Edition 5

& CRE,4TIVE ,4CTIVITIES

Fifth Edition

U

ummer 1992

Letter from the President

Introduction Research and Teaching Combine for this Biology Professor

SIUE Scholars Work with Community Schools to Meet the Teaching

Challenge

Z

NEA Fellowships Invigorate SIUE Artists

ll

This Nursing Professor Communicates the Need for Change

t3

Research Briefs

l5

fgrygpti"t. "f th" "E"t Paintings and their Effect on the French Revolution

t6

Engineering in Medicine

t6

Laser Spectroscopy Revolutionizing Physical

Chemistry

17

Understanding the lntricacies of Financial Accounting

17

Increasing Nursing Education Opportunities

18

Multi-Ethnic Literary Voices at SIUE

18

Buildings Standing Up to Earthquakes

t9

Studying Germany's Dramatic Changes

t9

Optics Research with Lasers

20

Reconstructing the Past with Archaeology

20

One of the Nation's Strongest Head Start Programs

2l

A Modem Map Maker

2l

Determining the Cause of Periodontal Disease

22

The Ethical Side of Human Resource Management

22

Directory

24

TETTER

Rescart'h ar Sourhern

FROftI THE PRESIDENT

& Creatit,e Actit,ities hi-ehlights the anay of scholarly activity occuning daily Illinois University at Edwardsville (SIUE). The public's right to know, appreciate,

ancl understand the research and creative endeavors r

of SIUE taculty, students. and staff is a

rlue inherent in our mission.

In these pa-qes. you will find a sampling of ongoing research and creative activity at the

University. The first section fbcuses on four broad areas

-

protecting and restoring the

environment. working with the common schools to improve education. making art, and addressing critical health issues. A samplin-e of the current work of other SIUE scholars on

topics ranging fiom laser spectroscopy to contemporary poetry follows.

This is the fifth edition of Researt'h & Creatit'e Actit'ities. We are pleased that you have shown interest in the previous editions. and we plan to provide updates in the future as new developments occur.

You, your associates, or your agency, business, or other enterprise may share interests with the University's scholars whose efforts are reported on these pages. Ifso, for additional

information, please contact the Graduate School through the directory at the end of this publication. The SIUE community welcomes your comments or inquiries.

ilFr*Earl Lazerson President

Southern Illinois Universitv at Edwardsville

INTRODUGTION At Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville (SIUE), the Graduate School is the agency responsible for developing and administering policies concerning research and

As with the preceding four issues, this

We invite you to explore scme of the

edition of Research & Creatiye Activities provides a sampling of just a few of the

interesting and vital work that occurs at Southem Illinois University at Edwardsville.

projects cunently being conducted at SIUE,

We hope you enjoy to know some of -qetting SIUE's scholars through this new format,

projects that range from designing effective means of conveying crucial messages about

which provides an in-depth look at four project areas and a section which provides a sampling

and Projects coordinating and assisting in their

AIDS to young people, to analyzing the relationship between art and political theory

implementation and in the preparation and processing of faculty and staff grant and contract proposals. We are the facilitators in

during the French revolutionary era, from creating art to exploring how to improve a building's probability ol surviving

the research and creative activity process.

earthquakes, and from giving children a Head

providing support for individual scholars and for groups of researchers who share common

Start to discovering the effect of mandated accounting regulations on intemational

interests.

mergers.

creative activities, with the Office of Research

ol some of the other scholarly endeavors ol members of the University community.

-Rosemarie

Archangel

Dean, Graduate Studies and Research

Southern Illinois Universitv at Edwardsville

RESEARGH AND TEAGHING GOTIBINE FOR THIS BIO1OOY

PRO]C3SOR Richard Brugam's colleagues in SIUE's Department of Biological Sciences, where he is a professor, like to point out a clipping posted on the door of his office. The words are Alexander Haig's and the quotation reads:

"A

could have collaborated on." Dr. Davis, who now teaches at the University of Minnesota, is conducting a long{erm investigation in the Sylvania Wildemess Area.

Professor Brugam had submitted another proposal, on a different subject, for

consideration by the U.S. Bureau of Mines about the same time he mailed his NSF

lot of people just go around getting their ticket punched. But if you want to make a difference, then you're inevitably going to be

proposal. Multiple submissions are common

controversial."

Professor Brugam usually restricts his controversial behavior to situations that don't

expect they will receive everything they have

practice for researchers who are not as well-

known as Margaret Davis; few can realistically

Several of his former students were in agreement when they described his teaching

good chance with the Bureau of Mines."

style with statements like, "He doesn't mince words," and, "He marches to his own tune."

Professor Brugam a contract to try to neutral-

But in May 1991 , Professor Brugam did something very few teaching researchers ever do. He said, "Thank you, but no," to a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant.

requested.

Not only did the Bureau of Mines offer ize an acid coal mine lake, but shortly before

that offer was made, one of his former graduate students asked him to help her employer

It's not that the project would have been unpleasant. "Paleolimnology's nice," is what

with a major environmental remediation project in St. Charles County, Missouri.

"It was summer employment for me,"

he said when he described his feelings about

Professor Brugam said.

the investigation he had proposed.

for several ofmy graduate and undergraduate students to gain experience with a type of

(Paleolimnology is the study of the historical development of lakes.)

was an opportunity

problem they need to know about-taking steps to avoid uranium escaping from a contaminated site. I believe that students should be

post-glacial climate change over the last

yes."

Sylvania Wilderness Area in the upper peninsula of Michigan. "You can barely sleep there because of the noise the loons make," he said.

able to see an active, working scientist. I said

Julie Herron of MK-Ferguson Company was glad her former teacher said yes. "There are very few people around who know what kind of information is needed for a monitoring task like ours," she said. "lt's a new field. He's

declined to accept what he called "a most

accustomed to looking at unique situations, so I knew he would think of things we normally

prestigious grant" was that he had been offered

wouldn't. His expertise in aquatics was what

more grants than he could handle. "Margaret

we needed."

B. Davis, my thesis advisor at Yale, told me to assume I'd get whatever funding I apply for,"

samples of zooplankton and benthic inverte-

he said. "It's her opinion that researchers

brates from nearby lakes and streams to deter-

should be prepared to do the work they've

mine whether the weapons site had harmed

proposed. It was especially difficult to tell her I

local aquatic ecosystems. The samples were brought to Professor Brugam's laboratory where he and his student assistants analyzed

The reason Professor Brugam regretfully

had to turn down NSF, not only because of her

The task at Weldon Spring was to gather

them.

SIUEI Rrsrencn & Cntentc ActrYnrcs

"It

It's not that the work would have kept him from getting out of the laboratory and into the fresh air. The proposed search for evidence of 10,000 years would have taken him to the

4

"l

told myself I'd accept whichever contract came in first," he said. "My experiences with NSF have taught me the competition there is fierce. I thought I had a

attract a lot of attention outside his department,

RkhodBrugon

advice, but also because that was a project we

"Zooplankton seem to be impacted by uranium, although we don't'know how," said Professor Brugam. "And benthic invertebrates

of water quality. At Weldon Spring we were trying to relate the are reliable indicators

distribution of organisms to the chemical variations in the environment. In other words, we used organisms as indicators of pollution.

experience for cunent SIUE students. "We're

healthier. The presence of diatoms, micro-

genuinely interested in allowing students who are approaching the field to become more acclimated to the jobs they can get into," she

scopic algae which are a source of food for aquatic life, indicates the lake is capable

said. "These students understood why we were taking the samples, what we're going to do with the data they developed, and what the

neutralization of acid mine lakes occurs

final goals are."

Students who assist with Professor

of

supporting higher forms of life. Professor Brugam reported inl983 that long-term frequently. Other studies have suggested that this neutralization is caused by the accumulation of organic matter in the deep waters of the

It's not completely clear yet what sort of organisms we need to be looking at. We don't have the answers. We're still figuring out what

Brugam's Bureau of Mines project will also gain hands-on experience. That undertaking is

lakes.

questions to ask."

an attempt at neutralizing an acid coal mine

search for the diatoms. "l was a graduate biology student specializing in paleoecology," said Mr. Elzinga. "l looked at things like

lake by adding organic matter.

The project gave Ms. Henon a chance to

work closely with her mentor again. "I felt a little bit uncomfortable at first in reversing the

"Lakes are common on abandoned mine lands throughout the Midwest," said Professor

Brugam. "Groundwater and run-off fill the mine pits and many of the resulting lakes are acid because the pyrite and marcasite in their

roles," she said, "but as a teacher, he always made students feel comfortable, and I found that was still the case. The best thing about

William Elzinga helped Professor Brugam

fossilized pollen grains. Most of his students were triple-E people; their program was called Ecology, Evolution, and Environment. That project exposed me to a context quite different from the wetlands a plant ecologist like me

studying with him, and a big reason we wanted him on our job, was the fact that he is so diligent at his work. He models some of the

watersheds are exposed to the weather." His

decision to accept a position at SIUE was based partly on the existence of these lakes.

would be expected to work in."

attributes you need to apply on the job. He is

"As a limnologist I had to ask myself what kinds of research possibilities exist here. The idea of working with holes left from mines that filled with water was interesting. From a scientific point of view, these are neat lakes."

