SKILLINGS MINING REVIEW APRIL 2024

www.skillings.net

Volume: 113. Issue.4. April 2024

22

The Surface Mining Industry

at the Forefront of ESG Innovation

32 Global Iron Ore Mining Evolution: Pioneering Sustainable Practices & Advanced Technologies

INSIGHTS FROM EXPERIENCED PROFESSIONALS ON

Leadership, Career Progression, & Industry Trends David Ernesto, Mukul Kumar Singh, Matt McClelland, and Claude Bisaillon.

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AEI 2024 sets the stage for Africa’s Sustainable Energy Future

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Australia: Net Zero Economy Authority Bill Introduced

Volume: 113. Issue.4. April 2024

The Surface Mining Industry at the Forefront of ESG Innovation

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Within the dynamic framework of the world economy, the surface mining sector is leading a revolutionary wave driven mainly by the pressing need to shift to clean energy.

David Ernesto, Mukul Kumar Singh, Matt McClelland, and Claude Bisaillon INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS Leadership, Career Progression, & Industry Trends

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Global Iron Ore Mining Evolution: Pioneering Sustainable Practices & Advanced Technologies

Iron Ore Futures Surge as Chinese Demand Grows: Ferrochrome & Consumer Demand Follow Suit

The iron ore mining industry embraces a new era of sustainability and innovation.

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Iron ore futures rallied for the second consecutive session, reaching their highest levels in nearly a week.

05 Magna Mining signs off-take agreement with Vale Canada 06 Zimbabwe’s Platinum Sector Faces Crisis Amid Plummeting Prices 07 Mining Training Companies and Mining Simulation Solutions 10 Metso opens largest service centre in Western Australia 16 CSIRO Calls on Australians to Participate in Major Mining Survey

20 Wits Mining Institute to unlock mining potential with short courses 21 Mayfair Gold Outlines Pre-Feasibility Study Plan 38 MinRes awards Wodgina contract to Indigenous business 39 Uncertainty Looms Over Canadian Mineral Exploration Amid Proposed AMT Changes

41 Sibanye-Stillwater’s Rhyolite Ridge Project Faces Funding Uncertainty 42 ARM Explores Strategic Options for Nkomati Nickel Mine 43 Gold Prices Soar to Record High 44 Golden Minerals stops mining at Velardeña two months after restart 46 Mining statistics 47 Steel Statistical Yearbook published

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Skillings.net | April 2024

Magna Mining signs off-take agreement with Vale Canada Magna Mining Inc. has announced the signing of a Definitive Off-Take Agreement with Vale Base Metals’ wholly-owned subsidiary Vale Canada for the advanced exploration portion of the Crean Hill Project in Ontario.

J

ason Jessup, CEO of Magna Mining stated, “We are extremely pleased to be able to announce the signing of the Definitive Off-Take Agreement with Vale. This Agreement is the culmination of several months of work with Vale and we are quite pleased with the outcome.

Additionally, the recent announcement of the filed Amended Closure Plan has Magna on track to have all the permits in

place to develop the ramp from surface, which will allow for underground test mining and set up for a future commercial production decision.”

Under the Agreement, initial production would be shipped to Vale’s Clarabelle Mill in Sudbury for processing. This includes material from the Main, Intermediate, 9400, 9400 Footwall and 101 Footwall zones. The 109 Footwall zone is exclud-

ed from the Agreement and is planned to be processed through an alternative mill with potentially increased precious metal recovery during the advanced exploration period.

In advance of negotiating the Agreement, Magna completed an extensive test programme at a third-party metallurgical facility using representative ore samples from the Crean Hill deposit.

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Nigerian Minister Directs New Marshals to Smoke Out Illegal Miners

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he newly activated Mining Marshal Corp, which currently has 2,220 personnel, is an inter-agency security outfit established to secure the mining environment. The Minister of Solid Minerals Development, Dele Alake, has directed mining new marshals drawn from the Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) to smoke out illegal miners and all those who flout the nation’s mining laws.

Mr Alake gave the directive while inaugurating the first batch of mining marshals drawn from the NSCDC to combat illegal mining. He said that 60 marshals have been specially trained and deployed to the 36 states across the federation and the Federal Capital Territory.

The minister said the newly activated Mining Marshal Corp, which currently has 2,220 personnel, is an inter-agency security outfit established to secure the mining environment.

According to the minister, the ministry plays a pivotal role in supporting the operations of the mine marshals to ensure their success. ‘Effective intelligence gathering through our state mines inspectorate, harnessing valid data of troubled mining areas and giving the requisite directives for precise operations are necessary factors for coordination of the activities of the marshals.

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Skillings.net | April 2024

Zimbabwe’s Platinum Sector Faces Crisis Amid Plummeting Prices Zimbabwe’s platinum industry is confronting a severe crisis as prices continue to plummet, leading major producers to consider widespread layoffs and operational downsizing.

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he industry, which plays a significant role in the country’s economy, is grappling with dwindling profits and global market challenges. Despite efforts to mitigate the impact, experts warn of potential mine closures unless urgent interventions are made.

Price Decline Threatens Zimbabwe’s Platinum Sector The platinum industry in Zimbabwe is facing unprecedented challenges as prices for Platinum Group of Metals (PGMs) experience a sharp decline. According to forecasts by the World Platinum Investment Council (WIPC), Zimbabwe’s platinum output is projected to decrease this year, with major producers such as Mimosa and Zimplats already announcing plans for workforce downsizing.

Industry Struggles Amid Global Economic Slowdown The downturn in Zimbabwe’s platinum sector mirrors a broader global trend of slowing demand and falling prices for PGMs. Factors such as geopolitical tensions, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict, have further exacerbated market instability. The Chamber of Mines of Zimbabwe highlights the urgent need for government intervention to address rising operational costs and safeguard the viability of mining projects.

Calls for Government Intervention Amid Export Revenue Decline With platinum constituting a significant portion of Zimbabwe’s export earnings, the decline in prices has substantial economic ramifications. Export earnings from the precious metal have dropped significantly in recent years, prompting industry stakeholders to urge the government to implement measures to reduce production costs and support struggling mining companies.

Future Outlook Amidst Industry Turmoil As the platinum industry navigates through turbulent times, stakeholders remain cautiously optimistic about the future. However, challenges persist, particularly with the automobile industry’s shift towards electric vehicles, which has contributed to reduced demand for catalytic converters. Despite these obstacles, efforts to streamline operations and pursue growth strategies are underway to ensure the long-term sustainability of Zimbabwe’s platinum sector.

Mining Training Companies and Mining Simulation Solutions

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trict rules and laws govern the mining sector in a number of areas, such as safety, site operations, and mining processes. Relevant mining training is vital to ensure workers and staff have the required skills and knowledge to complete operations successfully and safely.

Understanding the procedures, abiding by occupational health and safety (OHS) requirements, staying current with pertinent standards and technologies, and enhancing safety and risk management at a mine site are all made possible with the aid of training. Mining businesses are using simulation training more and more to train personnel remotely and cut

costs. Mining Technology has compiled a list of training and simulation solution providers based on its insights, knowledge, and vast experience in the industry.

Providers of operator training services, mine training courses, training simulators, mining simulation software, graphics programming and virtual models, and training consultancy services are included in the list.

Process trainers, mine safety and training managers, operator trainers, and training executives are the target audience for the material in the booklet available for download. To help you make a purchase,

the download includes comprehensive information on the suppliers and their product lines, along with contact details.

You can also find related buyer’s guides here, which cover a wide range of suppliers, manufacturers, and solutions for mining equipment.

In order to train operators in a safe, controlled virtual environment quickly and affordably, mining companies use simulators. Without physically being there, mining operators can acquire the necessary skills and become acquainted with the mine site.

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Navigating the Depths of Mining Engineering

The Vital Role of Consultancy Services IN THE REALM OF MINING, where complexities abound and risks loom large, the need for expert guidance and strategic management is paramount.

Mining companies, grappling with the challenges of developing and managing large-scale projects, are increasingly turning to consultancy services for specialized assistance.

These services, spanning project management, engineering, and financial expertise, serve as indispensable navigators, steering mining ventures towards success amidst a sea of uncertainties.

The Quest for Expertise Mining companies, in their pursuit of excellence, seek the expertise of seasoned consultants to navigate the intricate pathways of project development. From inception to execution, these consultants offer invaluable insights and solutions, ensuring projects stay on course and meet stringent standards of safety and profitability.

Strategic Partnerships The selection of mining consultancy partners is a critical decision, pivotal to the success of any venture. With an array of firms offering specialized services, mining companies often turn to trusted sources for recommendations.

Platforms like Mining Technology serve as beacons, spotlighting leading consult-

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Skillings.net | April 2024

ants armed with years of experience and a track record of excellence.

Multifaceted Services Consultancy services in the mining sector encompass a wide spectrum of offerings, tailored to address the myriad challenges encountered throughout the project lifecycle. From mineral exploration to environmental compliance, from geological modeling to financial modeling, these services form the bedrock upon which successful projects are built.

Engineering the Future At the heart of mining consultancy lies the fusion of technical prowess and strategic vision. Engineers, equipped with cutting-edge tools and expertise, play a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of mining projects. Their contributions

span the gamut, from conceptual design to operational optimization, ensuring efficiency and sustainability at every turn.

Financial Fortitude In an industry where capital reigns supreme, financial acumen is indispensable. Consultants adept in financial modeling wield data-driven insights to assess the economic viability of projects, mitigating risks and maximizing returns.

Their expertise serves as a compass, guiding stakeholders through the intricacies of investment decisions and asset valuation.

As the mining industry charts its course amidst evolving landscapes and shifting paradigms, the role of consultancy services stands as a beacon of guidance and expertise.

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Metso opens largest service centre in Western Australia

Metso has opened its biggest carrier centre globally in Karratha, Western Australia. The centre supports the developing demand of clients’ wishes, turning in more sustainable, state-of-the-art services.

Located in Pilbara, that’s a pinnacle supplier of iron ore and lithium in the world, the centre serves mining and aggregates customers with comprehensive renovation and repair answers. The inauguration ceremony become hung on 21 March 2024.

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he beginning of the brand new centre is an vital milestone and further evidence of our commitment to boost up strategic investments in serving customers from pit to port.

Strengthening our presence to offer elevated productiveness, shorter lead times, and environmental benefits, will permit us to take carrier skills and client revel in to the subsequent degree,” said Sami Takaluoma, President, Services Business Area, Metso.

downtime, Metso facilitates customers in achieving their environmental and safety objectives.

The Karratha Service Center, backed by using an investment totalling approximately €32 million (AUS$ fifty two million), spans a 35 000 m2 location, consisting of a workshop overlaying 5000 m2. Equipped with advanced facilities inclusive of excessive-ability cranes, CNC machines, a warmness remedy furnace, welding facilities, and meeting stations, this centre has received tremendous customer support.

