Air Quality News

airquality

Draft Issue

September 2019

airqualitynews.com

news

Inconsistent Clean Air Zones could be undermining improvements in air quality

Want to help cut air pollution?

You might need to keep your engine on

AIR POLLUTION WHY TIME IS RUNNING OUT

www.hankooktire.com/uk www .hankooktire.com/uk k

on steer All Season tyre for for axle tyre variable variable road conditions conditions ditions road

All Season eason driv drive e axle tyr e for for tyre variable v ariable ble rroad oad conditions conditions

W Wide-b ase Wide-base s tyre with single tyre extra long mileage extra for o rregional egional trailer trailer for

Be one with innovation Hankook Tyre and Real Madrid Together as one

BE ONE WITH IT

Hankook Tyre UK Ltd Fawsley Drive, Heartlands Business Park Daventry, Northamptonshire NN11 8UG Tel: +44 1327 304 100 Fax: +44 1327 304 110

Editorial Comment and Contacts

Welcome to Air Quality News magazine Contacts Publisher: David Harrison d.harrison@spacehouse.co.uk 01625 614 000 Editor: Thomas Barrett tom@airqualitynews.com 01625 666 385 Journalist: Chris Ogden chris@airqualitynews.com 01625 666 396 Journalist: Jamie Hailstone jamie.hailstone@me.com 01625 614 000 Advertising Director: Andy Lees andy@airqualitynews.com 01625 666 390 Advertising Manager: Peter Moore peter@airqualitynews.com 01625 614 000 Finance Manager: Jenny Leach jenny@spacehouse.co.uk 01625 614 000 Administration: Jenny Odgen admin@spacehouse.co.uk 01625 614 000

We have been reporting, reflecting and commenting upon the key issues affecting our air quality for the past seven years via our digital platform airqualitynews.com. So, why are we launching a magazine? In many ways we have reached a cross roads. Statistically nine out of ten people worldwide are exposed to levels of air pollutants that exceed World Health Organisation recognised safe levels.

In the UK, air pollution is the single biggest threat to health, killing 36,000 people a year according to Public Health England. It’s impact on our health service is also estimated to be more than £20bn a year, but air quality goes far beyond those working in the sector.

Air pollutants have a serious impact upon not just our health but our economic outlook, transportation network, environment and poverty levels.

It affects everyone from the four-year-old walking to school to the business leader who runs a fleet inside a Clean Air Zone.

We acutely understand the challenges involved and Air Quality News has been at the forefront of the debate covering the causes and impacts of air pollution for many years.

However, we are extending the reach of our reporting through our new print offering enabling us to deliver more feature content. This will allow our editorial team an increased opportunity to investigate, analyse and report across a more diverse number of sectors with a far greater depth of coverage. Now more than ever people are aware of the damage that air pollution is causing – and the opportunities that will come from the drive to improve it.

We aim to bring you not only the problems but also to investigate the solutions and the technological developments which will inevitably contribute to us all breathing in cleaner air – which we can all surely agree is a human right.

The first issue of Air Quality News reflects upon the limited impact of (EV) electric vehicles in the UK compared to many Scandinavian countries, we talk to the Mayor of Bristol about the lack of progress in establishing a Clean Air Zone and look at some of the technological advances across our sector plus a great deal more.

If you would like to contribute to future magazines or wish to discuss any of our coverage my editorial team and I would be delighted to hear from you.

Thomas Barrett, editor

Air Quality News - published by Spacehouse Ltd, Pierce House, Pierce Street, Macclesfield. SK11 6EX. Tel: 01625 614 000 All rights reserved. Reproduction, in whole or part without written permission is strictly prohibited.

Printed on FSC certified paper stock, using vegetable oil inks.

Fulfilment and distribution using 100% recycled envelopes.

airqualitynews.com

3

sh thinking ffresh h thinking fresh sh g ttrustedtechnology technology technology trusted hh ll y

INDO SiCURA PUTS CLIENTS BACK IN THE DRIVING SEAT Successful air quality strategies start with the right measurement equipment.

Get the UK’s most reliable sensor-ready option Sensor-ready Sensor -read ady functionality with Direct Drive®

For F or more inf info nfo or to request a product duct demo

www.indolighting.com/SiCURA www .indolighting.com/SiCURA dolighting.com/SiCURA SiCURA

Contents

Contents Other stories Page 6: News Section Page 7: News Section Page 8-9: Feature Page 6-7 News: London’s first Hydrogen Buses

Page 10-11 Freight Page 12-13: Vehicles Page 14: Liquid Fuels Page 16: Indoor Page 17: Interview

Page 8-9 Feature: Nottingham Hospital burning coal

Page 10-11 Feature: Bristol’s air quality

Page 18-19: Local Government Page 20: International Page 21: Marketplace Page 22: Recruitment

Page 12-13 Feature: Jaguar electric vehicles

Page 17 Interview: Marvin Rees Britol Mayor speaks out

Page 20 Feature: China’s move to hydrogen

Partners

airqualitynews.com

5

News

in brief Birmingham to trial car-free ‘School Streets’

Birmingham will follow other successful ‘School Streets’ initiatives across the country and close streets to traffic around six primary schools during pick-up and drop-off times. School Streets aim to reclaim the roads outside schools from cars, improve air quality at the school gates and make it easier for children to walk and cycle to school. In Birmingham, this scheme will be delivered as part of the Modeshift STARS scheme, which provides a range of activities and initiatives that support safer, greener and healthier travel to school.

EV charge points to be built on every new UK home

Electric vehicle (EV) charge points will be built on every new UK home or office with a car parking space, under new plans unveiled by the government.

The UK would be the first government in the world to introduce the legislation, which it says will make charging easier, cheaper and more convenient for drivers. Currently, the government provides a grant of £500 towards the cost of installing a charge point at home which they claim has seen over 100,000 domestic charge points installed to date.

Poor most exposed to air pollution Despite over ten years of air quality policy, inequality in exposure to trafficrelated air pollution has widened, a new study has revealed. espite over ten years of air quality policy, inequality in exposure to trafficrelated air pollution has widened, a new study has revealed.

The research, led by academics at the Air Quality Management Resource Centre (AQMRC) at the University of the West of England, Bristol, found that social inequalities in traffic-related pollution exposure are ‘clearer and stronger’ than ever before.