Cunent federal regulations forbid the creation of conditions that produce such lakes, but many of them remain on mine sites abandoned before the passage of the laws in 1978. In Illinois, approximately 8 percent of surface mine lakes are acid; to the east in Indiana and Ohio, percentages are likely to be higher because soils there are poorer in acid

mental Science and Engineering in St. Louis,

always very aware of the cycle of completion, the necessity to be a finisher."

MK-Ferguson Company was interested in having Professor Brugam take over permanent monitoring of the site. "That's not my rolen" he said. "My role has got to be to find new.knowledge. I don't know how committed I am to

environmentalism; my real commitment is to science and leaming things, to fooling around

with nature."

Ms. Henon benefitted from Professor Brugam's belief that students should be taught by active, working scientists. "I worked with him on an Illinois Water Resources Center project about the long-term neutralization of acid mine lakes ten years ago. The experience made me more confident about my decision to go into ecology. It showed me that aquatic

ecology was becoming a critical applicatiort in environmental monitoring. We were just at the real beginning of opportunities in this area then. I wouldn't have known that I was getting

into something that could make it hadn't been for his research."

a

difference

if

Asking Professor Brugam to work with her

neutralizing minerals.

"Mines that are in operation now fund this research by paying coal taxes," said Professor Brugam. "The program has two goals: to find innovative ways of using coal, and to discover how to mitigate problems resulting from the production of coal."

The new Bureau of Mines research makes use of insights gained from the Illinois Water

Mr. Elzinga is now employed at Environusing his training in biology on the job every day. "We've talked about it, and have come close to working as a team again," he said of his former mentor. "Professor Brugam was a

fantastic teacher. He was always excited about the material and imparted that excitement in the classroom."

For the Bureau of Mines project, Professor Brugam and his students are adding organic matter to an acid mine lake near Carbondale.

"The Bureau figures it will work like liming a lake," he said. "We'll attempt to bring about the kind of neutralization that takes much longer when it occurs naturally." The project team began by choosing an experimental lake and a control lake with similar suitable characteristics. Both sites were surveyed and

preliminary chemical analyses were conducted on lake water and sediment samples. More samples will be analyzed over a two-year period to learn what changes are taking place

tioned. That study, completed and published in

in both lakes and how they compare.

"This is an extension of an earlier experi-

1983, involved looking for diatoms in lake

ment in which we successfully neutralized the

sediment and analyzing the sulfide content of

water inside artificial enclosures we built in a lake," said Professor Brugam. "We tested

Resources Center study Ms. Henon men-

at Weldqn Spring allowed Ms. Henon and

the sediment. Formation of sulfide causes the

MK-Ferguson to provide that same kind of

pH level of the water to rise. As the pH value rises from a low, or acid, reading toward a

several different types and combinations of

balanced, or neutral, reading, the lake becomes

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organic matter. The method didn't work very

Stuart Glover found

a

position with

well." There were problems, such as material

Madison County's Environmental Control

that failed to sink and remain on the bottom.

Laboratory. A 1990 graduate of the master's program in Environmental Studies, Mr. Glover gives Professor Brugam high marks as a teacher: "He's a marvelous man, very unique.

The water could not be permanently neutralized. A different organic additive is being tested this time: cow manure.

Professor Brugam sees a strong national interest in reclaiming abandoned mine lands.

That interest is paralleled by the cunent enthusiasm among students for his department's

Ecology, Evolution, and Environment program. "Right now we have many students eager to get into this area," he said. "Whether

it's enduring this time or not, I don't know."

The undergraduate ecology program was established in response to concems of the 1960's, but after interest fell ofi the program barely managed to survive. "Now the topic is current again and we're in the right place at the right time," said Professor Brugam. "Today we

and leads by invigorating his students. He makes the most mundane material interesting and understandable. Beyond all that, most people on campus probably don't know the respect he's accorded around the country."

Professor Brugam gives some of the credit

for his students' satisfaction to the SIUE campus. "Students here work in and on Tower Lake," he said. "And we can walk from our classrooms to natural areas where we can do reasonable ecological studies. At Yale, where I

got my Ph.D., that would require a school bus trip. Of course, Yale had the funds to take us

dents exhibit as well as their numbers. "Their

all over New England."

Yale, and similar institutions, also pressure their faculty researchers to generate funds.

"How tough it must be at places like Harvard," said Professor Brugam. "You don't make

enthusiasm is neat," he said. "They're an

tenure at high-pressure universities unless you

interested and interesting group, and they stay

bring in a certain number of extemal dollars a year. As much as I would like to claim I'm an

have 19 ecology majors compared with only

two

a

couple of years ago."

He is encouraged by the qualities these stu-

with the program, demanding a lot from us.

The thing that wonies me most is that the larger number of students entering the market may have trouble finding jobs. That wasn't so

entrepreneur, I'm not that at all."

Professor Brugam plans to resubmit his

in the past, with fewer graduates in the discipline. They've always found openings in environmental management agencies or

because he is being pressured. He

environmentally managed companies."

NSF proposal. But he said he is not doing it

will

resubmit it because he would like to take his students to the upper peninsula of Michigan to leam about a different kind of lake and listen to the loons.

Georgia Voils, Resource Analyst, Office of Research and Projects, SIUE Graduate School.

-By

6

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SIUE SGHOLARS WORK WITH

level. "The program has proven

ftIEET THE GHA1IENOE

effective," Professor Patty said. He added that the students have been shown to retain their reading level (of average or better) for at least

GoftlftluNtw gGHOOts rO

In a speech given earlier this year, Carolynn Reid-Wallace, the Education Department's

program, which has been in place for four

tion, called on higher education institutions to help accomplish the nation's education strategy and its six America 2000 education goals. "We

years.

train two Reading Recovery Teacher Leaders

for one year. This year, the Teacher Leaders began training 22teachers from seven area school districts

-

Belleville ll8, Cahokia

187,

continuity to the idea of formal education by developing a flexible core cuniculum

Litchfield 12, and Roxana

that begins at kindergarten and extends through

nominated by the districts, which also pay for

East St. Louis 189, Greenville 2, Highland 5, 1.

The teachers are

of

their training. "lt takes a school district with foresight to see this as a cost-effective program," Professor Patty said. He explained that

working with community schools

start-up costs of a Reading Recovery program

long before the Education

are offset because school districts are able to

Department released its America

avoid funding future remedial programs.

2000 goals for education. hofessors

in the areas of science, mathematics,

"More importantly," Professor Patty said, "because Reading Recovery is a preventive

education and engineering are

program, it helps children feel good about

working with elementary and

themselves as leamers from the beginning

secondary school students, teachers,

schooling."

Another basic skill as important as reading, but often refined and developed throughout a

realized the long-term benefits

Superintendent, Ellion Park (centerJ

from the Illinois Board of Higher Education to

ties and join forces toward reaching a common

A number of SIUE scholars

East 51. Iouis School

Last year, Professor Patty received funding

must reach out to the schools in our communi-

a student's senior year in college."

Cahokio School Su p ri ntend ent, Elner Kirchoff (lehJ ond

four years. These statistics are based upon test results from the Ohio Reading Recovery

sense of

wi,h

percent

assistant secretary for postsecondary educa-

goal," Reid-Wallace said. "Working together, universities and schools can bring a greater

Del Potty (right)

9l

and administrators to improve instruction in reading, writing, science, and math; to promote communication between

achieving students and those who may be at risk; and to get students involved with handson science experiments, engineering projects, and ecological testing.

of

lifetime, is writing. The MississippiValley Writing Project (MVWP). at ihe University iince 198 I , is a site of the National Writing Project. Lela DeToye, assistant professor in the School of Education, is co-director of the

Reading, a skill leamed very early in a child's education, should become the building block for future leaming. However, while most first-graders relish the opportunity to learn to read, some young children find the process

confusing, even overwhelming. In the past, majority of those children would have been

a

candidates for remedial classes or diagnosed

with leaming disabilities. However, today, there is a fresh approach to helping "high risk" first-graders. It is called Reading Recovery.

