Real Health Fall 2011

REALHEALTH THE GUIDE TO BLACK WELLNESS

For Real

Proper Use of Wigs, Weaves and Extensions Can Help Your Hair Grow

Hep C Alert

Tattoos Can Put You at Risk

No Kidding

Ways to Make Sure More Lil’ Athletes Avoid Big Sports Injuries

CSI: NY ’s

Hill Harper Why He Pledged to Act Against HIV/AIDS

Bloody Good News For Sickle-Cell Sufferers

FALL 2011 $2.99 US REALHEALTHMAG.COM

CONTENTS

23

9 How I Live With Sickle-Cell Anemia

Watch our exclusive video with rapper Prodigy of Mobb Deep.

For more on his story, read our feature on page 32 of this issue.

5

editor’s letter

9

buzz

Looking for Love?

Kids at risk of bipolar disorder?

How tats can put you at risk of hep C; WORTH it: the fight for women in—and out—of prison; helping seniors beat the blues; simple ways to avoid catching a cold; alternative healing for health

Get advice from RH blogger Jeff Carroll, “hip-hop’s first dating coach.”

21

sex

Real Health Forums

22

fitness

23

nutrition

In our 24/7 chatroom, readers can share their stories and thoughts on the numerous health challenges facing us in today’s world.

Real Health Hair Center

How’s your hair health? Visit the RH Hair Center to catch up on the latest news and trends to keep your tresses in tip-top shape.

Digital Real Health

Read Real Health magazine online exactly as it appears in print. Go to realhealthmag.com/ digital to view the current issue and the entire Smart + Strong digital library.

36 24 COVER STORY

part of the solution

Actor Hill Harper responds to the HIV/AIDS problem.

28

simmer down!

32

crisis management

36

keep it real—healthy

40

thoughts

Size matters: Obesity can affect your sexual health; Ask the Sexpert

Yes, you can exercise smarter; protect your kids from sports injuries

Real hunger vs. head hunger; why we have cravings; eat-raw benefits

It’s true: Soup does a body good.

PLUS: Try this yummy recipe for healthy, creamy broccoli soup.

Sickle-cell anemia: still a problem for people of African ancestry, but health outcomes have improved

There’s no faking taking care of your natural hair. PLUS: stuff we love and a cool hair health quiz

Don’t worry, be happy!

Contributor Question of the Month What’s the most important thing about wellness you’ve learned being a health writer?

I’ve learned the link between a healthy body and mind is pervasive. By keeping physically fit, active and well, the body effectively influences the mind to do the same thing. —Glenn Townes

reach out & click!

At realhealthmag.com, you can read more articles; access exclusive, online-only special reports; meet other health-minded black singles; and subscribe ($9.97 for four quarterly issues; you can also call 800.973.2376). Plus, sign up for the Real Health email newsletter to get the latest black health news!

(COVER) KEITH MAJOR/COURTESY OF HILL HARPER’S OFFICE; (TATTOO) DREAMSTIME.COM/VALUA VITALY; (ZUCCHINI) DREAMSTIME.COM/AVDEENKO; (HAIR) DREAMSTIME.COM/IWONA JOANNA RAJSZCZAK; (CARROLL) COURTESY OF JEFF CARROLL; (WOMAN/HAIR) ISTOCKPHOTO.COM; (TOWNES) COURTESY OF GLENN TOWNES

this month on REALHEALTHMAG.COM

EDITOR’S LETTER

REAL HEALTH EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Kate Ferguson

Kid Stuff

MANAGING EDITOR

Jennifer Morton

S

SENIOR EDITOR

Laura Whitehorn

everal months ago when I heard the news that Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital punished three psychiatrists for not reporting pharma payments they’d pocketed, I thought it was just another story about conflict-ofinterest violations. But as the controversy unfolded, I learned there was more to the story. All three physicians were well-known child psychiatrists. Two of the three were investigators and advocates for bipolar disorder diagnoses in children and adolescents, a condition called “pediatric bipolar disorder” that’s recently been more closely scrutinized.

The accusation that doctors and drug companies are in partnership to invent diseases and then push pills on the public to make a profit is not new. But when doctors are accused of cashing in by diagnosing children with nonexistent mental illness and then encouraging distraught parents to give their kids pharmaceuticals, well, that causes folks to stop and take a harder look.

According to a New York State Office of Mental Health news sheet, diagnoses of pediatric bipolar disorder (formerly called manic depressive disorder) are now 40 times more frequent than they were just 10 years ago. Shocked? Yeah, me too.

My main question is whether many of these diagnoses are accurate. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, it’s

ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Cristina González COPY EDITOR

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ADVISORY BOARD

Lee SaintMartin, MS, IIPA, CN, ND, naturopath; Goulda Downer, PhD, RD, CNS, and Nutrition Services, Inc.; Yuan Wan, Licensed Acupuncturist and Doctor of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dr. Rachael Ross, MD, PhD, sexologist; Lovell Harris, MD, internist; Terrie Williams, mental health advocate; Xavier Artis, campaign creator, Stay Strong: Healing Starts With Us (HSWU)

Here’s to your health, JOAN LOBIS BROWN

Issue No. 27. Copyright © 2011 CDM Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. If you are an individual or organization and would like to subscribe to Real Health, go to real healthmag.com or call 800.973.2376.

Send feedback on this issue to info@ realhealthmag.com or Real Health, c/o Smart + Strong, 462 Seventh Ave., 19th Floor, New York, NY 10018.

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normal for almost every child or teen to exhibit some mood and behavioral changes listed as bipolar disorder symptoms. But often these symptoms are temporary and shouldn’t be confused with a brain disorder that requires drug treatment.

One reason for the increase in diagnoses of this condition, according to the Office of Mental Health, may be because the definition of the illness has been expanded to include anger and hyperactivity.

But are all angry, hyperactive kids bipolar?

Clearly, that can’t be true. What some mental health professionals suggest is the need for reliable diagnoses—ones untainted by conflicts of interest, doctors’ greed or Big Pharma profit motives.

As the public becomes more receptive to mental health issues, what bears watching is how this heightened awareness of bipolar disorder in children works on behalf of kids living with the condition.

Sure, if doctors recognize children’s mental disorder symptoms early, they can diagnose and begin treatment sooner rather than later. But what should be avoided at all costs is doctors’ rush to prescribe heavyduty, side-effects-loaded bipolar disorder meds for kids when other treatment options might be better.

When kids develop mental disorders, parents should be proactive and educate themselves to act as advocates for their children. Doctors should also share information and answer parents’ questions; this will lay a foundation of trust before they offer treatment recommendations for young patients.

Certainly, on one hand, I think it’s a good thing for doctors to recognize when children may have a mental health disorder. But on the other hand, it’s equally important to know when they don’t.

Kate Ferguson, Editor-in-Chief katef@realhealthmag.com

realhealthmag.com

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BUZZ

Illustrating a Point

DREAMSTIME.COM/VALUA VITALY DREAMSTIME.COM

Sure tattoos are fun and trendy, but they’re also a hepatitis C health risk.

ive years ago, study findings published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology concluded that tattooing and body piercing are associated with risk-taking activities. Here’s a risk to be aware of: If the conditions for getting a tattoo or piercing are unsanitary, this ups the likelihood of contracting hepatitis C, among other communicable diseases.

Hepatitis C is a contagious liver disease that’s caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). People can contract the disease when they come into contact with infected blood. But many infected people never show symptoms of the disease so they are unaware they contracted it. “Hepatitis C is a very sneaky virus,” says Phyllis Ritchie, MD, an infectious disease specialist with a private practice in Portland, Oregon. “In the early stages of acquiring the virus, most people don’t even know they have it.” (Later stages can include scarring of the liver, called cirrhosis, and even liver failure. But some people may never get sick from their HCV.) Hepatitis C can be transmitted through intravenous drug use, a dirty needle stick in a hospital setting or tattoo parlor, through blood transfusions and possibly sexual activity, although a number of studies conclude that chances of sexual transmission are extremely low.

