SPARKS Magazine Autumn 2020 issue

THE ONLY MAGAZINE FOR STUDENT

& APPRENTICE ELECTRICIANS

INSIDE…

SPECIAL FEATURE: APPRENTICE OF THE YEAR

WHAT’S IN YOUR TOOLBAG? WITH RYAN DAVIS HALL OF SHAME

#SPARKS

A0Y20

“There are fantastic prizes on offer and it’s a great experience to meet new people!”

WINNE R

AUTUMN 2020

2020 WINNER ALE X RENDALL

Available now!

2773 SERIES THE WAY TO CONNECT! FOR SOLID & 7-STRANDED CONDUCTORS

2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- & 8-con versions

From 0.75 - 4mm² for solid & 7-stranded conductors, 450V / 32A.

Transparent housing for safety checks!

search for WAGO Limited

NEW!

Part No. 207-4301

LARGE WIRING CENTRE WITH 221 SERIES CONNECTORS

Populate it your way with our quick and easy 221 lever connectors (4mm² only).

Max of 60 conductors, 120mm centre mounting holes & 12 cable entries.

Suitable for heating, lighting and control applications!

DIGITAL EDITOR: TOM TRACEY tom.tracey@sng-publishing.co.uk GRAPHIC DESIGNER: LEE OWEN design@sng-publishing.co.uk ADVERTISING: PATRICK BLORE patrick.blore@sng-publishing.co.uk

Back stronger than ever!

W

OPERATIONS MANAGER: EMILY HILTON emily.hilton@sng-publishing.co.uk

elcome to the start of the new academic year! If you’re new to the industry, well done on making a fantastic career choice and welcome to your very first issue of SPARKS Magazine, your course companion.

MANAGING DIRECTOR: ZOË TANNER zoe.tanner@sng-publishing.co.uk TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTOR: Mike Davies PRINTERS Stephens & George, Wales

GENERAL ENQUIRIES To subscribe to SPARKS Magazine call 0121 606 3016 or subscribe online at www.sparks-magazine.co.uk

DISCLAIMER SPARKS Magazine is published by SNG Publishing Ltd (SNG).

All content and artwork is © SNG Publishing Ltd or its contributors and SNG is a trade mark of SNG Publishing Ltd. No part of SPARKS Magazine may be copied, transmitted or published in any form or by any means without prior permission.

Although SNG has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of this publication, it does not verify any claims or other information appearing in the advertisements contained in SPARKS Magazine. It therefore cannot accept any responsibility whatsoever for consequences that may arise from the content or artwork contained in SPARKS Magazine, including any errors or omissions or any opinions or advice given therein.

This publication and its content is not a substitute for professional advice on a particular matter.

Advertisements are accepted for publication in SPARKS Magazine only upon SNG Publishing Ltd standard terms of advertising.

If you've seen us before, you'll know our Summer issue earlier this year was digitalonly, with colleges being closed, so it's great to be getting one step closer back to normality with this issue.

Pandemic or no pandemic, one thing’s for certain, we all need electricity so you should never be short of work. Make sure every job you do is to the best of your ability, always be honest and on time and above all, enjoy what you’re doing! Having a positive attitude is so important, especially in times like these.

One fun way to strengthen your success in this trade is by entering competitions. Try to enter as many competitions as you can. Not only will your confidence go through the roof but you’ll be more attractive to prospective employers too! In this issue, we’re excited to announce the winner of the SPARKS Apprentice of the Year 2020 competition, and feature photos of Alex’s work along with photos from other competitors.

Congratulations also goes to the winners of our Learner of the Month competitions. Both competitions are free to enter, so head to our website for more information.

Fancy testing your knowledge so far? Check out the head-scratching revision questions at the end of the magazine.

See you in the next issue - or online!

Tom Tracey

Digital Editor

SEARCH FOR SPARKS MAGAZINE

© SNG Publishing Ltd, 2020

EDITOR'S NOTE 02

SPARKS I AUTU MN 2 0 2 0 I E D I TO R ' S N OT E

FEATURES 02 Editor’s Note 04

News

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17

05 Digital column & #FixPix 07

20 Questions with Kirsty Johnson

08 SPARKS Apprentice of the Year 2020 15 Ventilation 101 17 Top tips for installing electric showers 20 What’s new in hand tools?

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22 What’s a Mini AFDD? 24 Wiring a dimmable driver 25 Lose the screws - go screwless!

26 Klein Tools supports apprentices in the new ‘normal’

27 The ECS Card 29 AM2S: Preparation is key 30 What’s in your toolbag? with Ryan Davis 32 Test your knowledge: False alarms!

34 Test your knowledge: Smart home

25

56

36 Getting smart!

37 Bosch competition 38 Test your knowledge: Lightning protection 40 Spot the difference 41 SPARKS Learner of the Month 56 Hall of Shame

EXERCISES

30

45 Fire safety 46

Smart home tech

48 Home automation 50

Wiring accessories

52 General electrical knowledge 53

Matching units and quantities

54 Electro-technical questions 55

Wordsearch

CONTENTS C ON T E N T S I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

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TIMES T H E

L A T E S T

N E W S

F R O M

T H E

E L E C T R I C A L

I N D U S T R Y

SECTT supports apprentices New Course who've been made redundant for Learners

T

he new EAL NVQ Level 3 Certificate in Power Supply and Distribution Cabling is an occupational qualification for learners who work in the electrotechnical industry. The course is specifically for learners carrying out either power supply distribution cabling or cable jointing and require a formal qualification to facilitate progression to becoming industry recognised in their role. This new qualification is available immediately and the JIB will help training providers and colleges deliver this qualification route.

The course content was created from working with cabling and jointing contractors, the ECA, Unite the Union, the Joint Industry Board (JIB) and the Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS) through the JIB Cabling and Jointing Committee.

For more info about the JIB visit: www.jib.org.uk

A

pprentices made redundant by the COVID-19 crisis are being offered a lifeline by an industry-focused charitable trust backed by one of Scotland’s largest trade associations.

Anne Galbraith, chief executive of SECTT, said: “As well as advice and a friendly ear, we want to be able to support the redundant apprentices to continue at college so that they can complete the stage they are in, as this makes them more attractive to employers. We have been identifying those at risk and supplying laptops so that they can remain in contact and complete any online course work.”

For more info about SECTT, visit: www.select.org.uk

Schneider Electric unveils blueprint to transform homes from smart to substainable

S

ustainable smart homes could be a reality for consumers within the next 10 years according to Schneider Electric, the leader in digital transformation of energy management and automation.

At the Sustainable Home of the Future at IFA 2020, Schneider Electric launched an exciting new range of smart home energy solutions under its Wiser brand. The new products, Power Tag, Acti9 Active and the

04

efficient room-by-room Temperature Control system can be easily and inexpensively fitted into people’s existing homes and controlled via a single app, representing a significant step forward on the path to sustainable houses.

The new products promise to increase safety, while giving consumers more insights on their energy usage and the corresponding impact in CO2 emissions.

For more info, visit: www.se.com/uk/en/

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I N E WS

Mark Allison

DIGITAL COLUMN

BY TOM TRACEY, DIGITAL EDITOR

Any initiative supporting apprentices is something we will always get behind.

Mark says he gets around ten enquiries from apprentices each day through his website and a similar amount on Instagram. He takes the information such as location, stage of apprenticeship and the sector they are looking for and tries to find a match with an employer.

There is still a shortage of employers on the Apprentice121 scheme, so what are Mark’s tips for standing out from the crowd?

“Apprentices need to be themselves, research employers and have some underpinning knowledge of the industry, even if it’s not technical. Be confident and communicate well.

So when we found out about a new initiative which launched at the start of the lockdown, Apprentice121, we were keen to find out more.

“Having an Instagram account for examples of any work completed can be really good. Have a CV and keep in touch with local wholesalers, they often know who has openings for work.”

Set up by electrician Mark Allison, the initiative aims to help apprentices find jobs - particularly those who lost theirs during the lockdown.

To see if Mark can help you, send an enquiry on his website apprentice121.co.uk, message the page on Instagram or join the dedicated LinkedIn group.

Apprentice121 has already received support from the likes of NAPIT and Super Rod and Mark has already helped 'matchmake' more than 100 apprentices with employers around the country.

GET IN TOUCH!