According to Del Patty, associate professor of Cuniculum and Instruction, and director of the Reading Recovery program at SIUE, the

Leh Detoye (rightl

program focuses upon the lower 20 percent of a first-grade class. After 12 to 16 weeks of intensive one-on-one tutoring, that 20 percent is brought to an average, or better, reading

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School. DeToye feels this project reflects the continuous partnership between SIUE and the

To reinforce the teachers' training, junior high and middle school principals will also attend two-day workshops to learn about the benefits their schools will derive from partici-

community schools.

Funded solely by SIUE's Department of Cuniculum and Instruction thus far, the project

pation in the program. Seminar sessions and visits from the project faculty during the academic year will provide principals with on-

is designed to assist elementary and secondary

going support and allow them to share the

teachers in the teaching of composition. Two

results of the program.

components comprise the MVWP, with the

This grant makes it possible for Professors Jason and Ho to continue work begun under previous NSF awards. As a result of a previous project, an active Math and Science Club was established at Clark Junior High School in East

MVWP, along with George Shea, chair of the English Department at Belleville West High

first being the Summer Institute. The institute meets for five weeks, four days per week, six hours each day. Participants review research and theory of composition instruction, share

what is successful in the classroom for teaching composition to children and young adults. and experience the writing process.

Dovid Winnen (cenler)

teachers is another teacher," and the students

Participants may receive SIUE credit for the

reap the benefits.

Summer Institute.

Another program which "teaches teachers" encompasses math and science instructors of

Mini-institutes are the second component of the MVWP. Rather than send teachers to the Summer Institute, schools may request a mini-

institute be held as an on-site, in-service writing workshop for their teachers. Mini-institute schedules are flexible. They may be held once a week

for

10 weeks or could also be a one-

time workshop on a specific topic.

Along with DeToye and Shea, outstanding Summer Institute participants become teacher consultants and teach the mini-institutes.

According to Professor DeToye, the MVWP reinforces the belief that "the best teacher for

minority students. Emil Jason, professor and chair in the Department of Chemistry, was awarded a National Science Foundation (NSF)

grant for l99l-93 for his project, "lmproving Math and Science Instruction of Black Students in Junior High School." Professor Jason's co-director is Chung-Wu Ho, professor and chair in the Department

St. Louis. A teacher who participated in one of the first projects has been named principal of a new school that includes an academy of math and science for fourth- through seventhgraders. But Professor Jason feels the most

important result and ongoing benefit of these programs is the number of teachers being trained. "We've got a cadre of high-quality teachers out there willing and able to teach

math and science," he said.

A program designed to improve science education uses a "hands-on" approach. David

of

Mathematics and Statistics.

The project involves science and mathematics teachers who participate in two summers of graduate study in their disciplines. Reinforcement activities follow throughout the academic year. Teachers who participate for the full two years receive 23 hours of graduate credit upon

completion of the program.

According to Professor Jason, 70 mathematics and science teachers were provided an opportunity to update their skills during 1991.

The teachers were drawn mainly from schools in East St. Louis and Lovejoy. ln 1992, another 70 teachers

will

update their skills. Teachers

who are likely to make the best use of the knowledge they gain, and whose students are expected to benefit most from the project, are selected. Special efforts are made to recruit qualified black and female teacher participants

who can serve as role models for their students. Teachers who were trained in NSF

Emil Joson (leh)

Chung-wu Ho (right)

projects at SIUE now teach other teachers at local schools. For example,48 science teachers and 30 mathematics teachers of grades 5-9 are being upgraded by participant teachers of NSF projects.

8

SIUEI Rr.uencu & Cntnrt r Acuvrnx

Virginio Bryon,2nd hom leh with students

ond science light

kitr.

Winnett, assistant professor in Cuniculum and Instruction, and Virginia Bryan, assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, began a Science Literacy Project in 1990' in coopera-

tion with Michael Schneider of Education Service Center #16. The project is underwritten until 1993 by a grant from the Illinois State Board of Education. Designed to increase

the number of elementary and middle school students experiencing science rather than just

reading about it, the Science Literacy Project

has provided for comprehensive teacher

lowing a simple recipe. They use it to develop

training and the development of Math And Science Hands-On (MASH) kits for 80 schools

a product which would solve a particular problem, for example, to construct a bridge in

whose Illinois Rivers Project will be used as

This new project also includes training for elementary and middle school teachers in the

the model for the development of the national The Illinois Rivers Project began with

science instruction. For example, an electron-

funding from the Illinois State Board of Higher

ics MASH kit allows users to design and make

Education. Since then, Professor Williams has seen the project grow to include more than 90

Teachers participating in the first-year project

will

righr) i

*i,

in Illinois;singglts *epptit ln*Atrseof project, MASH kits are present in nearly every

be trained to be trainers

for the second

year. and so on. Plans also are in place to

on every major river in lllinois. "From Little

project schools and SIUE to help with project

Falls, Minnesota, in the north, to Cairo, Illinois, in the south, the project is making a

implementation.

big impact on students, teachers, and commu-

*Problem Cunently in its pilot year, the Solvingin Science, Mathematics and Engineering'l,project is funded by the Illinois Board of Education and a grant from the SIUE Excellence,in Undergraduate Education Program.

have recei ved in-serv ice training, " Professor

According,to Professor Snell, including technology in the science literacy projects is

MASH kits contain all the ingredients needed for 30 students to conduct 10 different

important. IIe believes the existing MASH kits will be improved by the addition of computer applications such as data collection and

The Illinois Rivers Project was recently recognized by the Soil & Water Conservation

Society with an Illiirois Merit Award and a

teachers with inexpensive resources needed to

National Merit Award. The lllinois Department of Conservation bestowed its "Take Pride in

teach children complex concepts in a hands-on atmosphere, helping children see that educa-

America" award on the project.

tion can be fun and challenging. MASH kits on such varied topics as chemistry, geology,

The national rivers curriculum will encompass studies in chemistry, biology, geography,

electricity, flight, light, and the environment

geology, and language arts and be applicable to

have been developed through the literacy

any state having a river. The national project,

project.

funded by the NSF grant for three years,

The most recent kit, "Making It With

air pockets which students can make by fol-

will

involve teacher training, a student force of "river watchers" who monitor the rivers and Ro6pir+Willioms

conduct scientific research, development of a

the Construction Department of SIUE's School

middle school teachers. The engineering MASH kits enable students to construct "floating concrete," a special type of concrete with

English classes process this information into a collection of writings, called Meanderings.

equipment.

otherwise not be available. According to Professors Bryan and Winnett, the kits provide

gram in the use of engineering materials for

nity. Science students conduct water-quality tests. Social science classes evaluate the cultural and historical impact of the river.

telecommunications network, called SOILED NET, and state-of-the-art water analysis

schools where laboratory facilities would

and Engineering," a staff development pro-

social science, and English teachers in an integrated study of their local river and commu-

a

provide teachers with materials to conduct a variety of science and math experiments in

of Engineering. Engineering kits also are part of "Problem Solving in Science, Mathematics

nities," Professor Williams said.

The Illinois project is designed to bring the study of Illinois rivers into the high school cuniculum. It involves high school science,

The key ingredients of the project are its use of

experiments in a particular topic area. The kits

Concrete," is a joint project between Winnett, Bryan, and Luke Snell, professor and chair in

high schools, 4,000 students, and four states along the banks of the Mississippi River and

establish a telecommunication link between

elementary school in this area for teachers who

Bryan said. "Consequently, more teachers are doing hands-on science, students are enjoying science, and.t&dyrtb learning more."

curriculum.

of technology, mainly computers, in

alarm systems for different applications.

(np

Department of Cuniculum and Instruction,

the shape of arches using brick and concrete.

use

Luke Snell

study for high school students. Directing the project is Robert A. Williams, professor in the

analysis. The challenges

will

increase, as

will

the leaming experiences.

In the area of secondary education, the University recently received funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to develop a

national interdisciplinary cuniculum on river

set

of teaching materials, and the active

involvement and support of state and national agencies, businesses, and industries.

Although the top priority of both the Illinois and national programs is to improve student understanding of river-related science concepts and facts, Professor Williams believes the

collected data will be instrumental in solving

SIIJEI

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9

ture successful students as positive role models

for others who are at a critical juncture in their education."

According to Prof'essor Baden, the mentoring relationship between the students includes talking about school and future plans, helping with homework, fostering positive bonds and developing self esteem. "We're hoping the students find, in their mentors, someone they can talk to, who

with

will listen and provide

them

insight an adult or teacher might not." he said. In addition lo meeling one-ona unique

one with their mentors, the students meet monthly as a group to hear guest speakers,

usually adults successful in business or academics. The group also plans to visit places many of these students may not ordinarily have

Don Boden

the opportunity to go, such as the St. Louis

environmental problems and will contribute

significantly to scientific and historical inquiry.

To prevent minority students with potential from dropping out ofhigh school and show them the benefits ofexcelling in school, Donald Baden, professor in Cuniculum and

Science Center.

