SPARKS Magazine Summer 2020

SUMMER 2020

YOUR CLASSROOM COMPANION

INSIDE...

SPECIAL FEATURE: APPRENTICE OF THE YEAR WHAT’S IN YOUR TOOLBAG? WITH RYAN DAVIS

THE SEARCH FOR THE 2020 WINNER IS HOTTING UP!

THE ONLY MAGAZINE FOR STUDENT & APPRENTICE ELECTRICIANS

#SPARKSA0Y20

HALL OF SHAME

Available now!

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EDITOR: PHIL WILKINSON-JONES phil.wj@sng-publishing.co.uk DIGITAL EDITOR: TOM TRACEY tom.tracey@sng-publishing.co.uk GRAPHIC DESIGNER: LEE OWEN design@sng-publishing.co.uk ADVERTISING: PATRICK BLORE patrick.blore@sng-publishing.co.uk

An unexpected start to the year!

T

he SPARKS Apprentice of the Year competition saw some exceptional electrical talent in the first seven regional heats. The current situation means we have had to delay the competition’s first-ever visit to Scotland and the Final.

EVENT MANAGER: EMILY HILTON emily.hilton@sng-publishing.co.uk MANAGING DIRECTOR: ZOE TANNER zoe.tanner@sng-publishing.co.uk TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTOR: Mike Davies PRINTERS Stephens & George, Wales

GENERAL ENQUIRIES To subscribe to SPARKS Magazine call 0121 606 3016 or subscribe online at www.sparks-magazine.co.uk

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Although SNG has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of this publication, it does not verify any claims or other information appearing in the advertisements contained in SPARKS Magazine. It therefore cannot accept any responsibility whatsoever for consequences that may arise from the content or artwork contained in SPARKS Magazine, including any errors or omissions or any opinions or advice given therein.

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Hence the front cover silhouette showcasing some of the incredible competitors throughout the competition so far.

We WILL be back to finish the competition as soon as we can, so stay tuned to our website and social media to find out when that will be and who will be crowned the 2020 winner!

The coronavirus situation has affected the whole country.

With manufacturers and wholesalers donating products and PPE to help the NHS fight the pandemic - the industry is playing its part in helping to get the country back on its feet.

With colleges closed for weeks and all-but-essential electrical work postponed, the industry has adapted offering plenty of places you can go online to top up your training and enhance your knowledge.

Head to our website for all the latest on the situation and find tons of educational resources including video tutorials, quizzes, mental health advice and more - and don't forget to follow us on social media to stay in the loop.

Stay safe and see you soon.

Phil Wilkinson-Jones Editor

SEARCH FOR SPARKS MAGAZINE

© SNG Publishing Ltd, 2020

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SPARKS I SU MME R 2 0 2 0 I E D I TO R ' S N OT E

FEATURES 02 Editor’s Note 04

News

08

13

05 Digital column & #FixPix 07

20 Questions with Kirsty Johnson

08 SPARKS Apprentice of the Year 2020 10

Stay safe in lockdown

11 Ventilation 101 13

29

Top tips for installing electric showers

16 The ECS Card 17

Hand tools you can rely on

18 What’s a Mini AFDD? 19

Lose the screws - go screwless!

20 Wiring a dimmable driver 22

What’s in your toolbag? with Ryan Davis

24 Test your knowledge: False alarms!

26

Test your knowledge: Smart home

17

34

28 Getting smart!

29

AM2: Preparation is key

30 Test your knowledge: Lightning protection 32

Spot the difference

33 SPARKS Learner of the Month 34

Hall of Shame

EXERCISES

22

39 Fire safety 40

Smart home tech

42 Home automation 44

Wiring accessories

46 General electrical knowledge 47

Matching units and quantities

48 Electro-technical questions 49

Wordsearch

CONTENTS C ON T E N T S I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

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TIMES T H E

L A T E S T

N E W S

F R O M

T H E

E L E C T R I C A L

Schneider Electric donates materials to college

I N D U S T R Y

End point assessments paused

B

ESA has suspended the delivery of End Point Assessments (EPA) for apprentices during the Coronavirus pandemic.

EPAs include a practical assessment of the apprentice’s work, which is not realistic during the lockdown and with social distancing rules in place. An alternative to the practical element was considered, but this was deemed not possible by the awarding bodies, Open Awards and IfATE (Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Training).

EV tax break

I

S

chneider Electric has donated Easy9 products to Weston College in Weston-Super-Mare. The donation of five pallets will allow the college to stop using outdated 16th Edition boards, improve the quality of student learning and the delivery of qualifications.

nstallers could soon find themselves putting in a lot more EV charging points for businesses.

Businesses buying or leasing electric company cars in the next 12 months are to get a tax break. Those choosing an electric car worth less than £40,000 before 5 April 2021 will pay no benefit-in-kind tax. And in 2021/22 there will be only a 1% charge.

“It’s vital we train our next generation of electricians with the skills they’ll need,” said Sean Miller, Electrician Programme Manager at Schneider Electric.

“With increasing budget cuts to education, we feel it’s our duty to help electrical engineers in their careers by providing contemporary equipment.”

JTL announces college partnership

J

TL has announced a partnership with Central Bedfordshire College. The partnership will focus on the delivery of electrical and plumbing apprenticeships and will be taught in the Incuba part of the college. It will consist of both classroom and workshop-based learning.

Ali Hadawi, Central Bedfordshire College Principal, said: “By working collaboratively in sharing resources and great practice, the college and JTL can collectively offer skills,

Each apprentice will be allocated a dedicated JTL Training Officer, who will assist them through their learning process, as well as providing support to employers who have a JTL apprentice attending the college.

04

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I N E WS

training solutions and opportunities that meet the skills gap in this area.

“We can offer employers and prospective employees real support in more ways than ever before.”

DIGITAL COLUMN

BY TOM TRACEY, DIGITAL EDITOR

Social media is a great way to keep in touch with others in the industry - share photos of your best work or get involved in fun challenges!

Tradespeople have been getting involved in the #DontRush challenge, while we launched the #SelfIsolationInspiration challenge asking sparkies to tell us what they’ve been doing with their spare time that they’d been putting off - some were cleaning and organising their toolbags, while Nick Bundy (@n_bundy_electrical) planned to fully renovate his ‘awful’ utility room!

With the current situation, it’s a safe bet that your screen time has gone up on your phone (I know mine has!)

Colleges closed for weeks on end, lots of electrical work put on hold - for apprentices, learners, lecturers and bosses, the reliance on the digital world for learning and content is bigger than ever.

There are lots of places you can visit to top up your training and ensure you aren’t rusty when you’re back on the tools.

Many brands have free videos or training to help you swot up on your skills - check out the social media of your favourites to see what they can offer.

GET IN TOUCH!

#FIXPIX

Everyone loves a good wiring pic. If you’ve worked on something epic, make sure you take a photo and tag us on social media with #FixPix so that you can get the recognition you deserve!

SPARKSMagazineUK #F I X PI X I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

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Best bit of free merch you’ve received? and tees Some amazing hoodies ear rkw from Stonebridge Wo

QUESTIONS Kirsty Johnson, 19, is a second-year electrical apprentice based in County Durham. She works mostly in the domestic sector in the areas of maintenance, testing and inspection.

What is your favourite smell?

Cinnamon candles Best holiday destinatio n?

Thailand

?

Favourite tool rs .K CombiCutte Has to be my C

do on the job?

Least favourite task to ts or insulation Anything that involves lof

Most useful su perpower for an electric ian?

X-ray vision… to find those hidden cables with ease

If you could ta ke only three items to a desert island, what would th ey be?

My phone, my glasses and so me factor 50 sun cream

What’s the best packed lunch combo?

