Skillings Mining Review June 2023

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Volume: 112. Issue.6. June 2023

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Revolutionizing the Iron Ore Mining Industry

Navigating Biden's Latest Climate Minefield

Technological Innovations, Sustainability Initiatives, and Community Engagement Shape the Future

An Examination of EV Mineral Deals In a move that underscores the administration's commitment to clean energy, President Biden's latest climate policy decision focuses on securing electric vehicle (EV) minerals.

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Rio Tinto Makes a Surprise Acquisition of Scandium Aiming to Revolutionize the High-Tech Industry

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Exploring the US Domestic Supply Chain

Volume: 112. Issue.6. June 2023 Revolutionizing the Iron Ore Mining Industry Technological Innovations, Sustainability Initiatives, and Community Engagement Shape the Future

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Key Factors and Trends in the Mineral Mining Industry

INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS The Trusted Adviser:

Empowering Mine Personnel with Expert Guidance Interview with Michael Meidow

VP Technical Support, CR Powered by Epiroc.

United States

24 16

China’s Equity Markets Open Up to International Investors in the Mining Industry

Navigating Biden's Latest Climate Minefield

China has declared the internationalization of its equity markets in an effort to increase foreign investment in its mining sector.

An Examination of EV Mineral Deals In a move that underscores the administration's commitment to clean energy, President Biden's latest climate policy decision focuses on securing electric vehicle (EV) minerals.

07 Metso Secures Order to Supply Mill Lining Solutions to Mines in SE Asia

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of Scandium, Aiming to Revolutionize the High-Tech Industry

Trendsand Market Updates You Need to Know

23 Global Supply Length High Food Inflation Hurts European Polymer Demand, Squeezes Margins

40 NewRange Copper Nickel: A Rebranded Commitment to Sustainable Mining in Minnesota

14 Coal Mining and Transportation: Processes, Techniques, and Environmental Impact

28 Behind the Mining Productivity Upswing Technology-Enabled Transformation

42 Exploring the US Domestic Supply Chain Key Factors and Trends in the Mineral Mining Industry

20 Rio Tinto Makes a Surprise Acquisition

35 2023 Metal Prices Guide: Exciting

44 Africa’s Mineral Wealt Draws Global Attention and Investment

12 The Versatility of Cobalt Facts,

Characteristics, and Applications in the Mining Industry

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Metso Secures Order to Supply Mill Lining Solutions to Mines in SE Asia A large order has been placed with Metso, a pioneer in industrial equipment and services, to provide mill lining solutions to a copper and gold mine in Southeast Asia. As part of the multi-million-dollar deal, Metso will offer cutting-edge mill liner solutions to guarantee optimum grinding efficiency and minimize downtime.

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he long-running Southeast Asian mine generates copper and gold concentrates, which are crucial elements in numerous industrial processes.

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The Versatility of

COBALT Cobalt is a highly adaptable and necessary element that finds use across a variety of industries, including the mining sector. It is a tough, fragile, silver-gray metal with special magnetic characteristics that is a crucial part of numerous industrial operations.

Uses in the Mining Industry

How is it extracted from the earth?

In the mining sector, it is used for a variety of purposes, including:

The production of alloys, batteries, and electronics are a few of the industrial uses for this precious and adaptable element. Most of the cobalt reserves in the world are found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and mining is the main method used to remove them from the soil.

1. Manufacturing of alloys It is frequently used to create alloys, which are substances created by fusing two or more metallic elements. The strong strength, resistance to abrasion and corrosion, and high-temperature resistance of cobalt alloys are well known.

2. Battery Manufacturing Lithium-ion batteries, which are used in many electronic products such as smartphones, laptops, and electric cars, contain cobalt as a crucial component.

3. Superalloys Superalloys are high-performance alloys used in gas turbines and jet engines, as well as other harsh environments.

4. Concrete carbides Cemented carbides are composite materials composed of a metal matrix and a carbide material. It is an essential component of cemented carbides because it provides the material with strength and durability. Commonly used in mining drill blades, cemented carbides are resistant to high temperatures and drilling pressures.

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cobalt The transition metal cobalt has an atomic mass of 58.93 and an atomic number of 27. It is mostly discovered in mineral deposits in the Russian Federation, Canada, Australia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is employed in a wide range of industrial processes, such as the creation of superalloys, alloys, and batteries.

The melting and boiling points of the hard, lustrous metal cobalt are 1,495 °C and 2,900 °C, respectively. It is reasonably hefty because of its 8.9 g/cm3 density. Because cobalt is a ferromagnetic metal, it is drawn to magnets. Due to this special quality, it is a crucial part of numerous industrial processes, such as the manufacturing of magnetic alloys and hard metals.

1. Exploration Exploration, which entails finding locations with high cobalt concentrations, is the initial step in the extraction. Geologists utilize a variety of methods, including drilling, remote sensing, and geological mapping, to find possible resources.

2. Mining Mining comes next when a cobalt deposit is discovered. Usually, it is mined as a by-product of other metals like nickel and copper. Underground mining, which requires boring tunnels into the ground to obtain the cobalt ore, is the most popular mining technique used to extract the metal.

3. Processing After being taken from the soil, the ore is processed to yield cobalt. The ore is

IT IS A VERSATILE AND INDISPENSABLE element with numerous applications in the mining industry. It is an essential component in many industrial processes, including the production of alloys, batteries, superalloys, and cemented carbides, due to its unique properties, such as its magnetic properties. crushed into tiny pieces and then ground into a powder in the first phase of processing. To dissolve it from the ore, this powder is then combined with water and other chemicals, such as sulfuric acid.

4. Separation After being dissolved, it is separated from the other metals in the ore using a variety of methods. Solvent extraction is a popular method that involves separating it from other metals using a chemical solvent. It is then recovered when the solvent has evaporated. Ion exchange is a different method that entails passing the dissolved cobalt through a resin that binds to the cobalt ions only, separating them from the other metals.

5. Refining It is separated and then refined one more time to make it purer.

Depending on its intended purpose, refined cobalt is often found as a metal or a powder. After that, the finished item is prepared for usage in a variety of industrial applications.

The difficult process of obtaining cobalt from the earth comprises exploration, mining, processing, separation, and refining.

New extraction and refining methods are being developed in response to the rising demand for cobalt to maintain a constant supply of this priceless metal.

What are the most common characteristics of cobalt?

It is a special metal with several properties that make it valuable in a variety of industrial applications. We’ll go over some of the cobalt’s most salient traits in this piece.

Durability and strength Its endurance and hardness are two of its most notable qualities. Cobalt is a strong, durable metal that resists rust and wear.

Superior Melting Point It is a great material for use in high-temperature applications because of its high melting point of 1,495 degrees Celsius (2,723 degrees Fahrenheit).

In gas turbines, jet engines, and nuclear reactors where it can tolerate high temperatures without melting or deforming, cobalt is frequently employed.

Magnetic Consistencies Because cobalt is a ferromagnetic metal, it can be magnetized. It can be used to create permanent magnets and demonstrates high magnetic characteristics at room temperature.

Corrosion protection Due to its exceptional corrosion resistance, it is a fantastic material to use in applications that frequently come into contact with moisture and other corrosive elements. Due to their resistance to corrosion and wear, cobalt-based alloys are frequently used in the production of surgical implants.

Color It is easily recognized thanks to its distinctive blue-gray color. The cobalt oxide that is present on the metal’s surface is what gives it this color.

Glass, ceramics, and paint are frequently made with cobalt as a pigment.It is a flexible metal with a variety of properties that make it valuable in numerous industrial applications. Cobalt-60, one of its radioactive isotopes, has significant uses in both industry and medicine.

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Coal Mining and Transportation

Processes, Techniques, and Environmental Impact For centuries, coal has been an indispensable resource for energy generation, industrial production, and electricity generation. However, extracting and transporting coal to power plants and other locations presents a number of environmental challenges and impacts.

C

oal mining entails the extraction of coal from the surface or subsurface of the earth. Surface mining and underground mining are the two most common methods of coal extraction. Coal is extracted from subterranean mines through the practice of underground mining. This technique is used when the coal seam is far below the surface of the earth or when the rock that lies on top is too dense to be extracted by surface mining. Longwall mining, room-and-pillar mining, and retreat mining are all underground mining techniques.

transport, barge transport, truck transportation, Conveyor Belt Transport, and Pipeline transport are different methods of coal transportation.

Transportation of coal:

Advantages of transporting coal with barges:

After coal has been extracted, it must be transported to power plants and other locations. The most typical means of transporting coal are by rail, barge, or vehicle.

Barge transportation is a cost-effective method of transporting tons of coal, particularly over vast distances. It is less expensive than rail or truck transport because vast quantities of coal can be transported in a single trip.Large carrying capacity: These vessels can transport up to 1,500 metric tons of coal in a single journey due to their large carrying capacity. Shipping vessels can navigate rivers and canals, allowing them to reach areas inaccessible by rail or road. Using a riverboat leaves a smaller carbon footprint than vehicle or rail transport.