#FIXPIX

Everyone loves a good wiring pic. If you’ve worked on something epic, make sure you take a photo and tag us on social media with #FixPix so that you can get the recognition you deserve!

SPARKSMagazineUK #F I X PI X I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

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Best bit of free merch you’ve received? and tees Some amazing hoodies ear rkw from Stonebridge Wo

QUESTIONS Kirsty Johnson, 19, is a second-year electrical apprentice based in County Durham. She works mostly in the domestic sector in the areas of maintenance, testing and inspection.

What is your favourite smell?

Cinnamon candles Best holiday destinatio n?

Thailand

?

Favourite tool rs .K CombiCutte Has to be my C

do on the job?

Least favourite task to ts or insulation Anything that involves lof

Most useful su perpower for an electric ian?

X-ray vision… to find those hidden cables with ease

If you could ta ke only three items to a desert island, what would th ey be?

My phone, my glasses and so me factor 50 sun cream

What’s the best packed lunch combo?

Tandoori chicken sandwic h and ready salted crisps

What’s your go-to karao ke song?

Sweet Caroline

Biggest influence on yo ur career?

My mam. Really support ed me when I decided to go int oa male-dominated industry

ician, If you weren’t an electr ? be u yo what would job in a y da tur I used to have a Sa resser ird ha a hair salon, so maybe

ssiest on-site?

Which trade is the me but if you ask I would say the joiners, great pride in everyone else they take saying electricians!

What is the last complim ent you received?

It was a message to my Instagram page from a young girl looking to sta rt getting into the trade and my page had made her feel more confident about going int o the industry

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H IP I WINTE R 2 0 2 0 I 2 0 Q UE S T IO N S

Favourite fast food restaura nt?

As a northern girl it’s gotta be Greggs

Tell us something you think everyone should do at least once in their lives?

Sky dive! Haven’t done it myself but looking to get book ed up for a charity dive soon

Scariest thing you’ve ever done?

I’m a bit of a wimp so I get freaked out working in remote properties in the dark

er had?

Worst haircut you’ve ev ssors to sci my k too Probably when I r! fou s wa I en my hair wh

?

Top five items on a fry-up wns, Sausage, egg, hash bro ! bacon and maple syrup

Last book you read cover-to-cover?

The Regs! It’s really hard to keep a straight face when saying that… hahaha!

@the_female_spark

If you could have any an imal as a pet, what would you have?

An alpaca!

APPRENTICE OF THE YEAR 2020 COMPETITION IS FINALLY COMPLETE!

Massive congratulations to this year’s winner, Alex Rendall, who despite the strange circumstances managed to come out on top and join the group of ten previous winners. Turn over the page to read his reaction to winning the competition.

D

ozens of competitors took part in seven regional heats between January and March across the country, before the lockdown caused the competition to be postponed.

The seven regional winners completed a short online written test. The results were combined with their score from the regional heats and the top three went on to a one-day live final at their own colleges on 24th September 2020. The top three were: Alex Rendall (Bridgwater & Taunton College), Lucas Murgatroyd (Kirklees College) and Conal McCrissican (South Eastern Regional College, Northern Ireland).

“

SPARKS Magazine’s Emily Hilton said: “The standard of competition was excellent this year, it’s wonderful to see the next generation of electricians showcase their skills. We’re thrilled that the 2020 final went ahead in this new format which allowed competitors to compete in the final safely.”

As well as the prestige that comes from winning the competition, each year there are fantastic, career-boosting prizes up for grabs. The prizes this year have been donated by well-known industry names including sponsors Schneider Electric, Electric Center, WAGO, DEWALT, The IET, Connexbox, Blaklader, NAPIT and Volkswagen.

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SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I AOY 2 0 2 0

REGIONAL WINNERS KAIDEN ASHUN

GEORGIA OWENS

ISAAC DUFFIELD

ARKADIUSZ DUDA

CARDIFF AND VALE COLLEGE WALES WINNER

MIDDLESBROUGH COLLEGE NORTH EAST WINNER

NORWICH COLLEGE

LEEDS COLLEGE OF BUILDING MIDLANDS WINNER

“I feel ecstatic,” said Kaiden on being named winner of the Welsh heat, “it’s been a really good experience. It really boosted my confidence. The test was challenging, it was difficult at times but you’ve got to power through and I got there in the end.” Kaiden’s lecturer Geoff Shaw, said: “He’s a pretty good student, to be fair!"

Georgia said she was “really happy” to win the North East heat of SPARKS Apprentice of the Year – the first competition she’d entered. “Once I’d calmed down it was really good fun,” she said.

Georgia’s instructor Iain Perkins said: “I’m really proud of her, she’s one of the best.”

SOUTH EAST WINNER

Isaac said: “I can’t believe I’ve done it, I’m thrilled. The test was challenging but I kept calm and I think that’s what’s won it for me. I’ve seen the standard of the othersʼ work and didn’t think I would win – I’m over the moon!”

Isaac’s lecturer Mark Watling said: “He’s really applied himself this year, he’s got an eye for detail and that’s been evident today.”

“I feel happy and proud of myself,” said Arkadiusz after his win, adding that he’s been studying electrics for five years but had never entered a competition before. Lecturer Tony Emeny said: “I’m dead chuffed – you won’t believe how good I feel!

Arkadiusz has done a really good job and I’m so proud.”

AOY 2020 I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

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THE FINALISTS On the day of the final, the SPARKS team headed off to different corners of the UK to make sure the competition ran smoothly - and hand out those allimportant prizes.

SPARKS: How did you find the competition?

Conal: It was tricky, but I got my head down and did it. I flew through the conduit work and clamping, but the timing is tricky - making sure your timing is good, not taking too long on certain parts.

SPARKS: How has the competition helped you?

CONAL MCCRISSICAN SOUTH EASTERN REGIONAL COLLEGE, N.IRELAND

Conal: The competition has helped me in making sure measurements are perfect. I put more time and effort into my work.

KIRKLEES COLLEGE

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Conal: I’d been labouring on site but electrical seemed the most suited for me - I wasn’t into doing the heavier labour trades.

SPARKS: What would you like to achieve in your career?

Conal: I’d like to be a good spark. I want to go to Australia and tour around with it once I get the qualifications.

SPARKS: Why should people enter the 2021 competition?

SPARKS: What made you choose electrical?

Conal: Definitely go forward for it.

There’s no harm in trying! It gives you a boost and lets you see how you are doing compared to other people.

SPARKS: What made you enter the competition?

SPARKS: What would you like to achieve in your career?

Lucas: The college put me forward.

I’ve enjoyed every moment, to be fair.

I’ve had great support, it’s a great opportunity and it’s a great scheme you’ve got going! I’m happy to be a part of it. It’s made me realise I’m a lot better than I thought I was.

Lucas: I’d like to work for myself one day. I want to push myself, see how far I can get and challenge the game.

SPARKS: How did you find it?

LUCAS MURGATROYD

W

e caught up with runner-up Conal McCrissican from South Eastern Regional College and third-placed Lucas Murgatroyd from Kirklees College.

Lucas: It was quite challenging. It was different to what I expected but managed to get it completed in the time given - and I’m quite happy with how I did. I practised a lot of conduit and clipping. Testing at the end was tricky though.

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I AOY 2 0 2 0

SPARKS: Why should people enter the 2021 competition?

Lucas: You should always push yourself. It’s a good chance to meet new people, try new things, and you don’t know how far you’re going to get, so give it a go.

MEET THE WINNER ALEX RENDALL Nine months after taking part in the first regional heat in the South West, Alex Rendall was announced as the winner of SPARKS Apprentice of the Year 2020, dropping just two marks in the final.

SPARKS: Congratulations Alex! How do you feel, having won the competition?

Alex: I’m over the moon, really happy. All the hard work was worth it. I’ll celebrate with a couple of beers! It’s definitely a big confidence booster. I can go into work and wind my colleagues up now!

SPARKS: What will you do with all the amazing prizes?

Alex: I’ll use them in my day to day job.

SPARKS: What’s been the best part of the experience?

Alex: Arriving this morning and awaiting the drawing to see what I had to do in the final.

“There are fantastic prizes on offer and it’s a great experience to meet new people!”

SPARKS: Why should people enter the 2021 competition?

SPARKS: What made you enter the competition?

Alex: There are fantastic prizes on offer, it’s a great experience to meet new people and you get to work with products you might not work with on a day-to-day basis. It’s great to build your confidence, as you get the plans in the morning and have to keep calm and figure out how you’re going to do it.

