SKILLINGS MINING REVIEW June 2024

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Volume: 113. Issue.06. June 2024

22 Major Upcoming & Recently Launched Iron Ore Mining Projects The worldwide iron ore mining business is seeing substantial growth, with numerous major projects in the works or just launched. Here are some crucial details about these initiatives.

32 Mineral Processing Jobs

18 Manganese Market Sees Surge in Prices

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Volume: 113. Issue.06. June 2024

12

Invest in African Energy Forum 2024: Uniting Global Industry Leaders in Paris

16

South African Mining Industry: Addressing the Need for GenderAppropriate PPE shortages

Major Upcoming and Recently Launched Iron Ore Mining Projects

22

The worldwide iron ore mining business is seeing substantial growth, with numerous major projects in the works or just launched. Here are some crucial details about these initiatives.

42 Angola’s Natural Gas Drive: A Game-Changer for Africa’s Energy Sector

Al Workman and Jining Zhong INSIGHTS FROM THE FIELD Leadership, Career Progression, & Industry Trends

36 32

Mineral Processing Jobs

Manganese Market Sees Surge in Prices The manganese market is experiencing a significant price surge, drawing attention from industry stakeholders. The recent boost in manganese prices has prompted Jupiter Mines to release a comprehensive update on the current landscape of the manganese market.

Experts in the fast-paced field of mineral processing are in great demand. Process engineers, metallurgists, mill superintendents, process control engineers, and mineral processing technicians will all play more and more important roles as long as global industries depend significantly on minerals and metals.

13 Metso Unveils Next-Generation

Crushing Solutions: Lokotrack EC

18

28 FutureCoal Encourages G7 Adopt

38 KEFI Launches Tulu Kapi Gold Project

Balanced Approach to Coal

in Ethiopia, Creating 1,000 Direct Jobs

14 Petra Diamonds Secures Long-term

29 Mining Industry Advances in Social

Agreements with Etana Energy

Responsibility: Achieving a Social License to Operate

39 Container Rotation Systems Unveils

30 JPMorgan Says BHP Plan Risks $4.3

40 Loyal Lithium Raises A$3.3 Million to

20 North American Graphite Miners

Push for Tariffs on China-Sourced EV Material 27 Iamgold to Raise $410 Million through

Share Offering

Billion S. Africa Outflow

Advanced Lid Removal System Advance Trieste Project

31 Alaska Energy Metals Expands

42 Angola’s Natural Gas Drive: A Game-

Nickel-Copper-PGE Portfolio

Changer for Africa’s Energy Sector

3

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Mill Liners: ME Elecmetal sets the global industry standard for excellence in the design and supply of highly engineered mill liners and comprehensive liner solutions for SAG, AG, ball, tower, and rod mills.

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Today, ME Elecmetal has five foundries in the United States, Chile and China, with a combined annual production in excess of 134,500 metric tons. With our joint-venture facilities, ME Elecmetal has an annual grinding media installed manufacturing capacity that exceeds 590,000 metric tons of forged grinding balls for SAG and ball mill grinding, in addition to steel rods for secondary grinding.

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Skillings.net | June 2024

11

INVEST IN AFRICAN ENERGY FORUM 2024

Uniting Global Industry Leaders in Paris The Invest in African Energy (IAE) forum is set to commence its second edition on Tuesday, May 14th, in Paris, bringing together key stakeholders from the African and global energy sectors. Over the course of two days, participants will engage in discussions, networking sessions, and explore lucrative deal-making opportunities aimed at advancing Africa’s energy agenda.

African Energy Landscape

Panel Discussions

The forum will feature the active participation of energy ministries, national oil companies (NOCs), service providers, and regulators from prominent African nations including Angola, Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa, and more.

These countries will showcase various projects open to private sector involvement, ranging from licensing rounds to farm-in opportunities, highlighting Africa’s immense potential for energy development.

A series of panel discussions will delve into key topics shaping Africa’s energy landscape, such as future-proofing the gas and LNG industry, financing renewable energy projects, unlocking investment in midstream and downstream sectors, and exploring emerging opportunities in high-growth markets across the continent.

Ministerial Panel on Energy Transition A highlight of the event will be a ministerial panel on the second day, focusing on Africa’s role in the global energy transition. Against the backdrop of evolving energy priorities and international environmental policies, this panel will map out Africa’s trajectory in embracing a just energy transition, ensuring sustainable development and energy security for the continent.

Global Investor Interest IAE 2024 has garnered significant attention from global investors, attracting a diverse array of participants including operators, exploration and production companies, technology providers, and financial institutions from the Middle East, Europe, the U.S., and Asia. This international presence underscores the sustained interest in leveraging Africa’s abundant energy resources to enhance energy security both locally and globally.

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Skillings.net | June 2024

These discussions aim to foster collaboration and innovation in addressing Africa’s evolving energy needs.

Organizer’s Invitation Sandra Jeque, Event & Project Director at Energy Capital & Power, the forum’s organizers, extended a warm invitation to energy industry stakeholders to participate in IAE 2024.

Emphasizing its significance as a premier showcase of African energy projects outside the continent, Jeque encouraged attendees to seize the opportunity for fruitful discussions and deal-making in the vibrant city of Paris.

As the Invest in African Energy Forum 2024 prepares to kick off in Paris, anticipation is high for two days of dynamic engagement, networking, and collaboration among industry leaders. With a diverse range of participants from Africa and across the globe, the forum promises to be a catalyst for advancing Africa’s energy agenda and driving sustainable development across the continent.

Metso Unveils Next-Generation Crushing Solutions: Lokotrack EC Range Metso, a leading provider of equipment and services for the mining and aggregates industries, has launched its groundbreaking Lokotrack EC range, ushering in a new era of efficiency and sustainability in crushing operations.

Efficiency and Sustainability at the Core Jarmo Vuorenpää, Director of New Lokotrack Offering at Metso, emphasized the efficiency and sustainability benefits of the Lokotrack EC range. When external electricity is available, the electric power transmission delivers high capacity while minimizing operational costs and CO2 emissions. In instances where external power is unavailable, onboard diesel gensets ensure maximum independent operation time, further enhancing operational flexibility. Additionally, auxiliary units such as mobile screens and stackers can be powered from the same gensets, optimizing energy usage across the entire plant.

Modular Architecture for Enhanced Adaptability At the heart of the Lokotrack EC range is a revolutionary shift towards electric power transmission, marking a significant departure from traditional hydraulic systems. By harnessing electric power, these units drastically reduce the reliance on hydraulic oil, resulting in more sustainable crushing operations. Notably, all Lokotrack EC range units are adaptable to external electricity sources, offering flexibility and environmental benefits.

Product Unveiling at Lokolaunch Event Metso proudly unveiled the inaugural offerings of the Lokotrack EC range at the prestigious Lokolaunch event held in Tampere, Finland. The first two products introduced are the Lokotrack LT400J and LT350C, designed to meet the diverse needs of primary, secondary, and tertiary crushing applications.

The Lokotrack LT400J, a robust 68-ton mobile jaw crusher, is engineered for the primary crushing of hard rock and recycled aggregates. Meanwhile, the Lokotrack LT350C, weighing in at 50 tons, stands as a formidable mobile cone crusher tailored for secondary and tertiary crushing tasks. Both units boast seamless integration capabilities with each other and with Lokotrack mobile screens, enabling the production of high-quality aggregates with ease.

The Lokotrack EC range embodies a new modular architecture, streamlining componentry and offering scalable solutions tailored to various applications and capacities.

Renaud Lapointe, Senior Vice President of Metso’s Products business line in the Aggregates business area, highlighted the agility and efficiency facilitated by this innovative approach to product development. The modular architecture enables quicker responses to changing customer needs and facilitates more efficient support for the machines, with fewer parts required and easier upgrades of new features.

Reliability and Safety as Top Priorities Metso’s commitment to reliability and safety is evident in every aspect of the Lokotrack EC range. All components are meticulously designed and rigorously tested to perform optimally in demanding conditions, ensuring maximum uptime for customers. The LT400J and LT350C models are engineered to meet the latest safety standards while prioritizing user-friendliness. Furthermore, the incorporation of new digital tools enables operators to safely control the units from excavators and swiftly transition from transport to operation mode.

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Petra Diamonds Secures Long-term Agreements with Etana Energy In a significant move towards sustainability, Petra Diamonds has signed longterm power purchase agreements (PPAs) with Etana Energy to procure wheeled renewable energy for its Cullinan and Finsch diamond mines in South Africa. fixed costs at their South African operations. “The tariff secured is expected to lead to sustained reduction in our energy supply costs, which will further reduce fixed costs at our South African operations,” Duffy noted. He further expressed optimism about achieving net zero emissions for Scope 1 and 2 by 2050, with a potential to reach this goal as early as 2040.

Strategic Partnership for Renewable Energy Petra Diamonds, a prominent diamond producer, has entered into landmark long-term PPAs with Etana Energy, a licensed South African energy trader, to source renewable energy for its Cullinan and Finsch diamond mines. This agreement marks a critical milestone in Petra’s journey towards sustainable mining operations. Etana Energy specializes in providing cost-competitive clean energy primarily from wind-based projects.

Commitment to Greenhouse Gas Reduction Under the terms of the PPAs, Etana will supply between 36% and 72% of the expected energy load requirements for Petra’s operations starting from the 2026 financial year. This significant shift to renewable energy will enable Petra to achieve its ambitious target of reduc-

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ing Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 35% to 40% against its 2019 baseline well ahead of the 2030 deadline.

“This will result in a considerable reduction of our GHG emissions, well ahead of our 2030 target, and will further strengthen the sustainability credentials of our diamonds,” Petra CEO Richard Duffy said. “We consider this to be an important facet, alongside the traceability and provenance of our diamonds, in differentiating Petra’s product offering.”