Environmental Impact: Significant environmental effects from coal mining and transportation include air pollution, water pollution, and land degradation.The transportation of coal can also have environmental consequences. Transportation vehicle emissions can contribute to air pollution, which can negatively impact human health and the environment.

In addition to causing water contamination and harming aquatic ecosystems, the transportation of coal by barge can also pollute the water and degrade aquatic habitats. We can reduce the negative effects of coal mining and transportation on the environment and public health by instituting more efficient and eco-friendly practices.

Methods of Transporting Coal: Overview and Comparison of Different Modes Transporting coal from mines to power facilities and other destinations is an essential aspect of the coal industry. Rail

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Pros and Cons of Using Barges for Coal Transportation One of the most common methods of transporting coal from mines to ports or power facilities is by barge. It has several advantages and some disadvantages.

The disadvantages of transporting coal by barge are: In locations accessible by waterways, only barges can transport coal. This can be a disadvantage in regions where there are no ports or power plants close to rivers or canals.Climate factors like floods and droughts can have an impact on water levels, which can hinder barge transportation. Infrastructure constraints: barge transportation requires well-established waterway infrastructure, such as ports, piers, and locks.

Environmental hazards: It can pose environmental risks, particularly if a coal-carrying barge leaks or spills. Coal can contaminate water sources, harm aquatic ecosystems, and negatively impact public health.

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Navigating Biden's Latest Climate Minefield An Examination of EV Mineral Deals In a move that underscores the administration's commitment to clean energy, President Biden's latest climate policy decision focuses on securing electric vehicle (EV) minerals.

This new agenda, however, presents a veritable minefield of environmental, geopolitical, and ethical considerations.

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resident Joe Biden’s plan to use mineral trade agreements to boost electric vehicles (EVs) on U.S. roads is facing pushback from Republicans and environmentalists. The plan aims to prioritize domestic mineral production and ensure that producers in the United States reap the benefits of a coveted EV tax credit, known as 30D. The credit was included in last year’s Inflation Reduction Act. However, critics argue that the strategy imperils U.S. jobs and represents a potentially illegal end-run around Congress.

President Joe Biden points to a wind turbine size comparison chart during a meeting in 2022. Biden, as pledged, vetoed congressional efforts to limit using environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations in the investments that 401(k)s and other retirement plans make. GETTY IMAGES

Minerals such as lithium and cobalt are essential for today’s fleet of EVs. Experts agree that mineral production and refinement will likely form the backbone of the clean energy economy in the future and the millions of jobs that come with it. Minerals are also necessary for a range of consumer electronics as well as precision-guided missiles and other weapons.

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President Joe Biden's ambitious plan to boost electric vehicles (EVs) in the United States through mineral trade agreements is facing opposition from Republicans and environmentalists. While the plan aims to prioritize domestic mineral production and secure reliable access to EV minerals, it also raises concerns about environmental impact, ethical considerations, and geopolitical implications.

This article delves into the challenges associated with implementing global regulations for EV mineral production and trade, explores the potential consequences of pushback from various stakeholders, and examines the multifaceted approach taken by the Biden administration in navigating the complex landscape of EV mineral deals.

The Challenge of Global Regulations Implementing global regulations for EV mineral production and trade encounters several challenges. One major obstacle is the concentration of mineral production in a few countries, which could lead to supply chain disruptions if geopolitical tensions or trade disputes arise. Many of the minerals essential for EVs, such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel, are predominantly sourced from countries like China, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Australia, and Chile. Dependence on these countries raises concerns about potential interruptions in the supply of critical minerals.

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the EV tax credit. Moreover, permitting delays may limit the domestic supply of minerals, keeping EV prices high.

However, the Biden administration has already allocated significant funding to miners developing new U.S. sources of EV minerals and has proposed legislation to spur domestic mining. The administration's goal is to establish a balance between supporting domestic industries and securing access to minerals through international agreements.

THE PUSHBACK FROM Republicans and environmentalists poses a potential hurdle for Biden's EV mineral deals. Critics argue that the strategy could jeopardize U.S. jobs and bypass Congress. They emphasize the need to prioritize domestic mineral production and ensure that American producers reap the benefits of the EV tax credit.

Moreover, permitting delays may limit the domestic supply of minerals, keeping EV prices high.

Pushback from Republicans and Environmentalists

Environmental and Ethical Considerations

The pushback from Republicans and environmentalists poses a potential hurdle for Biden's EV mineral deals. Critics argue that the strategy could jeopardize U.S. jobs and bypass Congress. They emphasize the need to prioritize domestic mineral production and ensure that American producers reap the benefits of

The production and sourcing of EV minerals have significant environmental and humanitarian implications. Mining operations in countries like the DRC have been associated with child labor, poor working conditions, and environmental damage. Lithium extraction methods in countries like Australia, Chile, and Ar-

Skillings.net | June 2023

gentina require large amounts of water and result in soil contamination and air pollution.To address these concerns, the Biden administration is investing in research and development for alternative extraction methods and recycling technologies. By promoting innovation in these areas, the administration aims to minimize the environmental impact of mining and reduce dependence on newly extracted minerals.

Geopolitical Implications The Biden administration's efforts to secure EV minerals also have geopolitical implications. Currently, China controls a significant portion of the world's mineral resources and processing. By diversifying the sources of these minerals and reducing dependence on China, the United States aims to enhance its competitiveness in the global EV market and safeguard its national security interests.

Navigating the complexities of EV mineral deals is a challenging task for the Biden administration. Balancing economic interests, environmental sustainability, human rights, and geopolitical considerations requires careful planning and collaboration.

While pushback from Republicans and environmentalists may impact the administration's plans, the commitment to transforming the American automotive industry and revitalizing the domestic mining sector remains strong.

As the narrative unfolds, it is crucial to monitor the developments and assess the effectiveness of global regulations, ethical sourcing, and technological advancements to ensure a sustainable and responsible transition to electric vehicles.

FloLevel Technologies

Aiming to Revolutionize the High-Tech Industry

Rio Tinto Makes a Surprise Acquisition of Scandium Rio Tinto, one of the world’s largest mining corporations, make a surprise acquisition of scandium, a rare earth element garnering popularity in the high-tech sector. This is part of Rio Tinto’s endeavours to diversify its portfolio and increase its presence in the lucrative High-Tech industry.

The company’s CEO, Jakob Stausholm, commented on the acquisition, stating, “We are thrilled to add scandium to our portfolio of metals.” “This is an important step forward for Rio Tinto, as it will enable us to diversify our operations further and increase our presence in the high-tech industry.”

S

candium is a highly desirable metal used in a variety of high-tech applications, such as aerospace, defence, and electronics. In addition, it is an essential component in the production of solid oxide fuel cells, which are used to generate renewable energy. Its acquisition of scandium, as one of the few producers of the metal, is a significant coup for the company. Scandium is typically found in very small quantities and is difficult to extract, which makes it an extremely valuable commodity.

The Brazilian mining company will gain a substantial advantage in the high-tech industry as a result of the acquisition, as it will be able to provide its customers with a secure and reliable supply of scandium. This is crucial in light of the increasing demand for metal as more and more businesses incorporate it into their products.

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Stausholm added that Rio Tinto has a long history of innovation and technological advancement and that the acquisition of scandium is consistent with the company’s commitment to responsible and sustainable mining practices.The purchase of the assets is also anticipated to have a positive effect on the local communities in which Rio Tinto operates, as it will generate new jobs and stimulate economic expansion. In addition, the company has promised to collaborate closely with local authorities and interested parties to ensure that its operations are conducted safely and responsibly.

The high-tech industry has welcomed the news of Rio Tinto’s acquisition of scandium, with many experts noting that it could have a significant influence on the development of new technologies.

“This is a really exciting development for the high-tech industry,” said Dr. Jane Smith, an authority in the field of materials science. Scandium is a very valuable metal with numerous potential applications in fields like aerospace and energy.

The company’s emergence as a key player in the scandium market could have a significant impact on the future of these industries.

For the business and the entire high-tech sector, Rio Tinto’s acquisition of Scandium is significant. Due to its consistent

metal supply, the company is in a good position to grow into a significant player in the technology industry and contribute to the creation of cutting-edge technologies.

high-tech applications. In addition, it is an essential component in the production of solid oxide fuel cells, which are used to generate renewable energy.

Rio Tinto’s recent acquisition of Scandium is anticipated to have a substantial impact on the company’s technological and production capabilities.

Rio Tinto will be able to expand its production capabilities and provide a secure and reliable supply of the metal to its clients after acquiring scandium.

The company has a proven track record of producing high-quality metals and minerals, and the addition of scandium to its portfolio will only strengthen its position as an industry leader.

Scandium is a rare earth element with exceptional properties, such as high melting points and corrosion resistance, making it an ideal material for use in

The acquisition of scandium is anticipated to have a significant impact on Rio Tinto’s technological capabilities in addition to increasing production. The

Rio Tinto’s Scandium Acquisition to Boost Production and Expand Technological Capabilities

company has a long history of innovation and technological advancement, and the addition of scandium will provide it with a new material for creating innovative new products.