Alex: It all started off at college.

They mentioned it to me and I thought it sounded interesting so went from there really.

SPARKS: How did you find the competition?

Alex: It wasn’t too bad, it’s just making sure everything was set up. The most challenging bit was making sure the bridges were the same. I find wiring sockets the easiest as that’s what I do most days."

SPARKS: What made you choose electrical?

Alex: My old man’s a builder, so I used to go along with him at the weekend and saw all the different trades and thought I fancied electrical.

Alex’s lecturer, Roger Rogers, said: “I’m really chuffed, really pleased with his work. Alex is very good, he’s finished a year early and we’re really proud of him. He’s done really well in the last two years. The world is his oyster."

AOY 2020 I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

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THANK YOU

TO OUR SPONSORS

T

he whole team at SPARKS would like to thank our amazing sponsors for their support throughout this year's competition.

Whether it's providing amazing prizes for competitors, the latest products to use in the tests or helping to judge the competition, they continue to be a vital part of SPARKS Apprentice of the Year.

Plus, they help make the competition t-shirts look pretty cool (we think so anyway!)

We’d also like to thank our head judges, Alan Redford and Geoff Brittain of NAPIT, for their help and expertise throughout the competition.

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Official Tool Sponsor

Official Van Sponsor

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I AOY 2 0 2 0

THE COMPETITION RETURNS

LE ARNER OF THE YEAR

2021

COULD THIS BE YOUR YEAR? T H E N E X T G E N E R AT I O N S TA R T S N O W …

With a new name and a new format, we’re excited to announce the launch of the 2021 SPARKS Learner of the Year competition.

WWW.SPARKS -MAGAZINE.CO.UK

Ventilation

New to ventilation? Here’s what you need to know. > WHAT DOES AN EXTRACTOR FAN DO? Extractor fans remove steam from rooms with high moisture content in the air. Good ventilation is essential to avoid condensation and mould.

101

> WHY HAVE A TIMER? Extractor fans are often turned on and off with the light switch.

In order to clear a room of moisture laden air, a fan needs to keep running after the light has been turned off. You can achieve this by installing a fan with an overrun timer. > WHAT IS A HUMIDISTAT? A humidistat is a sensor that detects steamy air and then automatically extracts it. The fan will then turn itself off again once humidity has reduced. > WHICH FAN SHOULD I INSTALL? Installing an axial fan through an outside wall is the easiest, most direct way. For larger properties, or where long ducts are needed, use a centrifugal or inline fan. Avoid mounting fans on plasterboard ceilings or stud partition walls since vibrations can amplify noise.

Opt for variable speed models which can be set to meet the individual airflow needs of the project, especially helpful with long duct runs.

> WHAT SIZE FAN SHOULD I FIT? Building Regulations Part F gives guidance on the required level of airflow needed by room and house size. Choosing the right fan for the job will ensure that steam and smells are removed at source. Always check you are working to the most recent Building Regulations.

HOT TIP IF YOU CHOOSE AN IPX5 / ZONE 1 FAN YOU CAN INSTALL IT ALMOST ANYWHERE!

For more info, check out: www.vent-axia.com V E N T I L AT I ON I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

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Replacement made easy.

Mira Jump Multi-fit Electric shower 36 combinations for electrical and water connections to make replacement easy. Showers designed alongside installers, for installers.

www.mirashowers.co.uk

Mira’s TOP TIPS

Mark Bignell, Electrical and Facilities Manager at Mira Showers, offers his top tips for successfully installing an electric shower. > ISOLATE THE ELECTRICS

1

Follow safe isolation, locking off the supply and testing for dead procedures, often referred to as Locking Off & Tagging Out (LOTO). > ISOLATE THE WATER

2

Turn off the water supply from the mains. Before removing the old shower, slowly loosen the compression nut to ensure it’s been completely isolated. You can retighten quickly if necessary! > READ THE MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTIONS (MI)

3

Follow the MI and complete a cable calculation to determine the cable size required based on the kW rating of the new shower. Especially important when replacing existing showers - there’s no guarantee the previous installation was completed correctly! > CHECK THE SIZE OF THE PROTECTIVE DEVICE

4

It’s surprising how many showers suffer from nuisance tripping from undersized or oversized circuit protection.

> CHECK FOR RCD PROTECTION

5

BS 7671 requires installation of suitable RCD protection. Older installations may not have RCD protection. We’d recommend fitting RCD protection to the shower circuit. > DO I NEED TO NOTIFY?

6

NICEIC states: “Carrying out work in the bathroom that requires any addition or alteration to existing circuits, could be notifiable to your local building control department to ensure it meets the correct safety standards.” > SELECTING THE SHOWER

7

As well as the usual electrical considerations, identify the side in which the water and electrical supply enters the shower. However, multifit showers, e.g. Mira Jump, allow water and electrical supplies to connect on either side of the shower - ideal for replacement showers.

For further info, check out www.mirashowers.co.uk

E L EC T RI C SH OWE RS I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

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#71 #75 # Arc faults can cause fires.

Wylex AFDDs detect and disconnect arc faults to prevent fires.

AFDDs protect ring circuits, radial circuits, spurs and leads too.

#35 #64 # 71% of electrical professionals agree AFDDs can help prevent electrical fires.

AFDDs with switched neutral.

As standard.

THIS SMALL DEVICE PREVENTS FIRES WYLEX SINGLE MODULE AFDD

TO FIND OUT MORE

wylexreasons.co.uk

#46 #95 3 products in a single module.

Our AFDD also does the job of an MCB and an RCD.

We provide product solutions that help you comply with the wiring regulations.

#44 #28 You asked for smaller, more affordable AFDDS that are still as efficient – we’ve delivered.

Our new AFDD is half the size it used to be.

What’s

NEW

KNIPEX PreciStrip16 Automatic Insulation Strippers > Our new KNIPEX PreciStrip16 insulation strippers quickly and precisely strip fine, flexible and solid cables. > Wide capacity range from 0.08 to 16 mm² > Cable cutter which reliably cuts flexible cables up to 16 mm² and solid conductors up to 6 mm² > Parabolic stripping blades separate insulation from both extremely fine-stranded and solid round cables

1

in hand tools?

KNIPEX Quality – Made in Germany

KNIPEX UK marketing manager David Barnes takes you through the latest trends in hand tools.

Hand tools are important for electricians and highly repetitive tasks are made quicker and more comfortable with the right tool for the job. You may think that pliers have not changed all that much over the years, but innovations and new features are designed and incorporated into hand tools on a regular basis to save time and effort for electricians. Here are a few examples of this from our innovations for 2020.

1 Crimping Pliers The KNIPEX chrome-plated adjustable crimping pliers are ideal for crimping wire ferrules > With a narrow handle width and improved ergonomics > Self-adjusting pliers to the size of wire ferrules > Perfect for repetitive, high crimping quality

2

2 Cable Shears With the new KNIPEX StepCut Cable Shears (here in the VDE version), KNIPEX has made it easier to cut cables! > Stepped blades, with a milled serrated edge > Reduced effort required by up to 40 percent! > Clean cut without the cables being crushed in the cutting process > Only 160 mm long > Ergonomic design of the handles enables an optimum cutting feel > Pinch guard also prevents injuries

3 Pipe Cutters Our new pipe cutters are designed to save you time and energy when cutting plastic composite pipes > Interchangeable blades > Leaves clean, smooth and burr-free finish > With an opening spring and locking device

4 Bolt Cutter The new KNIPEX CoBoltÂŽ S is a compact bolt cutter which makes cutting round materials even easier! > Recessed blade to help cut bolts, rivets and nails with a diameter up to 4.4 mm > Enhanced leverage makes cutting larger cross-sections easier > Small, slim pliers head ensures good accessibility in tight spaces > Length of only 160 mm makes it suitable for smaller hands, and it weighs just 200 g

To keep up to date with KNIPEX tools, why not follow us on our social media platforms!

Instagram@ knipex_uk

Facebook@ knipex.uk

Twitter@ knipex_uk

www.knipex.com

4

3

WHAT’S A

MINI AFDD?

While RCDs and MCBs protect against overcurrent, short circuit and earth leakage protection, they’re unable to detect arcing, leaving a gap in the safety provision.

