Chathura Henarangoda - MSc Architecture - Year 02 - 2022

Chathura Henarangoda

PORTFOLIO 2022 MSc Architecture

ABOUT ME I

am Chathura madusanka henarangoda.

I am a postgraduate architecture student who has recently completed the MSc architecture program at SLIIT School of Architecture in Sri Lanka. hence SLIIT is affiliated with the Liverpool John Moore's University. having completed my bachelor's with a first-class. Up to now, I have gained considerable level of experience in both academic and professional aspects. I am a passionate individual who is seeking perfect solutions for the social issues which could be happened in the challenging world.

Especially, in my academic life, I attempted to observe solutions for the architectural social issues of lower income earners through my design projects. I used to look at the shapes and colors of physical environment sensitively. I usually make efforts to provide new ideas by using the colors and shapes of physical environment.

My interest of art of composing spaces, free-hand sketching abstraction, and perspective drawing building leads to develop my experience and skills. My interest for painting, travelling and photography lead to uplift my academic architecture life. My long-term purpose is to create a calm environment with the development of quality of life.

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CONTENT

MSc Year 02 Semester 02 The Thesis design project - Dairy small farmers cooperative hub in Digana.

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MSc Year 02 Semester 01

Urban design 02 - Urban regeneration of Digana (Group project)

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MSc Year 01 Semester 02 The Housing project -

The slae island community low-income housing

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Specialist study

Relevance of “Vasthu Shastra” in contemporary Practice of architecture in Sri Lanka.

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Conservation Project of the old administration building in Colombo general hospital.

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MSc Year 01 Semester 01 Conservation & Heritage Theory Design Resume

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EDUCATION University - Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology 2020 – 2022 MSc With Merit in Architecture awarded by Liverpool John Moores University.

University - Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology 2017 - 2020 BSc (Hons) With 1st class Architecture awarded by Liverpool John Moores University.

School - primary and Secondary education at Ananda Sasthralaya College – Kotte (2001 – 2014) G.C.E A/L in Art stream.

WORK EXPERIENCE MICD Associates (2020 – 2022) • Worked as a Junior Architect and involved in free hand drawings and architectural photography. (2018 – 2019) • Involved in the multitude of projects undertaken by the firm as an Architectural Intern.

• Produced measured free hand drawings for most of the contemporary Geoffrey Bawa furniture and Houses by Architect Channa Daswatta.

Sisira Liyanarachi Associates (2018 – 2019)

• Worked in the team of 3D Designers in the phase of Visualization in many Projects.

• Prepared AutoCAD drawings for ongoing projects in the firm.

• Joined Construction site visits in Local Based Projects as a junior Consultant Architect.

• Recently involved in projects such as Hotel refurbishments, Residential House designs & Villas. Extension projects for existing buildings etc.

ACHIEVEMENTS Chatty Beach Front Development - Design Competition held by the Nothern Province Governor's Office, Sri Lanka Proud to announce that 3rd Place won by Chathura Madushanka again from SLIIT (2nd year student) Asian e-sports centre design competition had by ARCASIA, Proud to announce that 3rd Place won by Chathura Henarangoda and others from (Postgraduate student) SLIIT iii Chathura Henarangoda 2022 Portfolio

RESUME SOFTWARE SKILLS PERSONAL SKILLS AutoCAD Revit Sketchup Photoshop Lumion

Painting

Sketching

Travelling

Photography

LANGUAGES Swimming Sinhala English

+ 94 774916387 chathura.henarangoda1995@gmail.com

GENERAL

https://www.instagram.com/maga_quin/ https://www.behance.net/chathurmadusan5

OTHER SKILLS Drawing / Creativity / Graphic composing / Teamwork / dedication / open minded

97/c1 meemanagoda road, Kalalgoda, pannipitiya

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Thesis Design project Dairy small farmers Cooperative hub

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Project type

Industrial and vocational hub

Site Location

Kandy - Sri Lanka

Duration

Dec 2021 – Jun 2022

Software Used

Sketchup AutoCAD Lumion

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Thesis Design

INTRODUCTION Digana is a beautiful village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province, between Kandy and Teldeniya on A26 road. After submerging of Teldeniya, Digana became the popular alternative town to all neighborhoods. The population is around 2000 families living as a multi-ethnic community. It is a place which is much fertile back in the day. While it is known for its dolomite mineral consisting of dolomite industries in Digana it was also popular for the agriculture and was known as the Kandy forest garden. The agriculture industry covers a vast variety specifically including cocoa, tea, coffee, coconut, spices, pepper and vegetables. With the establishment of the Victoria damp the fertile area was covered with flood. Due to this the selfsufficient economical development downgraded due to the lost of land and the descend of small-scale livelihoods .

