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THE Haunting of MEC E - 5

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OCTOBER 2021 Vice President of Communications

Director of Publications

Junior Editors

Cover Design

Breanne Bacani

Mariko Gardiner Balreet Grewal Phoenix Martinez

Contributors

Roanne Andaya Delaney MacIntosh Polina Reisbig Engineering Art Show

Safiya Ahmad

Penny Neoh & Xinkai Xu

All materials appearing in The Bridge bear copyright to their creator(s) under the Engineering Students’ Society (ESS) and may not be used without written consent.

Website

essualberta.ca

Contact

esscomm@ualberta.ca

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@essualberta

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Engineering Students’ Society of the University of Alberta

Photo: Tahmid Al Hafiz

DEAR READER, Have you heard those footsteps when you’re studying alone, at 11PM on 5th floor Mec E? Or the echoing of conversations that aren’t actually being had seeping through the walls of the discipline club rooms? This edition, “The Haunting of Mec E-5” will most definitely make you feel less alone in the dark. With a retelling of an attempted assasination, reviewing creepy corners on campus and a haunting short story, there will be plenty of reasons to believe that the noises you are hearing aren’t just leaky pipes. With Halloween just around the corner, we would like to present to you our spookiest yet silliest, edition of The Bridge. With our hopes to spook you or make you laugh, we hope that you can find a moment or two to indulge in the spirit of halloween; especially during the scariest time of the year, midterm season. Enjoy your Halloweekend (safely please). But more importantly, enjoy “The Haunting of Mec E-5”! Best, Breanne Bacani Vice President of Communications

Contents 6

Spooky Season Halloween Watch List A History of Halloween Ghosting 101 Ghoul Tales Creepy Corners Halloweekend Events

20 Midterm Madness A Guide to Burnout and Mental Health Resources Every Midterm Season Playlist You’ll Need

30 Beyond Engineering The Great Facebook Outage Breanne’s Book Nook

Features

CanLead Conference

42 Just For Fun Lucy Looselips: The Unexpected Assasination The Writing on the Walls National Novel Writing Month: NaNoWriMo Word Search

Illustration: Megan Zhou

CLASSICS

1. Psycho (1960) 2. Scream Franchise (1996) 3. A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) 4. The Shining (1980) 5. Friday the 13th (1980)

halloween watch list:

what better way to get into the spooky season than to consume halloween media ?

FILM FRANCHISE

MOVIES

1. The Conjuring (2013) 2. Cabin in the Woods (2011) 3. Get Out (2017) 4. Us (2019) 5. Candyman (2021) 6. The Boy Behind The Door (2020) 7. Midsommar (2019) 8. Hereditary (2018)

1. Insidious (2010) 2. The Purge (2014) 3. Final Destination (2000) 4. Halloween (1978) 5. Paranormal Activity (2007) 6. Saw (2004)

TV SHOWS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

American Horror Story (10 seasons) The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (2 seasons) Stranger Things (3 seasons) The Walking Dead (11 seasons) The Haunting of Hill House (2 seasons)

ANIME

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Junji Ito Collection Devilman: Crybaby Tokyo Ghoul Mononoke Parasyte: The Maxim

FOREIGN HORROR MOVIES

1. The Ring (JPN) 2. Ju-On: The Grudge (JPN) 3. Train to Busan (KOR) 4. Eerie (PH) 5. Verónica (SPA)

ANIMATED MOVIES

1. Coraline (2009) 2. The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) 3. Frankenweenie (2012) 4. Corpse Bride (2005) 5. Monster House (2006) 6. Paranorman (2012) 7. Hotel Transylvania (2012) 8. The Book of Life (2014) 9. Monsters Inc. (2001) 10. Scooby Doo and the Ghoul School (1988)

OTHERS

1. Hocus Pocus (1993) 2. Edward Scissorhands (1990) 3. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005) 4. Alice in Wonderland (2010) 5. Dark Shadows (2012)

A History of Halloween Mariko Gardiner Every year, children across the country dress up in different costumes and go door to door saying, “Trick or treat.” To an outsider, this would be strange, but most of us participate in this unusual celebration every year without a second thought. So where do these strange traditions come from, and why do we celebrate Halloween on October 1st every year? Halloween started out as a Celtic festival, Samhain. In Celtic traditions, the year is based on the harvest. When the harvest is over and winter begins, the new year starts. Because of this, their New Year’s Day is on November 1st, making October 31st the last day of the old year. According to Celtic beliefs, the time between the old year ending and the new one beginning is when the spirit world is closest to the mortal world, meaning that malevolent ghosts could cross over, and that the Celtic druids and shamans were at their most powerful. The Celtic people would therefore light bonfires and dress up to scare away any harmful spirits, while trying to read the future and performing any other rituals needed before the cold, dark winter. However, about 2 millennia ago the Roman Empire conquered the areas inhabited by the Celts and adopted the festival of Samhain by mixing it with two of their own holidays. The first of these holidays was Feralia, which originally took place in February. Feralia was a Roman holiday for honouring the dead, so that they would not come back in anger and harm the living romans. This holiday involved public mourning and offering to spirits, but it was similar enough to Samhain that when the Romans conquered the Celts, the two holidays were combined by moving Feralia to late October and celebrating as the Celts did, as well as keeping their own rituals. The second holiday to be combined with Samhain and Feralia was All Saints Day. Originally in May, All Saints Day was a Christian holiday used to honour all dead Saint’s. The celebration of All Saint’s Day was accompanied by All Souls Day, which is a time to celebrate all the dead, even the unsainted. All Saint’s Day was traditionally celebrated by dressing up as saints, angels, and even devils the saints had overcome. When the church grew in power, the pope decided to move the celebration of All Saint’s Day to November 2nd, with hopes of changing the celebration of Samhain from a pagan to a Christian event. This worked in that people now celebrated the Christian holiday, but very few recognized as Christian,

rather celebrating as they always had but with a new name, All Hallows Eve. This name came from All Hallows Day, which is another name for All Souls Day. These traditions all changed again when the holiday moved to North America. At the time of the first colonization, there was a strong Protestant presence in the New World, which strongly condemned the celebration of what they considered a satanic holiday. As a result, Halloween existed only as small parties within households. Later, the customs of Halloween re-emerged, but they were heavily influenced by the harvest festivals of the Indigenous people. These celebrations included celebrations of the harvest along with ghost stories and fortune telling. Along with the ghost stories, pranksters would often make mischief, blaming it on the spirits. However, all these celebrations were not considered Halloween.

At this time, in Mexico and South America, the European version of Halloween mixed with Aztec traditions to honour the dead. The Aztecs had many traditions for honouring the dead throughout the year, but when they came into contact with the Europeans, these traditions were compressed into a single day, Día De Muertos, which is celebrated on November 2nd. Many of the elements of Día De Muertos we recognize, such as the use of skulls and the altars to the dead, are directly from Aztec Traditions.

During the 19th century, a new wave of immigrants to the US and Canada came from Ireland, where Halloween was fully celebrated. At that time, there was a new tradition in Europe that involved dressing up and asking for money on Halloween. This came from the European tradition of nobles giving out bread and other treats in exchange for the peasant praying for the noble’s families. When the Irish immigrated to North America, they brought their own version of this tradition, which involved performing a trick instead of praying for the dead. In North America, this tradition took the form of young women dressing up and asking for money.

At the time, the main Halloween activity was playing pranks, like egging and TPing as we do today. However, this quickly led to public safety concerns, and some cities started banning Halloween entirely. To make Halloween less harmful to communities, people started to push the idea of Halloween being a family holiday, with small children dressing up and going door to door to receive candy. As this was considered immensely better than having people dress up and destroy private property, the idea caught on quickly, and spread throughout the US and Canada. This became Halloween as we know it today.

HOW TO ABRUPTLY CUT CONTACT WITH THAT ONE PERSON

WHAT IS GHOSTING: If you are anything like me, you would understand that sometimes, conversations are just difficult to have. Picture this, you are having a boring conversation with someone you just met and they ask if you would like to hang out again sometime. You panic, you give them your number and then they text you. What do you do next? A reasonable person would say that you should be honest with them. However, I would say you should ghost them...you don't owe them an explanation anyway...right? Ghosting is an art form that not many can perfect. Lucky for you, I have just the tools you will need to avoid telling someone how you really feel.

HOW TO KNOW YOU NEED TO GHOST: 1. YOUR PERSON IS STALKING YOU 2. YOUR PERSON IS BORING YOU 3. YOU WANT TO SPICE UP YOUR LIFE 4. YOU HAVE NO INTEREST IN THIS PERSON AT ALL 5. YOU WANT TO AVOID CONVERSATION 6. YOU DIED IN A HORRIFIC ACCIDENT YEARS AGO AND YOU DON'T WANT THEM TO FIND OUT THAT YOU ARE NOT LIVING 7. THEY ARE CLOSE TO FINDING OUT ONE OF YOUR SECRETS 10

TIP 1: GHOSTS CAN SMELL FEAR. DISAPPEAR WITH NO HESITATION - BE CONFIDENT IN YOUR DECISION

TIP 2: DO NOT COME BACK BEFORE YOU GHOST YOU SHOULD KNOW THAT THIS DECISION IS PERMANENT. YOU CANNOT COME BACK AFTER YOU GHOST

TIP 3: DO NOT FEEL BAD YOU DON'T OWE ANYONE AN EXPLANATION. ONCE YOU GHOST, YOU SHOULD FEEL FREE FROM YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES AS A PERSON

TIP 4: UH-OH THEY'RE CHECKING IN ON ME...NOW WHAT? DON'T PANIC, JUST DONT REPLY!

TIP 6: CONCEAL DON'T FEEL ELSA SAYS IT BEST. DON'T FEEL BAD...OR FEEL BAD BUT DON'T SHOW IT.

TIP 5: LAW OF CONSERVATION OF GHOSTING WHEN YOU GHOST SOMEONE, PREPARE TO BE GHOSTED BACK...NEWTON SAYS SO.

TIP 7: DO NOT GHOST UNLESS YOU'RE IN AN UNSAFE POSITION, GHOSTING A FRIEND IS THE WRONG DECISION. HAVE A CONVERSATION...YOU'RE AN ADULT

THE NEXT STEPS: ONCE YOU HAVE FINISHED GHOSTING, WHAT DO YOU DO NEXT? THIS IS A GREAT QUESTION THAT ONE WHO IS NEW TO GHOSTING MAY ASK AND MOST DEFINITELY A FAIR ONE. ONCE YOU HAVE STOPPED REPLYING AND FOLLOWED THE TIPS ABOVE (EXCEPT FOR TIP 7...) THERE ARE NO NEXT STEPS! YOU ARE NOW FREE OF YOUR WORRIES 12

AND YOU CAN MOVE ON WITH YOU LIFE AS IF NOTHING EVER HAPPENED.