“Any of those things can get the hepatitis C virus in the bloodstream,” says Jonathan McCone, MD, in private practice in Alexandria, Virginia. “Once there, it doesn’t go away.”

Research from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases found that out of 3,871 people studied (half with hepatitis C and half without), those with hepatitis C were about three times more likely to have tattoos.

“If people want a tattoo, they must make sure the establishment is licensed, uses clean needles and observes hygienic sanitizing procedures,” Ritchie advises. (The preferred sterilization device for tattoo equipment is an instrument called an autoclave.)

In addition, no matter where people eventually get “carved,” all materials used to produce a tat—such as ointments, tattoo ink, needles, gloves, trays and any other items that come into contact with blood shed during the tattooing process—should be used just once and tossed into a puncture-proof container. And these precautions also Stay safe: apply to prisoners. Inmates aren’t free to visit tattoo Get skin parlors, but many use skin art to express themselves. art smart.

In short, everything tattoo artists use should be sterilized and uncontaminated. If you’re worried, get tested to find out your status. And here’s some good news.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved two effective HCV treatment drugs—Incivek (telaprevir) and Victrelis (boceprevir). The meds are used with current hep C treatment, but doctors found that Victrelis doubled the HCV cure rate among African Americans.

—Kate Ferguson

BUZZ

A WORTHwhile Cause Imagine giving birth in chains.

Or losing custody of your children because you aren’t allowed to contact them. These circumstances face women in prison, whose numbers have swollen by more than 800 percent in three decades. But groups like Women on the Rise Telling HerStory (WORTH) are challenging these policies— and sometimes winning.

WORTH works to change policy and Tina improve the lives of Reynolds promotes currently and formerly women’s incarcerated women, WORTH. who also make up the group. Since the New York group’s 2004 founding, more than 250 women have participated in its workshops and support groups.

“Women are seen as morally inept [if they’ve been in] prison,” says Tina Reynolds, who cofounded WORTH after her own release from jail.

WORTH member Mercedes Smith gave birth while Number of incarcerated 20 years ago. states where Shackled while in labor on the prisons don’t ride from jail to hospital, she offer HIV tests was then handcuffed to the bed rail during delivery. to pregnant “I couldn’t understand women. where they thought I was going Source: National Women’s in so much pain,” Smith says.

Law Center, 2010

HEALTH AFTER PRISON Transitioning from a life behind bars can stress your health.

WORTH members offer these wellness tips for women leaving prison: 1 4 R E AL H E A LTH FA LL 2 0 11

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Relearn healthy eating. “We spend most of our years in prison eating processed food,” says Tina Reynolds of Women on the Rise Telling HerStory (WORTH). “Those foods don’t help your health.”

Go to realhealthmag.com for healthy eating tips.

Get tested for HIV. A recent study shows some 9 percent of New York City’s new-to-jail population are HIV positive and almost 30 percent of them have gone undiagnosed.

For HIV testing locations and places to connect with care, go to directory.poz.com.

Keep talking. “Women need to sit down and talk openly about what we need,” Mercedes Smith says. “We don’t want to talk about it in a group with men. I feel like I can talk with a bunch of sisters who listen.”—DS Contact WORTH at 646.918.6858 or at womenontherise-worth.org. realhealthmag.com

The women of WORTH successfully lobbied New York lawmakers for an anti-shackling bill for women giving birth.

All but nine other states still restrain such prisoners.

WORTH also convinced the state legislature to amend the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA). While most children of incarcerated parents are placed with relatives, some go into foster care. Parental rights are legally terminated if parents don’t have contact with a child in foster care for 15 of the most recent 22 months.

But some incarcerated parents are unable to contact their kids. The ASFA amendment allows parental rights to continue if imprisoned parents make good-faith efforts to maintain contact.

WORTH also challenges the war on drugs, which was responsible for more than a quarter of the female prison population in 2005. Black communities are disproportionately represented. The result?

Fully 32 percent of women in custody are African American.

“We’re the under-caste,” Reynolds says. “Our work continues the civil rights movement.” —Diana Scholl

(REYNOLDS) COURTESY OF TINA REYNOLDS/WORTH; (PRISON) DREAMSTIME.COM/BERTOLD WERKMANN

Fighting for women in—and after—prison

BUZZ OFF THE BEATEN TRACK What to try if you’re sick and tired of traditional healing methods

(CAPSULES) DREAMSTIME.COM/NATIKA; (COUPLE) ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/CLIFF PARNELL; (HAT) DREAMSTIME.COM/ANGELO GILARDELLI

According to a National Institutes of Health survey, about 38 percent of adults use complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) to manage a health condition.

Here’s a CAM primer.

CAM treatments fall into these five categories: herbs and supplements, mind/body, manual, alternative healing and energy-based therapies. None involves meds or surgery, and all can soothe symptoms without harsh side effects, says Tanya Edwards, MD, of the Center for Integrative Medicine at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio.

With proven success healing chronic pain, anxiety, fatigue and women’s health issues, CAM may be right for you.

Interested? Visit Cleveland Clinic Center at ccf.org/integrative. —Cristina González

$33.9

billion

Amount U.S. adults spent on out-of-pocket complementary and alternative medicine visits.

“Costs of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and Frequency of Visits to CAM Practitioners: United States, 2007,” the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics, July 2009.

Oh, Happy Day! This community-based intervention program can help depressed elderly blacks “beat the blues.”

f

ifteen million Americans suffer from depression. Among them, one group is especially under-diagnosed and under-treated: older African Americans.

The causes of depression among elderly black people are often the same issues that plague seniors of all races: physical challenges, chronic illnesses, loss of significant loved ones, and increased dependence on others.

But boilerplate methods for treating depression often don’t meet the needs of older African Americans who might also struggle to overcome stigma linked to depression and a cultural mistrust of mental health treatments.

Enter Beat the Blues, a five-year program (to end in 2012) developed by sociologist Laura N. Gitlin, PhD, director of the Aging Intervention Center at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore. The intervention provides seniors with depression education, stress-reduction techniques, care management, referrals and linkage to other support and services. Even more important, the innovative project teaches seniors that depression isn’t an unavoidable part of aging and that it’s a treatable mental health condition.

How, exactly, do these folks beat the blues? At a local Philadelphia senior center, for example, Gitlin motivates elderly African Americans to re-engage in activities and become more socially involved in their communities.

But beyond the initiative’s immediate mission lies an even loftier goal: to be a template for similar programs targeting diverse low-income, under-treated elderly populations. After all, you’re never too old to learn new tricks for improved mental health.

—Katie Karlson —K

Cold Comfort ’Tis tissue season, but that doesn’t mean you have to catch a nasty cold.ld.

With temperatures dropping and chilly winds blowing, are people heading inside to get warm and... catch colds?

“In cooler weather, more people stay indoors where they are exposed to more viruses,” says Timothy Vavra, DO, an associate professor of medicine at Loyola University in Illinois.

What’s really uncool is that there are more than 200 subtypes of viruses that can trigger the chills, sneezes and aches of the common cold. But there’s an easy way to stay healthy. “Stay away from people who have a cold, and wash your hands,” Vavra says.

If you do catch a cold, expect up to 10 days of symptoms

including a sore throat, congestion and cough. Just treat the symptoms with over-the-counter meds while the virus leaves your system, Vavra says.

And for year-round health: “Get a good night’s rest, exercise, eat a healthy diet and wash your hands often,” Vavra says.

—CG

realhealthmag.com

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SEX

Ask the Sexpert Sexologist Rachael L. Ross, MD, PhD, a.k.a.

Dr. Rachael answers your questions.

How do I talk to my teenage son or daughter about dating abuse?

Size Matters

(ILLUSTRATION) ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/ANA AMORIM; (ROSS) COURTESY OF RACHAEL L. ROSS, MD

Docs aren’t addressing obese women’s sex lives.