Economic and Operational Benefits Beyond environmental benefits, the renewable energy sourced from Etana is expected to contribute to predictable energy costs and significant cost savings over the duration of the PPAs. Petra’s CEO highlighted that the secured tariff would lead to a sustained reduction in energy supply costs, thereby lowering

A Partnership for Shared Value The collaboration with Etana Energy represents a strategic partnership aimed at creating shared value. Petra’s commitment to sustainability is reinforced through this agreement, demonstrating how the company creates value through partnerships that benefit both the business and the broader community. “These agreements with Etana also demonstrate how Petra creates shared value through partnerships and we look forward to embarking on this long-term collaboration with them,” Petra stated.

Accelerating Renewable Energy in South Africa Etana Energy, on its part, views this agreement as a crucial step towards accelerating the deployment of new renewable energy capacity in South Africa.

Reyburn Hendricks, Etana’s director, emphasized the positive impact of this initiative on the country and the planet.

15

SOUTH AFRICAN MINING INDUSTRY

Addressing the Need for Gender-Appropriate PPE The South African mining industry is experiencing a significant transformation as an increasing number of women join the traditionally male-dominated workforce.

This shift presents a promising opportunity for diversification and economic empowerment.

H

owever, a critical barrier persists: the lack of equitable access to gender-appropriate PPE for women.

Addressing this issue is essential for creating an inclusive and safe work environment for all.

Challenges in Accessing Gender-Appropriate PPE Despite the growing demand for women’s safety wear, significant hurdles remain. One of the primary challenges is awareness. Traditional PPE suppliers often focus on high-volume sales of generic, male-oriented safety wear, leading to a lack of

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awareness about women’s PPE options among procurement officers in mining companies. This oversight often results in the procurement of unisex alternatives, which are not a cost-effective solution.

Ill-fitting PPE can lead to discomfort, reduced productivity, and safety hazards, making the wrong PPE just as dangerous as no PPE. Cost is another obstacle. Gender-appropriate PPE can carry a higher price tag due to lower production volumes. However,

the investment in properly fitting PPE is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of female miners. The cost of not providing appropriate PPE can be far greater in terms of productivity loss and workplace accidents.

Progress in Industry Standards A significant step forward occurred in July 2023 when the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy introduced a new guideline for a Mandatory Code of Practice (COP) for PPE selection specifically for women in mining. This code mandates that employers consider women’s specific needs, including proper sizing and footwear. It also emphasizes the importance of ongoing evaluation of PPE for appropriateness and user comfort.

While these guidelines represent progress, achieving lasting change requires collaboration between PPE suppliers, industry leaders, health and safety officers, and worker unions. Efforts must be made to educate these stakeholders about the benefits of women’s PPE and the legal requirements for its provision.

Importance of Correctly Fitting PPE

The Path Forward To truly transform the South African mining industry and create an inclusive environment, the provision of gender-appropriate PPE must be prioritized. Companies have a legal and moral obligation to ensure the safety and well-being of all workers, including women. By investing in proper PPE, companies can enhance productivity, reduce workplace accidents, and foster a culture of equality and empowerment.

The introduction of the Mandatory COP for women’s PPE is a step in the right direction, but more work is needed. Continuous collaboration and education among all stakeholders are essential to ensure that the industry moves towards a more inclusive and safe future.

Ultimately, the correct PPE is not just about safety—it is about dignity, respect, and creating a workplace where everyone feels valued and empowered. As the South African mining industry continues to evolve, addressing the need for gender-appropriate PPE will be a crucial factor in its success and sustainability.

Raising awareness about the limitations of male-oriented safety wear is crucial. Prioritizing PPE that fits the female form—featuring a defined waist, hips, and a wider range of sizes—ensures greater mobility, comfort, and safety. Properly fitting gear eliminates restricted movement and hazardous gaps, allowing women to perform their jobs with confidence and efficiency.

Footwear is another critical component. Women’s feet have specific biomechanics that require footwear with a narrower heel and a smaller footprint compared to men’s boots. Such designs offer stability and support, reducing fatigue and the risk of injuries. Beyond the core protective function, women’s PPE should incorporate additional design elements to enhance safety and comfort, such as breathable fabrics, strategically placed seams, and ergonomic features.

Empowering Women Through Appropriate PPE Providing anatomically appropriate PPE goes beyond safety; it is about making women feel safe and empowered in the workplace. Properly fitting gear fosters a sense of professionalism and belonging, enabling women to perform their jobs on par with their male counterparts. It also reduces the risk of long-term health issues, contributing to a more sustainable and productive workforce.

17

Manganese Market Sees Surge in Prices Amid Supply Disruptions The manganese market is experiencing a significant price surge, drawing attention from industry stakeholders.

T

he recent boost in manganese prices has prompted Jupiter Mines to release a comprehensive update on the current landscape of the manganese market.

Fastmarkets Indices Reflect Rising Prices According to the cross-commodity price reporter Fastmarkets, manganese prices have shown a marked increase. As of May 28, 2024, the prices for 37% manganese ore content are $6.29 per dry metric tonne units (dmtu) on a cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) basis at the Port of Tianjin in China and $5.43/ dmtu on a free on board (FOB) basis at the Port of Elizabeth in South Africa.

This is a substantial rise from the prices on April 30, 2024, which were $4.80/dmtu on a CIF basis and $3.92/dmtu on a FOB basis, as noted in Jupiter Mines’ March quarterly update. The highest previous price recorded was $7.96/dmtu in November 2016.

Supply Disruptions Fuel Price Increase The significant rise in manganese prices is primarily attributed to recent supply disruptions. Jupiter Mines’ head of marketing, Tracey Cloete, highlighted that the supply interruptions are a result of Cyclone Megan, which severely impacted the Groote Eylandt Mining Company (GEMCO) operations in northern Australia. South32, the parent company of GEMCO, suspended operations indefinitely in March due to the cyclone.

“We are expecting manganese prices to be higher than the historical average for the coming months,” Cloete stated.

“This is mainly due to supply disruptions as a result of Cyclone Megan which impacted the GEMCO operations.”

Inventory Levels and Price Support The reduction in supply from GEMCO has led to a decline in inventory levels since November 2023. Producers in South Africa had already begun to cut back on export volumes,

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Source: Businesswire

further drawing down available inventory. This decrease in supply has created a tight market situation. “Typically, as inventory levels decline, prices are supported because there is less material in China that can be consumed by plants,” Cloete explained.

Opportunities for Industry Players With manganese prices expected to continue their upward trajectory, industry players have a window of opportunity to fill the gap left by GEMCO’s reduced output. Notable companies poised to benefit from this situation include ConsMin, which operates the Woodie Woodie manganese mine in Western Australia, and OM Holdings, owner of the Bootu Creek manganese mine in the Northern Territory.

Jupiter Mines‘ update indicates a bullish outlook for the manganese market in the near term. The combination of supply disruptions and declining inventory levels is expected to keep prices elevated above historical averages. This presents a promising opportunity for other producers to ramp up their operations and meet the increased demand.

FloLevel Technologies

Graphite powder, used for battery paste, is pictured in a Volkswagen pilot line for battery cell production in Salzgitter, Germany, May 18, 2022. REUTERS/Fabian Bimmer/File Photo

North American Graphite Miners Push for Tariffs on China-Sourced EV Material The battle for dominance in the electric vehicle (EV) market is intensifying as North American graphite miners lobby the US government to impose tariffs on Chinasourced graphite products.

T

his move aims to counter Beijing’s monopoly on a crucial material used in automobile batteries, adding to existing tensions between the two economic powerhouses. Here’s a closer look at the escalating trade dispute and its implications for the global EV industry.

Tariff Proposal on China-Sourced EV Material North American graphite miners are urging the US government to impose a 25% tariff on three graphite products imported from China. These tariffs are intended to address concerns about China’s control over key materials vital for EV production, particularly graphite used in battery anodes.

Challenges to Supply Chain China currently dominates the global graphite market, accounting for 70% of global output. This dependence on Chinese graphite poses significant challenges for North American miners, who struggle to compete with lower-priced imports.

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OEMs, the main customers of graphite manufacturers, often opt for cheaper Chinese graphite, undermining the viability of offtake agreements and hindering capital raising efforts for North American miners.

Trade Tensions The proposed tariffs could escalate trade tensions between the United States and China, further straining diplomatic relations. The Section 301 tariff, introduced by former US President Donald Trump, targets China’s unfair trade practices related to technology transfer and intellectual property.

However, China has denounced these tariffs as discriminatory and retaliatory.

Impact on EV Industry The push for tariffs has divided the EV industry, with OEMs opposing the measure due to concerns about supply chain disruptions and increased costs. Without a credible supply

chain from North America, OEMs argue that they are forced to depend on Chinese imports to remain competitive against Chinese auto makers.

Strategic Importance of Critical Minerals The dispute over graphite underscores the strategic importance of critical minerals in the global energy transition. As countries seek to reduce their reliance on China for these key materials, trade protections and domestic production become imperative for ensuring supply chain security and national interests.

China’s Export Controls In response to growing international scrutiny, China imposed controls on

graphite exports last year to safeguard national security and interests. This move reflects China’s efforts to maintain control over critical minerals and protect its dominant position in the global market.

Call for Trade Protections The North American Graphite Alliance, a coalition of Canadian and American graphite producers, advocates for trade protections to counter China’s ability to manipulate global markets.

Erik Olson, a spokesperson for the alliance, emphasizes the need for tariffs to address China’s overproduction of graphite and ensure a level playing field for North American miners.

The push for tariffs on China-sourced graphite products highlights the growing competition and geopolitical tensions surrounding the EV industry.

As North American miners seek to secure their position in the global market, the outcome of this trade dispute will have far-reaching implications for the future of EV production and the broader clean energy transition.

In conclusion, the battle over China-sourced EV materials underscores the urgent need for strategic measures to safeguard supply chain resilience and protect national interests in the face of increasing global competition.

