PORTFOLIO FOR MARCH URBAN DESIGN

[ PORTFOLIO ] LIU YONGXIAO APPLY FOR UCL BARTLETT MARCH URBAN DESIGN SELECTED WORKS 2019-2022 UNDERGRADUATE OF URBAN AND RURAL PLANNING TEL: +86 18611501899 E-MAIL: 865817233@qq.com

01 ZEN BORN UNDERGROUND

01

RELIGIOUS COMPLEX DESIGN Date: 7/2022-10/2022 Area: 8.87ha Nanjing, China

02 NO MORE REFUGEES

PROLOGUE - For History and Nature

Time has left us history, and also has pushed us to the future. History has gradually withdrawn from our real life, becoming fragile and dilapidated, but increasingly important. The future shields us from the history, but it also endows us to recall the past. The history should become clearer in the years to come.

But the reality is not so. Our lifestyle is erasing the traces of history, and this process is accelerating.

The construction of cities seems to be racing against nature. We are striving to build, while nature is rapidly recycling our achievements. When the future gives us more powerful influence, urban designers should make a choice between accelerating creation and mitigating loss.

08

EDUCATIONAL & SHELTER AECHITECTURE DESIGN Date: 10/2022-12/2022 Area: 638ha Kajiado, Kenya

03 LIVE WITH ANCIENT CITY

14

HERITAGE CENTERED PLANNING & DESIGN Date: 4/2021-6/2021 Area: 18.8ha Nanjing, China

04 SALVAGE THE HARBOR

20

COASTAL PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN Date: 6/2021-12/2021 Area: 18.9ha Helsinki, Finnland

05 OTHER WORKS SOCIAL RESEARCH

- The Integration Degree of Nanjing International Community

GIS APPLICATION

- Green Space Design Based on Ecological Sensitivity Analysis - "Double Evaluation" of National Territory Development Plan

MANUAL MODEL

- Laser Cutting - Chess Based on the Contradiction between Modernism and Postmodernism

Date: 9/2020-6/2022

28

01 ZEN BORN UNDERGROUND Religious Complex Design Qingliang Mountain, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

Area: 8.87ha Type: Individual Academic Work Date: 7/2022-10/2022 Instructor: Yan Wang 101012656@seu.edu.cn Keywords: Buddhism, Multi-function, Urban Regeneration

Nowadays, with the rapid development of society, people suffer from spiritual emptiness caused by highly pressured urban life while enjoying rich material life.

Thus, the tranquil atmosphere and spiritual purification provided by Buddhist Zen spaces become increasingly important.

The Qingliang Mountain in Nanjing is a small natural mountain. Historically, it was once an important Buddhist site. There were Buddhist buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties on the hill, making a robust Buddhist atmosphere. This design aims to create an open public Zen space, and explores the development potential of Qingliang Mountain underground space. Building Zen space underground can protect cultural heritages and avoid suffering from high temperatures.

Under the Qingliang Mountain, this design uses the parameterized technique to integrate the Buddhist Zen space with the daily living space through the combination of carefully designed units, and constructs an underground Zen complex.

Jan. Dec.

40 35

℃

Feb.

30

Nov.

History Collage - Extracting Zen Mar.

25 20 15

Average TEM in past 10 years

10

Oct.

Jiangsu, China

Apr.

Sep.

May.

Average TEM in 2021 Aug.

Jun.

Nanjing, Jiangsu

Jul.

Military Fortress in The Six Dynasties

Qingliang Platform Buddhist temples were built on the platform. It was mentioned in many important Chinese poems.

Buddha Temple in Tang Dynasty

Important Place for Literati

Tourist Attraction in Modern

Space Generation of Zen Atmosphere Key Elements of Creating Zen Atmosphere

Qingliang Temple A Buddhist temple built in the Qing Dynasty which was the Buddhist Center in Nanjing

Arch

The Use of Light

The Use of Water

Rhythm of Space

Buddha Statue

Natural Landscape

Chongzheng Academy The academy was built in the Ming Dynasty with a style of Jiangnan gardens.

Saoye Building The former residence of Gong Xian, a famous painter and poet in the early Qing Dynasty

Basic Unit Residence

Buddha Temple

Exhibition Space

Courtyard

Vertical Traffic

Office Area

Site Main Road Fomer Site of Xiyin Academy One of the eight famous academies in Nanjing in the late Qing Dynasty

Road Across Site Historical Buddhist Architecture Vital Historical Architecture Bus Station

Former residence of Wei Yuan, a statesman and writer in the Qing Dynasty

Functions of Space Residence

44.1m

Courtyard

Buddha Temple

Vertical Traffic

Exhibition Space

Office Area

UNIT Mudule-A Vertical Traffic

Mudule-B Residence

Staircase

Apartment

Elevator

Garden

Ramp

6m

6m

Small Buddha Hall

Mudule-C Working Area

Mudule-D Exhibition Area

Working Room

15m

Garden 7.5m

Porticos

15m

9m

Mudule-E Courtyard

Mudule-F Buddha Hall

Exhibition Gallaery

Porticos

Figure of the Buddha

Staff Office

Pond

Porticos

Open Space

15m

9m

Open Space

24m

21m

Meditation Area

30m

21m

UNIT ASSEMBLY COMPOSITION 1

COMPOSITION 2

COMPOSITION 3

The compositon has a large courtyard space as the core and an assembly of the living, exhibition, office, and other functional spaces, creating a Zen atmosphere with great openness.