Although Professor Baden has just begun to track the attendance pattems and analyze the grades

of the students involved in the

Lansdowne mentoring program, he believes it is proving to be beneficial for everyone

Instruction and associate dean of the School of Education, began a mentoring program that

involved.

pairs junior high students from Lansdowne

illustrate, the ties between the University and

Junior High School in East St. Lours with honor students from East Side and Lincoln High Schools, also in East St. Louis. The

its sunounding communities' schools are education, teachers and students

program is funded by the Illinois Board of

meet the educational challenges of the future

Higher Education for the 1991 -92 academic

with confidence.

As all of these projects and programs

strong. With this commitment to improving

will

be able to

year.

Professor Baden directs the program and describes it as intervention. "We are working

with more than 30 students at Lansdowne who are not achieving, but have been identified by

their teachers as having potential," he said.

"The main purpose of this program is to fea-

l0

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C Rr,,tnt

L,

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rnEs

By Pamela Voss, Assistant -of Corporate Writing, SIUE.

to the Director

NEA FE11OWSHIPS INVIOORATE SIUE ARTISTS

climbing kiln, originally built with funding assistance from SIUE Graduate School research programs, and improved the work

The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) receives about 5,000 VisualArtists Fellowship applications each year. Only about

environment around it. He also is planning to build several new display units in his studio

5 percent ofthese applications are funded

finished artwork, such as teapots, covered jars,

annually in this intense competition. Two Southem Illinois University at Edwardsville (SIUE) faculty in the Department of Art and

and platters.

Professor Anderson also credits his NEA Fellowship with "making things happen."

Design have received these highly-competitive

After being awarded the fellowship, he

fellowships recently and made excellent use of

received numerous invitations to exhibit his ceramics in major exhibitions. "This award and

the honor and money they were awarded.

The fellowships are an acknowledgement

of

the artists' past work and an encouragement to the artists to continue and develop their art. In

evaluating the NEA applications, review panelists consider the quality of the applicant's work; the record ofprofessional activity and

showroom to present more adequately his

honor definitely had wonderful side benefits."

Professor Anderson also received Illinois Arts Council (IAC) Individual Artist Fellowships of $5,000 each in 1990 and

in 1992.

After receiving the IAC Fellowship in 1990, he applied to the NEA program, receiving the fellowship for l99l on his first try. In addition to supporting supplies for his work, some of his IAC and NEA money was used to create a cataloging system of his works and of gallery

sor Anderson to travel, an important element

in his work. Many of the slides of his work submitted with the NEA application dealt with his ceramic works based on water tower

designs he has

Daniel J. Anderson and Paul A. Dresang,

grants.

"At a young school like this, the chances of both of us receiving this Fellowship within two years ofone another is remote," Professor

Anderson said.

Although Professor Anderson "didn't think a chance to win the fellowship

I had much of

because of the odds," he put the $20,000

fellowship money "to the best possible use for impact on" his work. For example, he rebuilt and improved his Korean wood-firing, hill-

Itolion Chimney Vessel,

,992

"I couldn't believe

how easy it was to just look up and realize what a beautiful shape this often-forgotten structure was. It was basically a huge storage vessel." He has gone on to document water towers on top of inner city high-rise buildings, "where the water towers 'compete' for roof

with chimneys, ventilation ducts, pipes, and other interesting architectural detail." space

The two most important elements in his

work are surface and shape, according to Professor Anderson. "I try to capture rich surface texture on my work by utilizing a sandblaster on the glazed surfaces once they

kiln." He takes advanof the water tower shape by "utilizing

tage

proposed fellowship period.

both professors in the SIUE Department of Art and Design's ceramics area, have recently been awarded the year-long Visual Arts Fellowship

Professor Anderson said.

many works and exhibits in as many shows as Professor Anderson.

The fellowship money also allows Profes-

work reflects continued, serious, and exceptional aesthetic investigation and will be at a critical point of development during the

inspiration. "The water tower that sits on Troy Road was a block from my old studio door,"

are removed from the

Fellowships are quite an honor, but that "the sheer shock of winning the NEA Fellowship is equal to that of winning the lottery."

achievement; and evidence that the applicant's

cunently working on pieces derived from "l attribute a lot of the success of my work to the vision gained in travel," he said. "Travel feeds the work."

He is also working with water tower shapes, inspired closer to home, as a basis for his Italian chimney covers.

addresses, a necessity when an artist creates as

Professor Anderson said he feels the IAC

Don Anderson

seen in the United States and Europe. He is

strong negative space that sunounds the water

tower profiles."

hofessor Anderson has been busy since

menr for the Arrs (NEA) Fellowship competi-

his fellowship, he recently completed a sabbat-

tion and on which he built during his fellowship period.

work and I haven't said, 'No.' It would have been nice to have time [from teaching] with

contaminated surlaces to vary the color of the

ical leave. "One thing the sabbatical taught me is that teaching is integral to me. Without it, something is missing. I find teaching extremely challenging, sometimes frustrating, always interesting. When I'm gone,I really miss the

sculpture. The effects ofthe residual salt on the

interaction with the students."

this fellowship, but it doesn't come with the

porcelain surfaces are sof{ pastel colors rang-

award."

ing from a light blush to orange. Professor

that they consider the successes oftheir stu-

receiving the fellowship. "Success breeds success," he said. "Since the award, I've received many calls. In fact, my productivity has been too high

-

a lot of people ask for

Professor Dresang has developed different techniques of firing porcelain using sodium

Professors Anderson and Dresang agreed

Dresang then often erases some of this color

dents major high points of their own careers. In

program, Prof'essor Anderson said he sees a loi of energy within the program. He feels that his

by sand-blasting and repeats the firing process for another effect, thus producing unique

and Professor Dresang's fellowships have

porcelain sculptures.

fact, several of their ceramics graduates have also received NEA Fellowships. Both men feel enthusiastic about the future of the NEA and the potential for other artists and the public to

As head of the art department's ceramics

helped the program by broadening the Univer-

Professor Dresang used his $15,000 fellow-

sity's reputation. In addition, students want to

ship to further this work in his summer studio

study where the faculty are active and have

and to increase his studio space. "ltencour-

been nationally recognized.

aged me to keep up that studio when at times

Professor Anderson was encouraged to try

benefit from NEA Fellowships.

The country "is struggling with the whole

I

issue of the arts being funded and with free-

thought it was impractical," Professor Dresang said. He is glad he kept his studio in Wisconsin

dom of expression," Professor Dresang said.

"As long as people of reputation continue to

since "I really do need to get away and have a period of time just for working."

choose the recipients, it will be a worthwhile

award."

With SIUE since 1976, Professor Dresang

Professor Dresang said that the greatest

benefit of the fellowship was "knowing that my peer group of professionals has reviewed my work and given this as a sign of merit. It's an honor

-

a boost that

very encouraging. Financially, it's

technique and in conception." In the department, he works in the glass blowing program

when he received the news that he had

Graduate School's Office of Research and Projects with assistance in applying for and processing the grants.

as

well as in the ceramics program.

"It

was very exciting to get the news about

received the award.

the Fellowship," hofessor Dresang said. He

This fellowship was especially encouraging to Professor Dresang since this was the first time he had applied for it. Professor Dresang

has produced much work because of the

received even more acknowledgement of his

for the fellowship because of Professor Dresang's success. He also credits the SIUE

sculptural porcelain. Working in a new area, he said he expects "to slruggle with difficulties in

allows me to do things I otherwise

couldn't do." Professor Dresang was surprised

PoulDrcnng

is now working in functional ceramics and

work with the receipt of the Illinois Arts Council (lAC) Fellowship in 1991.

"The encouragement the NEA Fellowship offered was positive reinforcement," he said. "lt led me through a series of work that is now

fellowship, but "actually, the work is relaxing."

As a note, a colleague of Professors Anderson and Dresang, Leila M. Daw. professor in Art and Design, received an NEA

Fellowship in 1979. With SIUE since 1976, Professor Daw has recently taken a leave of absence from the University to continue her art

work in Massachusetts.

Although unlikely that two artisfs from

Originally from Wisconsin, where he says he inherited his strong work ethic, Professor Anderson has been with SIUE since 1970. This

more or less completed."

NEA Fellowship "certainly set the foundation to keep building upon. This very high peer

Fellowship. He said he feels many of these requests resulted from the publicity that came

recognition is an acknowledgement of my work, saying 'Keep it up.' Even if the money hadn't been part of the fellowship, I would

with this fellowship. For example, he was featured in a show in St. Louis in late 1991.