ELECTRIUM

> HOW IT WORKS FDDs (arc fault • By using microprocessors, it monitors the condition of the circuits and detection devices) automatically disconnects any dangerous arc fault thus preventing an provide a higher electrical fire. level of protection than ever • The SIARC software analyses a wide range of criteria, not only current and before by detecting dangerous voltage. It constantly measures the intensity, stability and duration of high faults that older technologies frequency (HF noise) and the gaps between noise segments. It distinguishes like MCBs and RCDs Boastingbetween three‘operational levels ofsparking’ safety–in easy-fit single module, Crabtree’s likeone in washing machines and vacuum cannot detect. cleaner motors – andaabnormal could denote a potentially Mini AFDD represents majoractivity step that forward in smarter electrical safety Crabtree’s Starbreaker mini dangerous event.

AFDD takes up the same space • The software repeatedly ou could be forgiven Serial a as an MCB but includes three Fig 1 makes multiple for thinking that circuit typically fou technologies, protection devicesevery are not frayed/dam calculations MCB, RCB ‘smart’.

It’s an easyarc mistake conductors second.

If an and AFDD. It to make when your go-to’s that occur detection signal does fits easily into are comparatively simple conductor not and break allwhich five of its devices like MCBs RCDs, have circuit. Par a consumer detection criteria, the been around for a long time and which are conductors unit and can decidedly not smart.

These arcin device will not operate be integrated Even though these familiar overheating (Fig 1).

Only dangerous into domestic technologies are appropriately used to insulation a arcs will be greater than installations, help to provide particular levels of safety Parallel all five detection criteria in electrical installations and to provide with damag keeping you in this leads the AFDD protection – forand people and property, allows curr line with the against the dangers that canand ariseremove from These can to operate 18th Edition. certain types ofthe electrical faults –arc theythat are lead to igni dangerous limited to that level of protection by the surroundin could lead to a fire. nature of the technology that they use.

Parallel

A

A SMARTER AND SAFER FUTURE F

Y

However,Bringing is that levelthree of safety high levels enough? of safety in one easySmarter circuit protection devices are fit single module, now available.

‘Mini’ only refers Crabtree’s New devices are in the Starbreaker market that to the size of the can provide additional levels of protection.

Mini AFDD represents AFDD and not AFDDs, (arc afault detection devices) usein major step forward its capability! microprocessors to monitor the condition smarter electrical safety. of electrical circuits and will automatically disconnect any circuits that suffer from a dangerous arc fault, thus preventing an electrical fire. These smart little devices provide a higher level of protection than ever before by detecting dangerous faults that older technologies likeFor MCBs and info further RCDs cannot detect.

Until now, designers and installers of electrical installations have not been fault 22 SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0able 2 0 to I access WIRINarc G AC C Edetection S SORI Edevices S that would fit easily into consumer units.

However, Crabtree has overcome that

by MCBs, R current flow be less tha Parallel arc faults. Whi against ove leakage pro arcing, leav (HF noise) to look at the intensity stability Figure 1 and duration and the gaps between noise segments to reliably distinguish between ‘operational sparking’ – for example, in washing machines and vacuum cleaner motorswww.electrium.co.uk/mini-AFDD – and abnormal activity that could visit: denote a potentially dangerous event.

The software works by repeatedly The Crabtree making numerous calculations per Starbreaker mini AFDD delivers second. If an arc detection signal does maximum safety with not break all five of the detection criteria a minimum footprint shown in Figure 1 it will not fit into the

Crabtre Mini AF

Delivering m minimum f fully with th Crabtree’s two-pole sw isolate any ensuring co installers, h

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Call our UK Customer Service line 01392 368351

WIRING A DIMMABLE DRIVER

Lighting manufacturer Ansell Lighting offers its top tips for installing its own DD1 dimmable switch.

2

For a DD1 Switch Dim or ‘pressto-dim’ set up, a permanent live is required for both the dimmer and the driver. This ensures that when a dim level has been set, the driver can ‘hold’ the luminaire at the desired level.

3

TOP TIPS

1

With standard wiring of a Class 1 luminaire, just a switch, live, neutral and earth are required. A common misconception is that the DD1 is wired in exactly the same way as mains or TRIAC dimmable.

When it comes to the switch, we are talking about a ‘push to make’ retractive switch. The permanent live is required at the switch into the common terminal. Coming out of the L1 terminal is the switch live, which is then in turn terminated into the switch live on the driver.

This completes the wiring.

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DID YOU KNOW? ANSELL LIGHTING OFFERS HANDY INSTALLATION VIDEOS ON ITS WEBSITE

4

Functionally, the switch will turn on and off with a simple quick press.

Pressing and holding will dim the luminaires smoothly. Once the switch is released, the dim level will be held. On a further push, the luminaires will be dimmed in the opposite direction.

SwitchDIM with one operation point

5

If the luminaires are not all at the same level or are dimming in opposite directions, you can synchronise these by simply pressing and holding the switch for 25 seconds. The luminaires will then all reset and revert back to 100% output.

For more info visit: www.anselluk.com

LOSE THE SCREWS – GO SCREWLESS! With poor connection believed to be the source of almost half of all system failures, there has never been a better time to get a fail-safe method of connection.

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S

DID YOU KNOW?

witching to WAGO TOPJOB® S Rail-Mount Terminal Blocks promises to reduce wiring time, eliminate routine maintenance and provide a reliable and high performing wire connection contact.

WAGO SCREWLESS TECHNOLOGY MAKES WIRING UP TO 264% FASTER

> TOOL-FREE CONNECTION The Push-In CAGE CLAMP® in the TOPJOB® S Rail-Mount Terminal Block ensures a quality connection through a precise, uniform contact that does not require the use of any special tools. > TIME SAVING The wiring time of WAGO Screwless technology is up to 264% quicker when compared to manual wiring of screw-type terminals. > RELIABILITY The WAGO TOPJOB® S Rail-Mount Terminal Block is designed for maximum reliability. The Push-in CAGE CLAMP® spring is protected by the upper surface of the cage and

For more info, visit: www.wago.com by a positive stop on the insulation housing, preventing overstressing.

This ensures no damage to the terminal block during operation. > ‘GAS-TIGHT’ CONNECTION The Push-in CAGE CLAMP® automatically adjusts for settling strands and changes in wire size and easily deals with the consequences of changes in temperature as contact parts heat up and cool down. The resulting connection is ‘gas-tight’ preventing the unwanted ingress of corrosive gases.

> VIBRATION-PROOF Unlike screw-type terminal blocks, WAGO Push-in CAGE CLAMP® connections do not require checking or retightening loose connections resulting from vibration, temperature cycling or settling strands.

The WAGO TOPJOB® S Rail-Mount Terminal Block is available in three types to suit a range of applications: > Lever > Push-button > Operating Slot

> SIDE ENTRY

1

The stripped wire (solid, stranded, flexible or ferruled) is introduced up to the terminal block

2

The CAGE CLAMP® spring is pressed down and wire inserted

3

The pressure is released and wire automatically clamped

WI RI N G AC C E S SORI E S I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

25

KLEIN TOOLS SUPPORTS

APPRENTICES IN THE

NEW ‘NORMAL’

Klein Tools talks about the effect coronavirus is having on the way apprentices will learn in this academic year and what it is offering to support their journey.

> WHAT'S CHANGING?

1

Teaching will be different, technology will play a much bigger part in sharing knowledge, and creating teaching resources.

2 3

Practical workshop sessions will change, as students are no longer able to share tools.

The number of students in a classroom will reduce due to social distancing measures.

> SAVE OVER 50% WITH THE KLEINPROKIT > We are offering a bespoke kit at a heavily discounted rate for all apprentices and colleges

> INDIVIDUAL TOOL KITS FOR STUDENTS ARE SAFER > We want to make sure electrical apprentices train using quality and safe hand tools, not only the best, but to ensure the safest start to their professional careers > Students and apprentices not sharing tools during practice sessions and carrying their own tool kit will reduce the risk of spreading the virus

This offer gives students 50% off normal RRP!