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21

Major Upcoming and Recently Launched Iron Ore Mining Projects The worldwide iron ore mining business is seeing substantial growth, with numerous major projects in the works or just launched. Here are some crucial details about these initiatives.

T

he Simandou iron ore project in Guinea, one of the world's largest undeveloped high-grade iron ore reserves, has received $15 billion in financing for the development of railway and port infrastructure. This project, which is expected to be operational by the end of 2025, will be the world's largest new mine with the greatest iron ore content, contributing approximately 5% to global marine iron ore reserves.

Magnetite Mines' Razorback Iron Ore Project in Australia has experienced a significant rise in Probable Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources to 2 billion and 3.3 billion tonnes, respectively. The company has completed optimisation studies for a redesigned project scope with an initial production scale of at least 5 million tonnes per year, capable of producing highgrade and Direct Reduction (DR) grade iron ore products.

Fortescue Metals Group's Iron Bridge project, a premium-grade magnetite operation, is ramping up production, despite a setback caused by a ruptured water pipe. The company sees Iron Bridge as vital to the energy shift, offering diversification potential and a product ideal for green iron manufacturing.

Iron ore production in the United States is predicted to increase by 2% each year between 2022 and 2026, with ArcelorMittal leading the way. The country's iron ore exports, largely to Canada, are also expected to grow at a 2% CAGR during the same time period.

Global iron ore production is expected to increase marginally at a CAGR of 1.9% throughout the projected period, reaching 3,002.8 million tonnes in 2030, with Brazil, China, Russia, India, and Australia contributing to the growth.

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Onslow Iron Project: A New Era for Iron Ore in Western Australia.

W

estern Australia, known for its tremendous mineral richness, is preparing to host one of the largest iron ore projects currently underway: the Onslow Iron Project. This gigantic project, led by Mineral Resources, aims to liberate billions of tonnes of iron ore resources while simultaneously setting new benchmarks in sustainable mining techniques and innovative technologies.

A collaborative effort.

The Onslow Iron Project is a joint venture between Mineral Resources, which owns 40%, and Red Hill Iron Joint Venture partners Baowu, AMCI, and POSCO, which own the remaining 60%. This collaboration brings together a wide range of experience and resources, ensuring that the project capitalizes on the strengths of all stakeholders.

Mineral Resources will be in charge of all parts of the project, including mining and infrastructure, crushing, haulage, and port/transshipment services.

Production & Logistics The Onslow Iron Project, which is expected to ship roughly 35 million tonnes of iron ore per year, has the shortest pit-toport distance at 150 kilometers. Autonomous road trains will transport ore to the Port of Ashburton via a dedicated, sealed haul road. There, the ore will be loaded into transhippers and transported to capesize vessels anchored 40 kilometers

offshore. With a projected mine life of more than 30 years, this project will be a key contributor to the world iron ore market for many decades.

Technological Innovations Innovation is central to the Onslow Iron Project. The project will use the world's largest autonomous 320-tonne road trains to improve both safety and efficiency. These road trains will initially run on diesel, but there is a clear plan to shift to electric autonomous road trains, resulting in huge carbon reductions.

Furthermore, the project will use enclosed transhippers, which allow export without the requirement for a deep-water port, reducing environmental effect. The NextGen modular crushing plants will contribute to sustainability by reducing dust and noise emissions.

Sustainability Initiatives Mineral Resources is strongly committed to sustainability. The switch from diesel to electric road trains is just one illustration of the project's efforts to

minimize carbon emissions. Another option is to combine sustainable solar power generation with energy storage technologies to charge these road trains. The initiative seeks to reach net zero operational emissions by 2050 by electrifying and using alternative fuels. These actions demonstrate the project's dedication to environmental stewardship and decreasing its carbon impact.

Workforce Accommodation The project, which includes resort-style towns designed to improve living conditions for workers and their families, sets new standards for workforce housing. A 500-room village on the Ken's Bore mine site and a 250-room village in Onslow town will provide apartment-style rooms that are three times larger than normal fly-in, fly-out (FIFO) accommodations.

These facilities will contain a variety of amenities to provide a comfortable and supportive atmosphere for the personnel.

Economic and Environmental Impacts The Onslow Iron Project is Mineral Resources' largest ever capital investment, valued at A$3.7 billion. Over its first 30 years of operation, the mine is estimated to produce more than A$10 billion in royalties for the Western Australian government. The

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project will also provide around 3,000 construction jobs and 1,000 permanent operations positions, creating considerable employment prospects while encouraging local and indigenous company engagement.

Environmental management is a primary focus, with tight plans in place to limit the impact on local flora, fauna, heritage monuments, and the marine environment. Greenhouse gas control, water efficiency, and site rehabilitation strategies all contribute to the project's dedication to long-term sustainability.

Future Prospects Looking ahead, the Onslow Iron Project has the ability to increase output capacity to 50 million tons per year by duplicating current infrastructure. Mineral Resources has additional iron ore resources in the region, making the project a possible hub for developing other stranded deposits.

The Onslow Iron Project is more than just a mining project; it represents a comprehensive approach to sustainable and innovative resource production.

It demonstrates Mineral Resources' commitment to leading the way in responsible mining, while also providing major economic and environmental benefits to Western Australia. As the project moves forward, it promises to solidify the region's position as a worldwide iron ore powerhouse.

Marillana Iron Ore Project:

Revolutionising Pilbara Mining A 50-50 partnership between Brockman Mining and Mineral Resources, the Marillana Iron Ore Project is positioned to become a mainstay of iron ore production in the Pilbara area of Western Australia.

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ocated around 100 kilometers northwest of Newman, this project is unique among the Pilbara's underdeveloped iron ore reserves in that it aims to produce 20 million tonnes of iron ore per year for direct shipping.

Detrital iron deposits and channel iron deposits (CID) make up these reserves, which offer a strong basis for the project's long-term viability, which is expected to last longer than 20 years according to present projections.

Up Close View of the Resource Base

Progress: From Possibility to Reality

The 1.51 billion tonnes of mineral reserve of the Marillana Project is graded at 30.1% Fe. There are 748 million tonnes of proven and probable ore reserves at 30.2% Fe inside this.

Having finished its pre-feasibility investigations, the Marillana Project is now in the feasibility study phase. The current feasibility study covers thorough mine planning, processing

Skillings.net | June 2024

techniques, logistics, and infrastructure development. Targeting first production by 2025, the project is subject to final permissions and investment decisions. The 20 million tonnes of saleable iron ore will be produced by an anticipated plant throughput of 37.5 million tonnes per annum through on-site beneficiation to generate both lump and fine products.

Significantly, the dry processing method simplifies environmental management by doing away with the requirement for a tailings facility.

Infrastructure and Logistics: Edging Port Hedland It takes a strong logistics system to get the ore to market.

Along with building vital infrastructure, such as a heavy haul road and an accommodation village, the project calls for a 300km trucking route to Port Hedland and the provision of basic services like water and power. Potentially, a multi-user infrastructure solution could help other miners in the area.

Jobs and Income as Economic Impact There should be major economic gains from the Marillana Iron Ore Project. Over 900 jobs are expected to be created during the building phase, and 500 permanent operational positions will follow following completion.

Sustainability Commitment Targeting net zero emissions with the use of electric mining equipment and renewable energy, the Marillana Project is dedicated to sustainable development. With the dry processing technique, tailings management is not only unnecessary but also water consumption is reduced. Together with thorough restoration and closure planning, the project is also looking into sustainable water supply alternatives including remote desalination and aquifer reinjection.

Participation and Permits In addition to negotiating the environmental assessment and approvals procedure with regulators, the project includes Native Title agreements with traditional owners. Through this cooperative strategy, the Marillana Project is to be advanced in an ecologically friendly way.

All things considered, the Marillana Iron Ore Project is a major addition to Western Australia's mining portfolio that promises to provide significant economic and employment advantages while upholding strict environmental regulations.

Pilbara's position as a global iron ore powerhouse is expected to be cemented as Brockman Mining and Mineral Resources get closer to production.

Guinea's Mineral Wealth Unlocked with the Simandou Iron Ore Joint Venture Synergy: Combining Assets Strengths from Brockman Mining and Mineral Resources Project Over the course of its first mine life, the project may generate over A$5 billion in royalties and corporation tax payments in addition to giving chances to regional and indigenous companies.

complement each other in the joint venture. Australian iron ore exploration and development company Brockman provides its knowledge from the iron ore projects in Ophthalmia and Marillana. Conversely, Mineral Resources, well-known for its resource processing and mining services, has a wealth of project development, mining, and logistical expertise.

Developing Innovatively Two phases make up Marillana's development plan. An extension to 20 Mtpa (Million tonnes per annum) steady-state production will come after a 10 Mtpa start-up operation to verify the logistical network.

A possible light rail alternative and autonomous road trains are two of the cutting-edge logistical technologies being investigated to maximize ore transportation.

Tucked up in the isolated, mountainous region of southeast Guinea is the Simandou Iron Ore Project, which is set to revolutionize the iron ore industry worldwide.

Perched atop what is thought to be the biggest unexplored high-grade iron ore deposit in the world, this project has reserves of more than 2 billion tonnes and a 66–68% iron content.

An International Project A model of international cooperation, the Simandou project is jointly managed by the Trans Guinean Company (CTG). Rio Tinto, through the Simfer JV, has a 45.05% share; Aluminium Corporation of China (Chinalco) has a 39.95% stake; Winning

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Consortium Simandou (WCS) has a 15% stake; and the Government of Guinea has a 15% stake as well. This varied alliance highlights the project's worldwide importance.

Laying the Foundation The building of a 622-kilometer railway to link the mine to a new deep-water port at Morebaya on the Atlantic coast is one of the largest projects of the Simandou initiative.

by more than 5% yearly. Just the building phase is expected to generate around 45,000 employment, with 10,000 permanent ones once the facility is operational. The local economy will be much enhanced by this inflow of jobs and money.