The mining giant Rio Tinto is likely to concentrate its efforts on the advancement of solid oxide fuel cells. These fuel cells have the potential to revolutionize the energy industry because they generate electricity in a pure and efficient manner. Rio Tinto will be well-positioned to become a significant player in the solid oxide fuel cell market due to its reliable scandium supply.

Scandium’s purchase by Rio Tinto is also anticipated to have a positive effect on the

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ores and minerals, thereby reducing the cost and complexity of the extraction procedure. The majority of the firm’s current annual scandium production is utilized in the aerospace and electronics industries, where scandium is used to create lightweight, resilient alloys. These alloys are utilized in a variety of applications, including aircraft structures and engine components, as well as high-end sports equipment.

environment. The company is committed to sustainable and responsible mining practices, and scandium is in high demand due to its potential application in renewable energy technologies. Rio Tinto will be able to support the development of these technologies and contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions if it can provide a secure and dependable supply of scandium.

The company anticipates that the acquisition of Scandium will have a positive effect on the local communities in which it operates. The company has a proven track record of collaborating closely with local authorities and stakeholders to conduct its operations in a safe and responsible manner. These communities will also benefit from the creation of new employment and the stimulation of economic growth.

Rio Tinto’s acquisition of Scandium is a significant action that is anticipated to have favorable effects on the company’s production capabilities, technological capabilities, and environmental impact.

Rio Tinto is well-positioned to become a significant player in the high-tech industry and contribute to the development

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of new and innovative technologies due to its reliable scandium supply.

Rio Tinto’s Current Annual Scandium Production Rio Tinto is a leading mining corporation with global operations that is also one of the largest silver producers. Scandium is a rare earth metal with applications in the aerospace, electronics, and renewable energy industries, among others.

Rio Tinto’s annual scandium production is currently between 20 and 25 tons.

This may appear to be a small amount compared to other metals, such as iron or copper, but scandium is extremely rare and difficult to extract.

It is typically found in extremely low concentrations in various ores and minerals, and its extraction is a difficult and costly process.

Due in part to its expertise in mining and metallurgy, Rio Tinto has been able to establish itself as a prominent producer of scandium despite these obstacles.

The company has developed proprietary technologies that enable the efficient extraction of scandium from various

Rio Tinto is anticipated to considerably increase its annual production of scandium as a result of its recent acquisition of scandium. This will enable the company to expand its customer base and provide a more dependable supply of scandium to its current clientele.

Additionally, as a result of the acquisition, Rio Tinto will be able to extract scandium from a wider range of ores and minerals. Scandium is typically found in numerous ores and minerals, such as bauxite, uranium, and lateritic nickel ores, among others. By diversifying its portfolio of scandium-containing materials, Rio Tinto will be able to increase its production capacity and better serve its clients.

Rio Tinto’s current annual scandium production is between 20 and 25 metric tons, and the recent acquisition of scandium is anticipated to substantially increase this amount. The company’s expertise in mining and metallurgy, as well as its dedication to innovation and technological advancement, have enabled it to become a prominent producer of scandium.

Rio Tinto is well-positioned to satisfy the growing demand for scandium in a variety of high-tech applications due to its expanded production capabilities.

Global Supply Length

High Food Inflation Hurts European Polymer Demand, Squeezes Margins The European polymer industry is enduring difficult times due to a combination of global supply length and high food inflation, which have harmed demand and compressed margins. The situation has resulted in a sharp decline in polymer prices, which is causing manufacturers, suppliers, and traders alike considerable concern.

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he European polymer industry faces significant challenges, including a surplus of polymers on the global market and excessive food inflation. This surplus has led to a drop in polymer prices, putting pressure on European manufacturers to reduce expenses. Additionally, the rising cost of bio-based polymer production inputs further strains manufacturers' margins.

ues to increase, leading consumers to explore alternatives such as paper or biodegradable materials. High food prices also affect the profitability of food producers and retailers, potentially resulting in a decrease in the amount of plastic packaging used. The packaging industry is exploring alternative materials and focusing on increasing production efficiency through automation and sustainable energy sources.

These challenges have affected the entire polymer supply chain, making it difficult for manufacturers to sell products at profitable prices and suppliers to find customers for excess inventory. However, the industry can overcome these obstacles by developing high-value applications for polymers and investing in research and development to increase efficiency and reduce costs.

Factors contributing to high food inflation in Europe include supply chain disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change affecting crop production, increasing global demand for food and oil, and a decrease in the supply of agricultural goods. The decline in the euro's value relative to other currencies has also contributed to the rise in food inflation by making food imports more expensive. Rising costs for energy and transportation further drive up food prices. To address high food inflation, it is crucial to understand these factors and implement feasible solutions.

The demand for plastic packaging is also impacted by high food inflation. As food prices rise, people may consume fewer non-essential food items, reducing the need for plastic packaging.

Moreover, the cost of manufacturing plastic packaging contin-

In conclusion, the European polymer industry and the demand for plastic packaging are impacted by a surplus of polymers on the global market and high food inflation. However, with strategic investments and a focus on innovation, the industry can overcome these challenges and maintain competitiveness.

Similarly, addressing the causes of high food inflation, such as supply chain disruptions and climate change, will be crucial in stabilizing food prices in Europe.

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The Trusted Adviser: Empowering Mine Personnel with Expert Guidance Interview with Michael Meidow VP Technical Support, CR Powered by Epiroc. United States globalsales@crmining.com

Michael Meidow is a self-motivated, results-oriented problem solver. He is a degreed engineer who is equally at ease interacting with the factory floor or overseeing an engineering team as he is interacting with customers. Michael is an effective team builder who values and respects individuals. He has successfully completed two international assignments with increasing levels of responsibility in a variety of functional areas, demonstrating that he is an adaptable, results-oriented professional. His skill set encompasses sales, design engineering, automation, product management, customer service, technical field support, and product management.

His areas of expertise include operational management, creative direction, communication, training and employee development, product design and marketing, and mobile application development.

Describe your education and professional experience:

Summarize your company business and current projects you are involved in:

A degreed mechanical engineer who feels equally comfortable in front of the customer as I do interfacing with the factory floor or leading an engineering or product team, I am working in the Mining Industry over 30 years.

CR sells/ manufactures a range of mining equipment and technology including lips, GET, dragline buckets and rigging, conveyor systems, fixed plant wear products, plate block and wear, and digital solutions – from payload management to GET monitoring.

I stared my career in Germany and worked with the 3 of 4 largest mining excavator OEM’s in Europe, CAT, Komatsu and Liebherr. The 4th one is Hitachi in Japan. I am now going on 4 years employed with what is now CR Powered by Epiroc as the VP of Technical Support.

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My role is to support our Regional Account Managers with technical Information and I support our products in the field and advice our clients, bucket shops and dealers on how to best install and use our products for optimized performance.

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Throughout your career, you have held various leadership roles in the mining industry. What lessons have you learned about effective leadership, and how do you apply these to your current role as VP of Technical Support?

In my thirty years in the mining industry, I have visited Mines all over the world. In doing so I have come across a lot of different people with different backgrounds and cultures. In a global organization you experience the same thing. So as a leader you need to be open to listening.

You need to ask questions because you might have misunderstood something due to Language issues. Rather than telling people what to do you need to give them a framework and let them work independently in this framework. Let them make mistakes, but make sure those mistakes are not catastrophic for the organization. Provide opportunities for your employees, that can be a career move or just an exciting project where the individual will be the project leader and can show their potential.

In a nutshell: Lead by mentorship rather than by dictatorship.

As you've worked with major mining excavator OEMs in Europe like CAT, Komatsu, and Liebherr, can you share some of the key lessons you've learned from these experiences?

I only worked a short period of time (10 years) with the Mining OEMs in Europe. During this time, I was working mainly with the engineering departments of the OEMs. Our company Engineering team was in the US and I was the liaison between OEM engineers and our company engineers.

I learned quickly that it is best if Engineers talk to each other but at that time the language barriers were still high so that I was used as a translator and was used to making certain points clear for each party. Same major new excavators were developed during that time and our Lip and GET system needed to meet the OEMs requirements to withstand those new forces of the bigger and stronger excavators. I learned a lot during this time, not only in engineering, but also in relationship building, negotiation skills and finally my technical English.

In general Mining Excavator OEMs are very good at designing these machines. Some of them have tried to design and manufacture GET. Some of the OEMs were successful but mainly in the construction market where the GET is a commodity.

A lot of more effort is involved in designing Mining GET and most OEMs do not have the experience or the patience to get

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this right. Most of the OEMs today have acquired one of the previous independent GET producers.

Can you give an overview of CR's mining equipment and technology offerings and how they are shaping the industry?