Not only does packing on pounds put us at increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, cancer and osteoarthritis—it can also put a crimp in our sex lives, according to a study conducted by the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (a.k.a. Inserm) and published in the British Medical Journal.

While looking at the safety of prescribing hormonal contraceptives for young obese women, researchers found that increased body mass index (BMI, a measurement of height to weight ratio) could put these women’s sexual health at risk.

“We found that obese women were 30 percent less likely than normal weight women to report a sexual partner in the last year,” says Caroline Moreau, PhD, MD, an Inserm senior researcher. “We also found that obese women under 30 were 40 percent less likely to seek contraceptive health care services, 65 percent less likely to use oral contraceptives and four times more likely to report an unintended pregnancy.”

Moreau believes self-esteem and body image issues stop obese women from seeking health care services. What’s more, doctors might avoid prescribing effective hormonal-based contraceptives to obese women because docs think excess weight puts them at risk of cardiovascular disease. Combo birth control pills contain estrogen, which can raise some women’s risk of stroke and heart attack.

That means unless clinics and physicians are trained to deliver alternative family planning counseling to obese patients and treat them using appropriate medical supplies (for example, special gynecological tables), an entire population of women may skip health care services. And that should make you (the Source: Vital and Health Statistics, wrong kind of) hot and bothered. —Cristina González 2010, Series 23, No. 29

63

The percent of reproductive-age women who use a temporary form of birth control.

Start by telling your children that love should not hurt; partners should respect each other and offer moral support and help. Teach them that this loving combination is more important than gifts, money and sex. Remember, these lessons will build an invaluable foundation for your kids’ future relationships.

So when you notice that your teenage children are in unhealthy relationships, act swiftly and deliberately.

Teen abuse victims withdraw from life, stop doing things they enjoy and are visibly nervous when their abusers are around.

Reassure your children that your love is unconditional.

Then ask if their partners make them feel special.

Continue the chat by asking your kids what they like about their partners. Regardless of their answers, point out the things you’ve noticed since your children’s dating relationships started. For example, say, “You don’t seem happy. Maybe the relationship isn’t healthy for you.”

During this conversation, let them know you’re always available to talk to them about anything. Your concern has to be understated and unobtrusive but consistent.

realhealthmag.com

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FITNESS DON’T KID AROUND Protect your children from sports injuries and avoid health risks.

Forget hefty gym fees, yearlong contracts and lines for machines—you can get a great workout at home.

“You don’t have to go to a gym to get an incredible full-body, strength-training, core and cardiovascular workout,” says Bonnie Matthews, a personal trainer and blogger for health expert Dr. Oz. Got your attention? Good. Here’s how Matthews says to do it.

First, warm up by doing small jumping jacks to get your blood flowing. Next, jump rope fast and hard for 2 minutes. Then use a sturdy bench or the second lowest step of a stairway to launch into one set of 12 push-ups.

Now, power out one set of core crunches: Sit on a floor mat, balance on your butt with legs bent at knees and arms stretched in front of you. (Keep feet slightly lifted off the mat.) Extend legs and pull them back to chest while holding your arms in front of you; repeat 12 times. Then, stand up and jump rope for 2 minutes.

Next, do one set of 12 standing lunges using 15-pound dumbbells. Stand tall, with a straight back, and hold dumbbells at your side. Suck in your abs, then step forward with the right leg, keeping left foot in place and bending both knees (don’t lean over your right knee). Return to start position; step off with the other leg and repeat the previous movement.

To complete the workout, do two more rounds on the circuit.

Train consistently for best results, Matthews says. She did and lost 130 pounds by simply working out at home.

—Cristina González

26,000

THE ESTIMATED NUMBER OF HEALTH CLUBS IN THE UNITED STATES. Source: International Health, Racquet & Sportsclub Association 2 2 RE A L H E A LTH FA LL 2 011

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realhealthmag.com

(FITNESS GIRL) DREAMSTIME.COM/JASON STITT; (ILLUSTRATION) DREAMSTIME.COM/ANDRE ADAMS

How to Get a Hot Home Body

Every year, more than 3.5 million children ages 14 and younger suffer a sports injury—and that number’s on the rise. But half of these injuries can be prevented, says John Hurley, MD, an orthopedic surgeon at Summit Medical Group in New Jersey.

While the type of injury varies depending on the activity, there are general signs that point to a sports injury. “If your child favors one side of the body, has trouble breathing, feels dizzy or suffers from joint stiffness, something may be wrong,” Hurley says.

So what can you do? “Increase conditioning and training, avoid having your kids play for multiple teams simultaneously, and give children three to four months of rest time,” Hurley suggests. But most important, pay attention.

“Trust your instincts,” Hurley says.

“You know your child better than anyone. If you think something is wrong, it probably is.”

For more info, visit safekids.org.

—CG

NUTRITION

Feeding Frenzy Is that hunger pang a message from your stomach or your brain?

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he sensation of feeling famished doesn’t always signal that your body needs food. How do we tell the difference between a real hunger pang and a passing one?

Nutritionists suggest we can and should evaluate our hunger level before taking that first bite.

When your belly growls again, try this. Drink a glass of water and wait 20 minutes. That rumble may just be thirst. Also, recall when you last ate. If your meal was less than three hours before, it’s a safe bet you’re probably not hungry.

But when you’re really starved, you’ll know. Your stomach and brain will team up to signal it’s time to eat. That means in addition to a grumbling stomach you may develop a headache, irritability, fatigue or brain fog. These are hunger cues that demand your attention. And don’t put off eating until you’re dizzy, cranky or weak from a lack of energy; you may overeat.

Once you know those hunger pangs are for real, take the time to make a smart and balanced choice. —Janique Burke

The percent of adults nationwide who eat two or more servings of vegetables and three or more servings of fruits each day.

ALL IMAGES DREAMSTIME.COM: (BRAIN) BILLYFOTO; (HAND/COOKIES) ÜMIT ERDEM; (ZUCCHINI) AVDEENKO

Constant Cravings?

Avoid unhealthy binges by understanding why you desire certain foods.

Yesterday you craved chips; today it’s chocolate. What’s behind those urges? Whether salty or sweet, these yearnings may signal your diet has gone off track.

Nutritionally, there may be two reasons behind your desires for food, says Amy Carlson, MS, a registered dietitian in Houston. First, you may lack enough calories.

Second, your diet might be unbalanced. Too few calories during the day can cause blood sugar to drop and trigger late-day compulsions to snack. Plus, caffeine- and sugar-laden diets that are low in complex carbs and lean protein may also cause a food jones.

What’s the best way to kick these hankerings to the curb? Eat a balanced diet, and start with a healthy breakfast. And if the cravings are triggered by emotions, distract yourself to reduce the intensity.

Advises Carlson: “Journal, exercise or vent to reduce your risk of out-of-control eating.”

—Franchesca Ho Sang

Source: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

In the Raw What’s cooking? Nothing!

Eating uncooked food may seem ancient, but the debate is still new.

Devotees believe eating foods raw does a body good, but naysayers say it’s a recipe for health disasters. Here’s food for thought.

First the good news: Studies show high levels of antioxidants in raw foods may help prevent cancer; leaving veggies raw keeps their vitamins intact; and plant-based diets have been shown to improve glucose levels and lower your cholesterol.

Now the bad: According to the American Dietetic Association, cooking foods below 118 degrees Fahrenheit may not kill harmful bacteria; and meatless diets may be deficient in some nutrients, especially ones found in animal products, such as B-12.

The bottom line?

Before you commit to a diet change-up, meet with a dietitian to discuss your best options.

—JB

PART OF THE

SOLUTION That’s what CSI: NY regular Hill Harper became when he committed himself to work as an HIV activist.

By Kate Ferguson

hen Hill Harper played the role of a prisoner dying of AIDS in the 2000 independent film The Visit, he’d already seen the pain and suffering of people living with the virus in real life. At the time, he was in Harvard graduate school working on legal aid projects and meeting a lot of frightened folks being evicted from their homes because of their HIV status.