The study, which updates a 2003 analysis of environmental justice in the UK, found that while young children, young adults, and households in poverty

D

have the highest levels of exposure to air pollution, it is the richer households who are more responsible for it.

‘Policies to remediate pollution would benefit by taking greater account of the differences between those who cause the problems and those who bear the

costs,’ the report concluded.

‘It is clear that governments in the UK and elsewhere are struggling with devising and implementing effective air quality management policies.’

Analysing this data, they found households in the poorest areas emit the least nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM), whilst the least poor areas emitted the highest, per kilometre vehicle emissions per household. further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

Greater Manchester unveil CAZ plans

Guidance published on how to reduce indoor air pollution

The public body, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), has published new draft guidance on how to reduce exposure to indoor air pollution. The document is aimed at members of the public as well as local authorities, public health professionals and people working in construction. It draws on previous studies that have linked indoor air pollution from cookers, damp, cleaning products and fires to irritation of the lungs and asthma.The guidance says people should ensure rooms are well ventilated, by opening windows or using extractor fans, when cooking, drying clothes inside, using household sprays or solvents and paints.

6

reater Manchester has unveiled its plans for a Clean Air Zone (CAZ) in a bid to cut dangerous levels of pollutants in the city region’s air.

Under proposals set to be put to the Greater Manchester Combined Authority (GMCA) this Friday, the new CAZ, set to be introduced from 2021, will charge high-polluting HGVs, buses, taxis and vans for driving around the city region if they don’t comply with NO2 emissions standards.

The scheme, which will cover all 10 of Greater

G

Manchester’s local authorities, will ask non-compliant buses and lorries to pay £100 a day, while taxis and vans would be charged £7.50 each day.

The scheme comes as part of the outline business case for Greater Manchester’s Clean Air Plan, which looks to significantly reduce NO2 emissions from road vehicles around the contribution.

The city region’s Mayor Andy Burnham will ask Greater Manchester leaders to endorse the plan when the report comes before the GMCA this Friday.

Cllr Alex Ganotis, Greater

airqualitynews.com

Manchester Green City-Region Lead, said: ‘Greater Manchester’s 10 local authorities are showing leadership in developing ambitious proposals to tackle nitrogen dioxide roadside emissions urgently’.

further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

News

More deaths in Leeds from transport-related air pollution than Shanghai or New Delhi Leeds is in the top 10 urban areas for percentage of deaths caused by transport-related air pollution, according to International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) research.

he study looked at data from 2010-2015 with researchers studying PM2.5 and NO2 emissions alongside epidemiological models to determine how, when, and where transportation emissions are impacting air quality and public health.

They said they examined all forms of transportation emissions including shipping and nonroad mobile sources such as agricultural and construction equipment and rail transportation before estimating deaths in 100 major urban areas around the world.

In 2015, Leeds, the transport-attributable fraction for deaths was 34.7%, above other global pollution hotspots such as Shanghai, Mexico City and New Delhi.

Even though urban areas in Asia and South America have large numbers of transportation-attributable deaths, the report says they have a lower

T

number of deaths per 100,000 due to high overall pollution concentrations from other emission sources such as coal-fired electric generating units and residential solid fuel combustion for cooking and heating.

Across the UK, researchers estimated there were 8,400 deaths linked solely to transport emissions in 2015. Of these, 46% were attributed to diesel vehicles, 6% to non-diesel, 10% to non-road mobile sources and 38% to shipping.

Milan, Turin, Stuttgart, Kiev, Cologne, Haarlem, Berlin, Rotterdam and London made up the rest of the top 10. further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

Enclosed rail stations exceeding annual limits for NO2 in two weeks

itrogen Dioxide (NO2) levels in Edinburgh Waverley and London King’s Cross train stations exceeded annual limits in just two weeks, the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) has reported.

Researchers from Edinburgh University and King’s College London also found that average levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were higher inside the stations than outside them, although they didn’t breach EU limits.

N

The researchers said the high levels in the two train stations were ‘principally’ due to emissions from diesel trains, but also from other rail-related sources such as rail and wheel wear and other nearby sources such as food outlets.

‘A strong positive association was observed between the number of diesel trains and the concentration of NO2,’ the study said.

‘This was also apparent for PM2.5, but as this pollutant has a range of sources, the correlation was less strong’.

London to get 'world's first' hydrogen double-decker buses The 'world’s first' hydrogen double-decker buses will be rolled-out on three London bus routes next year.

ransport for London (TfL) has ordered 20 of the buses, which produce no pollution from their exhausts and are powered with a hydrogen fuel cell and a battery pack.

The vehicles will be introduced on routes 245, 7 and N7, with people traveling to Wembley Stadium, or from west London to the West End. TfL says they are investing £12m in the new buses and the fuelling infrastructure with Northern Ireland firm Wrightbus as the manufacturer, which uses a fuel cell from Ballard to power a Siemens drivetrain.

Over £5m of funding is also being provided by the EU and £1m from the Office of Low Emission Vehicles.

T

The market for hydrogen buses in the UK is still in its early stages, but TfL says they are leading UK procurement by joining the ‘Joint Initiative for hydrogen Vehicles across Europe’ (JIVE) project which aims to bring down the cost of the vehicles by buying in bulk with other authorities.

In 2018, Wrightbus ran in-service trials of the buses in Aberdeen, which currently runs a fleet of single-deck fuel cell buses, operated by First and Stagecoach. Aberdeen is currently the only other UK city to run fuel cell buses.

in brief Bradford trials air monitoring using public phone boxes

Bradford has become one of the first places in the UK to monitor air quality using high-tech public phone boxes.Several BT ‘InLinkUK’ digital street units recently installed in Bradford city centre have in-built modular sensors which collect air quality data every minute.

This data is being sent in real time to the BT data hub at Bradford Council’s health and wellbeing department, helping to guide the council’s initiatives to lower air pollution in the city centre.

All new ships should be zero-emission capable by 2025, says DfT

All new ships for UK waters ordered from 2025 should be designed with zero-emission capable technologies, the Department for Transport (DfT) has said. The ambition is set out in the Clean Maritime Plan published today (July 11), which lays out in more detail how they plan to encourage a zero-emission shipping industry by 2050.

By 2025 they expect that all vessels operating in UK waters are being designed with zero emission propulsion capability, including the ability to ‘bunker’ or supply ships with low or zero emission fuel.