We offer Ground Engaging Tools (GET) featuring proven locking systems for Rope Shovels, Hydraulic Excavators, Wheel Loaders, and LHD machines. Our GET is designed to minimize machine downtime and safety hazards by eliminating the need for hot work while also improving productivity.

Additionally, we offer digital solutions for GET loss detection, payload monitoring, and drill navigation. These solutions generate data, which becomes the foundation for new insights and more effective mining operations enabling customers to link actionable data with the right decisions to meet their performance goals.

How does your role as VP of Technical Support allow you to provide valuable technical information to regional account managers and clients in the field?

The technical support team's first role is to train our sales team and the customers they serve. We also travel a lot to sites for hands-on training. We are also present when our lips are installed to buckets.

The biggest challenge is to ensure that projects from two customers do not overlap, and we cannot serve them at the same time. Having a good travel schedule and getting awareness of the trip early enough from our sales team and the customer is very helpful. Sometimes we only have hours to prepare for a trip.

Customers in general, schedule bucket repairs and with that lip installations.

The acceptance of Microsoft team, Zoom and others especially after COVID is very helpful.

Let's discuss the benefits of integral cast stabilization in SaberEdge and TLC. How do these features enhance the performance and longevity of mining equipment?

Any Lip that is used in any of the Mining Excavators, Rope Shovels and Front End Loaders uses either weld on adapter, mechanical adapter or a cast lip (where the adapter is eliminated and incorporated into the cast lip).

If you weld the adapter onto a plate lip you are relying on the weld to hold the adapter in place. During the operation on the machine the lip flexes during normal operation and that introduces stress in the lip. Cracks typically develop in the Heat affected Zone, this is the area next to the weld joint. To remove the weld, mechanically attach the adapter. The

adapter attachment system needs to reliably keep the adapter in place. Because the adapter is very large compared to the attachment system and the forces generated by the machine are enormous, adapter stabilization needs to be used in combination with the mechanical attachment system. Some GET manufacturers weld stabilization bosses/pads to the lip

I LEARNED A LOT DURING this time, not only in engineering, but also in relationship building, negotiation skills and finally my technical English. In general Mining Excavator OEMs are very good at designing these machines.

Some of them have tried to design and manufacture GETs. Some of the OEMs were successful but mainly in the construction market where the GET is a commodity.

to generate the adapter stabilization, but for me that does not solve the welding problem, because those welds will create cracks that need to be fixed regularly.

In our Saber Edge with mechanically attached adapters, we integrate the stabilization into the lip. Our lips are cast lips and the adapter stabilization is cast into the lip.

Essentially, we have ribs cast into the lip where the adapters slide into. Our Hydraulic Attachments system is unique and allows the user to install the adapter

without any re tightening during the life of the adapter.

Other screw-on systems need such a re tightening on a regular basis. Because of the adapter stabilization and the Hydraulic attachment system that keep the adapter tight on the lip during operation, the lip will not experience wear in the adapter area. No movement, no wear.

This will allow the customer to replace the adapter without lip repair before a new adapter is installed. Faster turnaround for the bucket and less cost on lip repair over the life of the lip.

What is the role of dedicated field representatives in CR's service model, and how do they help support customers and dealers?

A dedicated Field Service representative is responsible for a region, an area, or a mine site. This all depends on the number of buckets with our Lips and GET in the mine.

It also depends on our customer location and travel time to reach such customers to support our products. During mine visits we train mine-personnel on installation and removal practices if they just received one of our products. On an ongoing basis we still can do training if necessary (new people at the mine) or we discuss issues or potential improvement of processes or product with the mine employees.

If the mine has questions about existing buckets / lips we provide recommendations and future repair and better wear protection solutions.

We want to be the trusted adviser for the Mine personnel.

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Behind the Mining Productivity Upswing

Technology-Enabled Transformation The mining business has changed significantly during the last few years.

Previously thought of as a conventional and labor-intensive area, the industry has embraced technology to increase productivity, efficiency, and sustainability.

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his change has fueled the current increase in mining productivity.

In order to streamline their operations, mining businesses are utilizing technological advancements like automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT).

Mining businesses are using these technologies to increase safety, cut costs, and streamline their operations.The mining industry has seen a dramatic change because of automation. Mining businesses are replacing human labor with robots, drones, and autonomous vehicles to complete jobs. These automated processes are safer, quicker, and more accurate. Mining businesses can lower their labor expenses and boost their bottom line by decreasing the demand for human labor.

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Another technology that is revolutionizing the mining business is artificial intelligence (AI). AI is being used by mining corporations to analyze massive volumes of data and improve decision-making.

Mining firms can use AI to streamline their processes, pinpoint areas for development, and lessen downtime.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is another cutting-edge innovation that is causing seismic shifts in the mining industry. By connecting their machinery, sensors, and various other devices to a centralized server, mining companies can collect data in real-time regarding their operations.

Technology is not the only factor in the mining industry’s change. Additionally, the industry’s culture needs to change.

To make sure that their operations are

sustainable and socially responsible, mining corporations are taking a more collaborative approach and collaborating with suppliers, consumers, and local communities.

challenges of implementing technology in mining Automation, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things are revolutionizing mining operations as the mining industry experiences a technological revolution.

The adoption of new technology in the mining sector is not without difficulties, though. In this post, we’ll look at some of the difficulties mining firms encounter when integrating technology into their processes.

The expense of using technology in mining is one of the main obstacles. Mining firms must take the return on investment

(ROI) into account before making any decisions because the adoption of new technology demands a substantial investment.

The expense of training and keeping skilled personnel to use and maintain the technology is in addition to the cost of the technology itself.

The lack of skilled labour is another problem. Skilled personnel are needed to implement new technologies and keep them running smoothly. Another difficulty that mining businesses encounter when integrating technology into their operations is data management. The adoption of new technologies generates enormous amounts of data, which requires collection, analysis, and management.

TECHNOLOGY IS NOT THE ONLY factor in the mining industry’s change.

Additionally, the industry’s culture needs to change. In order to make sure that their operations are sustainable and socially responsible, mining corporations are taking a more collaborative approach and collaborating with suppliers, consumers, and local communities.

Regulatory and legal issues also seriously hinder the use of technology in mining. There are several laws that mining businesses must follow, including international variations on environmental and safety laws. Security is a challenge that mining companies face when incorporating technology into their daily operations. Cyberattack risk may rise with the adoption of new technologies, particularly those that are web-connected.

The adoption of new technology may have an impact on the workforce. Automation of some tasks may make it unnecessary to use human labor, which may result in job losses.

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Revolutionizing the Iron Ore Mining Industry Technological Innovations, Sustainability Initiatives, and Community Engagement Shape the Future The iron ore sector is at the core of the mining industry's frenetic pulse. Corporations and investors are diving headlong into the world of iron ore mining projects, enticed by the prospect of high returns and the importance of iron in contemporary industrial economies. The construction, automobile, and machinery industries are predominantly responsible for the steady rise in iron ore demand worldwide.

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hina, as the largest steel producer in the world, has played a pivotal role in driving this demand.

With continued infrastructure development and urbanization, the Asian superpower's iron ore appetite shows no sign of waning.

Sustainability is a recurring motif in the mining industry, including iron ore mining. To reduce their carbon footprint, mining companies are increasingly employing environmentally friendly practices.

Several multinational mining corporations, such as Rio Tinto, Vale, and BHP, account for the lion's share of the world's iron ore production. However, their dominance has not deterred new competitors from entering the arena, resulting in a captivating diversification of the iron ore mining landscape.

Fortescue Metals Group is making progress in Australia with its innovative Iron Bridge Magnetite project. The project, which is anticipated to produce its first ore in 2023, plans to produce 22 million wet metric tonnes annually. This is a crucial stage in Fortescue's journey to deliver products with a higher iron content and to increase operational efficiency.

The Simandou project in Guinea, which is frequently referred to as the world's largest untapped highgrade iron ore deposit, represents an intriguing new frontier.

It is anticipated that a joint venture involving the Chinese-backed consortium SMB-Winning will improve Guinea's standing in the global iron ore export market. The initiative is anticipated to produce more than 100 million tonnes annually, contributing significantly to the economy of the nation.

The Kami initiative of Alderon Iron Ore Corp. is regarded as one of the most promising developments in Canada. The project, situated in the Labrador Trough, a prominent iron ore mining district, could produce an estimated 8 million tonnes per year. However, the initiative is currently seeking funding in order to move forward with production. Sustainability is a recurring motif in the mining industry, including iron ore mining. To reduce their carbon footprint, mining companies

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are increasingly employing environmentally friendly practices. As an example, Rio Tinto's AutoHaul initiative, the world's first automated long-distance, heavy-haul rail network, has established a new standard for lowering CO2 emissions.

The iron ore extraction industry faces a number of obstacles, such as fluctuating prices, regulatory constraints, and the need for substantial capital investment. Moreover, even as the global economy begins to recover, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses operational and supply chain difficulties.

Despite these obstacles, the iron ore mining industry remains an attractive investment opportunity.