ARE YOU BEING GHOSTED? HOW CAN YOU TELL? 1. CONVERSATIONS ARE SLOWING DOWN 2. THEY TELL YOU THAT THEY ARE GETTING READY FOR BED BEFORE 6PM (BECAUSE LET'S BE REAL...WHO GETS READY FOR BED BEFORE 11PM?) 3. THEY SEND YOU DRY TEXTS...OR DON'T TEXT YOU AT ALL 4. THEY AVOID ANSWERING QUESTIONS 5. THEY DON'T TALK TO YOU FOR OVER 24 HOURS...NOBODY IS THAT BUSY, TRUST ME.

THE MOST TELLING SIGN THOUGH IS THAT THEY CUT ALL COMMUNICATION WITH YOU. BONUS POINTS IF THEY BLOCK YOU!

BEING GHOSTED? NOW WHAT... ONCE YOU HAVE WEIGHED THE SITUATION AND REALIZED THAT YOU ARE BEING GHOSTED, WHAT DO YOU DO? IF I'M BEING COMPLETELY HONEST I HAVE NEVER BEEN GHOSTED...MAYBE BECAUSE I'M JUST THAT INTERESTING OR MAYBE BECAUSE I GHOST THEM BEFORE THEY CAN GHOST ME. HOWEVER, MY FAVOURITE WAY TO GET PAY BACK IS BY SIGNING UP TO SPAM EMAILS AND DAILY FUN FACTS USING THEIR EMAIL AND NUMBER.

LAST BUT NOT LEAST, DO NOT TAKE IT PERSONALLY. YOU'RE MOST LIKELY BEING GHOSTED BECAUSE YOU ARE JUST TOO GOOD FOR THEM!

ESS PUBLICATIONS Presents:

GHOUL TALES 14

I have a true story. Many members of the ESS have to do event training, which outlines how to be safe when running events and how to prevent accidents from occurring. As an example of what could go wrong, the training includes the story of Dean Curtis Mortensen. Dean was a science student in 1992 at St. Joseph’s college. Dean was a good student, he always made his bed, and he didn’t usually drink. One day, however, he and some friends were drinking in The Ship, which is in Lister. It’s changed a lot since Dean’s time, but back then it was the campus pub, similar to Duke’s today. While there, Dean had a few shots, but nothing extreme. Eventually, Dean and two of his friends decided to head home. As they left, shortly after midnight, his two friends decided to go back to The Ship, while Dean headed back to his dorm. The next day, Dean missed his first class, which he almost never did. Then he missed his next class, and in fact all the classes after. When supper came and went with no sign of him, his friends began to worry. They convinced a prefect to unlock Dean’s room, to see if he was still in bed. The bed was made, but Dean was nowhere to be seen. Over the next few days, his friends and eventually the police scoured the university for any sign of Dean. Two weeks later, they found Dean’s hat, a blue Winnipeg Jets hat. To this day, that’s the last anyone saw of Dean Mortenson. There is a picture of him in St. Josephs, and people still recognize the day he died.

So we have all heard that Dewey's used to be the old Power Plant. But, they also say that it used to be the research space of a scientist working on a project related to the Alberta Oil Sands, They would work in a "basement laboratory with no windows and no assistants; [he] wore a pair of wiry glasses high up on the bridge of his nose, and a lab coat that was stained w i t h t h e r e m n a n t o f h i s p r e v i o u s e x p e r i m e n t s .1 " H e apparently invented a mechanism to separate oil from soil that would go on to provide riches to the province. However, he never lived long enough to see the Oil Sands grow into what has become today and so he haunts the halls of Dewey's. You might even find some unrefined oil laying around.

I have definitely heard some CREEPY noises while studying in the MEC E Building. One time, my friend and I were staying late after a lab. It was a random Friday night, people were out having a good time, not crying their hearts out in ETLC cause math was hard. My friend went to the bathroom (having to go to the third floor cause the lack of bathrooms for women in MecE is embarrassing) and I was waiting by our belongings. I thought I saw a group of students walking by also suffering in the same trenches as us. I couldn't see anyone but the sound travels. No biggie, that's not weird. This is the freaky part: I swear I could hear people chanting the old Engineering song, yelling on and on about Engineering Week aka GEER Week. My friend came back and thought I was going crazy — and fair enough, I was probably just sleep-deprived, but still. No late hours in the MecE building for me anymore. Wacky stuff. 1. Taken from an InfoLink Post on the SU website from 2013. Available: https://www.su.ualberta.ca/services/infolink/connections/entry/252/spookyplaces-on-campus/

Creepy Corners Do you dare to stay at these U of A spots alone in the dark? 1. The Ed Basement - long hallways, lots of rumbling pipes and no windows, it definitely is a spooky spot 2. Rutherford South Basement - clearly, basement's at the U of A are spooky, but this one might have a ghost too. 3. Pembina Hall - it was once a morgue and hospital during the influenza epidemic. 4. The BioSci Building - Packed during the day, if you take a walk around the building alone, it definitely feels as if someone is watching you. The more floors you go up, the emptier the building.

5. The MechE Building - Random paths in this building lead to dead ends (conveniently desks to study at). Do the dark winding paths have some secrets? 6. The Old Power Plant - Now the location for Dewey's, many people have admitted to seeing flickering lights and ghostly shadows 7. Convocation Hall - There are rumours that the post WWII organ is haunted and plays by itself. 8. Athabasca Hall - the oldest building on campus, some believe that the ghost of a young boy who tragically passed during the construction of the building still roams the halls. 9. Rutherford Library - the majestic "Harry Potter Library" seems too creepy to not have some sort of paranormal activity, right? 18

Your Edmonton HalloweekenD EVENT LIST Register as a team for Campus Foodbank's Trickor-TrEAT on Oct. 30! Edmonton's DARK halloween festival packed with live entertainment and awesome food trucks, They've even got some virtual events! Check out a haunted campus tour from Edmonton Ghost Tours. Binge the Halloween Watch List on Page 6!! Trust, you'll find something you're going to love. If you're hoping to get out of the house, consider the Metro Cinema or the Princess Theatre! 19

A GUIDE TO BU R N O U T

By: Roanne Andaya based off of a presentation by Amara Hussein, Peer Support Center

Midterms, stress, and burnout are three words that go hand in hand, especially during exam seasons. Learning how to recognize, prevent and combat stress and burnout are key skills that everyone needs in order to get through exam periods while keeping our mental health in check. First we should understand what stress and burnout are.

WHAT IS STRESS? Stress is any reaction or response to a real or perceived stimulus. Stressors (or things that cause stress) can be any physical, mental, or emotional influence and they can be external or internal. One very important thing to remember about stress is that it is a common, human experience and that it is a normal feeling to have. Too much stress, and feeling stress constantly over a prolonged period of time leads to issues such as burnout.

WHAT IS BURNOUT? Burnout is defined as the depletion of mental, physical, and emotional energy without expected or real needs being met. Generally, it is the end stage of prolonged stress. It can be characterized by a lack of accomplishment or the feeling of not seeing the results you want after working hard on a project or an assignment. Burnout can lead to physical and emotional exhaustion, detachment, and feelings of ineffectiveness. Multiple experiences and relationships can contribute to burnout, and it is characterized as an individual phenomenon so everyone can react to burnout very differently.

A great way to visualize burnout is by visualizing holding a mug in your hand. It’s just a regular coffee mug. You can picture it empty or filled with a drink, but the weight of the mug isn’t what matters: it’s how long you hold the mug for without putting it down. Holding it over a couple of minutes isn’t an issue; sure it can be an inconvenience but holding the mug for hours at a time will have an effect on your body. Your muscles would begin to ache, it’s very uncomfortable. Dealing with burnout is how you deal with the mug. How can you alleviate the effects? You could put the mug down, or rest your arm on something while you hold it.

SIGNS OF BURNOUT As with anything, the very first step to dealing with burnout is to recognize burnout. Focus on Mental Signs: forgetfulness, boredom, internal factors that may be feeling overwhelmed contributing to burnout and identify these signs. Maybe it’s Behavioural Signs: cynical, feeling overwhelmed and unresponsive, change in relationships, feeling empty even though withdrawal you’re doing exceptionally well Remember: signs of burnout are unique in school. Or maybe you don’t to each individual! find your hobbies enjoyable anymore. Remember: burnout is the end stage of prolonged stress. If you’re constantly feeling stressed, take a step back and reflect on what you’re feeling and if what you’re feeling is burnout.

Physical Signs: low energy, insomnia, oversleeping

Learn how to recognize your stress triggers. What causes you to stress? Try to find specifics rather than generalizing your triggers so you can pinpoint exactly what is causing stress. Everyone has different stress triggers, so if you find yourself stressing over something that other people aren’t necessarily worried about, it’s completely normal. Once you have identified these triggers, try to find ways to prevent them. For example, one of my stress triggers is workload. If I have too many things due in one week or if I find myself scrambling to get things done, this causes me to spiral into burnout very quickly. One way I’ve learnt to prevent this is by actively planning out when I am going to finish assignments and making sure I’m finished before a due date. This eases the stress of having to scramble to get things done, and helps minimize my chances of experiencing burnout.

BURNOUT SELF-ASSESSMENT

This is meant as a way to reflect on how you’ve been feeling lately and to help determine if you are experiencing signs of burnout. For each of the questions below give a score from 1-5, with 1 representing that the statement doesn’t sound at all like you and 5 sounding exactly like how you have been feeling. After, simply add up your scores to determine your assessed risk of bu rnout.

I feel run down and drained of physical energy I have negative thoughts about my responsibilities I am harder and less sympathetic with people than perhaps they deserve I am easily irritated by small problems, or by my coworkers and team I feel misunderstood and underappreciated by those around me I feel I have no one to talk to I feel that I am not getting what I want out of my job/school/work I feel frus trated with parts of my work/school I feel that I am on the wrong path I feel that there is more work to do than I practically have the ability to do I feel that I do not have the time to do many of the things that are important to doing a good quality job I find that I do not have time to plan as much as I would like to. 22

14-17 18 - 31 32 - 48 49-58 59 - 70

No signs of burnout Little sign of burnout, unless some factors are particularly severe You may be at risk of burnout, particularly if several scores are high You are at risk of burnout You are at high risk of burnout

Finally, remember it’s always okay to take care of yourself first. Coping with burnout can become very taxing and can take a lot out of you mentally, physically, and emotionally. One great analogy is the instructions for oxygen masks on a flight. You always want to put your own mask on before helping someone else. Remember: you can’t pour from an empty cup. Take care of yourself first. One of the best ways to combat burnout on our own is through self-care. Selfcare is defined as a sustained and intentional practice in one’s life to preserve wellness and maintain wholeness in being. It is an effective coping mechanism which allows us to take care of our mental health and reminds us that we are important. Practicing self care can look like many things, but it is defined by you, for you. You can do i t on your own, or with others, and it is different for every person. Practicing self-care is very personal and customized to you! Try to have a positive attitude and perspective on your self-care. Sometimes ‘good enough’ is enough! Taking care of yourself doesn’t have to be a big thing. Start by taking 5 minutes out of every day to do something for you. You know yourself best, and even the s mallest bit of self-care is still self care. However, try to be consistent with your self-care. Keep yourself accountable and try to set goals so that you don’t fall back into burnout and stress. Finding self-care role models can also be helpful, and trying things that they do to take care of themselves might motivate you to take care of yourself as well!