Tandoori chicken sandwic h and ready salted crisps

What’s your go-to karao ke song?

Sweet Caroline

Biggest influence on yo ur career?

My mam. Really support ed me when I decided to go int oa male-dominated industry

ician, If you weren’t an electr ? be u yo what would job in a y da tur I used to have a Sa resser ird ha a hair salon, so maybe

ssiest on-site?

Which trade is the me but if you ask I would say the joiners, great pride in everyone else they take saying electricians!

What is the last complim ent you received?

It was a message to my Instagram page from a young girl looking to sta rt getting into the trade and my page had made her feel more confident about going int o the industry

07

H IP I WINTE R 2 0 2 0 I 2 0 Q UE S T IO N S

Favourite fast food restaura nt?

As a northern girl it’s gotta be Greggs

Tell us something you think everyone should do at least once in their lives?

Sky dive! Haven’t done it myself but looking to get book ed up for a charity dive soon

Scariest thing you’ve ever done?

I’m a bit of a wimp so I get freaked out working in remote properties in the dark

er had?

Worst haircut you’ve ev ssors to sci my k too Probably when I r! fou s wa I it when

?

Top five items on a fry-up wns, Sausage, egg, hash bro ! bacon and maple syrup

Last book you read cover-to-cover?

The Regs! It’s really hard to keep a straight face when saying that… hahaha!

@the_female_spark

If you could have any an imal as a pet, what would you have?

An alpaca!

APPRENTICE OF THE YEAR 2020 MEET THE FINALISTS

The competition kicked off in January and the learners who competed did brilliantly. Our first-ever Scottish heat and the Final had to be postponed because of you-know-what – but we'll pick up where we left off as soon as we can!

ALEX RENDALL BRIDGWATER & TAUNTON COLLEGE SOUTH WEST WINNER

KAIDEN ASHUN CARDIFF AND VALE COLLEGE WALES WINNER

GEORGIA OWENS MIDDLESBROUGH COLLEGE NORTH EAST WINNER

Alex said he was “overwhelmed” to win at the third time of trying. “It makes all the hard work worthwhile. The test was difficult – the timings, trying to get things right, it’s a bit of a juggling act but it’s been good.” Alex’s assessor, Gary Lawrence, said: “I’m very pleased. It takes practice to get to these high positions and he’s worked very hard the last three years.”

“I feel ecstatic,” said Kaiden on being named winner of the Welsh heat, “it’s been a really good experience. The test was challenging, it was difficult at times but you’ve got to power through and I got there in the end.” Kaiden’s lecturer Geoff Shaw, said: “He’s a pretty good student, to be fair. Now it’s time to keep working hard and get ready for the final.”

Georgia said she was “really happy” to win the North East heat of SPARKS Apprentice of the Year – the first competition she’d entered. “Once I’d calmed down it was really good fun,” she said.

Georgia’s instructor Iain Perkins said: “I’m really proud of her, she’s one of the best.”

LUCAS MURGATROYD KIRKLEES COLLEGE

NORTH WEST WINNER

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SPARKS I SU MME R 2 0 2 0 I AOY 2 0 2 0

After winning the North West heat, Lucas said: “It’s my second time doing it and I think I smashed it to be fair.

I was happy with myself and it was a good experience.” His assessor Ryan Winstanley said: “I’m pleased for him, he’s a good lad and has worked really hard at college. He deserves it.”

W

e had a fantastic time at the SPARKS Apprentice of the Year regional heats and saw some outstanding work from the learners taking part.

Our eighth finalist and overall Apprentice of the Year are yet to be decided as our first-ever Scottish heat and the Grand Final had to be postponed. We can’t wait to get the competition going again and to see all our regional winners at the Schneider Electric’s Innovation Hub in Coventry for the final.

In the meantime, we’re celebrating the winners of seven closely-fought heats. These learners have already secured a place in the final as well as an impressive haul of prizes. We’d also like to thank our head judges, Alan Redford and Geoff Brittain of NAPIT, for their help and expertise throughout the competition.

Official Tool Sponsor

“We would like to thank our sponsors for their continued support”

ARKADIUSZ DUDA LEEDS COLLEGE OF BUILDING MIDLANDS WINNER

“I feel happy and proud of myself,” said Arkadiusz after his win, adding that he’s been studying electrics for five years but had never entered a competition before. Lecturer Tony Emeny said: “I’m dead chuffed – you won’t believe how good I feel! Arkadiusz has done a really good job and I’m so proud.”

ISAAC DUFFIELD NORWICH COLLEGE SOUTH EAST WINNER

Isaac said: “I can’t believe I’ve done it, I’m thrilled.

The test was challenging but I kept calm and I think that’s what’s won it for me. I’ve seen the standard of the other work and didn’t think I would win – I’m over the moon!” Isaac’s lecturer Mark Watling said: “He’s really applied himself this year, he’s got an eye for detail and that’s been evident today.”

CONAL MCCRISSICAN SOUTH EASTERN REGIONAL COLLEGE NORTHERN IRELAND WINNER

SCOTLAND

Official Van Sponsor

Conal said he was “feeling good” after winning the Northern Ireland heat, dropping only three marks in the process. “The test was tricky at the end, but it wasn’t too bad,” he said. Conal’s lecturer Steven Donnelly said: “He’s a good student. He puts in a lot of work and shows a lot of commitment in class – and it shows in the work he’s done today.”

We'll be completing our finalist lineup with the competition's first ever trip to Scotland as soon as we possibly can. Stay tuned to our social media channels and website to find out when it'll take place, and see who wins!

AOY 2020 I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

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STAY SAFE IN LOCKDOWN

Here Super Rod offers their top tips for keeping you safe and well during the COVID-19 pandemic.

01

TOP TIPS

02

> THE WORKER’S CHECKLIST

> PROTECT YOUR MENTAL HEALTH

If you’re still working, follow this handy checklist to keep you and your customers safe:

Here’s a checklist to help keep anxiety at bay:

• Keep a 2m distance while working, the equivalent of 2 x Super Rods apart! Watch this video on social distancing: youtu.be/8mJrsGkoEps

• Build a routine into your day • Keep a balanced diet • Exercise daily

03

> KEEP LEARNING Make sure you check out virtual classrooms provided by your college and online resources from the industry to keep up with learning. It’s for your career, so make sure you keep ahead of the game!

• Get a good night’s sleep

• Wear disposable gloves when entering the property and dispose of them once you leave • Wear a face mask when you’re in the property • Wipe all surfaces (e.g. door handles) with anti-bacterial wipes

04 > ONCE YOU’RE BACK AT WORK There are likely to be some work lifestyle changes that your employer will implement, this could include: • 2m distancing • Start times being staggered • Public transport being avoided if possible • Fewer attendees at site inductions • Only disposable PPE being used • Lifts or hoists avoided wherever possible • Hand sanitisers made available

> FURTHER RESOURCES TO SUPPORT YOU www.electricalcharity.org/index.php/covid-19 youngminds.org.uk/find-help/looking-after-yourself/coronavirus-and-mental-health/ www.sparks-magazine.co.uk/coronavirus-resources-and-advice/ www.youtube.com/SparkyNinja

HOT TIP KEEP YOUR MIND AND BODY ACTIVE TO BUILD UP YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM

electriciansguidetoeverythingpodcast.podbean.com www.facebook.com/groups/ElectricianscommunityUK/

For info on Super Rod products visit:

e5group.org.uk/podcasts/

www.super-rod.co.uk

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SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I S TAY SAF E IN LOC KDOWN

Ventilation

New to ventilation? Here’s what you need to know. > WHAT DOES AN EXTRACTOR FAN DO? Extractor fans remove steam from rooms with high moisture content in the air. Good ventilation is essential to avoid condensation and mould.

