Simon
Volume 48 | Issue 5 | August 2017
Welkom bij Simon Stevin! Great Dutch Inventions: Microscopy Solar Team presents Stella Vie Uit de oude doos: platenspelers
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13 | This edition the Bachelor Final Project we’re putting in the spotlight is the project of Luuk Roumen, he is working on the Shell Energy Challenge so take a look at his research.
| The Dutch have invented many great things, every Simon Ster one of them is highlighted. This edition the Great Dutch Inventions is about Antoni van Leeuwenhoek with microscopy.
| Federico Felici is one of the assistant-professors at our faculty. He introduces himself and a project he has been working on.
| Jean-Pierre, our association moped, was put to the test by two members of the ReparaCie, read about their findings!
30 Colophon August 2017/ volume 48, issue 5 The ‘Simon Ster’ is a publication by the study association of mechanical engineering Simon Stevin of Eindhoven University of Technology . The ‘Simon Ster’ will be published five times this year.
Editor in Chief Sebastiaan van Kemenade
Editorial Committee Sjors van Adrichem, Aakash Amul, Has Berkers, Loes van den Beuken, Rik van Cauwenberghe, Eva Eggels, Sebastiaan van Kemenade, Linus Klaassen, Ruben de Klerk, Robbert Louwers, Pim van Mil Bas Raes, Bart Verhaegh, Kelsey Viehmann, Lisanne van Wincoop
Design vM-design
Contact Eindhoven University of Technology Gemini-Noord 1.61 Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven Postbus 513 5600 MB Eindhoven Phone: (040) 247 33 13 E-mail: redactie@simonstevin.tue.nl Homepage: wsv.simonstevin.tue.nl
Financial ABN-AMRO: NL87ABNA0529096358
Subscriptions It is possible to receive the Simon Ster at home. Subscriptions for the Simon Ster are available for an annual fee of €15,- , including shipping. In case you are interested or want more information, it is possible to contact the editor at aforementioned adress.
Layout Has Berkers Sebastiaan van Kemenade Ruben de Klerk Lex Verberne
Illustrations and Pictures Editorial Committee, PaparaCie and members of W.S.V. Simon Stevin
Printing Office Drukkerij Snep BV
Circulation 912 pieces
40 © Simon Stevin MMXVII Nothing from this edition may be duplicated and/or made public by means of press, photocopy, microfilm or any other possible manner without prior written consent from the board of W.S.V. Simon Stevin. The editors at all time reserve the right to shorten and/or edit articles. The placement of an article does not mean that this in any way reflects the opinion or point of view of W.S.V. Simon Stevin. Everyone can deliver articles to the Editorial Comittee in the Simonkamer: Gemini-Noord 1.61 or by means of e-mail: redactie@simonstevin.tue.nl
Table of Contents
Editorial
Welkom bij Simon Stevin!
4
De commissie voor jou!
6
Smile of Science
8
Staut: Tau heet u welkom!
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Een warm welkom van de opleidingsdirecteur
12
Bachelor Final Project
13
The Solar Team with Stella Vie
14
Simon Stevin Lustrumgala
15
Profile: Hyundai Ioniq
16
Honors Project: Team wood vinegar
18
Company visit Shell
22
Great Dutch Inventions: Microscopy
23
BAColumn: De Naborrel
25
26
Graduation project
Euroreis 2017
28
Nuclear Energy Source
30
Uit de oude doos: platenspelers
32
Constitutieborrels 35
Company visit ZF Wind Power
36
Wervingsdagen
38
Course evaluations
39
Jean-Pierre
40
Sterrenhoekjes 42
Contest
42
Activities
44
Advertisers ExxonMobil
42
IHC 43
Dear reader, Good to have you here after a well deserved holiday! The new academic year is about to start so that means it’s time to prepare ourselves for the big introduction week. More than 300 new Mechanical Engineering students will arive at our campus to get to know the university and maybe even more important: the student life. To all those new students: may I congratulate you with one of the best choices you have made in your life so far, the choice for Mechanical Engineering at Eindhoven University of Technology! Feel welcome and enjoy the introduction week as well as your studies here in our Light city. At the moment you are reading the Simon Ster, the magazine of study association Simon Stevin. This magazine has five editions every year with articles about anything a Mechanical Engineer might like. So during one of the hungover moments during the intro or if you’re not into doing your assignments for a moment: sit back, relax and open up a Simon Ster to expand your knowledge. This edition is (off course) filled with some warm welcomes to the new students and besides that we have articles interesting for everybody. Read about the Bachelor Final Project Luuk is doing or go back in time with the Great Dutch Inventions: who invented microscopy? You can also go back in time with an old article about turntables, this article is specifically interesting since the Lustrum-LP records are finally in! Besides that, if you want to upgrade your (new) student house you should definitely take a look at the contest on page 42 because the prize we’re giving away is a Weber barbecue! For me it’s time to hand over the main editorshop to Lex Verberne. I wish him all the best for next year and I’m sure he’ll make volume 49 just as shiny as volume 48 of the Simon Ster!
It has been a great pleasure.
Yours sincerely,
Sebastiaan van Kemenade Chairman and Editor-in-Chief
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Welkom bij Simon Stevin!
Namens de Voorzitter
En nogmaals van harte gefeliciteerd! Enerzijds met het in ontvangst nemen van het diploma dat je toegang geeft tot deze universiteit en anderzijds met de keuze voor deze onderwijsinstelling en dan met name met de keuze voor de opleiding Werktuigbouwkunde. Je zult het nog vaak gaan horen maar het is hoogstwaarschijnlijk de beste keuze in je leven tot nu toe! Je staat aan de vooravond van een prachtige studententijd. In de komende paar jaar ga je ongekend veel nieuwe dingen zien en leren; over werktuigbouwkunde maar zeer zeker ook over wat er allemaal te beleven valt buiten je studie om. Bij jouw studievereniging, Simon Stevin, zijn er genoeg mogelijkheden om je op diverse vlakken te verrijken, maar daarover later meer.
Sebastiaan van Kemenade Als student krijg je een zekere zelfstandigheid toegeworpen. Vanaf nu bepaal je zelf je doen en laten, zonder al te veel controle van buitenaf. Op de universiteit wordt lang niet alles meer voorgekauwd zoals op de middelbare school en afhankelijk van of je op kamers gaat, zal je ook in de rest van je tijd een flinke verandering doormaken. Het lijkt misschien een mooi vooruitzicht om zelf te bepalen wat je eet, maar na een paar maanden komen de pizza’s, magnetronmaaltijden en kapsalons je je neus uit. Daarnaast zal je meewarig terugdenken aan de tijd dat je ouders zich vol liefde stortten op de niet al te welriekende mand vuile kleding in de hoek van je kamer. Ondanks deze uitdagingen is het een schitterende ervaring om op kamers te gaan en ik raad iedereen dan ook van harte aan om deze sprong in het diepe zo vroeg mogelijk te wagen opdat je zo lang mogelijk kunt genieten van al het moois wat het zelfstandige leven met zich meebrengt.