Due to this the enriched culture and lifestyles were taking a drastic turn degrading the social and economical values in Digana.

Lack of social knowledge, human skills and competencies, unemployment led the youth to seek temporary comforts. Drug addictions and news of theft were increasing in the area. Digana needed a meaningful strategy in order to take its significance back to life. As a sensitive designer a certain number of urban strategies were proposed in order to uplift the economical , social and contextual elements. From the proposed urban master plan there were few schemes that highlighted meaningful intervention which can serve the mentioned goals. The report conveys an elaborative approach which ultimately serve Diagana that will bring back the lost essence it had. The selected design proposal which is developed as a thesis project is a Dairy small farming cooperative hub. The proposed scheme will enrich the milk production and bring back the villager's livelihood through education, marketing, introduction of value addition and providing interactive platforms to meet the local famers and the investors. The idea was to make the milk production in an extensive manner via creating a portal that serves the local famers to reach the amount of business with the buyers without any intervention of a third party. The thesis project will be ultimate bridge to invite the local farming, cultural economical values that was once served as the identity of Digana.

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PLAN FORMATION Contextually the plan formation is designed in accordance with the regional architecture. The orientation of the blocks were set responding to the sun and wind paths. The long facades were assigned in the north direction to avoid direct sunlight and also to face the main building façades towards the direction of the Digana town forming a welcoming element. Camouflaging with the rural architecture the building were placed and designed maintaining a contextual relevance. The layout is intentionally shattered in to unites reminiscing the typical village like formation to avoid compact arrangements rather making a walkable atmosphere to the users 05 Chathura Henarangoda 2022 Portfolio

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GROUND FLOOR

When entering to the building visually main entrance and the carpark is evident. For disabled access there are separate ramp and easy vehicular access provided. After the main building(functions will be elaborated further), the marketing, value addition and investment platform space is in the ground floor level. Passing this space there will be lecture hall series to the left and to the right there are administrative area and the accommodation spaces for visiting lectures and for the employees. The accommodation spaces are separated from the administrative sector.

Apart from these building blocks, arrives the spaces which are the dairy model farms and the product manufacturing units. They are into the rear side of the site. Rear side is connected to a service road which is use for load and unload purposes and other service facilities. Further the composed plant and biogas plants can be seen in the rear side of the building.

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FIRST FLOOR First floor level is only evident in the main building and the two accommodation units. Other building blocks are single story and provided with ample platform for solar panels. Contextually the place is gaining high solar heat gain compared to other parts of Kandy.

The milk products are available as an outdoor outlet units and served for the visitors for wholesale price. It will add a creative essence to the exterior area and serve with a sweet vibrance to the space. Apart from this ‘Hela bojun” is served to the visitors decorating the space with a cultural vibe while giving the well needed food experience. The dining spaces will be in outdoor yet sheltered units.

Concrete frame structure act as an elegant element throughout the spaces. It gives an aesthetical outlook while signifying a strong form which reminisce the strength of an agricultural livelihood and an exaggerated simple shape of a farmhouse. Bricks were used to give an essence of a down to earth villager and showcase a simple form of construction ion. Timber louvered panels were functionally used for maintain a good thermal comfort while also achieving shading devices to the interior. This will give a tropical essence to the building while getting maximum potential of the contextual elements. The flags were used to represent the cultural strength and create an empowering effect towards villagers and their livelihoods.

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BUILDING ESSENCE Building formation is also inspired by the typical village farmhouse shapes and proportion ethics. The tropical identity is maintained and developed into a large-scale building units. The upper zone is much more filled with building mass while the lower level is quite transparent which symbolize a simple yet and elegant form of architecture. Other building units apart from the main building are designed in a lower-level sequence. It was designed responding to the natural site topography. There is a 5 meters of an overall slop which is interconnected with a ramp system. Other building units apart from the main building are designed in a lower-level sequence. It was designed responding to the natural site topography. There is a 5 meters of an overall slop which is interconnected with a ramp system.

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Main building Main building is in the entering point to the scheme.

The entry is through a void in the building mass forming a grand entrance which is sheltered with upper floor level`. The building accommodates restaurant ,common washrooms, service rooms ,ELV rooms ,Generator rooms and storeroom in ground floor level. The wide staircase leads to the reception area at the first floor level. Apart from it there is information hub, the gallery, auditorium, consulting units are planned in order uplift the meatal well being of the farmers etc. People may this as a platform to identify job opportunities of the agricultural sector.