101

> WHY HAVE A TIMER? Extractor fans are often turned on and off with the light switch.

In order to clear a room of moisture laden air, a fan needs to keep running after the light has been turned off. You can achieve this by installing a fan with an overrun timer. > WHAT IS A HUMIDISTAT? A humidistat is a sensor that detects steamy air and then automatically extracts it. The fan will then turn itself off again once humidity has reduced. > WHICH FAN SHOULD I INSTALL? Installing an axial fan through an outside wall is the easiest, most direct way. For larger properties, or where long ducts are needed, use a centrifugal or inline fan. Avoid mounting fans on plasterboard ceilings or stud partition walls since vibrations can amplify noise.

Opt for variable speed models which can be set to meet the individual airflow needs of the project, especially helpful with long duct runs.

> WHAT SIZE FAN SHOULD I FIT? Building Regulations Part F gives guidance on the required level of airflow needed by room and house size. Choosing the right fan for the job will ensure that steam and smells are removed at source. Always check you are working to the most recent Building Regulations.

HOT TIP IF YOU CHOOSE AN IPX5 / ZONE 1 FAN YOU CAN INSTALL IT ALMOST ANYWHERE!

For more info, check out: www.vent-axia.com V E N T I L AT I ON I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

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Replacement made easy.

Mira Jump Multi-fit Electric shower 36 combinations for electrical and water connections to make replacement easy. Showers designed alongside installers, for installers.

www.mirashowers.co.uk

Mira's TOP TIPS

Mark Bignell, Electrical and Facilities Manager at Mira Showers, offers his top tips for successfully installing an electric shower. > ISOLATE THE ELECTRICS

1

Follow safe isolation, locking off the supply and testing for dead procedures, often referred to as Locking Off & Tagging Out (LOTO). > ISOLATE THE WATER

2

Turn off the water supply from the mains. Before removing the old shower, slowly loosen the compression nut to ensure it’s been completely isolated. You can retighten quickly if necessary! > READ THE MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTIONS (MI)

3

Follow the MI and complete a cable calculation to determine the cable size required based on the kW rating of the new shower. Especially important when replacing existing showers - there’s no guarantee the previous installation was completed correctly! > CHECK THE SIZE OF THE PROTECTIVE DEVICE

4

It’s surprising how many showers suffer from nuisance tripping from undersized or oversized circuit protection.

> CHECK FOR RCD PROTECTION

5

BS 7671 requires installation of suitable RCD protection. Older installations may not have RCD protection. We’d recommend fitting RCD protection to the shower circuit. > DO I NEED TO NOTIFY?

6

NICEIC states: “Carrying out work in the bathroom that requires any addition or alteration to existing circuits, could be notifiable to your local building control department to ensure it meets the correct safety standards.” > SELECTING THE SHOWER

7

As well as the usual electrical considerations, identify the side in which the water and electrical supply enters the shower. However, multifit showers, e.g. Mira Jump, allow water and electrical supplies to connect on either side of the shower - ideal for replacement showers.

For further info, check out www.mirashowers.co.uk

E L EC T RI C SH OWE R S I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

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#71 #75 # Arc faults can cause fires.

Wylex AFDDs detect and disconnect arc faults to prevent fires.

AFDDs protect ring circuits, radial circuits, spurs and leads too.

#35 #64 # 71% of electrical professionals agree AFDDs can help prevent electrical fires.

AFDDs with switched neutral.

As standard.

THIS SMALL DEVICE PREVENTS FIRES WYLEX SINGLE MODULE AFDD

TO FIND OUT MORE

wylexreasons.co.uk

#46 #95 3 products in a single module.

Our AFDD also does the job of an MCB and an RCD.

We provide product solutions that help you comply with the wiring regulations.

#44 #28 You asked for smaller, more affordable AFDDS that are still as efficient – we’ve delivered.

Our new AFDD is half the size it used to be.

YOU CAN APPLY FOR YOUR ECS CARD NOW You’re probably already thinking about your future, when your hard work and training will be rewarded with a fulfilling job and growing bank account! Make sure you apply for your ECS Card.

T

he ECS Card is the only card scheme for electrotechnical operatives in the UK that’s partnered with CSCS, and it’s recognised and endorsed by the electrical industry. > WHY DO I NEED AN ECS CARD? Holding an ECS Card shows that your skills and qualifications have been checked and verified by the Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS). Proving what skills and qualifications you’ve achieved will be essential during your apprenticeship and your working life. > HOW AND WHEN CAN I APPLY? If you haven’t already received your first ECS Apprentice Card, then ask your training provider to register you with the JIB. You can apply for one

16

at any stage of your apprenticeship.

Your college or training provider will be able to give you more information, so ask them about the JIB and ECS cards. > WHAT SHOULD I DO NEXT? Once you’ve got your card, download the MyECS app so you can show your virtual ECS card off with pride! > WHAT IS AN ECS GOLD CARD? Once you complete your training, you can receive your ultimate ECS Gold Card - this becomes your employment ‘passport’ and shows that you are trained to the Level 3 industry standard. If you have, or when you gain, the 18th Edition Wiring Regulations qualification, you can apply for ECS Registered Electrician status.

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I T R AIN IN G

?

DID YOU KNOW? YOU CAN APPLY FOR YOUR ECS CARD AT ANY STAGE OF YOUR APPRENTICESHIP For more info visit: www.ecscard.org.uk

HAND TOOLS

YOU CAN RELY ON

Your pliers are a crucial part of your toolbag and should be chosen on quality, powerful performance and user comfort, explains David Barnes of KNIPEX.

A

s an apprentice you are now learning the essential skills of your trade. It’s an exciting time and as you move from working in the classroom to working on site the tools and equipment you choose will become even more important to you. That’s especially true of your hand tools, which you will need to powerfully grip, cut and nip wire and cable on a regular basis, so getting the choice right will help ensure you work comfortably and, most importantly, safely with tools you can rely on.

KNIPEX maintains this excellence in quality throughout its whole product range and has four types of diagonal cutters. The range includes the classic model, the robust high leverage version, the X-Cut, a real all-rounder, and the Twinforce – for the toughest cutting requirements.

HOT TIP GETTING YOUR TOOL CHOICE RIGHT EARLY ON WILL HELP ENSURE YOU WORK COMFORTABLY AND SAFELY WITH TOOLS YOU CAN RELY ON

“Stripping cable is all part and parcel of an electrician's job”

> SIDE CUTTERS

> INSTALLATION PLIERS

> ERGOSTRIP

The Classic Model is forged from high-quality material and offers a long service life. It has precision cutting edges for soft and hard wire and cleanly cuts thin copper wires.

The stable joint design balances movement and makes the Diagonal Cutter’s cutting performance better than ever – it has a 20% higher cutting force. With its slim head shape and precise cutting blade tips, the KNIPEX Diagonal Cutters are an essential tool, especially for jobs that take place in tight spaces.

KNIPEX VDE Installation Pliers will grip flat and round material, for bending, deburring, cutting cable, stripping and crimping end sleeves (ferrules), and are ideal for electricians who often have to travel around from one jobsite to another.

Its smooth surfaces near the tips grip single cores without damaging them and there is a serrated gripping surface and pipe grip for gripping flat and round material. The Installation Pliers have a clear-cut outside edge on the jaw for working on flush-mounted junction boxes and deburring feed-through holes.

Stripping cable is all part and parcel of an electrician’s job and the Ergostrip is a small tool that allows you to strip and dismantle all cables used in houses. Being so small, it is ideal for use in confined spaces such as junction and distribution boxes. It is designed to be comfortable, and is shaped like a pistol grip. There’s a length scale, which you can use to dismantle and strip cables to the exact length. It’s an award-winning tool which will save you time on site.