Simon Stevin De vereniging heet dus Simon Stevin, maar is daar ook een reden voor? De naamgever van deze vereniging was een wis- en natuurkundige uit Brugge. Door het combineren van deze twee vakgebieden wordt hij gezien als de eerste werktuigbouwkundige. Heeft die man dan nog iets noemenswaardigs bedacht? Nou dat heeft hij zeker, Simon Stevin was een druk man die zich op veel vlakken heeft laten gelden. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn de invoering van decimaalrekenen, de eerste vermelding van iets als een zwaartekrachtconstante en het bewijs dat kracht een vector is. Dit laatste bewees hij met de Clootcrans en dat is meteen ook het logo van de vereniging. Op taalkundig gebied introduceerde hij de term wiskunde – kunst van het gewisse (zekere) - en daarop gelijkende woorden.
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Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
Activiteiten Aan het begin van het jaar organiseert Simon Stevin een aantal activiteiten waarop je op een ongedwongen manier kennis kan maken met je jaargenoten en de Vereniging. Deze staan hieronder opgesomd. • Eerstejaars-BBQ op maandag 11 september • Simonkamp van vrijdag 22 september tot en met zondag 24 september • Eerste lunchlezing op woensdag 20 september • Start eerste EBT-cursus op maandag 18 september Je kunt je voor deze activiteiten inschrijven in de Simonkamer, online via events.simonstevin.tue.nl of via de W-app, te vinden in de Appstore of Google-Playstore.
Om je verblijf in Eindhoven niet te beperken tot slechts een jaar is het niet onverstandig om het opgelegde studieprogramma, zoals bedacht door de universiteit, in redelijke mate te volgen. Geloof het of niet, maar dat consumeert al behoorlijk wat van je tijd. Om te voorkomen dat je in de resterende tijd vooral bezig bent met je te vervelen, zijn er in de afgelopen decennia in Eindhoven nogal wat initiatieven ontplooid om je in verenigingsverband naast je studie te bekwamen in sport; cultuur; feest; religie; … samengevat: BIER DRINKEN. Voor jou als eerstejaars de schier onmenselijke taak om een voor de verdere verloop van je leven bepalende beslissing te maken waar je je laatste munten omzet in het onvolprezen appelsap met slagroom.
Je hebt dan wel voor een studie gekozen die jou goed ligt, toch zal het flink aanpoten zijn. Om goed te kunnen studeren is het echter van belang om af en toe te ontspannen. Geregeld organiseert Simon daarom activiteiten, waarbij vermaak centraal staat. Zo is er elke donderdag een borrel in de eigen borrelruimte ‘De Weeghconst’, waar iedereen welkom is voor een al dan niet alcoholische versnapering. Helaas is het niet elke dag donderdag en om te voorkomen dat je alleen wegkwijnt in je studentenkamertje “met-toch-niet-zulke-leuke-huisgenoten” is er de Simonkamer. Hier kunnen onder het genot van een bakkie zwart goud de belangrijke zaken des levens worden doorgenomen. Bij onderwijs verwacht je misschien dat een studievereniging gortdroge, verdiepende materie aanbiedt als aanvulling op de standaardvakken. Geen vrees! In plaats daarvan organiseren wij cursussen om de praktische vaardigheden van een werktuigbouwer te verbeteren. Bij ons kun je dus een cursus volgen om te leren lassen, draaien, frezen of plaatbewerken. Zodoende zie je ook meteen een stukje werktuigbouwkunde in de praktijk. Op onderwijsgebied verzorgen wij ook de verkoop van boeken en het regelen van bijles, dit alles tegen een gereduceerd tarief. Dat scheelt toch weer een beetje bij het voorkomen dat je op het eind van de maand moet leven van een dieet bestaande uit macaroni en ketchup. Het lijkt nog ver weg, maar uiteindelijk is het doel om je studie af te ronden en je diploma te behalen over vijf jaar, of zes, of zeven of … afijn je begrijpt het idee. Voor het merendeel van de werktuigbouwers volgt daarna de stap naar het bedrijfsleven en dan staan bedrijven in de rij voor een ingenieur met een werktuigbouwkunde-achtergrond. Een paar van die bedrijven zullen vast wel bij je bekend zijn - denk aan een Philips, ASML of Shell - maar er zijn er nog veel meer. Daarom worden er vanuit Simon lunchlezingen en excursies georganiseerd, waarbij bedrijven laten zien wat zij doen en wat de mogelijkheden zijn voor een pas afgestudeerde ingenieur om knaken te verdienen. Namens de Vereniging en mijzelf een geweldige studententijd toegewenst, haal er vanaf de eerste seconde uit wat erin zit!
Zeilwagens
Als lezer van dit stukje ligt het voor de hand dat je fietsenmaker in spe bent. Derhalve zou de studievereniging van werktuigbouwkunde W.S.V. Simon Stevin - kortweg ‘Simon’ - wel eens de juiste club voor jou kunnen zijn. Omdat je waarschijnlijk al helemaal klaar bent met alle wervende praatjes van diverse andere verenigingen even in het kort: Simon biedt een mooie mengelmoes van gezelligheid, ondersteuning bij je studie en de lancering richting een mooie baan na je studie. Voor de doorzetters: hierna volgt wat meer diepgang.
Wellicht zijn ze je al opgevallen tijdens je bezoek aan De Werf of Simonkamer, de zeilwagens van de vereniging. Wat is daar het verhaal achter? Rond het jaar 1600 kreeg Simon Stevin in een van zijn creatieve buien weer een idee: een wagen die met behulp van windkracht over land kon rijden. Hij bouwde toen de eerste zeilwagen voor Prins Maurits. In zijn navolging heeft de vereniging nu een vloot van acht van deze, zelf gebouwde, voertuigen en hiermee gaan we ongeveer vier keer per jaar op strandzeilweekend. Een echte aanrader om aan deel te nemen!
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De commissie voor jou!
Waar ga jij aan de slag?