The composition has the large Buddha hall as the core, and an assembly of the living, exhibition, office, and other functional spaces, featuring a significant Zen atmosphere.

The composition includes small living, office, exhibition and vertical traffic spaces. This composition's primary function is to meet life's needs and has a certain open activity space.

E1

F1

B2

B1

D2

C2

A2

Zen

Habitability

Habitability

E4

F4

B2

B1

D1

C4

Zen

Zen

Openness

Habitability

Openness

D3

C3

Habitability

E2

B3

B4

A1

A3

Zen

Zen

Openness

Habitability

Habitability

Openness

B4

C1

A1

Zen

Openness

Openness

B3

Zen

E3

Habitability

A4

Zen

Openness

Habitability

D2

Zen

Openness

Habitability

Openness

After parametric design operations based on the limits of the site boundary, we generate several complexes composed of various units, and select the most appropriate one. The whole complex consists of 2701 units. The large courtyard units are arranged consecutively, with the ends wrapped up by the Buddha Hall space to form the core Zen space. Around the core, spaces are the external service modules and living modules composed of the small exhibition, office, and living space in sequences or units.

FUNCTION CONFIGURATION Residence (839)

Courtyard (63)

Vertical Traffic (296)

Buddha Hall (22)

Exhibition Area (641)

Working Area (840)

GENERATED PLAN

PERSPECTIVES

02 NO MORE REFUGEES Educational and Shelter Architecture Planning & Design Kiserian, Kajiado, Eldoret, Kenya

Study Area: 638ha Type: Group Work, Academic Work Role in Team: Background Research 90%, Concept 80%, Architectural Design 80%, Technical Drawing 90% Date: 10/2022-12/2022 Instructor: Yan Wang 101012656@seu.edu.cn Keywords: Equity, Food Security, Locality

Kenya is one of the countries most seriously affected by the refugee problem. The refugee problem in Africa is closely related to food security. In recent years, natural disasters and disease in Kenya have been frequent in Kenya, leading to a sharp decline in the efficiency of food production, which caused an outbreak of refugees.

The project aims to address food security to alleviate the refugee problem at its root by planning and building a series of architectures with educational and shelter functions. The refugees will be sheltered and re-educated in these architectures to become specialists with professional agricultural skills.

We selected an area around Kiserian, Kenya, as the research scope, collected relevant information about the site, and determined the location and volume of buildings through the genetic algorithm, to ensure livelihoods, reduce costs, and facilitate education and space equity. Finally, based on the analysis of local resources, functional needs, climate characteristics, and other factors, we designed buildings with solid local features in three different scales.

MAPPING

ANALYSIS ON LOCAL PROBLEMS Farmland

Forests

Open Space

Main Road

Secondary Road

East Africa refugees

Commercial Buildings

9351k

Population of East Africa 25839 10k

2016

Waters

0.168

7526

Kenyan refugees

Corn yield in Africa

7951

Coronavirus additions in Kenya

0

Ratio of refugees from East Africa

East Africa refugees 5409k

200m

25918 10k

2017

0

N

Population of East Africa

7567 8415

Kenyan refugees

Corn yield in Africa

0.209

Coronavirus additions in Kenya

0

East Africa refugees 5212k

Population of East Africa

2018

25849 10k 7480

0.202

8752

Kenyan refugees

Corn yield in Africa

Coronavirus additions in Kenya

0

10min

East Africa refugees 5114k

Population of East Africa 27964 10k Kenyan refugees

2019

5min

7705

0.183

9531

Corn yield in Africa

Coronavirus additions in Kenya

0

East Africa refugees 5102k

27938 10k Kenyan refugees

2020

E

W

Population of East Africa

7422

0.183

8856

Corn yield in Africa

Coronavirus additions in Kenya

96643

East Africa refugees 5216k

Population of East Africa

2021

28049 10k Kenyan refugees 7529

0.186

9022

Corn yield in Africa

Coronavirus additions in Kenya

296062

East Africa refugees 5245k

28105 10k Kenyan refugees

2022

S

Population of East Africa

7630

0.187

8943

Corn yield in Africa

Coronavirus additions in Kenya

338214

El Nino swept Africa, reducing food production and making tens of millions into famine.

The conflict in South Sudan intensified.

Thousands of refugees arrived in Congo after fleeing South Sudan.

Rain exacerbated the cholera outbreak at refugee camps in Kenya. More than 1,000 fell ill due to the disease.

Seven people died, and at least 1000 homes were destroyed in fires that ripped through Knysna and Plettenberg Bay. Cape Town was hit by a severe drought with stringent restrictions imposed and threats made of a 'day zero'.

24.2 million Africans were forced to leave their homes in 2017, 4.6 million more than the previous year.

The Nigerian government launched a mass vaccination campaign, in alliance with the World Health Organization (WHO), to immunize more than 25 million people before the end of this year.

Listeria has caused more than 60 people dead across South Africa, with nearly 750 confirmed cases.

Parts of southern and East Africa s u ff e r e d f r o m n a t u r a l d i s a s t e r s .

Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and Zimbabwe declared drought an emergency, as it destroyed crops and claimed the lives of animals.

In July, Ethiopia's government launched a major reforestation program to combat climate change.

COVID-19 is accelerating in Africa.

Africa recorded its first case of the new disease in mid-February. Child food insecurity rose by 20 percent because of COVID-19. Schools were closed in 14 nations. The disruption to education has resulted in poor nutrition, stress, and increased exposure to violence and exploitation.