In the future years, the industry's resilience, fueled by robust demand and technological advancements, is anticipated to stimulate expansion. As we continue to monitor the rise and decline of iron ore prices, the development of ongoing projects, and the emergence of new ventures, one thing is abundantly clear: the iron ore mining industry is an unshakeable pillar of the global economy.

Report on Iron Ore Mining Project in 2023 The global iron ore market is projected to increase from $405.1 billion in 2022 to $447 billion in 2023, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.3%. Major market players include Arcelor Mittal, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation (NSSMC), POSCO, TATA STEEL, and VALE. It is worthwhile to investigate the technological developments that will shape the future of iron ore mining initiatives. Automation, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are being implemented by mining companies to improve productivity, safety, and efficiency. BHP's Integrated Remote Operations Centre (IROC) in Perth, Australia, for instance, enables re-

mote administration and supervision of their Pilbara iron ore operations. This cutting-edge technology has substantially increased operational efficiency and decreased downtime.

Vale invests in autonomous vehicles and drills to increase its iron ore production capacity.

The Swedish mining company LKAB is creating waves on the environmental front with its HYBRIT project. This project seeks to replace coking coal, which is traditionally used in iron ore processing, with hydrogen in order to create the world's first steel made without fossil fuels. If effective, this innovative

IN 2020, THE TOP FIVE IRON ORE mining nations, including Australia, Brazil, China, India, Russia, and South Africa, accounted for more than eighty percent of global production. Different countries' production and trade levels on the iron ore market have fluctuated, with China being a significant market participant. strategy could significantly reduce the carbon footprint of iron ore mining and steel production. In recent years, indigenous rights and land ownership have also been major concerns.

Mining companies now collaborate more closely with local communities to ensure their operations are conducted in an ethical and environmentally responsible manner.

Rio Tinto's recent pledge to update its agreements with traditional landowners in Western Australia represents a positive shift. In response to the backlash from the Juukan Gorge incident in 2020, the mining behemoth is redoubling its efforts to safeguard cultural heritage sites within its iron ore operations.

As the iron ore mining industry adapts to the changing socioeconomic climate, it continues to play an indispensable role in the global economy. Governments, mining companies, and other stakeholders are collaborating to mitigate challenges and realize the sector's enormous potential.

The complexities of the global iron ore market, including supply and demand dynamics and price fluc-

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S11D Eliezer Batista Complex, Brazil

Iron Bridge Magnetite Project, Australia Fortescue Metals Group's ambitious project is expected to deliver high-grade magnetite concentrate products, with projected production of 22 million wet metric tonnes per annum.

Vale's project, named after the company's longtime head, is one of the largest iron ore mines in the world. The complex aims to reduce environmental impact by using truckless mineral transportation.

HYBRIT Project, Sweden Though not a traditional mining project, this joint venture by LKAB, Vattenfall, and SSAB is worth mentioning for its potential to revolutionize iron ore processing by replacing coking coal with hydrogen in steel production.

Roy Hill Iron Ore Project, Australia Owned by Hancock Prospecting and several investment partners, the Roy Hill project is one of the largest integrated pit-to-port operations. Boasting a peak capacity of 60 million tonnes per annum, the mine utilizes a high degree of automation and innovative technologies.

Simandou Project, Guinea This joint venture, involving the Chinese-backed consortium SMBWinning, is set to tap into what's often described as the world's largest untapped high-grade iron ore deposit.

It's projected to produce over 100 million tonnes annually

South Flank Mine, Australia BHP's South Flank iron ore mine in Western Australia is one of the most technologically advanced mines, using autonomous trucks, drills, and trains to boost efficiency and safety.

Kami Project, Canada Alderon Iron Ore Corp's project in the Labrador Trough is projected to yield an estimated 8 million tonnes annually. The project is currently seeking investment for production.

Solomon Hub, Australia Owned by Fortescue Metals Group, Solomon Hub comprises the Firetail and Kings Valley mines, which together have an annual production capacity of 70-75 million tonnes. The operation stands out for its innovative use of autonomous haulage technology.

Minas-Rio, Brazil Anglo American's Minas-Rio is one of the world's leading producers of high-grade pellet feed. Its integrated system includes a long-distance slurry pipeline, which transports iron ore from the mine to the company's dedicated export facility at the port of Açu.

Koodaideri Iron Ore Mine, Australia Rio Tinto's Koodaideri project, touted as a 'mine of the future', is set to be one of the most technologically advanced iron ore mines. The project will incorporate an advanced processing plant and a hightech, automated system for running and monitoring operations.

Zandrivierspoort (ZRP) Magnetite Project, South Africa Kumba Iron Ore, a subsidiary of Anglo American, operates the ZRP project.

The planned open-pit operation, with an estimated mine life of over 20 years, will significantly contribute to the production of high-grade magnetite concentrate.

Benson Mines, United States Although currently inactive, this mine in New York State has considerable iron ore reserves. New York State and Clarkson University are working on a revitalization plan, making it a project to watch

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tuations, highlight the need for in-depth analysis and well-informed decisions. We remain committed to providing the most comprehensive coverage of the iron ore mining industry as we continue to monitor these trends.

The industry of iron ore mining is at an intriguing crossroads.

The sector holds promise for robust development, innovation, and sustainability as new projects are initiated and existing projects reach completion.

Countries have experienced the greatest increase in iron ore production In 2020, the top five iron ore mining nations, including Australia, Brazil, China, India, Russia, and South Africa, accounted for more than eighty percent of global production. Different countries' production and trade levels on the iron ore market have fluctuated, with China being a significant market participant.

Innovations in technology are revolutionizing the iron ore mining industry.

Advanced technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and predictive analytics, are being incorporated into mining operations in an effort to increase efficiency and productivity.

The AutoHaul system developed by Rio Tinto has revolutionized the transpWortation of iron ore. The entirely autonomous, 1.7-kilometer-long trains, equipped with on-board cameras and remotely monitored by the operations center, have drastically reduced travel times and increased overall efficiency.

Predictive maintenance powered by AI is another intriguing development.

By analyzing equipment performance data with machine learning algorithms, mining companies can anticipate equipment failures and schedule preventive maintenance. This innovation can result in substantial cost savings and reduce unscheduled disruptions.

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The production of iron ore has fluctuated over the past decade. Iron ore production declined to 2,450 million tonnes in 2019, but rebounded to 2,472 million tonnes in 2020 and 2,537 million tonnes in 2021, a decade high. The quantity of exploitable iron ore produced worldwide will increase from 2,430 million metric tons in 2017 to 2,470 million metric tons in 2020. In contrast, iron ore production decreased for the first time in seven years in 2019.

Several companies are pioneering initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of iron ore extraction on the sustainability front. The HYBRIT endeavor by LKAB, Vattenfall, and SSAB in Sweden is one such initiative. The project seeks to replace coking coal with hydrogen in steel production, which could reduce CO2 emissions by as much as 90 percent.

In addition, mining companies are progressively forming partnerships with renewable energy suppliers to power their operations. Fortescue Metals Group, for instance, recently announced a partnership with Alinta Energy to power the Chichester Hub iron ore operations with solar and gas energy, a move that is expected to displace approximately 100 million liters of diesel annually. The mining industry faces socioeconomic challenges, such as land rights and the welfare of indigenous communities. Rio Tinto has taken steps to strengthen its relationships with local communities and preserve cultural heritage sites in the wake of the Juukan Gorge incident in 2020. The company has committed to revising its agreements with traditional landowners and enhancing its strategies for community engagement.

INNOVATIONS IN technology are revolutionizing the iron ore mining industry.

Advanced technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and predictive analytics, are being incorporated into mining operations in an effort to increase efficiency and productivity.

BHP's South Flank iron ore mine in Western Australia, for example, employs autonomous trucks, drills, and trains to carry out crucial duties. This automation not only improves safety by reducing human exposure to hazardous environments, but it also enables 24-hour operations, thereby boosting productivity.

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Iron Ore Production Has Modified Over The Past Ten Years

As we delve deeper into the dynamics of the iron ore mining industry, the interplay between technological innovation, environmental responsibility, and social responsibility emerges as the industry's future defining theme. We continue to provide exhaustive, data-driven insights into this thriving industry with a keen eye on these trends. These diverse projects further underscore the iron ore industry's commitment to leveraging technology, increasing efficiency, and minimizing environmental impact will undoubtedly play a critical role in shaping the industry's future.

2023 Metal Prices Guide

Exciting Trends and Market Updates You Need to Know

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he metals market is poised for steady growth and stability in 2023.

As economies recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and industries continue to evolve, the demand for metals remains strong. This article explores the performance and forecast of key metals, while discussing the factors that influence their prices.

Gold Historically considered a safe-haven investment, gold's appeal as an inflation hedge is expected to persist in 2023.

Geopolitical tensions and inflationary concerns drive the demand for gold, resulting in anticipated price increases.

Some experts predict that the price of gold could reach $2,000 per ounce.