De 20 commissies van jouw studievereniging organiseren per jaar meer dan 160 activiteiten, borrels en feesten! Ook jij kunt deelnemen aan de organisatie van deze activiteiten in een of meerdere van deze commissies om zo jezelf te ontwikkelen maar ook om zo een leuke studententijd te hebben! Lees hier welke commissies voor jou als eerstejaars-student interessant zijn! Sebastiaan van Kemenade & Lex Verberne
AcCie & ReAcCie De Activiteitencommissie (AcCie) is de commissie bij uitstek als het gaat om activiteiten voor en door eerstejaars. De ReAcCie is hier twee jaar geleden bijgekomen omdat er zo ontzettend veel interesse was voor de AcCie. Samen met je jaargenoten organiseer jij in een van deze commissies gave activiteiten. Om maar een paar voorbeelden te noemen: karten, bowlen, Ultimate Dodgeball of de traditionele Beergames. Kortom, in deze commissies kun je alles organiseren wat jou leuk lijkt. Laat je creativiteit de vrije loop!
KookCie Het is nog maar een jonge commissie, maar nu al onmisbaar voor Simon Stevin. De leden van de KookCie (zoals de naam al verklapt) bereiden voorafgaand aan elke ALV en sommige andere activiteiten heerlijke maaltijden. Dit jaar is er zelfs een StudentChef wedstrijd gehouden, waar uiteindelijk de beste kok er met de prijs vandoor ging. Kun jij meer dan alleen magnetronmaaltijden en diepvriespizza’s bereiden, dan is het zeker de moeite waard om een kijkje te nemen bij de KookCie!
Zeilwagencommissie De oudste commissie van Simon Stevin is ook een commissie die je niet ergens anders gaat tegenkomen. Al bijna vijftig jaar heeft de vereniging een eigen zeilwagenvloot waarmee elk jaar meerdere weekenden en zelfs een midweek worden georganiseerd om ze te gebruiken. Tijdens deze activiteiten wil het nog wel eens gebeuren dat hieraan het één en ander kapot gaat en het is dan aan de ZeilwagenCie om dit te repareren. Een lid van de ZeilwagenCie moet dus niet bang zijn om vieze handen te krijgen en zijn vrije tijd graag invullen met flink beunen!
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Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
BattleCie Er is binnen Simon Stevin een groot aantal commissies, maar er kan er maar één de beste zijn. Omdat commissies hier onderling niet makkelijk uitkomen, is er de BattleCie, die meerdere keren per jaar de Commissiebattles organiseert. De invulling van deze battles is dan ook volledig aan de commissie, van pubquizzen tot races in winkelwagentjes, het kan allemaal. Aan het einde van het jaar gaat de winnende commissie er met de prachtige wisselbeker vandoor!
MeisCie Voor eenieder die het nog niet wist, het aantal vrouwen bij de studie Werktuigbouwkunde is aan de lage kant. Vandaar dat er een speciale commissie is bij Simon Stevin voor enthousiaste vrouwelijke werktuigbouwstudentes: De MeisCie. In deze commissie organiseer je activiteiten die jou samen met je medestudentes even uit de mannenwereld die Werktuigbouwkunde heet laat ontsnappen. Denk aan heerlijke uitjes naar de hamam of een cursus bonbons maken! Ook organiseer je eens per jaar een activiteit voor alle leden zodat zij ook eens zien wat jullie leuk vinden!
PaparaCie Door het jaar heen organiseert Simon Stevin veel activiteiten en dit moet natuurlijk allemaal op de gevoelige plaat vastgelegd worden. De PaparaCie is bij elke activiteit aanwezig om er zeker van te zijn dat er naderhand mooie plaatjes zijn van alles wat er tijdens de activiteiten gebeurt. Naast het maken van de foto’s is de commissie ook nog in de weer met het bewerken van de foto’s en video’s. Zo kunnen we jaren later nog terugkijken op al het moois wat Simon Stevin heeft georganiseerd.
Interesse? Heb je interesse in een van bovenstaande commissies of wil je meer informatie over wat het precies inhoudt om deel te nemen in een commissie? Kom dan vrijblijvend naar de commissie-infolunches op maandag 25 en donderdag 28 september. De lunches vinden plaats in de hal van Gemini-Zuid tijdens de pauze van 12:30 tot 13:30, kom langs voor een geheel verzorgde gratis lunch en kijk welke commissie bij jou past!
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Smile of Science
Pim van Mil
Sense and Nonsense in technology
Tech
Tech
Iron Man
Do not disturb while driving
One day in early summer last year, Richard Browning headed to his farmyard in the English countryside. He attached a jet fuelfueled micro gas turbine, effectively a small version of a plane engine, to each of his arms and legs. And so his development of his “Iron Man” like suit started. His current suit is a light exoskeleton attached to six gas turbines with a combined thrust of 130 kilograms. His flights, from a few seconds, now last as long as twelve minutes. To hover, Browning starts his engines before directing his movement with small, precise shifts of his body. The two turbines on his back are splayed out to provide balance; the two on each arm angle forward. Pointing down creates what Browning calls “a teepee of thrust vectors,” pushing him away from the ground. Shifting his arms back sends him forward; flaring his arms out pushes him down. If he wants more speed, he pulls his arms in and pushes his chest out. The suit is constantly improving. The latest addition: a heads-up display, supplied by Sony. Working with a company that had created augmented reality swimming goggles, Browning has developed a holographic lens “genuinely like a heads-up display fighter system.”
Been trying to be a safer driver and not look at your phone while behind the wheel? Apple has an update in the works to help. When the new iOS 11 comes to iPhones this fall, the new operating system will include a “Do Not Disturb While Driving” mode users can turn on. Once the feature is turned on, your iPhone can tell when you may be driving and automatically mute your notifications so your screen remains dark. You can also set up
your device to send your favorite contacts an automatic reply to tell them you are driving and will get back to them when you arrive. Most contacts will receive a note saying, “I’ll see your message when I get where I’m going,” he said. But special contacts can be allowed to pass through so you have the peace of mind that you can get contacted and that message will go through.
Browning says the suit, which he calls Daedalus after the legendary Greek inventor, is stable and simple to control. “It’s just pointing the vectors in the right place. Your brain very quickly wires itself to be able to manage that.” But it is an augmentation of human ability, not a personal helicopter. Browning runs ultra-marathons and practices callisthenics, gymnastic exercises he learnt as a Royal Marine reserve. On a flying machine, every bit of weight counts and to pilot Daedelus, Browning dropped from 75 to 72 kilograms.
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Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
Tech
The “CityTree” Air pollution is one of the world’s invisible killers. It causes seven million premature deaths a year, making it the largest single environmental health risk, according to the World Health Organization. In urban areas, air quality is particularly problematic. More than 80% of people living in areas where pollution is monitored are exposed to air quality levels that exceed WHO limits. And given that by 2050 two thirds of the global population will be urban, cleaning up our cities’ air is a matter of urgency. One well-established way to reduce air pollutants is to plant trees, as their leaves catch and absorb harmful particulates. But planting new trees is not always a viable option. That’s why the “CityTree”, a mobile installation which removes pollutants from the air, has been popping up in cities around the world, including Oslo, Paris, Brussels and Hong Kong. Each CityTree is just under 4 meters tall, nearly 3 meters wide and 2.19 meters deep, available in two versions: with or without a bench. A display is included for information or advertising. Berlin-based Green City Solutions claims its invention has the environmental benefit of up to 275 actual trees.