For more details visit www.knipex.com

TOOL S I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

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WHAT’S A

MINI AFDD?

While RCDs and MCBs protect against overcurrent, short circuit and earth leakage protection, they’re unable to detect arcing, leaving a gap in the safety provision.

ELECTRIUM

> HOW IT WORKS FDDs (arc fault • By using microprocessors, it monitors the condition of the circuits and detection devices) automatically disconnects any dangerous arc fault thus preventing an provide a higher electrical fire. level of protection than ever • The SIARC software analyses a wide range of criteria, not only current and before by detecting dangerous voltage. It constantly measures the intensity, stability and duration of high faults that older technologies frequency (HF noise) and the gaps between noise segments. It distinguishes like MCBs and RCDs Boastingbetween three‘operational levels ofsparking’ safety–in easy-fit single module, Crabtree’s likeone in washing machines and vacuum cannot detect. cleaner motors – andaabnormal could denote a potentially Mini AFDD represents majoractivity step that forward in smarter electrical safety Crabtree’s Starbreaker mini dangerous event.

AFDD takes up the same space • The software repeatedly ou could be forgiven Serial a as an MCB but includes three Fig 1 makes multiple for thinking that circuit typically fou technologies, protection devicesevery are not frayed/dam calculations MCB, RCB ‘smart’.

It’s an easyarc mistake conductors second.

If an and AFDD. It to make when your go-to’s that occur detection signal does fits easily into are comparatively simple conductor not and break allwhich five of its devices like MCBs RCDs, have circuit. Par a consumer detection criteria, the been around for a long time and which are conductors unit and can decidedly not smart.

These arcin device will not operate be integrated Even though these familiar overheating (Fig 1).

Only dangerous into domestic technologies are appropriately used to insulation a arcs will be greater than installations, help to provide particular levels of safety Parallel all five detection criteria in electrical installations and to provide with damag keeping you in this leads the AFDD protection – forand people and property, allows curr line with the against the dangers that canand ariseremove from These can to operate 18th Edition. certain types ofthe electrical faults –arc theythat are lead to igni dangerous limited to that level of protection by the surroundin could lead to a fire. nature of the technology that they use.

Parallel

A

A SMARTER AND SAFER FUTURE F

Y

However,Bringing is that levelthree of safety high levels enough? of safety in one easySmarter circuit protection devices are fit single module, now available.

‘Mini’ only refers Crabtree’s New devices are in the Starbreaker market that to the size of the can provide additional levels of protection.

Mini AFDD represents AFDD and not AFDDs, (arc afault detection devices) usein major step forward it’s capability! microprocessors to monitor the condition smarter electrical safety. of electrical circuits and will automatically disconnect any circuits that suffer from a dangerous arc fault, thus preventing an electrical fire. These smart little devices provide a higher level of protection than ever before by detecting dangerous faults that older technologies likeFor MCBs and info further RCDs cannot detect.

Until now, designers and installers of electrical installations have not been detection 18 SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0able 2 0 toI access WIRINarc G fault AC C E S SORI Edevices S that would fit easily into consumer units.

However, Crabtree has overcome that

by MCBs, R current flow be less tha Parallel arc faults. Whi against ove leakage pro arcing, leav (HF noise) to look at the intensity stability Figure 1 and duration and the gaps between noise segments to reliably distinguish between ‘operational sparking’ – for example, in washing machines and vacuum cleaner motorswww.electrium.co.uk/mini-AFDD – and abnormal activity that could visit: denote a potentially dangerous event.

The software works by repeatedly The Crabtree making numerous calculations per Starbreaker mini AFDD delivers second. If an arc detection signal does maximum safety with not break all five of the detection criteria a minimum footprint shown in Figure 1 it will not fit into the

Crabtre Mini AF

Delivering m minimum f fully with th Crabtree’s two-pole sw isolate any ensuring co installers, h

LOSE THE SCREWS – GO SCREWLESS! With poor connection believed to be the source of almost half of all system failures, there has never been a better time to get a fail-safe method of connection.

?

S

DID YOU KNOW?

witching to WAGO TOPJOB® S Rail-Mount Terminal Blocks promises to reduce wiring time, eliminate routine maintenance and provide a reliable and high performing wire connection contact.

WAGO SCREWLESS TECHNOLOGY MAKES WIRING UP TO 264% FASTER

> TOOL-FREE CONNECTION The Push-In CAGE CLAMP® in the TOPJOB® S Rail-Mount Terminal Block ensures a quality connection through a precise, uniform contact that does not require the use of any special tools. > TIME SAVING The wiring time of WAGO Screwless technology is up to 264% quicker when compared to manual wiring of screw-type terminals. > RELIABILITY The WAGO TOPJOB® S Rail-Mount Terminal Block is designed for maximum reliability. The Push-in CAGE CLAMP® spring is protected by the upper surface of the cage and

For more info, visit: www.wago.com by a positive stop on the insulation housing, preventing overstressing.

This ensures no damage to the terminal block during operation. > ‘GAS-TIGHT’ CONNECTION The Push-in CAGE CLAMP® automatically adjusts for settling strands and changes in wire size and easily deals with the consequences of changes in temperature as contact parts heat up and cool down. The resulting connection is ‘gas-tight’ preventing the unwanted ingress of corrosive gases.

> VIBRATION-PROOF Unlike screw-type terminal blocks, WAGO Push-in CAGE CLAMP® connections do not require checking or retightening loose connections resulting from vibration, temperature cycling or settling strands.

The WAGO TOPJOB® S Rail-Mount Terminal Block is available in three types to suit a range of applications: > Lever > Push-button > Operating Slot

> SIDE ENTRY

1

The stripped wire (solid, stranded, flexible or ferruled) is introduced up to the terminal block

2

The CAGE CLAMP® spring is pressed down and wire inserted

3

The pressure is released and wire automatically clamped

WI RI N G AC C E S SORI E S I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

19

WIRING A DIMMABLE DRIVER

Lighting manufacturer Ansell Lighting offers its top tips for installing its own DD1 dimmable switch.

2

For a DD1 Switch Dim or ‘pressto-dim’ set up, a permanent live is required for both the dimmer and the driver. This ensures that when a dim level has been set, the driver can ‘hold’ the luminaire at the desired level.

3

TOP TIPS

1

With standard wiring of a Class 1 luminaire, just a switch, live, neutral and earth are required. A common misconception is that the DD1 is wired in exactly the same way as mains or TRIAC dimmable.

When it comes to the switch, we are talking about a ‘push to make’ retractive switch. The permanent live is required at the switch into the common terminal. Coming out of the L1 terminal is the switch live, which is then in turn terminated into the switch live on the driver.

This completes the wiring.

?

DID YOU KNOW? ANSELL LIGHTING OFFERS HANDY INSTALLATION VIDEOS ON ITS WEBSITE

4

Functionally, the switch will turn on and off with a simple quick press.

Pressing and holding will dim the luminaires smoothly. Once the switch is released, the dim level will be held. On a further push, the luminaires will be dimmed in the opposite direction.

SwitchDIM with one operation point

5

If the luminaires are not all at the same level or are dimming in opposite directions, you can synchronise these by simply pressing and holding the switch for 25 seconds. The luminaires will then all reset and revert back to 100% output.

For more info visit: www.anselluk.com

KNIPEX Quality – Made in Germany

KNIPEX X-Cut® Compact Diagonal Cutter

Article No. 73 06 160 > Compact and 25 % less weight. Powerful and precise > Cuts finest strands as well as multi-core cables and piano wires > Box-joint design: highest stability with low weight > Doubly supported joint axis for heaviest duty > 40% less force required compared with standard diagonal cutters of the same length

For more details please contact: Contact UK North: Mr Jason Cunningham 07340191555 Contact UK South West: Mr Richard Beesley 07770898298 Contact UK South East: Mr Jamie Nolan 07810128404

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Call our UK Customer Service line 01392 368351

WHAT’S IN YOUR TOOL BAG? RYAN DAVIS Ryan Davis started his electrical apprenticeship at 16 and has been qualified for 13 years. Ryan says he enjoys “all aspects of electrical work, whether it be rewires or fault finding”.