Pollution-busting ‘supertrees’ come to Chester Three 7.5m Singapore-style ‘supertrees’ will be placed in Chester city centre next month.

The steel structures are built in the shape of trees and are fitted with various climbing plants to tackle air pollution and increase plant, animal and insect diversity in the city.

They have been created offsite and will be brought into Chester in sections for building during August. It is expected to take between two to three years for the climbing plants to reach the top of the trees.

further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

airqualitynews.com

7

Airquality news magazine

Exclusive: Nottingham hospital burning thousands of tonnes of coal, two years after promising to stop An AirQualityNews investigation can reveal Nottingham City Hospital has spent almost £750,000 on over 3500 tonnes of coal, two years after promising residents that they had shut their almost 50-year-old coal boiler down for good.

By Thomas Barrett, editor AQN

Burning of coal

8

n August 2017, after years of protests from local residents and Friends of the Earth, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (NUH), who runs the hospital, announced the 50-year-old coal boiler would be shut down permanently but would occasionally be used in 'emergencies'.

It appeared the residents' battle against the toxic fumes and soot that regularly covered their homes was finally won.

However, we submitted a Freedom of Information Request to NUH which revealed the hospital is still using a significant amount of coal to heat its buildings.

I

airqualitynews.com

In 2018, they burned 2435 tonnes of coal, spending £563.636.43.

In 2019, From January 1 until April 30, they burned 914.62 tonnes, spending £162,569.34.

Colin Wilson, who lives close to the site, spoke exclusively to AirQualityNews and says he feels lied to.

'It's absolutely astounding,' he told us.'I wouldn't be allowed to work in a mine or a quarry with this air pollution yet people who live in this area are still breathing it.'

'They don't care. They quite simply don't care.'

Feature

Black carbon

We studied the most recent accounts of all 157 NHS Trusts in England, which includes information on how much and what type of energy is being used at every hospital in the country.

The 2017/18 accounts showed only Nottingham City and Goole and District Hospital in North Yorkshire were still burning coal, which was once common practice but has now been almost completely phased out, with many hospitals that we contacted saying they had not burnt coal for decades due to concerns over air pollution and the possible long term effects upon the local population.

Coal is one of the worst pollutants for humans, releasing black carbon and various heavy metals into the atmosphere which can lead to not just respiratory problems but a multitude of serious health conditions such as cancer, heart attacks and strokes.

This led Nottingham City Council to declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) around City Hospital in 2001 because of dangerous sulphur dioxide emissions.

The AQMA ended in 2007 when output was reduced to legal levels but they continued to burn coal and residents spent the next decade petitioning the hospital to shut down the boiler, apparently succeeding in 2017.

Mr Wilson expressed alarm at the figures for 2018 and 2019 but said he's seen it with his own eyes after leaving a facemask on his window ledge, which was coated with ash and grit after just two days.

He also stated that people at the council admitted to him that if similar levels of air pollution were found around a factory, they would shut it down.

'Some of the photographs I took earlier this year of the chimney makes it looks like a Second World War battleship bellowing smoke in the sea.'

‘From 2007 they’ve been saying it’s a priority, but it’s never actually happened.’

'Their timetable for closing the boiler down has slipped and on past experience, it keeps getting pushed back indefinitely.'

Leadership

In January, the NHS published its Long Term Plan, which included an ambition to phase out the use of coal as a primary heating source at all their sites by 2028 and an NHS spokesperson told AirQualityNews that they are well on track to meet this goal.

However, Dr Suzanne Bartington, an air pollution expert from the University of Birmingham who also advises the NHS called our findings ‘shocking’, saying it speaks to a wider problem about sustainability and the NHS. 'They should be leading by example,' she said.

‘It gives all the wrong messages about leadership in healthcare and sustainability. The fact that people are vulnerable patients in a place with poor air quality is not a good thing.

'This hospital is meant to help people, but they are contributing so much to air pollution themselves.'

UPDATE: This story was picked up by BBC East Midlands and featured on the Late News edition of the BBC’s regional TV news programme East Midlands Today on Monday 10 June 2019. You can read the BBC's coverage of our story or watch the TV news clip.

Passing the buck

NUH director of estates and facilities Andrew Chatten sent AirQualityNews a statement saying they have had to put their plans to upgrade the coil boiler on hold because of The Treasury's Infrastructure Finance Review consultation, which said they will no longer help to fund infrastructure projects that have been financed by the private sector, as the NUH had originally planned.

For the long-suffering residents, it means it could be several years before anything is done about coal boiler.

'These delays have an unavoidable knock-on impact on the timeline and until a solution to the current issue has been found, we are unable to confirm a revised timeline,' added Mr Chatten.

Mr Wilson says he's heard it before and has faced years of empty promises from NUH. 'They've passed the buck for years and years and years.'

'You go to these meetings [with NUH] and they sit there very smugly and say the problem is we can turn the boiler off and use the gas supply, but if that has a breakdown, will you be responsible to the 500 elderly people in here who have to be kept warm?'

Nigel Lee from Friends of the Earth Nottingham is also sceptical. He worked with residents to campaign to shut the boiler down in 2017 and has witnessed a consistent failure in leadership at NUH with nobody taking responsibility for the coal boiler.

further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

airqualitynews.com

9

Airquality news magazine

Flawed Bristol air quality scheme threatens local economy, says FTA Bristol City Council launched its air quality consultation which put forward two options: a charging Class C band Clean Air Zone (CAZ) or a diesel car ban.

Chris Yarsley, Policy Manager, Freight Transport Association

The city of Bristol

10

nder the first option – a Class C charging CAZ – van drivers would need to pay a daily fee of £9 to enter the zone; HGVs would pay £100.

And while there is a £2,000 scrappage scheme, it is only open to private cars, despite them being exempt from the CAZ. The council has also proposed 24/7 access restrictions on a number of streets in the city centre for HGVs over 3.5 tonnes.

According to FTA, this option would place the burden of improving air quality solely on the shoulders of

U

business, when all citizens should play their part in the fight against pollution.

A charging CAZ of this scale would cause operating costs for some small businesses to soar. Hard-working companies and individuals – many of whom keep Bristol’s city thriving – would be left to bear the burden of improving air quality alone.