In this sector the business strategies awareness and value addition methods are introduced to farmers in an educative format. The investors will be meeting the farmers in this platform And also it is an interactive zone to pitch innovative ideas towards the industrial development. Building is designed holding a village essence in terms of its layout and the furniture arrangements A model of a farmhouse is established here giving the idea of a farmhouse and how does it operate in a basic manner. In the time of illness what are the veterinary treatment and precautions can be taken to avoid, these terms can be studied in the sector. The cows in the villages can be accommodated here as a farmhouse whenever they may need a place to stay for a while. The animal waste is used for creating byproducts which is a side industry. The making of compose and biogas are initiated from these waste

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EDUCATIONAL LECTURE HALLS The educative sector consist of four lecture halls . The first lecture hall educate about cows and different breeds and how can we select cows properly to harvest milk . This room also teaches about the milk production and the by products from the harvest and the overall process of farming . The second lecture hall teaches about how to establish a standard farmhouse and share information regarding the process . The third lecture room provides with intel about the food and water amount that is given to cows and how much should be given . The last lecture room give an awareness regarding the deceases the cow can be infected with and about the cows' health monitoring process .

MILK & BY - PRODUCT MAKING UNITS The harvested milk is used for the making of cheese and ice cream in the first unit .

In the second unit is initiating the production of butter and yogurt . In the third is consist of packaging units and preparation zones . The fourth unit consist of a collection of milk taken from the village and used to store and quality assurance . Buildings are supplied with emergency access and backup generator rooms and additional storage units .

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Environmental Strategy Placement of building with the minimum heat gain. Planning to create openings to reduce the inside heat of the building.

Vegetation > planning the trees for the minimum heat gain within the building

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Proposing to apply gable roof structure for obtaining a proper ventilation within the building.

Proposing building formation and shadings to maintain the inside coldness consistently.

According to the current status, this area is fulfilled with simple rural poor people. Therefore, a simple structure was decided since it should be sensitive to the villagers.

Expose bricks are suggested to apply for the interior walls and exterior walls.

The material will be helpful to reduce the heat and maintain coldness at the inside of the building.

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Physical model images of dairy small farmers Cooperative hub Design project

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Structural Strategy

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Urban design group project Urban regeneration of Digana

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Project type

Urban project

Site Location

Kandy - Sri Lanka

Duration

Oct 2021 – Dec 2022

Software Used

Sketchup AutoCAD Lumion

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MICRO CONTEXT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGANA TOWN AND KANDY CITY - The closest main city to Digana is Kandy city. There is a 17.3Km distance between Digana and Kandy. Digana acts as the eastern getaway to the Kandy city center. This close linkage makes it important because the development plans for Kandy city have considered the Digana and surrounding context for cluster town developments (UDA,2019). Kandy is a major central hub in the country whereas Digana is just a small bypass town. Digana is almost never considered a stopping point presently. A main reason for this is that Kandy is already a city with established attraction points due to its historic and cultural value, whereas Digana is not.

RELATIONSHIP. BETWEEN DIGANA AND AREAS IN IMMEDIATE CONTEXT - Kundasale and Pallekale are the two major towns closes to Digana from west side towards Kandy. Those are the closest town to Digana that presently has a considerable development. Kundasale presently is a main administrative and industrial town.

Pallekale is presently the biggest industrial town in the zone, accommodating a major BOI zone. The future development proposals to Kandy city have identified these two towns as the most potential development Even if Kundasale was initially designed as a small town, it has developed with new infrastructure, amenities, and administration facilities. It has taken over the strong connection that Digana had with Kandy city. The immediate cluster town, Pallekele at present emerges as an Industrial town accommodating the BOI zone, an international cricket stadium, and a few other higher educational institutes.

With relation to these towns Digana still acts as the center of the economic activities. Being the central economic city to these Towns, Digana's neglected urban design has disconnected the development Link of the overall area 27 Chathura Henarangoda 2022 Portfolio

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OVERALL LAYOUT FOR DIGANA TOWN DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL

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LAYOUT OF MARKET TOWN

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KEY AREAS OF THE COMMECIAL HUB

1. Landmark & Public Seating area at the entrance Node.

2. Open space to create visual linkage between main road and Digana.

3. Model Forest Preserved and converted into a partially public zone 4. Proposed Bus Stations.

5. Business Street.

6. Street Market lanes- Pedestrianized.

7. Cycling Parking area.

8. Vehicle Parking areas.

9. Intermediate Pockets for community interaction.

10.Central Core Service and Resting Zone.