“Over the years, I’ve tried not to stick to just electrical work but to expand my knowledge into access control and CCTV.”

> KNIPEX ERGOSTRIP A versatile tool which I love to use. There’s not a cable that this won’t strip.

@rdaviselectrical

RYAN DAV “I do have favourite tool brands, but I tend to buy whatever tool works best for me”

> FULL SET An electrician's tool kit is constantly evolving, but here's a look at Ryan's current kit.

> WERA ZYKLOP MINI RATCHET This tool can be used as an adjustable ratchet but with the attachment it becomes a ratcheting screwdriver.

HOT TOOL TIP TOOLS THAT DO MORE THAN ONE JOB MEAN YOU CAN FREE UP SPACE IN YOUR BAG - OR POCKETS

VIS > VETO TECH MCT

I’ve had many tool bags in my time that don’t tend to last longer than a year. This bag is the most well-built bag I’ve owned.

> KNIPEX INSTALLATION PLIERS I prefer tools that can do more than one job so I can limit what I have in my pockets. These pliers will cut, strip, crimp and bend cable.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

FALSE ALARMS! Safety Technology International, a specialist manufacturer of fire, safety and security products, has provided the following article to test your knowledge. See if you can correctly answer the questions below.

T

he latest Home Office figures reveal there were 3,139 false fire alarms caused by ‘malicious activation of a fire call point/alarm’ in England during 2018/19 - the highest figure on record! > THE SOLUTION As recommended in BS 58391:2017, manual call points can be fitted with protective covers to prevent false fire alarms.

Safety Technology International manufactures a range of protective covers, from integral covers to outdoor and sounder models variations to suit all applications.

These covers are designed to prevent accidental or malicious false alarms.

> WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW In the 2013 version of BS 5839-1, the use of a protective cover was seen as a variation to the recommendation to use Type A (direct operation) call points.

However, upon reviewing the requirements of BS EN 54-11 it was decided in the 2017 update that moving a protective cover has not yet broken the frangible element and so the call point remains Type A with no variation to the standard.

Although there is no requirement to fit protective covers to existing installations, it is advisable especially where there is a history of false activation.

The BSI recommends: “All MCPs should be fitted with a protective cover, which is moved to gain access to the frangible elements.”

TRUE OR FALSE? Q1 To comply with BS 58391:2017, only manual call points in vulnerable locations need a protective cover.

True: False: Q2 A manual call point fitted with a protective cover is no longer considered a variation under BS 5839-1:2017.

True: False: Q3 Protective covers will only prevent the accidental activation of a manual call point.

True: False: Q4 The updated recommendations in BS 5839-1:2017 mean all manual call points will need to be retroactively fitted with a call point cover.

True: False: Q5 It would be advisable for protective covers to be fitted to any pre-existing call points that have the potential to initiate a false alarm.

For more info visit: sti-emea.com

True: False:

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

24

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I S M AR T HO M E , F I RE & SEC U RI T Y

Studying for a career in the electrical industry?

Find out how the IET can help

As co-publisher of BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations), we have lots of information and guidance available to help you get into the electrical industry.

From informative articles on different ways into industry and the most relevant qualifications, to videos designed to help de-mystify certain areas of the Wiring Regulations, our website is full of useful resources for electrical students, including: – – – –

Books for students, such as the Student’s Guide to the IET Wiring Regulations The Student’s Guide video series including topics such as Safe Isolation and Risk Assessment Wiring Matters magazine articles to help you with your studies A job profile bank detailing some of the many different career options available to you when you qualify

Visit theiet.org/elec-students to find out more

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

SMART HOME

SPARKS has teamed up with CEDIA, the international trade organisation for the home technology industry, to test your knowledge on smart homes. See how you get on with these multiple-choice questions. > CABLING INFRASTRUCTURE Q1 The simplest type of communication cable testing (continuity and/or mapping) is called: A. certification B. verification C. qualification D. clarification > THE HOME HUB Q2 Most failures of electronic equipment are due to: A. faulty manufacturing B. excessive heat over time C. design flaws D. user error

> DISTRIBUTED AUDIO

> VIDEO CALIBRATION

Q5 A system that allows the choice of both radio and internet music, with all rooms receiving the same programming is:

Q7 The ideal primary viewing distance from the image is:

A. multi-zone/multi-source B. single-zone/multi-source C. single-zone/single-source D. constant voltage > DISTRIBUTED VIDEO Q6 The standard aspect ratio for High Definition content is: A. 4:3 B. 16:9 C. 16:10 D. 2.35:1

Q3 Equipment racks should be: A. loaded and tested at the shop, to minimize the impact on the homeowner B. installed and loaded onsite, to ensure proper interaction with installed components C. completely sealed and covered, to prevent client access D. made of wood, to prevent ground loops > AUDIO Q4 In surround sound terminology, the “.1” in “5.1” stands for: A. one centre channel output B. one subwoofer C. one Low Frequency Effects channel output D. one source input

26

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I S M AR T HO M E , F I RE & SEC U RI T Y

A. 2x the image width B. 3x the image diagonal C. 3x the image height D. 1.75x the image width Q8 The contrast control on a video display adjusts the: A. black level B. white level C. sharpness D. colour intensity

> NETWORKING

> SECURITY

> IOT

Q9 Which service cannot run via IP?

Q12 Which is NOT an input device in a security system?

Q15 What allows digital devices to interconnect and transmit data?

A. video distribution B. telephony C. control D. all can use IP

A. annunciator B. motion detector C. photoelectric beam D. keypad

A. a sensor B. a global positioning sensor C. a smart phone D. a network

> LIGHTING

> SURVEILLANCE

Q10 Lighting control provides:

Q13 An IP camera may have the capability to:

Q16 What is comprised of millions of smart devices and sensors connected to the internet?

A. convenience B. security C. energy savings D. all of the above > ENERGY MANAGEMENT Q11 The first step toward controlling energy use is: A. dimming lights B. adjusting the thermostat C. knowing how it is being used D. being willing to make some sacrifices

A. serve as a motion detector, triggering a message or recorder B. pan, tilt, and zoom to better view the area C. send images to mobile devices, TVs and touchpanels D. all of the above > CONTROL SYSTEMS Q14 A “macro”…

A. allows a remote to communicate with several different devices at once B. is a set of instructions, in sequence, initiated by one user interaction C. sends the IR signal out in all directions equally D. is a program that can be used from one device to another, regardless of the manufacturer Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

A. the fog B. Internet of Things C. data centre D. the cloud Q17 What is a sensor?

A. anything that stores data B. the foundation of the digitised world C. something that provides products and services to customers through an internet connection D. a device that detects or measures an event or physical property

> HOW DID YOU GET ON? 0-6 Lots to learn – CEDIA has some great resources to help you gain a foundation in smart home knowledge.

Check out the CEDIA Podcast and its YouTube channel.

7-13 Getting smarter – Your knowledge in this area is pretty impressive but could do with some work. Take a look at the white papers and best practice documents on the CEDIA website.

14-17 Smart as a smart home - Your knowledge is a great foundation for learning more about professional technology integration.

Check out the CEDIA training courses.

All resources and useful links can be found at cedia.net, or get in touch via education@cedia.co.uk

SM A R T H OM E , F I RE & SEC U RI T Y I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

27

GETTING SMART!