The NEA Fellowship stipend also funded work-related travel, allowing Professor

of one another, these two SIUE artists met the criteria and were honored with the National Endowment for the Arts Visual Arts Fellowships. The Fellowships provided them with the money to accomplish more in their work and with that elusive element that helps

Dresang to attend meetings and set up shows.

in any creation

have been thrilled."

Also from Wisconsin, Professor Dresang has worked extensively

with sculpture images

in porcelain. This medium was the basis of the works he submitted for the National Endow-

Professor Dresang has received many show and lecture invitations since receiving the NEA

In addition, it allowed him to buy books that are helpful in his work.

Although he could not arrange any time off from his teaching schedule when he received

12

SIllEl Rtsuncn & Cnunr r Acnyrrts

a

school the size of SIUE would receive these distinguished Fellowships within a few years

-

the respect of one's peers.

By Lillian O'Neal Manning, Project -Coordinator, Office of Research and Pro.iects, SIUB Graduate School.

in the tape to help schools prepare children to accept classmates who are HlV-positive. "The project was inspired by a linle boy in Belle-

public and private agencies were looking for people with their skills to solve the problem, they started on a path that led to the NIH grant.

ville who had difficulty being accepted when Communication and changing behavior are important concepts for Margaret L. Beaman,

he entered school," she said. "Randy Travis is

While developing and awaiting the results of their first joint extemal proposals, Profes-

his favorite recording artist, and Mr. Travis

sors Beaman and Strader sought and received

assistant professor of nursing at SIUE. They

allowed us to use his music for the tape."

Finding ways to help people avoid or live

of Nursing financed a study of college

THIS NURSINO PROFESSOR GOftIftIUNIGATES IHE NEED FOR GHANGE

create the dual focus ofher cunent research.

She uses both terms when she describes what

il

with AIDS was not Professor Beaman's first

takes to collaborate successfully as a research-

research interest. Her earlier interests included

er and writer. She demonstrates both skills as

the work activities of nurses and how they are

an effective teacher. She is quite matter-of-fact

perceived by the public. She also wrote and

about the effort she invests in communicating

made presentations about the value ofearly

with diverse audiences and changing her own

detection of breast cancer and how women's

behavior to reach the goals she sets. Yet she takes pains to explain why it is so difficult for the populations she studies to make the

health beliefs influence the effectiveness

changes in their communication patterns and

faculty at SIUE, she had difficulty pursuing these research interests. Although she is a public health nurse, she no longer had much

behaviors that would lower their risk of con-

tracting AIDS. Professor Beaman was recently awarded a

breast cancer detection. She decided she

Condoms: Message Development." The

Professor Beaman found the support she

purpose of the study, which continues through

needed in two forms.

message to persuade young clients

of sexually

against AIDS would allow a medium by which to emphasize positive public perceptions of

in

1987 and began looking

for ways to uphold

her standards of health promotion and health services delivery. "Professors,on she said,

approved, it was not funded. They were told the agency primarily funds interventions, and

they were not ready to design an intervention until they completed their preliminary work.

First, she began a research partnership with

condoms.

education. She joined SIUE's nursing faculty

Although the first proposal Professors Beaman and Strader submitted to NIH was

Professor Marlene Strader in 1987. Second, the partnership determined that the battle

taught classes while completing her graduate

Graduate School provided resources for designing and testing a questionnaire.

needed a new perspective for her research.

transmitted disease (STD) clinics to use

Margaret Beaman eamed her nursing diploma, then worked as a staff nurse and

students' beliefs about the use of condoms in preventing the transmission of AIDS; the

contact with women seeking health care for

major National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant for her project, "Persuading People to Use

1993, is to develop and test an experimental

of

self-examination. After Professor Beaman moved to southem Illinois and joined the

SIUE funding to begin their work. The School

nursing.

Professor Beaman emphasizes the value to her work of her collaboration with Professor

MargoretBamon (leftl

Strader. Their strengths in the research process

Marlene Stader (right)

complement each other.

"I'm an idea person," Professor Beaman

"I

have an intuilive sense of what's fund-

Therefore they identified two national organizations whose funding goals and monetary award levels matched their project. "Once we

"should combine teaching with research and

said.

community service."

Her community service contributions and other activities in St. Clair and Madison

able and work well with clinical agencies and

clarified our goals, we began to accomplish

clients. Dr. Strader enjoys writing and is very task- and goal-oriented. I'm a more global

more," Professor Beaman said. The grant

counties reflect her research interests and

person. I can't say enough about her as a

were funded.

provide an example for her students. She has

collaborator."

Dr. Strader is cunently on a leave of

been a member

of several area AIDS task

writing

A nursing

forces and committees and has organized and

absence from teaching, and is

supervised health screening and educational

management book. "Nurses are doers," she

efforts for community events.

Professor Beaman is particularly proud of

said.

her educational videotape,

"My

School Friend

Has AIDS," a project she completed with the assistance

of the St. Clair County AIDS Task

Force. Ten Belleville fifth-graders, whose parents allowed them to participate, were used

"All

a

proposals developed for these organizations

the behaviorists, psychologists, and

practitioners defined the problem and talked about how awful the situation was. But no one

1988 grant

from Sigma Theta Tau Inter-

national supported tests ofa survey instrument to determine what clients at an STD clinic thought about the use ofcondoms to prevent AIDS. Funds provided by the American Nurses Foundation during the same year cov-

had intervened. I think we're the first research-

ered the expenses of measuring the validity of the condom attitude scale developed under the

ers to really do something about changing the

first grant. Continued intemal funding from

behavior that puts young people at high risk for contracting AIDS." Recognizing the need for long-Term efforts

SIUE allowed them to begin defining the communication they believe will be effective in

in the battle against AIDS, and the fact that SIllEt

RESEARCH

&

Cnurtr

AcnYnx l3

of

persuading people at risk for contracting AIDS

"You know,l'm really gettin' tired

to use condoms. That work was the beginning of the current 3-year NIH project, which began

you bringin' that up all the time."

"And I'm gettin' tircd of bringin' it up

in April 1990.

all the time. LaDonna, you're my best

Professors Beaman and Strader leamed

friend.

from their first survey of 500 college students that they needed to work with individuals at

I

just don't want to see anything

ment and the musicians."

higher risk for AIDS. They also leamed first-

"l'm afraid."

hand about the relationships between subjects'

"Afl'aid? Afraid of what?" "l'm afi'aid of asking Marcus to use

nation affects decision-making. Dr. Martin

them. Anyway,

Fishbein, of the University of Illinois, joined the effort as theoretical consultant to help in applying his Theory of Reasoned Action to the research. The theory continues to be a basis

of

Professor Beaman's work for NIH.

"The Theory of Reasoned Action is an attempt to understand why people behave the

way they do," said Dr. Fishbein, who is a professor of psychology at the University of

Illinois. "It's based on the assumption that people primarily do what they intend to do. So when we hope to change a person's behavior

Responses

I don't want to talk about it."

"What are you afraid of?"

"l'm afraid he'll

say no and

I'll

never

him again."

"We found that talking about health concems with the sex partner was one of the most see

significant factors in determining whether a couple used condoms," said Dr. Strader.

-

with the opinions shared by my important others. So accurate information from social

strong inclination toward male dominance and female submissiveness in the populations Professor Beaman has surveyed. "We can't

ignore the fact that we need to teach people to say no. A lot ofpeople only have to be taught how to say no. We need to talk about other

ways to share affection and pleasure without

Additional SIUE research funding is allowing Professor Beaman to begin another phase

their concems will be respected by the other partner. That's not the only reason young

of her investigation, working with male and

For the NIH project, Riley Maynard, assistant to the director of SIUE's Broadcasting Services, helped design and produce both a

have gained

obstacles to talking about intercourse include a

engaging in intercourse."

follow through on intentions?'

- including knowledge I is processed in combination

protected sex before becoming involved. The

role in the relationship don't have the confidence to voice their concerns or to expect that

couples don't use condoms, but it's an impor-

tive. What I know

from survey participants suggest

couples do not discuss the implications of un-

"Partners who habitually assume a submissive

we have to ask, 'What is the basis for the formation of volition; what spurs the will to

"One kind of influence is personal or attitudinal in nature. The second is social or norma-

tells us doesn't work. The project provided experience for my video students as well as for the actors from the Theater and Dance Depart-

happen to you. Why won't You use condoms?"

knowledge and attitudes, and how the combi-

"The control tape was finished most recently," said Riley Maynard. "lt reflects the 'preachy' prepared message that experience

tant one."

control and an experimental videotape.

"Margaret and I had talked about this possibil-

female adolescents both separately and together at East St. Louis during summer 1992.