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Much like Sheldon Hawkes, the medical examiner he plays on the set of CSI: NY, Hill Harper becomes passionate and driven when supporting a cause close to his heart.

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Top: Harper visits with a group of students in Italy. Bottom: Harper speaks at the 2009 YMCA Cincinnati Achievers Banquet.

When young people don’t value themselves, they’re more susceptible to HIV. We must convince them they’re valuable.

To address the issue, in 2006, Harper published a book for young black men titled Letters to a Young Brother. Two years later, he followed with Letters to a Young Sister. Both books encouraged these at-risk groups to talk about how the virus affects sexual relationships and how they can take responsibility for protecting each other’s health.

In both of his books, Harper also focused on the importance of building black teens’ self-esteem. When young people don’t value themselves, he says, they’re more susceptible to HIV. “Unless you convince young people that they’re valuable, magnificent and worthy of a future,” Harper explains, “then talking to them about present-day choices that affect their future lives really falls on deaf ears.”

Harper’s commitment to HIV awareness and advocacy also extends to partnering with others in the artistic community who want to make a difference. Recently, he endorsed a play by actor Daniel Beaty that focused on black health and wellness in general and featured an HIV/AIDS subplot. Harper spread the word about Beaty’s play, Through the Night, via tweets on Twitter and agreed to have his name listed as a supporter.

“I believe all artists should find ways to support each other, and Daniel’s challenging theater piece was just an incredible work,” Harper says. “It’s very difficult for [independent, off-Broadway] shows like his to compete with the big Broadway shows to get people’s attention. I think that [support] is very important, especially when we’re attempting to do work that elevates the human consciousness and spirit.”

Harper’s efforts to raise HIV awareness echo a slew of recent health education campaigns developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As part of a five-year strategy to “Act Against AIDS” (also the name of the campaign), the multifaceted initiative targets various population groups in the African-American

(THIS PAGE AND PREVIOUS SPREAD) COURTESY OF HILL HARPER

“Back then there was a lot less information and a lot of stigma around HIV/AIDS, and that still continues to be the case,” Harper says. “But I think [back then] the stigma was much worse with folks getting evicted from their homes and being discriminated against; there was a lot of misunderstanding [about the virus].”

Then, as now, this misunderstanding helped drive the epidemic.

Almost 1 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in the United States in 2000 (today, that number has climbed to nearly 1.2 million).

The growing epidemic alarmed Harper. Early in his career, he and a cousin collaborated on writing a short film, One Red Rose, about this virus that was killing AfricanAmerican women in droves. “We wanted to talk about this issue that seemed to be very much ignored,” Harper says.

When he played the main character in The Visit, Harper got his chance. This role was based on a real man who died of AIDS in prison.

While doing research for the movie, Harper interviewed a number of HIV-positive prisoners and eventually met Phill Wilson, the founder and CEO of the Black AIDS Institute.

Wilson asked Harper to get more involved with the institute, and the actor took up the challenge.

Four years later, Harper once again landed the role of an HIVpositive man, this time on the hit Showtime drama Soul Food, as the brother of a series regular. Harper’s character announces his HIV status during a family visit. In the episode, he is fearful of death and concerned about all the women he may have infected.

“My goal has always been to use art to entertain and educate at the same time,” Harper says. “I think entertainers have done a great deal to educate people about HIV/AIDS.” While preparing for these roles, Harper continued to educate himself about the virus, and that cemented his commitment to enlighten others—young people in particular, a group increasingly targeted by climbing HIV infection rates.

community. The campaign is designed to fight complacency and apathy about the HIV/AIDS crisis in the United States, to refocus national attention on the domestic epidemic and to reduce HIV incidence throughout the country.

Like the CDC, Harper is serious about provoking people, especially youth, to think about how sexual relations can have long-term health consequences on both themselves and the community. In an interview with the Black AIDS Institute, Harper says, “My priorities lie with young people, particularly young African Americans. Since HIV/ AIDS is affecting that group dramatically, it’s important for me to do this work.”

The CDC estimates that 25,000 African Americans contract HIV each year and that 38 percent of them are ages 13 to 29. For Harper, this statistic raises tough questions.

“Why aren’t we taking care of our health as individuals and taking care of each other’s health?” he asks.

believe part of it is getting people to talk about HIV and not ignore it and act like it’s someone else’s problem.

HIV is everyone’s problem, and we have to take it extremely seriously and learn [more about the virus].”

Harper believes one of the major forces fueling soaring HIV infection rates is people’s seeming lack of concern for each other. He tackled this topic in The Conversation, his third book, published in 2009.

In The Conversation, Harper chronicles a series of chats with friends and strangers that show the wide divide that sometimes separates African-American men and women. “It’s not clear to me that black men and women are taking care of each other, and certainly when you extend that idea to [include] sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS that’s a huge problem,” Harper says. “We have to love each other and want to take

care of and protect each other, and we’re not doing that in other areas, so obviously we’re not doing it as concerns HIV/AIDS.” According to Harper, the most disheartening aspect of writing The Conversation was hearing the two genders’ thoughts about each other.

He says those opinions made him question whether black men and women are even friends anymore.

“That’s the most dangerous aspect of all,” he says, “because at least when you’re friends, you love someone and you care about them, and [that makes] you want to include them in your circle of care.”

Besides the concern he voices to people everywhere, Harper is quick to make room in the circle. His reason for encouraging people to invite others into their circle of care is simple but telling: “If we don’t include each other in our circle of care, then we are in big trouble.” ■

Where Do You Stand?

Whether HIV positive or negative, it’s important to know your status.

f course, as an outspoken advocate, Harper isn’t afraid to offer his provocative and candid opinions of the community’s apathy and unwillingness to confront the issue of HIV and the possible consequences that go with being in denial. “To me, unless we encourage everyone to ask those questions, we’re going to have a tough time solving these issues,” he observes. “Why? Because there’s a whole group out there who doesn’t think there’s a problem and a whole other group who doesn’t care there’s a problem.”

Still, Harper remains optimistic about people’s ability to change.

“I’m very hopeful because we’ve seen progress,” he says. “Yes, it’s been too slow in our community, so what can we do to change that? I

In 2009, to fight apathy about the U.S. HIV crisis, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched a five-year public education campaign called “Act Against AIDS.” This fall, the CDC will roll out the initiative’s latest phase. The goal? To increase HIV testing among black gay and bisexual men—one of the groups hardest hit by the epidemic.

Today, black gay and bisexual men account for more than 40 percent of all new HIV infections among African Americans. The reasons these men are at greater risk of the virus can be attributed to a variety of factors. According to CDC research, those reasons include a higher prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), homophobia, discrimination and men’s unawareness of their HIV status.

What sounded the alarm is a recent CDC study that showed nearly 60 percent of HIV-positive black gay and bisexual men didn’t know they had the virus. This is key because the majority of new sexually transmitted HIV infections are spread by people who are unaware they’re positive.

To address the problem, the CDC launched a series of online, transit and billboard ads in U.S. cities to encourage men to get tested. The reason for the communications blitz is because experts believe HIV testing is critical to help men know their status, get the care and treatment they need, protect their partners from infection, and help bring an end to this epidemic.

To measure the campaign’s success, the CDC has been checking for discernible attitude and behavioral changes, awareness and testing upticks among the targeted population groups. So far, the results look good. The CDC’s 2010 evaluations showed that audiences responded to the campaigns with visits to key CDC HIV education and testing websites.

But remember: It’s still up to you to get tested. Do you know your HIV status? —KF

FA L L 2011 RE A L H E A LTH 2 7

Simmer

Down!

With just a bag of nutritious (and cheap!) ingredients and a little bit of time, you can whip up a steaming pot of soup’s healing goodness.

BY CRISTINA GONZÁLEZ

2 8 REAL HEALTH FA LL 2 011

Mmmmmm!

This colorful bowl of vegetable soup simply screams healthy goodness.