Sean Miller, Electrician Programme Manager at Schneider Electric, discusses the importance of smart installations.

> WHAT DO THE STATS TELL US?

> RESIDENTIAL VS COMMERCIAL

> WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD?

Currently 25% of households have some kind of smart technology installed, and that’s expected to rise to 45% by 2024!

The residential Internet of Things (IoT) market is undoubtedly getting more mature. Sensor technology, which has been used in commercial settings for a while for turning off lights and changing temperatures, is slowly infiltrating the residential market as homeowners become savvier and regulations are tightened.

Smart homes will continue to get smarter. The next stage is utilising machine learning to build a more accurate image of movement and usage, by creating an even fuller picture of our comfort preferences inside and outside the home.

> WHAT’S POPULAR? Demand for wireless technology is continuing to rise. Security systems including alarms, CCTV and door bells are the most popular.

Smart heating continues to be the typical first step for consumers.

Schneider Electric’s Wiser Heat is a multizone system which allows consumers to control the temperature in each room individually, offering the ultimate in convenience.

> WHAT ABOUT ‘OFF THE SHELF’ PRODUCTS? The impact of ‘off the shelf’ products like Alexa, Philips Hue and Ring doorbells is extremely positive. They create awareness for the potential of smart technology and increase investment in the field.

Visit mySchneider Electrician portal – a handy hub for apprentices with product information, training, news and more: se.com/uk/apprentice-electrician

28

?

DID YOU KNOW? 45% OF HOUSEHOLDS ARE EXPECTED TO HAVE SOME SORT OF SMART TECHNOLOGY INSTALLED BY 2024

You can also download mySchneider app to access rewards, catalogues and instant chat support:

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I S M AR T HO M E , F I RE & SEC U RI T Y

Preparation is key

The more prepared you are for your AM2S, the more confident you will be going into the assessment. NET offers the following advice for anyone preparing for their assessment.

> WHAT IS THE AM2S?

> THE CHECKLIST

The AM2S, or End Point Assessment, is an in-depth assessment where you will need to carry out specific tasks to prove you’ve understood what you’ve been learning during your apprenticeship.

It’s broken down into different sections, such as installation, fault-finding, safe isolation and inspection & testing.

What you will have to do in the assessment is already laid out for you in the ‘Readiness for Assessment’ checklist. Each section is clearly broken down, so you will need to ask yourself how much knowledge and experience you have in each area.

It’s the pinnacle of your training and so you should be proud to demonstrate everything you’ve learnt during your apprenticeship – you’ve worked hard for this, so it’s time to show off your skills!

If there are areas where you’re not feeling confident, your lecturer should produce an action plan for you. You will then be able to work on the areas where you need more knowledge or practical experience.

> BOOKING YOUR ASSESSMENT Before you’re allowed to book your AM2S assessment, the checklist must be signed by you, your employer and lecturer to confirm you’re ready. Remember, preparation is key and will help you feel confident on the day.

?

DID YOU KNOW? THERE ARE USEFUL TIPS ON HOW TO PREPARE FOR YOUR AM2 ON THE NET WEBSITE

For more info, visit: www.netservices.org.uk/candidate-guidance T R A I N I N G I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

29

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

LIGHTNING PROTECTION READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Since their invention in the 1970s (when they were called Zap Trap, surge protection devices (SPDs) have become essential in many lightning protection systems. ECA technical manager Gary Parker tells us the essentials.

S

PDs are used in electrical installation systems to protect against transient overvoltages (also called voltage spikes) that can damage electrical equipment and sensitive components. > MODERN SPD All electrical components are susceptible to surges, and these can be natural (from lightning) or man-made (from overloading or switching).

The function of the modern SPD is to: > provide equipotential bonding to the services, reducing the risk of flashovers when current is injected into the ground > reduce transient energy entering into a facility from a direct or indirect flash to the service > protect internal electrical and electronic equipment An easy way to remember these functions is to recall that SPDs protect equipment, whereas RCDs (residual current devices) protect people.

30

> SHOULD THEY BE EVERYWHERE? As mentioned, SPDs are not new, and neither is the concept of lightning protection.

The 18th Edition of the IET Wiring Regulations (BS 7671:2018), which has been in effect for over a year now, has highlighted some important points to consider regarding SPDs and their use in today’s world.

While BS 7671 now has a much stronger focus on the use of SPDs, it would be wrong to say that some 27 million installations in the UK are suddenly at risk. First and foremost, a designer or installer should consider if protection against transient overvoltage is needed.

Installations should be functional, useful and always safe. SPDs are not the be-all and end-all of safety, but any decision to use them should be based on thorough, fact-based risk assessment.

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I L IG H T N IN G PROT EC T I ON

> CALCULATING THE RISK LEVEL While not all installations require SPDs, a risk assessment should always be considered.

This involves a calculation based on the Calculated Risk Level. This requires knowledge of figures including environmental factor (fenv), risk assessment length in km (LP), and lightning ground flash density (Ng).

If all the required data is at hand, the calculation is simple enough – CRL = fenv / (LP x Ng) ECA members can even use a handy online SPD calculator to do so at eca.co.uk/spd

“Remember, RCDs protect people and SPDs protect equipment”

GARY’S NOTES ON THE 18TH EDITION: WHAT THE REGULATIONS SAY

GARY’S NOTE

Protection against overvoltages shall be provided where the consequences could result in serious injury to, or loss of, human life.

Where an overvoltage poses a risk to life, they must be fitted. However, hospitals have a lot of protection and supplies in place. It is not the case that simply all systems must have SPDs.

Protection against overvoltages shall be provided where the consequences could result in interruption of public services and/or damage to cultural heritage

Safety critical or relevant parts of museums etc would require protection. However, not all public services are critical.

Protection against overvoltages shall be provided where the consequences could result in interruption of commercial or industrial activity.

The risk is different in various commercial sites – some have a tolerable risk.

Protection against overvoltages shall be provided where the consequences could affect a large number of co-located individuals.

This is covered by the notes above.

QUESTIONS Q1 Give two examples of a man-made electrical surge Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................

Q2 Name one function of the modern SPD Answer: ........................................................................................................ > A CLOSER LOOK AT THE REGULATIONS The regulations also allow for SPDs to be omitted from a so-called single dwelling, where ‘the total value of an installation and the equipment therein does not justify such protection’.

This does not mean that simply adding up the cost of equipment is the way to calculate the benefit of SPDs. A ‘single dwelling’ can be a one bedroom flat, a part of a tower block or a country mansion – the risks are highly variable and should be considered carefully in each case.

For more information on SPDs, the 18th Edition and other technical guidance, visit

........................................................................................................................

Q3 Gary says electrical installations should always be what three things?

Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................

Q4 The regulations say protection against overvoltages shall be provided where the consequences could result in interruption of public services and where else?

Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................

Q5 True or false? Risk assessments should always be considered, but not every installation will require an SPD. Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................

eca.co.uk/technical L I G H T N I N G PROT EC T I ON I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

31

SPOT THE DIFFERENCE 32

Spot the six differences between these two photos of a SPARKS Apprentice of the Year competitor hard at work.

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I S P OT T HE D IF F E RE N C E

LEARNER OF THE MONTH

Could you be the next SPARKS Learner of the Month? There are great prizes up for grabs and we'll share your top work in the mag!

Head to our website or social channels to find out how you can enter.

#SPARKSLOTM JOSEPH HAWKSLEY

CRAIG FAIRWEATHER

SUZANNA MAY BLAKELY-MONK

GAZ GRAINGER DECEMBER 2019

JANUARY 2020

FEBRUARY 2020

MARCH 2020

WINNER

WINNER

WINNER

WINNER

Craig was nominated by his lecturer at Moray College, Iain McBean, for demonstrating excellent hand skills in the workshop and being “totally committed” to his studies.