It is unfair to place this solely on their shoulders, when other factors, including private road users, also contribute to emission levels across the city.

airqualitynews.com

After all, why should the logistics sector be left picking up the bill, when private motorists continue to drive unsanctioned?

Bristol City Council must, in the view of FTA, provide a justification as to why it is proposing a Class C band – which excludes private cars – over a Class D band, which encompasses all polluting vehicles.

Freight

Compliance

The council launched this consultation without providing any details on how and when it expects to achieve compliance with air quality limits; this information will only be made public approximately halfway through the consultation period.

While the consultation does give the possibility of an exemption for operators based within the zone, or for those with a low turnover, once again, it does not go into any detail. FTA is calling for the council to share a much clearer and more detailed version of its plans.

In the view of FTA, other solutions are able to deliver a quicker, more sustainable improvement to air quality without damaging the local economy.

After all, CAZs bring no long-term air quality benefit; due to natural fleet replacement cycles, all vehicles operating in the city would reach this standard anyway in a few years.

Councils would be better placed to concentrate on traffic management and

encourage the uptake of ultra-low emission vehicles.

Many other city councils, including Nottingham and Southampton, have convinced Defra of the viability of these alternative schemes.

But if Bristol does decide it must implement a charging CAZ, it should include all vehicle types within its remit; the size should also be kept as small as possible to mitigate the very worst economic damage.

and moving of goods.

With Brexit, new technology and other disruptive forces driving change in the way goods move across borders and through the supply chain, logistics has never been more important to UK plc.

A champion and challenger, FTA speaks to government with one voice on behalf of the whole sector, with members from the road, rail, sea and air industries, as well as the buyers of freight services such as retailers and manufacturers.

While the logistics sector acknowledges the role it must play in improving the air quality of our cities and takes this responsibility very seriously, we do question the methods proposed by Bristol City Council.

We encourage all our members to submit a response to the consultation and have their voices heard.

Efficient logistics is vital to keep Britain trading, directly having an impact on more than seven million people employed in the making, selling

further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

Efficient logistics

airqualitynews.com

11

Airquality news magazine

Jaguar Land Rover to build EVs in the UK Jaguar Land Rover will build electric vehicles (EVs) at its manufacturing plant in Castle Bromwich, securing 2,700 jobs.

By Thomas Barrett, editor AQN

Jaguar electric vehicle

12

he new Battery Assembly Centre is expected to be operational during 2020 and will have the capacity to build 150,000 units.

It follows the company's announcement in January that electric drive units (EDUs) for EVs will be manufactured at its Wolverhamptonbased Engine Manufacturing Centre (EMC).

The UK car industry has been dealt several high-profile blows in recent months with Ford announcing they will close its Bridgend plant in 2020 and Honda announcing they will close its plant in Swindon by 2021 - both citing a global decline in new petrol and diesel cars.

However, Jaguar Land Rover's announcement signals a major vote of confidence in the UK's ability to deliver the technology.

Figures released yesterday showed consumer demand for EVs has grown by over 60% in 2019.

The market share for fully electric vehicles in the UK is still small, though, at under 1%.

In Europe, the market share is 1.8% and demand is growing at 70% compared to 2018.

T

The first vehicle confirmed to be built at the site will be the all-electric Jaguar XJ. Prof. Dr Ralf Speth, CEO, Jaguar Land Rover said: 'The future of mobility is electric and, as a visionary British company, we are committed to making our next generation of zeroemission vehicles in the UK,' said Prof.

Dr Ralf Speth, CEO, Jaguar Land Rover’.

'We are co-locating our electric vehicle manufacture, Electronic Drive Units and battery assembly to create a powerhouse of electrification in the Midlands.'

Responding to the news, Mike Hawes, chief executive of the Society of Motor Manufacturers & Traders (SMMT) said it 'reaffirms Britain’s potential to become a global leader in zero-emission technologies.'Later this month, the company will begin installing the facilities for its Modular Longitudinal Architecture (MLA).

MLA will enable the firm to build diesel and petrol vehicles alongside full electric and hybrid models.

Jaguar Land Rover also called on the government and industry to work together to bring giga-scale battery production to the UK.

airqualitynews.com

It echoes the words of academics from Oxford University who last month said the UK must commit to building EV battery gigafactories quickly or risk falling behind the rest of the world for EV manufacturing.

Their report predicted that 114,000 automotive industry jobs would be lost by 2040. But with the right strategy, the UK could instead become a ‘world leader’ in the production of batteries and EVs, with a potential 246,000 employees in the industry by 2040.

In May, the government announced they will spend a further £28m on a national electric vehicle (EV) battery ‘centre of excellence’ in Coventry.

The government says the UK Battery Industrialisation Centre (UKBIC) will provide ‘world-leading’ testing facilities for new battery technologies, and be a stepping stone for their ambition to build a gigafactory in the UK. further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

Vehicles

Want to help cut air pollution? You might need to keep your engine on.

Substantial research testing more vehicles is urgently needed to enable effective policy-making on car-idling, writes Felix Leach from the University of Oxford. ir pollution may have fallen since the 1970s, but it remains a major health risk in the UK. More than 2.6m schoolchildren nationwide are exposed to dangerous levels.

Exposure to toxic gases and particulate matter shortens the lives of more than 30,000 citizens a year, and costs the NHS millions.

Increases in public awareness of these health effects, triggered in part by the death of schoolgirl Ella KissiDebrah and Volkswagen’s “dieselgate” scandal, have spurred the UK government to make the quality of the country’s air a priority concern.

As part of this, the government’s recently published comprehensive long-term strategy for clean air aims to eliminate wood - and coal-burning stoves from 2022 and sets ambitious targets to reduce harmful emissions – although concrete short-term action has yet to be taken.

Now, government agency Public Health England has recommended some promising solutions to tackle air pollution here and now. But one key aspect of its proposals, a sustained anti-idling campaign, is not fully thought through.

On the surface, turning off your engine whenever waiting in a car be it when picking the kids up from school, or stuck in a traffic jam seems like a sensible idea. When an engine is switched off, it doesn’t emit anything.

However, the full story is more complex.

It’s true that leaving your car running will increase planet-warming CO₂ emissions – but not by as much as you might think. For the example above, roughly six minutes of idling produces the same amount of CO₂ as driving one kilometre. This seems a small price to pay to preserve the health of the children you’re picking up from school, or pedestrians walking the streets.