TYPES OF SELF CARE Physical: walk, work out, sleep, eat nutritious meals, going out for a run Emotional: crying, mindfulness and appreciation journaling, therapy, texting friends Spiritual: may or may not be religious: yoga, prayer, going to a place of worship, nature, meditation, crystals, manifesting Social: hanging out with friends and family, volunteering Practical: very specific to you ! finishing homework, organizing calendar

Self-care, however, has challenges in and of itself. In this day and age, we value efficiency and tend to multi-task to get more things done. Taking time off to take care of yourself may feel like wasted time. Furthermore, we have a lot of stressors at any given moment. It would be unrealistic to think that self-care can get rid of all of these stressors all at once right away. Self-care is also a priv ilege to be able to practice. There are many external factors that go into people not being able to practice self-care as often as they’d like. This includes systemic issues, responsibilities, peer and family pressures, financial, and mental health concerns.

WHY IS SELF CARE SO HARD? Sometimes it's hard to be kind to yourself

Feeling guilty after for not doing "productive" work Not prioritizing yourself or thinking you don't deserve it Sometimes we feel like we have no time for it Sometimes you think self care is not worthy to be on your to-do list - it's just not a priority

In order to combat these challenges, it’s a good idea to set boundaries. Recognize what you can and cannot do given your time and energy. A great first step is to think of what you do have time for and then go from there. Prioritize which tasks are more important. Don’t be afraid to say no, and remember to communicate why you are unable to in a clear, concise, and non-threatening way. And if you still can’t combat burnout or practice self-care, reach out for support.

Remember to be gentle with yourself this midterm season. Listed on the next page are some resources that are available to you should you need extra support or help at any given moment or time. Please take care of yourself, reach out if you need, and remember that you are amazing, you are loved. And you are going to be okay.

MENTAL HEALTH RESOURCES EMPOWER ME Confidential support service available 24/7, 365 days a year. Can connect you to various health and support services. 18 1-833-628-5589

UNITEA

Meet with trained volunteers over a cup of coffee! The goal is to provide a sense of community and belonging on campus.

COUNSELLING AND CLINICAL SERVICES Accessible and compassionate psychiatric and psychological services to students through short term therapy model. Offers individual counsell ing, group therapy, and workshops 780-492-5205

EDMONTON DISTRESS LINE Free, 24/7 confidential phone line for non-judgmental shortterm crisis intervention, emotional support and resource information 780-482-HELP (780-482-4357)

MOMENTUM DROP-IN COUNSELING Walk-in/drop in, free counselling and solution-focused therapy.

211

Free, confidential service that provides resource information for an array of issues, including mental health, financial, social services, and health 211

Click on the title to see the full list of resources, and click on each resource to see the website!

Midterm Study Songs Japanese Denim - Daniel Caesar Outside - Kota the Friend Coffee - BTS Cool with You - Her’s SkyWorld - Two Steps from Hell Photograph - offonoff

M MI ID DT TE ER RM M H HY YP PE E S SO ON NG GS S

POV: You Think You Failed Your Midterm A Playlist

Put Your Records On - Corinne Bailey Rae Unsteady - X Ambassadors Easy On Me - Adele Zombie - Day6 Loser - Beck Wrecked - Imagine Dragons Life Goes On - BTS Changes - Lauv Brutal - Olivia Rodrigo The End - Neil Cicierega It was a no bones day 28

You Actually Passed Your Midterm! Thank the curve and celebrate with this playlist! 1. We are the Champions - Queen 2. Sunday Best - Surfaces 3. High Hopes - Panic! At the Disco

4. On Top of The World - Imagine Dragons

5. You’re Gonna Go Far Kid - the offspring

6. This View - Surfaces 7. Dog Days Are Over - Florence and the Machine 8. Good Life - OneRepublic 9. Hall of Fame - The Script ft. will.i.am

It was a bones day

eǦǓ (ȖǓƺȠ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ KȣȠƺǠǓ ǿǏ ȠǦǓ ƺǿǠǓȖș ȅǟ EȅǿȅȒȅǹǩΦƺȠǩȅǿ EƺȖǩǷȅ (ƺȖǏǩǿǓȖ

Kǿ KǉȠȅǈǓȖ ࢵȠǦॹ ࢳࢱࢳࢲॹ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ƺǿǏ ƺǹǹ ǩȠș șȣǈșǩǏǩƺȖǩǓș ΛǓȖǓ ǏȅΛǿ ǟȅȖ ƺǹǾȅșȠ ࢷ ǦȅȣȖș ƺǉȖȅșș ȠǦǓ ΛȅȖǹǏঀ ȣȖǩǿǠ ȠǦǩș ǩǿȠǓȖΚƺǹॹ ǈȣșǩǿǓșșǓș ǹȅșȠ ǉȅǿǿǓǉȠǩȅǿ ΛǩȠǦ ǉǹǩǓǿȠș ȅΚǓȖ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷॹ Ǿǩǹǹǩȅǿș șȠȖȣǠǠǹǓǏ Ƞȅ ȖǓƺǉǦ ǹȅΚǓǏ ȅǿǓș ΛǩȠǦȅȣȠ ǾǓșșǓǿǠǓȖ ȅȖ vǦƺȠș ȒȒ, and I couldn’t scroll through 2ǿșȠƺǠȖƺǾ ǏȣȖǩǿǠ ǾΡ ǹǓǉȠȣȖǓșঀ KǈΚǩȅȣșǹΡॹ șȅǾǓ ȅǟ ȠǦǓșǓ ƺȖǓ ǾȅȖǓ ǩǾȒȅȖȠƺǿȠ ȠǦƺǿ ȅȠǦǓȖșॹ ǈȣȠ ƺǹǹ ΛǓȖǓ ǉƺȣșǓǏ ǈΡ ȠǦǓ șƺǾǓ ȠǦǩǿǠঀ ǉǉȅȖǏǩǿǠ Ƞȅ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷॹ ȠǦǓ ǩșșȣǓ ȅǉǉȣȖȖǓǏ ΛǦǓǿ ǉȅǿǟǩǠȣȖƺȠǩȅǿ ǉǦƺǿǠǓș ΛǓȖǓ ǈǓǩǿǠ ǾƺǏǓ Ƞȅ ȠǦǓǩȖ ǈƺǉǷǈȅǿǓ ȖȅȣȠǓȖșঀ vǦǩǹǓ ǾƺǷǩǿǠ ȠǦǓșǓ ǉǦƺǿǠǓșॹ șȅǾǓȠǦǩǿǠ ΛǓǿȠ ΛȖȅǿǠ ƺǿǏ ǩǿȠǓȖȖȣȒȠǓǏ ǉȅǾǾȣǿǩǉƺȠǩȅǿ ǈǓȠΛǓǓǿ ǏƺȠƺ ǉǓǿȠǓȖșॹ ΛǦǩǉǦ ǹǓǏ Ƞȅ ƺǹǹ ȠǦǓǩȖ șǓȖΚǩǉǓș șȠȅȒȒǩǿǠঀ eǦǓ ǩșșȣǓ Λƺș ȖǓǹƺȠǩΚǓǹΡ șǩǾȒǹǓॹ ƺǿǏ ΡǓȠ ȠǦǓ șǓȖΚǓȖș ΛǓȖǓ ǏȅΛǿ ǟȅȖ șǩΠ ǦȅȣȖș ǈǓǟȅȖǓ ǈǓǩǿǠ ǟǩΠǓǏঀ ȅȠǦ ȠǦǓ ǿȣǾǈǓȖ ȅǟ șǓȖΚǩǉǓș ǏȅΛǿ ƺǿǏ ȠǦǓ ǹǓǿǠȠǦ ȅǟ ȠǦǓ ǏǓǹƺΡ ΛǓȖǓ ǩǿǉȖǓƺșǓǏ ǏȣǓ Ƞȅ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩΦƺȠǩȅǿঀ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ Ǧƺș ƺ ǈȣșǩǿǓșș Ȓǹƺǿ ȠǦƺȠ ǟȅǹǹȅΛș ȒƺȠȠǓȖǿș șǩǾǩǹƺȖ Ƞȅ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩΦƺȠǩȅǿॹ ǈȅȠǦ ΚǓȖȠǩǉƺǹ ƺǿǏ ǦȅȖǩΦȅǿȠƺǹঀ eȅ ǈǓȠȠǓȖ ȣǿǏǓȖșȠƺǿǏ monopolization, let’s consider a simplified version of producing ǈȖǓƺǏঀ 2ǿ ȠǦǩș ΚǓȖșǩȅǿॹ ȠǦǓȖǓ ƺȖǓ ȠǦȖǓǓ șȠǓȒșॸ ǟƺȖǾǩǿǠ ΛǦǓƺȠॹ ǾǩǹǹǩǿǠ ǩȠ ǩǿȠȅ ǟǹȅȣȖॹ ƺǿǏ ǈƺǷǩǿǠ ǩȠ ǩǿȠȅ ǈȖǓƺǏঀ vǦǓǿ ǿȅ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩǓș ƺȖǓ ȒȖǓșǓǿȠॹ ǓƺǉǦ șȠǓȒ ǩș ǏȅǿǓ ǈΡ ƺ ǏǩǟǟǓȖǓǿȠ ǉȅǾȒƺǿΡॹ ƺǿǏ șǓΚǓȖƺǹ ǉȅǾȒƺǿǩǓș ǉƺǿ Ǐȅ ȠǦǓ șƺǾǓ șȠǓȒॹ ƺș șǦȅΛǿ Ƞȅ ȠǦǓ ȖǩǠǦȠঀ 2ǿ ȠǦǩș ǉƺșǓॹ ǓƺǉǦ ǾǩǹǹǓȖ Ǧƺș ȠǦȖǓǓ ǉǦȅǩǉǓș ȅǟ ΛǦǓƺȠॹ ǓƺǉǦ ǈƺǷǓȖ Ǧƺș ȠǦȖǓǓ ǉǦȅǩǉǓș ȅǟ ǟǹȅȣȖॹ ƺǿǏ ǓƺǉǦ ǉȅǿșȣǾǓȖ Ǧƺș ȠǦȖǓǓ ǉǦȅǩǉǓș ȅǟ ǈȖǓƺǏঀ eǦǩș ǉȖǓƺȠǓș ƺ ǉȅǾȒǓȠǩȠǩΚǓ ǾƺȖǷǓȠॹ ǾǓƺǿǩǿǠ ȠǦƺȠ ȠǦǓȖǓ ǩș ƺ ǹƺȖǠǓ ƺǾȅȣǿȠ ȅǟ ǉȅǾȒǓȠǩȠǩȅǿ ƺȠ ǓΚǓȖΡ șȠǓȒঀ 2ǿ ƺ ǟȖǓǓ ǾƺȖǷǓȠ ǓǉȅǿȅǾΡॹ ǉȅǾȒǓȠǩȠǩȅǿ ǩș ȠǦǓ Ǿƺǩǿ ǏȖǩΚǩǿǠ ǟƺǉȠȅȖ ǈǓǦǩǿǏ ǉȖǓƺȠǩǿǠ ǾȅȖǓ ǓǟǟǩǉǩǓǿȠ ǾǓȠǦȅǏș ȅǟ

Figure 1. A simple model of a market with no monopolization. Every company involved has three choices for buying and selling, allowing for competition at all three steps.