“This is an extended-time period and big commitment to the Pilbara vicinity and the communities right here. We are extraordinarily pleased that our local clients are already expressing extensive interest and self assurance in our offerings.

The centre will be capable of provider a extensive variety of heavy mining system, which includes crushers, screens, generators, HIG mills, HPGRs, and vehicle dumpers, among others.

The centre additionally contributes to clients’ sustainability dreams. By extending the operating life of property, increasing strength and water performance, and minimising plant

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Further, through minimising the need for lengthy-haul freight among Perth and the Pilbara place, the centre reduces carbon emissions and offers faster get entry to to crucial spare elements. This no longer handiest benefits the surroundings, but also complements operational efficiency.

Metso has a enormous established base of device and a strong recognition in Asia Pacific; each day over 900 processing vegetation depend on Metso’s generation.

By making use of Metso’s provider understanding and understanding, authentic parts, specific materials, and OEM specifications, customers will attain good sized commercial enterprise and sustainability advantages,” added Stuart Sneyd, President, Asia Pacific, Metso.

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AEI 2024 sets the stage for Africa’s Sustainable Energy Future THE SIXTEENTH EDITION OF THE AFRICA ENERGY INDABA, convened below the topic “African Energy Transitioning from Aspiration to Action – Delivering a Sustainable and Prosperous Future,” concluded on a excessive be aware, marking a pivotal moment for the destiny of power in Africa.

Hosted in Cape Town, South Africa, this seminal occasion drew industry leaders, policymakers, and innovators from throughout the globe to address the multifaceted demanding situations of energy sustainability and accessibility in Africa.

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elivering the keynote cope with, the Honourable Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy for South Africa, Mr. Gwede Mantashe, furnished key insights into his authorities’s strategic imaginative and prescient for electricity.

The Africa Energy Indaba (AEI) also served as an impetus for fostering a collaborative environment, permitting stakeholders from numerous sectors to exchange ideas and shape partnerships. This collaborative spirit is critical for addressing the multipronged demanding situations of the energy area, capitalising on possibilities for sustainable development, and ensuring an inclusive power transition that benefits all communities.

Highlighting the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and the Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (IPPPP) as significant to diversifying the strength mix, Mr. Mantashe reaffirmed South Africa’s commitment to decreasParticipants from ing carbon emissions and enhancing throughout the globe garsustainability. nered worthwhile insights

into the complexities

The AEI 2024 not best represented a sizeable milestone inside the collective adventure in the direction of a sustainable energy future however additionally stood out as a powerful achievement by way of all measures.

A middle message from the conference and opportunities within turned into the emphasis on collaboraAfrica’s power zone via tion and innovation to conquer power a huge scope of discusIn addition, the event furnished a dypoverty and transition towards a low-carsions, workshops, and namic platform for networking, allowing bon destiny. By merging coverage inkeynote speeches. attendees to forge great contacts that sights and strategic initiative discussions, span continents and sectors. These inthe occasion underscored the important teractions, facilitated with the aid of the numerous structures function of sustainable financial growth, leveraging renewato be had at the AEI, have sparked partnerships poised to ble strength resources, and growing an investment-pleasant force innovation and development in the energy panoraweather to deal with energy demanding situations.

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Skillings.net | April 2024

The conference highlighted critical breakthroughs inside the continent’s strength adventure at the same time as also placing the stage for future initiatives, promising a horizon rich with possibilities for energy advancement, financial development, and environmental stewardship.

ma. The synergy of ideas and the convergence of numerous perspectives underpinned the Indaba’s position as a crucible for transformative answers, making it an unmissable occasion for absolutely everyone invested in Africa’s electricity future.

Looking beforehand, the AEI 2024 laid out a vision for a resilient and rich power future for the continent. With a strategic focus on gasoline and renewable electricity, the conference mentioned the exploration and development of herbal sources, which includes uranium and herbal gasoline, as key drivers for electricity security and monetary growth.

The capacity of fuel as a recreation-changer, coupled with the strategic position of nuclear power, presents a complete roadmap for Africa’s power region. In conclusion, this yr’s AEI has solidified a cooperative dedication to a sustainable and inclusive power destiny for Africa.

As the discussions from the AEI’s sixteenth edition pave the manner for actionable strategies and collaborative efforts, Africa stands getting ready to an power transformation that promises to redefine its economic landscape whilst ensuring no person is left at the back of within the transition to a low-carbon economy.

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13

FERROCHROME & CONSUMER DEMAND FOLLOW SUIT

Iron Ore Futures Surge as Chinese Demand Grows IRON ORE FUTURES RALLIED FOR THE SECOND CONSECUTIVE session, reaching their highest levels in nearly a week. The surge was propelled by increased interest in stockpiling in China, the world’s leading consumer of iron ore, driven in part by encouraging economic data.

I

Positive Economic Data Fuels Demand for Steel

This surge in iron ore prices has also influenced the prices of ferrochrome, with notable increases recorded. Additionally, Chinese consumer demand is on the rise, particularly in the online retail sector. Meanwhile, Japan’s economic landscape is experiencing a significant shift as the Bank of Japan moves away from negative interest rates after 17 years, aiming to stimulate economic growth.

Transaction volumes of iron ore at major Chinese ports surged by 66%, indicating increasing liquidity in the spot market.

Analysts predict a bottoming out of hot metal output and anticipate a rise in steel demand from the infrastructure sector in late March or early April.

ron ore futures rallied for the second consecutive session on Tuesday, reaching their highest levels in nearly a week.

The surge was propelled by increased interest in stockpiling in China, the world’s leading consumer of iron ore, driven in part by encouraging economic data.

Iron Ore Futures Reach Highest Levels in Nearly a Week Iron ore futures, a key indicator of global economic activity, soared to their highest levels since March 13. The most-traded May iron ore contract on China’s Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) climbed by 5.35%, closing at 827 yuan ($114.87) per metric ton.

Similarly, the benchmark April iron ore on the Singapore Exchange rose by 2.91% to $106.9 a ton. Analysts attribute this surge to growing fixed asset investment in China, which is expected to bolster steel demand.

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Official data released on Monday revealed a 4.2% expansion in fixed asset investment during the January-February period compared to the previous year, surpassing expectations. This growth is anticipated to support steel demand, prompting some mills to re-enter the market for portside cargoes.

Ferrochrome and Other Steelmaking Ingredients See Significant Price Increases

Transaction volumes of iron ore at major Chinese ports surged by 66%, indicating increasing liquidity in the spot market. Analysts predict a bottoming out of hot metal output and anticipate a rise in steel demand from the infrastructure sector in April.

In line with the rally in iron ore prices, other steelmaking ingredients experienced notable gains.

Chinese high carbon ferrochrome prices surged by around 2.9%, indicating a positive outlook for upcoming ferrochrome benchmark prices.

Meanwhile, coking coal and coke on the DCE registered increases of 3.59% and 2.49% respectively, reflecting the broader bullish sentiment in the steel industry.

Chinese Consumer Demand Surges in Online Retail Sector

The surge in iron ore futures to their highest levels in nearly a week reflects growing demand in China’s steel industry, fueled by positive economic indicators. This rally has also influenced the prices of ferrochrome and other steelmaking ingredients.

China’s online retail sector witnessed a remarkable upswing, with sales rising by 15.3% compared to the previous year. This surge in consumer demand, which exceeded analysts’ expectations, is expected to have a positive impact on advertising revenues for internet companies and signals a favorable shift in consumer behavior.

Moreover, Chinese consumer demand, particularly in the online retail sector, is on the rise, signaling a positive shift in the country’s economic landscape.

Bank of Japan Ends Era of Negative Interest Rates After 17 years, the Bank of Japan announced the end of its era of negative interest rates, raising the key interest rate slightly to between 0 and 0.1%. This move, motivated by significant wage

increases and aimed at revitalizing Japan’s stagnant economy, is expected to stimulate economic growth. The Nikkei 225 responded positively to the news, rising by almost one percent.

Additionally, Japan’s decision to move away from negative interest rates after 17 years aims to rejuvenate its stagnant economy, marking a significant development in the global financial markets.

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CSIRO Calls on Australians to Participate in Major Mining Survey Australia’s leading science agency, CSIRO, has initiated a groundbreaking mining survey in collaboration with data science company Voconiq.

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ustralia’s leading science agency, CSIRO, has initiated a groundbreaking mining survey in collaboration with data science company Voconiq. The nationwide study aims to delve into the attitudes and perceptions of Australians towards the mining industry in contemporary times.

The survey, open to all Australians, regardless of their affiliation with the mining sector, seeks to elicit insights into various facets of mining, including its economic significance, role in global development, and contribution to low emission technologies.

The CSIRO survey represents a concerted effort to engage with the Australian public and gain a comprehensive understanding of their views on the mining industry. Previous iterations of the survey conducted in 2014 and 2017 have provided valuable insights, guiding industry stakeholders and policymakers in navigating the complex dynamics of the mining landscape.

According to Rob Hough, CSIRO’s director of mineral resources, the survey serves as a crucial platform for fostering dialogue and shaping the future trajectory of the mining sector in alignment with community expectations.

As the world undergoes a transition towards sustainable energy solutions and low emission technologies, the role of mining assumes heightened significance. The survey aims to explore public perceptions regarding the pivotal role of mining in supplying essential materials for renewable energy infrastructure, global electrification efforts, and the broader energy transition agenda.

By soliciting input from a diverse cross-section of society, CSIRO endeavors to gain nuanced insights that will inform strategic decision-making and research initiatives in the mining domain.

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PhD research uncovers invisible gold resource

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tellenbosch University PhD graduate Dr Steve Chingwaru has uncovered what is potentially the world’s largest invisible gold resource. The geometallurgist’s findings could help unlock gold to the value of R450-billion “hiding in plain sight” in mine dumps around Johannesburg.

Historical mine waste from the Witwatersrand, called tailings, contains over six-billion tons of material with significant gold content, Chingwaru explains. The research for his master’s degree, which was upgraded to a PhD, aimed to calculate and characterise these gold reserves. He also explored ways to extract the gold efficiently while addressing environmental concerns related to the tailings, such as the release of acid mine drainage (AMD) owing to pyrite oxidation.

Invisible gold refers to minuscule particles locked inside other minerals, and Chingwaru is the first scholar to calculate that the six-billion tons of tailings around Johannesburg’s mines contain up to 460 t of gold.

“Historically, the low concentration of gold inside tailings was considered too low-grade to be of value. But now that extensive mining has depleted most of the high-grade concentration of gold, it’s becoming unfeasible to mine – some shafts are already reaching 4 km underground. Looking for gold in low-concentration sources is becoming more viable,” Chingwaru notes.

FloLevel Technologies

Australia

Net Zero Economy Authority Bill Introduced The Federal Government has introduced legislation to establish the Net Zero Economy Authority, which will act as an independent statutory body that sits within the Prime Minister’s portfolio. projects, creating new jobs, and transitioning into communities and skills.