11. Landscaped steps to connect two levels.

12.Seasonal Market ( Present Bus Station converted as an Adaptive Reuse).

13.Open Public Space.

14. Public Play Area.

15. Commercial Offices and Storerooms.

16. Service Gaps.

17. Restored Cinema.

18. Restaurants and Cafes.

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LAYOUT PLAN OF ECO-PRODUCTION PARK

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KEY AREAS OF THE ECO PRODUCTION HUB + RIVERFRONT A - Urban animal farm+ Farmhouses+ Dairy production zone 1 . Urban animal farm B- Cattle Grounds 2. Central Viewpoint Tower at Highest Point 3. Plantation zones C - Vegetable Plantation Zone D - Coffee Production Zone E - Tea Plantations and small-scale tea factory F - Herbal Product Manufacturing zone 4. Production Zone G - Production zone for textile industry: (Organic Ink, threads, handloom) H - Handcraft Production Zone: Timber crafts, Dolomite Crafts 5. Buffer Zone: Between Residential Zone and Waterfront 6. Waterfront Pocket Park with Dock I - Water Gardens J - Aquatic Farming Zone

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OVERALL PROJECT CONCLUSION The overall ambition of this project is to utilize the identified in built potential of Digana township and uplift it into a distinctive self sustaining township. Digana township has immense potential for development which has been neglected throughout. This design aims to identify these potentials and accelerate them by providing necessary zones for progressive development, along with the required services .

This design is conducted in two phases. First phase aims to develop Digana township within itself, utilizing its own identified development prospective. In the second phase, these employed potentials of Digana township will be integrated to collectively support the adjoining industrial township: Pallekale. With this, a triangular linkage will be created in the macro scale, which will generate a much strengthened and well -connected overall urban network. The major areas that will be developed are Digana’s Northern Edge: Present township as a marketing hub, and Digana’s southern edge as an eco -production zone. Other supporting zones will be developed as service areas. These key two zones will be linked at two ends with adjoining Pallekale Industrial Park in macro proposal, creating the triangular connectivity.

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OVERALL PROJECT CONCLUSION This triangular connectivity will lead to s strengthened circular economic development, with Digana southern edge being the Production zone, Pallekale Industrial Park being the manufacturing zone and Digana northern edge being the marketing zone. If sustained properly, this tri -economic development can contribute to the national economy in the long run. Overall, it is evident with the outcomes that this scheme is a practical solution for Digana township and can be feasibly built if the necessary development and planning methods are applied and commenced. Few improvements can be made when developing the design, however we are content with the outcome and believe that it lives up to the initial design ambition and concepts that were proposed by us.

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Community housing design project Slave island housing design project

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Project type

Housing design

Site Location

Slave island - Sri Lanka

Duration

Oct 2020 – Dec 2020

Software Used

Sketchup AutoCAD Lumion

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INTRODUCTION The name of "Slave Island" was formed during the British period. Number of slaves were imported from African countries by Portuguese, Dutch and British. Slaves were accommodated around this area. Therefore, this area was called as "Slave Island". But the nature of this area has completely changed by now. After receiving independence, the area around the slave island were rapidly developed while developing the Colombo city. Nevertheless, special constructions during the British period could be identified in the current context. Those constructions are reconstructing in the current context. As examples, station of Kompannavidiya which was constructed as the station of Liverpool city in UK and Souza building could be stated.

Highly compacted buildings and neighbourhood could be visible around this area. According to the nature of the population, mostly people who are earning lower income level, living as traditional and having various types of nations, are accommodated in this area. Special feature of this area is, people who live around this area, are having very poor and compacted lifestyle even this area is developing.

Actually, 455 of small houses were located within 6 h acres of space. Therefore, that people's quality of life and quality of living are in very lower level. Slave island could be considered as very rare place in Sri Lanka.

The specialty of Slave Island junction is; major four religious places are located around the Slave Island. As examples, Gunawardhanaramaya temple is located at one side of this area, Akbar Mosque is located at another side of this area, Ave Mariya church is located at another side of this area and Murugan Tamil Kovil is located at another side of this area could be stated. As well as, the people who live in this area, are representing various religions. Those people are living with the above-mentioned interconnectivity and they are facing for any problem with the better companionship and enthusiasm. They are living without any religious or rational discriminations.