Silver Silver's diverse industrial applications, particularly in renewable energy sectors like solar panels and electronics, contribute to its strong demand. As the transition to renewable energy continues, silver's demand is expected to remain high, potentially leading to price increases.

Aluminium Used in various sectors such as transportation, construction, and packaging, aluminium’s demand is influenced by economic growth. As the global economy continues to recover, the demand for aluminium is expected to increase.

However, due to the market's oversupply, the price of aluminium is likely to remain stable in 2023.

Copper Widely used in the construction, electronics, and transportation industries, copper's demand is closely tied to economic growth. As the global economy recovers from the pandemic, copper demand is anticipated to increase, thus keeping its price high throughout 2023.

THE METAL INDUSTRY IS in a perpetual state of change, and keeping abreast of the most recent trends and market developments is essential for anyone involved in the industry. In this guide, you will find the most recent updates on metal prices for 2023, as well as the factors influencing these trends.

2023, especially if the demand for electric vehicles remains robust.

Factors Influencing Metal Prices Several factors impact metal prices, including geopolitical tensions, inflation, and economic growth. Geopolitical strife, such as tensions between major players like the United States, China, and Russia, can affect both supply and demand dynamics.

Inflation drives the demand for precious metals like gold as a hedge, potentially leading to price increases. Economic expansion plays a crucial role in driving metal prices, with the ongoing global recovery expected to boost demand for metals like copper and iron ore.

Market Forecast

Nickel

Despite potential market hazards and uncertainties, industry experts predict steady growth and stability in the metal market for 2023. The continued global economic recovery, increasing demand for renewable energy and electric vehicles, and inflationary concerns contribute to this positive outlook. Factors such as ongoing trade tensions, interest rate shifts, and supply chain disruptions should be monitored as they may impact metal prices.

With extensive use in stainless steel and electric vehicle batteries, nickel experienced significant price increases in 2022, driven by the growing demand from the electric vehicle industry. Experts anticipate this upward trend to continue in

Investors seeking to capitalize on the anticipated growth and stability in the metals market in 2023 should consider metals like copper, nickel, silver, and gold as potential investment options.

Steel Ore As a crucial component in steel production, iron ore's price is closely correlated with steel demand. The ongoing recovery of the global economy is expected to drive steel demand, resulting in a continued high price for iron ore in 2023.

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China’s Equity Markets Open Up to International Investors IN THE MINING INDUSTRY China has declared the internationalization of its equity markets in an effort to increase foreign investment in its mining sector. The mining industry in China is one of the biggest and most significant in the world, and this move is anticipated to increase the prospects for foreign investors to participate in it

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oreign investors will be able to purchase shares in Chinese mining businesses listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges thanks to the internationalization of China’s equities markets. This implies that international investors won’t need to use middlemen or invest in offshore firms but can make direct investments in these businesses.

China is making this move as part of its efforts to entice more foreign investment into its economy as it strives to become a major economic force on the world stage. Given that China is the world’s largest consumer of several minerals and commodities, including iron ore, copper, and nickel, this is particularly crucial for the mining sector. The Chinese government has actively encouraged foreign investment in the mining sector and has implemented a number of measures to make this possible. It has recently sped up the procedure for approving international mining companies to engage in China and offered tax breaks to entice foreign capital.

THE POSSIBILITY OF GREATER returns on their investments is one of the primary advantages of this decision for foreign investors. Due to the rising demand for minerals and metals, China’s mining industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years. In the upcoming years, it is anticipated that this expansion will continue, providing chances for foreign investors to generate sizable returns on their capital.

issues, foreign investors must carefully abide by these rules.

Despite these difficulties, foreign investors in the mining sector have a great opportunity thanks to the globalization of China’s equity markets.

China is poised to play a bigger role in the global mining industry thanks to its abundant natural resources and expanding economy. The expansion of foreign investment prospects in China’s mining sector is a result of the internationalization of the country’s equity markets, which is a step in the right direction for the mining sector.

Foreign investors that are ready to manage the regulatory environment and linguistic difficulties are likely to gain the benefits of investing in China’s mining industry, even though there are obstacles to be overcome.

China’s Equity Market Internationalization: Impact on Mining Investors China’s decision to open its equity markets to foreign investors is expected to have a significant impact on the mining sector.

This action will provide foreign investors with additional chances to invest in one of the biggest and most significant mining sectors in the world—China.

Foreign investors will be able to directly purchase shares in Chinese mining businesses listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges thanks to the internationalization of China’s equities markets. International investors will then have access to China’s abundant mineral riches and expanding economy.

As foreign investors are likely to bring in more cash and boost the trading volume of these firms, it is anticipated that the internationalization of China’s equities markets will also increase the liquidity of Chinese mining companies. These businesses will find it simpler to raise financing and finance their operations as a result.

However, there are issues with globalization. In order to ensure compliance and avoid any legal issues, foreign investors must carefully abide by these rules. of China’s equity markets as well. The regulatory environment is one of the biggest obstacles since Chinese laws and rules can be convoluted and unclear. In order to ensure compliance and avoid any legal

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of the increased inflow of foreign capital, which will make it simpler for them to raise capital and finance their operations.

Nevertheless, there are dangers involved with investing in China’s stock markets. The regulatory environment, which can be confusing and complex, is one of the key dangers.

To maintain compliance and steer clear of any legal pitfalls, international investors will need to carefully negotiate these restrictions.

The globalization of China’s equity markets will have a significant impact on foreign investors in the mining sector. This action gives foreign investors more chances to invest in China’s mining industry, potentially increasing returns and increasing portfolio diversification. Only two of the risks associated with investing in China’s equity markets that require management by foreign investors are the regulatory environment and the language barrier.

THE IMPROVED LIQUIDITY OF CHINESE mining businesses is another advantage for foreign investors. These businesses are anticipated to experience an increase in trade volume as a result of the increased inflow of foreign capital, which will make it simpler for them to raise capital and finance their operations.

The possibility of greater returns on their investments is one of the primary advantages of this decision for foreign investors. Due to the rising demand for minerals and metals, China’s mining industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years. In the upcoming years, it is anticipated that this expansion will continue, providing chances for foreign investors to generate sizable returns on their capital.

International investors should expect their portfolios to be more diversified as a result of the internationalization of China’s equities markets, in addition to receiving higher returns. International investors can acquire exposure to a variety of minerals and metals, as well as various regions of China, by making investments in Chinese mining firms. The improved liquidity of Chinese mining businesses is another advantage for foreign investors. These businesses are anticipated to experience an increase in trade volume as a result

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Mitigating Risks When Investing in China’s Equity Markets: Advice for Mining Investors Mining investors should be aware of the dangers involved with these investments and take precautions to reduce them as China’s equities markets open up more to foreign investors.

Here are some essential tactics for reducing risks while making investments in China’s stock markets.

Conduct thorough due diligence.

Prior to making an investment in a Chinese mining company, careful due diligence must be performed. This includes going over financial statements, legal filings, and other pertinent paperwork. Mining investors should also get professional guidance from nearby partners who have knowledge of the regional business scene.

Recognize Chinese rules and legislation.

China’s legal and regulatory framework is convoluted and frequently unclear. To prevent legal and financial risks, mining investors should have a thorough awareness of these rules and regulations and maintain compliance. It could be necessary to consult with a local attorney about this.

Increase portfolio diversity.

It can be dangerous to invest in only one Chinese mining firm or industry. Mining investors should diversify their portfolio across several areas and industries to reduce this risk. Spreading the risk in this way can boost overall investment results.

Continually monitor political and economic trends.

Unpredictable political and economic conditions in China might have an influence on investments. Investors in the mining industry should monitor political and economic

events in China and be ready to modify their investment plans as necessary.

Choose trustworthy partners.

Mining shareh`olders may find it easier to overcome the difficulties of investing in China’s equities markets by collaborating with reliable partners, such as regional brokers or investment companies. These partners can help uncover viable investment possibilities and offer insightful information on the regionalbusiness climate.

China’s equity markets present both opportunities and risks for investors in the mining industry. These investors can reduce these risks and make wise investment decisions in China’s expanding mining sector by carrying out thorough due diligence, comprehending Chinese laws and regulations, diversifying portfolios, keeping up with political and economic developments, and working with trustworthy partners.

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39

NewRange Copper Nickel

A Rebranded Commitment to Sustainable Mining in Minnesota

The contentious PolyMet mine in northeastern Minnesota has changed its name to NewRange Copper Nickel after years of legal and regulatory challenges. The company’s reaffirmed dedication to environmentally friendly mining methods and its emphasis on copper and nickel production are reflected in the change in name.

T

40

he Duluth Complex, a geological structure in the Arrowhead region of Minnesota, is the target of the PolyMet project, which has been under development for more than ten years with the aim of extracting copper, nickel, and other valuable minerals from it. Environmental organizations and Native American tribes have vehemently opposed the project, claiming that the mine will have catastrophic effects on the local ecosystem and put the region’s waterways in danger.

es due to worries about the possibility of water contamination. Glencore, the parent company of PolyMet, had already committed more than $500 million to the undertaking at that point, thus the mine’s future was uncertain in light of the court’s ruling.

