BEAU

Built Environment Architecture Urbanism

OMA, Rem Koolhaas and Ole Scheeren, designers, David Gianotten, partner-in-charge // CCTV - Headquarters,

Roadmap with a strong emphasis on energy efficiency, user-inspired design and reuse, using cities as a lab environment for innovative firms that share their findings in the cloud.

Beijing CN (photo by Iwan Baan)

Editing // Frank van der Hoeven, Bouwkunde, TU Delft Design // Sirene Ontwerpers, Rotterdam Images are obtained directly from entrepreneurs that participate in CLICK//BEAU. No part of their work may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the referenced creative entrepreneurs.

January 2012

cepezed // Audax Textielmuseum Tilburg (photo by Audax Textielmuseum Tilburg)

Built Environment Architecture Urbanism

r Scope 8/9 r Vision and ambition 10/11 r Ecosystem 12/13 r Competitiveness 14/15 r Developments 16/17 r Relevance 18/19 r Programme 28/29 r Budget and instruments 30/31 r Network 6/7

scope This CLICK//BEAU innovation and knowledge agenda concerns the Dutch architectural services industry as part of the Dutch creative industry. Its core consists of design firms, academies and institutes in architecture (including interior architecture), architectural engineering, urban design, urban planning, spatial planning, landscape architecture, and built heritage. The architectural services industry is characterised by important crossovers with other creative industries, the supply industry, the building industry and a broad range of other stakeholders in the built environment, including housing associations, energy providers and health services. As such the agenda covers the full width of the field of Built Environment, Architecture & Urbanism.

Braaksma & Roos Architectenbureau // BK City, Delft

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BEAU = architecture, interior architecture, architectural engineering, urban design, urban planning, spatial planning, landscape architecture, and built heritage

vision and ambition

The CLICK//BEAU agenda supports become the most innovative creative that is no longer restrained by its origi Integration of market, academia and public authorities CLICK//BEAU strengthens the international reputation and competitiveness of the Dutch architectural services industry, bolsters innovation through stronger ties and collaboration between design firms, construction industries, corporate owners, user groups, academia and public authorities, and unlocks sources of national and international research funding for the benefit of the built environment, architecture and urbanism research - funding that was not previously visible or accessible.

Regional impact CLICK//BEAU acknowledges Amsterdam, Delft, Rotterdam and Eindhoven as important clusters of design and innovation in built environment, architecture and urbanism. The local conditions here can be further developed, allowing its design industries to grow and innovate.

2020: the

De Zwarte Hond // Cultural Quarter De Nieuwe Kolk, Assen (photo by Harry Cock)

CLICK’s overall ambition to industry in Europe, an industry inal disciplinary boundaries.

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Economic and cultural importance

New fields

CLICK//BEAU recognises in the current crisis a unique challenge to spur a new generation of creative entrepreneurs.

Architecture and design gives expression to the cultural values of an open society that has developed over centuries. Dutch design is able to provide, through high-quality architecture (including interior architecture), urban design and landscape architecture, an important contribution to the quality of life in the Netherlands.

CLICK//BEAU encourages the current architectural services industry to integrate with other creative industries, with supply industries and other partners in the value chain to fully integrate resource efficiency, userinspired design and reuse into design practices.

most innovative creative industry in Europe

ecosystem

The ecosystem of the Dutch architect industry is predominantly informal an an intrinsic web of relationships betwe design firms, knowledge institutes, l national authorities and planning bod Architecture is the only creative industry that has been acknowledged in national policy making for two decades. The Ministries of Education, Culture and Science and Infrastructure and the Environment are jointly responsible for an active architecture policy that provides a broad infrastructure, effectively facilitating the sector.

The sector is fairly spread out over the western part of the Netherlands with Rotterdam and Amsterdam as clusters of innovative international leading design firms. Rotterdam plays a specific role in this web.

BARCODEArchitects // Stadscampus Spoorzone Tilburg

It houses the infrastructure of the government’s architecture and design policy: the Netherlands Architecture institute (NAi), the Berlage Institute, the Netherlands Architecture fund (SfA), the International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam (IABR).

It is also home to OMA, the leading international partnership practising architecture, urbanism, and cultural analysis.

Archite acknow

tural services nd constitutes een ocal and dies.