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DESIGN SOLUTION Uplifting the people's quality of life through constructing and providing the houses which have adequate spaces instead of small houses. Expanding the openness of this area towards the public, creating attractive open spaces and gathering spaces and providing several recreational activities for the public through those open spaces and gathering spaces. As a solution for declining economical level of this area, this study is expected to make the skills development zone instead of providing education due to not having proper educational system. Children and youth generation of this area are having so many skills. Since providing the opportunity for developing their skills, their economic status and standard of living would uplift.

The special reason for that is, even though, the children who live in around this area, has lack of financial strength, lower level of literacy, they are having so many skills. The above fact was proven by several researches. As well as, this area highly requires skilful professionals since this area has greater level of demand relating to skills. As examples, young generation of this area consists better artists who have drawing skills, several murals competition had been held around this area, through that competition, dilapidated places were renovated by drawing new arts could be stated.

Furthermore, there are lots of dilapidated places located around this area.

Therefore, issue of unemployment could be resolved by appoint -ting the youngers who have drawing skills for reconstructions of dilapidated places while providing training opportunities with the concession of government.

This suggestion would be beneficial for the government and attract more tourists through creating highly attractive public spaces.

Furthermore, this area consists number of hotels and luxury restaurants. Most of those hotels usually use pottery. Hotels are usually done customize orders for purchasing pottery. Therefore, further, this research suggests to provide training opportunities for improving pottery related skills of the particular people.

Then, the particular people would earn by selling pottery for those hotels.

Therefore, the issue of unemployment would be resolved. Instead of hotels, ornaments which were made by metal, handlooms and other local resources have greater level of demand among the tourists. Especially, various metal arts were created in this area. The particular people could improve such type of skills and be sprightful in financially. Even though, that particular people have lower level of education, they could improve such type of skills, enhance their standard of living and success their future.

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CONCEPY IDEA

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Way of responding to the reservation lines

Gathering park at the corner of the existing site.

Build up the building units by corners of the site while responding.

Lifting the buildings that are located in lower levels.

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Interconnecting that building units with each other

Breaking up the edges of the buildings

Breaking up those edges systematically,

making position the building units creating more open spaces.

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PLANE FORMATION

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Design Development

Building unit 1

major unit of the apartment.

These types of building units were proposed especially for lower income earners.

One individual open space will be additionally created in each building unit.

Building unit 2 This building unit was proposed small spaces which facilitate for one or two persons only.

Those building units would be built with in a small space.

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Making attractive city image

This area is more useful to look at the Colombo city from the different perspectives.

Creating more attractive and functional spaces within this area would be more suitable since this area is more local and foreign tourists and public community circulated.

Interconnectivity among the community is more important factor for both present and future situations. Interconnectivity among the community could be happened by two specific methods such as,

1. Creating the interconnectivity between housing community and public community.

2.Creating the interconnectivity among the housing community.

Interconnectivity is one of the most required factors within a lower income community. Declining the economic status and mental status could be mitigated through that interconnectivity. The village had a better interconnectivity.

When moving on to the city, interconnectivity was reduced and people are used to live as individuals.

Therefore, children were grown up with limited to the house. Less mutual support could be seen due to the less interconnectivity. That less mutual support would be disadvantageous for lower income earners. Less interconnectivity could be badly impacted on not only the economic status but also the mental status of people.

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The major access was illustrated here.

It consists two-way stair case which has 15 feet of width.

Emerging exit could be used as an alternative way to rescue from fire or any other disaster.

Both solid spaces and void spaces could be more visible in this proposed apartment.

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Solid and void analysis

Building sun path and heat analysis

Therefore, usually lower income earners prefer to stay with harmony and mutual supports with each other. Therefore, they mostly adopted to live at the outside of their houses rather than staying in the houses. Hence, moor open spaces were proposed to design within the housing units and at the outside of the apartment. In addition to that, cantilever balconies were proposed to build as another strategy. Those balconies were suggested to build as cantilever balconies with eco-friendly open gathering spaces. It will facilitate to make better interconnectivity among the residents who are staying on different floors.

Way of sun circulation was properly represented through the building. Furthermore, the thermal heat at the morning and the noon were properly represented separately. Apart from that, this section clearly represents the way of minimizing the thermal heat of the building by using different strategies. Since this building was designed according to the context, functions and road networks, building formation will be following like this. Since, right sided wind of the building.

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Building sun path and heat analysis The building is faced for the sun path, it generates much heat. However, since the left side of the building is shaded by the Sumathi won't generate that much oh heat. Furthermore, following strategies could be used to keep further thermal comfort by left side of the building.