COVID cases were surging in Africa at the fastest rate, but deaths remained low. More than 5.7 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses had been administered globally, but only 2% were in Africa.

Madagascar had recently been on the brink of famine as the drought intensified due to climate change.

Madagascar has experienced the longest drought in 40 years.

A third of East Africa's grain supplies have come from Ukraine and Russia.

The conflict between the two countries has resulted in soaring food prices in East Africa.

Days of heavy rainfall caused floods in eastern South Africa in April. In August, Sudan suffered from floods and heavy rain. In October, the Nigerian floods were the worst in a decade.

RESOLUTION STRATEGIES EQUITY Disease

Refugee

Food Loss

Shelter

Eldoret, Kenya

Kajiado, Eldoret

Kiserian, Kajiado

Society

lace

Rep

Labor Force

ce

Re

du

ce

Food Red uce

pla Re

Disaster

Theoretical Talents

Residence

Entertainment

Agricultural Theory

Field Practice

Reeducation

E Q UIT Y

SITE ANALYSIS

GENERATION LOGIC Optimization Objectives Life Guarantee

High Accessibility

Roadways

Roadways provide convenient access to various facilities.

Skills Training

Medical Security

Water Source Guarantee

Farmlands provide an opportunity to practice agricultural theories.

Larger volumes can be constructed in areas close to raw materials.

Objective 2

Evenly distribution of construction sites

Minimun distance to forests as building materials for constructing larger volumes

Low Transportation Cost

Minimun distance to market/ clinic/roadway/waters/farmlands

Detialed Design

SIMULATION SOLUTIONS Standard Deviation

FO1

FO2

130

150

Fitness Values 210

340

FO1

400

460

400

FO2

550

550

450

After the genetic algorithm, 20 generations are generated with 50 solutions per generation, including construction location and building volume.

Cluster 1

FO3

Cluster 2 FO3

110

Cluster 3 Cluster 4

500

FO3

500

160

450

110

350

The 1000 results were divided into four groups through screening of one objectiveoriented and 3 objectives average, and 6 superior results were selected for each group to display.

450 400 350

Parallel Coordinate Plot

FO2 FO1

Available Open Spaces

Vacant lands where buildings can be built.

Commericial Buildings

Commercial buildings can meet the needs of purchasing daily necessities.

Evenly Distribution

Objective 3

Optimal Solution

Re-education

Waters

Water areas can provide water resources for agricultural work and life.

Agricultural Practice

Objective 1

Shelter Forest Resources

Convenient Shopping

Space Equity

Genetic Algorithm

Random variable of location

Farmlands

Low Cost

FO1

FO2

EXAMPLE SOLUTION Gen. 17 | Ind. 39

FO3

The value of the goal indicates the degree of objective completion, with the lower value representing a more ideal solution.

FO1: Evenly distribution of construction sites Fitness value: 141.788791 Fitness rank: 761/1000

FO2: Minimum distance to forest resources Fitness value: 353.715857 Fitness rank: 154/1000

FO3: Minimum distance to all facilities

Fitness value: 462.855495 Fitness rank: 826/1000

Diamond chart of fitness value FO1 Degree of volume

Medical Facilities

Medical facilities can ensure life security.

Building Heights

The height of surrounding buildings affects the volume of new buildings.

Low

High

Average distance to all facilities Closest

Farest

FO3

FO2

FO 1: Evenly distribution of construction sites FO 2: Minimum distance to forest resources

FO 3: Minimum distance to all facilities

Relative difference between fitness ranks

Solution: Gen. 14 | Ind. 33

Solution: Gen. 06 | Ind. 22

Solution: Gen. 00 | Ind. 38

FO1: Fitness value: 103.944261 Fitness rank: 138/1000

FO2:

Solution: Gen. 10 | Ind. 48

FO1: Fitness value: 134.516219 Fitness rank: 623/1000

FO2:

Fitness value: 403.733091 Fitness rank: 601/1000

FO1: Fitness value: 111.682896 Fitness rank: 216/1000

FO3

Solution: Gen. 17 | Ind. 39

FO2: Fitness value: 411.521038

FO1: Fitness value: 101.498066 Fitness rank: 64/1000

Solution: Gen. 18 | Ind. 27

Fitness rank: 295/1000

Solution: Gen. 18 | Ind. 36

FO2: Fitness value: 425.47446

Solution: Gen. 19 | Ind. 25

Fitness rank: 341/1000

Solution: Gen. 19 | Ind. 02

FO2: Fitness value: 377.590262

Solution: Gen. 19 | Ind. 43

Fitness rank: 44/1000

FO2: Fitness value: 554.449043

Solution: Gen. 19 | Ind. 23

FO2: Fitness value: 334.762906

Solution: Gen. 19 | Ind. 06

Fitness rank: 460/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 406.110915 Fitness rank: 236/1000 FO1

FO2

FO1: Fitness value: 108.312957 Fitness rank: 184/1000

FO2: Fitness value: 415.765209

FO3

Solution: Gen. 17 | Ind. 49

Fitness rank: 364/1000

FO2: Fitness value: 409.789455 Fitness rank: 620/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 446.115454

Fitness rank: 112/1000

Fitness rank: 701/1000

FO1

FO2

FO3

FO2

FO1: Fitness value: 119.456144

Fitness rank: 704/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 399.316741