Sustainability Commitment

Transportation of iron ore to foreign markets depends on this railway and the port facilities built to accommodate the Cape-size boats. The $15 billion estimated infrastructure cost underscores the scope and significance of this undertaking.

In the center of the Simandou project is sustainability. Planned are rigorous environmental and social management strategies to lessen effects on local populations, water supplies, and biodiversity. Communities near the railway line are having their resettlement action plans created. Rio Tinto is committed to responsible mining as seen by its $700 million commitment to sustainable development projects.

Results and Schedules

Technical Achievements

April 2024 saw the start of full-scale development of the port Construction of more than 100 bridges and viaducts as well as and rail infrastructure, which was supposed to be finished multiple tunnels is necessary to build a 622-kilometer railway by 2025. 2026 is when the first iron over difficult terrain. ore exports are predicted to start, after the mining activities have deThe proposal calls for a specialized veloped. Rio Tinto is committed to fleet of more than 200 locomotives Over its first 25 this enormous project as seen by and 16,000 carriages. With 250,000 years, the project is their budget of about $6.2 billion DWT vessels able to be accommodatpredicted to bring in over for the mine development. ed by the new port infrastructure, $15 billion in revenue for iron ore may now be exported to Ambitions for Production Europe and Asia.

Guinea, maybe raising With the possibility to reach 100 the nation's GDP by more Water and Power Supply million tonnes per year (Mtpa) at than 5% yearly. full capacity, the initial production To power mining activities, a 670MW target is set at 60 Mtpa. The market power plant will be constructed; would be greatly impacted and Guinassessments for combining solar and ea would be positioned as a major hydro power sources are now under participant in the mining sector since this output level would progress. A steady water supply for the project is guaranteed contribute about 5% to the world's seaborne iron ore supply. by the 100 million liters of water that desalination facilities are expected to produce daily.

Obstacles in Path

Not all of the Simandou project has been without difficulties.

Delays have resulted from protracted talks brought on by Guinea's complicated ownership structure, legal issues, and political unrest. Logistically difficult as well are the enormous infrastructure requirements in such a far-off place.

The management of possible impacts on local populations and biodiversity depends on continuous environmental and social impact assessments.

Financial Miracle for Guinea Over its first 25 years, the project is predicted to bring in over $15 billion in revenue for Guinea, maybe raising the nation's GDP

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Outlook There are prospects for further development because the Simandou South deposit has an extra 3.5 billion tonnes of iron ore. More general economic advantages are made possible by the multi-user and multi-commodity utilization of the rail and port facilities.

For Guinea, the Simandou Iron Ore Project offers a huge chance to use its abundant mineral resources. Despite major obstacles, the project's effective execution promises the area enormous economic growth, job creation, and sustainable development.

Iamgold to Raise $410 Million through Share Offering

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amgold has announced a significant financial maneuver, entering into an agreement with a syndicate of underwriters to sell 72 million common shares. This move aims to generate approximately $410 million in gross proceeds, intended for repurchasing a stake in the Côté gold project from Sumitomo Metal Mining.

The primary purpose of this substantial offering is to repurchase the 9.7% interest in the Côté gold project near Gogama, Ontario, from Sumitomo Metal Mining (TSE: 5713). This transaction will enable Iamgold to regain a 70% ownership interest in the project, enhancing its control and potential returns from the operation.

Iamgold Corporation, in collaboration with a syndicate of underwriters co-led by National Bank Financial Markets, BMO Capital Markets, and RBC Capital Markets, has secured a deal to sell 72 million common shares at a price of $5.70 per share. This strategic initiative is set to yield gross proceeds of about $410 million (US$300 million). To accommodate potential over-allotments, the underwriters have also been granted an option to purchase an additional 10.8 million shares, potentially raising an extra $61.5 million.

The net proceeds from the share offering will initially be deposited into an interest-bearing account or utilized to repay drawn amounts on Iamgold’s credit facility.

These funds will remain allocated for the repurchase until the transaction is completed, anticipated by the end of 2024.

Iamgold is confident that the combination of the offering’s net proceeds, existing cash, and cash equivalents will be sufficient to facilitate the repurchase.

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FutureCoal Encourages G7 Adopt Balanced Approach to Coal Following the Group of Seven (G7) forum’s declaration to phase out unabated coal by 2035, global coal organization FutureCoal has urged world leaders to adopt a balanced, pragmatic, and responsible approach to energy policy.

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he announcement, made during a G7 Ministerial meeting on climate, energy, and environment matters, has sparked debates over the future of coal and its role in ensuring energy security and reliability.

FutureCoal’s Perspective: Michelle Manook, CEO of FutureCoal, expressed concerns regarding the clarity and objectives outlined in the G7 statement. Manook highlighted that while several G7 countries, such as Germany and Japan, still rely on coal for baseload electricity, they have emphasized the necessity of coal in ensuring energy security. The G7 statement specifically referred to unabated coal as coal plants lacking carbon capture and storage technology.

Challenges in Germany and Japan: In Germany, although legislation calls for a coal phase-out by 2038, uncertainties remain regarding an earlier phase-out.

The country’s Finance Minister has dismissed the aim to phase out coal by 2030 if affordable energy alternatives are lacking. Additionally, Germany’s energy regulator has warned about the potential grid problems due to the lack of reliable standby capacity such as coal.

In Japan, a cautious approach to coal phase-out has been adopted, with no specific date set. Japan operates the world’s most efficient coal power fleet, which has served as a crucial component of its electricity supply, particularly following the mass nuclear shutdown in 2011.

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Environment Ministers from the G7, which includes Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S., pose for a photo during of Minister’s Meeting On Climate, Energy & Environment on April 29, 2024 in Turin, Italy. | Photo Credit: Getty Images

engagement beyond the G7, particularly involving the Global South, to invest in technology solutions, including abated coal, to lower global emissions.

Sustainable Coal Stewardship Roadmap: FutureCoal has presented a Sustainable Coal Stewardship roadmap, showcasing existing abatement and commercial opportunities that enable the coal value chain to mitigate emissions in alignment with the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming to 1.5˚C above preindustrial levels.

Technological Solutions:

Call for Balanced Approach:

Manook highlighted that known technologies could abate up to 99% of coal emissions during combustion, emphasizing the importance of genuine international cooperation in achieving global sustainability objectives.

Manook emphasized the importance of a balanced approach to energy policy, where affordability, reliability, and security are prioritized. With coal playing a pivotal role in more than 80 countries, FutureCoal advocates for wider leadership

As the debate over coal phase-out intensifies, FutureCoal’s call for a balanced, pragmatic, and responsible approach to energy policy resonates globally.

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Mining Industry Advances in Social Responsibility Achieving a Social License to Operate

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s regulatory frameworks surrounding the social obligations of mining operations continue to evolve, many mining companies are already exceeding these requirements to gain the essential ‘social license to operate’ from local communities. This proactive approach is vital for securing long-term operational success and fostering positive relationships with stakeholders.

ally focused on reducing negative impacts and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, they are now expected to create substantial social value. The expectations from communities and other stakeholders can be subjective and difficult to quantify, often changing midstream. This makes it challenging for mining companies to set and achieve targets that align with community needs and desires.

The Importance of a Social License

Investment and Community Engagement

Mining companies recognize that obtaining a social license to operate is crucial. This concept extends beyond regulatory compliance, involving the perception and acceptance of mining activities by the host communities. According to ENS Namibia senior associate Stefanie Busch, a social license is about gaining community buy-in and ensuring ongoing approval for mining operations.

Meeting social obligations requires substantial investment from mining companies. For example, in Ghana, draft community benefit regulations mandate that 1% of gross revenue be allocated to local projects through development agreements with the community. ENS Uganda partner Donald Nyakairu emphasized the importance of transparency and accountability in mining operations to ensure they meet these social expectations.

Regulatory Landscape and Industry Practices Regulations governing the social aspects of mining are becoming more stringent. For instance, the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy in South Africa has introduced guidelines mandating that mining companies address the specific needs of women in the workforce by providing appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This move highlights the industry’s shift towards more inclusive and community-focused practices.

Local regulations in African countries now emphasize the social responsibilities of mining companies, although the specifics vary across jurisdictions. ENS South Africa senior associate Zinzi Lawrence pointed out that South African communities are particularly aware of these obligations, which encompass both mitigating negative impacts and generating positive benefits such as employment and skills development.

Evolving Expectations and Challenges Despite the regulatory advancements, mining companies face significant challenges in meeting the dynamic and increasing expectations of various stakeholders. ENS Ghana partner Rachel Dagadu noted that while companies have tradition-

Creating Sustainable Communities In remote areas, mining companies often face the dilemma of either transporting workers to the site or establishing mining towns. The latter option involves significant responsibilities, including providing essential services such as electricity, water, and sanitation. ENS Namibia senior associate Stefanie Busch highlighted the need for mining companies to plan for the long-term sustainability of these towns, even after mining activities have ceased.

The Role of International Standards Many mining companies operating in Africa adhere to international standards, setting benchmarks for social benefits.

These standards often exceed local requirements and serve as a model for government regulators. Investors and financiers also play a crucial role in driving these standards, as they seek to avoid litigation and ensure ethical operations.

As the mining industry continues to navigate the complexities of social responsibility, the importance of securing a social license to operate cannot be overstated.

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JPMorgan Says BHP Plan Risks $4.3 Billion S. Africa Outflow A successful takeover of Anglo American by BHP Group could trigger an outflow of $4.3 billion from South Africa, according to a recent analysis by JPMorgan Chase & Co. Deal Dynamics and Market Response While Anglo American has spurned BHP’s $49 billion bid, it has agreed to discussions with the mining giant. BHP now faces a deadline of May 29 to make a firm offer. Cunningham’s analysis suggests there is a significantly higher probability that BHP will reach an agreement with Anglo American.