> This comprehensive kit includes all the basic tools you need to start as an electrical apprentice i.e. screwdrivers, cutters, pliers, tape measure, level, and some Super Rod products > The content of this kit normally sells for over £300, and is now available for only £139.95 + VAT, this represents over 50% saving for students > Easy ordering system - go to your City Electrical Factor local branch or use the new CEF Trade App and search for KLEINPROKIT

For more information about the kit go to: www.cef.co.uk/catalogue/products/4834212-12-piece-tradesman-pro-tool-kit

26

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I KL E IN TO O L S

Super Rod Ltd T: +44(0)1495 792000 E: sales@super-rod.co.uk

YOU CAN APPLY FOR YOUR ECS CARD NOW You’re probably already thinking about your future, when your hard work and training will be rewarded with a fulfilling job and growing bank account! Make sure you apply for your ECS Card.

T

he ECS Card is the only card scheme for electrotechnical operatives in the UK that’s partnered with CSCS, and it’s recognised and endorsed by the electrical industry. > WHY DO I NEED AN ECS CARD? Holding an ECS Card shows that your skills and qualifications have been checked and verified by the Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS). Proving what skills and qualifications you’ve achieved will be essential during your apprenticeship and your working life. > HOW AND WHEN CAN I APPLY? If you haven’t already received your first ECS Apprentice Card, then ask your training provider to register you with the JIB. You can apply for one

at any stage of your apprenticeship.

Your college or training provider will be able to give you more information, so ask them about the JIB and ECS cards. > WHAT SHOULD I DO NEXT? Once you’ve got your card, download the MyECS app so you can show your virtual ECS card off with pride! > WHAT IS AN ECS GOLD CARD? Once you complete your training, you can receive your ultimate ECS Gold Card - this becomes your employment ‘passport’ and shows that you are trained to the Level 3 industry standard. If you have, or when you gain, the 18th Edition Wiring Regulations qualification, you can apply for ECS Registered Electrician status.

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DID YOU KNOW? YOU CAN APPLY FOR YOUR ECS CARD AT ANY STAGE OF YOUR APPRENTICESHIP For more info visit: www.ecscard.org.uk

T R A I N I N G I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

27

Preparation is key

The more prepared you are for your AM2S, the more confident you will be going into the assessment. NET offers the following advice for anyone preparing for their assessment.

> WHAT IS THE AM2S?

> THE CHECKLIST

The AM2S, or End Point Assessment, is an in-depth assessment where you will need to carry out specific tasks to prove you’ve understood what you’ve been learning during your apprenticeship.

It’s broken down into different sections, such as installation, fault-finding, safe isolation and inspection & testing.

What you will have to do in the assessment is already laid out for you in the ‘Readiness for Assessment’ checklist. Each section is clearly broken down, so you will need to ask yourself how much knowledge and experience you have in each area.

It’s the pinnacle of your training and so you should be proud to demonstrate everything you’ve learnt during your apprenticeship – you’ve worked hard for this, so it’s time to show off your skills!

If there are areas where you’re not feeling confident, your lecturer should produce an action plan for you. You will then be able to work on the areas where you need more knowledge or practical experience.

> BOOKING YOUR ASSESSMENT Before you’re allowed to book your AM2S assessment, the checklist must be signed by you, your employer and lecturer to confirm you’re ready. Remember, preparation is key and will help you feel confident on the day.

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DID YOU KNOW? THERE ARE USEFUL TIPS ON HOW TO PREPARE FOR YOUR AM2 ON THE NET WEBSITE

For more info, visit: www.netservices.org.uk/candidate-guidance T R A I N I N G I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

29

WHAT’S IN YOUR TOOL BAG?

RYAN DAVIS

Ryan Davis started his electrical apprenticeship at 16 and has been qualified for 13 years. Ryan says he enjoys “all aspects of electrical work, whether it be rewires or fault finding”.

“Over the years, I’ve tried not to stick to just electrical work but to expand my knowledge into access control and CCTV.”

> KNIPEX ERGOSTRIP A versatile tool which I love to use. There’s not a cable that this won’t strip.

@rdaviselectrical

“I do have favourite tool brands, but I tend to buy whatever tool works best for me”

> FULL SET An electrician's tool kit is constantly evolving, but here's a look at Ryan's current kit.

> WERA ZYKLOP MINI RATCHET This tool can be used as an adjustable ratchet but with the attachment it becomes a ratcheting screwdriver.

HOT TOOL TIP TOOLS THAT DO MORE THAN ONE JOB MEAN YOU CAN FREE UP SPACE IN YOUR BAG - OR POCKETS

> KNIPEX INSTALLATION PLIERS > VETO TECH MCT I’ve had many tool bags in my time that don’t tend to last longer than a year. This bag is the most well-built bag I’ve owned.

I prefer tools that can do more than one job so I can limit what I have in my pockets. These pliers will cut, strip, crimp and bend cable.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

FALSE ALARMS! Safety Technology International, a specialist manufacturer of fire, safety and security products, has provided the following article to test your knowledge. See if you can correctly answer the questions below.

T

he latest Home Office figures reveal there were 3,139 false fire alarms caused by ‘malicious activation of a fire call point/alarm’ in England during 2018/19 - the highest figure on record! > THE SOLUTION As recommended in BS 58391:2017, manual call points can be fitted with protective covers to prevent false fire alarms.

Safety Technology International manufactures a range of protective covers, from integral covers to outdoor and sounder models variations to suit all applications.

These covers are designed to prevent accidental or malicious false alarms.

> WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW In the 2013 version of BS 5839-1, the use of a protective cover was seen as a variation to the recommendation to use Type A (direct operation) call points.

However, upon reviewing the requirements of BS EN 54-11 it was decided in the 2017 update that moving a protective cover has not yet broken the frangible element and so the call point remains Type A with no variation to the standard.

Although there is no requirement to fit protective covers to existing installations, it is advisable especially where there is a history of false activation.

The BSI recommends: “All MCPs should be fitted with a protective cover, which is moved to gain access to the frangible elements.”

TRUE OR FALSE? Q1 To comply with BS 58391:2017, only manual call points in vulnerable locations need a protective cover.

True: False: Q2 A manual call point fitted with a protective cover is no longer considered a variation under BS 5839-1:2017.

True: False: Q3 Protective covers will only prevent the accidental activation of a manual call point.

True: False: Q4 The updated recommendations in BS 5839-1:2017 mean all manual call points will need to be retroactively fitted with a call point cover.

True: False: Q5 It would be advisable for protective covers to be fitted to any pre-existing call points that have the potential to initiate a false alarm.

For more info visit: sti-emea.com

True: False:

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

32

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I S M AR T HO M E , F I RE & SEC U RI T Y

Studying for a career in the electrical industry?

Find out how the IET can help

As co-publisher of BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations), we have lots of information and guidance available to help you get into the electrical industry.

From informative articles on different ways into industry and the most relevant qualifications, to videos designed to help de-mystify certain areas of the Wiring Regulations, our website is full of useful resources for electrical students, including: – – – –

Books for students, such as the Student’s Guide to the IET Wiring Regulations The Student’s Guide video series including topics such as Safe Isolation and Risk Assessment Wiring Matters magazine articles to help you with your studies A job profile bank detailing some of the many different career options available to you when you qualify

Visit theiet.org/elec-students to find out more

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

SMART HOME

SPARKS has teamed up with CEDIA, the international trade organisation for the home technology industry, to test your knowledge on smart homes. See how you get on with these multiple-choice questions. > CABLING INFRASTRUCTURE Q1 The simplest type of communication cable testing (continuity and/or mapping) is called: A. certification B. verification C. qualification D. clarification > THE HOME HUB Q2 Most failures of electronic equipment are due to: A. faulty manufacturing B. excessive heat over time C. design flaws D. user error

> DISTRIBUTED AUDIO

> VIDEO CALIBRATION

Q5 A system that allows the choice of both radio and internet music, with all rooms receiving the same programming is:

Q7 The ideal primary viewing distance from the image is:

A. multi-zone/multi-source B. single-zone/multi-source C. single-zone/single-source D. constant voltage > DISTRIBUTED VIDEO Q6 The standard aspect ratio for High Definition content is: A. 4:3 B. 16:9 C. 16:10 D. 2.35:1

Q3 Equipment racks should be: A. loaded and tested at the shop, to minimize the impact on the homeowner B. installed and loaded onsite, to ensure proper interaction with installed components C. completely sealed and covered, to prevent client access D. made of wood, to prevent ground loops > AUDIO Q4 In surround sound terminology, the “.1” in “5.1” stands for: A. one centre channel output B. one subwoofer C. one Low Frequency Effects channel output D. one source input

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SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I S M AR T HO M E , F I RE & SEC U RI T Y

A. 2x the image width B. 3x the image diagonal C. 3x the image height D. 1.75x the image width Q8 The contrast control on a video display adjusts the: A. black level B. white level C. sharpness D. colour intensity

> NETWORKING

> SECURITY

> IOT

Q9 Which service cannot run via IP?