But the CityTree isn’t, in fact, a tree at all. It is a moss culture. Moss cultures have a much larger leaf surface area than any other plant. That means we can capture more pollutants. The huge surfaces of moss installed in each tree can remove dust, nitrogen dioxide and ozone gases from the air. The installation is autonomous and requires very little maintenance: solar panels provide electricity, while
rainwater is collected into a reservoir and then pumped into the soil. To monitor the health of the moss, the CityTree has sensors which measure soil humidity, temperature and water quality. Its creators say that each CityTree is able to absorb around 250 grams of particulate matter a day and contributes to the capture of greenhouse gases by removing 240 metric tons of CO2 a year.
type of an all-electric aircraft with a range of up to 965 km. Presented at the 52nd International Paris Air Show, the prototype could be ready to move into certification and commercialization as soon as next year.
The electric aircraft could potentially fly six to nine passengers, in addition to two crew members on long distances. With the intention to commercialize the plane by 2018, Eviation by far has the most aggressive timeline of any company intent on producing an electric plane. Due to the energy density of batteries, electric air transport has been limited. However, the company says it has developed a new aluminum-air battery that will make it possible for consumers to fly without harming the environment. Rather than compete with traditional aviation companies, Eviation will position itself as an Uber-like on-demand transport service.
Tech
Electric plane Though flying via airplane is fast and fun, it’s one of the least environmentallyfriendly methods of travel. That may soon change, however, as Eviation Aircraft (a member of NASA’s on-demand mobility program) recently unveiled the first proto-
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Staut
Rhetoricadispuut Tau heet je welkom!
Je wordt eerstejaarsstudent bij Werktuigbouwkunde en daarmee breekt de mooiste tijd van je leven aan. Hoewel ieder z’n studententijd wel zal bestempelen als een geweldige vijf zes zeven jaar, helpt Rhetoricadispuut TAU je nu het beste te halen uit je studentenleven. Bart Verhaegh Als je deze editie van de Simon Ster leest, is de kans redelijk groot (95% betrouwbaarheidsinterval op de nulhypothese, maar dat leer je later wel!) dat je een eerstejaars Werktuigbouwkundestudent bent. Waar VVV-tjes (Vriendjes van vroeger) misschien kozen voor een studie sociologie, communicatiewetenschappen of misschien wel rechten, koos jij voor een topopleiding met de grootst denkbare baankans en een salaris waar John de Mol zelfs de kriebels van krijgt.1 Maar goed, dit alles geldt natuurlijk alleen voor studenten die uiteindelijk de eindstreep halen. Hoe je een geweldige studententijd krijgt, zonder een negatief BSA advies te krijgen en voor Fontys Hogescholen te hoeven opteren.
Ga op kamers Als student zal je in je eerste jaar je draai vinden op de TU-campus en in Eindhoven. Om het meeste uit je studietijd te halen is het essentieel dat je op kamers gaat. Ook al ben je niet van plan de eeuwige student met een tweemaal zo grote lever te worden, dan toch is het zelfstandig wonen een snelkookpan voor je persoonlijke ontwikkeling. Het samen wonen met andere academici is niet alleen gezellig, maar ook nog eens leerzaam. Een scherpe discussie met een oudejaars of andere intellectueel is leerzamer 1
http://www.elsevierweekblad.nl/onderzoek/achtergrond/2017/06/wat-is-je-studie-waard-93259w/
dan aan je ouders en je zusje vertellen wat je die dag allemaal hebt gedaan. Twijfel je nog om op kamers te gaan? Schrijf je dan in ieder geval nu al in bij studentenhuisvestingsstichting Vestide; zij bieden kamers op basis van hoe lang je al ingeschreven staat, en inschrijven is gratis! Mocht je later bedenken toch te verhuizen naar de Lichtstad, dan heb je in ieder geval ruim de keuze.
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Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
Ga bij een vereniging Je loopt binnenkort intro en je maakt dan naast kennis met je medestudenten ook kennis met de tientallen verenigingen die Eindhoven Studentenstad rijk is. Natuurlijk leer je je studievereniging kennen, maar daarnaast kent Eindhoven studentengezelligheids-, sport- en cultuurverenigingen voor zo’n beetje elke activiteit die je je kan bedenken. Beoefen je een sport of hobby, ga dan zeker bij de bijbehorende vereniging kijken. Veel studenten kiezen er ook voor om eens een nieuwe hobby op te pakken!
Vrienden binnen én buiten je jaarlaag Natuurlijk is het goed vrienden te maken binnen je jaarlaag. Niet alleen vorm je in je studententijd waarschijnlijk een vriendenkring waar je later nog veel contact mee zult hebben, maar is het ook verdomde handig iedereen te kennen in projectvakken, om vragen aan te stellen en natuurlijk voor de broodnodige gezelligheid. Vergeet echter niet dat er naast je jaarlaag nog zes jaar aan studenten Werktuigbouwkunde rondloopt in Gemini en de meeste van hen bijten niet. Stap eens op iemand af in SELSOL (Een studeer- en experimenteerruimte), De Weeghconst (de lokale faculteitsbar) of de Simonkamer (de verenigingsruimte van de studievereniging). Naast een goede dosis gezelligheid kan je bij ouderejaars namelijk ook vaak terecht voor samenvattingen en andere hulp voor je vakken. In contact komen met die ouwe lullen (een zogenaamde verticale band) lijkt lastig, maar het tegendeel is waar. Ben je lid van een vereniging, dan kom je er zo achter wie van de leden Werktuigbouwkunde studeert. Zij studeren net als jij aan de grootste majorstudie van Eindhoven; je kan ze bijna niet missen. Ons, Rhetoricadispuut Tau, herken je aan de blauw-witgouden truien. Wij zijn altijd meer dan bereid je te helpen in je studentencarrière.