“There is now a materially higher probability that BHP will reach an agreed deal,” Cunningham noted in a May 23 note to clients. She also warned of potential downside risks to the share prices of Anglo American’s units, Anglo American Platinum (Amplats) and Kumba Iron Ore, should the deal proceed.

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his potential outflow, stemming from the proposed deal, poses significant implications for the South African economy and its currency, the rand.

Potential Currency Impact The proposed takeover, which has been rejected by Anglo American but remains under negotiation, involves Anglo distributing its holdings in its South African iron ore and platinum units to shareholders. This distribution could lead to developed-market investor index funds selling the unbundled stocks, resulting in the substantial outflow.

JPMorgan’s South African mining analyst, Catherine Cunningham, emphasized the potential repercussions of such an outflow on the rand. The South African currency has gained 4.4% against the dollar in the past five weeks, the most among the 16 major currencies tracked by Bloomberg. However, the expected outflow from the BHP deal could weaken the rand, reversing its recent gains.

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Implications for Amplats and Kumba The proposed deal could adversely affect the share prices of Amplats and Kumba, two major players in the South African mining sector. Amplats, with a market value of R192 billion, is nearly 80% owned by Anglo American. Kumba, which has a capitalization of R170 billion, is almost 70% held by Anglo American. Cunningham’s analysis predicts developed-market funds will sell $9.4 billion in stock, while $5.1 billion will be purchased by emerging-market investors, resulting in the net outflow.

“Locals will not sell anything, developed market index funds will sell every share they receive, and DM active and others will sell 90% of what they receive,” Cunningham estimated.

“EM active funds will buy 50% of what’s for sale.”

Investment Mandates and Market Capitalization Developed-market index funds would need to divest their shares as Johannesburg-listed stocks do not fit their investment mandates. Active investors are also likely to limit their exposure to single-commodity and single-country stocks.

Kumba’s mines are all located in South Africa, while Anglo

Platinum has one small operation in Zimbabwe, with the rest based in South Africa.

Spinning off these companies would also add $14.2 billion to the market capitalization of the MSCI South Africa index, increasing it by about 6%, according to Cunningham’s analysis.

Strategic Considerations For Anglo American, the decision to distribute its South African holdings and the potential takeover by BHP involves strategic considerations. While the distribution could streamline Anglo’s operations and potentially increase shareholder value, the resulting market dynamics and investor reactions could lead to short-term volatility.

The implications of this deal extend beyond the immediate financial outflow. The weakening of the rand could impact South Africa’s broader economy, influencing import and export dynamics, inflation, and overall economic stability. Additionally, the market responses to changes in the holdings of Amplats and Kumba will be closely watched by investors and analysts alike.

The potential takeover of Anglo American by BHP Group represents a significant event in the mining sector with far-reaching implications.

JPMorgan’s analysis highlights the possible outflow of $4.3 billion from South Africa and the subsequent impact on the rand and local stock prices. As BHP approaches the May 29 deadline to make a firm offer, the market will closely monitor developments, preparing for the potential shifts in South Africa’s economic landscape.

New Quebec Acquisition

Alaska Energy Metals Expands NickelCopper-PGE Portfolio The scene is set for this year’s International Mining and Resources Conference (IMARC) in Sydney next week with the announcement by Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese to increase the investment in the Critical Minerals Fund.

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laska Energy Metals Corporation (AEMC) has announced a strategic acquisition that strengthens its position in the critical minerals sector. The company has entered into an agreement to acquire a 100% interest in the Bambino nickel-copper platinum group element (PGE) property located in the Temiscaming Region of western Quebec.

Strategic Expansion in Quebec The newly acquired Bambino property spans 57 claims over 3,320 hectares and is strategically located adjacent to AEMC’s 100%-owned Angliers-Belleterre property, which the company acquired in 2023.

The proximity of these properties allows AEMC to consolidate its exploration efforts and leverage the geological synergies of the combined land package.

Geological Potential The Bambino and Angliers-Belleterre properties are underlain by thick basalt flows interlayered with gabbro sills and komatiite flows. This geological setting is indicative of a mantle plume environment, which is highly prospective for high-grade

nickel mineralization similar to the renowned Kambalda and Raglan deposits.

Commencement of Exploration Program AEMC’s exploration program for the Bambino property is fully funded and set to commence immediately. The program will include the collection of approximately 4,000 soil samples, extensive prospecting, and a VTEM (Versatile Time Domain Electromagnetic) survey.

CEO’s Vision and Market Impact Gregory Beischer, CEO of Alaska Energy Metals, expressed enthusiasm about the acquisition and the company’s strategic direction. “Our Nikolai nickel project in Alaska, which hosts the Eureka deposit, already contains one of the largest known nickel resources in the US. We intend to acquire Bambino so that we can further expand our contribution of nickel and other strategic metals to the rapidly growing lithium-ion battery industry and the long-term energy storage industry in North America,” Beischer stated.

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l a r e Min g n i s s e c o Pr s b o J Experts in the fast-paced field of mineral processing are in great demand.

Process engineers, metallurgists, mill superintendents, process control engineers, and mineral processing technicians will all play more and more important roles as long as global industries depend significantly on minerals and metals.

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The transformation of raw materials into valuable resources that propel several economic sectors is mostly the responsibility of the mineral processing industry.

For those with the appropriate training and credentials, this industry provides a wide variety of employment options, from mining and refining metals to manufacturing industrial minerals and building materials.

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e explore the many positions and duties, educational needs, and career options within this fast-paced sector in this post. Whether you are an experienced expert trying to progress your career or a fresh graduate looking for an entry-level job, this thorough guide will offer insightful information on the fascinating and fulfilling prospects in mineral processing.

High Demand for Positions in Mineral Processing Fuels Industry Growth Experts in the fast-paced field of mineral processing are in great demand. Process engineers, metallurgists, mill superintendents, process control engineers, and mineral processing technicians will all play more and more important roles as long as global industries depend significantly on minerals and metals.

These professionals are essential for the effective mining extraction and processing as well as for promoting sustainability and innovation in the sector.

Process Engineers: The Mineral Processing Architects In the forefront of mineral processing plant design and optimization are process engineers. Strongly trained in chemical, metallurgical, or mineral processing engineering, these experts handle the complex process of planning and directing the metal and mineral extraction from ore. Their knowledge also covers process condition monitoring, cutting edge technology implementation, inefficiency troubleshooting, and maximizing extraction efficiency.

Five to ten years of experience and expertise using simulation programs like JKSimMet, METSim, and HSC Chemistry are typical of a process engineer. Their function is critical to project cost management, operational efficiency enhancement, and the financial sustainability of mineral processing operations.

Metallurgists: The Experts in Metal Extraction and Refining Metals are extracted and refined in large part by metallurgists, especially those with specializations in hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. These experts create and put into practice cutting edge procedures that yield premium mineral concentrates by testing and researching on the spot.

With advanced degrees in extractive or process metallurgy, metallurgists contribute a plethora of expertise from benchscale test work to full-scale process development. Especially in the handling of tailings and other byproducts, their job is crucial to guaranteeing that mineral extraction procedures are effective and ecologically friendly.

Superintendents and Managers of Mills: Supervising Daily Activities Mineral processing plants run well because of mill superintendents and managers. Having led teams for more than ten years, these experts manage day-to-day tasks like feed rate, operational parameter, and chemical addition monitoring.

In charge of overseeing groups of engineers, technicians, and operators, they guarantee a unified and effective workforce.

Processing plants need their knowledge of budgeting, cost control, and productivity enhancements to stay profitable and functioning. They also are essential to creating workforce training programs and operational procedures, which are essential to upholding high standards of efficiency and safety.

Control Engineers for Processing: Increasing Productivity with Automation High degrees of technical proficiency are brought to the automation and optimization of mineral processing circuits by process control engineers. Having earned degrees in chemical, electrical, instrumentation, or control systems engineering, these experts use sophisticated process control methods and

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STRONG FOUNDATIONS IN MINERAL processing, extractive metallurgy, and data analysis are needed by the sector. Upskilling of geologists and metallurgists to employ specialist tools and techniques is also advancing predictive strategies that link the mining and processing fields.

equipment such as DCS, PLC, and SCADA systems. Encouraging productivity and efficiency in mineral processing processes requires their capacity to tune controllers, optimize control loops, and troubleshoot problems. With the industry moving toward more automated and data-driven methods, their function is growing in significance.

The Practical Experts: Mineral Processing Technicians Experts in the field, mineral processing technicians run and maintain a variety of processing machinery, including flotation cells, crushers, and mills. Smooth operations of the plant are guaranteed by their practical abilities and compliance with safety procedures.

These specialists are essential to the regular operations of mineral processing facilities since they give engineers and managers the tools they need to keep performance at its best and safety regulations met.

The Rising Need for Knowledgeable Workers Strong foundations in mineral processing, extractive metallurgy, and data analysis are needed by the sector, as seen by the necessity for qualified workers in these positions. Highly sought after are advanced degrees, digital proficiency, and cross-functional teamwork. These positions will become increasingly more important in the future as the sector develops and emphasis on sustainable practices and cutting-edge technology increases.

Demand Growing for Mineral Processing Knowledge in Battery Metals and Beyond Professionals knowledgeable in processing important battery metals like lithium, nickel, and cobalt are in high demand due to the fast expansion of the energy storage and electric vehicle (EV) industries. In many facets of mineral processing, from process development and plant design to operational

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positions throughout the supply chain, this has created a wealth of employment opportunities.

Processing Battery Metals By 2030, the world's drive for cleaner energy is expected to have increased the demand for lithium by more than 500%.

Building of new lithium hydroxide and carbonate facilities to supply battery makers is being driven by this increase.