Q12 Which is NOT an input device in a security system?

Q15 What allows digital devices to interconnect and transmit data?

A. video distribution B. telephony C. control D. all can use IP

A. annunciator B. motion detector C. photoelectric beam D. keypad

A. a sensor B. a global positioning sensor C. a smart phone D. a network

> LIGHTING

> SURVEILLANCE

Q10 Lighting control provides:

Q13 An IP camera may have the capability to:

Q16 What is comprised of millions of smart devices and sensors connected to the internet?

A. convenience B. security C. energy savings D. all of the above > ENERGY MANAGEMENT Q11 The first step toward controlling energy use is: A. dimming lights B. adjusting the thermostat C. knowing how it is being used D. being willing to make some sacrifices

A. serve as a motion detector, triggering a message or recorder B. pan, tilt, and zoom to better view the area C. send images to mobile devices, TVs and touchpanels D. all of the above > CONTROL SYSTEMS Q14 A “macro”…

A. allows a remote to communicate with several different devices at once B. is a set of instructions, in sequence, initiated by one user interaction C. sends the IR signal out in all directions equally D. is a program that can be used from one device to another, regardless of the manufacturer Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

A. the fog B. Internet of Things C. data centre D. the cloud Q17 What is a sensor?

A. anything that stores data B. the foundation of the digitised world C. something that provides products and services to customers through an internet connection D. a device that detects or measures an event or physical property

> HOW DID YOU GET ON? 0-6 Lots to learn – CEDIA has some great resources to help you gain a foundation in smart home knowledge.

Check out the CEDIA Podcast and its YouTube channel.

7-13 Getting smarter – Your knowledge in this area is pretty impressive but could do with some work. Take a look at the white papers and best practice documents on the CEDIA website.

14-17 Smart as a smart home - Your knowledge is a great foundation for learning more about professional technology integration.

Check out the CEDIA training courses.

All resources and useful links can be found at cedia.net, or get in touch via education@cedia.co.uk

SM A R T H OM E , F I RE & SEC U RI T Y I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

35

GETTING SMART!

Sean Miller, Electrician Programme Manager at Schneider Electric, discusses the importance of smart installations.

> WHAT DO THE STATS TELL US?

> RESIDENTIAL VS COMMERCIAL

> WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD?

Currently 25% of households have some kind of smart technology installed, and that’s expected to rise to 45% by 2024!

The residential Internet of Things (IoT) market is undoubtedly getting more mature. Sensor technology, which has been used in commercial settings for a while for turning off lights and changing temperatures, is slowly infiltrating the residential market as homeowners become savvier and regulations are tightened.

Smart homes will continue to get smarter. The next stage is utilising machine learning to build a more accurate image of movement and usage, by creating an even fuller picture of our comfort preferences inside and outside the home.

> WHAT’S POPULAR? Demand for wireless technology is continuing to rise. Security systems including alarms, CCTV and door bells are the most popular.

Smart heating continues to be the typical first step for consumers.

Schneider Electric’s Wiser Heat is a multizone system which allows consumers to control the temperature in each room individually, offering the ultimate in convenience.

> WHAT ABOUT ‘OFF THE SHELF’ PRODUCTS? The impact of ‘off the shelf’ products like Alexa, Philips Hue and Ring doorbells is extremely positive. They create awareness for the potential of smart technology and increase investment in the field.

Visit mySchneider Electrician portal – a handy hub for apprentices with product information, training, news and more: se.com/uk/apprentice-electrician

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DID YOU KNOW? 45% OF HOUSEHOLDS ARE EXPECTED TO HAVE SOME SORT OF SMART TECHNOLOGY INSTALLED BY 2024

You can also download mySchneider app to access rewards, catalogues and instant chat support:

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I S M AR T HO M E , F I RE & SEC U RI T Y

WIN BOSCH COMPETITION

A BOSCH GO

SCREWDRIVER Minimum effort, maximum efficiency.

Are you still using a manual screwdriver? If so then it’s time to upgrade your toolkit with the new Bosch GO Electric Screwdriver!

The GO 2.0 is one of Bosch Professional Power Tools’ latest innovations and an essential part of any electrician’s kit. Offering power and control superior to any manual screwdriver, the GO 2.0 – upgraded from the GO first generation cordless screwdriver – will help you get more work done in less time, with a lot less effort!

The GO 2.0 is ideal for electrical installation, home appliance maintenance, assembly tasks, electronic goods repairs – basically anything with a screw!

Handy features include: • Ergonomic design to help prevent blistering on your hands from repetitive use • Innovative electronic brake – this stops the tool immediately after use, preventing overtightening and any damage to screws • Easy handling with dual-activation – simply push or press for power on • 5 torque settings, plus a maximum performance mode with a manual clutch that allows for precision control and power depending on the task at hand • USB charging interface – charge as easily as you charge your smartphone!

This great giveaway comes complete with a mini L-BOXX carry case, a USB charging cable with a plug adaptor and a 26-piece accessory kit to take on multiple tasks.

How to enter…

To be in with a chance of winning this tool, simply send an email to: admin@sng-publishing.co.uk and put ‘Bosch GO’ as the email title.

We’ll pick 5 lucky winners at random and notify them via email by 7th February 2021.

Good luck!

For terms & conditions, head to: www.sparks-magazine.co.uk/terms

The promoter of this competition is Robert Bosch Limited, a company incorporated in Scotland with company number SC013418, whose registered office address is c/o Bosch Rexroth, Viewfield Industrial Estate, Glenrothes, KY6 2RD, United Kingdom. Participants must be aged 18 or over and resident in the United Kingdom.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

LIGHTNING PROTECTION READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Since their invention in the 1970s (when they were called Zap Traps), surge protection devices (SPDs) have become essential in many lightning protection systems. ECA technical manager Gary Parker tells us the essentials.

S

PDs are used in electrical installation systems to protect against transient overvoltages (also called voltage spikes) that can damage electrical equipment and sensitive components. > MODERN SPD All electrical components are susceptible to surges, and these can be natural (from lightning) or man-made (from overloading or switching).

The function of the modern SPD is to: > provide equipotential bonding to the services, reducing the risk of flashovers when current is injected into the ground > reduce transient energy entering into a facility from a direct or indirect flash to the service > protect internal electrical and electronic equipment An easy way to remember these functions is to recall that SPDs protect equipment, whereas RCDs (residual current devices) protect people.

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> SHOULD THEY BE EVERYWHERE? As mentioned, SPDs are not new, and neither is the concept of lightning protection.

The 18th Edition of the IET Wiring Regulations (BS 7671:2018), which has been in effect for over a year now, has highlighted some important points to consider regarding SPDs and their use in today’s world.

While BS 7671 now has a much stronger focus on the use of SPDs, it would be wrong to say that some 27 million installations in the UK are suddenly at risk. First and foremost, a designer or installer should consider if protection against transient overvoltage is needed.

Installations should be functional, useful and always safe. SPDs are not the be-all and end-all of safety, but any decision to use them should be based on thorough, fact-based risk assessment.

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I L IG H T N IN G PROT EC T I ON

> CALCULATING THE RISK LEVEL While not all installations require SPDs, a risk assessment should always be considered.

This involves a calculation based on the Calculated Risk Level. This requires knowledge of figures including environmental factor (fenv), risk assessment length in km (LP), and lightning ground flash density (Ng).

If all the required data is at hand, the calculation is simple enough – CRL = fenv / (LP x Ng) ECA members can even use a handy online SPD calculator to do so at eca.co.uk/spd

“Remember, RCDs protect people and SPDs protect equipment”

GARY’S NOTES ON THE 18TH EDITION: WHAT THE REGULATIONS SAY

GARY’S NOTE

Protection against overvoltages shall be provided where the consequences could result in serious injury to, or loss of, human life.

Where an overvoltage poses a risk to life, they must be fitted. However, hospitals have a lot of protection and supplies in place. It is not the case that simply all systems must have SPDs.

Protection against overvoltages shall be provided where the consequences could result in interruption of public services and/or damage to cultural heritage

Safety critical or relevant parts of museums etc would require protection. However, not all public services are critical.