BOOST YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM

Do you wait until your fever reaches an all-time high, your nose runs nonstop and your cough strips your throat raw before you reach for relief? Your immune system requires year-round care, not special attention only three days a year, and a warm and hearty soup (or a light and refreshing one) can give your system the TLC it needs.

Ask a nutritionist. Many swear that slowly simmered, clear broth soups boost immunity and are gentle enough on the digestive system to eat every day. Some of the most common ingredients used to make soup

are nutritious. Onions, for example, are a sulfur-rich blood cleanser.

High-fiber lentils prevent constipation, and the good bacteria in miso, a thick paste made from fermented soybeans and barley or rice malt, promote digestion.

“A healthy mix of different ingredients and a simmering cooking process allow water-soluble vitamins to leach into the cooking water and be retained in the soup,” says Mary Hartley, RD, MPH, a nutritionist for caloriecount.com. “Plus, soup is easy to eat for those who have difficulty chewing or swallowing whole foods, or [who have] certain intestinal problems.”

Ingredients to try: Cabbage can increase your body’s ability to fight infection; ginger aids digestion; seaweed is a natural cleanser; and mushrooms contain polysaccharides (a type of carbohydrate sugar), sterols (fat-like substances that occur naturally in animals and plants), and vitamins and minerals that strengthen immune function.

DETOX YOUR BODY

If you tend to disregard the latest USDA nutritional advice about how to fill your food plate and instead choose to subsist on cheese and pretzels, a detox is a good way to get back on track. While some Western doctors believe that detoxing isn’t necessary because human beings have multiple ways to eliminate toxins (think smog, sugar and alcohol)

Soup is so simple to prepare it’s almost a crime: One pot, water, veggies, whole grains, with meat or without; then let it cook. Done!

3 0 RE A L H E A LTH FA LL 2 011

from the body, Eastern physicians endorse soup- and broth-drinking to flush out the bad stuff.

“In the Eastern traditions,” Hartley notes, “fresh broths made with herbs and greens are taken twice a day to cleanse the body of internal and environmental toxins.”

To put these Eastern traditions into play for a detoxifying boost, swap out your typical Western lunch or dinner for a homemade, low-sodium soup made of clear broth (no creams or cheeses) with tons of bright-colored veggies.

Ingredients to try: Dandelion and mustard greens add sustenance and vitamins A, B and C, plus calcium, folate and magnesium—all of which help detox the liver, increase circulation, reduce inflammation and replenish your body with lost minerals. Then add dashes of ginger or cilantro to spice things up.

BEAUTIFY SKIN AND HAIR

The multitude of benefits that soup bestows on skin and hair may not be uppermost in people’s minds as they stir the liquid goodness in their pots, but what’s in the mix does count. “In order to maintain healthy skin, there is no substitute for a balanced diet and plenty of fluids,” Hartley says. “That’s because skin’s integrity depends on a host of different nutrients.”

Guess what? Many soups contain most if not all of the key vitamins, antioxidants and essential fatty acids (EFAs) beneficial to bright, glowing skin. Specifically, these include vitamin A (found in dark orange and dark green vegetables); antioxidants found in most veggies and dried beans; and EFAs found in cold water fish and the healthy oils many people include in soup dishes.

“Boost the protein value of this nutrient-rich meal by whisking a raw egg into steaming hot soup or adding finely chopped hard-cooked eggs,” Hartley suggests.

What’s more, soup can kick-start hair growth, help your body produce natural hair moisturizers and conditioners and boost protein intake to make your hair less brittle and dull.

(PREVIOUS SPREAD) DREAMSTIME.COM/NATALIE SHMELEVA

our kitchen is the heart of your home, the gathering place for your family, the scene of countless chaotic breakfasts and warming catchup dinners. But picture this: It can also be your doctor’s office and neighborhood pharmacy.

Did you know you have the power to boost your family’s immunity, mount a healthy detox, improve your skin and hair, lower your risk of certain diseases and speed up the recovery from a common cold—all with ingredients right out of your own pantry? How? Toss chopped-up veggies in a pot of water and put it on the burner. Then count the ways below that you can benefit your health by eating soup.

Ingredients to try: Spinach, carrots, pumpkins and beans are all packed with vitamins and antioxidants. And for EFAs, add fish, nuts and oils such as flaxseed and safflower.

LOWER THE RISKS FOR CANCER, HEART DISEASE AND STROKE

No, soup isn’t just a cold remedy.

The regenerative and therapeutic powers of the ingredients in this meal help relieve problems caused by cancer, heart disease and stroke.

“Scientists believe that a predominantly plant-based diet may provide minerals, vitamins and phytochemicals that can prevent cancers and the inflammation that leads to cardiovascular disease,” Hartley says.

“Soups that are loaded with vegetables, whole grains and beans provide those nutrients.”

Cruciferous vegetables, a.k.a. vegetables in the cabbage family, have long been linked to a decreased risk of cancer. Lab studies show phytochemicals found in veggies can stimulate enzymes in the body that may disarm cancer-causing agents before they damage cells. What’s more, other studies suggest that these veggies reduce disease-causing stress and stop the body from being overloaded with dangerous molecules linked to colon, lung, prostate, breast and other cancers.

And they’re not the only veggies that do so.

In addition, the carotenoids— phytonutrients found in the pigment of dark greens—also stop diseasecausing free radicals from harming the body. Garlic, a staple soup ingredient, can protect against stomach cancer and heart disease. And ditto for the plant chemicals found in red foods (such as tomatoes and watermelon). Like whole grains in your soup? If so, brown rice also boasts hundreds of natural compounds that can protect cells and blood vessels, Hartley says.

Ingredients to try: Besides the usual suspects, also reach for these soup-er stars: mustard greens, swiss chard and overachieving whole grains such as corn and bulgur.

GET WELL FASTER

Remember the old myth that chicken soup is good for colds? Well, turns out grandma’s (or mom’s or dad’s) chicken soup may be just what the doctor ordered.

“Scientists at the University of Nebraska showed that chicken soup, homemade or canned, can help ease cold symptoms by helping break up congestion and ease nasal and chest secretions,” Hartley says. “Plus it may also inhibit inflammation.”

How does this magic happen?

Well, doctors speculate that the combination of chicken and veggies, especially when they are cooked in water, is what makes chicken soup super effective.

Supportive studies show chicken soup stops the movement of white blood cells that stimulate mucus release. When a cold virus strikes the body, large amounts of white blood cells called neutrophils rush to the site of the inflammation. This causes a host of dreaded and dreary symptoms such as a runny nose and chest congestion. Soup may simply interfere with the white blood cells’ travel plans. When they stay put, you feel better.

As a bonus, an appetizing bowl of comforting, nourishing soup breaks down congestion and thins mucus.

And the convenient, one-pot meal is so easily digested it lets your body devote its energy to fighting infection full force.

Ingredients to try: Clear, low-sodium chicken broth, boneless and skinless chicken breast, plus onions, carrots, parsnips and dill.

Hungry for more? Now that you know what soup can do for your health, stock up on good-for-you ingredients. Here are Hartley’s tips: If you buy canned soups, be sure they are low in sodium (less than 400 milligrams per serving); and use fresh vegetables when possible and low-sodium broths as a base. Rinse canned beans under running tap water, and use fewer high sodium ingredients such as salt, soy sauce, bacon, ham and regular canned tomatoes and tomato juice.

Bon appetit! ■

CREAMY BROCCOLI SOUP Cumin and sea salt bring out this soup’s flavors. Despite being uncooked and served cold, this rich, creamy and thick soup is the perfect dish to serve on cold winter nights (or chilly fall evenings).

1 cup almonds 1 teaspoon agave nectar 2 cups chopped broccoli 1 avocado, peeled, pitted and chopped 1 small garlic clove 1 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil 1 teaspoon chopped onion 1 teaspoon sea salt 1/ 8 teaspoon ground cumin 1/ 8 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper Put 3 cups water, the almonds and agave in a Vitamix blender. Blend until smooth. Add the broccoli, avocado, garlic, olive oil, onion, salt, cumin and pepper. Blend until the soup is smooth and creamy. Serve immediately, or cover and refrigerate for up to two days.