Fitness rank: 305/1000

FO3

Fitness rank: 451/1000

Fitness rank: 230/1000

FO1

FO2

FO1: Fitness value: 123.58729

Fitness rank: 496/1000

FO3

FO2

FO2: Fitness value: 395.991797

FO3: Fitness value: 406.110915

Fitness rank: 23/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 408.6987

FO1

Solution: Gen. 10 | Ind. 04

FO2: Fitness value: 395.991797

FO2

Fitness rank: 865/1000

Fitness rank: 976/1000

FO3

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 151.335046

Fitness rank: 963/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 536.142289

Fitness rank: 453/1000

FO2

Fitness rank: 449/1000

Fitness rank: 409/1000

FO3

Fitness rank: 327/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 419.595699 FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 123.58729

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 97.394432

FO3

Solution: Gen. 17 | Ind. 19

Fitness rank: 20/1000

FO2

Fitness rank: 342/1000

Fitness rank: 173/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 414.740818

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 118.429163

Fitness rank: 414/1000

FO3

FO2

FO2: Fitness value: 377.590262

FO3: Fitness value: 402.369221

FO2

Fitness rank: 689/1000

Fitness rank: 450/1000

Solution: Gen. 09 | Ind. 27

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 139.242294

Fitness rank: 334/1000

FO3

FO2: Fitness value: 389.145438

FO2: Fitness value: 326.984454

FO3: Fitness value: 419.595699

Fitness rank: 434/1000

FO2

Fitness rank: 578/1000

Fitness rank: 94/1000

FO3

Fitness rank: 576/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 418.029857 FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 132.114538

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 118.429163

FO3

Solution: Gen. 13 | Ind. 49

Fitness rank: 67/1000

FO2

Fitness rank: 379/1000

Fitness rank: 56/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 399.180122

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 121.159211

Fitness rank: 729/1000

FO3

FO2

FO2: Fitness value: 402.641546

FO3: Fitness value: 398.559657

FO2

Fitness rank: 953/1000

Fitness rank: 615/1000

Solution: Gen. 04 | Ind. 42

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 149.149387

Fitness rank: 753/1000

FO3

FO2: Fitness value: 420.15863

FO2: Fitness value: 336.271058

FO3: Fitness value: 439.38892

Fitness rank: 606/1000

FO2

Fitness rank: 848/1000

Fitness rank: 729/1000

FO3

Fitness rank: 616/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 437.126704 FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 150.873696

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 117.610382

FO3

Solution: Gen. 12 | Ind. 48

Fitness rank: 116/1000

FO2

Fitness rank: 516/1000

Fitness rank: 126/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 452.849993

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 127.525173

Fitness rank: 808/1000

FO3

FO2

FO2: Fitness value: 409.531659

FO3: Fitness value: 399.462811

FO2

Fitness rank: 531/1000

Fitness rank: 742/1000

Solution: Gen. 02 | Ind. 32

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 128.355173

Fitness rank: 648/1000

FO3

FO2: Fitness value: 434.891166

FO2: Fitness value: 348.235759

FO3: Fitness value: 454.523345

FO2

Fitness rank: 643/1000

FO1

FO3

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 135.229925

Fitness rank: 826/1000

FO2: Fitness value: 413.088813

Solution: Gen. 18 | Ind. 43

Solution: Gen. 09 | Ind. 46

Fitness rank: 154/1000

FO2

FO3

FO3

FO3: Fitness value: 462.855495

FO1

Solution: Gen. 18 | Ind. 17

FO2

Fitness rank: 761/1000

Fitness rank: 680/1000

Fitness rank: 805/1000

FO1

FO1: Fitness value: 141.788791

Fitness rank: 626/1000

Fitness rank: 852/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 457.406732

Fitness rank: 208/1000

FO2: Fitness value: 353.715857

FO3: Fitness value: 445.891824

Fitness rank: 633/1000

FO2: Fitness value: 453.977702

Fitness value: 363.924182

FO3: Fitness value: 410.486087

FO1

FO2

FO1: Fitness value: 135.064244

Fitness rank: 342/1000

Fitness rank: 884/1000

FO1

FO3

FO2:

Fitness value: 370.328757

FO3: Fitness value: 475.569439

Fitness rank: 574/1000

Solution: Gen. 14 | Ind. 38

Fitness rank: 797/1000

Fitness rank: 255/1000

FO3: Fitness value: 431.659429

FO3

FO1: Fitness value: 127.624188

FO1

FO2

FO3

FO2

SITE SELECTION

LIFE IN MEDIUM-SCALE BUILDINGS (SITE B)

SITE C SITE B

SITE A

0

200m

We select the group with relatively small differences in completing the three objectives and choose one solution to achieve the four goals of low cost, space equity, skills training, and life security equally.

In this group, the 27th solution of the ninth generation has the lowest average value of fitness rank in three objectives, representing the highest average completion, which is a relatively ideal result.

Among the 23 construction sites in the solution, three sites are selected for specific architectural design. The calculation results of building volume in sites A, B, and C are small, medium, and large scale, respectively.

A'

Waters Woods Farmland Open Space

A

Site

GENERATION PROCESS Site A - Small Scale

A corridor divides the building space The wide side is divided into two parts: large and small. into two halves.

The main part is for residential areas, and the small part is for classrooms.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

Site B - Medium Scale

Foundation Structure

Process of Using Local Timber

brick wall t=240

macadam grouting M2.5 cement mortar cushion t=100 plain soil compaction

The c-shaped volume layout encloses a courtyard for planting experiments.