Land scarping vegetation The proposed building has an environmental and social friendly strategy. This strategy suits for this site because the surrounding area is compacted. Also, it doesn't have any open or interactive spaces for social interaction. Due to that reason, it is becoming a socially uneventful a rea from the city scape. This current situation of this area is becoming a complication and as an answer, the design has provided more open spaces for gardens and people's interaction while scaling down the building area. Cantilevered balconies, landscape and green facades add more color to this area

Therefore, the heated air will always move up. The heated air won't be stored due to the voids. Through those voids, heated air will move from one floor to another and finally it will be issued for the high air. Since ground floor is permeable, cool and clear air will be mostly entered to the building.

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Building analysis

Ovariole building planning Construction plan consists with major four parts such as, • Central gathering space • Permeable marketing space on ground floor • Skill development and show room zone • Residential Building apartment Through of them, residential building apartment is the major requirement. It could be categorized in to major three parts. Through of them, first category is the common unit that is specially allocated for lower income earners. This unit captured 500 feet of floor area according to the Urban Development Authority's regulations. Actually, it could be allocated for 4 members only.

The second category is small re-adjustable space that is specially reserved for one or two members only. Mostly, lower income earners or the people who moved from the outside of the western province for doing jobs could be known as the residents of small readjusted spaces. This type of spaces will facilitate for the above type of persons.

Third category could be known as the spaces with special units. Those spaces are specially allocated for lower middle-income earners. Floor area is much bigger than the other units. Therefore, this unit is specially proposed for lower middle-income earners.

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As materials walls are made of exposed earth bricks and normal bricks with concrete columns and slabs. As flooring material,

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Overall Structure & Façade Analysis According to the structure of this building, it completely consists 8 floors and a roof top. The pile foundation is proposed by this construction. Ground floor consists lower number of columns and a permeable structure. However, the ground floor should be created with lower number of columns and permeable structure for the functions of the building. Therefore, the instead of ground floor, first floor is proposed to distribute the load that is moving from the above, in a different method. The Brad Fraser floor is proposed for the first floor.

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Relevance of “Vasthu Shastra” in the contemporary practice of architecture in Sri Lanka Theory and Research

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Project type

Research project

Site Location

Sri Lanka

Duration

Jun 2021 – March 2021

Software Used

Report

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Introduction ““Vasthu Shastra”” is one of the most widely discussed topics under contemporary architecture. The evolution of “Vasthu” can be traced back to when prehistoric humans began to build houses. However, a specific time period during which “Vasthu” emerged is yet to be identified. Some of the ancient books which were written by ‘Vishwakarma Achari’ and other scholars, provide evidence on the evolution of related techniques.

Certain ancient structures that were built utilizing the ancient “Vasthu” have survived the rigors of time. These include: “Sri Maha Bodhi”, “Ruwanwali seya”, temple of the tooth relic and “Sigiriya”. Professionals and practitioners state that utilizing these techniques is a contributing factor for the longevity of these structures. Rules and regulations of “Vasthu Shastra” do not have the same implications now, as it did during historic periods. But according to the author’s point of view, there could be a logic and reasoning for having “Vasthu” related rules and regulations in ancient architecture.

Ancient “Vasthu” had a scientific explanation or, was at times, based on human convenience and opinions (Koralage, 2000).

Nature of “Vasthu Shastra” “Vasthu” means suitability for living. This provides proper insight and knowledge on choosing a suitable space for human living and the way of designing that space for prosperity and pleasantry. Simply, “Vasthu Shastra” is all about the rules of constructing a house while corresponding both the inside and outside of the house adequate to directions and the nature of the property. ““Vasthu Shastra”” is fulfilled with various architectural rules and regulations. All of these rules and regulations have aligned respectively from purchasing a land to completing the construction. Among them, the initial part is choosing the land according to the Vaastu rules and regulations. Planning a house for the selected land and locating both the interior and exterior structure of the house could be known as the second part. Following activities and elements examples for the interior structure. Those are; foundations, drainage system, allocating rooms with walls, doors, windows and rooves. Following activities and elements can be identified as examples for exterior structure of the house. They are; wells, ponds and soakage pits. “Vasthu Shastra” has a profound history. However, the accurate “Vasthu” related rules and regulations are difficult to recognize. In the current context, some people believe “Vasthu” related concepts and some people don’t. Since there are lack of accurate ancient sources about “Vaastu Shastra, it has become more 8 argumentative. Discussing the truthfulness of “Vasthu Shastra” that were constructed by ancient Rishis, is more important and periodic for architecture (Koralage, 2000 ; Appuhamy, 1994 ; Institute, 2018). “Vasthu” consists of two controversial profiles