Its duties will include: Promoting the public and private sector’s participation in emissions reduction and complete transformation in Australia, including collaborating with existing funds dedicated to investment Providing assistance to workers in industries that require emissions in order to gain access to new employment or improve their current employment,

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he Federal Government enacted legislation to create the Net Zero Economy Authority, this authority is considered an independent entity that is part of the Prime Minister’s portfolio.

The Net Zero Economy Authority aims to promote the benefits of a net zero economy for Australia’s workers and regions.

The body will promote a net zero transformation of the economy by catalyzing private and public investment in large

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Skillings.net | April 2024

The net zero transformation will be one of the most significant economic shifts since the Industrial Revolution.

The scale and significance of global efforts to reduce emissions will transform industries and economies. In Australia, this transformation will lead to major economic and workforce change.

Including a plan to assist with the transition of employees at the coal-fired power stations to new jobs. facilitating communities, including the First Nations, in taking part in and benefiting from the ecological shift to net zero emissions.

Disseminating information regarding the Australian government’s commitment to net zero, educating communities and providing a social license for the transition promoting consistency and coordination in government policy and programming. ” There is no country on earth that is better equipped to accomplish the energy transition at home, and to power it on the planet. ” Prime Minister Anthony

Albanese said this. We are home to every critical mineral and metal necessary to achieve net zero.

Our workforce is talented and appreciated, our safety standards are the highest in the world, and we have a proven history of producing and exporting energy and resources.

The “Net Zero Economy Authority” will have a significant impact on one of the most significant economic developments in Australian history, this will position the country as a leading energy source for the future. “We are dedicated to collaborating across jurisdictions, with regional communities and industries, and our international partners, in

order to achieve the goals of Australia’s net zero future.” CEO of Fortescue Metals, Dino Otranto, welcomed the news. “incorporating a specialist government agency at the core of skills development, investment coordination and economic planning is a wonderful addition to Australia’s longstanding climate policy design,” Otranto said.

“The regions of Australia, workers and large corporations will gain benefits from the global transition to green fuels, methods, and commodities. To seize these opportunities, Fortescue advocates the enactment of this legislation and expects to have a substantive relationship with the Net Zero Economy Authority once it’s created.

The government should be commended for taking a holistic approach to the energy transition that places Australia back at the forefront of climate mitigation.

The Authority will focus on supporting workers, communities, regions and industry to realise and share in the benefits of the net zero economy.

Through long-term, inclusive planning, the public’s faith in our transition to zero emissions will increase.

A Chief Executive Officer (CEO) will be responsible for day-to-day operations.

The CEO will be appointed by the responsible Minister.

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19

Kuda Tagwirei completely out of Kuvimba

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conomist and President Mnangagwa advisor Eddie Cross has said business mogul Kudakwashe Tagwirei left Zimbabwe’s biggest mining company Kuvimba Mining House (KMH).

In an interview with a local daily, Cross revealed that Kuda’s journey began with the fuel business, where he capitalized on sales and eventually secured a substantial share in the Zimbabwe-Mozambique fuel pipeline.

Cross said Tagwirei made considerable profits from these ventures, allowing him to diversify his portfolio into various properties and investments. Cross said Tagwirei made a strategic decision to channel his wealth into Kuvimba, a burgeoning enterprise with seven mines on its portfolio. Investing heavily in Kuvimba, Kuda played a pivotal role in its development and success.

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Wits Mining Institute to unlock mining potential with short courses The Wits Mining Institute (WMI), at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, will be hosting a number of dynamic programmes during 2024, to assist the local and global mining industry to come to grips with emerging challenges.

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he increasing use of mechanised and automated equipment at mine sites, as well as the ongoing focus on ESG and the need for spatial data, are some of the challenges the mining industry is facing. To address these topics and capitalise on opportunities, the WMI will work in collaboration with industry players to present short courses, equipping people to better tackle these challenges.

Speaking on the back of their first short course, titled ‘Fundamentals of Occupational Health and Safety in Practice’, offered to members of Sibanye Stillwater, WMI Director Professor Glen Nwaila highlighted that the Institute received only positive feedback from participants. Held during the week of 11th March, the course catered to mine health and safety practitioners, as well as executives from Sibanye Stillwater. “This was a fully attended course,” he noted, adding that participants called the course a ‘game-changer.’

“Kuda was Kuvimba. He took all the money he got from the fuel business, disposing of the sales, putting the pipeline back to NOIC because he had 50 per cent shares of the pipeline and NOIC bought him out.

“This is one of those unique undertakings where a university designs a course based on direct input, feedback and collaboration with the mining industry to solve the problems that the practitioners face. Participants lauded the program’s focus on professionalising safety practices and fostering greater awareness of safety issues in mining operations,” he said.

He made a lot of money and bought a lot of properties and put it into Kuvimba.

Now Kuvimba has been taken over by the National Wealth Fund (Mutapa Fund),” Eddie Cross said in the interview.

WMI believes the course will allow these practitioners to build their capacity and skills in the industry. Led by a seasoned Mine Health and Safety Practitioner, Mr Terence Parker and Dr Nelson Chipangamate, participants were exposed to cutting-edge methodologies and real-world case studies aimed at enhancing their competence in safeguarding mining operations.

Kuvimba has since undergone a significant transformation, being taken over by the National Wealth Fund, also known as the Mutapa Fund. Tagwirei’s investment into Kuvimba has seen the rise of the Shamva gold mine located 90km northeast of Harare.

“Through collaboration with industry leaders like Sibanye Stillwater, we are reshaping the landscape of mining education,” said Nwaila “These skills accelerator programmes represent a pivotal step towards enhancing safety practices and driving innovation in the mining sector.”Due to overwhelming demand, the WMI and Sibanye Stillwater have committed to offering these programmes on an annual basis, opening the course to the rest of the industry from 2025 onwards.

Skillings.net | April 2024

Mayfair Gold Outlines Pre-Feasibility Study Plan Mayfair Gold Corp. (Mayfair or the Company) has announced that its Board of Directors has approved advancing the 100% controlled Fenn-Gib gold project in the Timmins region of Ontario to the pre-feasibility study phase.

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uilding on the metallurgical, geotechnical, hydrogeological, and environmental evaluations that have already been completed, the company’s pre-feasibility study will create a well-defined project description that will support an environmental assessment.

To complete the pre-feasibility study, Mayfair has hired AGP Mining Consultants (AGP) to serve as the lead engineers

of a multidisciplinary team (AGP Group).

Initiation of the Fenn-Gib pre-feasibility study is a major milestone towards the potential development of the Fenn-Gib project.

Since acquiring Fenn-Gib approximately three years ago, Mayfair has increased the mineral resource by more than 70 percent and ongoing drilling continues to deliver encouraging results that are expected to further grow the resource.-

said Patrick Evans, President and CEO, Mayfair Gold Corp.

Patrick Evans added, “In 2023, Mayfair completed pre-feasibility level metallurgical, geotechnical, and hydrogeology studies to de-risk the project ahead of the pre-feasibility study. Three years of baseline environmental studies have also confirmed that there are no species at risk within the Fenn-Gib project area.

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Together, we power northeastern Minnesota’s economy.

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WITHIN THE DYNAMIC framework of the world economy, the surface mining sector is leading a revolutionary wave driven mainly by the pressing need to shift to clean energy.

The Surface Mining Industry at the Forefront of ESG Innovation

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Skillings.net | April 2024

The PwC Global Mine Report 2023 has thrown light on this key juncture, indicating that despite the challenges of growing prices and economic uncertainties, the top 40 mining companies managed to retain a consistent revenue of US$711 billion in 2022.

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his resilience is particularly striking against the backdrop of a world coping with the demands of climate change and the push for a net-zero future.

Central to this tale is the rising importance of essential minerals—elements indispensable for the manufacture of renewable energy systems, electric automobiles, and other pillars of the green transformation. The demand for these minerals is not only expanding; it is altering the industry's dynamics. Mining activity and deals are increasingly concentrated around these key resources, accounting for a large share of industry deal-making.

The stage is not merely occupied by traditional mining titans.

A new cadre of stakeholders, including governments and automobile corporations, are entering the fray, highlighting the

strategic importance of these minerals. Governments worldwide, understanding the dual imperatives of safeguarding their technical futures and promoting their ecological agendas, are taking bold efforts to assure access to these resources. This includes creating alliances, crafting favorable legislation, and even actively investing in mining operations.

The presence of vehicle manufacturers and other non-traditional actors into the mineral supply chain is a tribute to the changing times. As these corporations battle to protect their places in a future defined by electric mobility and sustainable technology, their involvement emphasizes the strategic relevance of essential minerals. This change is not without its problems. The mining industry, usually marked by periods of booms and busts, must now traverse a landscape filled with geopolitical tensions, environmental concerns, and the

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technical complexity of collecting and processing these crucial minerals. Furthermore, the industry's shift toward sustainability puts further pressure on mining businesses to innovate and adopt greener practices, even as they work to meet rising demand for vital minerals.

In response, the industry is seeing an influx of technology and innovation, ranging from better exploration techniques and more efficient processing procedures to the use of renewable energy sources in mining operations. The purpose is straightforward: to ensure the supply of vital minerals in accordance with the global imperative for environmental stewardship and sustainability.

Collaboration emerges as a key aspect in this unfolding plot.

The convergence of interests among governments, industry players, and even competitors suggests that collective action and alliances may pave the way for long-term mineral supply chains. Initiatives aimed at boosting traceability, expanding recycling capabilities, and promoting responsible sourcing methods are gaining pace, thanks to a shared understanding of the stakeholder groups.

This shift relies heavily on education and community engagement. Ensuring that the benefits of mining vital minerals are equally distributed and that environmental safeguards are in place necessitates a commitment to open dialogue and participatory decision-making. The industry's shift toward integrating digital technology and adopting circular economy concepts creates new opportunities for decreasing waste, increasing resource efficiency, and minimizing environmental impacts.

The PwC research captures this watershed moment in the mining industry, which has long been linked with extraction and exploitation but is now at the forefront of the shift to a cleaner, greener future. As the world works to achieve carbon neutrality, the This developing narrative surface mining industry's narrative is of the surface mining being rewritten, ushering in a new era defined by key minerals and the pursuit industry, outlined in the of sustainability.

PwC Global Mine Report This developing narrative of the surface mining industry, outlined in the PwC Global Mine Report 2023, is more than just a sectoral transformation; it symbolizes a fundamental realignment of global economic and environmental goals.

2023, is more than just a sectoral transformation; it symbolizes a fundamental realignment of global economic and environmental goals.

The effects of the industry's shift can be felt well beyond the mines and quarries that dot the landscapes across the world. They address the fundamentals of global supply chains, production paradigms, and, ultimately, consumer markets that drive the desire for cleaner, more sustainable products.

The route to a net-zero planet is surely a marathon, not a sprint. The mining industry's shift to crucial minerals is both a response to and a trigger for this transition. However, this path is riddled with obstacles.