Protection against overvoltages shall be provided where the consequences could result in interruption of commercial or industrial activity.

The risk is different in various commercial sites – some have a tolerable risk.

Protection against overvoltages shall be provided where the consequences could affect a large number of co-located individuals.

This is covered by the notes above.

QUESTIONS Q1 Give two examples of a man-made electrical surge Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................

Q2 Name one function of the modern SPD Answer: ........................................................................................................ > A CLOSER LOOK AT THE REGULATIONS The regulations also allow for SPDs to be omitted from a so-called single dwelling, where ‘the total value of an installation and the equipment therein does not justify such protection’.

This does not mean that simply adding up the cost of equipment is the way to calculate the benefit of SPDs. A ‘single dwelling’ can be a one bedroom flat, a part of a tower block or a country mansion – the risks are highly variable and should be considered carefully in each case.

For more information on SPDs, the 18th Edition and other technical guidance, visit

........................................................................................................................

Q3 Gary says electrical installations should always be what three things?

Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................

Q4 The regulations say protection against overvoltages shall be provided where the consequences could result in interruption of public services and where else?

Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................

Q5 True or false? Risk assessments should always be considered, but not every installation will require an SPD. Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................

eca.co.uk/technical L I G H T N I N G PROT EC T I ON I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

39

SPOT THE DIFFERENCE 40

Spot the six differences between these two photos of a SPARKS Apprentice of the Year competitor hard at work.

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I S P OT T HE D IF F E RE N C E

LEARNER OF

THE MONTH

We’ve shaken up the format of the SPARKS Learner of the Month award!

T

LEARNER

he award, which is open to all full-time learners and apprentices, aims to celebrate the amazing work that upcoming talent in the industry is producing.

OF THE MONTH

There is a prize usually worth £100+ for the winner each month – and you will feature in our online Hall of Fame and in the next issue of SPARKS!

HOW HOW IT IT WORKS > BETWEEN THE 1ST AND 20TH OF A MONTH Tag us in a new photo of your best work on Instagram, Facebook or Twitter – use #SPARKSLOTM. Any entries later than the 20th will roll over into the following month. > BETWEEN 21ST AND 23RD OF A MONTH We will choose our favourite entries (up to a maximum of eight). > ONE WEEK BEFORE THE END OF THE MONTH We will share the top entries on the @sparksmagazineuk Instagram page to allow our followers and your friends, family, clients and colleagues to vote for your image. > ON THE LAST DAY OF THE MONTH We will reveal who has got the most votes and therefore won!

For T&Cs head to our website.

APRIL WINNER

AUGUST WINNER

ELLIS KEBE, LOUGHBOROUGH COLLEGE

PAUL KIRKPATRICK, STOCKTON RIVERSIDE COLLEGE

Ellis was our final winner of the award in the previous format. Ellis, who won an Amazon Echo Dot and a £60 Amazon voucher from award sponsor Electrium, said: “Winning has given me the extra push I need to get the apprenticeship I am looking for.”

Due to the lockdown we rolled over the first ‘new’ award from May to August. Mature student Paul won the award, which saw hundreds of votes cast for each of the eight entrants, with an image showing his Level 2 assessment work.

“

He said: “It has shown me that I am capable of more than I think and made me feel extremely confident.

I am very thankful for this opportunity and truly believe it will benefit me long term.”

“

He said: “When I first posted I never thought anything would come of it. So to win is amazing! I spent too long crunching numbers and spreadsheets, I am looking forward to getting my hands dirty and doing something productive and have something to show at the end of the day.”

“Tag us in a new photo of your best work on Instagram, Facebook or Twitter – use #SPARKSLOTM” L E A RN E R OF T H E M ON T H I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

41

GET THE BEST, FORGET THE REST.

MFT1741 The fastest, most accurate, safest multifunction tester on the market. ¢ Exclusive confidence meter ¢ No RC impedance uplift ¢ Repeatable, reliable earth loop testing ¢ Loop testing through 10 ma RCBO’s and type b RCD ¢ Designed and manufactured in the UK

For Electrical Superheroes www.megger.com | info@megger.com

Award Winner

EXERCISES We’ve been lucky enough to collaborate with electrical expert Mike Davies, who has been in the industry since the 1970s.

Mike became a qualified electrical engineer after completing an apprenticeship when he left school at 16.

He became a college lecturer in 1980 after completing a Further Education teacher training qualification.

Now retired, Mike works as a self-employed lecturer and training consultant.

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free.

Prove your skills with the ECS card

Get your Apprentice ECS card while you’re training.

When you've completed your apprenticeship you can apply for your ECS gold card straight away - and also get ECS Registered Electrician status if you have the 18th Edition Wiring Regulations.*

Download the MyECS app to show your virtual card from your mobile!

*If you hold the 17th Edition Wiring Regulations qualification you can gain an ECS gold card when you complete your apprenticeship. You can then upgrade to Registered Electrician status once you have the 18th Edition. To find out more visit www.ecscard.org.uk/apprentice

FIRE SAFETY Covers Units 601, 603, 604, 605 and 606 Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91 or EAL equivalent.

You may need to refer to BS 7671:2018 Requirements for Electrical Installations.

TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

Q1

BS7671:2018 Requirements for Electrical Installations provides principles for the protection of excessive temperature likely to cause fire.

Q2

Only persons and property are to be protected against the harmful effects of heat or fire.

Q3

When designing a fire protection system, a significant quantity of stored flammable liquid is considered to be 24 litres.

Q4

Examples such as a hay barn, woodworking workshop or timber building are classified as locations where there is a risk of fire and are identified as BE2 locations.

Q5

In buildings with rooms containing assets of significant value, for example a museum or art gallery, a mineral insulated cable to BS EN60702 must be used throughout.

Q6

An enclosed space separated from adjoining spaces within a building, by elements of the construction having a specific fire resistance, identifies the enclosed space as a ‘fire-segregated compartment’.

Q7

Devices for the protection against overload can be omitted in circuits supplying fire extinguishing systems.

Q8

A cable trunking of 50mm x 50mm passing through floors of a multi-story building does not require fire barriers to be installed.

Q9

A firefighter’s switch situated in a shopping mall must be located near the equipment being controlled and be positioned 2.8m from the ground.

Q10

One requirement for a situation where no fire alarm system is installed in a building used for an exhibition is that cable systems can be flame retardant to BS EN 60332-1-2.

FALSE

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

E X E RC I SE S I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

45

SMART HOME TECH Covers Outcome 4 of Unit 605 (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91 or EAL equivalent).

TRUE OR FALSE?

Q1

Smart home technology is also known as ‘Home Automation’.

Q2

The two main areas that smart home technology is concerned with are security and customer safety.

Q3

Smart home technology can be controlled wirelessly.

Q4

Smart home security can include the control of cameras, locks, curtains/ blinds and lighting.

Q5

Only smart electrical energy meters can be installed in domestic premises.

Q6

‘ZigBee’ is a communication protocol used in home automation.

Q7

A smart meter can store data for energy consumption and tariff information.

Q8

The data collected by a smart meter in a customer’s home can only be accessed by the customer.

Q9

The abbreviation CAD refers to the design of the customer's electrical installation.

Q10

A suitable ‘app’ on a smart phone can be used to control electrical equipment located in a domestic premises from a remote position.

TRUE

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46

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S

FALSE

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HOME AUTOMATION Covers Outcome 4 of Unit 605 (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91 or EAL equivalent).

Q1

Which of the following can be classed as Ans. a simple form of home automation?

a

A one-way light and dimmer switch

b

A central heating timer/controller

c

A cooker control panel

d

A ring final circuit

Q2

The most appropriate time to install home automation is?

a

After the basic circuits have been installed

b

Following commissioning of the basic circuits

c

During the first re-inspection of the installation

d

During initial construction of the installation

A lighting system that operates when a Q3 person enters a room uses which of the following devices in order to operate?

Home lighting CAN BE controlled Q5 automatically by the following methods, except? a

Light sensor

b

Timer

c

Double-pole switch

d

Smart phone app

Ans. Q6

Ans.

Which one of the following is NOT suitable for home automation?

a

Security system

b

Opening/closing of window blinds

c

Heating and air conditioning

d

Walking and caring for pets

A sensor

a

Electricity

b

An actuator

b

Oil

c

A heat detector

c

Coal

d

A passive switch

d

Woodchip

Which one of the following is not a wireless component?