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. Those are; profiles which was proven scientifically and the profiles which was not proven scientifically and based on human believes and opinions. However, the most of contemporary discussions and books hinted that the architect specialists are trying to test the reliability of “Vasthu” related rules and regulations through some experiments. Most popular problem regarding “Vasthu Shastra” could be the scientific base of it. However, some of the “Vasthu” related rules and regulations could be proven scientifically and practically while some of them are unable to prove. Furthermore, much deeper study is required to prove some of “Vasthu” related rules and regulations scientifically and practically. As well as, arriving to accurate conclusions is arduous. Since the majority believes some “Vasthu” related rules and regulations as reliable and the complexity to test the reliability of those rules, it should be considered as reliable by the society. As an example, most Buddhists believe that the humans are having transmigration. However, the above fact couldn’t be proven practically. Humans have to die to prove the truthfulness of this fact. Therefore, there may be religions and sciences that couldn’t be proven practically.

Therefore, exploring both the social expectations for that types of beliefs and the relevance of those beliefs for contemporary architecture will be more important and periodic rather than proving the reliability of those concepts and beliefs practically and scientifically. However, proving each belief scientifically and practically is not required. Mostly mental freedom and solace are required by the people in the society. Main idea of this research is constructing a house with responding to the “Vasthu” related rules and regulations in order to uplift the mental health of humans without generating any harm (Appuhamy, 1994 ; Koralage, 2000).

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Conclusion “Vasthu” professionals are responsible to create a house with the satisfactory level of economic, social, mental and environmental status for clients. “Vasthu” related rules which belong to the social and psychological category, are required to construct a house for the clients. However, since the “Vasthu” professionals waste much time to find the reliability of those rules, its scientific background and they believe only their individual opinions, clients may be inspired to get the assistance to create houses from other parties. Therefore, the parties who haven’t an adequate knowledge about the architecture, will involve to the construction sector. As a result of that, most of constructions have not been done according to the “Vasthu Shastra”. If a “Vasthu” professional could teach the scientific and practical reliability of “Vasthu” related rules for the clients while respecting to the clients’ opinions, those professionals will be able to use “Vasthu Shastra” properly within the society. In the current context, most of “Vasthu” related rules have been rejected. The major reason for that is; are “Vasthu” related rules applicable to the modern society due to the development of technologies? Ancient people built some rules for the welfare of the society and doing a successful creation. They built those rules as per the knowledge level of a normal person.

Since the parties who are having proper knowledge about those rules, are unable to provide adequate knowledge about those rules, the modern society is reluctant to believe “Vasthu Shastra”.

Even though, in the ancient, there were fair reasons to prove the reliability of “Vasthu” related rules, “Vasthu” professionals should have more knowledge to teach the reliability and importance of “Vasthu” related rules for the modern society. The above fact was identified through this research. Major purpose of this research is to explore the relevance of Vaastu Shastra” for contemporary practices and its practical usage. Major conclusion of this study are; most of “Vasthu” professionals are creating the houses according to the clients’ opinions and requirements about “Vasthu Shastra”, most of “Vaastu’ related rules were built on the scientific base and those rules were built according to the technology within that periods. If a person who is working relating to the “Vasthu Shastra”, he must have proper knowledge about all the subject areas under the “Vasthu Shastra” and he shouldn’t reject any subject area under the “Vasthu Shastra” due to his own opinions or ideas. Furthermore, that person should be able to answer for any question about “Vasthu Shastra”. The duty of a “Vasthu” professional is to deal flexibly with the clients while further studying about the practical aspect of “Vasthu Shastra”.

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Colombo General Hospital Conservation Design Design for Heritage & Conservation

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Project type

Research project

Site Location

Colombo General Hospital, Sri Lanka

Duration

March 2021 – June 2022

Software Used

Sketchup AutoCAD

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INTRODUCTION Historical building is a specific building which has connected with some kind of past event. Further it explains, a historical building should have some interesting story behind it. Conservation means protecting the historically significant buildings from degeneration. Architectural conservation means protecting historically significant buildings through proper analysis and with minimum negative effects on its original characteristics.

Key methods of architectural conservation are as following.