"Somebody's got to work with couples," she said. "People violate one another because of a

lack of understanding. Men need to hear women's opinions, and it's easier for the women I'll be working with to express their opinions in a group."

ity for several years, and when NIH agreed to

Professor Beaman said she believes the

support the work, she and Marlene came to the

National Institutes of Health are moving

classroom to discuss what they needed with

my behavior as long as my significant others don't confirm or value the information or the

my corporate video students," said Professor

loward an emphasis on programs for adolescents;:Her summer 1992 work with adolescents

Maynard.

will foim the basis for her next proposal

behavior it encourages."

ingfunding outside SIUE.

the videotape message developed by Beaman, called "Condomplation," reflects Dr.

"We told Riley's students whatto do and we provided guidelines," what not to-do said Dr. Strader. "They wrote treatments, outlines, scripts; we proofed and discussed

Fishbein's theory as it dramatizes a behavior

their work."

agencies or authority figures

will

not change

A conversation between two girlfriends in

Professor Beaman has observed many times, hesitance on the part of young women to suggest that their male sex partners use

condoms. The two friends are leaving a

sexually transmitted disease clinic. LaDonna is relieved that her complaint was diagnosed as gononhea; "You know,, LaDonna, yott v'ouldn't

hav

to go through all this if you'd just use

condoms."

-

The l0-minute

experimental message

videotape uses Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned

Action to strengthen beliefs which positively influence condom use and counteract negative influential beliefs. To develop the l0-minute

Reseancu

& Cnranv'e AcrtvtrtEs

changing behavior, keep occurring in Margaret Beaman:s lpeech as she speculates about the

fulure for researchers in AIDS intervention.

She hopes that her experimental video message will provide some hope for the future of our young people. ':Listen, brothers and sisters,

.

now don't You get sick.

AIDS victims pray that they die reol

quick."

of busy clinic schedules, many health care workers have a canned speech about rhe subject," she said. The results were incorporated into the control message videotape. Both them evaluated during 1992.

SIUEI

Those important words, communication and

control message videotatrE; Professor Beaman surveyed the state's STD counselors. 'lBecause

videotapes are being tested and the response to

14

.

seek-

Georgia Voils, Resource Analyst' Office of Research and Projects, SIUE Graduate School

-By

PERCEPTIONS OF

IHE "ENYTNOilMEilTAl ENGIIIEERS"

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is interested in discovering how people perceive its

environmental focus. To aid in accomplishing this goal, the Corps is funding Daniel F. Havens, professor in the Department of English Language and Literature, "to discover what all of us think about the new direction

of

the Corps."

"My task is to gather information for

a

series of articles focusing on the pro-active

role the Corps is taking in becoming environmental engineers, as well as in continuing in their traditional mission as the architects and engineers of Congress," Professor Havens said.

He explained that the Corps has assigned top

priority to

a

new planning concept on the

Mississippi River

-

to avoid and minimize

any harmful impact on the environment and to

mitigate any unavoidable damage resulting from the development and operation of their projects.

As part of the project, Professor Havens has been traveling with riverboat captains, interviewing them about their responses to the work of the Corps on "their" river. He has also been conducting similar interviews with other professionals concemed with the river, including persons in the Fish and Wildlife Service and the Environmental Protection Agency.

Professor Havens is an experienced writer

Don Hovens

and interviewer, having gathered oral history in jazz studies for ten years.

In addition, he

said, "I love the outdoors

and that should

qualify me

environmentalist, at

as an amateur

least."

The results ofProfessor Havens' river interviews are appearing in such publications as The Waterways lournal.

SIIIE|

REIEARCH

& Cneenvr

Acnvmn l5

PAI}IflNES AND THEIR EFFEGT ON THE FRENCH REVOTUTION We often hear about the art of politics, but can art be political?

Two SIUE scholars are analyzing the political nature of art in the French Revolution and, more specifically, its role as a medium

for debate on public virtue as opposed to private interest. Edmund E. Jacobitti, professor in the Department of Historical Studies, and Stephen M. Brown, professor in the Department of Music, are pursuing an

developing a hierarchical imaging model that he has evolved from numerous investigations in computer vision. In other words, his project

Jacobitti and Brown are investigating the relationship between art and historical and political theory as seen in paintings of a major artist

radiological images for the purposes of clinical diagnosis and medical research.

The extension of this model will include object identification methods and the applica-

of the period, Jacques Louis David. Paintings

tion of the unified model to the analysis,

Horatii

they are studying include The Oath of the and Lictors Returning to Brutus the

resonance images (MRI). This biomedical

Bodies of his Sons. Their hypothesis is that

procedure helps doctors "see" patients'

these paintings constituted political statements and political practice by an actor in a revolu-

problems.

quantification, and visualization of magnetic

Professor Smith's research will have an impact on general biomedical image understanding and visualization. Specifically, it will

emphasizes the tension that exists in both

affect MRI image analysis, understanding, and visualization. In addition, the general modeling and visualization techniques derived for MRI can easily be generalized to include other

aesthetic theory and political theory between

biomedical imaging modalities.

developing a theoretical basis for linking aesthetic theory with political theory. His work

of

the desire for stability and absolute standards

Professor Smith is collaborating on part

on one hand, and the freedom to explore new

the research with Dr. Michael Vannier of the

ideas and to challenge the status quo on the

Washington University Medical School. Dr.

other.

Vannier has been providing data sets, consulta-

Professor Brown has done work on the variety of levels of interpretation of David's painting, The Oath of Horatii. He has explored the idea of the "authoritarian" in David's

tion, and radiological expertise.

Professor Smith's work represents a novel approach to the analysis of complex imagery, such as MRI. The development of reliable

painting, its source in conceptions ofgender roles, and its political and artistic ramifications

segmentation techniques for the analysis of MRI data and other complex image data is

in relationship to both Jacobinism and Neoclassicism.

Professors Brown and Jacobitti's views

provide a new way of looking at the French Revolutionary era. Through examining the art

of the time, they interpret the revolution as an escape from modernity and the individual freedoms it demands.

Kurt Smirh

Cntnnr Acnvtnx

working in biomedical imaging research,

image processing techniques to be used on

As part of the study, Professor Jacobitti is

SIUEI Rxtencn &

University Medical Center, Kurt R. Smith, assistant professor of electrical engineering, is

involves the development of computer-based

ings.

16

help patients.

As an SIUE Research Scholar Award recipient, and with funding from the St. Louis

with SIUE support.

tionary situation and were not simply paint-

Ednund Jacobitti ftightJ

Combine engineering expertise with medical knowledge and you get developments that

interdisciplinary approach to this question Examining the years 1785-1830, Professors

Stephn Brown (leltl

ENGINEERINO IN TIEDIGINE

important to permit the quantification of volumes of diseased tissue types. which is not now -eenerally possible.

UNDERSTANDTNG THE INTRICACIES OF FINANCIAT ACCOUNTING

LASER SPEGTROSGOPY

Money and how it is accounted for keeps business in business the world over. The

REVO1UTIONIZING

research of Linda M. Lovata, associate

PHYSTGAT GHEftIISTRY

professor of accounting, helps scholars and business people better understand financial

Leah C. O'Brien, assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, has brought laser spectroscopy to the SIUE chemistry department through a grant she received from the

National Science Foundation.

Although lasers have revolutionized many areas of experimental physical chemistry, the

accounting and its effects on decision makers.

Through SIUE funding, Professor Lovata has been working on various projects concern-

s

ing this topic. Her study on the conoborative relationship between eamings and cash flow information examined the connections between

majority of SIUE's chemistry graduates had no

residual security retums and both unexpected earnings and unexpected cash flow. Through

experience in laser spectroscopy, according to

her analysis, she found a conoborative effect

Professor O'Brien. Through this funding, she

between eamings and cash flow. Professor

is purchasing a laser system and spectrometer

Lovata's results show that the market analyzes

for the undergraduate physical chemistry

these signals in relation to each other, rather

aspects of accounting

than as independent events as prior research

will

had assumed.

complex world of business.

laboratory.

The equipment will also stimulate interest

in experimental physical chemistry, Professor

evaluate the financial strength or investment

phase metal-hydrides in the near infrared and

potential of companies in the United States.

her research. she

will

understand the electronic

U.S. corporations have complained that they

national mergers because of accounting rules mandating goodwill amortization. Cunent

istry and interstellar astronomy.

an effect because no effect on cash

transform spectrometer associated with the McMath National Solar Observatory in Arizona. From this research, she discovered a new electronic transition of argon-hydride,

help everyone better understand the

cannot compete with foreign firms in inter-

structure of these unusual molecules, providing

observing time at the high resolution Fourier

for monetary matters

goodwill has an impact on measures used to

knowledge for future research and researchers in various fields including combustion chemProfessor O'Brien was also awarded

Professor Lovata's research into various

Professor Lovata is also studying whether

O'Brien's research area. With SIUE funding, she has worked on laser spectroscopy of gas of copper-oxide in the near infrared. Through

Lindo Lwata

theory indicates that goodwill should not have

flows exists

and readers of financial statements are not

fooled by goodwill amortization. Professor Lovata plans to investigate the impact of these accounting matters; this investigation

will

aid

corporations and financial analysts.

thus bringing new knowledge to the field of

physical chemistry.