ȒȖȅǏȣǉȠǩȅǿ ƺǿǏ ǹȅΛǓȖǩǿǠ ȒȖǩǉǓșঀ 2ǿ ǓǉȅǿȅǾǩǓș șȣǉǦ ƺș ȅȣȖșॹ ǉȅǾȒǓȠǩȠǩȅǿ ǩș ȣșȣƺǹǹΡ ǠȅȅǏ ǟȅȖ ȠǦǓ ǉȅǿșȣǾǓȖॹ ƺǹȠǦȅȣǠǦ ǩȠ ΡǩǓǹǏș ǹǓșș ȒȖȅǟǩȠ ǟȅȖ ȠǦǓ ǉȅǾȒƺǿǩǓșঀ Let’s say that a new miller comes in who wants to be the only producer oǟ ǟǹȅȣȖ ǟȅȖ ǈȖǓƺǏঀ eǦǩș ǾǩǹǹǓȖ ǈȣΡș ȣȒ ƺǹǹ ȠǦȖǓǓ Ǿǩǹǹșॹ ǈǓǉȅǾǩǿǠ ȠǦǓ ȅǿǹΡ ǉȅǾȒƺǿΡ ǩǿ ȠǦǓ ǾǩǹǹǩǿǠ ǩǿǏȣșȠȖΡঀ FȅΛॹ ȠǦǓ ȠǦȖǓǓ

ǈƺǷǓȖș ǦƺΚǓ ǿȅ ǉǦȅǩǉǓ ǈȣȠ Ƞȅ ǈȣΡ ǟȖȅǾ ȠǦǓ ǿǓΛ ǾǩǹǹǓȖॹ ƺǹǹȅΛǩǿǠ ȠǦǓ ǾǩǹǹǓȖ Ƞȅ ǩǿǉȖǓƺșǓ ȒȖǩǉǓș ΛǩȠǦȅȣȠ ǉȅǿșǓȕȣǓǿǉǓঀ eǦǓ ǾǩǹǹǓȖ ƺǹșȅ ǩș ȠǦǓ ȅǿǹΡ ǈȣΡǓȖ ȅǟ ΛǦǓƺȠॹ ǉȖǓƺȠǩǿǠ ƺ ǾȅǿȅȒșȅǿΡॹ ΛǦǩǉǦ ǩș ΛǦǓǿ ƺ ǾƺȖǷǓȠ Ǧƺș ǾƺǿΡ șǓǹǹǓȖș ǈȣȠ ȅǿǹΡ ȅǿǓ ǈȣΡǓȖঀ eǦǓ ǾǩǹǹǓȖ Ǧƺș ǿȅ ǉȅǾȒǓȠǩȠǩȅǿ ǩǿ ȠǦǩș șǩȠȣƺȠǩȅǿॹ ǾƺǷǩǿǠ ǩȠ ƺ ȒȣȖǓ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹΡ ƺǿǏ ƺǹǹȅΛǩǿǠ ǦǩǾ Ƞȅ ǩǿǉȖǓƺșǓ ȒȖǩǉǓșॹ ΛǦǩǉǦ ǩǿ ȠȣȖǿ ǩǿǉȖǓƺșǓș ȠǦǓ ȒȖǩǉǓ ȅǟ ǈȖǓƺǏ ƺǿǏ ǩǿǉȖǓƺșǓș ȒȖȅǟǩȠș ǟȅȖ ȠǦǓ ǉȅǾȒƺǿΡঀ eǦǓȖǓ ƺȖǓ șǓΚǓȖƺǹ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩǓș ǩǿ ȅȣȖ ǓǉȅǿȅǾΡ ȠȅǏƺΡॹ ǩǿǉǹȣǏǩǿǠ Ǔ ǓǓȖș ǠȖȅȣȒॹ ΛǦǩǉǦ Ǧƺș ƺ ǦȅȖǩΦȅǿȠƺǹ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹΡ ȅΚǓȖ ǏǩƺǾȅǿǏ ǾǩǿǩǿǠॹ ƺǿǏ @ȣΠȅȠȠǩǉƺॹ ΛǦǩǉǦ Ǧƺș ƺ ǦȅȖǩΦȅǿȠƺǹ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹΡ ȅΚǓȖ ǠǹƺșșǓșঀ eǦǩș ǩș ΛǦΡ ǏǩƺǾȅǿǏș ƺǿǏ ǠǹƺșșǓș ƺȖǓ ǟƺȖ ǾȅȖǓ ǓΠȒǓǿșǩΚǓ ȠǦƺǿ ȠǦǓ ǉȅșȠ Ƞȅ ȒȖȅǏȣǉǓ ȠǦǓǾঀ /ȅȖǩΦȅǿȠƺǹ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩǓș ǉƺǿ ƺǹșȅ ǓΠǩșȠ ΛǦǓǿ ȅǿǓ ǉȅǾȒƺǿΡ Ǧƺș ƺ ǾƺǴȅȖǩȠΡ ȅǟ ƺǿ ǩǿǏȣșȠȖΡॹ ǓΚǓǿ ǩǟ ȅȠǦǓȖ ǉȅǾȒƺǿǩǓș Ǐȅ ǓΠǩșȠ ǩǿ ȠǦǓ ǾƺȖǷǓȠঀ ΠƺǾȒǹǓș ȅǟ ȠǦǩș ȠΡȒǓ ȅǟ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹΡ ǩǿǉǹȣǏǓ EǩǉȖȅșȅǟȠ ƺǿǏ (ȅȅǠǹǓ ƺǿǏॹ ȅǟ ǉȅȣȖșǓॹ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷॹ ΛǦǩǉǦ ǩș ǉȣȖȖǓǿȠǹΡ ǩǿ ǉȅȣȖȠ ȅΚǓȖ ΛǦǓȠǦǓȖ ǩȠঅș ƺ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹΡঀ /ȅΛǓΚǓȖॹ ƺș ǩȠ ǏȅǾǩǿƺȠǓș șȅǉǩƺǹ ǾǓǏǩƺ ƺǿǏ ǾǓșșƺǠǩǿǠ ƺȒȒșॹ ǾȅșȠ ΛȅȣǹǏ ǉȅǿșǩǏǓȖ ǩȠ Ƞȅ ǦƺΚǓ ƺȠ ȠǦǓ ΚǓȖΡ ǹǓƺșȠ ǓΠȠǓǿșǩΚǓ ǦȅȖǩΦȅǿȠƺǹ ǩǿȠǓǠȖƺȠǩȅǿঀ eǦǓ ȅȠǦǓȖ ȠΡȒǓ ȅǟ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹΡ ǩș ƺ ΚǓȖȠǩǉƺǹ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹΡঀ (ȅǩǿǠ ǈƺǉǷ Ƞȅ ȅȣȖ ȒȖǓΚǩȅȣș ǓΠƺǾȒǹǓ ȅǟ ǈȖǓƺǏ ȒȖȅǏȣǉȠǩȅǿॹ ǹǓȠঅș șƺΡ ȠǦƺȠ ȖƺȠǦǓȖ ȠǦƺǿ ǈȣΡǩǿǠ ƺǹǹ ȠǦǓ Ǿǩǹǹș ȅǿǓ ȅǟ ȠǦǓ ǾǩǹǹǓȖș

Figure 2. A simple model of a market with horizontal monopolization. There are no choices for the second step, allowing that company to control the market.

ǏǓǉǩǏǓș Ƞȅ ǈȣΡ ƺ ǟƺȖǾ ƺǿǏ ƺ ǈƺǷǓȖΡঀ eǦƺȠ ǾǩǹǹǓȖ ǿȅΛ Ǿǩǹǹș ȅǿǹΡ ȠǦǓǩȖ ȅΛǿ ΛǦǓƺȠ ƺǿǏ ǈƺǷǓș ȣșǩǿǠ ȅǿǹΡ ȠǦǓǩȖ ȅΛǿ ǟǹȅȣȖঀ eǦǓ ǾǩǹǹǓȖ ǩș șƺǩǏ Ƞȅ ǦƺΚǓ ǉȅǿȠȖȅǹ ȅΚǓȖ ǩȠș șȣȒȒǹΡ ǉǦƺǩǿॹ ǾǓƺǿǩǿǠ ǩȠ ȅΛǿș ȠǦǓ ǠȅȅǏș ƺȠ ǓΚǓȖΡ șȠǓȒ ȅǟ ǾƺǷǩǿǠ ǈȖǓƺǏঀ ǓǉƺȣșǓ ȠǦǓ ǾǩǹǹǓȖ ȅǿǹΡ ȣșǓș ȠǦǓǩȖ ȅΛǿ ΛǦǓƺȠॹ ȠǦǓΡ ǿȅ ǹȅǿǠǓȖ ǦƺΚǓ Ƞȅ ǉȅǾȒǓȠǓ ǟȅȖ ȠǦǓ ǈǓșȠ ΛǦǓƺȠ ȅȖ ΛȅȖȖΡ ƺǈȅȣȠ ǉǦƺǿǠǓș ǩǿ ȠǦǓ ǉȅșȠ ȅǟ ΛǦǓƺȠঀ eǦǓ ǾǩǹǹǓȖ ƺǹșȅ Ǧƺș ǿȅ ǉȅǾȒǓȠǩȠǩȅǿ ȠȖΡǩǿǠ Ƞȅ șǓǹǹ ȠǦǓǩȖ ǟǹȅȣȖॹ ǈǓǉƺȣșǓ ȠǦǓ ǟǹȅȣȖ ǩș ƺǹǹ ȣșǓǏ ǈΡ ȠǦǓ ǾǩǹǹǓȖঅș ǈƺǷǓȖΡঀ ǓǉƺȣșǓ ȅǟ ȠǦǩșॹ ȠǦǓȖǓ ǩș ǹǩȠȠǹǓ Ƞȅ ǿȅ ȒȖȅǟǩȠ ǹȅșȠ ƺǹȅǿǠ ȠǦǓ șȣȒȒǹΡ ǉǦƺǩǿॹ ƺș ƺǹǹ ȠǦǓ ȒȖȅǟǩȠ ǟȖȅǾ șǓǹǹǩǿǠ ȠǦǓ ΛǦǓƺȠॹ ǈȖǓƺǏॹ ƺǿǏ ǟǹȅȣȖ

Figure 3. A simple model of a market with vertical monopolization. At each step, two companies have two choices while the third has a supplier and buyer within its own company. This prevents that company from engaging in competition within the supply chain.