Of course, it’s important to note that this data is based on just one car.

Surprisingly, there is only one existing study on this issue. But as an expert in

A

vehicle emissions, there is no reason to assume that other petrol cars would behave any differently.

The UK government’s post-'dieselgate' switch to demonising the diesel engine is now no more polluting than petrol equivalents – left owners confused and out of pocket, and resulted in vehicle CO₂ emissions increasing in 2017 for the first

time in two decades.

London’s Ultra Low Emissions Zone further penalises drivers who bought older diesel cars thinking they were greener,while allowing unlimited deadly particulate emissions from petrol cars and motorbikes. Now, on current evidence, Public Health England’s advice to curb car idling may actually dirty the country’s air, not clean it.

airqualitynews.com

If the government is to avoid further loss of trust and harm to health, clear, confident and, most importantly, accurate messaging is now essential for keeping the public on board with tackling air pollution. Substantial research testing more vehicles is urgently needed to enable effective policy-making on car-idling.

Until then, if you want to cut air

To switch off or not?

pollution, you might be better off ignoring the government and leaving your engine running. further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

13

Fuels

Liquid fuels: Forging the way to a low-emission future While the world needs more energy, it simply can’t sustain more emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM), writes Certas Energy.

Liquid fuels

14

overnment, industry and the wider supply chain remain resolute in the quest to make a positive impact on the ongoing air quality problem. But while technologies do exist to make an immediate difference to emissions, it must be acknowledged that low levels of uptake are first and foremost a commercial (not necessarily a technical) challenge.

Without an incentive to switch, and while the tax rebate on red diesel remains so attractive, the business case for investing in the majority of alternative fuels is a difficult one to build - especially where existing infrastructure is lacking. Here liquid fuels - whether oil for domestic/ commercial heating or fuel for on/offroad applications - must play a part in kick-starting public and commercial sectors on the path towards a zeroemission end-point.

So why should liquid fuels be part of the transition to cleaner air? What does the current liquid fuel mix look like? And how can they support commercial and public sectors in the journey to a zero-emission future?

G

What’s currently in ‘the mix’?

Advances in research and development have harnessed a new generation of liquid fuels that can redress the balance between technical and environmental requirements.

Alternative liquid fuels have been created to deliver a wide range of environmental benefits, and characteristics may include biodegradability, lower NOx and PM emissions, reduced carbon footprint and renewability.

When looking for liquid fuels that facilitate a smooth, cost-effective transition to cleaner air, the growing portfolio of paraffinic fuels is particularly interesting as the energy market moves forward.

There are many technologies within this category that are already being tested and trialled. Compositions include hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), power to liquid, biomass to liquid, hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrotreated biofuel products and gas-to-liquid (GTL) - which offers compelling evidence of reducing emissions from HDD engines across Europe.

airqualitynews.com

The New Energy Reality

The truth is that there has to be a short to medium-term energy stop-gap that satisfies security of supply and sustainability concerns - all while driving towards Government emissions strategies and policy initiatives. And the really uncomfortable truth? There is no utopian solution that completely satisfies all of the criteria. This is the new energy reality.

A broad mix of energy sources will enable the most cost-effective and robust transformation path. No one can forecast the future as technologies develop and evolve. But from a commercial perspective, the fact that the infrastructure and supply chain is strongly in place for liquid fuels is a key consideration.

Ultimately, the world will need liquid fuels for longer than it currently envisages. The zero-emission end goal is where we all want to be, but without embracing evolving enhancements in fuel technologies, it will take us much longer to get there. further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

DAF XF PURE EXCELLENCE

Efficiency in motion Setting the standard in driveline excellence.

Delivering industry-leading fuel efficiency.

Outstanding driver comfort.

Everything you’d expect from the #1 truck brand!

WWW.DAF.COM

A PACCAR COMPANY DRIVEN BY QUALITY

Indoor

UK homes ‘toxic boxes’ due to indoor air pollution Indoor air pollution is over three times worse than outdoor air pollution, with campaigners calling UK households 'toxic boxes' due to the number of air pollution particles trapped inside.

By Thomas Barrett, editor AQN

Indoor pollution

16

hese were the findings of a study commissioned by the Clean Air Day campaign who asked the National Air Quality Testing Services (NAQTS) to conduct four experiments with four families in different UK locations in April and May 2019.

Each study monitored the level of ultrafine air pollution particles over a 24-hour period inside and outside the four families’ properties, which found that ultrafine particle pollution levels were on average 3.5 times higher inside than outside, peaking at 560 times outdoor air pollution.

Researchers said this is due to a combination of indoor activities such as cooking or burning wood alongside outdoor pollution from transport, which travels inside, creating a build-up of pollution inside the home, with pollution peaks taking longer than outdoors to disperse.

Ultrafine particles have the potential to have greater health impacts than PM10 or PM2.5 pollutants because they are smaller and evidence suggests they can be more easily

T

absorbed into the body.

The government published its much-delayed Clean Air Strategy in January which they said ‘raised awareness’ of how household activities such as open fires and wood stoves contribute to indoor air pollution.

According to the government, domestic burning on stoves and open fires is now the single biggest source of particulate matter emissions, and they said new legislation will be introduced to prohibit the sale of the most polluting fuels whilst ensuring only the cleanest stoves are available for sale by 2022.

The indoor air pollution study was commissioned by environment charity Global Action Plan ahead of Clean Air Day, which takes place on Thursday June 20.

Air pollution expert Professor Stephen Holgate from the University of Southampton said: 'This study provides early indicators of the scale of the air pollution challenge that we face in the UK - not only on our streets but in our homes.

'With children spending increasing

airqualitynews.com

hours indoors exposing them to ultrafine particles of pollution, which can enter the bloodstream and could have a greater impact on vital organs, urgent action needs to be taken to address this issue of indoor air pollution.'

'Ultrafine particles have the potential to have greater health impacts than PM10 or PM2.5 because they can be more easily absorbed into the body. In addition, their minute size means they behave together like a gas, are able to pass through the lungs into the circulation and get taken up into cells where they exert damaging effects.'

Chris Large, senior partner at Global Action Plan, added: 'We were shocked to discover that pollution at its peak can be up to 560 times higher indoors than it is outdoors.

The combination of indoor and outdoor air pollution sources is turning our homes into toxic boxes, with pollution trapped inside.'. further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

Spotlight

Is Bristol Mayor Marvin Rees taking air pollution seriously?