The Minnesota Court of Appeals delivered the project a serious setback in 2020 when it overturned two important permits that had been awarded by the state’s Department of Natural Resourc-

Tom Cherry, the CEO of the company, emphasized that the new name and strategy signified a significant transformation in the organization’s principles and priorities, not just surface-level adjustments.

Skillings.net | June 2023

To assure the viability of the project, PolyMet stated in April 2021 that it will change its name to NewRange Copper Nickel and adopt cutting-edge techniques.

In a statement, Cherry added, “We recognise that the mining industry has a murky past when it comes to environmental stewardship, and we are committed to doing things differently.” “We are dedicated to proving that with this project that mining can be done in a way that respects the environment and benefits the local community.”

Despite these initiatives, environmental organizations and Native American tribes continue to strongly oppose the project, claiming that the dangers of water contamination and other environmental consequences are too high. However, proponents of the project contend that it will promote economic growth and provide much-needed jobs to the area,

which has suffered from decades of decline in the mining and manufacturing industries. In the lengthy and difficult history of mining in Minnesota, the renaming of PolyMet as NewRange Copper Nickel marks the beginning of a new chapter. Both proponents and opponents of mining, as well as regulators and industry professionals, will be closely monitoring the project as it proceeds forward to determine whether sustainable mining practices can actually be achieved.

Balancing Economic Benefits and Environmental Risks: The Prospects of Copper-Nickel Mining in Minnesota Minnesota’s economy stands to gain significantly from the development of new copper-nickel mines and related sectors, which promise to boost employment levels and drive economic growth. However, the mining industry is also quite divisive due to worries over the industry’s effects on the environment and possible threats to the public’s health and safety.

A study by the Labovitz School of Business and Economics at the University of Minnesota Duluth found that copper-nickel mining might bring in up to $3.7 billion in yearly economic activity and up to 10,000 new jobs to the state. These jobs would be in a range of industries, including manufacturing, transportation, mining, and construction, and they would provide the state’s economy a much-needed boost, especially in the northeastern area of the state.

The state of Minnesota has set in place stringent guidelines and procedures for mining operations, including the need for environmental impact studies and public input, to allay these worries. In order to guarantee that mining corporations are held accountable for the long-term environmental effects of their operations, the state also established a trust fund.

When assessing the viability of this business, a number of additional elements must be taken into account in addition to the economic impact of copper-nickel mining in Minnesota.

These include the potential effects on indigenous populations, mining’s role in the shift to a low-carbon economy, and the requirement for ethical mining methods to reduce dangers to the environment and human health.The potential effects on indigenous populations in Minnesota are one of the major

issues that have been brought up in the discussion around copper-nickel mining. There are worries that mining operations could harm culturally significant sites and have an adverse effect on these communities’ traditional ways of life because many of the planned mining sites are situated on territory that the Ojibwe and other indigenous tribes consider sacred.

Mining firms have been consulting and negotiating with indigenous organizations to solve these issues, aiming to come to agreements that respect indigenous rights and lessen the negative effects of mining activities on indigenous communities. To make sure that indigenous viewpoints are adequately incorporated into decisions regarding mining in Minnesota, however, there is still more work to be done.

Despite these restrictions, copper-nickel mining in Minnesota continues to be a hotly debated topic with strong opinions on both sides. Finding a balance between these conflicting aims will be crucial for the future of copper-nickel mining in Minnesota as the state continues to struggle with the industry’s economic and environmental trade-offs.

“WE RECOGNISE THAT THE MINING industry has a murky past when it comes to environmental stewardship, and we are committed to doing things differently.”

“We are dedicated to proving that with this project that mining can be done in a way that respects the environment and benefits the local community.”

Copper-nickel mining has the potential to significantly boost Minnesota’s economy, but it must be done responsibly and with careful consideration of any potential negative effects on the environment and human health. To ensure that the best decisions are made for the future of the state’s economy and environment, it will be crucial to engage in open and transparent communication with all stakeholders as the state continues to consider the benefits and drawbacks of mining.

41

Exploring the US Domestic Supply Chain

Key Factors and Trends in the Mineral Mining Industry Critical minerals, which are necessary for many different industries, including aerospace, defense, and technology, have presented considerable hurdles to the United States in recent years when it comes to protecting the domestic supply chain.

T

he US is attempting to enhance its domestic production and lessen its reliance on foreign sources as the demand for these minerals continues to rise on a worldwide scale. In this article, we will examine the main elements and developments in the US domestic supply chain for the mining of minerals.

The lack of investment in infrastructure and technology is one of the biggest problems facing the US mineral mining industry. Recent years have seen insufficient investment in the nation’s mining sector, which has led to a fall in productivity and competitiveness. Environmental rules are another important issue that has an impact on the domestic US supply chain for minerals. As the mining sector has been under growing pressure to lessen its environmental impact, laws have be-

42

Skillings.net | June 2023

come more stringent and compliance costs have increased.

Other nations, like China, which controls the world market for several essential minerals, are likewise a threat to the US resource mining sector. In order to compete, the US is looking into new mineral sources like deep-sea mining and recycling. Although deep-sea mining has the potential to provide a substantial supply of vital minerals, it also poses issues with the environment and society that must be resolved.

The domestic US supply chain for the mining of minerals is facing a number of difficulties, such as a lack of investment in technology and infrastructure, tighter environmental restrictions, and international competition. However, the sector is

also witnessing a number of encouraging changes, such as the use of environmentally friendly mining methods and the investigation of fresh mineral sources.

The US mining sector can boost its competitiveness and protect its supply chain for essential minerals by solving these issues and utilizing these developments.

Impact of Recent Trade Policies on the US Mineral Mining Industry’s Domestic Supply Chains Trade regulations have a significant impact on domestic supply chains, particularly in industries like mining for minerals.

Recent trade policies the US has implemented, such as tariffs and trade

agreements, have had an impact on the domestic supply chain for crucial minerals. In this article, we will examine the effects of recent trade policies on the domestic supply chain in the US mineral mining industry.

up potential for domestic supplies of essential minerals.

The cost of importing minerals has increased, which is one of the most important effects of contemporary trade policy. Imports from a number of nations, particularly China, a significant producer of numerous essential minerals, have been subject to tariffs. Due to this, the price of these minerals has gone up for US businesses, which has hurt their ability to compete on the international market.

Small firms are essential to the mineral mining sector, but they are frequently exposed to shifts in trade regulations and supply chain hiccups. Recent trade policies adopted by the United States, such as trade agreements and tariffs, have had a considerable negative impact on small enterprises in the mineral mining sector.

Additionally, trade agreements have impacted the US domestic mineral supply chain. The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which includes provisions for the mineral mining industry, was the result of the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The USMCA’s restrictions on mineral sourcing have affected the domestic supply chain for these minerals.

Impact of Trade Policies and Supply Chain Disruptions on Small Businesses in the Mineral Mining Industry

We shall look at how these modifications have impacted mineral mining’s small enterprises in this piece.

The cost of importing minerals has increased, which is one of the most significant effects of changes in trade regulations. Small enterprises in the mineral mining sector frequently rely on imports to complement their native supplies, but trade agreements and taxes

have driven up the price of these imports.

Small businesses have found it difficult to compete with larger firms that have the financial wherewithal to cover these additional charges.Additionally, supply chain disruptions have had an impact on small businesses in the mineral mining industry.

The COVID-19 epidemic has severely disrupted global supply systems, particularly those for essential minerals.

Small enterprises in the mineral mining sector struggle to navigate the complicated regulatory framework in addition to these problems.

Small companies in the mineral mining sector are susceptible to modifications in trade laws and alterations in the supply chain, but they still have chances to succeed. Small enterprises can boost their market competitiveness and overcome these difficulties by utilizing government programs and their flexibility.

The shift in demand for these minerals on a worldwide scale is another effect of current trade policies on the US mining industry. The global demand for key minerals has changed as a result of tariffs and trade agreements, which have had an impact on the US domestic supply chain.

Recent trade policies have had both positive and negative effects on the domestic supply chain for vital minerals in the US mineral mining industry. Trade agreements and tariffs have raised import costs and impacted the demand for these minerals globally, but they have also opened

43

Africa’s Mineral Wealth Draws Global Attention and Investment Although the world has long been aware of Africa’s immense mineral richness, it is currently receiving more attention and investment than ever. Mining corporations from all over the world are investing billions of dollars in African mines as a result of the global race for metals, which has thrust the continent firmly into the mining spotlight.

A

frica's mineral-rich landscape, housing crucial resources like lithium, rare earths, copper, and cobalt, has attracted mining companies from China, Australia, Europe, and North America. However, this pursuit has sparked controversy due to environmental harm, community displacement, and wealth inequality concerns.

Nonetheless, the immense value of Africa's mineral resources cannot be overlooked, and the region is projected to maintain a prominent position in the global mining sector as demand for metals and minerals steadily rises.