Experts in electrolysis, ion exchange, and acid leaching are in great demand. Moreover, understanding of direct lithium extraction methods from non-traditional sources like brines and clays is getting more and more important.

Expertise with solvent extraction, electrowinning, and high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) of lateritic ores is needed for nickel and cobalt. A developing area of opportunity is also the recycling of used lithium-ion batteries. Deep knowledge of cutting-edge extraction and purification methods is necessary for these positions in order to generate battery-grade metals needed for the expanding electric vehicle industry.

Geology To maximize mineral processing activities, the developing multidisciplinary area of geometallurgy combines geological and metallurgical data. Geometallurgists can develop better predictive models of ore behavior throughout different processing stages including comminution, flotation, and leaching by using geostatistical modeling, chemical analysis, and automated mineralogy. Process control and efficiency are thus improved.

Managers and coordinators of geometallurgy are increasingly needed to supervise the use of geometallurgical methods and data integration. Upskilling of geologists and metallurgists to employ specialist tools and techniques is also advancing predictive strategies that link the mining and processing fields.

Process Digitization Digital technologies being used in mineral processing are revolutionizing the sector. Together with Internet of Things sensors and sophisticated analytics tools, digital twins—virtual copies of actual processing facilities—are becoming essential to raising operational efficiency.

The combination of these technologies calls for experts in advanced process control, machine learning, and data analytics.

Process optimization machine learning models are becoming more and more important. Furthermore, the utilization of

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES BEING USED in mineral processing are revolutionizing the sector. Together with Internet of Things sensors and sophisticated analytics tools, digital twins—virtual copies of actual processing facilities—are becoming essential to raising operational efficiency.

and environmental effect, like paste or thickened tailings systems.

Opportunities in this field include creating rehabilitation plans for site closure and reclamation, putting water treatment systems into place, and constructing and monitoring tailings facilities. Professionals in environmental and digital monitoring are finding jobs as tailings facility management is improved by the use of drones and digital monitoring systems.

Rising Prospects Internet of Things systems and big data platforms calls for cybersecurity specialists to guarantee the security of linked operations. The drive for digitalization is generating a need for metallurgists and process control experts that are skilled with digital workflow tools and automation systems.

Management of Tailings Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) concerns together with tighter laws are making sustainable management of tailings—the waste material left behind after the extraction of valuable minerals—more important. Novel tailings disposal techniques are being researched to lower water consumption

All things considered, employment prospects in the mineral processing sector are expanding quickly, especially for those with solid fundamental knowledge combined with emerging area expertise.

Highly sought for are skills in data science, digital technologies, hydrometallurgy, and sustainable processing methods. The requirement for cutting-edge methods and sophisticated skill sets will keep driving demand for trained personnel as the industry develops, guaranteeing that the mineral processing industry will always be a vibrant and essential component of the world economy.

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SKILLINGS MINING

INDUSTRY DIALOGUE Al Workman

S K I L L I N G S R O U N D TA B L E Q & A D I S C U S S I O N

MINERAL EXPLORATION PROFESSIONAL, WATTS, GRIFFIS AND MCOUAT LTD. (WGM), TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA Al Workman, a Mineral Exploration Professional with Watts, Griffis and McOuat Ltd. (WGM) in Toronto, Canada, has an illustrious career that has seen him work extensively across Canada, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iran, Indonesia, and China, among other countries. He specializes in mesothermal and epithermal gold deposits, non-sulphide zinc deposits, uranium deposits, and rare earth deposits.

Jining Zhong, P.Eng MINING ENGINEER AT TANTALUM MINING CORP. OF CDA LTD Jining Zhong, a Mining Engineer at Tantalum Mining Corp. of Canada Ltd., brings over 20 years of handson experience in hard rock and coal mining. His career has taken him from China to Canada, where he has overseen numerous mining projects and developed expertise in various mining software and engineering technologies.

Insights from the Field

In our recent discussion, we engaged with two seasoned Mineral Exploration Professionals Al Workman and Jining Zhong, who shared their career experiences and insights based on a comprehensive questionnaire.

In this exclusive interview, we speak with two seasoned professionals in the mining and mineral exploration industry, Al Workman and Jining Zhong. Their combined experiences span continents and decades, providing a rich tapestry of insights into the industry's past, present, and future. Their responses provide valuable perspectives on leadership, career advancement, and industry challenges, particularly relevant in today's evolving business landscape.

In our latest industry dialogue.

Leadership Skills

Education's Impact

Al Workman: "Leadership skills have been moderately important in my career. While technical expertise is crucial, the ability to lead and manage teams effectively cannot be understated."

Al Workman: "My formal education narrowed my focus, allowing me to specialize in specific areas of mineral exploration."

Jining Zhong: "Leadership is certainly good to have. However, it's essential to keep learning and adapting to new challenges and technologies."

36

Interview with Industry Leaders

Skillings.net | June 2024

Jining Zhong: "Education is fundamental, but continuous learning and adapting to new situations is just as important."

Importance of Commitment Both Al and Jining agree: Engendering

commitment is absolutely vital for a successful manager. Building a committed team leads to better project outcomes and a more cohesive work environment.

Company Culture Both professionals agree: It is important for new employees to fit into the company culture to ensure harmony and productivity within teams.

Evolution of Job Goals Al Workman: "Job goals are about the same now as when I first started. The fundamentals of the industry haven't changed much."

Jining Zhong: "The job goals are clear and defined. There's a more structured approach to career progression now."

Promotion and Career Advancement Al Workman: "There wasn't a clear promotion plan for my career. I've had to carve my own path."

Jining Zhong: "There wasn't a strict promotion plan, but being proactive and seeking opportunities has been key."

Technical vs. Managerial Skills Al Workman: "Both technical and managerial skills are required, but technical skills are more important in my view."

Jining Zhong: "Having both skills is better. A balanced approach leads to better management."

Work-Life Balance Al Workman: "For me, maintaining a life/work balance is very important, especially as I'm on the cusp of retiring."

Jining Zhong: "It's crucial to have a balance between life and work. This balance depends on the individual and their stage in life."

Challenges and Advice Al Workman: "My biggest challenge is finding replacement staff. My advice to young professionals is to seek opportunities wherever they occur and embrace the challenges of fieldwork."

Jining Zhong: "Improving the industry's image involves engaging the public and explaining the importance of mining. Providing better commuting options for employees could also make a significant difference."

Improving Industry Image Both Al and Jining emphasize: Engaging the public and providing better understanding of the mining industry's role is essential. Practical steps, like improving commuting options for employees, can also enhance the industry's attractiveness.

Final Thoughts Al Workman: "In my view, too many young geologists lack basic field experience. The industry needs to encourage more hands-on training and fieldwork."

Jining Zhong: "To improve our industry, we need to provide continuous learning opportunities and create an environment where employees can balance work with personal life."

Through their careers, Al Workman and Jining Zhong have witnessed significant changes and challenges in the mining industry. Their insights offer valuable guidance for young professionals and highlight the importance of commitment, continuous learning, and balancing technical and managerial skills.

37

KEFI Launches Tulu Kapi Gold Project in Ethiopia, Creating 1,000 Direct Jobs Gold and copper exploration company KEFI has officially launched the Tulu Kapi Gold project in western Ethiopia. The project, spearheaded by Tulu Kapi Gold Mines (TKGM), aims to create around 1,000 direct jobs and foster economic development in the region.

Project Launch and Leadership The launch of the Tulu Kapi Gold project was announced by the TKGM Board, comprising representatives from KEFI, the Ethiopian Federal Government, and the Oromia Regional Government. This significant milestone follows the establishment of dedicated site policing and conditional confirmations from the project’s finance syndicate.

Financial Structure and Timeline The project’s financing structure involves multiple phases.

From October 2024 to mid-2025, the focus will be on executing definitive detailed documentation and drawing down equity-risk capital. Following this phase, the project will secure debt capital to ensure its financial sustainability.

Economic and Social Impact The Tulu Kapi Gold project is expected to significantly boost the local economy by creating approximately 1,000 direct jobs. This influx of employment opportunities is anticipated to improve the livelihoods of many residents and stimulate local businesses.

Furthermore, the project’s focus on community resettlement and social development demonstrates a commitment to ethical and sustainable practices. By consulting with local communities and ensur-

38

Skillings.net | June 2024

Early Works and Preparations KEFI has detailed a comprehensive plan of early works for the project, scheduled to continue until September 2024. Key activities include:

Community Resettlement Preparations: Ensuring that the local communities are appropriately resettled in a manner that minimizes disruption and maximizes benefits.

Procurement Engineering: Securing the necessary materials and services to support the project’s infrastructure and operational needs.

Social Development Consultations: Engaging with local communities to address social impacts and foster positive relationships.

Recruitment: Hiring skilled personnel to support the various phases of the project.

These activities will be independently monitored to ensure adherence to the schedule and implementation of necessary safety protection systems.

ing safety and protection systems, KEFI aims to foster a collaborative environment that benefits both the company and the residents.

Container Rotation Systems Unveils Advanced Lid Removal System Container Rotation Systems (CRS), a leader in containerized bulk handling solutions based in Sydney, Australia, has announced the latest innovation in its product portfolio: an electronically managed lid removal and replacement system.

T

his cutting-edge system, designed to enhance efficiency and safety in bulk handling operations, is a significant addition to CRS’s suite of container management solutions.

Innovative Solution for Safe and Efficient Bulk Handling

Monitoring and Safety Measures Independent monitoring of the project’s early works is a crucial aspect of KEFI’s approach. This oversight ensures that all activities progress on schedule and adhere to stringent safety standards.

By prioritizing safety and transparency, KEFI aims to mitigate risks and build trust with stakeholders.

The launch of the Tulu Kapi Gold project marks a significant step forward for KEFI and the local communities in western Ethiopia. With a structured plan for early works, a robust financial strategy, and a commitment to social development, the project promises to bring substantial economic benefits and foster sustainable growth. As KEFI moves forward with this ambitious venture, the focus on safety, community engagement, and transparent operations will be key to its success and long-term impact on the region.