‘The problem with Marvin is he loves cars’, a Bristolian tells me when I mention I will be meeting the Mayor of Bristol to talk about air pollution.

Thomas Barrett meets Marvin Rees

Marvin Rees won the Bristol Mayoralship in 2016 on a ticket of social justice, promising to bridge the gap between the city’s haves and have nots.Since then he’s won plaudits for driving innovative approaches around housing such as the Bristol Housing Festival, and energy with the £1bn City Leap project which aims to build a world-class renewables infrastructure. However, delays to a clean air plan have left some in the city to question his leadership on air pollution.

It’s a reputation that irritates Rees, who maintains that the delays have been necessary because the council’s own modelling indicated a charging Clean Air Zone would have an adverse impact on some of the city’s poorest communities.

'We’ve been absolutely committed to taking on the impact [of air quality measures] on the poorest and most vulnerable people,' said Rees when AirQualityNews met him at his office in Bristol earlier this month.

'Air pollution is a threat to health but poverty is also a threat to health,' he added.'If you don’t listen to poor people and you just say, “This is the world as I see it and you need to see it the way I see it", then where do the people go? Trump, Johnson, Farage – who

airqualitynews.com

are not environmentalists.

'If you get the balance wrong you create conditions for a whole lot of hurt.'

Poverty

It's estimated 300 people a year die in Bristol due to causes related to air pollution and further delays to Bristol’s clean air plan is ‘costing lives’, according to Cllr Eleanor Combley, leader of the Bristol Green Councillors Group.

'Poverty costs lives,' says Rees, who believes that many in the green movement are 'falling into that holier than thou approach' that is singular and doesn't take into account the pressures the city is facing on all fronts, whether that be adult and social care, children's services or housing.

'That takes thinking beyond the Tweet,' he says.

2017's Runnymede Report painted a picture of a 'city divided' and the reality for many ethnic minorities in Bristol who have to overcome wider inequalities than any other major city in the UK. Another report from the Social Mobility Commission found Bristol’s youth struggle to escape poverty despite it being one of the most attractive places in the UK for employment prospects.

Rees almost appears frustrated that air quality is taking up so much of the spotlight, and recalls a recent cabinet meeting which emptied after questions about air quality were finished with.

Next on the agenda was children's safeguarding.

'Everyone is there for the stuff that’s in the headlines but when you get down to the real stuff, working with the poorest people, they all disappear’.

17

Airquality news magazine

Inconsistent Clean Air Zones could be undermining improvements in air quality The uneven implementation of Clean Air Zones across the UK is ineffective, confusing and potentially detrimental to the improvement of air quality, writes Dr Sarah Wixey, associate director, WYG. ities across the UK are busy developing their plans to improve air quality and lower transport emissions.

From 2020, ten cities in England and Scotland plan to introduce either a Zero Emission Zone (Oxford), Clean Air Zone (CAZ) (Birmingham, Derby, Leeds, Nottingham, Southampton) or Low Emission Zone (LEZ) (Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow).

In addition, more than 50 cities in England will be developing Local Action Plans, and Scotland is considering expanding LEZs to other Air Quality Management Areas.

The aim of these zones is to address all sources of pollution, including nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, and reduce exposure to them using a range of city specific measures.

To support their development, Defra published the 'Clean Air Zone Framework: Principles for setting up Clean Air Zones in England' in 2017.

These guidelines set out the expected approach to be taken by local authorities when implementing and operating a CAZ in England.

It would be natural to assume cities have used this framework to design a consistent approach to their zones and adopt a standard set of clear rules for all vehicle users to follow. Unfortunately, this is not the case.

C

Instead of a single, coherent and co-ordinated approach to a national problem, we now have a patchwork of individual initiatives across the UK.

Anyone trying to operate a business, or simply travel from city to city, now needs to research in advance what restrictions are in place. They

18

must consider when they apply, if there are any exemptions, if they are going to be charged, what the fine will be, and how to pay it.

From the outset, there has been indecisiveness and a lack of consistency amongst local councils.

For example, when the councils for Derby and Nottingham developed plans for non-charging CAZs, the approach was very different. Derby focused on a new urban traffic management and control system across a wider area of the city, whereas Nottingham included vehicle access restrictions, and additional government funding helped to support the conversion of the city’s own vehicle fleet to vehicles compliant with the new restrictions.

Southampton City Council originally developed plans for a charging-based CAZ but following public consultation and the strong response against the planned charges, the city is set to introduce a noncharging CAZ based on a package of measures to reduce emissions. This lack of consistency amongst councils is only going to worsen if the UK government fails to introduce a nation-wide criteria for CAZs in cities.

On the other hand, Leeds and Birmingham have plans to introduce a charging-based CAZ, but these are again structured very differently. Leeds plans to introduce a category ‘B’ zone – whereby buses, coaches, taxis and heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) entering the zone will be charged. Birmingham, however, has opted for a ‘D’ zone, where cars and light good vehicles will be charged in addition to those applicable for zone ‘B’ charges.

airqualitynews.com

Although both Leeds' and Birmingham's CAZ share the same aim – to encourage businesses to transition to cleaner and less polluting vehicles – the criteria and penalties for each zone do not share the same uniformity.

No vehicle will be banned from driving in either CAZ area but instead daily charges will apply for noncompliant vehicles which will be monitored by cameras using automatic number plate recognition technology.

In Leeds, non-compliant vehicles will be subject to a daily charge of £50 for HGVs or large passenger vehicles, and eventually £12.50 for smaller commercial passenger vehicles, with private motorists and light goods vehicles avoiding a charge.

In Birmingham, vehicles will instead need to meet a minimum fuel-type criteria,and non-compliant vehicles willbe subject to a daily charge of £8

Local Government

for smaller passenger vehicles and £50 per day for HGVs, coaches and buses.

This means that two central economic and social hubs, connecting the north and Midlands in the UK, will become increasingly difficult to navigate for all businesses that have vehicle fleets to manage.

Top of the agenda

Most recently, we have seen London launch the UK’s first UltraLow Emission Zone (ULEZ), a category ‘D’ policy that encompasses the existing congestion charging zone.

Non-compliant vehicles are now subject to a charge of £100 per day for HGVs and larger passenger vehicles, and £12.50 per day for small passenger vehicles.