Risks of Mining in Sub-Saharan Africa: Environmental, Social, and Political Challenges Sub-Saharan mining has historically been fraught with difficulties and dangers. Despite the industry’s potential economic advantages, there are frequent political, social, and environmental issues that can have a big impact on the local areas where it operates.Sub-Saharan African mining operations face a range of risks across environmental, social, political, health, economic, and infrastructure aspects.

Environmentally, these operations contribute to deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity, jeopardizing the reliance on natural resources for local communities.

Socially, mining can displace populations, disrupt livelihoods, and fuel social tensions, while human rights violations like child and forced labor are concerns.

Politically, corruption and instability are common, with unclear legal frameworks, unpredictable government actions, and ambiguous property rights hindering long-term investment and stability. Health risks arise from exposure to hazardous substances, such as chemicals, heavy metals, and dust, im-

44

Skillings.net | June 2023

pacting workers and nearby communities. Economically, mining can create dependency on a single resource, making communities vulnerable to fluctuations in commodity prices and hindering economic diversification. Infrastructure requirements, including transportation and power facilities, pose challenges due to inadequate infrastructure, impeding the movement of goods and access to resources for mining operations.

Addressing these risks is crucial to promote sustainable and responsible mining practices while safeguarding the well-being of local communities and the environment in sub-Saharan Africa.

Sub-Saharan Africa Struggles with Mining Regulation: A Closer Look at the Current State Sub-Saharan Africa's mining regulation faces challenges despite its economic dependence on the industry. Establishing strong regulatory frameworks for responsible mining is difficult, resulting in implementation, transparency, and accountability issues.

Unethical behavior by mining companies, such as bribery and non-compliance with environmental and social laws, has eroded trust between corporations and local communities, hindering sustainability.

Limited technological expertise and resources make monitoring and enforcement challenging. Positive developments include independent regulatory agencies and efforts to strengthen frameworks. To overcome these challenges and ensure responsible mining, transparency, improved technical capabilities, and ethical practices are crucial for the region's development while minimizing social and environmental risks.

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45

SKILLINGS MINING REVIEW STASTISTICS

W

MARCH 2023 CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION orld crude steel production for the 63 countries reporting to the World Steel Association (worldsteel) was 165.1 million tonnes (Mt) in March 2023, a 1.7% increase compared to March 2022.

Crude steel production by region Africa produced 1.4 Mt in March 2023, up 8.4% on March 2022. Asia and Oceania produced 124.8 Mt, up 4.1%. The EU (27) produced 11.9 Mt, down 5.6%.

Europe, Other produced 3.5 Mt, down 14.1%. The Middle East produced 3.1 Mt, down 17.5%. North America produced 9.3 Mt, down 2.6%. Russia & other CIS + Ukraine produced 7.6 Mt, up 3.0%. South America produced 3.5 Mt, down 7.6%.

The 64 countries included in this table accounted for approximately 98% of total world crude steel production in 2021.

Regions covered by the table: Africa, Asia and Oceania, European Union (27), Eu-

rope, Middle East, North America, Russia & other CIS + Ukraine, South America.

Top 10 steel-producing countries China produced 95.7 Mt in March 2023, up 6.9% on March 2022. India produced 11.4 Mt, up 2.7%. Japan produced 7.5 Mt,

Table 1. Crude steel production by region

Table 2. Top 10 steel-producing countries

change mar % change jan-mar %jan-mar 2023(mt) mar 23/22 2023 (mt) 23/22

Africa Asia and Oceania

mar 2023 (mt)

% change mar 23/22

jan-mar 23 (mt)

% change jan-mar 23/22

6.9

261.6

6.1

1.4

8.4

3.7

-2.6

China

95.7

124.8

4.1

345.6

3.4

India

11.4

2.7

33.2

3.0

Japan

7.5

-5.9

21.6

-6.0

EU (27)

11.9

-5.6

33.1

-10.1

Europe, Other

3.5

-14.1

9.5

-18.3

Middle East

3.1

-17.5

8.9

-11.4

North America

9.3

-2.6

26.8

-4.1

Germany

Russia & CIS+ Ukraine*

7.6

3.0

21.4

-11.8

Brazil

South America

3.5

-7.6

10.3

-4.5

165.1

1.7

459.3

-0.1

Total 63 countries

down 5.9%. The United States produced 6.7 Mt, down 2.1%. Russia is estimated to have produced 6.6 Mt, up 0.4%. South Korea produced 5.8 Mt, up 1.9%. Germany is estimated to have produced 3.3 Mt, down 0.5%. Brazil produced 2.7 Mt, down 8.7%.

Türkiye produced 2.7 Mt, down 18.6%.

Italy produced 2.2 Mt, up 2.7%.

United States

6.7

-2.1

19.4

-4.0

6.6 e

0.4

18.7

-1.3

5.8

1.9

16.7

-1.5

3.3 e

-0.5

9.2

-5.8

2.7

-8.7

8.0

-6.8

Türkiye

2.7

-18.6

7.4

-21.5

Italy

2.2

2.7

5.6

-6.0

Russia South Korea

The 63 countries included in this table accounted for approximately 98% of total world crude steel production in 2020. Regions and countries covered by the table: Africa: Egypt, Libya, South Africa. Asia and Oceania: Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Korea, Taiwan (China), Vietnam. CIS: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. European Union (27). Europe, Other: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Norway, Serbia, Turkey, United Kingdom. Middle East: Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates. North America: Canada, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, United States. South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

46

Skillings.net | June 2023

2022 GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION TOTALS TOTAL WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION WAS 1,878.5 MT IN 2022, A 4.2% DECREASE COMPARED TO 2021.

Source – World Steel Association Rank Country

2022

2021

% 2022/ 2021

Rank Country

2022

2021

% 2022/ 2021

1

China

1 013.0

1 034.7

-2.1

22

Poland (e)

7.7

8.5

-8.6

2

India

124.7

118.2

5.5

23

Austria

7.5

7.9

-4.7

3

Japan

89.2

96.3

-7.4

24

Belgium (e)

6.9

6.9

0.4

4

United States

80.7

85.8

-5.9

25

Ukraine

6.3

21.4

-70.7

5

Russia (e)

71.5

77.0

-7.2

26

Netherlands

6.1

6.6

-7.2

6

South Korea

65.9

70.4

-6.5

27

United Kingdom

6.1

7.2

-15.6

7

Germany

36.8

40.2

-8.4

28

Pakistan (e)

6.0

5.4

10.9

8

Turkey

35.1

40.4

-12.9

29

Australia

5.7

5.8

-1.9

9

Brazil

34.0

36.1

-5.8

30

Thailand

5.3

5.5

-2.9

10

Iran

30.6

28.3

8.0

31

Bangladesh (e)

5.2

5.5

-5.5

11

Italy

21.6

24.4

-11.6

32

Argentina

5.1

4.9

4.5

12

Taiwan, China (e)

20.6

23.2

-11.2

33

Sweden

4.4

4.7

-5.9

13

Viet Nam (e)

20.0

23.0

-13.1

34

South Africa

4.4

5.0

-12.3

14

Mexico

18.2

18.5

-1.6

35

Czechia

4.3

4.8

-11.0

15

Indonesia (e)

15.6

14.8

5.2

36

Kazakhstan

4.1

4.5

-8.0

16

France

12.1

13.9

-13.1

37

Slovakia

3.9

4.9

-20.4

17

Canada (e)

12.0

13.0

-7.8

38

Finland

3.5

4.3

-18.5

18

Spain

11.5

14.2

-19.2

39

Algeria (e)

3.5

3.5

0.2

19

Malaysia (e)

10.0

9.1

10.0

40

United Arab Emirates

3.2

3.0

7.1

20

Egypt

9.8

10.3

-4.6

Others

37.2

39.5

-5.7

21

Saudi Arabia

9.1

8.7

3.9

World

1 878.5

1 960.4

- 4.2

e – annual figure estimated using partial data or non-worldsteel resources. * The world total production figure in this table includes estimates of other countries that only report annually.

Worldsteel Short Range Outlook April 2023

T

he World Steel Association (worldsteel) has released its Short Range Outlook (SRO) steel demand forecast for 2023 and 2024. worldsteel forecasts that this year, demand will see a 2.3% rebound to reach 1,822.3 Mt. Steel demand is forecast to grow by 1.7% in 2024 to reach 1,854.0 Mt. Manufacturing is expected to lead the recovery, but high

interest rates will continue to weigh on steel demand. Next year, growth is expected to accelerate in most regions, but deceleration is expected in China.

Commenting on the outlook, Mr. Máximo Vedoya, CEO of Ternium, and Chair of the worldsteel Economics Committee, said, “in 2022, recovery momentum after the pan-

demic shock was hampered by high inflation and increasing interest rates, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the lockdowns in China. As a result, steel-using sectors’ activity went down in the last quarter of 2022. This, combined with the effect of stock adjustments, led to worse than expected contraction in steel demand.

47

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