The environmental impact of mining activities, the socioeconomic consequences for mining communities, and the geopolitical complexity surrounding mineral rights and access are all difficulties that necessitate novel solutions and collaborative initiatives.

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Skillings.net | April 2024

As we approach the start of a new age, the tale of the surface mining industry and its role in the clean energy transition continues to unfold. The PwC Global Mine Report 2023 provides a view into the future, outlining both the opportunities and difficulties that await.

With the appropriate combination of innovation, collaboration, and governance, the mining industry can play a critical role in creating a sustainable, net-zero world.

The surface mining industry doesn't just change with the times; it becomes a main character in the global quest for sustainability, pushing the clean energy transition forward with every ton of important minerals that are mined, processed, and sent to markets that need them so badly. The route ahead is complicated, but the goal is clear: a greener, more sustainable future for everybody.

As the mining industry moves toward a future dominated by digital and sustainable practices, a significant pattern emerges: an increase in the number of mergers and acquisitions. This consolidation is motivated by the necessity for strategic repositioning and diversification in an era dominated by energy transition and sustainability regulations.

According to a recent analysis, a large number of the top M&A acquisitions in the mining sector are in reaction to

customers' and shareholders' increased needs for portfolio diversification and sustainability. Another fascinating development is the industry's shift to greenfield exploration.

With the constant demand for metals and minerals, mining corporations are pushing into previously undiscovered or underexplored areas, ushering in a new era of discovery and the potential for new mineral resources.

A bar chart showing which ESG factors are facing the most scrutiny from investors in 2024, as chosen by the respondents to the survey.

Local community impact and tailings and waste management are the top two in this example.

Cloud computing is quickly becoming a critical component of modern mining operations. It improves data processing capabilities while also drastically reducing the demand for costly IT infrastructure.

This change not only reduces operational costs but also promotes improved collaboration throughout the supply chain by allowing remote access to critical mining data.

The industry's commitment to the circular economy is being demonstrated by increased recycling initiatives. By processing more recycled materials, companies like Glencore are not only meeting rising demand but also setting sustainability norms, demonstrating the sector's ability to balance economic goals with environmental responsibility.

Source: EY mining and metals business risks and opportunities survey data 2024.

Among these technical and strategic advancements, the emphasis on developing a more inclusive and diverse workforce in the mining sector is gaining traction.

Recognizing the necessity of building a culturally safe workplace demonstrates the industry's overall commitment to social responsibility and sustainability.

Building resilient supply chains has become a top priority, with AI and machine learning playing crucial roles in improving risk analysis and guaranteeing operational continuity in the face of a variety of threats.

The most important thing about these trends is that they all center on sustainability and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) factors.

A list of the top ten risks and opportunities for mining and metals companies in 2024 and, where they ranked in 2023.

To meet global climate targets, the mining industry is looking at new ways such as alternative fuels, asset electrification, and waste minimization. Leading mining corporations are already spearheading steps to achieve these goals, demonstrating the industry's dedication to a sustainable future. By embracing these technical advances and trends, the mining

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Tailings management remains a critical focus, fueled by investor interest and technological advancements toward more responsible management practices. Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) initiatives are gaining traction, reflecting a global trend toward workplace inclusivity.

Furthermore, the standardization of ESG reporting for capital markets is expected to transform voluntary sustainability reporting by bringing much-needed consistency and comparability.

As the industry moves forward, collaboration within the mining sector is deemed critical for addressing pressing issues and meeting sustainability targets. ESG imperatives are shaping the future, with external stakeholders increasingly influencing mining companies' approach to ESG priorities.

This includes pressure from activists, governments, customers, and a new generation of workers who expect companies to respond to ESG issues.

sector not only improves efficiency and safety, but also contributes considerably to the global agenda of sustainability and responsible resource management.

The trip ahead is fraught with obstacles, but also with enormous opportunity to reimagine mining's legacy in harmony with the world and its people.

The surface mining industry is facing challenging times, characterized by an unstable global order and economic instability. However, the industry is also ahead of the curve in terms of meeting Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) objectives, with significant progress expected by 2024.

The World Economic Forum's executive director predicts a year of conflicting narratives and instability, underlining the need of ESG imperatives.

Net-Zero Acceleration and biodiversity are among the top ESG topics for 2024, with climate change risk, decarbonization, and habitat loss taking center stage. There is a clear movement to reach Net-Zero promises that go beyond scope 1 and 2 emissions and include scope 3. The mining industry is rapidly adopting the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) guidelines, which seek to include nature into financial decision-making.

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Skillings.net | April 2024

The global pandemic has accelerated the transition to data, automation, and artificial intelligence, putting pressure on the mining and metals industries to overcome resistance to modernization. Adopting digital technologies is critical for increasing productivity and thriving in a new energy landscape.

Companies with higher ESG ratings are already outperforming the market, demonstrating the practical benefits of following ESG principles. This trend emphasizes the importance of ESG performance and transparency to investors and stakeholders alike.

Leading mining companies, such as Fortescue Metals and Boliden, are setting the standard for ESG excellence. Their strong position is due to their ability to effectively navigate ESG challenges, demonstrating the potential for long-term success in the mining industry through strategic ESG investments.

The emphasis on ESG in the mining industry reflects a larger commitment to sustainability, transparency, and social responsibility, laying the groundwork for a more sustainable future.

As the surface mining industry works toward a more sustainable future, meeting ESG standards is about more than simply risk reduction; it's about unlocking new sources of

value and innovation. The journey ahead requires bold action and a visionary approach that combines environmental stewardship, societal value, and governance excellence.

Transforming Challenges into Opportunities The imperatives of the energy transition are unsettling traditional value creation models in the mining sector, with a barrage of geopolitical, technological, capital, and human forces reshaping the industry landscape.

This transition provides both hazards and exceptional opportunity. Companies that can navigate these changes, particularly by integrating ESG principles into their core operations, stand to not only future-proof their businesses but also lead the sector into a new era of responsible mining.

Integrating Climate and Community Considerations Mining's impact on local climates and communities cannot be understated, necessitating a shift towards a do-no-harm model. As companies like Vale and Freeport-McMoran demonstrate, long-term mining interests must transcend financial goals to embody societal aspirations, fostering transparency and collaborative frameworks for decarbonization. This holistic engagement strategy is being ingrained in ESG benchmarks, challenging corporations to integrate their operations with broader environmental and social aims.

Geopolitical Dynamics and Resource Transition Critical metals like lithium and cobalt, essential for the energy shift, typically come from politically risky places.

This geopolitical complexity adds another layer to the ESG narrative, requiring mining companies to navigate supply chain challenges and foster cooperation even in challenging political landscapes. The industry's response, involving innovative battery designs and a reduced reliance on contentious materials, highlights a proactive stance towards geopolitical and environmental challenges.

digitalization and modernization is reflective of a broader trend towards innovation-driven sustainability.

The Path Forward The future of mining is obviously connected with ESG imperatives. As the sector evolves, teamwork, innovation, and a persistent commitment to environmental and social responsibility will be vital. The potential for the mining sector to contribute positively to the global sustainability agenda while unlocking new avenues for growth and wealth generation is considerable. With industry leaders already proving the benefits of a solid ESG framework, the stage is set for a transformative path towards a sustainable and profitable future for mining.

Through strategic collaboration, technical innovation, and a deep commitment to ESG principles, the surface mining industry is positioned to negotiate the difficulties of the 21st century, assuring resilience, sustainability, and long-term value creation.

COMPANIES WITH higher ESG ratings are already outperforming the market, demonstrating the practical benefits of following ESG principles.

This trend emphasizes the importance of ESG performance and transparency to investors and stakeholders alike.

Digitalization and Modernization as Catalysts for Change The global pandemic has expedited the industry’s embrace of digital technologies, from data analytics to AI and automation. This movement is more than just about operational efficiency; it is a deliberate move toward sustainability. By leveraging digital tools, the sector may increase efficiency, minimize its environmental impact, and better comply with ESG goals. The mining and metals sector's journey towards

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SKILLINGS MINING

CAREER SERIES

S K I L L I N G S R O U N D TA B L E Q & A D I S C U S S I O N

Insights from Industry Professionals: Leadership, Job Goals, and Navigating Career Paths In a recent Skillings roundtable Q&A discussion, five mining professionals with over a decade of experience each shared their insights on leadership, career development, and the future of the industry.

The participants included DAVID ERNESTO, MUKUL KUMAR SINGH, MATT MCCLELLAND, AND CLAUDE BISAILLON

David Ernesto SPECIALIST IN MINING SAFETY, RISK MANAGEMENT, & CRISIS MANAGEMENT David Ernesto, a specialist in Mining Safety, Risk Management, & Crisis Management, emphasizes leadership as indispensable due to the sensitive issues his field addresses.

Mukul Kumar Singh PRODUCT EXPERT IN COLD ROLLING,GALVANIZING, PREPAINTED STEEL INDUSTRY, MAGHREB STEEL, MOROCCO. Worked over 20 years in cold rolling steel industry in India & abroad.

Where I had worked in various fields of products like CR, Galvanizing , prepainted steel & steel pipe -tube. I had been visited major destinations of world site including USA, Canada,UK, EU, Russia, Thailand , Egypt ,Morocco & various gulf & African countries!!

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Skillings.net | April 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of professional industries, the path to success is paved with leadership skills, adaptability, and a keen understanding of the balance between work and life. A recent roundtable discussion brought together four seasoned professionals from various sectors to share their insights and experiences, offering valuable lessons for aspiring leaders and industry newcomers alike.

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Today, we gather insights from professionals across various industries, delving into the importance of leadership skills, the impact of formal education on career preparation, and the significance of aligning with company culture, among other topics. Let's hear from David Ernesto, Mukul Kumar Singh, Matt McClelland, and Claude Bisaillon on their career impressions, additional comments, and advice for the new generation.

Leadership Skills in Career Advancement

David Ernesto, a specialist in Mining Safety, Risk Management, & Crisis Management, emphasizes leadership as indispensable due to the sensitive issues his field addresses.

Similarly, Mukul Kumar Singh, a Product expert in the cold rolling, galvanizing, and prepainted steel industry, believes leadership experiences gained in

the industry can significantly elevate one's career.

Matt McClelland, General Manager at Dyer Quarry Inc., asserts that being a good leader is critical to operational success. In the same vein, Claude Bisaillon, a Senior Geotechnical Engineer, highlights leadership as very important.

Matt McClelland GM AT DYER QUARRY INC., BIRDSBORO, PA, UNITED STATES.

Experienced mining operations manager with a demonstrated history of excelling within a wide array of mining projects including large scale contract mining, green site development, mine expansion, processing plant management and reclamation.

The Role of Formal Education

While David Ernesto sees formal education as significantly extending career preparation, Mukul reflects on it as the "base bone" of his career.