Preservation Maintenance Restoration Reconstruction Adaptation

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Colombo General Hospital seems like a hidden landmark within the central part of Colombo city. Since the capacity of Pettah hospital was not sufficient, Colombo General Hospital was established in 1864. It was established during the governance of Henry Wards & It was not built-in popular area. In 1903, the foundation stone of Victoria Memorial Eye Hospital was laid. & It was started in 1905Building elements, characters, facade design, colours, material usage and the layout of the Victoria Memorial Eye Hospital building is mostly similar to the original nature of the old administration building. Some people believe that old administration building was built during the governance of late Charles Henry De Soysa and late Charles Henry De Soysa donated it to the Colombo General Hospital. Actually, it is a misconception. And Old administration building was constructed

by British government. Proposal of old administration building was initiated by the Public Works Department during Sir henry Bake governance in 1903. Engineer E.C. Davis explained that this proposal was a systematically square shaped block with a veranda at the central part of front side. and High steep roof was proposed. A small fleche was also proposed for proper ventilation.

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DESIGN SOLUTION Importance of the building Colombo General Hospital may be known as one of the largest hospital in the world.This building is one of the historical buildings which belongs to the Colombo General hospital's zone., Proposed conserve building is one of the historical buildings which has more than hundred years of lifetime, available in Colombo General hospital's zone , In Sri Lanka, this is the only one hospital where the most of foremost specialists work and provides all of medical facilities for the patients, Any patient is directed to the Colombo General Hospital for obtaining his / her final medical treatments. , Therefore, thousands of patients visit Colombo General Hospital per day for obtaining their medical treatments.

solutions This building has been proposed to modify as one of the largest hospital complex in the world within the next couple of years.

Therefore, its capacity of patients will be enhanced and the compactness will also be enhanced.

Through this proposal, the solution will be provided in major two ways, solutions for doing further conservations solutions building and functions of proposed conservation

for systematically maintaining the spaces in proposed conservation building.

This proposal is expected to systematically direct patients for obtaining the services by putting the restrictions for circulating large number of patients at once.

Unsystematic car park has been proposed to make as a systematic car park , This proposal expects to reduce the congestion among the patients within the building premises.

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Solutions for doing conservations of this building Door and window roof coverings of this building were made by timber.

However, in the current context, aluminum roofing sheets has been replaced for that timber roof coverings.

Timber door and window roofing coverings are proposed to restables for preserving consistency of the original nature by removing the aluminum roofing parts.

Broken exterior moldings and cravings have been proposed to re-establish.

Broken interior stair cases that were used for service access, have been proposed to re-establish.

Every interior partition wall that was constructed as per the requirements of the hospital, are proposed to re-establish.

A pipe line system has been created by aluminum for disposing the rain water Since that pipe line system is caused to make the changes in aesthetical appearance of the building, a gutter.

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Side elevation

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Front elevation

Rear elevation

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Section c-c

Section B-B

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Section a-a

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Interior natural light analysis

Wires of the plain lights and spot lights have been proposed to circulate through the steel pipe mesh. Therefore, electrical wires won't be visible unaesthetically at the inside of the building.

According to the following figure 2, external steel pipe ceiling mesh, plain light units and spot lights have been proposed for the museum and medical experiment laboratory.

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Interior Artificial lighting analysis Original antique light fittings have been again proposed as the artificial lighting.

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Overall Structure & Facade Study No new additions have been done to the superstructure of the original building Although been deteriorated with time the Superstructure did not show any visible cracks. Walls built were thick and catered fire-resistant properties.

Presence of a cavity and a net in the middle of the wall.

Walls were Made out of Brick plastered with a clay mixed layer. Teak timber wood floor in the upper floor act as natural fire-resistant material. The structural Arches often found in the building design carries the load evenly.

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Since this structure is an extension of previous ancient building, extensions have been proposed to locate without being harmful or annoying for the current building.

Therefore, those extension units have been proposed to make as a light weighted and easily assembled structure.

Hence, it is easy to remove this extension during some urgent situation.

Sun path and wind path analysis Front facade of the building is covered from direct morning sunlight while the back facade of the building is covered from the evening sunlight. Even though, morning sunlight is comfortable to the humans, evening sunlight generates the heat at the inside of the building..

Interior natural light analysis There are two lighting systems in this particular building such as natural lighting and artificial lighting. Through the new design proposal, natural lighting is highly proposed to obtain rather than obtaining artificial lighting. Especially, natural lighting is highly proposed for the common gathering spaces. Therefore, different strategies are proposed to use for reducing the heat gain which was made from the evening sunlight. For proper cross ventilation, large timber framed windows are proposed to replace as an new addition by removing a part of the wall that is located at the back side of first floor.

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Overall Structure & Facade Study

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Building substructure and super structure It is hard to determine the exact Foundation type of the Substructure of the old administration building. But with the analysis of the other buildings around and buildings during British colonial times it could be Assumed that the building has a strip foundation attached with its cavity walls.

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