Professor O'Brien combines her research interests with teaching students about her

specialty of laser spectroscopy.

Leoh O'Brien

SIIIEI

Ri.SE,\RCH

&

Cnrst

t t, Atnt

rnr.s

17

MULfl.ETHNIC IITERARY VOICES AT SIUE

INGREASING NURSINO EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES

Building upon previous successful depart-

Since 1986, Roslyn Sykes, associate professor in SIUE's School of Nursing, has been the driving force behind hoject GAIN. Project GAIN (Get Ahead In Nursing) was

mental reading series, Jean

associate

guage and Literature, launched a full program of authors' readings in I99L Her aim was to

designed to provide increased nursing education opportunities for academically and/or economically disadvantaged individuals who come from an environment that may

inhibit them from obtaining knowledge, skills, and abilities required to enroll in and graduate

bring newly published multi-cultural writers to southwestem Illinois to speak to audiences in the metro East area who had seldom, if ever, heard multi-ethnic literary voices.

With the assistance of Eugene B. Redmond,

from a school of nursing.

The program provides disadvantaged and

also a professor in the Department of English Language and Literature, Professor Kittrell

minority high school sophomores, juniors, and

brought four visiting authors to the East St. Louis, St. Louis, Alton, and Edwardsville communities. These artists included: poet, essayist, and critic George Barlow; novelist and play-

seniors and entry level freshmen at SIUE an introduction to the skills needed to successful-

ly enter a four-year nursing program

as

well

as

sources of financial support needed to enable them to complete the nursing cuniculum.

Specific objectives for Project GAIN include: 1) strengthening procedures to identify,

wright Xam Wilson Cartier; playwright, poet, and short story writer Bill Hanis; and poet and literary arts organizer A. Wanjiku H. Reynolds.

Professor Kittrell exposed local audiences

recruit, and select qualified minority and disadvantaged students; 2) providing tutorial,

to living, published writers through public

mentoring, networking services, computer support, and academic monitoring; 3) provid-

thing to look at words on the printed page, and quite another to welcome an author into our

ing preliminary and preparatory courses; 4) pro-

nerghborhoods to share her work with us

viding sensitivity training for nursing faculty;

personally," contends Professor Kittrell.

"Reading Series 1991" was supported by the National Endowment for the Arts, SIUE,

and 5) providing travel opportunities and

financial support for students.

During the first four years, 123 disadvantaged students found their way into nursing

Roslyn Sykes

Kittrell,

professor in the Department of English Lan-

schools through Project GAIN, thanks to the continual efforts of Professor Sykes and her colleagues and the financial commitment of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Illinois Board of Higher Education.

readings, receptions, and workshops.

"lt's

one

and cooperating local institutions, including:

Hanis-Stowe State College, State Community College, Alton High School, Lincoln High School (East St. Louis), Sumner/N4cKinley High School (St. Louis), Langston Middle School (St. Louis), Edwardsville Senior Center, and the Edwardsville Chapter of the NAACP. The success of the '9 I series promises future strong authors' programs for the SIUE community.

Eugene Redmond (lehl Jeon Kittrell (rightl

18

SIUEI Rrsr..tncrr & Cnrnn

e Acrtvrnr,s

BUITDINGS STANDING UP

rO

EARTHQUAKES

STUDYING GERftIANY'S DRAftTAIIC CHANGES

With SIUE's proximity to the New Madrid fault, it seems only fitting that the campus

Given the dramatic and fundamental changes taking place in Eastern and Central

community should include a researcher on

Europe,

facets of seismic activity. Nader Panahshahi,

to have obtained a 1991-92 Fulbright Scholar

assistant professor in the Department of Civil

award to spend the academic year in Berlin,

Engineering, has been conducting studies in collaboration with engineers from the State

German unification first hand. Stahnke, a pro-

Arthur Stahnke

was indeed fortunate

where he could observe the difficult process

of

University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo.

Their goal is to determine the seismic response

fessor in the Department of Political Science,

of reinforced concrete buildings with flexible horizontal (floors) and vertical (shearwalls)

his research focused on "Transitions from

diaphragms.

East German Villages."

The scope of their work includes identifying and analyzing typical types of concrete buildings with steel reinforcements, such as

research were to determine what roles were

dual braced systems or buildings with vertical

was based at the Free University in Berlin, and

Authoritarian Rule: Political Chanse in Two The objectives of Professor Stahnke's played in the revolutionary changes

of

1989-90

or horizontal offsets. Professor Panahshahi and

by the East German people who lived outside the major metropolitan centers, and how small

will then determine the influence of diaphragm behavior on the seismic response of

communities there have proceeded with the tasks of reorganization and reconstruction

associates

these buildings. As a result

of this study, Pro-

since unification of the two Germanies took

fessor Panahshahi intends to develop simpli-

place in 1990. Professor Stahnke has had a re-

fied practical design guidelines and recommendations that incorporate the influence of

search interest in what used to be the German

flexible floor diaphragms.

Professor Panahshahi's research in conjunc-

Arthur Stohnke

Democratic Republic for more than a decade.

The Fulbright program, which funded Professor Stahnke's research, was developed in

tion with SUNY is being funded by SIUE and the National Center for Earthquake Engineer-

1946by the U.S. govemment "to increase mutual understanding between the people of

ing Research.

the United States and the people of other countries." More than 62,000 American scholars have participated in the program since its

inception. Professor Stahnke was one of almost 1,000 participants in l99l-92 who represented faculty from colleges and universities in the U.S.

Nader Ponohshohi

SIU

EI

Rt.st..^RCI

| & C nt,t

tr r.

Au

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l9

OPTIGS RESEARGH

RECONSTRUGTINO THE PAST

WITH LASERS

WITH ARGHAEO]OGY

Since the development of solid-state lasers, there has been a tremendous growth in the

Modem construction projects are providing SIUE's archaeologists with funding and oppor-

importance of optical materials. The uses

of

these materials include fiber optics and waveguides for communications, optical materials

for data storage, optoelectronic materials for optical switching, and various materials for sensors, as

well

as the development

of new

be assembled before structures that once stood on the site can be described.

technologically significant area is imperative.

Gerald Pogatshnik, assistant professor in

Archaeologist George R. Holley's current project for the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) will determine the potential

spectroscopy laboratory is a part of the research in optics conducted by the Physics

impact of property acquisitions and construc-

tion associated with the proposed expansion of

Department. The principle research tool in his laboratory is a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, which

Scon Air Force Base. Preliminary investigations identified a significant number of sites within the 3,700 acres surveyed containing

was funded by SIUE through support from the

evidence that human populations had lived

Graduate School and the School of Sciences.

Each pulse of light emitted from the laser lasts

there over the last I 1,000 years.

only 10 billionths of a second, yet the peak power during the flash is greater than that

and other staff members contribute expertise in

emitted from 50,000 l00W light bulbs. The short time width of the pulse enables him to use the light as a probe of the atomic dynamics in laser materials and other systems. His research in the field of non-linear optics examines the response of materials or systems subjected to high-intensity light beams.

Professor Pogatshnik is cunently directing research in his lab on the examination of light emission from color centers in crystals for

Dr. Holley, his colleague Dale Schaefer, variety of disciplines to SIUE's Contract Archaeology program. "You have to know the a

age

of what you find at

a

glance," says Dr.

Schaefer. "Soil characteristics, marks on pottery, rocks, and anowheads all must be catalogued. We have a well-rounded group, so no matter what we find, someone is qualified to

identify it."

Dr. Holley also helped establish research and educational field schools at the Cahokia

possible use as new laser materials, decay dynamics of rare-earth doped phosphate crys-

Mounds archaeological site. Participants have applied new methods to investigating the site.

Excavation as a means of gathering informa-

tals for high-temperature sensor application, and stimulated Raman scattering by gasses for

tion is destructive, but these new methods limit destruction of the cultural resources. Knowl-

use in Raman laser systems. The results

of

edge gained in the

field school

can be put to

these efforts are expected to contribute to the

use in other investigations such as the one

further development of optical technologies.

underway for IDOT.