Wees geen krent Je studententijd is de mooiste tijd die er is, maar die tijd is niet gratis. Wees echter niet bang om dit geld te lenen en uit te geven. Het rentetarief over de studiefinanciering en het studievoorschot is verlaagd naar het historisch lage niveau van 0 procent; dat is letterlijk niets. Dit is de beste lening die je ooit in je leven gaat krijgen. Je hoeft niet bang te zijn dat je het later niet terug gaat verdienen, je studeert immers Werktuigbouwkunde. Als je over 30 jaar op je jacht in Monaco ligt te relaxen moet je lachen om die schattige studieschuld van slechts €40.000 euro. Jezelf ontplooien en het meeste uit je studie halen wordt tevens door de bedrijven waar je later terecht kunt komen erg gewaardeerd. Een goede investering dus! Met deze tips moet je de eerste weken van je nieuwe leven wel doorkomen. Stap uit die comfortzone, leg een sociaal leven aan en vergeet tussendoor niet jezelf ook academisch te ontwikkelen; daarvoor ben je immers hierheen gekomen. Rest ons niets dan je een ontzettend gave studententijd toe te wensen! En kom je op Stratumseind een blauw-wit-gouden trui tegen, twijfel niet ons aan te spreken.
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Een warm welkom
Van de opleidingsdirecteur
Camilo Rindt is de Opleidingsdirecteur van de faculteit Werktuigbouwkunde. Hij richt het woord tot de nieuwe lichting studenten die zijn begonnen met de studie Werktuigbouwkunde. Camilo Rindt Allereerst: welkom bij werktuigbouwkunde! Na een vaak lange vakantie ligt er een nieuwe fase in je leven voor je, studeren aan de TU/e en alles dat daarbij hoort. Tijdens de Introductieweek zul je kennis maken met de faculteit, de studie en het studentenleven. Je zult zien wat er in de studie van je verwacht wordt en wat de mogelijkheden zijn om je daarnaast te ontwikkelen. Voor sommigen betekent dit ook het omschakelen van thuis wonen naar zelfstandig wonen, wat een extra uitdaging is voor je studiediscipline.
Want vergis je niet, thuis of op kamers: het is nu (weer) tijd om aan het werk te gaan. Je zult merken dat je hier met een groep studenten bij elkaar bent die allemaal techniek op een of andere manier leuk vinden, die allemaal weinig moeite hebben gehad met de exacte vakken en die nu allemaal nieuwsgierig zijn naar wat er komen gaat. Er staat veel te gebeuren. Vanaf de eerste week mag je drie nieuwe vakken gaan volgen en daarnaast het groepsproject en een aantal tooltrainingen gaan doen. Je zult snel merken dat er hard gewerkt moet worden; als je achterstand oploopt, is het moeilijk om dat weer in te halen. Want ‌ het tempo gaat snel omhoog. Kortom: in de komende paar weken zul je merken dat je soms moeite moet doen om de stof bij te houden en over acht weken staan de eerste tentamens al voor de deur. Die tentamens zijn een grote verandering, want je moet voor elk vak een voldoende halen. Je mag tentamens wel over doen, maar hoe vaker dat moet, hoe meer je gaat achterlopen met je studie. Bij collega-studenten die hier al langer rondlopen hoor je vaak terug: op het VWO ging alles eigenlijk vanzelf, maar op de TU was ik ineens niet meer bij de beste van de klas en moest ik mijn best doen om bij te blijven. Uiteraard doen alle docenten hun uiterste best om je te helpen. Dat betekent ook dat, zo gauw je zelf merkt dat je moeite hebt met de stof, je de docent (bijvoorbeeld tijdens de Begeleide Zelfstudie) om hulp kunt vragen. Daarnaast is er je tutor, in het eerste kwartiel je studentmentor/tutor (begeleider bij het projectonderwijs) om je te helpen met het projectonderwijs en het aanleren van nieuwe studievaardigheden. En je hebt een docentcoach voor vragen over studieplanning, keuzes die je moet maken of gewoon voor een goed advies. Mocht je daar behoefte aan hebben dan kun je ook contact opnemen met de studieadviseur. Zij kan je helpen met alle vragen over planning, vakken, prioriteiten, etc. Al met al sta je nu aan het begin van een grote uitdaging. Het kan een mooie reis worden, de gidsen staan klaar, maar je moet zelf op weg gaan. Heel erg veel succes!
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Bachelor Final Project
Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
Shell Energy Challenge
This year, for the first time students could participate in the Shell Energy Challenge as their Bachelor Final Project. As opposed to many other projects, the Shell Energy Challenge is one in which students work together on one single subject. Luuk Roumen is one of these students and will give some insights on their research topics and the project in general. Eva Eggels The goal of the project is to make a pioneering contribution to the transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources. Three groups of about five people participate in this project and are free to choose their own topic to work with. The way of cooperation can be compared to the one used in Design Based Learning. Every week a meeting is organised to update other group members on recent findings. The first phase of the project is focused on carrying out literature research and getting familiar with the topic in general as a group. The second phase has a more individual approach and is on deepening knowledge on a more specific part of the topic. Chosen topics are the transition to the use of geothermics, the use of tide-energy and the use of more sustainable energy sources in the transport sector. The last topic is the one on which Luuk’s group is working. The group attempts to find out what possible alternatives exist for the use of conventional fuels and which one of those is the most promising. Attention has been paid to metal fuels, super capacitors and formic acid. Super capacitors are in a strong position. They can be compared to batteries, but better ones. Charging times are shorter, lifetimes are longer and the raw material for producing them, graphene, will never run out. Currently, the limiting factor is the range, the low energy density of the super capacitors. However, it is expected that this will improve with time. Luuk’s personal focus during the project is on metal fuels. The first conclusion he could draw is that they are a nice alterna-
tive for normal fuels, but not that convenient for the transport sector. A big advantage of metal powders is the fact that they are reusable. When burned, stable and nontoxic products are formed that can be collected in an easy way. At the time of writing this, he is in the second, individual phase of the project and is finding out how metal fuels can be used to store energy surpluses. How much storage would you need? And in which way would the infrastructure around it be organised? In order to answer these questions, a lot of assumptions have to be made. No experiments are involved in the project, so he sometimes misses the confirmation that developed ideas and plans can actually work out. Luuk also mentions that he has gained a lot of fundamental knowledge on the topic they are working on, but that he could also have learned that during a course. On the other hand, he is happy with the supervision of the project. Every group has a personal contact from Shell. These contacts can help contacting the right persons within the company that can share the knowledge that is needed. Also, all groups that participate in this challenge have had a guided tour of the company. Working at the Bachelor Final Project in a group is also something which in the end works out well. Luuk finds it motivating to contribute to a group and to know that together you can tackle a larger problem, than you could have done on your own. Would you also like to tell something on your BFP in the Simon Ster? Please contact redactie@simonstevin.tue.nl.
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The Solar Team with Stella Vie
On the 21st of June the Solar team reveiled their new car the Stella Vie
Photo by Bart van Overbeeke
After 10 months of working, the day we waited on for so long was finally there: on the 21st of June, we presented our new car: Stella Vie! This car is the most efficient family car that has ever been built. It can transport 5 persons, has a range of 1000 km on a sunny summer day in the Netherlands and is nine percent more aerodynamic than its predecessor, Stella Lux. How did we get to this design?