Ans.

Q8

A smart meter can provide accurate information for‌

a

WiFi

a

The consumer only

b

Bluetooth

b

The service supplier only

c

ZigBee

c

Both consumer and supplier

d

Coaxial

d

The local authority

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48

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S

Ans.

A smart meter can be installed to provide Q7 data concerning which one of the Ans. following supply systems?

a

Q4

Ans.

Ans.

WIRING ACCESSORIES Covers Unit 202 (6) and Unit 203 (3), (C&G Level 2 Diploma in Electrical Installations [Buildings & Structures], 2365-02 or EAL equivalent).

Q1

A BS 1363 shuttered socket-outlet is rated at…

a

2A

b

5A

c

13 A

d

30 A

Ans.

A 16 Ampere-rated industrial type Q2 round-pin plug is designed to which British Standard?

Ans.

A ceiling-rose complying with BS67 Q3 should not be installed in a circuit operating at a voltage exceeding… a

50V

b

110V

c

230V

d

250V

Q4

Ans.

B15 and B22 are codes used to represent Ans. which one of the following?

a

BS 1363

a

Miniature Edison screw lamp-holders

b

BS EN 60309-2

b

Bayonet lamp-holders

c

BS EN 61535

c

Goliath Edison screw lamp-holders

d

BS 646

d

LED light sources

Fire detection and fire alarm circuits Q5 must comply with the relevant parts of which British Standard? a

BS 5266

b

BS 5839

c

BS EN 1838

d

BS 8519

Ans.

ZA

K

a

IPX1

b

IPX2

c

IPX3

d

IPX4

®

COMBI 304

HERE T

CO N T

NT

P

E

When an electric vehicle charging point Q6 is to be installed outdoors, the equipment Ans. degree of protection is to be at least…

The circular junction box

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O

UNLOC

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Covers Unit 202 Principles of Electrical Science (C&G Level 2 Diploma in Electrical Installations [Buildings & Structures], 2365-02 or EAL equivalent).

Q1

The central section of an atom is called the…

Ans.

Q5

The general effect of the earth’s magnetic field is called…

a

Shell

a

Gravity

b

Electron

b

Mass

c

Neutron

c

Centrifuge

d

Nucleus

d

Velocity

Q2

Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity?

Ans.

Q6

The liquid found in a lead-acid battery is called the…

a

Glass

a

Electrolyte

b

Copper

b

Electrode

c

Plastic

c

Electrolysis

d

Wood

d

Electricity

Q3

Ohm's Law is usually identified by which of the following formulae?

a

resistance = current voltage

b

voltage = current x resistance

c

current = voltage x resistance

d

current = resistance voltage

Q4 The unit of electrical power is the…

Ans.

Ans.

Q7

Hot air rising from an electrical storage heater is due to…

a

Circulation

b

Radiation

c

Convection

d

Conversion

Q8

Which of the following prevents the flow of electricity?

a

Volt

a

A supply source

b

Ampere

b

A circuit

c

Watt

c

A conductor

d

Ohm

d

An insulator

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52

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S

Ans.

Ans.

Ans.

Ans.

MATCHING UNITS & QUANTITIES Covers Unit 309 ‘Understand the electrical principles associated with the design, building, installation and maintenance of electrical equipment and systems’ (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13).

The following terms relate to the quantities and units used in electrical engineering.

Match the correct quantity to each unit given.

Unit name or symbol

Quantity

1

X

Impedance

A

2

E

Magnetic field strength

B

3

Weber

Reactance

C

4

L

Resistivity

D

5

Coulomb

Electric field strength

E

6

H

Magnetic flux

F

7

Z

Electric charge

G

8

Rho

Self-inductance

H

9

B

Resistance

I

10

R

Magnetic flux density

J

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

E X E RC I SE S I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

53

ELECTRO-TECHNICAL Covers units 604, 605, 606 and 607 (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Electro-Technical Technology 2357-13, or EAL equivalent).

Q1

Which one of the following is a typical UK Ans. electrical transmission voltage?

Portable electrical hand tools used on a Q5 construction site should be supplied from Ans. which of the following?

a

230V

b

400V

a

400V AC from mains supply

c

11kV

b

230V from an isolating transformer

d

400kV

c

48V battery

d

110V transformer with centre tapped earth

Q2

Electrical energy is measured using which of the following?

a

kWh meter

b

Watt meter

c

Ammeter

d

Voltmeter

When safe isolation is carried out on an Q3 electrical circuit, which of the following is an essential action? a

Fuses are handed to the supervisor until work is completed

b

Fuses are withdrawn and handed to the client

c

Fuses are kept by the person carrying out the work

d

The means of isolation must be secured

Q4

Ans.

The correct wording on the label Q6 attached to extraneous conductive parts and earth electrodes is‌

Ans.

The magnetic effect of an electric current Ans. is used in which of the following devices?

a

Single-pole switch

b

Fuse

c

Residual Current Device

d

Isolator

a

Separated low voltage

b

Safety electrical connection do not remove

c

Safe supply system connected

d

Safety electrical connection remove

Which of the following test procedures Q7 requires the supply to be connected and switched on? a

Continuity

b

Insulation resistance

c

Earth fault loop impedance

d

Polarity

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

54

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S

Ans.

Ans.

WORDSEARCH: WIRING ACCESSORIES Try to find the following words, which are all related to wiring accessories.

Answers can be across and down.

A

L

C

O

A

X

I

A

L

S

O

C

K

E

T

J

P

M

T

H

B

E

A

B

H

I

R

E

F

G

S

E

W

D

R

I

U

E

R

A

A

V

E

R

C

S

T

E

S

U

U

D

O

N

T

G

L

N

E

C

T

E

D

V

C

O

O

K

E

R

C

O

N

T

R

O

L

V

K

K

T

L

I

J

P

G

Q

A

N

T

T

U

M

E

Y

A

C

O

D

S

E

A

W

F

V

M

P

L

I

E

R

B

R

A

F

W

O

G

B

A

N

P

F

A

N

C

O

N

T

R

O

L

U

N

D

H

R

G

D

W

L

A

U

V

L

H

L

C

E

S

S

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U

L

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R

D

L

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L

A

N

S

H

Z

S

I

N

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L

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P

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C

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M

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A

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A

B

N

O

R

P

S

T

H

S

P

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P

E

D

M

H

A

A

W

K

O

K

L

K

J

L

O

I

S

L

C

H

A

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M

A

V

L

G

L

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B

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L

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P

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D

P

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P

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N

D

A

N

T

R

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I

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G

T

N

L

F

U

R

V

R

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V

D

S

W

S

P

A

N

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L

R

P

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D

Z

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W

I

T

C

H

F

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G

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A

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A

N

D

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K

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I

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B

O

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T

L

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R

I

A

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C

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A

S

T

L

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T

B

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D

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Q

D

R

I

L

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N

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M

E

R

B

S

G

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J

L

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L

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B

R

P

Z

O

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F

T

A

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R

A

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F

O

R

M

E

R

Y

L

E

S

Single-pole Dimmer Socket Bell-push Double-pole Isolator

Shaver-socket Transformer Cooker control Fan control USB outlet Pull-cord

Pendant Batten lamp-holder Switch Fused-spur Coaxial socket

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free

EX EE DIRC TORI I SEASL I I AU WITU NTE MN R 2020 I SPA RKS

55

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F O L L HA

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How not to connect tr unking

56

SPARKS I AU TU MN 2 0 2 0 I H AL L O F S H AM E

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While many electricians and electrical engineers are fully qualified and do a great job, there are still some cowboys out there who do shocking work (sometimes literally!) and the results can be disastrous.

In association with Crap Electrical UK, we bring you our regular gallery of horrors, showcasing weird wiring, ludicrous lighting and shoddy sockets.

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A big thank you to the members of Crap Electrical UK for supplying us with so many great photos.

The Facebook group, which has around 7,500 members, is run by Charles Billington, Simon Allen, Lewis Boddington, Dave Spencer, Jake Simmons, Samuel Miles and Lee Quince.

If you’ve come across a dodgy installation, send your pictures to us and they could be featured on this page!

You can email us at tom.tracey@sng-publishing.co.uk.

H A L L OF SH A M E I AU TU MN 2020 I SPA RKS

57

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