Creative firms such as Claus en Kaan, OMA, UNStudio, MVRDV, KCAP, Maxwan, and West 8 act as international hubs of designers and often function as a springboard for new design firms. A strict separation between practice and academia does not exist. Leading designers teach at the universities and schools in Amsterdam, Delft, Rotterdam and Eindhoven.

10/11 An intricate network of local and regional organisations and architecture centres are dedicated to knowledge management and interaction, including Architectuur Lokaal. The link between architecture and complex regional development tasks strengthens the bond with new markets and the real estate world, all in search of new sustainable solutions.

This dense tapestry of individual roles of various players in the golden triangle is what characterises the innovation network of Dutch architecture services industry today.

ecture is the only creative industry that has been ledged in national policy making for two decades

competitiveness

Dutch architecture and planning enjoy a strong international reputation.

The high quality in design is developed by the Dutch political system in which science, creativity and planning were closely linked.

The Modern movement, ‘the Randstad concept’, and the Superdutch architecture are all phenomena born from this special tradition, characterised by conceptual power, pragmatism, flexibility, craftsmanship and originality. The geographical concentration of leading design firms as well as the dense institutional fabric of formal and informal institutions underpins the competitiveness of the sector. The long-standing Dutch tradition of creating opportunities for new firms (for instance, by enlightened commissioning) supports the innovative edge of the sector.

Given the fact that many spin-offs are started by foreigners, that openness should be extended towards them and their firms as well.

Geo

Dense inst

H+N+S Landschapsarchitecten // Water system, New Orleans

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ographical concentration of leading design firms / titutional fabric of formal and informal institutions

development

Given the ferociousness of the crisis, in the industry – internationalisation, diversification, mergers and start-ups to continue and to strengthen.

The crisis has set the stage for a radical shakeup of the entire industry, signalling that the sector needs to change. As shown by previous crises (e.g. the 1980s), severe conditions can push firms to adopt new market approaches and innovations, including organisational innovations.

The current generation of Superdutch architects is the ‘child’ of such a previous crisis. CLICK// BEAU similarly perceives the current crisis as an innovative opportunity, and not as a threat.

Th Marx&Steketee architecten // Grote Kerk, Veere (photo by Rene de Wit)

the current shifts specialisation, – are likely The sector as a whole is rethinking its creative entrepreneurial position, and is considering moving into other design areas.

The leading design offices have geographically diversified their markets during the last decade and have become true international firms with offices in New York, Beijing, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Toronto, and ZĂźrich.

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The existing fine-grained government-financed infrastructure is about to change as well.

The institutes for architecture (NAi), design (Premsela) and new media (Virtueel Platform) will be merging in 2013 into a new Institute for the Creative Industry.

The scope of Netherlands Architecture fund will expand to include design and e-culture.

The Berlage Institute is about to merge with TU Delft.

he crisis is an innovative opportunity, not a threat

relevance

Design in architecture and the built a key impact on the quality of life of In a poll commissioned by the UK Centre of Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) in 2002: “81% of people said they are ‘interested in how the built environment looks and feels’, with over a third saying they are ‘very interested’ and another third wanting more of a say in the design of buildings and spaces. 85% of people agreed with the statement ‘better quality buildings and public spaces improve the quality of people’s lives’ and thought that the quality of the built environment made a difference to the way they felt.”

In 2009, the production of architecture and engineering services amounted to €13.6 billion, with an added value of €6.7 billion. Architectural services are furthermore indispensable to the overall construction sector, which accounts for 5% of Dutch domestic gross product.

Questioned on the nature of its activities, the architectural service industry has indicated that 25% to 33% of its turnover can be earmarked as research and development activities.

The new development towards Design-BuildFinance-Operate-Maintain (DBFOM) offers more incentives to go after innovative solutions, creating the potential for even a larger share.

MVRDV // China Comic and Animation Museum, Hangzhou CN

environment has people.

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Better quality buildings and public spaces improve the quality of people’s lives

programme

The Dutch architectural service indus perceive the Dutch society as a ‘living grand challenges such as climate and

The cross-cutting topics of the CLICK agenda, the options linking the agen leading sectors and the related socio-spatial challenges that are identified of the new architecture and design policy represent jointly the innovation years to come. Based on discussions with its partners, CLICK//BEAU envisa reinforcing programmes: Cutting Edge, Value Chain, Hotbed/Test Bed and Cutting Edge creates knowledge and develops skills that allow the Dutch architectural services industry to develop a competitive edge through advances in strategic areas.