The first steps As described in the previous editions of the Simon Ster, we started in September 2016 as a team of 23 students with different study backgrounds. We started with an empty sheet of paper: we had to get to know each other ánd at the same time decide upon the car we wanted to build. Also, we discussed what goal we wanted to achieve. After some long discussions and some technical investigations, we decided that we wanted to build a pretty, efficient, practical car that provides room for 5 persons. A big challenge, as we also decided to compete (and strive for the first position) in the Cruiser Class of the Bridgestone World Solar Challenge. Competing in this challenge means meeting the requirements imposed by the organisation. This means for example that we can use maximally 5 metres squared of solar panel on our roof. Furthermore, to have a chance of winning in this challenge, we have to make our car aerodynamic, lightweight and very efficient. During our brainstorm sessions we also decided that we wanted our car to be road legal, which means even more requirements need to be met.
The design The next step was to complete the aerodynamic design of our car. While designing the aerodynamic shell of Stella Vie, a perfect balance between aerodynamic and aesthetic design was pursued.
Karlijn Fransen By making use of aerodynamic simulations we eventually established the outer shape of Stella Vie, with a curved roof, a diffusor and a boot tail. The result of the aerodynamic process yielded a car body which features some well known automotive design features whilst also being nine percent more aerodynamic than its predecessor, Stella Lux. Although Stella Vie has a smaller battery and a solar array that is one square meter smaller, it still achieves a range of a 1000 kilometers on a sunny summer day in the Netherlands. The surplus energy generated by Vie can be supplied back to the house or electric grid. The smart charging and discharging system keeps track of energy prices and the user’s agenda in order to find the optimal time to charge or discharge. Stella Vie’s charging status can also easily be checked through its connection with a smart thermostat.
Producing and assembly After completing the aerodynamic design of the car, we had to design everything inside the car: the steering system, braking system, suspensions, powertrain, solar system, interior and the layups of our carbon body parts. After months of designing, we started to produce parts of our car. As I described in the previous version of the Simon Ster, we built the carbon monocoque ourselves. We also assembled all body parts and all other components in the car ourselves. The result is our new car Stella Vie! Although we have worked for more than 10 months, the adventures of Stella Vie just begin! In the first place, we have to prepare ‘Vie’ to drive her first kilometers. On 26th of July, we have the RDW test that will determine if we can get a full license plate. Just a few weeks later we will already depart to Australia to prepare ourselves for the Bridgestone World Solar Challenge in October! There is no time yet to sit back and relax, we will continue working to win the world title!
L uC s t Dr uB m,gB a L a astle
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aarlo
novemBer 17 2017 th
D i n e , D r i n k, Da n c e CoaCh to Castle three-Course menu Drinks inCluDeD entertainment DanCe until 4 a.m. CoaCh to Campus €65,-
s tay
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& Brunch
stay over at Castle BrunCh (11.a.m. to 1 p.m.) only
€15,- extra
tiCkets at simonstevin.tue.nl from septemBer 7th
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Profile: Hyundai IONIQ EV 2017
Electric power
It’s not so easy to make the right choice when all the choices are better. The Hyundai IONIQ EV is a new trend setter in the entry level electric vehicle segment and will be a tough competition for its current and future rivals. Aakash Amul Hyundai is a very popular South Korean brand around the world and mainly in Asia and USA. It is known for its affordability and features in its products. The South Korean manufacturer started with manufacturing cars for Toyota and Ford after which they started making their own cars for the global markets. Hyundai Motors was ranked 39th most valuable global brand with an estimated brand value of $11.3 billion in the 2015 Top Best Global Brands. It is giving many futuristic options like the other global auto giants who compete for the future of mobility. The Ioniq EV 2017 was launched recently in Europe and all over the world. There is also a Hybrid version of the Ioniq with electric assist, but the focus for the review was on a full electric vehicle in the passenger mid-segment sedan. The Hyundai Ioniq was selected as a brand new mid-segment sedan to the Dutch market from Hyundai and has similar features as the Tesla cars, comparable with the Tesla Model 3. The Ioniq comfort variant was tested in Amersfoort from Hyundai Wittenburg, who is one of the leading Hyundai dealers in the Netherlands.
Driving the Ioniq It was a very stormy day in Netherlands and after a long delay, due to the cancellation of many trains, we reached the dealer in Amersfoort. At first we were welcomed by the customer executive and given a short briefing about the car followed by the dealer test drive to show us the autopilot feature. Later it was our turn to feel and play with her! “I meant with the Ioniq”. Hyundai cars are known for the Hatch backs and mid-segment sedans popularly with their VTVT (Petrol) and CRDI(Diesel ) engines. This Ioniq is a gentle and a soft mid-segment sedan having some hidden power like the Tesla. Thanks to the instant torque from the 88kW permanent magnet AC-motor with a single speed gear train. The Ioniq is a front wheel driven car like the other sedans in its segments and is based on the Hyundai i30 platform. The car had a comfortable turning radius and instant steering response while pulling out of the close spaced parking lot. Amersfoort is a beautiful town with narrow streets and are lots of open fields around it. The car was able to drive easily through
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Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
the city roads and it was also driven on a long stretch urban road where we could test the Ioniq’s driving performance. The drive was very smooth as she was cruising in Eco- and power mode, like a butter sliding on a non-stick pan. In a certain point unexpectedly we had to give way for a big truck on a narrow road, so the wheels on one side was driven on wet grass, Interestingly the traction controls were amazing. The small discomfort we had was the body roll due to cross winds, this was clearly because of the stormy day and low body weight combination. The car reached 0-100 in 9.6 seconds according to our tests, thanks to its aerodynamic design, which was pretty decent for a mid-segment sedan. This is very much suited for city driving where there is no need for frequent gear shifts and the instant torque helps in passing signals in time. The Ioniq has many driving modes which can be selected using the paddle shifters mounted on the steering wheel. The normal mode and the regenerative mode are amongst them. The normal mode is when you don’t like the car resisting your zero torque cruise and the regenerative mode is when you don’t want your car to resist going back home after unplanned additional kilometers.
Exterior The Ioniq’s exterior was amazing with a closed nose highlighting the Hyundai badge and a sports back rear tail design similar to that of the “honda civic” with a split rear wind shields. The face was a bit blunt and could have been more sportier to attract young drivers. The aerodynamics were well smartly designed considering the drive range and stability. According to the manufacturer the frictional coefficient is comparable with the TESLA S but we are not mentioning it, as it varies according to the testing terrain. The bi-Xenon projector lamps and the LED tail lightings were very apt for the car’s design also considering the energy consumption. The styling of the lights made the car look more posher and stylish from the outside. The 16 Inch alloy wheels made it looked more appealing on the road, but still it lacked the essence of the sharp attractiveness like the sizzling hot Tesla Model S or the Model 3.