Ǡȅ Ƞȅ ȠǦǓ șƺǾǓ ȒǓȖșȅǿॹ ȠǦǓ ǾǩǹǹǓȖঀ eǦǩș ƺǹǹȅΛș ȠǦǓ ǾǩǹǹǓȖ Ƞȅ șǓǹǹ ǈȖǓƺǏ ƺȠ ƺ ǟƺȖ ǹȅΛǓȖ ǉȅșȠ ȠǦƺǿ ȠǦǓǩȖ ǉȅǾȒǓȠǩȠȅȖșॹ ǓΚǓǿȠȣƺǹǹΡ ȒȣȠȠǩǿǠ ȠǦǓǾ ȅȣȠ ȅǟ ǈȣșǩǿǓșș ƺǿǏ ǉȅȖǿǓȖǩǿǠ ȠǦǓ ǾƺȖǷǓȠঀ eǦǩș șȠȖƺȠǓǠΡ ȅǟ ΚǓȖȠǩǉƺǹ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩΦƺȠǩȅǿ Λƺș ǾȅșȠ ǿȅȠƺǈǹΡ ȣșǓǏ ǈΡ [ȅǉǷǓǟǓǹǹǓȖ ǟȅȖ Ǧǩș ǉȅǾȒƺǿΡ ^ȠƺǿǏƺȖǏ Kǩǹঀ [ȅǉǷǓǟǓǹǹǓȖ ȒȖȅǏȣǉǓǏ ȅǩǹॹ ǈȣȠ ǦǓ ƺǹșȅ ȅΛǿǓǏ ȠǦǓ ȖǓǟǩǿǓȖǩǓșॹ ȅǩǹ ȖǩǠșॹ ƺǿǏ ǓΚǓǿ

ȠǦǓ ȖƺǩǹȖȅƺǏș ȣșǓǏ Ƞȅ ȠȖƺǿșȒȅȖȠ ȠǦǓǾঀ ^ȠƺǿǏƺȖǏ ȅǩǹ ƺǹșȅ ǦƺǏ ƺ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹΡ ȅǿ ȖǓǟǩǿǩǿǠ ȅǩǹ ƺǿǏ ǏȅǾǩǿƺȠǓǏ

ȠǦǓ ǾƺȖǷǓȠ ȣǿȠǩǹ ȠǦǓ șȣȒȖǓǾǓ ǉȅȣȖȠ ǏǩșǈƺǿǏǓǏ ǩȠঀ ^ȅǾǓ ȅȠǦǓȖ ǓΠƺǾȒǹǓș ȅǟ ΚǓȖȠǩǉƺǹ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩǓș ǩǿǉǹȣǏǓ ǾƺΦȅǿ ƺǿǏ eƺȖǠǓȠঀ ǾƺΦȅǿ ȅΛǿș ǓΚǓȖΡȠǦǩǿǠ ǟȖȅǾ ȠǦǓ șǓȖΚǓȖș ȅǟ ǩȠș ΛǓǈșǩȠǓș Ƞȅ ȠǦǓ Κƺǿș ȣșǓǏ Ƞȅ ǏǓǹǩΚǓȖ ǩȠǓǾșॹ ΛǦǩǉǦ ƺǹǹȅΛș ȠǦǓǾ Ƞȅ ȖǓǏȣǉǓ ȒȖǩǉǓș ȅǿ șǦǩȒȒǩǿǠঀ eƺȖǠǓȠ ǈȅȠǦ ȒȖȅǏȣǉǓș ƺǿǏ șǓǹǹș ǠȅȅǏșॹ ΛǦǩǉǦ ǹǓƺǏș Ƞȅ ǹȅΛǓr prices as they don’t have to buy goods from a supplier. Facebook also has some ǓǹǓǾǓǿȠș ȅǟ ΚǓȖȠǩǉƺǹ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩΦƺȠǩȅǿॹ ƺș ǩȠ Ȗȣǿș ǓΚǓȖΡȠǦǩǿǠ ȅǿ ǩȠș ȅΛǿ șǓȖΚǓȖșॹ ǩǿǉǹȣǏǩǿǠ ȠǦǓ ǏȅȅȖș ǩǿ ȠǦǓ ǈȣǩǹǏǩǿǠșঀ eǦǩș ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩΦƺȠǩȅǿ ǩș ΛǦƺȠ ǹǓǏ Ƞȅ ȠǦǓ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ȅȣȠƺǠǓ ǈǓǩǿǠ ƺș ǈƺǏ ƺș ǩȠ Λƺșঀ 'ǩȖșȠॹ ȠǦƺǿǷș Ƞȅ Facebook’s horizontal integration, when 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ΛǓǿȠ ǏȅΛǿॹ șȅ ǏǩǏ 2ǿșȠƺǠȖƺǾॹ vǦƺȠș ȒȒॹ ƺǿǏ ƺǹǹ ȠǦǓ ȅȠǦǓȖ șǓȖΚǩǉǓș ȒȖȅΚǩǏǓǏ ǈΡ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷঀ ǓǉƺȣșǓ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ȅΛǿș șȣǉǦ ƺ ǹƺȖǠǓ ȒȅȖȠǩȅǿ ȅǟ ȠǦǓ șȅǉǩƺǹ ǾǓǏǩƺ ǾƺȖǷǓȠॹ ΛǦǓǿ ǩȠ ΛǓǿȠ ǏȅΛǿॹ ƺǹǾȅșȠ ƺǹǹ șȅǉǩƺǹ ǾǓǏǩƺ ΛǓǿȠ ǏȅΛǿॹ ƺǿǏ ȒǓȅȒǹǓ ΛǓȖǓ ǹǓǟȠ ǉȅǿǟȣșǓǏ ȠǦǓ ǾƺȖǷǓȠ ȣǿȠǩǹ ȠǦǓ șȣȒȖǓǾǓ ǉȅȣȖȠ ǏǩșǈƺǿǏǓǏ ǩȠঀ ^ȅǾǓ ȅȠǦǓȖ ǓΠƺǾȒǹǓș ȅǟ ΚǓȖȠǩǉƺǹ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩǓș ǩǿǉǹȣǏǓ ǾƺΦȅǿ ƺǿǏ eƺȖǠǓȠঀ ǾƺΦȅǿ ȅΛǿș ǓΚǓȖΡȠǦǩǿǠ ǟȖȅǾ ȠǦǓ șǓȖΚǓȖș ȅǟ ǩȠș ΛǓǈșǩȠǓș Ƞȅ ȠǦǓ Κƺǿș ȣșǓǏ Ƞȅ

ǏǓǹǩΚǓȖ ǩȠǓǾșॹ ΛǦǩǉǦ ƺǹǹȅΛș ȠǦǓǾ Ƞȅ ȖǓǏȣǉǓ ȒȖǩǉǓș ȅǿ șǦǩȒȒǩǿǠঀ eƺȖǠǓȠ ǈȅȠǦ ȒȖȅǏȣǉǓș ƺǿǏ șǓǹǹș ǠȅȅǏșॹ ΛǦǩǉǦ ǹǓƺǏș Ƞȅ ǹȅΛǓr prices as they don’t have to buy goods from a supplier. Facebook also has some

ǓǹǓǾǓǿȠș ȅǟ ΚǓȖȠǩǉƺǹ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩΦƺȠǩȅǿॹ ƺș ǩȠ Ȗȣǿș ǓΚǓȖΡȠǦǩǿǠ ȅǿ ǩȠș ȅΛǿ șǓȖΚǓȖșॹ ǩǿǉǹȣǏǩǿǠ ȠǦǓ ǏȅȅȖș ǩǿ ȠǦǓ ǈȣǩǹǏǩǿǠșঀ

eǦǩș ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩΦƺȠǩȅǿ ǩș ΛǦƺȠ ǹǓǏ Ƞȅ ȠǦǓ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ȅȣȠƺǠǓ ǈǓǩǿǠ ƺș ǈƺǏ ƺș ǩȠ Λƺșঀ 'ǩȖșȠॹ ȠǦƺǿǷș Ƞȅ

Facebook’s horizontal integration, when 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ΛǓǿȠ ǏȅΛǿॹ șȅ ǏǩǏ 2ǿșȠƺǠȖƺǾॹ vǦƺȠș ȒȒॹ ƺǿǏ ƺǹǹ

ȠǦǓ ȅȠǦǓȖ șǓȖΚǩǉǓș ȒȖȅΚǩǏǓǏ ǈΡ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷঀ ǓǉƺȣșǓ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ȅΛǿș șȣǉǦ ƺ ǹƺȖǠǓ ȒȅȖȠǩȅǿ ȅǟ ȠǦǓ șȅǉǩƺǹ ǾǓǏǩƺ ǾƺȖǷǓȠॹ ΛǦǓǿ ǩȠ ΛǓǿȠ ǏȅΛǿॹ ƺǹǾȅșȠ ƺǹǹ șȅǉǩƺǹ ǾǓǏǩƺ ΛǓǿȠ ǏȅΛǿॹ ƺǿǏ ȒǓȅȒǹǓ ΛǓȖǓ ǹǓǟȠ ǉȅǿǟȣșǓǏ ƺǿǏ ǩșȅǹƺȠǓǏ ΛǦǩǹǓ ȅȠǦǓȖș ΛǓȖǓ ǟȅȖǉǓǏ Ƞȅ ǟǩǿǏ ƺǹȠǓȖǿƺȠǩΚǓșॹ șȣǉǦ ƺș eΛǩȠȠǓȖঀ 2ǟ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ȅΛǿǓǏ ǹǓșș ȅǟ ȠǦǓ ǾƺȖǷǓȠॹ șȣǉǦ ƺș ȅǿǹΡ ȅΛǿǩǿǠ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ƺǿǏ ǿȅȠ 2ǿșȠƺǠȖƺǾ ȅȖ vǦƺȠș ȒȒॹ ȠǦǓǿ ȠǦǓ ȅȣȠƺǠǓ ΛȅȣǹǏ ǦƺΚǓ ǈǓǓǿ ǟƺȖ ǾǩǹǏǓȖ ƺș ȒǓȅȒǹǓ ǉȅȣǹǏ șȠǩǹǹ ǉȅǾǾȣǿǩǉƺȠǓ ȅΚǓȖ ȠǦȅșǓ ȒǹƺȠǟȅȖǾșঀ

But all that still doesn’t explain why it took so long to fix the outage. Usually, such a simple