The introduction of London’s ULEZ, and plans for CAZs in other cities, have obvious benefits and place air quality at the top of the agenda to

ensure businesses with fleets are operating the right vehicles in the right place at the right time.

However, the plans currently in place across the country (which should be developed and implemented at national level) lack consistency, with a variety of localised plans frequently being instated.

As it currently stands, this decentralisation of CAZs is ineffective and potentially detrimental to the improvement of air quality. Any plans should be developed with trade associations that represent the businesses most likely to be affected by any changes. Once identified and agreed, the implementation timescales need to be fixed to allow vehicle owners and businesses to plan their future.

airqualitynews.com

Going forward, businesses will need to take into consideration the vehicles they are using; how many older vehicles will need to be replaced or moved to areas where restrictions are less lenient (this is not recommended as this effectively moves pollution to other areas); and whether adopting new working practices could reduce fleet size.

Knowing the direction of travel, and the fixed implementation timescales, will not only help vehicle owners and businesses, but will also provide the vehicle manufacturing industry with the certainty it needs to ramp up the production of ultra-low and effectively zero-emission vehicles, in what will ultimately be a benefit to the environment. further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

19

International

China to cut subsidies for EVs and move towards hydrogen China has announced it will cut subsidies to electric vehicles (EVs) and focus on developing other clean mobility alternatives such as hydrogen.

By Thomas Barrett, editor AQN

he country, which has the largest EV market in the world, made the announcement on its its website with Bloomberg reporting that the government subsidy for pure battery electric cars with a driving range of 400 kilometers (250 miles) and above will be cut by half, to 25,000 yuan (£2,800) per vehicle from 50,000 yuan.

Electric cars must now have a range of at least 250 miles to qualify for any subsidy. It's hoped the shift will encourage alternatives such as hydrogen fuel cell cars, which have a longer range than plug-in electrics.

Hydrogen has the highest specific energy density of any non-nuclear power source and is the most abundant element in the universe. Proponents say it is inexhaustible and can be created using many sources, including surplus grid power, bio plants and emission-free intermittent renewables.

However, there are arguments that it is unsafe and difficult to store.

T

20

Despite this shift towards hydrogen, China’s EV market is not expected to slow down with the country still expected to produce 20 million EVs next year.

China Daily reported last week that China hopes to have 5,000 hydrogen energy vehicles on its roads by 2020, 50,000 by 2025 and 1 million by 2030.

It will require a massive jump as by the end of 2017, the country had only 1,200 on its roads and fewer than 20 refuelling stations across the whole country, ranking behind the United States, Japan, Germany and South Korea, according to the International Hydrogen Fuel Cell Association.

China's protectionist economy means the large majority of vehicles are manufactured within the country.

One of the countries largest sports car and pick-up manufacturer, Great Wall Motor Co Ltd, recently invested more than 1 billion yuan (£114m) into hydrogen energy and fuel cell research and development.

airqualitynews.com

Greenpeace recently praised China’s work in tackling air pollution as average PM2.5 concentrations of cities in the country fell by 12% between 2017 and 2018.

The famously polluted city of Beijing has now reduced its pollution sufficiently to drop to being the 122nd most polluted city in the world.

The UK market has been dominated by EVs and hybrids, and currently, there is just one hydrogen fuel-cell car, the Toyota Mirai, available to purchase.

Last year, Shell added a hydrogen fuel refuelling point at their busy M40 station, and the Met Police announced they would be adding 200 hydrogenpowered cars to their fleet.

Also, the £4m Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre (MFCIC) opened which will develop new UKbased sources of hydrogen and fuel cell energy. further coverage can be found online at airqualitynews.com

Marketplace Enviro Technology Services

GRAMM SmogStop

Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership

The Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership, is a public-private partnership working to accelerate a sustainable shift to lower emission vehicles and fuels and create opportunities for UK business. Over 200 organisations are engaged from diverse backgrounds including automotive and fuel supply chains, vehicle users, academics, and environment group.

Connect:You’ll gain insight into low carbon vehicle policy development and into the policy process.

Collaborate: You’ll benefit from many opportunities to work – and network – with key UK and EU government, industry and NGO. Influence: You’ll be able to initiate proposals and help to shape future low carbon vehicle policy

Turnkey Instruments Ltd

Turnkey Instruments design and manufacture a range of easy-to-use dust monitors, created to continuously measure and record the concentration of airborne particles. Our instruments feature two modes; in environmental mode they simultaneously monitor the concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 particles, while their workplace mode monitors the inhalable, thoracic and respirable fractions. Every product includes a proprietary nephelometer, produced by ourselves, that analyses the individual particles of an air sample as they pass through a laser beam; the particles are then collected on the reference filter.

This advanced technology allows fractions to be determined at concentrations up to several mg/m

Founded in 1983 and now active in over 60 countries with a multimillion pound turnover and has evolved over 34 years to become a global provider of air quality and emissions monitoring systems and servicing. The company sell and lease equipment, systems and services covering the monitoring of ambient air quality (AQM), continuous emissions (CEM) and indoor air quality. ET also supplies cutting-edge analytical equipment for scientific, process and research monitoring including the Enviro Technology Services (ET) was.

The company operates out of a custom-designed 1700m2 factory featuring fully air-conditioned calibration and repair laboratories, in-house system manufacturing and dedicated testing and training facilities.

GRAMM is the UK leading specialist in the design, supply & installation of environmental acoustic barriers. We have constructed literally 1,000’s of Km’s of acoustic barriers of all types of materials throughout the UK and Europe.

GRAMM SmogStop Barrier reduces air and noise pollution levels in surrounding neighbourhoods, and takes a two-pronged approach to reducing air pollution from major roads, highways and railways.

The patented aerodynamic design reduces pollution levels by enhancing dispersion. At the same time, a proprietary coating on the barrier actually breaks down the NOx and VOCs that produce smog, transforming them into harmless by-products

01453 733200 www.et.co.uk

T: 01323 872243 www.smogstop.co.uk

T: 020 7304 6880 www.lowcvp.org.uk

Tel: 01606 330020

Air Monitors

Ashtead

Envirovent

Air Profiling

Air Monitors represents some of the world’s leading environmental monitoring technology manufacturers. Providing monitoring solutions which encompass the very best products, technology and services, Air Monitors offers technical support, maintenance, calibration, operation, analysis and reporting services in addition to the sale or hire of monitoring equipment.