Makes 4 servings.

Reprinted from Raw Food for Everyone by Alissa Cohen by arrangement with Avery, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc., Copyright © 2010.

CRISIS MANAGEMENT Sickle-cell anemia remains more common among people of African ancestry, but science has made strides in treating this blood-borne disease.

BY GLENN TOWNES

he sharp or stabbing pain can attack anyplace in the body where sickle-shaped cells pile up and block blood vessels. The painful blitzkrieg may strike suddenly and range from mild to severe and from acute to chronic. It’s triggered by dehydration, infection, fever, cold temperatures, drugs and alcohol and any kind of oxygen loss to body tissue. The feeling can last for just a few hours or as long as a week. Those who have sicklecell anemia know these symptoms well. The pain is called a “crisis.” It’s so severe, patients admit they’ve thought hard about suicide.

That’s what Albert Johnson considered when he was a child. “At one point, the sickle-cell pain was so bad I tried to kill myself with a steak knife,” he says. “I was only 12 years old, deeply depressed and very unhappy.”

3 2 RE A L H E A LTH FA LL 2 011

Today, Johnson is better known as Prodigy, one half of rap duo Mobb Deep. When the hip-hop star isn’t busting rhymes in the recording studio or taking home Grammy Awards, he’s speaking to people as a national advocate for the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America.

Johnson says he’s committed to spreading the word that it’s possible to enjoy a full and productive life despite living with sickle-cell anemia (SCA).

For Elijah Bobbitt, who grew up in Trenton, New Jersey, childhood sickle-cell crises were chronic. His body ached, his joints were sore, and his muscles throbbed with incessant and excruciating pain. No one, including his parents, knew why.

“At the time, my wife and I couldn’t understand why Elijah was crying so much,” recalls Bobbitt’s father,

FA L L 2011 RE A L H E A LTH 3 3

being treated. The reason? Trenton had no treatment facilities for people with sickle cell. “The entire situation put a financial and emotional strain on our family,” the elder Bobbitt shares. “There was very little awareness about sickle-cell anemia in Trenton. Believe it or not, a lot of people knew little if anything about the disease.”

Even among some doctors today, ignorance of SCD remains.

“There is a significant need for public awareness about sickle-cell anemia and for funding to support research into treatment options and supportive care for those affected by SCA,” says Ifeyinwa Osunkwo, MD, a pediatric hematologist at Aflac Cancer Center of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. “The majority of America is unaware of what SCA is, how it is inherited and what complications it can cause.”

For starters, because African Americans are more likely to get SCD, it’s often ignored that other races can also develop the condition. “Most Americans with SCA have African ancestry, but the disease also affects Hispanics and occasionally Caucasians,” says John Cunningham, MD, director of the sicklecell disease program at La Rabida Children’s Hospital in Chicago.

“Worldwide, SCA affects persons from North, Central and South America, the Mediterranean region, India and Africa.”

Many people also don’t know that treatment is key to avoiding complications stemming from sickle-cell Left: Elijah Bobbitt stands with his father, Andrew. Right: Grammy Award–winning rap star Prodigy. disease. Unfortunately, treatment is often longThis genetically inherited blood disorder affects about term, and issues of affordability and costs arise. In 100,000 Americans, according to the Centers for Bobbitt’s case, the bulk of his medical treatments were Disease Control and Prevention. What’s more, one out covered under his father’s health insurance. But for many of every 500 African Americans develop the potentially people living with sickle-cell disease, access to care is not so readily available. “Even though we have effective treatfatal condition.

Currently, sickle-cell screening of newborns is man- ment options for sickle-cell anemia, adults who do not dated in all 50 states. However, when Bobbitt was born have insurance cannot access this care,” Osunkwo says.

One of the effective treatment options that excite in April 1990, there was no newborn screening test.

Besides, his parents weren’t aware of their son’s height- Osunkwo is the controversial bone marrow transplant ened risk: “My wife and I didn’t even know we were that some doctors regard as a cure for SCD. If successful, carriers of the trait until after Elijah was diagnosed,” his bone marrow transplants can eliminate sickle cell, father explains. “That’s when we started intensively Osunkwo says.

But other physicians, such as Carole Kenner, DNS, educating ourselves about the disease.”

After Bobbitt’s diagnosis, his parents entered counsel- PhD, dean of the School of Nursing and associate dean of ing and learned about available SCD medications and the Bouvé College of Health Sciences at Northeastern children’s treatment options. But each time Bobbitt University of Boston, say bone marrow transplants may required treatment, his father had to trek miles to either merely put sickle cell in remission and only cure the Philadelphia or New Brunswick, New Jersey, and spend disease in very rare instances.

Nevertheless, apart from the controversy, doctors agree the night at a hotel near the hospital where his son was

ONE OUT OF EVERY 500 AFRICAN AMERICANS DEVELOP SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA.

3 4 RE A L H E A LTH FA LL 2 011

(PREVIOUS PAGES, BLOOD CELLS) DREAMSTIME.COM/SEBASTIAN KAULITZKI; (BOBBITT) COURTESY OF GLENN TOWNES; (PRODIGY) COURTESY OF SIMON & SCHUSTER/MICHAEL SCOTT JONES

Andrew. “We constantly took him to various doctors and hospitals. No one could tell us what was wrong with our child.”

Finally, after a litany of tests, including lab work, X-rays and a lot of poking and prodding, doctors diagnosed Bobbitt with SCA at age 4. “I didn’t know anything about sickle-cell anemia,” says Bobbitt, now 21. “All I knew was that I was always in a lot of pain and felt sick all the time.”

What Bobbitt didn’t know then was that he’d received sickle hemoglobin genes—a.k.a. sickle-cell trait genes— from each parent. (Hemoglobin is a protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and then returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. It also helps red blood cells maintain their healthy round shape.)

Sickle hemoglobin genes can cause red blood cells to become crescent-shaped and sticky. The abnormal shape and stickiness stop the cells from properly flowing through the blood vessels of limbs and organs. The result? Pain, serious infections and organ damage.

When both parents pass these abnormal genes to their baby, the child is very likely to develop sickle-cell anemia, a specific and common type of sickle-cell disease (SCD).

that federal, state and local governments need to do more to offer SCD patients affordable treatment options. Although SCD bone marrow transplants are considered a standard care option and are fully covered by many insurance carriers, including Medicaid (if patients meet state-imposed eligibility requirements), they are extremely expensive. What’s more, the procedure is very high-risk for adults, and there are few available bone marrow donor matches for African Americans.

Perhaps this is why Kenner and other doctors stress the three traditional treatment management options for sickle-cell anemia: comprehensive care, the use of meds such as hydroxyurea and penicillin (prescribed to babies with sickle cell from 2 months to 5 years old), and red blood cell transfusions (of temporary benefit).

But lifestyle modifications also help treat and manage SCD symptoms and shouldn’t be overlooked, Osunkwo says. For example, after Prodigy agreed to his mother’s suggestion to go into counseling, at age 12, the therapy he received helped him change his lifestyle so he could better manage living with SCA. As he got older and educated himself even more about the condition, Prodigy learned the importance of healthy living as a way to control SCA. “I drink water like a fish and just eat nutritious foods,” Prodigy says. “I notice that since I’ve been doing that for the past seven to eight years, I don’t get sick as much as I used to. And if I do get sick, it’s really because of something I’m doing wrong. I really know my body and how to control the disease.”

To regulate his SCA, Bobbitt normally visits the hospital once each week to monitor his blood cells. In addition, each day, he swallows several medications and supplements as part of a customized treatment cocktail.

Osunkwo says the medical

SPORTS BAR Should having sickle-cell trait make student athletes ineligible for competition?