ǓȖȖȅȖ ǉȅȣǹǏ ǈǓ șȅǹΚǓǏ ǈΡ șǓǿǏǩǿǠ ƺ ǿǓΛ ǉǦƺǿǠǓ Ƞȅ ȠǦǓ ǉȅǿǟǩǠȣȖƺȠǩȅǿ ȠǓǹǹǩǿǠ ȠǦǓ șǓȖΚǓȖș Ƞȅ ǉȅǾǾȣǿǩǉƺȠǓ ƺǠƺǩǿঀ /ȅΛǓΚǓȖॹ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ǩș ΚǓȖȠǩǉƺǹǹΡ ǩǿȠǓǠȖƺȠǓǏॹ ǾǓƺǿǩǿǠ ȠǦƺȠ ǓΚǓȖΡȠǦǩǿǠ ȠǦǓΡ ȣșǓ Ȗȣǿș ȅǿ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ

șǓȖΚǓȖșঀ eǦǩș ǾǓƺǿș ȠǦƺȠ ȠǦǓ ȒȖȅǠȖƺǾ ȠǦƺȠ șǓǿǏș ǾǓșșƺǠǓș Ƞȅ ȠǦǓ șǓȖΚǓȖș Λƺș ǏȅΛǿ ƺǿǏ ǉȅȣǹǏ ǿȅȠ șǓǿǏ ƺ ǿǓΛ ǾǓșșƺǠǓঀ Kǟ ǉȅȣȖșǓॹ ȠǦǓΡ ǉȅȣǹǏ șȠǩǹǹ ǉǦƺǿǠǓ ǩȠ ǾƺǿȣƺǹǹΡ ǟȖȅǾ ȠǦǓ șǓȖΚǓȖ ȖȅȅǾঀ ΠǉǓȒȠ ȠǦǓ

electronic lock on the door runs on Facebook servers, so it’s not working either. But that's alright, ǈǓǉƺȣșǓ ȠǦǓ ǦǓƺǏ ȅǟ șǓǉȣȖǩȠΡ Ǧƺș ƺ ȒǦΡșǩǉƺǹ ǷǓΡ ǟȅȖ ǩǟ ȠǦǓ ǓǹǓǉȠȖȅǿǩǉ ǟƺǩǹșॹ șȅ ȠǦǓ ǓǿǠǩǿǓǓȖș ƺǿǏ

ȠǓǉǦǿǩǉǩƺǿș ǉƺǿ ǉƺǹǹ ȅȖ ȠǓΠȠ ǦǩǾ Ƞȅ ǈȖǩǿǠ ȠǦǓ ǷǓΡș ƺǿǏ ǟǩΠ ǓΚǓȖΡȠǦǩǿǠঀ ΠǉǓȒȠॹ ȠǦǓ ȒȖȅǠȖƺǾ ȠǦǓΡ ȣșǓ Ƞȅ

call and text each other runs on the Facebook servers. Which aren’t working. And so, as a direct result ȅǟ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷঅș ǓΠȠǓǿșǩΚǓ ΚǓȖȠǩǉƺǹ ǩǿȠǓǠȖƺȠǩȅǿॹ ΛǦƺȠ șǦȅȣǹǏ ǦƺΚǓ ǈǓǓǿ ƺǿ ǓƺșΡ ǟǩΠ ȠȅȅǷ șǩΠ ǦȅȣȖșঀ Kǟ ǉȅȣȖșǓॹ ǩǿ ȠǦǓ ǠȖƺǿǏ șǉǦǓǾǓ ȅǟ ȠǦǩǿǠșॹ șȅǉǩƺǹ ǾǓǏǩƺ șǓȖΚǩǉǓș ǈǓǩǿǠ ǏȅΛǿ ƺȖǓ ǿȅȠ

ǉƺȠƺșȠȖȅȒǦǩǉঀ |Ǔșॹ ǉȅǾȒƺǿǩǓș ǾƺΡ ǹȅșǓ ǦȣǿǏȖǓǏș ȅǟ ǏȅǹǹƺȖș ǩǿ ǹȅșȠ ȖǓΚǓǿȣǓ ǟȖȅǾ ƺǏΚǓȖȠǩșǩǿǠ ȅȖ ȖȣǿǿǩǿǠ șǾƺǹǹ ǈȣșǩǿǓșșǓșॹ ǈȣȠ ǈΡ ȠǦǓ ǿǓΠȠ ǾȅȖǿǩǿǠ ƺǹǾȅșȠ ǓΚǓȖΡȠǦǩǿǠ Λƺș ǈƺǉǷ Ƞȅ ǿȅȖǾƺǹঀ eǦǓȖǓ Λƺș ƺ șǾƺǹǹ Facebook outage the following Friday, but nothing major and many didn’t even notice. However,

ǩǾƺǠǩǿǓ ǩǟ ȠǦǩș ǦƺȒȒǓǿǓǏ Ƞȅ ƺ ǏǩǟǟǓȖǓǿȠ ǉȅǾȒƺǿΡ ȅǿ ƺ ǹƺȖǠǓȖ șǉƺǹǓঀ vǦƺȠ ǩǟ ǠȅȅǠǹǓ Λƺș ǏȅΛǿ ƺǿǏ ȒǓȅȒǹǓ couldn’t even google to find out if it’s down? Or what if something goes wrong at EPCOR in the ΛǩǿȠǓȖ ƺǿǏ ȒǓȅȒǹǓ ǹȅșǓ ǓǹǓǉȠȖǩǉǩȠΡ ƺǿǏ Ǡƺșঁ 2Ƞ ǩș ǿȅȠ Ƞȅȅ ǏǩǟǟǩǉȣǹȠ Ƞȅ ǩǾƺǠǩǿǓ șȣǉǦ ƺǿ ǩǿǉǩǏǓǿȠ

ǦƺȒȒǓǿǩǿǠॹ ƺǿǏ ǩȠ ǉȅȣǹǏ ȒȅȠǓǿȠǩƺǹǹΡ ǹǓƺǏ Ƞȅ ǾƺǿΡ ǟƺȠƺǹǩȠǩǓșঀ ^ȅॹ ΛǦǩǹǓ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩǓș ƺȖǓ ǠȖǓƺȠ ǟȅȖ

ǾƺΠǩǾǩΦǩǿǠ ȒȖȅǟǩȠॹ ΛǓ ƺș ǉȅǿșȣǾǓȖș ǿǓǓǏ Ƞȅ ǈǓ ƺΛƺȖǓ ȅǟ ȠǦǓ ȒȅΛǓȖ ȠǦǓΡ ǦȅǹǏॹ ƺǿǏ ȠǦǓ ǏƺǿǠǓȖ ȠǦƺȠ ȒȅΛǓȖ ȒȅșǓș Ƞȅ ȣșঀ

ƺǿǏ ǩșȅǹƺȠǓǏ ΛǦǩǹǓ ȅȠǦǓȖș ΛǓȖǓ ǟȅȖǉǓǏ Ƞȅ ǟǩǿǏ ƺǹȠǓȖǿƺȠǩΚǓșॹ șȣǉǦ ƺș eΛǩȠȠǓȖঀ 2ǟ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ȅΛǿǓǏ ǹǓșș ȅǟ ȠǦǓ ǾƺȖǷǓȠॹ șȣǉǦ ƺș ȅǿǹΡ ȅΛǿǩǿǠ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ƺǿǏ ǿȅȠ 2ǿșȠƺǠȖƺǾ ȅȖ vǦƺȠș ȒȒॹ ȠǦǓǿ ȠǦǓ ȅȣȠƺǠǓ ΛȅȣǹǏ ǦƺΚǓ ǈǓǓǿ ǟƺȖ ǾǩǹǏǓȖ ƺș ȒǓȅȒǹǓ ǉȅȣǹǏ șȠǩǹǹ ǉȅǾǾȣǿǩǉƺȠǓ ȅΚǓȖ ȠǦȅșǓ ȒǹƺȠǟȅȖǾșঀ But all that still doesn’t explain why it took so long to fix the outage. Usually, such a simple ǓȖȖȅȖ ǉȅȣǹǏ ǈǓ șȅǹΚǓǏ ǈΡ șǓǿǏǩǿǠ ƺ ǿǓΛ ǉǦƺǿǠǓ Ƞȅ ȠǦǓ ǉȅǿǟǩǠȣȖƺȠǩȅǿ ȠǓǹǹǩǿǠ ȠǦǓ șǓȖΚǓȖș Ƞȅ ǉȅǾǾȣǿǩǉƺȠǓ ƺǠƺǩǿঀ /ȅΛǓΚǓȖॹ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ ǩș ΚǓȖȠǩǉƺǹǹΡ ǩǿȠǓǠȖƺȠǓǏॹ ǾǓƺǿǩǿǠ ȠǦƺȠ ǓΚǓȖΡȠǦǩǿǠ ȠǦǓΡ ȣșǓ Ȗȣǿș ȅǿ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷ șǓȖΚǓȖșঀ eǦǩș ǾǓƺǿș ȠǦƺȠ ȠǦǓ ȒȖȅǠȖƺǾ ȠǦƺȠ șǓǿǏș ǾǓșșƺǠǓș Ƞȅ ȠǦǓ șǓȖΚǓȖș Λƺș ǏȅΛǿ ƺǿǏ ǉȅȣǹǏ ǿȅȠ șǓǿǏ ƺ ǿǓΛ ǾǓșșƺǠǓঀ Kǟ ǉȅȣȖșǓॹ ȠǦǓΡ ǉȅȣǹǏ șȠǩǹǹ ǉǦƺǿǠǓ ǩȠ ǾƺǿȣƺǹǹΡ ǟȖȅǾ ȠǦǓ șǓȖΚǓȖ ȖȅȅǾঀ ΠǉǓȒȠ ȠǦǓ electronic lock on the door runs on Facebook servers, so it’s not working either. But that's alright, ǈǓǉƺȣșǓ ȠǦǓ ǦǓƺǏ ȅǟ șǓǉȣȖǩȠΡ Ǧƺș ƺ ȒǦΡșǩǉƺǹ ǷǓΡ ǟȅȖ ǩǟ ȠǦǓ ǓǹǓǉȠȖȅǿǩǉ ǟƺǩǹșॹ șȅ ȠǦǓ ǓǿǠǩǿǓǓȖș ƺǿǏ ȠǓǉǦǿǩǉǩƺǿș ǉƺǿ ǉƺǹǹ ȅȖ ȠǓΠȠ ǦǩǾ Ƞȅ ǈȖǩǿǠ ȠǦǓ ǷǓΡș ƺǿǏ ǟǩΠ ǓΚǓȖΡȠǦǩǿǠঀ ΠǉǓȒȠॹ ȠǦǓ ȒȖȅǠȖƺǾ ȠǦǓΡ ȣșǓ Ƞȅ call and text each other runs on the Facebook servers. Which aren’t working. And so, as a direct result ȅǟ 'ƺǉǓǈȅȅǷঅș ǓΠȠǓǿșǩΚǓ ΚǓȖȠǩǉƺǹ ǩǿȠǓǠȖƺȠǩȅǿॹ ΛǦƺȠ șǦȅȣǹǏ ǦƺΚǓ ǈǓǓǿ ƺǿ ǓƺșΡ ǟǩΠ ȠȅȅǷ șǩΠ ǦȅȣȖșঀ Kǟ ǉȅȣȖșǓॹ ǩǿ ȠǦǓ ǠȖƺǿǏ șǉǦǓǾǓ ȅǟ ȠǦǩǿǠșॹ șȅǉǩƺǹ ǾǓǏǩƺ șǓȖΚǩǉǓș ǈǓǩǿǠ ǏȅΛǿ ƺȖǓ ǿȅȠ ǉƺȠƺșȠȖȅȒǦǩǉঀ |Ǔșॹ ǉȅǾȒƺǿǩǓș ǾƺΡ ǹȅșǓ ǦȣǿǏȖǓǏș ȅǟ ǏȅǹǹƺȖș ǩǿ ǹȅșȠ ȖǓΚǓǿȣǓ ǟȖȅǾ ƺǏΚǓȖȠǩșǩǿǠ ȅȖ ȖȣǿǿǩǿǠ șǾƺǹǹ ǈȣșǩǿǓșșǓșॹ ǈȣȠ ǈΡ ȠǦǓ ǿǓΠȠ ǾȅȖǿǩǿǠ ƺǹǾȅșȠ ǓΚǓȖΡȠǦǩǿǠ Λƺș ǈƺǉǷ Ƞȅ ǿȅȖǾƺǹঀ eǦǓȖǓ Λƺș ƺ șǾƺǹǹ Facebook outage the following Friday, but nothing major and many didn’t even notice. However, ǩǾƺǠǩǿǓ ǩǟ ȠǦǩș ǦƺȒȒǓǿǓǏ Ƞȅ ƺ ǏǩǟǟǓȖǓǿȠ ǉȅǾȒƺǿΡ ȅǿ ƺ ǹƺȖǠǓȖ șǉƺǹǓঀ vǦƺȠ ǩǟ ǠȅȅǠǹǓ Λƺș ǏȅΛǿ ƺǿǏ ȒǓȅȒǹǓ couldn’t even google to find out if it’s down? Or what if something goes wrong at EPCOR in the ΛǩǿȠǓȖ ƺǿǏ ȒǓȅȒǹǓ ǹȅșǓ ǓǹǓǉȠȖǩǉǩȠΡ ƺǿǏ Ǡƺșঁ 2Ƞ ǩș ǿȅȠ Ƞȅȅ ǏǩǟǟǩǉȣǹȠ Ƞȅ ǩǾƺǠǩǿǓ șȣǉǦ ƺǿ ǩǿǉǩǏǓǿȠ ǦƺȒȒǓǿǩǿǠॹ ƺǿǏ ǩȠ ǉȅȣǹǏ ȒȅȠǓǿȠǩƺǹǹΡ ǹǓƺǏ Ƞȅ ǾƺǿΡ ǟƺȠƺǹǩȠǩǓșঀ ^ȅॹ ΛǦǩǹǓ ǾȅǿȅȒȅǹǩǓș ƺȖǓ ǠȖǓƺȠ ǟȅȖ ǾƺΠǩǾǩΦǩǿǠ ȒȖȅǟǩȠॹ ΛǓ ƺș ǉȅǿșȣǾǓȖș ǿǓǓǏ Ƞȅ ǈǓ ƺΛƺȖǓ ȅǟ ȠǦǓ ȒȅΛǓȖ ȠǦǓΡ ǦȅǹǏॹ ƺǿǏ ȠǦǓ ǏƺǿǠǓȖ ȠǦƺȠ ȒȅΛǓȖ ȒȅșǓș Ƞȅ ȣșঀ