Raise part of the volume to the second floor for eating and interaction.

The educational function occupies the main space, with a small number of residential areas.

Site C - Large Scale

Beam-Column Connection Structure 1:2 cement mortar plastering t=10

wooden rod

1:3 cement mortar priming t=15 C10 concrete floor t=120 macadam grouting M2.5 cement mortar cushion t=100 plain soil compaction

cement mortar plastering

Cutting timber from local forests

Cutting planks by machine

Drying and dehydrating planks

Polishing planks by machine

Assembling the building structure

coir rope

concrete cushion

Section A-A'

2 +3.800

The three main volumes are connected from end to end, forming an open courtyard.

1

Break up the long volume to set The residential area in the center up a connecting corridor, and raise is close to the farmland for part of the area. education space.

3 4 ±0.000

1. Classroom 2. Canteen

3. Food Receiving Area 4. Warehouse

0

5m

10m

20m

LIFE IN LARGE-SCALE BUILDINGS (SITE C)

PERSPECTIVES Interior of the Courtyard

Interior of the Classroom

Corridor of the Small-Scale Building (Site A)

03 LIVE WITH ANCIENT CITY Heritage Centered Planning & Design Yuecheng Site, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

Area: 18.8ha Type: Individual Academic Work Date: 4/2021-6/2021 Instructor: Yi Shi shiyi@seu.edu.cn Keywords: Counterpoint Relation, Eco-friendly, Openness

The project site has a layered history. Archaeological remains from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty have been found inside the site, including the Yuecheng site. From the perspective of geographical location, the site is located at the end of the central axis of Nanjing's old urban area. It is close to many important landscapes, making it the core area to shape the image of Nanjing.

The status of the site development does not match its importance. Most of the internal area of the site is still under construction. Due to the lack of action, the Yuecheng site has low ornamentality and accessibility. Only one Yudai River is within site, separated from the surrounding natural resources.

The project renovates the site aiming to tap the site's potential and highlight the importance of displaying the city’s image. Taking the Yuecheng site as the core element of design, we build a heritage park around it, which closely interact with the surrounding environments and is harmonious with nature. The buildings around the site are made according to the texture of the site.

MAPPING

SITE ANALYSIS

Architectural Resources inside the Site

Architectural Resources around the Site

Jiangsu, China

Nanjing, Jiangsu Zhonghua Gate Castle Ming Dynasty City Wall Porcelain Tower of Nanjing Architecture Axis

Archaeological Excavation Pit Archaeological Mound Historical Building Historical Route Axis

N

15min

W

10min 5min

SITE

The most important resource in the site is the archaeological excavation pit that forms a certain crossover angle with the plot boundary. In addition, there are scattered cultural relics, buildings, and ancient street axis.

The northeast side of the site faces the front elevation of the Zhonghua Gate Castle across the river, and on the east side is the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing Site Scenic Area with the obvious axis.

Green Space and Water Resources

Types of Architecture around the Site

E

S

Yuecheng Site

Yudai River

Porcelain Tower

Zhonghua Gate

open green space historical district river system ancient city wall historical axis

Urban Water System Urban Green Space

Pitched Roof Building Flat Roof Building

The site, adjacent to the Qinhuai River in the north, has rich external natural resources. However, the public green space inside the site is small and is separated from the surrounding green space.

The site is in the south of the old city of Nanjing, surrounded by many historical buildings. The types of surrounding buildings are mostly pitched roof buildings.

HISTORY COLLAGE Sui Dynasty The outbreak of war

Warring States period The construction of Yuecheng City

the Republic of China era The appearance of West Street

Sui Dynasty The destruction of Yuecheng City

2017 The beginning of archaeological work at Yuecheng City

GENERATION OF STRUCTURE STEP 1

MASTER PLAN STEP 2

6 Create a wedge-shaped green space with the site as the core, and extend the heritage park to the Qinhuai River and the Zhonghua Gate, forming a counterpoint relationship. The internal footpath of the park is in a vertical staggered form with the direction of the archaeological excavation pit.

The landscape system with the river-crossing trestle path as the core is built along the Yudai River. The plank road forms three circular nodes around which a green landscape is created.

STEP 3

STEP 4

3

A'

5 1 4

A

3 The internal footpath system of the heritage park will be extended to the south to create a residential area in harmony with the park in the south with a unified design language.

The form of the buildings in the commercial blocks facing the street is also determined according to the angle parallel to the archaeological excavation pit so that the buildings form a certain angle with the plot sideline to create some space for Greenland.

3

3

2

BASIC ANALYSIS

5

Primary Structure Secondary Structure

Main Structure

Primary Green Space Secondary Green Space Tertiary Green Space

Green Space

Museum Research Institute Commercial Block Residencial Building

Architecture Function

Roadway Main Pedestrian Path Secondary Pedestrian Path

7

Road System

Response to Nature and History The most harmonious way for human beings to get along with nature is the mutual penetration of the natural ecological environment and human life, that is, to seek a balance between using natural resources and protecting the natural environment.

Expressing the historical information of the site through spatial operation, rather than just through vision, is an effective way to memorize history deeply.