No, says the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). But the sports body did recommend member colleges and universities screen student-athletes—particularly football players—for sickle-cell trait.

Why? Because since 2000, studentathletes with sickle-cell trait have collapsed and died more often than their counterparts with other conditions, the NCAA says.

The reason this can happen is because during intense training, normal red blood cells can suddenly become sickle shaped and trigger a life-threatening medical condition called exertional rhabdomyolysis. When student-athletes with sickle-cell trait experience this condition, they could collapse and eventually die. And even though most studentathletes complete their careers without any major medical complications, to prevent untimely deaths, the NCAA wanted to ensure players received regular screenings and knew their health status.

Although there’s a system in place to inform people they have sickle-cell trait, some health professionals contend there’s a lack of adequate follow-up and medical treatment provided to those who have this potentially dangerous condition.

Also, what hasn’t been confirmed, says Ifeyinwa Osunkwo, MD, a pediatric hematologist at Aflac Cancer Center of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA), is what roll sickle-cell trait played in the deaths of student-athletes with the gene.

“The medical community has not reached a consensus on the risks associated with having sickle-cell trait, and having the trait is not considered a medical diagnosis,” Osunkwo observes.

But do student-athletes with sicklecell trait automatically have an increased risk of death during rigorous practice or actual gameplay? The issue continues to be hotly debated by the medical and sports communities.

Osunkwo’s opinion? “Over-exhaustion from extreme physical training is not a good idea for any athlete whether or not they have the sickle-cell trait.”

—GT

community must do more to improve health outcomes for SCA patients. For starters, this includes: increased SCA education in medical schools and other paraprofessional fields; ongoing education to emergency room providers and hospital care personnel about how to manage SCA patients with acute complications; better ways to transfer medical information to keep patient care consistent; and more research into pain management and other related sickle-cell complications.

To optimize health outcomes, Osunkwo says, everyone must understand that SCA therapy needs a comprehensive approach: disease management, self-efficacy and quality-of-life improvements, not just a pill to make pain go away.

But even though there’s more to be done, science has made great strides. Now, the childhood mortality rate for those with SCA is almost zero. Today, people with sickle-cell disease live well into their 40s and beyond. Compare this with the sickle-cell prognosis in 1973. That’s when doctors estimated the median survival age for kids with the condition was about 14.

The good news is, more adults are living with the condition. But that’s created other problems. “Currently, there’s a serious deficit in providers to care for these aging patients,” Osunkwo explains.

Ultimately, doctors hope to stop SCD by changing or replacing the abnormal gene that causes it.

“Research is looking into gene therapy as an alternative way to cure the disease,” Osunkwo explains. “But we are still several years away from administering a clinical application of this treatment.”

In the meantime, people like Prodigy and Elijah Bobbitt refuse to let living with SCD get them down.

Prodigy launched a “No Pain” campaign earlier this year to raise awareness about the disease. Bobbitt focuses on day-to-day optimism.

“Maybe one day there will be an [easy, effective and affordable] cure for it,” he says.

Until then, Bobbitt suggests SCD patients stay mentally positive. His advice? “Never lose hope.” ■ FA L L 2011 RE A L H E A LTH 3 5

LET’S KEEP IT REAL HEALTHY!

It’s fun to experiment with wigs and other add-ons, but don’t forget to care for your own tresses while you try different faux-hair styles.

BY GERRIE E. SUMMERS

ome sisters view their wigs, weaves and extensions as a godsend.

These hairstyle methods can instantly change a woman’s appearance, give her damaged hair a rest from chemical processing, and help her transition from chemically treated tresses to her hair’s natural texture. What’s more, these options may even aid hair growth by protecting tresses from heat styling tools and harsh weather.

If you’re considering going from real to faux real, here’s a look at the most popular styling options available and tips that will help keep your natural, God-given hair its healthiest while you try out a man-made mane or other enhanced add-ons.

But before we start, what’s key, says hair loss specialist Toni Love, author of The World of Wigs, Weaves and Extensions, is that you select an experienced professional to apply any type of commercial hair. And have the hairstylist examine your hair and scalp to ensure both are ready for the procedure you’ve chosen. If your hair is relaxed, experts suggest indulging your tresses in several deep conditioning treatments before the service. And if hair is in its natural state, professionals recommend one or two of these fortifying treatments.

WIGS

The best thing about these hairpieces is their versatility. What’s more, wigs are a great option for women who don’t want to remain slaves to chemical treatments or who want to give their hair a break from daily styling, says New York City–based hairstylist Shedelle Holmes. “For those who are transitioning [from chemically treated styles], as your hair begins to grow, you can trim the straightened ends until you’re comfortable enough to do the big chop and remove all the relaxed hair.”

But wearing a wig doesn’t mean you can skip taking care of your hair and

EXTENSIONS

Peruse online forums about braided hair, and you’ll read numerous stories about severe hair damage women experienced from putting in extensions—a quantity of hair added to one’s own for length and volume or to get a new look. One woman revealed what happened when a technician braided too much hair onto her own fine strands: The added hair was too heavy. When she removed her braids, she also lost a handful of her own hair—from the roots.

The big problem with extensions is the hair’s weight and the pull it exerts on women’s natural tresses.

“When added hair is applied or sewn too tight on women’s heads, this—along with the weight and volume of the commercial hair—can do great damage to the natural hair, especially if it’s thin or fine,” Love says. “Once traction alopecia sets in and damages the follicles and scalp, it’s hard for hair to bounce back.”

But despite these possible problems, when properly used, braided extensions are a great protective style. While wearing these add-ons, 3 8 RE A L H E A LTH FA LL 2 011

wash hair once a week to remove product buildup. And always dry hair thoroughly to prevent bacteria buildup that can cause rot and mildew. Also, if possible use human hair extensions because they’re washable. (Synthetic hair isn’t waterfriendly so it can matte and cause your own strands to break when you try to take out the braids.) And when removing braids from relaxed hair, be careful not to stress tresses at the demarcation point where the difference in texture weakens the hair.

Give relaxed and natural hair a rest for at least two weeks before rebraiding. Opt for a very low-maintenance style, or consider wearing a flattering wig.

WEAVES

A weave is the process of adding a full head of hair extensions to one’s natural tresses by sew-in or glue-in methods. And though dermatologists have knocked poorly applied weaves because of balding risks, this popular styling option can also give hair a rest from chemical treatments or help women transition from relaxed to natural hair.

While dermatologist Brooke Jackson, MD, founder of the Skin Wellness Center of Chicago, finds nothing wrong with wearing weaves and braids, she suggests women don’t perm their hair before putting in a weave or braids. What’s more, if your hair is already traumatized from using relaxers, Jackson cautions, don’t damage tresses even more by putting in a weave.

And if your hair is healthy enough to support a weave, don’t leave it in for more than four to eight weeks. In addition, have it professionally cared for by a stylist. “It’s always good to have your stylist deep condition any visible hair on a weekly basis,” Holmes recommends. “Also, give your hair a break in between weaves, and remember to trim the ends.”

And when it’s time to remove a weave, preferably have it done by a professional who follows the proper removal procedures for sewn- or glued-in hair.

“I’ve had all of these styles,” Jackson admits. “My weave was too tight and made me feel like I was

going to become my own patient. No one should need to take Tylenol after a hair appointment!”

Needless to say, when Jackson got her weave removed, she followed her own advice: A professional did it. ■

Hair Rules How much do you know about protecting your hairline from damage?

1. Brushing your hairline will help the hair grow. a. True

b. False

2. You should avoid gluing baby hairs onto your weave. a. True

b. False

3. Which method can damage the hairline?

a. Micro braids b. Fusion weaves c. Box braids d. Any styling method that’s done improperly

4. Which of the following conditions can cause a receding hairline? a. Tight braids b. Ponytails c. Buns d. All of the above

5. What type of wig cap is the least likely to cause hair damage? a. Cotton caps b. Nylon caps c. Gel wig liners

6. You should remove bonding glue by…

a. Saturating the area with braid spray b. Following the manufacturer’s instructions c. Having a professional remove it

Answers: 1) b. False. To protect the delicate hairs along the hairline, you should avoid excessive brushing; instead, smooth edges with your fingertips and apply a nutrient-rich hair product.