The roadmap identifies resource efficiency, userinspired design and reuse as such areas.

Value chain is the programme activity that reformulates the position of the designer in the value chain, and rethinks the design office in the context of enlightened commissioning and European procurement.

Knowledge a architectural serv a competitive

try has the opportunity to lab’, a territory that faces energy.

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ndas of other in the framework themes for the ages four new Creative Cloud.

Hotbed/Test Bed perceives the urban environment as a living lab, allowing designers to switch from a supplyoriented service industry towards a demandoriented industry. That same urban environment has to provide the niche where new and innovative design businesses can flourish. Hotbed/test bed investigates and improves those conditions.

Creative Cloud facilitates sharing libraries, archives, data, and designs with all partners in the creative industry. BEAU proposes such a program because innovation in a fragmented sector requires an approach that allows participants to have (open) access to information, (open) data, research findings, and design concepts.

and skills allow the Dutch vices industry to develop edge in strategic areas

programme

Cutting edge

From time to time, the architecture and built environment sector is able to leap forward as a result of external impulses, such as the introduction of regulations or the current economic crisis. The next innovative leap that th services industry has to make concerns resource efficiency, user-inspired

Resource efficiency A pressing innovative leap that the Dutch architectural service industry has to make concerns the recast of the EU directive on energy performance of buildings (2002/91/EC).

This directive requires that from 2020, all new buildings (and all buildings that undergo major renovation) become nearly zero energy buildings.

In the course of the next decade, Dutch designers will need to explore how to turn this requirement into new design concepts that allow them to innovate Dutch architecture once more.

Becoming international leading experts in the field of zero energy building will allow the architectural design industry to expand

easily their market from the Netherlands to the other EU member states, where the same requirements apply.

Retrofitting the existing European building stock will provide the sector with work for decades to come. The task allows the introduction of new and innovative high-tech materials with properties that help to improve the quality of life in buildings and the overall urban environment.

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take a collective national or EU he architecture design, and reuse.

User-inspired design The ‘modern movement’ embarked on a course of standardisation and industrialisation of mass and social housing in its drive to create affordable living space for the working class. Repetition became a style icon, both in housing and urban planning. As a result, little attention was paid to societal trends or the development of actual user needs.

Nowadays, the reality of the ageing population and the need (including the financial need) to keep people out of care institutions as long as possible provide CLICK// BEAU with a unique incentive to refocus.

How can we adapt existing housing and urban areas to the needs of all generations?

A fundamental research approach is required that delves into the requirements of new and retrofitted buildings.

How can they respond to different types of uses and users? The answers need to be translated into concepts to be tested in living lab conditions.

A similar challenge exists on an urban scale as well.

City centres and urban districts often lack a design strategy that gives serious consideration to the requirements of those who use public spaces. Under the current economic conditions, including the prevalence of vacant office and shop premises, it has become clear that some centres and neighbourhoods are less strong than others. j

programme

Cutting edge

j The performance of centres and urban districts can improve significantly if the design of buildings and public spaces is based on a thorough understanding of the behaviour of users.

User-inspired design involves with the knowledge that is required to allow the architectural service industry to move away from a supplydriven approach towards a demand-oriented one.

Reuse The dominant design mission in Europe is clearly changing from constructing new buildings and new districts towards the reuse of existing buildings and existing neighbourhoods. This shift requires new methods for assessing the value of the existing built environment and for new design concepts, including new concepts that allow buildings and districts to be improved in terms of resource efficiency, health, security and mobility.

Reuse allows the architectural services industry to develop an important and strategic new market that will steadily develop in much of the EU member states and beyond.

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First initiatives 2012/2013 Polyarch A groundbreaking initiative that explores the use of polymer coatings in architecture. Polymer coatings are smart materials that have the potential to revolutionise functions and properties of the building’s facade. Polymers can improve the sustainability of the built environment, reduce the use of fossil fuels and improve user comfort in buildings.

Citylab 0X0 Citylab 0X0 investigates the way people use city centres, their services and transport systems through the real-time observation of users. The city centres of the participating cities will act as testing ground. The programme develops an observation/ tracking methodology that is scalable and can be combined with instruments and models that describe and predict the

performance of urban areas and buildings in support of planning and design.

Vacant User-based approach for vacant buildings and concepts of temporary use.

programme

Value Chain The role of designers in the value chain is often limited to providing services to a commissioning party. The designer’s role strongly depends on the quality of that party. Enlightened commissioning receives much deserved attention in the Dutch architectural and design policy.