He won a CL2300A clamp meter from Klein Tools.

Joseph won a £100 bundle from Luceco after being nominated by his lecturer at Loughborough College, Will Gibbs: “Joe helped learners within the group that have been struggling with the theory work and took on the role of a mentor without any guidance or encouragement from tutors to do so. Since starting teaching I have never seen anything like this and it makes me proud he is one of my learners.”

Gaz, of Warrington & Vale Royal College, won a testing bundle from Electric Center after being nominated by his lecturer Dave Love: “He tries his very best to understand all aspects of his qualification. He is a valued member of the team and helps others when needed.”

Gaz, who has worked in construction since 2006 but as an electrician for three years, said: “It’s a good feeling and it feels like all the hard work during college has finally paid off.”

He added: “I love the challenging work, and the fact I’ve now got skills for life.”

Suzanna May was nominated by her dad and employer Nick Blakely, who said: “She is a great woman working in the trade, someone that works hard – not only at work but for charities.” She won a splicing connector kit from WAGO. “I have always been fascinated by electricity,” said Suzanna May, “it was only when I went to university to study drama that I got into the technical side of it. I would like to continue working with dad but would like to work on theatre electrics.”

“It’s great to be recognised for the time and effort that gets put into some of the work we do,” said Craig, who aims to “gain as many qualifications as possible and have a vast knowledge of different types of electrical work”.

Joseph said: “I really enjoy the challenge of problemsolving and the variety of different jobs. Also, the fact that you can learn something new every day.”

L E A RN E R OF T H E M ON T H I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

33

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How not to connect tr unking

34

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I H AL L O F S H AM E

ist ng Tw playi t i ? s f I itsel with

While many electricians and electrical engineers are fully qualified and do a great job, there are still some cowboys out there who do shocking work (sometimes literally!) and the results can be disastrous.

In association with Crap Electrical UK, we bring you our regular gallery of horrors, showcasing weird wiring, ludicrous lighting and shoddy sockets.

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itch?" e light sw "Where's th LA" of t the coas "Just off

A big thank you to the members of Crap Electrical UK for supplying us with so many great photos.

The Facebook group, which has around 6,500 members, is run by Charles Billington, Simon Allen, Lewis Boddington, Dave Spencer, Jake Simmons, Samuel Miles and Lee Quince.

If you’ve come across a dodgy installation, send your pictures to us and they could be featured on this page!

You can email us at tom.tracey@sng-publishing.co.uk.

H A L L OF SH A M E I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

35

GET THE BEST, FORGET THE REST.

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Award Winner

EXERCISES We’ve been lucky enough to collaborate with electrical expert Mike Davies, who has been in the industry since the 1970s.

Mike became a qualified electrical engineer after completing an apprenticeship when he left school at 16.

He became a college lecturer in 1980 after completing a Further Education teacher training qualification.

Now retired, Mike works as a self-employed lecturer and training consultant.

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free.

Prove your skills with the ECS card

Get your Apprentice ECS card while you’re training.

When you've completed your apprenticeship you can apply for your ECS gold card straight away - and also get ECS Registered Electrician status if you have the 18th Edition Wiring Regulations.*

Download the MyECS app to show your virtual card from your mobile!

*If you hold the 17th Edition Wiring Regulations qualification you can gain an ECS gold card when you complete your apprenticeship. You can then upgrade to Registered Electrician status once you have the 18th Edition. To find out more visit www.ecscard.org.uk/apprentice

FIRE SAFETY Covers Units 601, 603, 604, 605 and 606 Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91 or EAL equivalent.

You may need to refer to BS 7671:2018 Requirements for Electrical Installations.

TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

Q1

BS7671:2018 Requirements for Electrical Installations provides principles for the protection of excessive temperature likely to cause fire.

Q2

Only persons and property are to be protected against the harmful effects of heat or fire.

Q3

When designing a fire protection system, a significant quantity of stored flammable liquid is considered to be 24 litres.

Q4

Examples such as a hay barn, woodworking workshop or timber building are classified as locations where there is a risk of fire and are identified as BE2 locations.

Q5

In buildings with rooms containing assets of significant value, for example a museum or art gallery, a mineral insulated cable to BS EN60702 must be used throughout.

Q6

An enclosed space separated from adjoining spaces within a building, by elements of the construction having a specific fire resistance, identifies the enclosed space as a ‘fire-segregated compartment’.

Q7

Devices for the protection against overload can be omitted in circuits supplying fire extinguishing systems.

Q8

A cable trunking of 50mm x 50mm passing through floors of a multi-story building does not require fire barriers to be installed.

Q9

A firefighter’s switch situated in a shopping mall must be located near the equipment being controlled and be positioned 2.8m from the ground.

Q10

One requirement for a situation where no fire alarm system is installed in a building used for an exhibition is that cable systems can be flame retardant to BS EN 60332-1-2.

FALSE

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

E X E RC I SE S I S U M M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

39

SMART HOME TECH Covers Outcome 4 of Unit 605 (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91 or EAL equivalent).

TRUE OR FALSE?

Q1

Smart home technology is also known as ‘Home Automation’.

Q2

The two main areas that smart home technology is concerned with are security and customer safety.

Q3

Smart home technology can be controlled wirelessly.

Q4

Smart home security can include the control of cameras, locks, curtains/ blinds and lighting.

Q5

Only smart electrical energy meters can be installed in domestic premises.

Q6

‘ZigBee’ is a communication protocol used in home automation.

Q7

A smart meter can store data for energy consumption and tariff information.

Q8

The data collected by a smart meter in a customer’s home can only be accessed by the customer.

Q9

The abbreviation CAD refers to the design of the customers’ electrical installation.

Q10

A suitable ‘app’ on a smart phone can be used to control electrical equipment located in a domestic premises from a remote position.

TRUE

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

40

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S

FALSE

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No older than 6 years Fewer than 150,000 miles on the clock Full service history Minimum of 3mm tread depth on all tyres 12-month MOT Up to 24-months warranty

Discover more about our Approved Used vans at mbvans.co.uk

†BUSINESS USERS ONLY. Qualifying vehicles only.

Mercedes-Benz Approved Used Vans Mechanical Breakdown Insurance Corrosion warranty renewal Free 24/7 MobiloVan roadside assistance† 10 day exchange period Mercedes PRO connect vehicle management tool with every van Complimentary 7-day insurance cover

HOME AUTOMATION Covers Outcome 4 of Unit 605 (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91 or EAL equivalent).

Q1

Which of the following can be classed as Ans. a simple form of home automation?

a

A one-way light and dimmer switch

b

A central heating timer/controller

c

A cooker control panel

d

A ring final circuit

Q2

The most appropriate time to install home automation is?

a

After the basic circuits have been installed

b

Following commissioning of the basic circuits

c

During the first re-inspection of the installation

d

During initial construction of the installation

A lighting system that operates when a Q3 person enters a room uses which of the following devices in order to operate?

Home lighting CAN BE controlled Q5 automatically by the following methods, except? a

Light sensor

b

Timer

c

Double-pole switch

d

Smart phone app

Ans. Q6

Ans.

Which one of the following is NOT suitable for home automation?

a

Security system

b

Opening/closing of window blinds

c

Heating and air conditioning

d

Walking and caring for pets

A sensor

a

Electricity

b

An actuator

b

Oil

c

A heat detector

c

Coal

d

A passive switch

d

Woodchip

Which one of the following is not a wireless component?

Ans.

Q8

A smart meter can provide accurate information for‌

a

WiFi

a

The consumer only

b

Bluetooth

b

The service supplier only

c

ZigBee

c

Both consumer and supplier

d

Coaxial

d

The local authority

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42

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S

Ans.