Matt, however, presents a different perspective, noting that the lack of a bachelor’s degree initially limited his opportunities, but his track record of success eventually made up for it. Claude also views formal education as having widened his career preparation.

Claude Bisaillon SENIOR GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER AT DRA GLOBAL Senior Geotechnical Engineer with DRA Global in Montreal office. Worked on various mining and geotechnical projects for open pit mines in Alberta, British Columbia, Mongolia, DRC, Papua New Guinea, Nevada and South America while assuming multiple roles from core logger to project manager to Project Engineer.

Company Culture and Career Adaptation

All panelists agree on the importance of adapting to company culture. David notes the necessity of making it clear to employees about their responsibility to adapt or leave, highlighting the difficulty in molding individual culture.

Mukul emphasizes the impossibility of surviving without understanding a company's work culture.

Matt shares his approach of bringing in outsiders to help shift the company culture when necessary, while Claude mentions the unfortunate reality that new employees are often set on a specific career path and are not willing to adapt.

David advises young professionals to seek happiness and transcendence with respect for others, emphasizing the importance of showcasing the benefits of the mining industry. Mukul warns against the pitfalls of industry lobbying and encourages finding one’s passion. Matt discusses the challenge of bridging the

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culture gap between traditional and newer generations of workers, urging the industry to put action to their words.

Claude advises learning to adapt to downturns and to cherish the ability to do so.

NAVIGATING THE MINING INDUSTRY Perspectives from Seasoned Professionals 29

Improving Industry Image

David suggests making the results of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) efforts visible and promoting education around them to demystify mining. Mukul believes in avoiding lobbying and ensuring equal rights for all, regardless of sect, religion, or gender. Matt calls for the industry to move beyond talk and show real action. Claude emphasizes the importance of continuous education about the technological origins and contributions of the industry.

Our panelists underscore the multifaceted nature of career development, from the indispensable role of leadership and adaptability to company culture, to the broader challenges and responsibilities of improving industry image and fostering an inclusive environment.

Their experiences and advice offer a roadmap for young professionals navigating the complexities of their careers, highlighting the importance of personal growth, commitment, and ethical responsibility.

Continuing with the insights and discussions from our esteemed panelists, let's delve deeper into specific aspects of career development, leadership, and the future of industry practices.

THE PANELISTS UNANIMOUSLY agree on the significance of maintaining a proper life/work balance. David views it as vital, alongside self-motivation. When discussing promotion and the balance between technical and managerial skills, a consensus emerges on the importance of both skill sets, yet with nuanced views on their relative importance.

Promotion Paths and the Balance of Skills

The Importance of Job Goals and Career Planning

Our panelists shared varied perspectives on how job goals have evolved over time. David Ernesto noted that job goals are now more specific, requiring more effort for compliance, reflecting perhaps the increasing complexity and specialization within industries.

Mukul Kumar Singh believes that job descriptions and goals are clearer today than in the past, a sign of the evolving clarity in career pathways. Matt McClelland, however, feels that with the advent of social media and internet exposure, career goals have become broader and less specific, suggesting a diversification of career aspirations among professionals.

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Skillings.net | April 2024

When discussing promotion and the balance between technical and managerial skills, a consensus emerges on the importance of both skill sets, yet with nuanced views on their relative importance. David argues that while both technical and managerial skills are necessary, individual culture is very difficult to mold, emphasizing the adaptability to company culture as crucial.

Mukul advocates for a balance between technical and managerial skills, noting that the level of importance may vary depending on the position. Matt shares that in his experience, management skill promotion is more common, yet technical knowledge remains crucial. Claude leans towards a heavier emphasis on managerial skills, highlighting the necessity of leadership in his role.

Promotion Paths and the Balance of Skills

Concluding their insights, our panelists offer invaluable advice to the next generation. David encourages seeking transcendence and making meaningful impacts with respect for others. Mukul emphasizes self-belief, goal-setting, and pursuing passion. Matt advises bridging generational gaps and creating inclusive environments for success. Claude suggests embracing adaptability and cherishing the journey.

Life/Work Balance and Career Satisfaction

The panelists unanimously agree on the significance of maintaining a proper life/work balance. David views it as vital, alongside self-motivation. Mukul stresses that without a balanced life, maintaining work life becomes challenging.

Matt believes that as one climbs the career ladder, this balance becomes increasingly important to avoid being consumed by work-related problems.

From leadership skills and career planning to addressing industry challenges and fostering an inclusive, balanced professional life, our panelists provide a comprehensive roadmap for navigating the complexities of modern careers.

Their shared experiences and wisdom not only illuminate the path for aspiring professionals but also contribute to the ongoing dialogue on improving industry practices for a more equitable and sustainable future.

Claude reflects on personal regrets, missing significant family milestones, underscoring the importance of balance for career satisfaction and personal well-being.

Facing Challenges and Envisioning the Future

David Ernesto highlights the challenge of demonstrating the benefits of the mining industry, emphasizing the importance of promoting ESG results and education. Mukul Kumar Singh addresses the issue of industry lobbying and discrimination, advocating for equality and integrity.

Matt McClelland identifies the culture gap between generations as a critical challenge, stressing the need for operational transparency and genuine commitment. Claude Bisaillon advises professionals to adapt to downturns and appreciate the dynamic nature of their industries.

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Global Iron Ore

 Mining Evolution

Pioneering Sustainable Practices & Advanced Technologies The iron ore mining industry embraces a new era of sustainability and innovation.

Pilbara, Gudai-Darri Project, steel beam rail bridge, Australia photo: riotinto.com

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Skillings.net | April 2024

FROM AUTONOMOUS machinery enhancing safety and efficiency to groundbreaking commitments to renewable energy, we explore how these developments are shaping the future of mining, marking a significant shift towards environmentally friendly and technologically advanced operations.

Rio Tinto's Gudai-Darri mine in Western Australia has set a new standard for the mining sector with its innovative use of technology and commitment to sustainability. The mine, which will be officially inaugurated in June 2022, represents the cutting edge of Rio Tinto innovation, demonstrating a suite of sophisticated technology and processes aimed at improving safety, efficiency, and environmental stewardship.

Gudai-Darri's technical innovations revolve upon autonomous haul trucks and drills, which are aimed to improve operating efficiency and safety. The mine employs 23 CAT 793F autonomous haul trucks and three CAT MD6310 autonomous drills, with real-time ore tracking and data-driven modeling used to optimize mining operations.

These improvements are part of a larger plan to automate and digitize the mining process in order to reduce human exposure to dangerous circumstances while increasing output.

Gudai-Darri is also home to the world's first autonomous water carts, developed in collaboration with Caterpillar. These carts are used to suppress dust on-site, with clever technologies that detect dry and dusty conditions and automatically apply water to maintain road conditions. This feature not only increases productivity by keeping mine operations running smoothly, but it also helps to conserve water by efficiently monitoring its consumption.

The mine's iron ore sample facility uses modern robots to test ore grades quickly and accurately. This automation ex-

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tends to the heavy mobility equipment (HME) warehouse, where self-guided vehicles handle pallet frames, decreasing manual handling and boosting safety. Gudai-Darri has also produced a rotable bucketwheel reclaimer, which improves maintenance efficiency and safety by allowing the complete bucket wheel module to be replaced for maintenance.

Gudai-Darri's operations are also built on digital innovation, which includes the utilization of digital twins and real-time, paperless monitoring. Tablets allow mine operators and workers to access current information, improving communication and operational efficiency.

The digital twin of the processing plant enables a highly detailed and interactive 3D environment for virtual reality training, improving safety and productivity. These technologies aim to create a safer working environment in addition to streamlining operations.

Sustainability is at the heart of Gudai-Darri's operational strategy, with a strong emphasis on renewable energy. The mine's solar farm business aims to use renewable energy to power a significant amount of its activities, with a goal of meeting 65% of the mine's average electricity demand.

This project will help to considerably reduce the mine's carbon footprint.

Gudai-Darri signifies a shift toward more environmentally friendly, efficient, and safe mining operations. It serves as a prototype for the mine of the future, combining technological innovation and environmental responsibility to set new norms in the mining sector.

The Gudai-Darri mine continues to set the standard for innovative technology use, highlighting Rio Tinto's overall Mine of the Future plan. This strategy supports the company's aim to connect all areas of the mining value chain through automation and digitization, hence increasing recovery methods, efficiency, and safety. Gudai-Darri's holistic strategy, which includes autonomous trucks and digital monitoring systems, establishes a new benchmark in the mining industry for integrating technology to provide safer, more efficient, and ecologically responsible operations.

The mine's activities are more than just harnessing technology for operational improvements; they also demonstrate a strong commitment to sustainability and community participation. Rio Tinto has worked closely with the land's traditional owners, the Banjima and Yindjibarndi People, to

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Skillings.net | April 2024

ensure the mine provides considerable social and economic advantages. This collaboration is critical, showing the industry's changing approach to recognizing and working with indigenous populations.

The installation of a solar farm, as well as the planned development of a one-gigawatt solar and wind farm, demonstrate Rio Tinto's commitment to leading in sustainability. These renewable energy sources are critical in minimizing the mine's carbon emissions and contribute to Rio Tinto's goal of considerably reducing its environmental impact. The solar farm alone is estimated to meet 65% of the mine's typical electricity demand, demonstrating the potential for renewable energy in large-scale mining operations.

Gudai-Darri's technology and sustainability initiatives establish it as a model for future mining ventures worldwide.

The mine's effective integration of autonomous technology, digital systems for real-time monitoring, and a dedication to renewable energy and community partnerships demonstrates the mining sector's ability to innovate while improving safety, efficiency, and environmental stewardship. As the industry looks to the future, Gudai-Darri exemplifies what is possible when technology and sustainability are valued.

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THE SIMANDOU IRON ORE Project in Guinea, described as the world's largest undeveloped high-grade iron ore deposit, has made substantial progress toward development. The Guinean government, Rio Tinto, and the Winning Consortium Simandou (WCS) have entered into a cooperative development agreement for this gigantic project, which is expected to reshape the global iron ore supply landscape.

The project is significant because it has the potential to add nearly 5% to the worldwide supply of seaborne iron ore, making it the world's largest and highest-grade new iron ore mine. Rio Tinto hopes to start infrastructure work on the Simandou project in 2024, after nearly three decades of obstacles.

The first finance requirement for the project's development is approximately $11.6 billion, demonstrating its immense scale. Rio Tinto's blocks are expected to begin production over a 30-month period beginning in 2025, with a yearly capacity of 60 million tonnes.

A major component of the project is the development of a 600-kilometer multi-purpose and multi-user railway and port infrastructure, which is required for delivering iron ore from the mine to worldwide markets. This TransGuinean railway route, which is scheduled to be finished in 2024, will require the building of 235 bridges and more than 24 kilometers of tunnels, demonstrating the project's lofty infrastructural aims.