An architectural service industry that becomes international will however encounter many more commissioning parties than just Dutch clients.

Commissioning is further complicated through the rules of European procurement that often pose obstacles for young and innovative design offices. Research is required into solutions that allow new offspring offices to bid for procured commissions as young talent struggles with the requirements of procurement in a context where the quality of commissioning is improved.

The realignment of the design and construction industry forces most actors to reconsider their role and position in that value chain, not just the designer.

The challenge is to develop new concepts for services offered by architects, crossovers with other design industries, and new collaborations within the value chain.

New ways of developing buildings, such as the Design-Build-FinanceOperate-Maintain (DBFOM) principle, may change the position of the designer in the value chain. The architect/ designer can grow into a creative director, firmly footed on his/her operational excellence.

The optimisation of the value chain requires an improved flow of primarily digital information that spans the all the way from design via construction and use to reuse. This flow of information offers the opportunity to benchmark

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the resource efficiency of the design of buildings, districts and cities, and can reinforce the Cutting Edge programme.

Key topics that need to be addressed by CLICK// BEAU under the Value Chain topic are enlightened commissioning, European procurement, Building Information Modelling (BIM) and the next architectural services. The programme fits seamlessly with the CLICK’s CI//NEXT cross-cutting theme.

First initiatives 2012/2013 Palladio NWO/STW and the deans of the Delft and Eindhoven faculties of Architecture will be initiating a programme called Palladio in 2012. Palladio focuses on the aesthetic, technological and sustainable aspects of architecture in the context of enlightened commissioning and European procurement.

As the first of its kind, the programme will be used to explore the specific assessment criteria that allow a proper assessment of architecture and built environment programmes.

programme

Hotbed/Test bed The programme focuses on reinforcing the Netherlands as a hotbed and test bed for innovative international design services, education and research. Cities will function as ‘living lab’ environments for the innovations that are identified under ‘cutting edge’.

Participating cities (and/ or regions) will in addition actively engage in improving the conditions that allow design firms to excel. Such actions include the establishment of design services incubators, and experiments with areas where innovative projects no longer have to deal with red tape.

The programme covers communication, imaging and framing: discourses, ideology, marketing and branding in relation to the crossovers with spatial and infrastructure planning, industrial design, advertising and fashion.

The programme includes the participation of smaller and bigger companies in the field of real estate, sustainability and social housing, cities and regions.

The Hotbed/Test Bed

programme provides the architectural service industry a test environment that supports the conversion of supplydriven industry towards demand-oriented industry.

At the same time, it is aimed at improving the innovative environment in which the sector operates.

First initiatives 2012/2013 Delft Design & Technology Solutions Lab The city of Delft, the TU-Delft and the The Hague and INHolland schools for higher professional education are about to initiate the so-called Delft Design & Technology Solutions Lab as a concept towards open innovation, valorisation, and (pre-)incubation. The initiative covers industrial design and architectural design as a lever to technological innovations.

programme

Creative cloud

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The fragmented architectural services industry needs to share innovations and knowledge between firms and knowledge institutes in an open data/open access environment, the creative cloud.

The development of a creative cloud is a crosscutting action that is intended to generate those ’design-driven solutions’ that individual designers are not always capable of.

It allows them to link to ICT design, industrial design, web design, graphic design, sustainable design, and cultural heritage that are all included in the cloud.

The main objective of the creative cloud programme is to share libraries, archives, data, and designs to ensure that the whole creative industry can benefit from the investments in the CLICK// BEAU programming.

First initiatives 2012/2013 Virtual Architecture Library The Netherlands Architecture institute (NAi), TU Delft’s Faculty of Architecture (FoA) and the TU Delft Library are initiating an attempt at developing a joint interface that will unlock their collections to all users, and to digitise the most valuable and soughtafter parts of their collections.

The project will seek funding from the NWO or EU. Virtual Architecture Archive The NAi, FoA and the 3TU Datacentre are making a joint attempt at establishing a repository for storing attributes from the NAi’s and FoA’s collections, and for archiving the data files of the most prominent players in the Dutch architectural services industry.

This project will also seek funding from the NWO or EU.