MOST RECENT READ

YOLK

MARY H.K. CHOI

BREANNE'S SEPTEMBER READ

THOUGHTS & OPINIONS WARNING: THERE MAY BE SPOILERS

"Yolk" follows the story of two sisters who are nothing alike. Though they have moved from Seoul to San Antonio to New York together they have recently wanted nothing to do with each other. That is, until one sister falls ill and they have no choice to help each other out by swapping identities and finding support through their family.

TW: DISORDERED EATING, MENTAL ILLNESS, CANCER

WHEN I FIRST BEGAN READING THIS BOOK I THOUGHT, "WHEN WILL THIS END." I WAS CONSTANTLY LOOKING AT THE PAGE NUMBERS AND DREADING CONTINUING. IT WASN'T UNTIL I REALIZED THAT THE MUNDANENESS OF THE BOOK ACTUALLY EMPHASIZED JAYNE'S LIFE AND STRUGGLES WITH MENTAL ILLNESS. THERE WAS NO GLORIFICATION OF ILLNESS AND THERE WAS ALSO NO SUGAR COATING WHAT LIFE IS LIKE WHEN YOU ARE AT ROCK BOTTOM. FOR THAT, I APPRECIATED THIS STORY. ONE OTHER THING THAT ESPECIALLY STOOD OUT TO ME WAS THE ENDING. THE STORY FOLLOWS JAYNE AND JUNE SUPPORTING EACH OTHER AS JUNE BEGINS RECEIVING TREATMENT FOR CANCER. THE LAST CHAPTER STARTS WITH JUNE GOING INTO SURGERY AND ENDS BEFORE THE AUDIENCE KNOWS WHAT HAPPENS TO HER. AT FIRST THIS DISAPPOINTED ME BUT THEN I REALIZED THAT JUNE'S HEALTH IS NOT THE POINT OF THE STORY. RATHER, WHAT WAS IMPORTANT WAS THAT THE TWO SISTERS REUNITED AND SUPPORTED EACH OTHER AND EVEN BEGAN SPEAKING TO THEIR PARENTS. THUS MAKING THE OVERALL THEME OF THE STORY, NAVIGATING FAMILY.

WHAT DID OTHERS HAVE TO SAY ABOUT YOLK? POLINA REISBIG'S THOUGHTS:

YOLK SHOWED ME THE UGLY SIDE OF MENTAL ILLNESS THAT PEOPLE DO NOT TALK ABOUT. I THINK THIS BOOK HAD AN ACCURATE PORTRAYAL OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND THE STRUGGLES OF FINDING HELP, BUT I WISH IT SHOWED THE LONG ROAD OF RECOVERY. I LIKED HOW THE READER WAS NESTLED INTO JAYNES HEAD AND WE SAW THE INNER WORKINGS OF HER THOUGHTS AND ACTIONS. IN THE END THIS BOOKS MESSAGE RINGS CLEAR; THAT THAT IT IS NEVER TOO LATE TO REACH OUT FOR HELP.

HOLLY CLARK'S THOUGHTS:

The biggest thing I took away from Yolk was the message about family. I cried when the mother walked in to the hospital room, and thought about my own mother. Though we definitely have our differences, I know she has so much love in her heart for me. The writing of the two sisters was painfully accurate (the bickering was on point), no matter how long my sisters and I go without seeing each other, we always slip right back into our childish fighting and teasing, and it was crystal clear that Choi was writing from personal experience. I also loved reading some Asian representation, and it felt so refreshing to gain some insight into an Asian family and their traditions. 34

HOW THE BOOK CLUB WORKS: 1.Get the book of the Month 2.Read! 3.Submit your thoughts and opinion of the book for a chance to be featured in the next edition of "Breanne's Book Nook" 4. Keep an eye out for a new book every month 5. Repeat!

SUBMIT YOUR THOUGHTS HERE

THIS MONTHS READ

THE SEVEN HUSBANDS OF EVELYN HUGO

TAYLOR JENKINS REID A PUBLICIST HAS BEEN CHOSEN BY THE HOLLYWOOD STAR, EVELYN HUGO, TO REPORT ON THE FUNDRAISER THAT SHE IS HOSTING. HOWEVER WHEN MONIQUE COMES TO EVELYN HUGO'S HOME SHE IS TOLD THAT SHE IS ACTUALLY GOING TO BE WRITING AND SELLING HER BIOGRAPHY. EVELYN HUGO TAKES MONIQUE THROUGH THE UPS AND DOWNS OF HER LIFE AS A HOLLYWOOD STAR AND REVEALS INFORMATION ABOUT HER SECRETS, LOVE LIFE, FRIENDSHIPS AND MORE. 35

CanLEAD

Canadian Leadership, Engineering, & Design Conference

NOVEMBER 13 - 14, 2021

INNOVATION FOR TOMORROW

ABOUT Audience

Overview canLEAD seeks to unite students nationwide through innovation, design, and engineering. Our mission is to provide students with a place to grow, find connections, and develop skills that will help them discover new opportunities throughout their careers. Conceptualized amid virtual learning, social isolation, and intellectual disconnect, canLEAD is the culmination of the design and professional development goals of the UofA Engineering Students' Society (ESS) and UBC Design League. Over two days, canLEAD will allow students to explore their passions through competitions, workshops, professional development seminars, and more. Discover new topics and question what you already know in our industry talks while networking with students, leaders, and professionals across Canada.

canLEAD is open to students and early industry professionals from all disciplines but is targeted at those interested in engineering, industrial design, and architecture. We welcome leaders and innovators from all across Canada.

Date & Venue Join us virtually on November 13th and 14th, 2021, to connect with your peers and explore the innovation of tomorrow. Links will be shared with all registrants in an official schedule package closer to the conference date.

Cost FREE

For more information and to register for the event, go to:

www.essualberta.ca/canlead 37

Delaney MacIntosh UofA ESS ,VP External

Program: 3rd year Civil Engineering

students, and even showing our younger audiences that there is a place for them in engineering, the most important thing we can do as students is promote our love for innovation and engineering to the community.

Q: Why did you establish canLEAD? A: Early in my term as VP External, I was brainstorming ways to connect students authentically (the founding goal of CanLEAD). I decided to reach out to a friend of mine at UBC to gauge competition interest at other schools. He happened to be part of a brand new student group called the UBC Design League, with whom we are now co-hosting the event! In terms of the root of the idea, I feel fortunate to be so immersed in the engineering community and to have been exposed to so many different people and opportunities. I truly would not be here without the support of various student leaders and staff throughout the Faculty and the unique experiences that connected me to different areas of engineering. I feel that events such as canLEAD provide a unique opportunity to unite diverse groups of people to bring new experiences to students and help connect our Faculty to the local community and beyond. There are so many possibilities to connect with professionals in our local and even global communities to expand our understanding of what engineering is. From technical projects to collaboration with other Canadian engineering

Q: Which event are you most excited about? Honestly, it's tough to pick just one event with so many unique workshops, competition categories, and speakers sharing their 'engineering stories'. If I had to pick just one, I would say the project display. I attended a biomedical research conference last year and was inspired by their format. Different breakout sessions were organized by topic, and researchers were then sorted into a room where they spoke about their work for ~5 minutes. My hope with the project display is to mimic more formal conferences I've seen in a lowstakes setting for students to share their work and learn from others across Canada. I really enjoy the research work I do and love hearing about what friends in other fields are studying, so I figured at least a handful of other students would as well. We have been working with other design leagues and student groups across Canada to organize and promote the event, so I am also just really excited to see how it may develop for years to come!