The new lid removal and replacement system is a standalone unit intended for installation at processing plants where containers must be loaded in a fully contained and environmentally safe manner. The system simplifies the handling process by automating the removal and replacement of container lids, ensuring that operations are both efficient and compliant with environmental regulations.

Containers are placed in the lid lifting station where the lids are carefully removed. The system then allows for the container to be filled and weighed to achieve the desired gross weight. Once the filling process is complete, the lid is securely replaced, and the container is moved to a marshalling area or directly to transport logistics for shipment.

State-of-the-Art Manufacturing and Design “This static unit is a modulated system completely manufactured in our state-ofthe-art facility in western Sydney,” a CRS spokesperson told. “It is a pre-tested plug and play design, just fit it to the mount pads, power up, and away you go.”

The system’s design emphasizes ease of installation and use. The plug and play feature ensures that the unit can be quickly operational with minimal setup time, reducing downtime and increasing productivity.

Advanced Data Logging and Remote Monitoring CRS has incorporated advanced data logging capabilities into the system to support its products and customers. The CRS rotainer remote monitoring software provides continuous, 24/7 backup support services, ensuring that customers can rely on consistent performance and immediate assistance if needed. This remote monitoring feature allows for proactive maintenance and troubleshooting, minimizing disruptions and maintaining optimal operational efficiency.

39

LITHIUM PROJECT IN JAMES BAY, QUEBEC

Loyal Lithium Raises A$3.3 Million to Advance Trieste Project This strategic move underscores the growing interest and confidence in Loyal Lithium’s initiatives, particularly its ambitious plans for the Trieste Lithium Project in James Bay, Quebec.

L

oyal Lithium (ASX: LLI) has successfully raised A$3.3 million (US$2.1 million) through a share placement, marking a significant step forward for the company. This strategic move underscores the growing interest and confidence in Loyal Lithium’s initiatives, particularly its ambitious plans for the Trieste Lithium Project in James Bay, Quebec.

The funds will be pivotal in accelerating the project’s development, setting the stage for an extensive geophysical survey, a comprehensive summer field program, and a targeted drilling campaign.

Details of the Share Placement The share placement involved the issuance of 7,345,744 new shares, priced at A$0.45 each. This pricing reflects a substantial 73% premium over Loyal Lithium’s 15-day volume-weighted average price (VWAP) of A$0.26.

The placement was conducted under the “flow-through shares” scheme, a provision of Canadian tax law designed to attract investment in resource exploration. Canaccord Genuity acted as the sole lead manager for this placement.

Loyal Lithium acknowledged the robust market support for the placement, with priority given to major existing shareholders in Australia and Canada. This strong backing from shareholders highlights the confidence in Loyal Lithium’s vision and the potential of its projects.

40

Advancing the Trieste Lithium Project The capital infusion will facilitate several key initiatives aimed at advancing the Trieste Lithium Project. An innovative geophysical survey is planned to gain deeper insights into the subsurface structures and identify potential lithium-bearing zones. This will be followed by an extensive summer field program designed to further explore and validate the project’s lithium potential.

Moreover, a targeted drilling campaign will be conducted to precisely locate and quantify the lithium resources. This comprehensive approach is intended to accelerate the project’s development, positioning Loyal Lithium as a significant player in the lithium mining sector.

Focus on the Trieste Lithium Project

Strategic Importance of the Trieste Lithium Project

The funds raised are specifically earmarked for the Trieste Lithium Project, located along the resource-rich Trieste Greenstone Belt in James Bay, Quebec. This region is renowned for its spodumene-bearing lithium ventures, making it a strategic location for lithium exploration and development.

The Trieste Lithium Project is strategically located in proximity to several spodumene-bearing lithium ventures. This positions Loyal Lithium advantageously within a high-potential region for lithium exploration. The project’s development aligns with the increasing global demand for lithium, driven by the

Skillings.net | June 2024

growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy storage solutions.

Loyal Lithium’s Commitment to Sustainable Mining In addition to advancing its lithium projects, Loyal Lithium is committed to sustainable mining practices. The company is exploring innovative techniques to minimize its environmental footprint while maximizing resource recovery. This includes the potential use of mining volcanic brine, an emerging method that could offer cleaner and more efficient lithium extraction.

Mining Volcanic Brine: A Sustainable Approach Mining volcanic brine involves extracting lithium from geothermal brines found in volcanic regions. This method has several advantages over traditional hard rock mining and evaporation pond techniques. It requires less land, has a smaller environmental footprint, and can produce lithium more rapidly. As Loyal Lithium explores the Trieste Lithium

Project, incorporating sustainable practices like mining volcanic brine could enhance its environmental stewardship and operational efficiency.

Market Outlook and Future Prospects The successful share placement and the strategic focus on the Trieste Lithium Project position Loyal Lithium for significant growth. As the demand for lithium continues to rise, driven by the global transition to renewable energy and electric mobility, Loyal Lithium is well-placed to capitalize on this trend. The company’s proactive approach to exploration and development, coupled with its commitment to sustainability, sets it apart in the competitive lithium mining landscape.

Loyal Lithium’s recent capital raise marks a pivotal moment for the company, enabling it to advance the Trieste Lithium Project and strengthen its position in the lithium mining sector. With robust market support and a clear strategic focus, Loyal Lithium is poised for significant advancements in the coming years.

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41

ANGOLA’S NATURAL GAS DRIVE

A Game-Changer for Africa’s Energy Sector In a significant leap forward, Angola is transforming its natural gas industry, setting the stage for substantial growth and development in Africa’s energy sector.

I

n a significant leap forward, Angola is transforming its natural gas industry, setting the stage for substantial growth and development in Africa’s energy sector. Driven by new explorations, strategic partnerships, and robust investments, Angola is not only enhancing its energy infrastructure but also positioning itself as a key player in the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) market.

This momentum is a testament to the country’s commitment to harnessing its natural resources to foster economic development and reduce energy poverty.

Major Developments in Angola’s Natural Gas Fields One of the most noteworthy developments in Angola’s natural gas industry is the progress at the Quiluma and Maboqueiro gas fields in the Lower Congo Basin. In August 2022, Saipem, an Italian multinational oilfield services company, was awarded three engineering, procurement, and construction contracts worth a combined US$900 million for both onshore and offshore work.

These contracts are part of a broader initiative led by the New Gas Consortium (NGC), a coalition that includes major industry players such as ENI, TotalEnergies, bp, Cabinda Gulf Oil Company, and Angola’s own Sonangol. The NGC expects production to begin in 2026, with an estimated output of four billion cubic meters (bcm) of LNG per year.

A Welcoming Environment for Investment Angola’s burgeoning success in the natural gas sector is underpinned by a favorable investment climate fostered by its leadership. Despite its status as sub-Saharan Africa’s second-largest oil producer, Angola is pushing to increase its output beyond the current 1.1 million barrels per day of crude oil. This drive is evident in ExxonMobil’s deepwater discov-

42

Skillings.net | June 2024

ery at the Kizomba B area in Block 15, where partners Azule Energy, Equinor, and Sonangol are making significant investments.

President João Lourenço’s administration has been pivotal in creating a conducive environment for these developments.

Since taking office in 2017, Lourenço has focused on strengthening Angola’s oil and gas sector, promoting transparency, and attracting foreign investment. His reappointment of Diamantino Pedro Azevedo as Minister of Mineral Resources, Petroleum, and Gas is a clear indication of his commitment to sustaining momentum in the sector.

Strategic International Partnerships International cooperation has been a cornerstone of Angola’s strategy. In 2023, a meeting between President Lourenço and U.S. President Joe Biden resulted in the declaration of Angola as a strategic partner and the announcement of significant U.S. investments in photovoltaic power systems for southern Angola. This partnership exemplifies Lourenço’s vision of fostering international relationships to secure future business opportunities and enhance energy infrastructure.

PRESIDENT JOÃO LOURENÇO’S ADMINISTRATION HAS been pivotal in creating a conducive environment for these developments. Since taking office in 2017, Lourenço has focused on strengthening Angola’s oil and gas sector, promoting transparency, and attracting foreign investment.

Furthermore, the 750 MW Soyo II combined-cycle power plant, set to be operational next year, will boost electricity access across the country by nearly 20% through gas-to-power generation.

The Falcão Natural Gas Project is another significant initiative, aimed at producing fertilizer locally, reducing reliance on imports, and lowering agricultural costs.

Path to a Sustainable Future Angola’s comprehensive energy strategy includes preparations for a low-carbon economy. President Lourenço’s master plan involves expanding refining and storage facilities, developing photovoltaic power plants, and producing green hydrogen.

These initiatives are designed to ensure a sustainable energy transition while maintaining economic growth.

Angola’s dynamic natural gas drive is reshaping the continent’s energy landscape.

The strategic initiatives and investments in the sector not only promise to boost the local economy and create job opportunities but also provide a pathway towards energy independence and sustainability.

The African Energy Chamber celebrates these achievements, encouraging other African nations to follow Angola’s trailblazing path towards a prosperous and energy-secure future.

Expanding Infrastructure and Reducing Emissions Angola’s ambition extends beyond production. The Angola LNG Project, a joint venture led by Chevron and Sonangol, processes 1.1 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day, significantly reducing gas flaring and greenhouse gas emissions. In Cabinda, Sonangol is modernizing its facilities to triple the capacity of gas filling, increasing regional gas availability by 28%.

43

Botswana President Vows to Protect Country’s Interests Amid Potential BHP-Anglo Deal In response to recent discussions of a potential acquisition deal between mining giants BHP Group and Anglo American, Botswana’s President Mokgweetsi Masisi has pledged to safeguard the country’s interests, particularly its 15% stake in diamond giant De Beers.