Typical applications include the monitoring of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in both workplace and ambient air.

With decades of experience and high levels of expertise, Air Monitors is able to select the best instruments from leading global manufacturers. These include Aethlabs, Bertin, Cozir, Environics, AQMesh, Lufft, Magee Scientific, Palas, Thermo and others.

Ashtead Technology provides rental, purchase and calibration solutions for air quality and emissions monitoring equipment.

Parameters include: PM10, 0.8µm Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM), Respirable (PM4), PM5 (China Respirable), PM2.5, PM1, Temperature, Relative Humidity, Air Velocity, CO, Cl2, EtO, HCN, H2S, NO, NO2, O2, SO2, CO2, VOCs and Hydrocarbons.

Covering personal, indoor and outdoor applications, equipment is available from leading manufacturers including TSI Instruments Ltd, Testo, RAE Systems and Inficon. The ability to rent or purchase means we can offer an equipment solution to meet your financial and technical requirements.

Alongside equipment rental and sales, we also offer calibration and maintenance.

T:01684 857530 www.airmonitors.co.uk

01462 679 020 ashstead-technologhy.com

EnviroVent is the UK’s leading manufacturer, supplier and installer of energy efficient and sustainable ventilation products to improve indoor air quality and control the humidity levels which cause condensation and mould problems.

EnviroVent has tackled condensation and mould in over a million properties. Our award winning range of condensation control products come with long-term warranties, and are fitted by qualified professional engineers.

Consistent with our commitment to develop sustainable products, our UK manufacturing plant also provides the perfect facility to recycle worn out components, eliminating the wasteful disposal of plastic to landfill.

0345 27 27 810 envirovent.com

airqualitynews.com

www.turnkeyinstruments.com

The UK’s go-to distributor Hoo “PRO” Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System uHoo “PRO” represents the pinnacle of the new generation of Indoor Air Quality Monitors designed for commercial applications: • • • • • • • • • • • •

compact lower cost web-based (including IoT) compact very informative intuitive to use API-enabled versatility fast upload of data energy saving low maintenance low operational cost aesthetically superb

NINE Monitored Parameters uHoo “PRO” delivers more actionable information than any other.

01636 555 007 uhooair.co.uk 21

Recruitment

Jobs

We have exciting job opportunities coming up including:

Head of Highways and Transport Circa £68k | Swindon

• Principal Highway Design Engineer

We have an excellent opportunity for a Head of Highways and Transport to join us to help shape and drive forward our transformation agenda.

Somerset is a great place to live, work and play, boasting plenty of beautiful sites – in villages and market towns – with a rich heritage of history and legend.

Infrastructure is at the heart of our ambitions to support productivity and innovation.

We host the largest infrastructure project in Europe, Hinkley Point C, and we have over £50m of major highway projects in progress, with more planned. Highways play an essential role in our ambitions. We’re a rural county with the tenth largest road network in the country.

As the highways authority, we look after 6,600km of road, 2,000 bridges, 900km of ditches, 120,000 gullies and 52,000 street lights.

This network is growing too, with 9km of new highway every year, 9,500 planning applications every year and 700+ live development sites at any one time.

There has never been a better time to join us in this critical role as we embark on a number of ambitious and challenging projects that will be key to our transformation plans and be great for your own personal career aspirations.

You’ll lead the Highways and Transport teams on a day to day basis and develop the strategic positioning of the service so that it can be relied upon to provide an efficient and effective range of services for all areas of the Council and actively contribute to the delivery of the Council’s vision and pledges.

This is a fantastic opportunity to make your mark in a challenging role, allowing you to be involved in career defining projects, shaping the Highways and Transport department and influencing on a regional stage.

For further information and to apply, please visit https://jobs.swindon.gov.uk/ Closing date: 24th March 2019

• Highway Supervision Engineer (x2) • 1x Principal & 1x Senior Development Infrastructure Officers • Senior Bridge Engineer & Team Leader • Bridge Engineer • Senior Bridge Technician • Traffic Signal Engineer If you are interested in any of these roles, please visit www.dasjobs.co.uk/scc and select Engineering and Transport

Big Hearts Big Changes Assistant Director (Planning, Regeneration & Transport) Salary: £87,791 per annum

Ref: RMBC/19/00296

As the Assistant Director of Planning, Regeneration & Transport, you’ll be part of the directorate leadership team. You will bring a track record of delivering and transforming a range of services, helping to progress the Council further on its future journey.

You will play a lead role in driving the economic growth of the Borough by working with our partners on the Business Growth Board to deliver the 10 year Economic Growth Plan and delivery on key, major regeneration projects. You will drive forward service excellence across a broad range of important and vital services such as Planning and Building Control, Regeneration and Economic Development (RiDO), Transport and Infrastructure, Asset Management as well as Facilities Services.

For an informal discussion about this exciting role please contact Paul Woodcock, Strategic Director on 01709 823815 or at paul.woodcock@rotherham.gov.uk For further details please visit http://rotherhamleaders.com/ Closing date: 10th April 2019

rotherham-jobsonline.co.uk

For recruitment advertising: Andy Lees – 01625 614 000 / andy@airqualitynews.com 22

airqualitynews.com

NewStart Magazine

Making Better Places Since 1999 New Start is a digital magazine which is ‘articulating the alternative’ for places. Writing about a new local economics. Sharing ideas and solutions.

New Start was launched as the UK’s first regeneration magazine in February 1999.

Since then it has told the stories of the people and projects creating social and economic change in local areas in the UK and internationally

Subscribe to New Start – from 14 pence per day!

• • • •

Learn from the best ideas for creating better places Read case studies on practical initiatives in towns and cities Network with people creating local social and economic change £49 a year (plus VAT) for an individual subscription.

newstartmag.co.uk/subscribe Email: subscriptions@newstartmag.co.uk Call: 01625 666399

www.newstartmag.co.uk

At times of uncertainty, an effective interim manager can make all the difference.

As can an effective interim provider.

Odgers Interim doesn’t just offer great interim managers across Government.

We analyse future trends, provide intelligent client briefings and work with you on the all-important exit-strategy.

It means you can meet future objectives with confidence.

Contact: +44 20 7529 3980 interim@odgers.com www.odgersinterim.com