Interior The Ioniq is more of a driver’s car. As the interior space was amazing in the front and satisfied a 6.3 feet driver, but the leg room at the rear was a bit cramped when the seats in the front was far behind. Overall Hyundai managed to make a spacious interior design by making the door trims not so thick with big protecting hand rests. The neatly furnished seats were placed in the appropriate hip point level for a family car which made it easier to get in and get out easily. The cluster panel was neatly organized but could have been made bigger. The dashboard console comes with a 7.5 inch interactive display powered by Apple CarPlay® and Android Auto®. The entertainment system was fantastic with direct plug in features and the premium Infinity® audio system delivers an excellent music quality. The interior panels were worth the cost with partial wooden and coated stylings, The well-ordered dashboard had the traditional buttons and dials like the other Hyundai’s and the drive shifter was in the form of buttons (P,N,D) along with an electric parking break feature similar to the ones seen in more expensive cars. The steering wheel was also well designed with a flattened bottom making it easier for big belly drivers. The ergonomics between the steering controls and the cluster panels could have been more better. The rear part of the car holds the 18kWh battery pack so in order to compensate the weight and the vehicle dynamics effects, the drive system and other auxiliaries is in the front, So there is no front trunk like the Tesla. The batteries are in the rear above the torsion beam suspension, giving way to a larger trunk space of 673 liter. The lithium polymer batteries with an efficient liquid-flow management system to give optimum performance during cold weather also. The batteries can be charged in 23 mins with two 100kW power adapters, The current charging time is almost 5 hours with 220V mains supply and almost 35-40 mins with 50kW charging adapters.
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The safety features are loaded and Hyundai smartly attracts customers with the features. The car has full cover airbags, ABS-ESP, Traction control, Adaptive cruise control, autonomous braking and active lane keeping system providing an semi-autonomous driving feature with its 10 secs autopilot option. The autopilot was not well refined like the one used by Tesla, but we are hoping for a better software update in future and additional range in 2018.
Specifications
Hyundai Ioniq EV 2017
Drivetrain
Electric Motor AC-interior-permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. With single speed gear reduction
Output Power
88 kW
Output Torque
291.5 Nm
Range
150-190 km (seasonal dependency)
Battery
360 V Li-ion polymer 28.0 kWh
Charging
4.5-5 hours
Fast charging
80% in 30 minutes
Wheels
16 inch spoke alloy
Weight
2000 kg
Performance
0-100 km/h in 9.6 seconds
Suspension
Front: MacPherson strut Rear: Torsion-beam
Verdict The comfort variant was comfortable as described. The instant torque and automatic mimicked drive made it very comfortable for driving and it is indeed more efficient than the fossil fueled cars. The cabin needs to be more closed as there was a lot of noise from the wheels and the outside environment. This was not the same experience with the Tesla S of course the Tesla is more pricier than the Ioniq. The limited range of 170-200 km with standard driving conditions will be useful for short intercity commuting a one way commuting between Eindhoven and Amsterdam, As the charging points are increasing exponentially in Europe, range won’t be much of a concern compared to the availability of charging space. In the near future Ioniq will have a proposed 400 km range to solve the range anxiety. It is more of a driver’s car which is also suitable for a small family. As it can hold some extra luggage for your family. The Ioniq’s on road price comes around 35k euros , the Tesla 3 base price is significantly higher. This will be a good option for someone who wants to save a few thousand euros on fuel, but a tough competition will be there between the Ioniq and the future rival Tesla 3. As Hyundai is a mass producer with a stable market share there is a strong strength in its reliability. The drivetrain is not very complicated and furthermore Hyundai gives customers a 200k km guarantee. The features are amazing for this price, but still it is expensive compared to the hybrid variants. The reducing battery prices might make it cheaper in future. The Ioniq’s electric drive has a lot of advantage from driving, comfort levels and operational costs apart from the interior spacing and sustainability benefits. According to our opinion the Ioniq will be a better option to consider against the pricier BMW i3 and the smaller Nissan Leaf. Though, we need to wait for the Tesla 3 to know more about it.
Ratings for the Hyundai IONIQ EV Experience Interior Exterior Comfort Overall rating of the Hyundai IONIQ EV
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Honors project
Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
Team Wood Vinegar
Last Carnival, five TU/e students travelled to Thailand for a project in the Honors Academy, aimed at offering farmers a sustainable alternative for synthetic pesticides. This is their story as told by one of the group members, Max van Meer. Max van Meer Biological farming in Thailand The story starts with Non Baanraipreeda, the person on the right in the picture. Having lived as a tailor in Bangkok for years, he grew tired of the city life and decided to move to the countryside to live as a farmer. He didn’t have any experience with farming, so he started doing research on agricultural science and how to make soil suitable for all sorts of crops. His neighbors, who had been farmers for generations, declared him a fool when he claimed to be able to grow something other than bananas. Traditionalism is deeply interwoven in Thai culture, so it was a surprise to everyone when Non started experimenting with new techniques, especially when he succeeded. Not only did he build a diverse farm from scratch, he did so without using any synthetic pesticides. Every year, over a quarter million people in Thailand suffer from pesticide poisoning. In many
cases, the symptoms force these people to stop working, leading to a loss of their income. So when Non learned of a movement of biological farmers that started to create their own biological pesticide called wood vinegar from leftover wood, he decided to join them.
Wood vinegar Unlike most synthetic pesticides, wood vinegar (or pyroligneous acid) is unharmful to humans. It has been proven to be an effective means to repel insects and snails from crops, while at the same time enriching the soil. Since wood vinegar is only mildly toxic to most soil organisms, its environmental risk is minimal. When added to stock feed, wood vinegar has also been proven to increase nutrient digestibility of pigs and increased production and quality of chicken eggs. All in all, there is ample evidence that wood vinegar has great potential in agriculture.