A important milestone was reached in February 2024, when the Guinean government, Rio Tinto, and WCS agreed to a cooperative development arrangement. This deal is critical to

the project, which is expected to cost around $US6.2 billion to develop blocks 3 and 4 of the Simandou mine, as well as the accompanying rail and port infrastructure.

Furthermore, a framework agreement agreed in March 2022

by Guinea, Rio Tinto, and other partners, including the Aluminium Corp of China (Chinalco) and the Chinese-backed SMB-Winning consortium, represents a significant step toward settling earlier infrastructural problems.

This deal specifies the construction of a 670-kilometer railway from the Simandou site to a new deepwater port, at a cost of approximately $15 billion. The development of this infrastructure will greatly improve Guinea's mining and transportation capacities.

The Simandou Iron Ore Project is more than just a mining operation; it's a game-changing economic effort with far-reaching consequences for Guinea and the worldwide iron ore market. Its development emphasizes the necessity of international cooperation and investment in establishing long-term, high-capacity mining operations.

With the development of the Simandou Iron Ore Project, Guinea is on the verge of becoming a key player in the global iron ore market. This enormous project is more than just a mining operation; it represents substantial economic progress for Guinea and has the ability to reshape the country's infrastructure and economic landscape.

The Guinean government, Rio Tinto, and the Winning Consortium Simandou formed a joint venture to create the infrastructure for the Simandou project, demonstrating the project's huge scope and potential. The alliance seeks to build more than 600 kilometers of rail infrastructure and port facilities, representing one of Guinea's greatest investments in history.

This project has received attention not just for its potential to deliver high-quality iron ore to the worldwide market, but also for its implications for the steel industry's decarbonization efforts.

High-grade ore from Simandou is expected to minimize the quantity of ore required in the blast furnace process, cutting carbon emissions. This element is consistent with the global trend for more sustainable industrial processes, establishing Simandou as a vital contributor to green steelmaking methods.

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The Simandou Iron Ore Project also demonstrates the value of international collaboration in large-scale mining projects. The initiative, which involves China, the UK-Australia mining giant Rio Tinto, and the Guinean government, is an excellent illustration of how cross-border collaboration may achieve mutual economic and environmental goals.

The involvement of Chinese steelmakers, who are among the project's key stakeholders, underscores the global nature of the iron ore market and the steelmaking industry's international ties.

When completed, the Simandou project is expected to have a revolutionary influence on Guinea, producing thousands of employment and promoting economic development outside the mining sector.

The infrastructure created by this project will help numerous sectors of the Guinean economy, improving trading capacity and accessibility within the region. Furthermore, the project has the potential to greatly increase Guinea's GDP while also contributing to long-term sustainable growth.

To put it simply, the Simandou Iron Ore Project exemplifies the complexity and opportunities of modern mining projects.

Its development is a major endeavor that requires overcoming logistical hurdles, securing big financing, and navigating international alliances.

However, the economic and environmental benefits might be significant, establishing a new benchmark for future mining ventures globally.

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FORTESCUE METALS GROUP HAS MADE a significant step toward sustainable iron production by approving a $50 million investment to build a Green Iron Trial Commercial Plant at its Christmas Creek mine in Western Australia.

This effort marks a big step forward in the company's quest toward green iron production, with green hydrogen infrastructure currently in place at Christmas Creek to support this novel process. Beginning in 2025, the factory plans to generate more than 1,500 tonnes of green iron per year and will investigate technology alternatives for both magnetite and hematite ores.

The project is part of Fortescue's overall aim to reduce carbon emissions in its operations and the iron and steel industry. It is not only about shifting to renewable energy, but also about creating new standards for iron production, which is vital to the world economy. This program may also encourage additional innovation and investment in green technologies throughout the economy.

 In addition to the Christmas Creek project, Fortescue is increasing its commitment to green energy with initiatives such as the Gladstone PEM50 project in Queensland. This 50-megawatt green hydrogen facility, which is planned to start production in 2025, demonstrates the company's commitment to developing

36

Skillings.net | April 2024

industrial-scale hydrogen generation capabilities. With a projected expenditure of $228 million, the Gladstone project is another critical component of Fortescue's green energy plan.

These projects demonstrate Fortescue's proactive attitude to adopting new technologies and moving away from fossil fuels. By investing in green iron and hydrogen generation, Fortescue hopes to not only reduce its environmental effect but also open up new, high-value markets, ultimately boosting the amount of iron units sold. This strategy puts Fortescue as a leader in the industry's transition to more sustainable and responsible mining practices.

Fortescue's pioneering effort to build a Green Iron Trial Commercial Plant at Christmas Creek is a strategic move that aligns with the global trend toward more environmentally friendly industrial operations. The $50 million investment in this initiative marks a tangible step toward decreasing the environmental effect of iron manufacturing.

By utilizing green hydrogen, this effort promises to create approximately 1,500 tons of green iron per year beginning in 2025, demonstrating the potential for renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels in heavy industries.

This initiative, along with the Christmas Creek plant, underlines Fortescue's desire to be a leader in the production of green iron and hydrogen, thereby setting new standards for the mining and metals industries.

Fortescue's effort extends beyond decreasing its own carbon impact. By pioneering green iron manufacturing, the company hopes to influence the larger industry, driving growth through the introduction of innovative, high-value goods in new markets.

The Christmas Creek green iron project, which is part of Fortescue's overall green energy and metals strategy, demonstrates the company's proactive attitude to the transition to green energy. It demonstrates how industrial processes, particularly those with large carbon footprints, such as iron manufacturing, can progress toward sustainability.

This forward-thinking strategy not only predicts the growing demand for ecologically responsible raw resources, but it also puts Fortescue at the forefront of the industry's transition to sustainability.

The successful completion of these projects could spur additional investments in green technologies across the sector, providing a model for other enterprises to follow.

Fortescue Metals Group's initiatives are representative of a rising trend in the mining and metals industry to adopt cleaner, more sustainable production processes. As the world's attention shifts to climate change and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, initiatives like the Christmas Creek Green Iron Trial Commercial Plant are critical steps toward a greener future. They not only show the feasibility of such changes, but also emphasize the importance of innovation and leadership in molding the future of industrial production.

In addition to Rio Tinto's efforts, the sector has witnessed substantial progress toward sustainability. For example, Anglo American's acquisition of the Serra da Serpentina iron ore reserve in Brazil,

The Christmas Creek green iron project, which is part of Fortescue's overall green energy and metals strategy, demonstrates the company's proactive attitude to the transition to green energy. It demonstrates how industrial processes, particularly those with large carbon footprints, such as iron manufacturing, can progress toward sustainability.

Furthermore, the effort compliments Fortescue's green energy portfolio, including the Gladstone PEM50 project.

37

while not mentioned in the listed sources, exemplifies the industry's pursuit of resource expansion with a focus on sustainable development.

While specifics about this acquisition were not disclosed in recent reports, Anglo American's global portfolio and known commitment to sustainable mining practices indicate that such an expansion is consistent with broader industry trends toward responsible resource management and environmental stewardship.

Furthermore, the industry's focus on building green iron production hubs and implementing emissions-reduction technology represents a concerted effort toward a more sustainable future. These activities are critical, given the iron and steel industry's huge environmental footprint, which has historically relied on coal and other fossil fuels for smelting processes.

Strategic alliances between mining behemoths like Rio Tinto and governments, as well as cooperation with other industry leaders, demonstrate a substantial shift. The sector understands the need of lowering its carbon footprint and the potential for green technologies to transform manufacturing processes. By investing in decarbonization technology and

green manufacturing hubs, the mining industry not only reduces its environmental effect but also positions itself to satisfy the growing demand for sustainable resources required for the green economy.

These changes in the industry, ranging from government-funded projects to corporate investments in green technology, show a greater realization of the critical need for environmental sustainability in the mining sector. As these projects proceed, they will most likely serve as models for innovation and sustainability, motivating other advancements and collaborations targeted at lowering the environmental implications of resource extraction and processing.

The industry's transition to sustainability is taking place on numerous fronts, from the development of green smelting technologies to strategic acquisitions aimed at growing resource bases while keeping sustainability in mind. These efforts, motivated by governmental pressure, market demand for greener products, and a real corporate commitment to environmental stewardship, signal a watershed point in the industry's history. As these programs progress, they provide encouraging views into a future in which the mining and metals industry may continue to support the global economy while drastically reducing its environmental impact.

MinRes awards Wodgina contract to Indigenous business

M

ineral Resources (MinRes) has awarded a five-year contract to Buru Rehab, an Indigenous-owned business that provides professional mine rehabilitation and earthwork services.

The contract concerns road maintenance, dust mitigation, civil earthworks, load and haul, rehabilitation and general site maintenance works at the Wodgina lithium mine in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.

Buru Rehab is owned by George Todd, a Traditional Owner of the Country in which the Wodgina mine is located.

“Employing Indigenous people to work on mine sites and be proactively engaged

38

Skillings.net | April 2024

in rehabilitation of country, enables quality outcomes for our people and our Country,” Todd said.

“Along with civil works, Buru Rehab will undertake rehabilitation for MinRes’ exploration and mining activities, restoring the land and supporting it for future uses.” The contract will see Buru Rehab employ an additional 12 people, bolstering MinRes’ workforce to include more than 65 per cent Indigenous people.

Buru Rehab is also committed to offering traineeships for local Indigenous people, with a traineeship program that is designed to support each individual

and provide them with an introduction to mining, while providing flexible working conditions which support individual commitment to culture and family.

MinRes general manager communities and heritage Heath Nelson said the contract will provide subcontracting opportunities for other Indigenous owned businesses.

“We’re pleased that Buru Rehab is providing subcontracting opportunities for other Indigenous owned businesses, giving them security to invest in their own machinery and equipment,” Nelson said.

Uncertainty Looms Over Canadian Mineral Exploration Amid Proposed AMT Changes THE CANADIAN MINERAL EXPLORATION sector faces a cloud of uncertainty as the government deliberates over proposed changes to the alternative minimum tax (AMT) rules.

T

he Canadian mineral exploration sector faces a cloud of uncertainty as the government deliberates over proposed changes to the alternative minimum tax (AMT) rules. Spearheaded by PearTree Canada Founder and CEO Ron Bernbaum, concerns have been raised about the potential fallout from these alterations, particularly their impact on critical mineral exploration and charitable giving within the industry.

AMT Threatens Mineral Exploration Investments Ron Bernbaum’s assessment highlights a grim reality: investments exceeding $300 million annually in mineral exploration could be lost if Ottawa implements the new AMT rules outlined in Budget 2024.

According to Bernbaum, such changes would translate to a significant decline in exploration finance, with potential ramifications for Canada’s ambitious climate goals requiring critical minerals.

The Role of Flow-Through Shares Flow-through shares (FTS) have long been a cornerstone of Canadian min-

eral exploration financing, attracting high-income investors with tax incentives. However, with the proposed AMT adjustments, the accessibility and appeal of FTS investments could dwindle, posing a significant challenge to the sector’s funding landscape.