GeorgeHow (hh) Dole Schoder (righr)

20 SIUil nneeRCH & CREAnvE AcrtvtrtEs

architectural evidence. Investigators find post holes and debris, pieces of apuzzle that must

laser materials. Continued research in this

the Department of Physics, has taken on the challenge of optics research. Work in his laser

C*rald Pqotshnik

tunities to reconstruct the region's past. But Midwestem weather, soil conditions, and tenain hasten the deterioration of artifacts and

A ftIODERN ftIAP ftIAKER

ONE OF THE NAIION'S STRONOESI HEAD START

PROORAilg

The tools of modem map-makers include satellites and computers. The maps created by

The quality of SIUE's East St. Louis Head Start program has eamed it a reputation as one

of the nation's strongest. Willie J. Epps, Head Start Program Coordinator for SIUE's East St. Louis Center, has found that national media attention to the plight of the city has made

today's methods are used to plan for the future

well as to record the present and study the past. Charles P. Kofron, coordinator for as

Research Data Services at SIUE, has recently received extemal funding for both basic and applied research in geographic information

financing that strong reputation a little easier.

"There is a real need here." he said, "and we

systems, a subject he also teaches.

don't have to worry about documenting that

Kof'ron developed the ability to prcicess satellite data along with vector data. He explained that "satellite data is very much like a picture,

need to the satislaction of proposal reviewers."

Head Start is a national program providing developmental services to preschool children of low-income families. To help enrolled children achieve full potential. the program

For the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Dr.

while vector data resembles what one sees on Corps's Cuivre River project in Missouri

provides comprehensive health. nutritional. educational, social, and other services. Dr.

allowed engineers to alter their view of the

Epps was one ofthe authors ofthe original St.

which areas were suitable for park development. In a second phase of the same project,

river and the land around il as they considered

Clair County Head Start Program grant proposal, which was funded by the Department

of

Health and Human Services in July 1983.

More than 5,720 preschool children have been served since then. The program has channeled a

total of

$ I 3,0 I 5,700

in contract and grant

funds through SIUE.

An essential feature of every Head Start program is the involvement of parents. Dr. Epps finds satisfaction in the sense ofhope he sees

growing in East St. Louis Head Start par-

ents. Twenty-three ofhis staffare parents

Dr. Kofron compared digitized maps prepared

by the Corps.before and after the damming of the river. Combining the results of that comparison with satellite image data produced a

multilayered computerized map. The methodology will help in assessing the impact of impounding the river's flow, including what happens to the surrounding land as water levels vary and how hydraulics of the area are affected.

of

For PRC, Inc., Dr. Kofron is developing

will

former Head Start children; more than 390 parents volunteered in the Head Start Program

programs and writing algorithms that

during the 1990-91 school year.

"Young Black boys are an endangered

resolution satellite data. "We're now at the

species," he said, "and they respond to Black male role models. I'm proud to work with the

doing a better job than humans can," said Dr. Kofron. "This work is the first phase in con-

parents as one of those rare role models in

I'm looking for

a

road map." Applying this capability to the

extract features like roads from relatively low stage where we believe the computers are

struction of an image understanding system,

when we see these Head Start kids enrolling in

which would interpret pattems and give users a picture of what's on the ground." Users of the

the University."

proposed system would not need to be image-

elementary education.

the day

Chorles Kofron

processing experts.

Dr. Kofron's formal training was in sociology, demography, and statistics. He leamed about image processing through his work, and enjoys sharing the on-screen results in presentations. "Some of the images we can generate are

just breathtaking," he said. "We get a lot of

oooh's and aaah's."

Wllie

Epps

SIIIEI

Rrseencu &

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21

DETERftTINTNO THE CAUSE OF PERIODONTAI DISEASE Dental practitioners as well as patients are

colleagues was the key to conducting and interpreting Edward J. Harrick's survey

hygiene. Furthermore, once gum lesions indicate the presence of infection, treatment

Management.

joint research project undertaken by Arthur N. Bahn and Paul Edward Wanda aims to characterize the DNA organization of an oral protozoan found in infected patients regardless of the quality of their oral hygiene. The two microbiologists believe the DNA probes developed in the course of their investigation will lead to tests dentists may use to rapidly and accurately determine the cause of patients' infections.

Dr. Bahn, section head of Microbiology in the School of Dental Medicine, brought clinical experience and curiosity about the relationship between Entamoeba gingivalis and

The project team sent out 6,000 six-page questionnaires, requiring about 40 minutes to complete, and received 1,200 responses to a single mailing. The two sponsoring organizations, Commerce Clearing House and the Society for Human Resource Management, mailed a total of 64,000 copies of the survey results to members and subscribers across the country.

Professor Hanick, who is a professor of management and also director of the Labor and Management Programs at SIUE, concluded from the remarks of the human resources professionals surveyed that "a great deal of inappropriate behavior is going on out there.

An opportunity exists for bold leadership in human resources management to deal with and

molecular biology, is an associate professor in

conect it."

the Department of Biological Sciences. Their partnership began when a conversation about

Despite expressing concern about the ethical violations reported in the study, Professor

covering classroom lectures turned to their individual research interests. "He mentioned this protozoan being associated with gum

Hanick was greatly encouraged by the response to questions about the ethical climate

it could be probe," said Professor detected with the DNA Wanda. "I told him I understood the way to approach it. It's something that's pretty new in

disease, and the possibility that

The immediate task is to produce as pure a culture as possible of T. tenax so that the DNA of the protozoan can be extracted and analyzed for a unique characteristic. Culturing outside of the periodontal pockets is difficult, and has been a stumbling block until now. Professors Bahn and Wanda's study is being supported by

funding from SIUE's Graduate School.

SIIIEI Rtsnncu & Cnrnrtr, Acnttnr.s

entitled Ethical Issues in Human Resources

Trichomonas tenax to the project. Professor Wanda, whose expertise is in virology and

dentistry. That's exciting."

22

Recruiting an interdisciplinary team of

frustrated by the occunence of periodontal disease in people who practice good oral

cannot begin until the cause is identified. A

Arthur Bohn (leh) Poul Wondo (right)

THE ETHICAT SIDE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANA@ETIENI

in business organizations. A strong majority of respondents said top management shows a

commitment to ethical busrness their organizations are seri ing and disciplining ethi occurs.

For the team's associate sophical about the lack can use to

people." that "gender di

respondents'ev unethical situati

Donald Strick of management, survey methodology to

Strickland finds that "funding looking for multidisciplinary because

of the complexity of the problems they

are investigating. This campus has enormous

expertise; we just have to continue finding mechanisms to bring it together."

The project has had a real pragmatic impact on the teaching of team member George

Sullivan, an associate professor of management. "Students don't bring up the subject of ethics in class discussions," he said, "but as soon as I introduce it in a lecture, they chime

right in with their own experiences and horror stories." Professor Sullivan's background is in

(ldtto rtshtl Don Stickhnd, John Danley, Ed Honick, George Sullivon

equal employment opportunity.

Looking back on the project, Professor Hanick derives satisfaction from the fact that the survey results were disseminated in both the academic and business communities.

"It

is

absolutely critical for researchers to develop those ties to business practitioners," he said.

SIIIEI

RESEARCH

& Cnenrur

Acnvtnrs

23

DIRECTORY

Area Code: 618

.

The Graduate School (Graduate Studies and Research)

.........

Office of Research and Projects

..'...692-3010

Rosemarie Archangel, Dean

....

'.......692-3162

Stephen L. Hansen, Associate Dean and Director

Karin Gregory, Administrative Aide Lillian O'Neal Manning, Project Coordinator Georgia Voils, Resource Analyst Teresa Goettsch Wingert, Research and Development Coordinator

.

School ofBusiness

.

Schoolof

"""""""'692-3823

David E. Ault, Dean

.

DentalMedicine patrick J. Fenillo Jr., Dean

School ofEducation

Gary L. Hull,

.463-3920

.......'......."

Dean

.

School ofEngineering

.

Colby V. Ardis, School of Fine Arts and Communications

.

David J. Sill, Acting Dean School of Humanities

.

David L. Butler, School of Nursing

.

School of Sciences

Dean

Dean..

Nancy S. Creason,

School of Social Sciences Samuel C. Pearson, Dean

.

Dean........... .........

East St. Louis Center

JohnettaA.Haley,Director

. .

Lovejoy Library

........"".

Director.......

Gary N.Denue, Office of Continuing Education Lynn E. Dieterich, The University Museum

Director

.

. .

"""'692-2541 .."""'692-2771 .....692-3014

Dean..........

David I. Steinberg, Acting

.

........'

"""""692-3350

"""""'692-3956 '692-3170

.........'692-2372 "482-6900

"""""""692-2603

"""""""'692-3210

Director.......

"""""'692-2996

President

."'......"692-2794

David C. Huntley, Development and Public Affairs James R. Buck, Vice University News Services

Saml.Smith,Director..............

....."692-3600

Graduate School Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville

Edwardsville,

lL

62026-1046

fG)

southern rllinois university at Edwardsville