1. Nanjing Yuecheng Heritage Museum 2. Residencial Buildings 3. Historical Buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties 4. Yuecheng Archaeological Excavation Pit and Surrounding Heritage Park 5. Riverside Green Landscape 6. Archaeological Research Institutes 7. Commericial Blocks

GENERATION OF HERITAGE MUSEUM

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS Eave Edge Structure waterproof cushion la ling

1:3 cement mortar screed-coat t=20 Light aggregate concrete slope making layer t=50

r

roof tile

0 50 100 200mm

ye

additional waterproof cushion ion

dit

ad

e 00 ≥5 of lev o rpr

ate

w al

reinforced concrete gutter 1:2.5 cement mortar t=20 waterproof cushion

rainwater inlet

Integration

Deformation

Transformation

Earth-covered building to maintain green space continuity

Implant functional block

Adjust angles to face landscapes

metal flashing

Accessible Roof Structure 0

50 100

200mm

1. C20 fine aggregate concrete t=40

PERSPECTIVES

2. thick plastic film t=0.4 3. waterproof layer 4. 1:3 cement mortar protection layer t=20 5. Light concrete slope making layer t=70 6. 1:3 cement mortar screed-coat t=20 7. thermal insulation layer 8. steel fiber reinforced concrete roof slab

Earth Coverd Roof Structure 0

50 100

200mm

1. vegetation layer 2. planting soil t=200 3. 200g/m2 non-woven filter layer 4. concave-convex drain board t=20 5. 1:3 cement mortar protection layer t=20 6. isolation layer 7. root puncture resistant compound waterproof layer 8. 1:3 cement mortar screed-coat t=20 9. LC5.0 Light aggregate concrete slope making layer t=30 10. thermal insulation layer 11. steel fiber reinforced concrete roof slab

SECTION A-A' 1. Exhibition Hall 2. Auditorium 3. Entrance Hallway 4. Café

1

1

+5.750

±0.000

+6.050

+6.200

4

2

3 0

5

10

20m

DETAILS DISPLAYED THROUGH MANUAL MODEL Riverside Landscape

General Design

Residential Buildings

Commercial Blocks

04 SALVAGE THE HARBOR Coastal Public Space Design South Harbor, Helsinki, Finland

Area: 18.9ha Type: Individual Academic Work Date: 9/2021-6/2022 Instructor: Guoping Xiong 101011052@seu.edu.cn Keywords: Rain Flood, Terrain, Revitilization

Helsinki South Harbor was once the transportation center of Helsinki, a port city. The construction of the West Port and the port of Vuosaari has reduced the transportation function of the South Port. South Harbor, located in the city center, is now losing its vitality.In addition, the sea level is rising caused of climate warming, and the Baltic Sea is also affected. Helsinki South Harbor is facing the risk of being submerged.

The project aims to transform the coastal public space of Helsinki South Harbor into an open space with strong accessibility, comfort, and attraction. At the same time, terrain design is used to cope with the sea level rise in the future to 2100.

To integrate the local characteristics of Helsinki into the design, we extracted the sea ice phenomenon along the coast of Helsinki. We made a topology of the sea ice morphology to generate the terrain used in the design.

Analysis of Sea Ice around Helsinki KEMI 194NM

40-70

5.27.

5.5.

20-45

Historical Center

12.4.

16.3.

Uusimaa, Finnland Central Train Station

17.2.

HELSINKI 15-35

30-40

21.1.

ST. PETERBURG 205NM

25.12.

Helsinki, Uusimaa

SITE

28.11.

RIGA 37NM

South Harbor

The distance that vessels had to navigate through ice (from Helsinki) Thickness of ice

1.11. km²

400 000

300 000

200 000

ice seasons 2020-2021

100 000

0

ice seasons 2007–2020

25 % - 75 %

min - max

50 %

Isosaari

Sea Level Change in Finland

site

cm

train station

250

Soderskar

West Harbor

200

proposed train station subway station

150 100

Tallinn

train route

50

planned train route

0

subway route

-50

highway tram line ship route for passenger

-100 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

ship route for freight water level, 2050

2014 2016 2018 2020 year Low-frequency sea level change

water level, 2100

High-frequency sea level change

historical architecture urban axis

“Our largest ongoing task is to develop the West Harbour operations to accommodate the growing volumes.”

Helsinki Cathedral 1853

Tallinn St. Peterburg

Old customs House 1896 Presidential Palace 1814

Tsarina's Stone 1835 Helsinki City Hall Kaarlo Ståhlberg 1833 1864-1952

Havis Amanda Uspenski Cathedral 1868 1906

West Harbor 2013 Helsinki Central Station 1919

Olympia Terminal 1952

“Vuosaari could easily handle a bigger share of the national flows, including some from northern Finland.”

Port of Vuosaari 2008 The Port of Helsinki’s Managing Director Kimmo Miki

Making Helsinki the

political center of Finland

Making Helsinki the

religious center of Finland

Making South Harbor the

transportation center of Helsinki

The completion of two large ports has

faded the transport function of South Harbor

PROBLEM ANALYSIS

MAPPING OF THREE PROBLEMS IN SITE SCALE mian vihicle line

pedestrain

ship line for passenger

reserved architecture

tram line

bike line

tram station

architecture to be moved

bus line

ship line for freight

open green space

site boundary

sea level in 2050

sea level in 2100

[Poor Accessibility]

Narrow sidewalks and broken bicycle lanes only found outside the site block people from approaching the sea.

[Fractured Green Space]

Fragmented green spaces with no connections with the site.

[Flood]

Upcoming sea-level rise and frequent floods

THE DERIVATION OF THE PLAN

Relocate the road to expand the coastal area Adjusted Road Boundaries and to connect outside Existing Road Boundaries green space.