President Masisi Asserts Botswana’s Position Regarding De Beers Stake in Wake of Acquisition Talks In response to recent discussions of a potential acquisition deal between mining giants BHP Group and Anglo American, Botswana’s President Mokgweetsi Masisi has pledged to safeguard the country’s interests, particularly its 15% stake in diamond giant De Beers. Masisi’s remarks come amidst speculation surrounding BHP’s proposal to acquire Anglo American, which owns the majority share of De Beers.

A Proposed Acquisition Raises Concerns The proposed acquisition, valued at approximately $39 billion, has raised concerns in Botswana regarding the future of De Beers, a key player in the global diamond industry. Under BHP’s plan, De Beers would undergo a strategic review, potentially leading to significant changes in its operations. While Anglo American has rejected BHP’s proposal, the prospect of a deal has prompted President Masisi to assert Botswana’s stance on protecting its interests in the diamond sector.

Botswana’s Stance on the Acquisition President Masisi emphasized that Botswana has not received formal communication from either BHP or Anglo American regarding the proposed acquisition. However, he asserted that Botswana would take measures to ensure the protection of its interests, signaling the country’s willingness to respond decisively to any developments that could impact its diamond industry.

Potential Challenges for BHP BHP’s ambitious acquisition plan faces a series of challenges, including scrutiny from antitrust authorities in multiple countries. The proposed deal, which would create the world’s

44

Skillings.net | June 2024

largest copper producer, has already drawn criticism from some members of South Africa’s government. Additionally, concerns raised by Botswana further underscore the complexity of the acquisition process for BHP.

Impact on the Diamond Industry The diamond industry is gradually recovering from challenges experienced in recent years, including a slump in prices and disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. De Beers, a major player in the industry, plays a significant role in Botswana’s economy, with the country deriving substantial revenue from diamond mining activities. President Masisi highlighted the importance of recognizing Botswana’s contribution to the value of De Beers and emphasized the need to protect the country’s interests in any potential deal.

Botswana’s Economic Significance in the Diamond Sector As the world’s largest producer of rough diamonds by value, Botswana’s diamond industry holds immense economic importance for the country. Revenues from diamond mining activities form a significant portion of Botswana’s budget receipts, contributing to its economic stability and development.

Anglo American estimates that its economic contribution to Botswana amounted to $1.16 billion last year, highlighting the substantial impact of the mining sector on the country’s economy.

President Masisi’s commitment to protecting Botswana’s interests in the diamond industry reflects the government’s dedication to safeguarding the country’s economic prosperity.

As discussions surrounding the potential acquisition of Anglo American unfold, Botswana’s stance underscores the importance of considering the implications for key stakeholders, including diamond-producing nations like Botswana.

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45

SKILLINGS MINING REVIEW STASTISTICS

W

APRIL 2024 CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION orld crude steel production for the 71 countries reporting to the World Steel Association (worldsteel) was 155.7 million tonnes (Mt) in April 2024, a 5.0% decrease compared to April 2023.

Crude steel production by region Africa produced 1.3 Mt in September Africa produced 1.8 Mt in April 2024, up 1.4% on April 2023. Asia and Oceania produced 114.8 Mt, down 5.8%. The EU (27) produced 11.3 Mt, up 1.1%. Europe, Other produced 3.4 Mt, down 2.6%. The Middle East produced 4.6 Mt, down 8.2%.

North America produced 8.9 Mt, down 5.2%. Russia & other CIS + Ukraine produced 7.4 Mt, down 3.5%. South America produced 3.4 Mt, down 3.9%.

The 71 countries included in this table accounted for approximately 98% of total world crude steel production in 2023.

Regions and countries covered by the table: Africa, Asia and Oceania, European

Union (27), Europe, Middle East, North America, Russia & other CIS + Ukraine, South America.

Top 10 steel-producing countries China produced 85.9 Mt in April 2024, down 7.2% on April 2023. India produced 12.1 Mt, up 3.6%. Japan produced 7.1 Mt,

Table 1. Crude steel production by region

down 2.5%. The United States produced 6.7 Mt, down 2.8%. Russia is estimated to have produced 6.2 Mt, down 5.7%. South Korea produced 5.1 Mt, down 10.4%. Germany is estimated to have produced 3.4 Mt, up 6.4%. Türkiye produced 2.8 Mt, up 4.5%. Brazil is estimated to have produced 2.7 Mt, down 2.1%. Iran is estimated to have produced 2.7 Mt, down 12.3%.

Table 2. Top 10 steel-producing countries

change april % change jan-apr % jan-apr 2024(mt) apr 24/23 2024 (mt) 24/23

apr 2024 (mt)

% change apr24/23

jan-apr 24 (mt)

% change jan-apr 24/23

1.8

1.4

7.4

6.6

China

85.9

-7.2

343.7

-3.0

Asia and Oceania

114.8

-5.8

461.8

-1.6

India

12.1

3.6

49.5

8.5

EU (27)

11.3

1.1

44.4

-0.6

Japan

7.1

-2.5

28.5

-1.2

Europe, Other

3.4

-2.6

14.7

13.9

United States

6.7

-2.8

26.5

-2.2

Russia

6.2

-5.7

24.6

-2.5

Africa

Middle East

4.6

-8.2

18.3

6.2

North America

8.9

-5.2

35.8

-3.7

Russia & CIS + Ukraine

7.4

-3.5

29.0

-0.6

South America

3.4

-3.9

14.0

1.2

Total 71 countries

155.7

-5.0

625.4

-0.9

South Korea

5.1

Germany

3.4

Türkiye

2.8

e

-10.4

21.2

-5.1

e

6.4

13.1

6.1

4.5

12.3

22.1

Brazil

2.7

e

-2.1

11.0

4.0

Iran

2.7

e

-12.3

10.3

7.2

The 71 countries included in this table accounted for approximately 98% of total world crude steel production in 2022. Regions and countries covered by the table:Africa: Egypt, Libya, South Africa, Tunisia Asia and Oceania: Australia, China, India, Japan, Mongolia, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Korea, Taiwan (China), Thailand, Viet Nam,European Union (27),Europe, Other: Macedonia, Norway, Serbia, Türkiye, United Kingdom,Middle East: Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates,North America: Canada, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, United States,Russia & other CIS + Ukraine: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine,South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

46

Skillings.net | June 2024

2022 GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION TOTALS TOTAL WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION WAS 1,878.5 MT IN 2022, A 4.2% DECREASE COMPARED TO 2021.

Source – World Steel Association Rank Country

2022

2021

% 2022/ 2021

Rank Country

2022

2021

% 2022/ 2021

1

China

1 013.0

1 034.7

-2.1

22

Poland (e)

7.7

8.5

-8.6

2

India

124.7

118.2

5.5

23

Austria

7.5

7.9

-4.7

3

Japan

89.2

96.3

-7.4

24

Belgium (e)

6.9

6.9

0.4

4

United States

80.7

85.8

-5.9

25

Ukraine

6.3

21.4

-70.7

5

Russia (e)

71.5

77.0

-7.2

26

Netherlands

6.1

6.6

-7.2

6

South Korea

65.9

70.4

-6.5

27

United Kingdom

6.1

7.2

-15.6

7

Germany

36.8

40.2

-8.4

28

Pakistan (e)

6.0

5.4

10.9

8

Turkey

35.1

40.4

-12.9

29

Australia

5.7

5.8

-1.9

9

Brazil

34.0

36.1

-5.8

30

Thailand

5.3

5.5

-2.9

10

Iran

30.6

28.3

8.0

31

Bangladesh (e)

5.2

5.5

-5.5

11

Italy

21.6

24.4

-11.6

32

Argentina

5.1

4.9

4.5

12

Taiwan, China (e)

20.6

23.2

-11.2

33

Sweden

4.4

4.7

-5.9

13

Viet Nam (e)

20.0

23.0

-13.1

34

South Africa

4.4

5.0

-12.3

14

Mexico

18.2

18.5

-1.6

35

Czechia

4.3

4.8

-11.0

15

Indonesia (e)

15.6

14.8

5.2

36

Kazakhstan

4.1

4.5

-8.0

16

France

12.1

13.9

-13.1

37

Slovakia

3.9

4.9

-20.4

17

Canada (e)

12.0

13.0

-7.8

38

Finland

3.5

4.3

-18.5

18

Spain

11.5

14.2

-19.2

39

Algeria (e)

3.5

3.5

0.2

19

Malaysia (e)

10.0

9.1

10.0

40

United Arab Emirates

3.2

3.0

7.1

20

Egypt

9.8

10.3

-4.6

Others

37.2

39.5

-5.7

21

Saudi Arabia

9.1

8.7

3.9

World

1 878.5

1 960.4

- 4.2

e – annual figure estimated using partial data or non-worldsteel resources. * The world total production figure in this table includes estimates of other countries that only report annually.

worldsteel Short Range Outlook October 2023

T

he World Steel Association (worldsteel) today released an update of the Short Range Outlook (SRO) for 2023 and 2024. worldsteel forecasts that steel demand will grow by 1.8% in 2023 and reach 1,814.5 Mt after contracting by 3.3% in 2022. In 2024, steel demand will see a further increase of 1.9% to 1,849.1 Mt. Commenting on the outlook, Mr. Máximo

Vedoya, Chairman of the worldsteel Economics Committee, said, “steel demand has been feeling the impact of the high inflation and interest rate environment. Since the second half of 2022, the activities of steel using sectors have been cooling sharply both for most sectors and regions as both investment and consumption weakened. The situation continued into 2023, particularly

affecting the EU and the US. Considering the delayed effect of the tightening monetary policy, we expect steel demand recovery in 2024 to be slow in the advanced economies. Emerging economies are expected to grow faster than developed economies, but the performance of emerging economies continues to diverge, with emerging Asia maintaining resilience.

47

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