Budget and instruments Firms A recent poll of the members of the ‘Federatie Dutch Creative Industries’ (FDCI) shows that creative entrepreneurs are willing to invest an average of €14,000 out of pocket and €3,500 in staff time in the CLICK programme. The goal is to include up to hundred participating entrepreneurs.

status as technology in this respect. Design is a solid driver of innovation in the architectural services industry. Instruments that are aimed at supporting innovation need to underscore this. Definitions should be adjusted where necessary.

Innovatie Prestatie Contracten (IPC) can be useful as well. An IPC subsidy however amounts to €25k per SME for projects with a total of 10 to maximum 20 SMEs. An IPC project can therefore be budgeted between €250k (small) and €500k (large).

Ministry of EL&I The same FDCI poll revealed that 55% of them were aware of instruments such as the WBSO, but never applied for them, while 25% of the members had even never heard of them. In all, 80% of the creative entrepreneurs have no experience with the WBSO, or have even heard of it.

EL&I needs to ensure that the instruments such as the WBSO, RDA, RDA+ or IPC are tailormade for the creative industry.

Design-driven innovation often lacks the formal recognition that technology-driven research and development enjoy. Design however deserves the same Financier

FDCI Innovation vouchers The ‘Federatie Dutch Creative Industries’ (FDCI) proposes to introduce innovation vouchers that facilitate short-term research projects, initiated by the creative industry and conducted by research institutes, universities and the industry itself. These vouchers will be relatively small, worth €7,500 each, but there are hundreds of SMEs in the sector that could make use of them.

Firms

Activities

Foundations

Commissioning

Universities

Associations

parties

& HBO

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Fundamental research Applied research Valorisation Total Budget CLICK//BEAU 2015

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28/29 NWO Fundamental research is required into the topics of energy efficiency, user behaviour and reuse. These areas cover respectively the traditional NWO fields of technology (STW), social sciences and the humanities.

In assessing the quality of researchers and proposals, NWO should incorporate design as a core qualification for research in Built Environment, Architecture, Urbanism.

TNO The TNO budget includes instruments such as Technology Cluster, Branch Innovation Contract, and Co-financing. TNO’s position in the Energy Efficiency Building association could be of strategic importance in the area of resource efficiency.

Universities The universities operate in the areas of fundamental research, applied research and valorisation.

Region National, regional and local governments can EL&I

NWO

KNAW

spur innovation in the built environment, architecture and urbanism though demand-based innovation. The state, provinces, regions and municipalities commission many projects involving buildings, public spaces, centres, districts, cities and landscapes. This means the government can play a strategic role as an early adaptor of innovations, while paving the way for innovative start-up design firms.

EU The EU provides additional funding opportunities through the FP7 EEB PPP, INTERREG, the Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) programmes, Joint Programming Initiatives on Urban Europe and Cultural Heritage & Global Change. Success rates in European programmes are low. CLICK//BEAU welcomes a subsidy scheme for coordinators/ lead partners that allow them to invest time and money in the development of European research proposals.

TNO

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CLICK//BEAU 2011 network

// H+ // Koninklijke Maatschappij

OMA/AMO // Roadmap 2050: A practical guide to a prosperous, Low-Carbon Europe

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// 3TU.Bouw/ Centre of Expertise on the Built Environment // ARUP // aTA/architectuurcentrale Thijs Asselbergs // Barcode Architects // Berlage Institute // BO.2 architectuur en stedenbouw bv // Stichting Brabant Academy // Braaksma & Roos Architectenbureau // Brink Groep B.V. // cepezed // Claus en Kaan architecten // Delft Design // Gemeente Delft // Dick van Gameren architecten +N+S Landschapsarchitecten // Hogeschool voor de Kunsten Utrecht (HKU) // HunterDouglas Europe B.V. // Inbo tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst Bond van Nederlandse Architectecten BNA // Marx&Steketee architecten // MVRDV // Neutelings Riedijk Architecten // OMA // ONL [Oosterhuis_LĂŠnĂĄrd] BV // Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (RCE) // Gemeente Rotterdam // Spierings en Swart Architectenbureau // TNO Gebouwde Omgeving // TU Delft / College van Bestuur // TU Delft / Faculteit Bouwkunde // TU Eindhoven / Faculteit Bouwkunde // UNStudio // VAA. Van Aken Architecten // VU Amsterdam / Faculteit der Letteren // De Zwarte Hond Chairmen Frank van der Hoeven <f.d.vanderhoeven@tudelft.nl> Fred Schoorl <FSchoorl@bna.nl>

UNStudio // Galleria Department Store, Seoul