Underground Road

Existing Bikeways Proposed Bikeways Hard Ground For Bike and pedestrian

STRUCTURE OF SITE PLAN

Areas Deeply Affected By Flood Areas Slightly Affected By Flood Areas Unaffected By Flood

Response to flooding by small-scale topographic change.

Create continuous hard ground to provide bicycle lanes.

Connect outside green Green space outside the site space and invite green Green space in the site inside.

Create an overall three-level elevation difference to tackle the flood issues.

Near Water Platform Plank Road Above Water

Waterfront platforms provide better accessibility to the sea.

Existing Bicycle Lanes Proposed Bicycle Lanes Connection of Ecology Green Space Hard Ground Floating Island Seriously Flooded Area Slightly Flooded Area

ORIGINAL SEA ICE TYPE PLAN EXTRACTION [Frazil Ice]

[Frazil Ice Extractions]

A

TERRAINS DERIVED FROM SEA ICE [Type 1]

[Type 2]

[Type 3]

[Type 4]

[Type 5]

[Type 6]

D+E

[Cracked Ice And Ice Ridges Extractions]

B

[Pancake Ice Extractions]

C

D+F

[Cracked Ice]

[Finger Crossing Ice]

D

A+H

B+F

[Ice Ridges]

LANDFORM EXTRACTION [Cracked Ice Extractions]

E

[Ice Ridges Extractions]

F

[Pancake Ice]

[Pancake Ice Extractions]

G

[Finger Crossing Ice Extractions]

H

[Finger Crossing Ice]

C+G

C+F

MASTER PLAN 1.Helsinki Market Square 2.Havis Amanda 3.Helsinki Market Hall 4.Sandy beach 5.Marine trestle road 6.Square connected with the park 7.Port of Helsinki 8.Small ship wharf 9.Indoor leisure space 10.Green park 11.Floating island 12.Type 1 Terrain 13.Type 2 Terrain 14.Type 3 Terrain 15.Type 4 Terrain 16.Type 5 Terrain 17.Type 6 Terrain

SEA LEVELS IN PRESENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS [Sea level before design]

[Maximum sea level in 2022 after design]

[Sea level in 2050 after design]

[Sea level in 2100 after design]

Maximum sea level in 2022 Sea level in 2050

SEA LEVELS OF DIFFERENTS TERRAINS AFTER DESIGN

Sandy Beach

Market Square

Green Park

[Normal sea level in 2022]

[Maximum sea level in 2022]

[Sea level in 2050]

[Sea level in 2100]

IMPORTANT AREA DETAIL RENDERING [Human Visual Perspective Drawing From Green Square]

[Green Square Connected with the Tahtitorninvouri Park ]

Tahtitorninvouri Park

Green Square

Undercrossing Roadway

Green Square

Coastal Footpath

In the southwest of the site is an important landscape, Tahtitorninvouri Park, which is separated from the coast by a driveway. This design will build an elevated green square to connect Tahtitorninvouri Park with the coast. An underpass tunnel will be used to maintain the driveway's continuity and improve the beach's greening continuity.

[Human Visual Perspective Drawing from Upper Greenland]

[Green Park in the North of the Shore]

Floating Island

Coastal Footpath with Greenland

Upper Greenland with Interlaced footpath

Urban Area

The green park on the site's north side has varied terrain, including rolling green space and interlaced footpaths combined with green space in the shape of broken ice. In addition, there are floating islands on the shore, which cannot be submerged while the sea level changes, and also simulate sea ice in shape.

05 OTHER WORKS Social Research: The Integration Degree of Nanjing International Community

Type: Individual Academic Work Date: 9/2021-12/2021 Instructor: Xiao Wu 101010124@seu.edu.cn

Abstract:

2.Economic Integration

With the rapid process of social globalization, the international community has become an essential carrier of many social phenomena in Nanjing. Cultural differences lead to of separation between immigrants and between immigrants and aborigines to certain degrees. Concerning such phenomena, this report combines and analyzes the status quo and internal determinants of the degree of integration of international communities from the perspective of integration and provides suggestions for constructing integrated international communities.

Technical Roadmap:

1. Spatial Integration

Research background

Analysis of living and activity space

Internationalization of the international community Policy support

Lack of research

Mixed residence

Site selection

Site

Living space

Activity space

Youth Olympic Village

Spatial integration

Economic integration

Social integration

gain community sevices

Cultural integration

join community activity

Investigation and analysis Residential status

Social participation

Identification

Activity space

Income status

Social relations

Cultural adaptation

Education status

Public Service

City comment

Working status

Optimization strategy Main conclusions

Problems

Optimization strategy

The integration evaluation indicators in the research and analysis part refer to the EU social integration indicators.

Site location Area:9.5ha Korean families Dongfang Tianjun Area:0.5ha overseas students Nanxiu village Area:14ha Employees of international enterprises Youth Olympic village

Form of Living

Site Nanxiu Village

living space

Access to housing

Olympic Village Nanxiu Village Dongfang Tianjun Rent

100% 10% 37% 53%

48%

32%

38%

Purchase

62%

20%

Dormitory Live alone

60% 40%

62%

28%

Share

10%

Family

Example of analysis results: social participation

Youth Olympic Village Nanxiu Village Dongfang Tianjun

Social integration indicators

Site

Summary of economic integration

Based on the questionnaire survey results, we can judge that Nanxiu Village, where housing purchase occurs, has the highest degree of integration in living conditions, followed by Dongfang Tianjun, where people live with their families.