A smart meter can be installed to provide Q7 data concerning which one of the Ans. following supply systems?

a

Q4

Ans.

Ans.

WIRING ACCESSORIES Covers Unit 202 (6) and Unit 203 (3), (C&G Level 2 Diploma in Electrical Installations [Buildings & Structures], 2365-02 or EAL equivalent).

Q1

A BS 1363 shuttered socket-outlet is rated at…

a

2A

b

5A

c

13 A

d

30 A

A 16 Ampere-rated industrial type Q2 round-pin plug is designed to which British Standard?

Ans.

Ans.

A ceiling-rose complying with BS67 Q5 should not be installed in a circuit operating at a voltage exceeding… a

50V

b

110V

c

230V

d

250V

Q6

B15 and B22 are codes used to represent Ans. which one of the following?

a

BS 1363

a

Miniature Edison screw lamp-holders

b

BS EN 60309-2

b

Bayonet lamp-holders

c

BS EN 61535

c

Goliath Edison screw lamp-holders

d

BS 646

d

LED light sources

Q3

The type of socket-outlet used for AC household installation must…

a

Be shuttered

b

Have flat pins

c

Have brass socket sleeves

d

Be fused

A 230V domestic immersion heater Q4 circuit must incorporate which of the following? a

A plug and socket outlet

b

A flex-outlet

c

A 5 Ampere-rated fuse

d

A device to prevent a dangerous rise in temperature

Ans.

Ans.

Fire detection and fire alarm circuits Q7 must comply with the relevant parts of which British Standard? a

BS 5266

b

BS 5839

c

BS EN 1838

d

BS 8519

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S

Ans.

When an electric vehicle charging point Q8 is to be installed outdoors, the equipment Ans. degree of protection is to be at least… a

IPX1

b

IPX2

c

IPX3

d

IPX4

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44

Ans.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Covers Unit 202 Principles of Electrical Science (C&G Level 2 Diploma in Electrical Installations [Buildings & Structures], 2365-02 or EAL equivalent).

Q1

The central section of an atom is called the…

Ans.

Q5

The general effect of the earth’s magnetic field is called…

a

Shell

a

Gravity

b

Electron

b

Mass

c

Neutron

c

Centrifuge

d

Nucleus

d

Velocity

Q2

Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity?

Ans.

Q6

The liquid found in a lead-acid battery is called the…

a

Glass

a

Electrolyte

b

Copper

b

Electrode

c

Plastic

c

Electrolysis

d

Wood

d

Electricity

Q3

Ohm's Law is usually identified by which of the following formulae?

a

resistance = current voltage

b

voltage = current x resistance

c

current = voltage x resistance

d

current = resistance voltage

Q4 The unit of electrical power is the…

Ans.

Ans.

Q7

Hot air rising from an electrical storage heater is due to…

a

Circulation

b

Radiation

c

Convection

d

Conversion

Q8

Which of the following prevents the flow of electricity?

a

Volt

a

A supply source

b

Ampere

b

A circuit

c

Watt

c

A conductor

d

Ohm

d

An insulator

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46

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S

Ans.

Ans.

Ans.

Ans.

MATCHING UNITS & QUANTITIES Covers Unit 309 ‘Understand the electrical principles associated with the design, building, installation and maintenance of electrical equipment and systems’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13).

The following terms relate to the quantities and units used in electrical engineering.

Match the correct quantity to each unit given.

Unit name or symbol

Quantity

1

X

Impedance

A

2

E

Magnetic field strength

B

3

Weber

Reactance

C

4

L

Resistivity

D

5

Coulomb

Electric field strength

E

6

H

Magnetic flux

F

7

Z

Electric charge

G

8

Rho

Self-inductance

H

9

B

Resistance

I

10

R

Magnetic flux density

J

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ELECTRO-TECHNICAL Covers units 604, 605, 606 and 607 (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Electro-Technical Technology 2357-13, or EAL equivalent).

Q1

Which one of the following is a typical UK Ans. electrical transmission voltage?

Portable electrical hand tools used on a Q5 construction site should be supplied from Ans. which of the following?

a

230V

b

400V

a

400V AC from mains supply

c

11kV

b

230V from an isolating transformer

d

400kV

c

48V battery

d

110V transformer with centre tapped earth

Q2

Electrical energy is measured using which of the following?

a

kWh meter

b

Watt meter

c

Ammeter

d

Voltmeter

When safe isolation is carried out on an Q3 electrical circuit, which of the following is an essential action? a

Fuses are handed to the supervisor until work is completed

b

Fuses are withdrawn and handed to the client

c

Fuses are kept by the person carrying out the work

d

The means of isolation must be secured

Q4

Ans.

The correct wording on the label Q6 attached to extraneous conductive parts and earth electrodes is‌

Ans.

The magnetic effect of an electric current Ans. is used in which of the following devices?

a

Single-pole switch

b

Fuse

c

Residual Current Device

d

Isolator

a

Separated low voltage

b

Safety electrical connection do not remove

c

Safe supply system connected

d

Safety electrical connection remove

Which of the following test procedures Q7 requires the supply to be connected and switched on? a

Continuity

b

Insulation resistance

c

Earth fault loop impedance

d

Polarity

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48

SPARKS I SUMME R 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S

Ans.

Ans.

WORDSEARCH: WIRING ACCESSORIES Try to find the following words, which are all related to wiring accessories.

Answers can be across and down.

A

L

C

O

A

X

I

A

L

S

O

C

K

E

T

J

P

M

T

H

B

E

A

B

H

I

R

E

F

G

S

E

W

D

R

I

U

E

R

A

A

V

E

R

C

S

T

E

S

U

U

D

O

N

T

G

L

N

E

C

T

E

D

V

C

O

O

K

E

R

C

O

N

T

R

O

L

V

K

K

T

L

I

J

P

G

Q

A

N

T

T

U

M

E

Y

A

C

O

D

S

E

A

W

F

V

M

P

L

I

E

R

B

R

A

F

W

O

G

B

A

N

P

F

A

N

C

O

N

T

R

O

L

U

N

D

H

R

G

D

W

L

A

U

V

L

H

L

C

E

S

S

E

U

L

E

R

D

L

E

L

A

N

S

H

Z

S

I

N

G

L

E

P

O

L

E

V

C

E

S

E

M

H

E

A

M

H

H

E

A

B

N

O

R

P

S

T

H

S

P

E

P

E

D

M

H

A

A

W

K

O

K

L

K

J

L

O

I

S

L

C

H

A

S

M

A

V

L

G

L

O

B

E

L

L

P

U

S

H

I

J

O

D

P

E

P

E

N

D

A

N

T

R

S

E

R

I

O

G

T

N

L

F

U

R

V

R

E

V

D

S

W

S

P

A

N

N

L

R

P

V

D

Z

R

S

U

S

W

I

T

C

H

F

E

G

G

O

A

I

I

I

E

A

N

D

S

O

C

K

E

T

I

U

S

B

O

U

T

L

E

T

R

I

A

A

E

C

C

A

S

T

L

A

C

U

T

B

O

D

C

Q

D

R

I

L

L

K

N

G

M

A

C

H

I

N

E

A

R

E

U

N

I

D

I

M

M

E

R

B

S

G

S

J

L

O

L

E

B

R

P

Z

O

S

F

T

A

T

R

A

N

S

F

O

R

M

E

R

Y

L

E

S

Single-pole Dimmer Socket Bell-push Double-pole Isolator

Shaver-socket Transformer Cooker control Fan control USB outlet Pull-cord

Pendant Batten lamp-holder Switch Fused-spur Coaxial socket

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E XEEDI RC TORI I SE S AL I I SU WIMNTE M E R 2020 I SPA RKS

49

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