Mina Freeman

UBC Design League, President Program: 4th year Integrated Engineering

Q: What inspired you to get involved with canLEAD? A: Delaney reached out to my team, the UBC Design League, with a collaborative effort idea: a national engineering and design related conference! This is the first year of the UBC chapter of Design League and my first year of involvement with it so we were already in the process of trying to put together the club but this opportunity seemed too good to pass. How amazing would it be to host a competitions for university students across Canada! We could have workshops, competitions, design/research showcases, speakers, and more. Throughout my involvement in UBC Design League and canLEAD I’ve learned that it’s actually quite difficult to make something out of nothing. The vision comes with time and the more you put your heart into it the more it becomes clear what to do, in what order, and how to prioritize tasks. I’ve learnt a lot from being on the organizing side of things so I’m sure the participants will greatly benefit too.

Q: Which event are you most excited about? A: I’m mostly looking forward to the minidesignathon because I love designathons and making design challenges to be solved.

The concept of designathons started from a group of students in McMaster university about 6 years ago who thought to themselves: “Hackathons are a great way for compsci students to get experience and compete, but what about the students who are visually oriented and care more about mechanical design & CAD rather than code…hey I got an idea! Why don’t we make something like that?”. After graduation, these founders have formed the National Design League which hosts a national competition for the winners of university-based designathons to compete for ultimate glory and more 3D-printers! This competition idea has taken off and expanded across universities in Ontario, and recently the west coast through the involvement of UBC and UofCalgary. It’s obvious that the demand for it is great; so we just have to deliver and meet expectations. The format of a designathon is similar to that of a hackathon: working non-stop on a challenge with your team, presenting your idea, and winning prizes. Designathon competitions take place in design leagues across Canada every year and through this mini-designathon event in canLEAD, we’re hoping to interest students to learn more about CAD, gain 3D modelling experience, and potentially participate in a full- designathon.

Christie Leung

UBC Design League, Member Program: 1st year Sciences

Q: What are your career goals, and how will canLEAD help you achieve them? A: In the future, I plan to work in the software engineering fields. I think that canLEAD is a great opportunity to challenge ourselves, get exposure to these fields, and learn from industry professionals through workshops. So I'm very excited for you all to participate in this event and have some fun!

Tarush Raiwani

UofA ESS, Director of Competitions Program: 4th year Mechanical Engineering

Q: Why did you get involved with canLEAD? A: I wanted to be part of a conference that allows people to think different, be creative and innovate. I am looking forward to all the workshops and competitions, especially the design challenge! Q: What are your career goals? A: Product designer and innovator.

HOW DO I REGISTER? Scan the QR Code below to find our Competition & Conference Schedules as well as the Registration Links!

www.essualberta.ca/canlead

THIS JOURNAL BELONGS TO

LUCY LOOSELIPS xoxo

The Unexpected *Attempted* Assasination You’d think being a Vice President of the ESS was a relatively safe job. Well, that's where you are wrong my friend. When signing your life away to Adrian, I mean the ESS, you also agree to the occasional attempt of assasination. First Faryal, now Johnny Lee. Let me paint the picture... On September 10th 2021 when the Engineering Carnival just wrapped up, Johnny Lee, Co-VP of Internal made his way into the Mechanical Engineering Building. While on his way to the Moose Lodge to buy a $5 ticket to the Welcome Back Bash, happy and unsuspecting of the fate that was about to befall on him, Johnny Lee excitedly skipped on into the club room. As he skipped in, he took a deep breath of the MecE boy odour and handed Chris, one of the MecE club presidents, his money.

Although Chris was busy shaking something, he was still very excited to see the money...a typical engineering students’ personality trait. Johnny hands him the money and asks Chris to double check that the amount was correct. In response, Chris traded the money in Johnny’s hand for the bottle that he was just vigorously shaking. “Keep shaking it,” Chris said eagerly. Johnny, unaware of any danger, accepted the funny looking olive green, small, football shaped bottle and continued the vigorous shaking. Chris menacingly began counting the money “1...2...3…” Before anybody could register what happened, there was a loud boom. Everything went white, ceiling tiles started crashing down, ears were ringing and Johnny claimed to see a figure that represented Faryal Faisal. As Johnny looked down at his hand, he noticed blood everywhere and brown liquid all over what was once a crisp white outfit. All the mechanical students stopped eating their 50 cent ice cream sandwiches and stared blankly at Johnny.

The bottle that Chris handed him had blown up and while it had failed to take all of Johnny, it had succeeded in taking one of his hands. Everything that happened next was a blur. They would have bandaged his hand, but it wasn't there, so they bandaged the remains. As a form of apology they put an ice cream sandwich in his solo hand, and sent him on his way. Though an apology was sent in the form of ice cream, too much damage had been done. The message had been sent. The Mechanical Engineering Club had tried to assassinate half of the ESS Internal team.

xoxo

LUCY LOOSELIPS

The Writing on the Walls Mariko Gardiner A traveller sits around a fire as the sun goes beneath the horizon, a small crowd gathered around him. As the shadows flicker across his face, he begins to tell a story. “Many years ago, there was a boy with all the fearlessness of youth. This boy was on his way to visit a small village, as he was accustomed to doing at this time of year. As he drew closer to the village, however, something seemed off. He couldn’t see the smoke coming from the chimneys or lights in the windows, although it was going to be dark soon. However, he thought nothing of it and continued on his way, until he reached the village itself. “As he approached the village, a knot tied itself in his stomach as he scanned the deserted streets. There was no one out, and all the doors were closed. He approached one of the houses and knocked, but there was no answer. As the sun sunk ever further towards the horizon, he tried another house. However, as he raised a hand to knock, something caught his eye. On the wall of the house was a message written in red. Someone help me, I can’t r…. The writing quickly devolved into meaningless scribbles, but not far away, he found another message in a similar hue Don’t let it catch you. It comes when the sun goes down. It comes and it steals you This time, the writing stopped abruptly, with a sharp line coming off the last r. The boy, whose name was Jorge, saw an open door. No, not open, gone. Entering the house, Jorge quickly found the door lying on the floor of the living room. Quickly searching the place, he found signs of a hasty escape, overturned furniture and half packed bags, but no people. As he looked through the bedrooms, he saw a shattered window, broken from the inside, and not too far away a crib. Looking into the crib, he found a little body, not breathing, half rotted. Jorge ran out of the house retching. Thoroughly disturbed, he steeled himself and headed towards his original destination. On the way, he saw the

same red writing on more walls. Each time, the handwriting was different, but the messages were the same Help me, I’m Losing Myself Who Am I? He saw those two phrases over and over again. Then another message caught his eye. It came in the dark. Don’t let it catch you. It makes you lose… “Jorge continued on resolutely, determined to reach his grandmothers house even as the sky became dark. He had come to bring her supplies for the long winter ahead, as he did every year, and every year he found her with a fire burning and supper prepared for him. However, as he walked to her house, passing as many doorless houses as firmly closed now, he feared the worst. And, indeed, as he walked up her road, her door was wide open. “Suddenly, a hand grabbed him from behind. He whirled around to see a small girl, no more than 16. She gestured for him to follow and pulled him into a small hiding place between houses. “’Who are you? What’s happening?’ he asked, questions tumbling out one after the other without waiting for a response. The girl shook her head silently and put a finger to her lips. She passed him a piece of paper that looked as though it had hastily been torn out of a book. Find Jorge. He’s the last of us. He has to live to tell the stories. “’But I’m Jorge!’ He nearly yelled as the girl clamped her hand over her mouth. She looked at him with fear, and Jorge shut up. “In the silence, Jorge suddenly heard a noise. It was a slap-slap-slap kind of noise, almost like footsteps on a rainy day, but the gait was all off. Looking at the girl and her wide eyes, it was obvious she heard it too. ‘What is that?’ he asked her. In response she shook her head and opened her mouth, where the stump of a tongue resided. ‘You can’t talk.’ She nodded, then frantically put her finger to her mouth as the noise got louder and louder. The girl pointed to herself, the pointed down the road. She then pointed to Jorge and pointed at his grandmothers open house. Then she ran. “As she ran, Jorge heard the noise come closer, until it sounded like it was just outside the hiding spot, then fade away. As it faded away, he ran into his grandmother’s house and closed the door, locked it, and barricaded it with chairs. As he was raiding the furniture, he noticed his name on a piece of paper:

Dear Jorge I hope you are not reading this. I hope you were waylaid, or that you had a rough harvest and have nothing to bring. I hope your mother was sick and your neighbor was sent instead. Anything would be better than you coming. But if you are reading this, it’s too late, you are here. She sent a monster to come and take us. It doesn’t kill, but it leaves an empty husk behind. It eats memories but leaves the body unharmed except a single puncture wound where it strikes. Don’t let it get you, or all will be lost. Stay here until the sun rises. You will hear people crying for help, you will see people dying on the streets. Don’t open the door, don’t help them, they are already gone. The only thing left to do is live, so that you can tell their stories, and the stories of all the things I have told you. They are all true, and she will do anything to have them forgotten. When the sun rises, run. Keep moving, so she cannot find you. Never stop running. And tell the stories. It is a heavy burden, but I’m afraid you are the only one left to bear it. “Having read this, Jorge proceeded to follow her instructions exactly. He kept the door shut when he heard knocking, even when it turned into begging for help, begging him to tell them who they are. He looked out the window once and saw the villagers wandering around, all in a panic but with no direction. They were wasting away, dying from the inside out without any awareness of themselves. He saw the girl who had saved his life, but now here eyes were empty, and there was a large gash across hand. “He closed the windows and stayed until the sun had risen. When the sun rose, he ran, as his grandmother had instructed, first quickly, but then at a walk. He kept on running, staying in a different village every night, telling stories as he went. I still am.” The crowd disperses after he finished, off to go about their lives, but if someone stayed and looked at the traveller, they might think that he was crying. But, of course, no one stays, and no one sees, except the traveller alone.

NOVEMBER National Novel Writing Month

Below are some prompts/ideas: Write a story about a world where it was scientifically proven whether or not god/s exist. How does it affect people's morals and goals? Is it better or worse? Stories are a great way to explore themes like this because you can decide what's true, regardless of reality. There is a society beneath the ocean, far deeper than we’ve ever seen, whose citizens are divided into two groups. One group follows the principle of constant motion, moving forward without looking back. The other follows an ideology of the smallness of all things, letting issues pass them by as nothing is important. These two constantly clash, until outside forces threaten to tear apart the entire society.

All I ever wanted was to escape the horrifying ordeal of being known.

I heard a story once, and it was the most amazing story I ever heard. It told the whole sum of the human experience.

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