Case Studies Highlight Vulnerability Case studies, such as Osisko Mining’s experience in Quebec, underscore the pivotal role FTS financing plays in major exploration projects. The Windfall project’s reliance on FTS for non-dilutive capital underscores the potential impact of dwindling investor interest due to AMT uncertainties.

Charitable Giving at Risk Beyond mineral exploration, proposed AMT changes also threaten charitable giving within the industry.

PearTree’s innovative approach to combining FTS and charitable donations faces jeopardy, as the proposed rules could hinder donors’ ability to utilize tax credits effectively, impacting major gifts to public charities, including healthcare institutions.

Advocacy and Recommendations PearTree’s advocacy efforts have focused on advocating for amendments to the proposed AMT rules, including the removal of tax credits on donations from AMT calculations and retaining the 0% inclusion rate for capital gains on securities donations. With the budget release imminent, industry stakeholders await clarity and action from Ottawa to address these pressing concerns.

Government Response and Industry Outlook While the government has acknowledged the need to modernize the AMT, concerns persist regarding the potential fallout for mineral exploration and charitable giving.

As industry players await the budget release on March 19, the urgency to reconsider AMT reforms grows, with stakeholders emphasizing the need to align policy decisions with Canada’s economic and environmental objectives.

The impending changes to AMT regulations have cast a shadow of uncertainty over Canada’s mineral exploration sector, threatening vital investments and charitable contributions. With industry stakeholders awaiting clarity from Ottawa, the need for nuanced policy adjustments to safeguard exploration finance and philanthropic endeavors remains paramount in ensuring Canada’s continued leadership in the global mining landscape.

39

Major new gigafactory fuel cell thrust enlivening demand outlook for platinum A predominant new gas cellular thrust in North America is enlivening the outlook for platinum and supporting the world boost similarly alongside the road to net zero.

E

mphasising that the advancement of the hydrogen economy can considerably move the needle against climate alternate, North American inexperienced mobility enterprise Ballard is setting out to make investments $a hundred and sixty-million – internet of presidency offers – to construct a brand new manufacturing facility so as to have the manufacturing capability equal of three gigawatts of gasoline cells a yr.

The proton trade membrane (PEM) fuel cell products developer and manufacturer is taking off to be able to produce eight-million membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), 8-million bipolar plates, 20 000 gasoline cell stacks, and up to twenty 000 gasoline cellular engines a year.

Future levels are expected to further increase production scaling and potential expansion with an awful lot lower capital necessities.

Of the whole $40-million worth of presidency presents, $30-million pertains to advanced PEM MEAs and automated stack assembly, and $10-million to a subsequent-era flexible graphite bipolar plate manufacturing line.

FOR THE GAIN OF DESTINY

generations, the people of the sector are responsibility certain to collaborate to set up an holistic method to decarbonisation, in which PGMs and green hydrogen have the ability to play the maximum holistic function whilst as compared with all different options.

Expected authorities presents will assist the construction and construct-out of the integrated fuel mobile production gigafactory of the zero-emission PEM gasoline cells that allow the smooth and inexperienced electrification of mobility inside the shape of buses, vehicles, trains, marine vessels, and stationary electricity.

PEM gas cells are catalysed by way of platinum and call for for platinum from stationary gas cells and electrolysers is ready to upward thrust by means of extra than one hundred twenty%, in step with the calculations of the World Platinum Investment Council. Ballard Power Systems has introduced that it has obtained authorities notification that

40

Skillings.net | April 2024

its applications for 2 presents totalling $40-million, which are below a clean hydrogen electrolysis, manufacturing, and recycling programme had been decided on and encouraged for negotiation of economic awards.

These authorities offers had been offered to enforce provisions of a felony infrastructure framework, which affords for the award of $750-million for clean hydrogen electrolysis, production and recycling.

Ballard has also implemented for additional investment under other government investment programmes, which is supporting to allow price-competitive solutions at scale.

“With an increasingly optimistic policy environment and developing patron interest, it’s miles important to invest in this modern production line,” Ballard leader transformation officer Dr Lee Sweetland commented.

“We’ve been running difficult to broaden subsequent-generation, computerized production tactics for MEAs, bipolar plates, and stack meeting to meet anticipated destiny marketplace call for, at the same time as extensively riding down the value of fuel mobile engines,” Sweetland brought.

O3 Mining sells Louvem task in Quebec to Eldorado

Q

uébec-targeted gold explorer O3 Mining (TSXV: OIII; OTCQX: OIIIF) announced Monday it has bought its Louvem assets to a subsidiary of Eldorado Gold (TSX: ELD) for cash consideration of $eighty,000 and the retention of a zero.5% net smelter return (NSR) royalty.

Québec-targeted gold explorer O3 Mining (TSXV: OIII; OTCQX: OIIIF) announced Monday it has bought its Louvem assets to a subsidiary of Eldorado Gold (TSX: ELD) for cash consideration of $eighty,000 and the retention of a zero.5% net smelter return (NSR) royalty.

The Louvem assets includes 12 mining claims and is located 5 km east of Malartic, Que. The mission became initially obtained along side the Regcourt belongings below a March 2020 buy agreement with Monarch Mining (TSX: GBAR).

O3 first obtained a 50% interest inside the Louvem assignment by issuing four,546 commonplace stock and granting Monarch a zero.Five% NSR royalty, and then obtained the remaining 50% by using paying $10,000 coins. The NSR has a buyback of $three hundred,000. Eldorado will now anticipate the responsibility of this royalty.

As for the NSR royalty retained through O3, Eldorado is granted the proper to repurchase 1/2 of that (same to a zero.25% NSR hobby) from O3 for an instantaneous price of $250,000, to be paid in a lump sum. The sale presents O3 with additional budget to strengthen its portfolio of gold exploration assets in Val-d’Or, which span more than 650 km2.

Sibanye-Stillwater’s Rhyolite Ridge Project Faces Funding Uncertainty Sibanye-Stillwater’s ambitious Rhyolite Ridge project in the US has hit a roadblock amidst uncertainties surrounding its funding and eligibility for benefits under the country’s recently redrafted Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). Despite challenges, the company remains optimistic about the project’s viability.

S

ibanye-Stillwater’s ambitious Rhyolite Ridge project in the US has hit a roadblock amidst uncertainties surrounding its funding and eligibility for benefits under the country’s recently redrafted Inflation Reduction Act (IRA).

Despite challenges, the company remains optimistic about the project’s viability.

The IRA, aimed at promoting domestic production of critical minerals and reducing reliance on imports, has faced criticism for its potential economic costs and political opposition. Critics argue that tax benefits and subsidies may exacerbate budget deficits, with estimates suggesting significant underestimations of the associated expenses.

A crucial aspect of the IRA’s latest draft is the exclusion of ‘rock-breakers,’ favoring companies involved in metal refining. Sibanye-Stillwater’s CEO, Neal Froneman, contends that this interpretation deviates from the Act’s intended purpose of securing critical metals within the US and ensuring robust supply chains. The company is actively advocating for revisions to rectify this issue.

Despite uncertainties surrounding IRA benefits, Sibanye-Stillwater asserts that the Rhyolite Ridge project remains economically feasible. While acknowledging that IRA benefits could enhance project economics, Froneman emphasizes the necessity of conducting thorough financial assessments to attract investor support.

Sibanye-Stillwater’s financial position has come under scrutiny, with concerns about its balance sheet and funding obligations for multiple projects. The company, grappling with net debt and subdued metal prices, faces the challenge of raising additional finance, particularly amidst ongoing cost-cutting initiatives and the need for further reductions.

As Sibanye-Stillwater navigates its financial commitments, the Rhyolite Ridge project’s funding requirements loom large. The company is obligated to contribute $490 million for a 50% stake in the project once permits are secured, with project founder Ioneer retaining the remaining ownership.

41

Hoses & Pipes for the Mining Industry

I

ncreasing demand for high-performance equipment and variety of machines in the mining industry calls for flexible cable solutions.

Cables are used for the power supply of mining equipment such as excavators and material handling equipment while pipes are used to transport material such as ore, minerals, slurry, water and chemicals.

Poor management of cables and hoses can impact production and lead to safety-related issues at the mine site.

Selecting the right cables, hoses, and pipes improves the operational efficiency of underground and open-pit mining operations. Abrasion and corrosion-resistant, durable, and reliable products reduce maintenance costs.

Cables are used for the power supply of mining equipment such as excavators and material handling equipment while pipes are used to transport material such as ore, minerals, slurry, water and chemicals.

Poor management of cables and hoses can impact production and lead to safety-related issues at the mine site.

Selecting the right cables, hoses, and pipes improves the operational efficiency of underground and open-pit mining operations. Abrasion and corrosion-resistant, durable, and reliable products reduce maintenance costs.

Hydraulic hoses are used for dozers, scrapers, and drill rigs in surface mining.

Underground applications of hydraulic hoses include continuous miners and longwall systems.

42

Skillings.net | April 2024

ARM Explores Strategic Options for Nkomati Nickel Mine In a bid to navigate the complexities of the global nickel market, African Rainbow Minerals (ARM) has revealed its deliberations on potential strategic directions for the Nkomati Nickel Mine.

I

n a bid to navigate the complexities of the global nickel market, African Rainbow Minerals (ARM) has revealed its deliberations on potential strategic directions for the Nkomati Nickel Mine. Situated in South Africa’s Mpumalanga province, the mine, which was placed under care and maintenance in 2021, has become a focal point for ARM’s considerations amidst challenging industry conditions.

ARM, having acquired full control of Nkomati Nickel Mine from its former partner Norilsk Nickel Africa, is now exploring various avenues for its future. Mike Schmidt, executive overseeing growth at ARM, emphasized the importance of managing the mine effectively, acknowledging the possibility of closure while also contemplating restarting operations in collaboration with an integrated end-user.

Unique Attributes of Nkomati Nickel Mine: Nkomati Nickel Mine boasts a class one sulphide orebody with low carbon intensity, positioning it favorably for potential environmentally friendly operations.

Schmidt underscored the significance of the mine’s extensive access to water and renewable energy sources, which could facilitate the supply of clean energy to ARM’s smelting activities. Such attributes align with ARM’s commitment to exploring opportunities for responsible resource utilization.

Challenges in Global Nickel Market: However, ARM’s considerations come against the backdrop of significant challenges facing the global nickel industry. Nickel mines worldwide are grappling with a price crash triggered by an oversupply of low-grade nickel from Indonesia.

Major industry players such as Anglo and Glencore have been compelled to reassess their operations, with closures looming as a plausible outcome. BHP, too, is deliberating the future of its Australian nickel operations amidst uncertain market conditions.

Opportunities in Low-Carbon Nickel Production: Despite the prevailing industry turbulence, there remains optimism surrounding the potential for low-carbon nickel production. Neal Froneman, CEO of Sibanye-Stillwater, emphasized the importance of environmentally friendly practices in nickel production, noting the adverse carbon footprint associated with Indonesian production. Froneman suggested that tariffs and penalties could be imposed on materials with unacceptable carbon footprints, underscoring the growing emphasis on sustainability within the industry.