2) a. True. These hairs can easily be ripped out when you remove the weaves.

3) d. 4) d. 5) c. Gel liners such as Comfy Grip Wig Liners have a therapeutic headband filled with medical-grade gel.

6) b & c. Removed improperly, bonding glue can rip hair out from the roots. Though you should remove bonding glue according to manufacturer’s directions, you should have weaves professionally taken out.

(FIRST PAGES: HAIR) DREAMSTIME.COM/IWONA JOANNA RAJSZCZAK

scalp. “Make sure to wash and condition the hair weekly with a sulfate-free shampoo, and also use a detangling, leave-in conditioner,” suggests Peggy Fuller, MD, of the Esthetics Center for Dermatology in Charlotte, North Carolina. Fuller also recommends wearing low-maintenance styles such as loose plaits and braids, Nubian knots or loose pin curls under the wig to allow the scalp to breathe.

Currently, many women choose to wear popular lace-front or full-lace wigs—hairpieces constructed so that hair looks as if it’s growing out of its lace base. But under these wigs—and hairpieces of all types—women should “avoid tight elastic stockings or other protective head coverings that may cause friction and tension on the hairline and nape of the neck and exacerbate hair loss,” Fuller warns.

Holmes also cautions lace wig aficionados to be careful. “The excessive use of adhesives, or other bonding agents used to attach these hairpieces to the head, can pull the hair and eventually cause traction alopecia [a type of balding],” Holmes says.

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Moroccanoil Curl Defining Mousse for Curly and Wavy Hair (5.1 fl. oz., $22) This argan oil– infused mousse promises bouncy, smooth, frizz-free curls.

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THOUGHTS In Your Own Hands While she searched for the magic key to unlock the door to joyfulness, Robin H-C, author of Thinking Your Way to Happy!, learned the only person who stopped her from feeling good was herself.

This may seem simplistic, but mental wellness experts agree it is sound advice.

Y

ou may think happiness is achieved when you get something you want. But guess what, it’s not. Happy feelings come as you make your way on the journey, not when you arrive at the destination, according to leading researchers on positive psychology.

Also known as the “science of happiness,” positive psychology is the scientific study of the strengths and standards that enable individuals and communities to thrive. It became the rage several years ago when social scientists began focusing on how people stay mentally well.

The researchers confirmed common observations: Happy people tend to be healthier and live longer than unhappy ones.

But what makes people happy? The answer is different 4 0 RE A L H E A LTH FA LL 2 011

I

for everyone. Still, researchers found a universal truth: When people expect a specific goal—such as wealth, a great career or marriage—to bring them bliss, once they pursue and attain that goal they often end up feeling unhappy.

What do scientists suggest to increase well-being, reduce misery and flourish overall?

Don’t wait for some thing or some one to make you happy.

Instead, just live your life.

Also, happy isn’t measured by the “stuff” you’ve accumulated. The keys to nirvana are to interact with people and build good relationships, stay positive, find meaning in life and enjoy accomplishing small, everyday goals.

And accept that this feeling comes and goes each day.

You’ll be so much happier.

—Kate Ferguson

realhealthmag.com

THE EXPERT SAYS Everybody wants to be happy, says Manhattan-based psychotherapist Mary Pender Greene, LCSW-R, but people must learn what happiness really means.

What are some of the major misconceptions people have about happiness?

Many people think making money will make them happy. But getting happy is an inside job. It comes from working on yourself so that you feel good [about undertaking that day-to-day process] rather than acquiring things.

How can people get more realistic about happiness?

Realize that you can feel happier and less happy at certain points. Agonizing about not being happy all the time makes people lose the opportunity to enjoy what they do have.

Can seeking happiness become problematic?

When being happy becomes a destination, it’s problematic. Happiness is a journey—and even when you arrive, you don’t stay there. People should start by doing things that lead them toward the happiness they seek. Then enjoy your travels along the route. Never wait until you reach your destination to be happy.

—KF

DREAMSTIME.COM/SHVECTOR

Don’t Worry, Be Happy

A few years ago, everyone and everything was in the way of me finding happiness. Nothing in my life—people, events, my recently ended marriage—aligned with the way I thought life would look at my age. Then I started doing research on how to get happy. But I came up empty.

I finally realized I was seeking happiness from other people. In the process, I made my self a victim. So I started creating experiences that generated joy. I did simple things, such as exercising and changing my diet. I also surrounded myself with inspiring people.

I challenged myself to take small risks, such as writing a book without knowing if it would be published. Why? Because it made me happy.

This process showed me that happiness is a learned behavior. When I created joyful experiences for myself, I was empowered. Surprise!

I found happiness was up to me all along.

—As told to Cristina González

READER SURVEY

SPEAK YOUR MIND!

(And Win Free Stuff)

Social circumstances, such as racism, poverty and unemployment, can increase a person’s chances of developing a mental illness. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, African Americans are more likely to be affected by these situations. Yet mental illness is often stigmatized and misunderstood in the black community. Tell us your thoughts on the issue by filling in the survey below. To say thank you, we’ll select five winners at random whose surveys we receive and send a fun, dance fitness DVD (suggested retail $14.98) like the one pictured left.

Get ready to strut your stuff!

To enter our drawing, take the survey at realhealthmag.com/survey or fill out this form and mail it to Real Health, c/o Smart + Strong, 462 Seventh Avenue, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10018, or fax it to 212.675.8505. For official contest rules, visit realhealthmag.com/survey/rules.

1. Name:_______________________________________________________ 2. Organization (if you represent one):______________________ 3. Street address:_____________________________________________ 4. City & state:_________________________________________________ 5. Zip code:____________________________________________________ 6. Email:_______________________________________________________ 7. Phone:_____________________________________________________ 8. What year were you born?_________

14. Do you have Internet access? ❑ Yes

❑ No

15. Do you believe stress negatively affects your mental health? ❑ Yes

❑ No

❑ Not sure

16. When you feel overwhelmed by stress do you talk to others? ❑ Yes

❑ No

9. What is your gender? ❑ Female

❑ Male

❑ Transgender

❑ Other

17. What often causes you stress? (Choose all that apply.) ❑ Work

❑ Money

10. What is your annual household income?

❑ Health issues

❑ Other:_____________________

❑ Under $15,000

❑ Relationship with spouse or significant other

❑ $15,000–$34,999

❑ Relationship with family

❑ $35,000–$49,999

❑ Caring for elderly parents

❑ $50,000–$74,999

❑ Caring for children

❑ $75,000–$99,999 ❑ $100,000 and over

18. Do you think you have a good, general understanding of mental health issues?

11. What is the highest level of education attained?

❑ Yes

❑ No

❑ Not sure

❑ Some high school ❑ Some college

19. Are you comfortable interacting with people receiving treatment for mental illnesses?

❑ Bachelor’s degree or higher

❑ Yes

12. What is your ethnicity? ❑ Arab or Middle Eastern

20. Do you think having close relationships helps protect people from developing mental health issues?

❑ Asian

❑ Yes

❑ High school graduate

❑ American Indian or Alaska Native

❑ No

❑ No

❑ Not sure

❑ Not sure

❑ Black or African American

❑ White

21. Which of the following describes your view about people who have mental illness?

(Choose all that apply.)

❑ Other

❑ They’re weak-minded

❑ Hispanic or Latino ❑ Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander

❑ They’re scary

13. Where do you get Real Health?

❑ They’re crazy

❑ I’m a subscriber

❑ My doctor’s office

❑ They can’t function

❑ My church

❑ A community or college organization

❑ They should be institutionalized

❑ It was mailed to me ❑ Other:_______________________

❑ They should get therapy and care

Fall 2011