Regarding working conditions, we analyzed the occupation and enterprise type of residents, the highest degree of integration is among the residents of Nanxiu Village, who take Chinese students in their social network. And the second is the residents of the Youth Olympic Village who work with Chinese colleagues.

3.Social Integration

Typical international community in Nanjing

Model building

Example of analysis results: residential status

Dong fang Tianjun

Summary of social integration

Olympic Village Nanxiu Village Dongfang Tianjun

33%

57%

10%

24%

40%

76%

48% 52%

18%

8% 16% 76%

42%

5% 27% 68%

Regarding social participation, the integration of foreign residents in Dongfang Tianjun and Few or no Nanxiu Village is significantly higher than in Youth Olympic Village.To a certain extent, it is affected Occasional by their living style and occupation。 Often Few or no Occasional

In social relations, we mainly collect data on the number of Chinese friends of non-Chinese residents. The overseas students in Nanxiu Village have more Chinese people in social network.

Often

In terms of access to public service facilities, the Youth Olympic Village has the highest degree of integration, which may be because the Youth Olympic Village was initially built as a city node.

Few or no

From the perspective of cultural adaptation, the integration degree of Nanxiu Village is higher than that of the Youth Olympic Village and Dongfang Tianjun. Students have the highest cultural adaptability, followed by company employees, housewives and children have the least.

4.Cultural Integration Example of analysis results: cultural adaptation Site

Commercial housing Apartment Chinese resident Non Chinese resident

Commercial space Open plaza Green space

Summary of spatial integration

Language Mastery

Summary of cultural integration

Olympic Village Nanxiu Village Dongfang Tianjun

19% 81%

Comm10% unication 33% barriers 57%

24% 76%

100%

8% 42% 50% 13% 47% 40%

Based on the questionnaire survey results, non-Chinese residents tend to gather in apartments under the premise of foreign students or international apartments. At the same time, the environment of pure commercial housing can promote the integration of residential space to a greater extent than apartments.

Summary and Optimization Strategies

Although there is a certain degree of integration difference in residential space due to different housing types, the equal use of public space is essential to promote integration.The public areas of different sizes, types, and service objects provided by various communities are used by residents of various countries simultaneously.

Optimization strategies:

Primary Mastered High General Low

Both social evaluation and identity recognition levels show that Nanxiu Village has a higher integration degree than Dongfang Tianjun and Youth Olympic Village. This is affected by the acceptance of community services and participation in community activities.

Regarding spatial equity, most international communities passively provide space for the integration of local and foreign residents, lacking consideration of the integration needs of migrant groups. From the economic and social aspects, the integration of non-Chinese residents is primarily affected by their occupations and enterprises. From the cultural aspect, the degree of integration of non-Chinese residents depends on the demand for social relations and the degree of cultural barriers.

1. Create a diversified environment. Hold Sino foreign exchange activities according to the immigration background of various international communities, and create more space for quick social events.

2. Promote community renewal. Create residential and public spaces that meet the needs of migrant groups.

3. Build service facilities. Implant public service facilities within the 15-minute life circle.

GIS Application: Green Space Design Based on Ecological Sensitivity Analysis

Manual Model: Laser Cutting

The project is an urban design for a new town center of an area of 160ha in Nanjing, China. ArcGIS is used to analyze the site's green space, water, elevation, and slope for ecological protection in planning urban green space and selecting the area with high environmental sensitivity to set green space.

Altitude

Euclidean distance of green space

high low Slope

Euclidean distance of water

small large

Aspect of slope

Ecological sensitivity grade

0m 500m 1000m

0m 250m 500m

high

N E S W N

0 100 200m

low

GIS Application: "Double Evaluation" of National Territory Development Plan Site: Three towns in the West of Lancang County, Yunnan, China

Evaluation Process: Importance of ecosystem service

Sensity to water and soil loss

Land resource

Importance of ecological protection

Water resource

Climate Meteorological evaluation disaster

Land resource

Suitability of agricultural production

Water resource

Area: 1533km²

Manual Model: Chess Based on the Contradiction between Modernism and Postmodernism

Geological Environment Location disaster evaluation advatage

Suitability of urban construction

White: Modernist Architecture

The Seagram Building

Casa del Fascio

AEG Turbine Factory

La Chapelle de Ronchamp

The importance of ecological protection, the suitability of agricultural production and the suitability of urban construction contribute to delineating ecological, urban, and agricultural space. suitability of agricultural production

suitability of urban construction

delineation of ecological, urban and agricultural space N

0

+

nomal important extremely important

KM 10

AT&T Building

Le Centre d'art et de culture Georges-Pompidou

The Potland Building

nomal suitable extremely suitable

urban space agricultural space ecological space

Stata Center

Gallaratese

Vanna Venturi House

This project is a chess game based on the topological form of two groups of modernist and post-modernist architectures. We learn the differences between the two architectural trends during the production process.

The shape of the chess pieces is carved with rubber stamps, then turned over with silica gel, and finally watered with drops of glue to shape to sense the architectural shape by hand.

+

nomal suitable extremely suitable

5

Muller House

Black: Post-Modernist Architecture

Evaluation Results: Importance of ecological protection

Bauhaus Dessau

The chessboard is also the display cabinet and storage box of chess pieces, with built-in drawers. The internal chess pieces can be observed on the surface of the acrylic. The production process of the chessboard is laser cutting and manual assembly.

Drawers

Display Cabinet