Gold Prices Soar to Record High The price of gold reached an unprecedented high, climbing 1.1% to $2,141 per ounce. This surge surpassed the previous record set in December, marking a remarkable milestone for the precious metal. Additionally, palladium breached the $1,000 per ounce mark, registering gains exceeding 10%.

T

he gold price reached an unprecedented high, climbing 1.1% to $2,141 per ounce. This surge surpassed the previous record set in December, marking a remarkable milestone for the precious metal.

Additionally, palladium breached the $1,000 per ounce mark, registering gains exceeding 10%.

Factors Driving the Surge The surge in gold prices can be attributed to a confluence of factors.

Investor concerns over escalating tensions in the Middle East, particularly amidst Israel’s conflict with Palestine, have heightened demand for gold as a safe-haven asset.

Continued Rally Gold’s remarkable ascent reflects a broader trend, with the precious metal experiencing a 16-month rally, culminating in a staggering 30% surge since late 2022.

The sustained momentum underscores the enduring allure of gold as a reliable store of value, particularly during periods of economic uncertainty and geopolitical instability.

Global Market Dynamics The surge in gold prices has been further propelled by significant buying activity from central banks and Chinese investors.

This heightened demand, coupled with geopolitical tensions and speculation surrounding interest rates, has created a

favorable environment for gold’s continued appreciation. Analysts warn, however, of potential market volatility and the possibility of corrections, as witnessed in December.

Analyst Insights James Steel, a precious metals analyst at HSBC, highlighted the influx of new market participants seeking refuge in gold amid prevailing uncertainties. He cautioned against over-optimism, citing the cyclical nature of market movements and the potential for price retracements.

Despite the current bullish sentiment, analysts remain vigilant of market dynamics and potential triggers for price fluctuations.

Furthermore, speculation surrounding potential interest rate cuts by the US Federal Reserve has fueled investor anxieties, prompting a flight to precious metals.

Federal Reserve’s Stance Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell’s recent remarks regarding potential interest rate adjustments have contributed to the bullish sentiment surrounding gold. Powell indicated that the central bank is considering initiating rate cuts later this year, citing economic conditions.

This anticipation of lower borrowing costs has bolstered gold’s appeal, as it typically thrives in environments of reduced interest rates.

43

Golden Minerals stops mining at Velardeña two months after restart Golden Minerals Company introduced that it has elected to stop silver-gold mining at its Velardeña houses in Mexico just two months after restarting the operation.

G

olden Minerals Company introduced that it has elected to stop silver-gold mining at its Velardeña houses in Mexico just two months after restarting the operation. Located in Durango, Mexico, Velardeña hosts two former underground mines and processing turbines.

On December 18, 2023, the organisation officially introduced the Velardeña residences lower back into production, with mining happening in six stopes.

The plan began to ramp up everyday production to hundred and fifty tonnes per day in March and, in the long run, reach a total production charge of 325 tonnes in the second quarter.

44

Skillings.net | April 2024

A month earlier than that, it began producing gold-wealthy pyrite flotation concentrates from Velardeña, which have been stockpiled at the mines because overdue 2015, when they were ultimately operational.

Afterwards, mining activities were suspended due to aggregate of low metals charges, mining dilution and metallurgical demanding situations.

This time around, Golden hoped the newly restarted Velardeña mines could deliver tremendous coin float in the first half of 2024 after gradually increasing the manufacturing rate. However, the miner stated in a press launch Thursday that the overall performance of the mine and processing plant at some stage in

the past few months has not done the projected results.

As a result, the company stated it will now evaluate capacity alternatives for the Velardeña homes, which can also encompass selling homes or finishing up certain of its Mexico operations. Its primary awareness in the intervening time is the exploration-degree Yoquivo property in Chihuahua country, containing an inferred valuable resource of 17.2 million oz. Gold equals 937,000 tonnes, grading 410 g/t silver and 2.1 g/t gold.

Golden Minerals’ inventory plunged 37.5% to $0.45 by midday Thursday following the declaration. It fell as much as 45.5 to a fifty-two-week low of $ 0.37 before the consultation.

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45

SKILLINGS MINING REVIEW STASTISTICS

FEBRUARY 2024 CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION

W

orld crude steel production for the 71 countries reporting to the World Steel Association (worldsteel) was 148.8 million tonnes (Mt) in February 2024, a 3.7% increase compared to February 2023.

Africa produced 1.8 Mt in February 2024, up 8.1% on February 2023. Asia and Oceania produced 109.7 Mt, up 3.9%. The EU (27) produced 10.6 Mt, down 3.3%. Europe, Other produced 3.7 Mt, up 32.5%. The Middle East produced 4.2 Mt, up 10.8%.

North America produced 8.7 Mt, down 1.3%. Russia & other CIS + Ukraine produced 6.7 Mt, down 2.5%. South America produced 3.5 Mt, up 10.5%. The 71 countries included in this table accounted for approximately 98% of total world crude steel production in 2023.Regions and countries covered by the table: Africa, Asia and Oceania, European Union (27), Europe,other, Middle East, North America, Russia & other CIS + Ukraine, South America.

Top 10 steel-producing countries China is estimated to have produced 81.2 Mt in February 2024, up 3.5% on February 2023. India produced 11.8 Mt, up 11.4%.

Japan produced 7.0 Mt, up 1.1%. The United States produced 6.5 Mt, down 1.2%.

Table 1. Crude steel production by region

Russia is estimated to have produced 5.7 Mt, down 4.4%. South Korea produced 5.1 Mt, down 1.5%. Türkiye produced 3.1 Mt, up 46.6%. Germany produced 3.1 Mt, up 4.4%. Brazil produced 2.8 Mt, up 13.1%.

Iran produced 2.2 Mt, up 14.3%.

Table 2. Top 10 steel-producing countries

feb % change jan-feb % change jan-feb 2024(mt) feb 24/23 2024 (mt) 24/23

feb 2024 (mt)

% change feb24/23

jan-feb 24 (mt)

% change jan-feb 24/23

1.8

8.1

3.7

12.3

China

81.2

3.5

168.0

1.6

Asia and Oceania

109.7

3.9

227.1

2.7

India

11.8

11.4

24.5

10.0

EU (27)

10.6

-3.3

21.1

-0.9

Japan

7.0

1.1

14.3

0.8

Europe, Other

3.7

32.5

7.6

27.2

United States

6.5

Russia

5.7

Africa

Middle East

4.2

10.8

8.9

17.0

North America

8.7

-1.3

17.7

-2.2

Russia & CIS + Ukraine

6.7

-2.5

13.7

-0.7

South America

3.5

10.5

7.1

Germany

4.8

Total 71 countries

148.8

3.7

306.9

3.0

e

e

-1.2

13.0

-2.6

-4.4

11.7

-3.2

South Korea

5.1

-1.5

10.8

0.2

Türkiye

3.1

46.6

6.3

34.5

3.1

4.4

6.2

4.6

Brazil

2.8

13.1

5.5

6.4

Iran

2.2

14.3

4.8

26.5

The 71 countries included in this table accounted for approximately 98% of total world crude steel production in 2022. Regions and countries covered by the table:Africa: Egypt, Libya, South Africa, Tunisia Asia and Oceania: Australia, China, India, Japan, Mongolia, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Korea, Taiwan (China), Thailand, Viet Nam,European Union (27),Europe, Other: Macedonia, Norway, Serbia, Türkiye, United Kingdom,Middle East: Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates,North America: Canada, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, United States,Russia & other CIS + Ukraine: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine,South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela

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Skillings.net | April 2024

2023 GLOBAL CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION TOTALS TOTAL WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION WAS 1,888.2 MT IN 2023

Source – World Steel Association Rank Country

2023

2022

% 2023/ 2022

Rank Country

2023

2022

% 2023/ 2022

1

China

1,019.1

1,019.1

0.0

22

Poland (e)

6.4

7.4

-13.1

2

India

140.2

125.4

11.8

23

Austria

7.1

7.5

-5.0

3

Japan

87.0

89.2

-2.5

24

Belgium (e)

5.9

7.0

-16.1

4

United States

80.7

80.5

0.2

25

Ukraine

6.2

6.3

-0.6

5

Russia (e)

75.8

71.7

5.6

26

Netherlands

4.7

6.1

-23.9

6

South Korea

66.7

65.8

1.3

27

United Kingdom

5.6

6.0

-6.5

7

Germany

35.4

36.9

-3.9

28

Pakistan (e)

5.3

6.0

-11.3

8

Turkey

33.7

35.1

-4.0

29

Australia

5.5

5.6

-2.9

9

Brazil

31.9

34.1

-6.5

30

Thailand

5.0

5.3

-6.7

10

Iran

31.1

30.6

1.8

31

Bangladesh (e)

5.2

5.2

5.8

11

Italy

21.1

21.6

-2.4

32

Argentina

4.9

5.1

-3.2

12

Taiwan, China (e)

18.9

20.8

-8.9

33

Sweden

4.3

4.4

-3.3

13

Viet Nam (e)

19.0

20.0

-5.0

34

South Africa

4.9

4.4

10.6

14

Mexico

16.3

18.4

-11.6

35

Czechia

3.4

4.3

-21.1

15

Indonesia (e)

16.0

15.6

2.8

36

Kazakhstan

3.9

4.1

-5.5

16

France

10.0

12.1

-17.4

37

Slovakia (e)

4.5

3.9

15.4

17

Canada (e)

12.3

12.1

1.3

38

Finland

3.8

3.5

7.7

18

Spain

11.3

11.6

-2.7

39

Algeria

4.4

4.3

2.8

19

Malaysia (e)

7.5

7.2

4.1

40

United Arab Emirates

3.2

3.2

0.8

20

Egypt

10.4

9.8

5.4

Others

39.6

41.4

-4.4

21

Saudi Arabia

5.9

9.9

0.8

World

1,888.2

1,888.7

0.0

e – annual figure estimated using partial data or non-worldsteel resources. * The world total production figure in this table includes estimates of other countries that only report annually.

2023 Steel Statistical Yearbook published

T

he World Steel Association (worldsteel)’s Steel Statistical Yearbook 2023 contains comprehensive statistics from 2013 to 2022 on crude steel production by country and process, steel production by product, steel trade by product, apparent steel use and apparent steel use per capita by country, as well as production and trade of pig iron and

directly reduced iron. It also includes data on production and trade of iron ore and scrap.

It is available for purchase for €685 here.

Individuals access the data by logging into the worldsteel data platform with a personal username and password automatically issued at the time of purchase.

Access is granted once payment is confirmed. The data can be easily downloaded in Excel format once payment has been processed. A PDF version of all the data is also included. worldsteel members can access all the data for free via the extranet.

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