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Production of wood vinegar Three years ago on holiday in Thailand, I got introduced to Non, as het is a friend of my Thai aunt. He proudly showed us his farm, including the setup that he built to produce his own wood vinegar. Thai farms are typically large enough to produce piles of leftover wood every week, meaning that they have everything they need to start producing wood vinegar without having to buy materials every week. Non’s installation consists of two horizontal oil barrels with holes in de front and back. Sand is used as isolation and it is all enclosed by concrete walls. When running the installation, the oil barrels are filled with wood. A fire is stoked in front and the temperature in the oil barrel slowly rises to about 500-600 degrees. This is when a process called pyrolysis takes place, which causes the wood to release gas. Among these are water, methanoic- and ethanoic acid, light hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. These gases flow out of the hole in the back and are led through a long bamboo tube placed at an angle. This tube is cooled by the outside air and some of the gases condense and flow back down, where they drip into a bucket. At the end of the day, this bucket contains about 3-4 liters of a mixture of tar and wood vinegar. In about four months, the tar sinks to the bottom and the wood vinegar can be separated and diluted for use on the farm.
improvement. That’s why I decided to join the Honors Academy and try to form a team of students to work on improving the installation. We ended up with five people: three mechanical engineering students (Bart Tulkens, Gijs Herings and Max van Meer), one from chemical engineering (Steven Kuijpers) and one from sustainable innovation (Sjoerd Pernot). For the past year, we have been learning about pyrolysis and how to optimize this installation in the cheapest way possible. The main problem with Non’s old design, which is similar to many wood vinegar distilleries in Thailand, is that a lot of the gas escapes the tubes uncondensed. Another issue is that running the installation takes an entire day, during which someone is required to constantly keep the fire going. In order to learn what else was on the farmers’ mind regarding wood vinegar and how we could apply this in the design, we conducted surveys. This was quite challenging as not many Thai farmers have a computer and they live quite far apart, but we managed to spread physical copies and get about twenty responses.
A byproduct of the production process is biochar. This is used as well, for cooking and increasing soil fertility. The tar is used to prevent wood from rotting.
Figure 2: the new preliminary design
Preliminary design
Figure 1: the conventional design
The preliminary design we came up with is a compromise between efficiency, cost and ease of construction. The first main change is that a milk chug placed in a water basin functions as the condenser. For farmers with access to plenty of running water, this basin can be continually replaced with cold water. The gases from the pyrolysis container enter the milk chug in the top and gradually fill up the space until they can escape up through a protruded pipe. The fraction of the gas that condenses drips down and is led out of the milk chug through a pipe, where it is collected in a bucket.
Improvement of the production process When I saw Non’s installation, I was very impressed with what they could achieve with relatively low costs and little formal education. It was obvious, however, that there was a lot of room for
Some of the gases, like the light hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, do not condense. After leaving the condenser, these gases are still about 60 degrees Celsius. In this preliminary design, these ga-
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Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
ses are led through another oil barrel that is filled with wood for the next run. If the uncondensed gases did not contain too much water, they could in this way dry the wood of the next batch. As drying the wood takes up about half of the runtime, this container could potentially cut the total time by several hours.
they would prefer paying for someone to build the installation for them, instead of doing so themselves using a manual. The societal impact also became clear. One of the people we met had been forced to stop working, as he had suffered from pesticide poisoning. Hearing about the numbers is not quite the same as meeting someone whose life has been seriously impacted by pesticides. All in all, we think that the trip has been very successful. We had been working on this project for half a year before finally seeing it all become reality. The things we learned and the obstacles we encountered would have been hard to know from such a large distance.
The future of this project
Figure 3: meeting with Thai farmers
Results To be able to test our installation, ask farmers for feedback and learn from the current techniques used, the Honors Academy decided to sponsor our plane tickets to Thailand. We made the trip last Carnival and stayed on Non’s farm for a week. We ran his installation, built and tested our preliminary design and spoke to a lot of farmers. We also visited two wood vinegar schools which teach people about these installations. The new installation yielded 5 L wood vinegar for 70 kg of wood, a little more than the 3-4 L that is normally obtained. The yield we think we can achieve with the final design is expected to be even higher, as Non’s installation turned out to be different than described beforehand, forcing us to improvise. This led to a part of the condensed wood vinegar being lost in a tube, in this prototype. The drying container did prove to be a success, as it caused about a 15% reduction in the wood’s mass. The exact influence of this on the runtime is soon to be measured. Unfortunately, three runs are the limit for a weeklong stay, as the installation takes an entire day to cool down. What was especially inspiring is that we could finally hear the farmers’ feedback and learn how they think about wood vinegar. For example, we learned that they were willing to pay more than the initial estimate of €30, up to about €45. They also mentioned that
In the remainder of this academic year, the results of the experiments and surveys will be incorporated in a final design. The building instructions will be written in a manual, translated to Thai and given to the wood vinegar schools we visited. This will help spread our work to more farmers, but a lot more can be done. The design can be optimized more, different types of installations can be experimented with and more organizations can be partnered with to build upon this project. The five of us are moving on to new projects after this academic year, so we encourage anyone who is interested to check out the extra info and video on our website (teamwoodvinegar.com) and ask us any questions you might have (info@teamwoodvinegar.com). First year’s students can join the Honors Academy to continue with this project, others are free to contribute as well. With this project, you have a chance to apply your engineering skills to make a real difference in the everyday lives of Thai farmers.
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Company Visit
Shell Technology Centre
In Amsterdam a British-Dutch oil and gas company’s research and development department houses. On the 6th of June we visited the Shell Technology Centre Amsterdam to get insight on the research they do and the career opportunities they have. Daan van Boekel As per usual a group of students had to wake up quite early for a visit. This time however, it were not just members of Simon Stevin, as this visit was in collaboration with Hora Est. For those who do not know, this is the joined PhD association of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering. Having arrived and after everybody’s ID was checked we were invited to listen to the opening presentation of the day. A keynote speaker opened the day with a general presentation about Shell and his job. Next up Michael Golombok co-organisor of the day and part-time teacher at the TU/e hosted a presentation. This presentation could be seen as a supplement to his course on petroleum engineering about the differences between up- and downstream work. After the opening presentations we were invited to have lunch with some graduates of Shell. In an informal settings it was possible to get to know Shell and what working there is like. As we all had had to get up early in the morning it was time for some re-energizing! An actual fitness instructor entered the room to do some exercises with us. They also invited him to show that there are quite some facilities at STCA. Some breathing exercises and stretches did the trick; we were ready for the afternoon program! We were split into smaller groups to be guided past set-ups at the Technology Centre. I was in the group which was first taken to a lab which specialized in catalysts. As you can imagine these are quite important for the reactor tanks Shell has on its chemical plants. For these catalysts it is important to have the shape right. The balance between surface and volume of the catalyst determines the rate at which they work and therefore at which rate the reactions flows.
My group was then taken to a lab focused on 3D printing. There different kinds of materials were printed from metals to plastics. The operator told us about the research they conducted on 3D printing and what the applications were. The third set up was the glassblowers workshop. For some research it is important to be able to see what is going on, or glass is the best material to conduct the research with. There are only a handful of glassblowing experts in the Netherlands of which two work at STCA. You need quite some training and experience to be able to become an expert, so it was interesting to see them at work. The final setup, which our group unfortunately did not get to visit was a vertical CT Scanner. Four very different setups show that Shell has a diverse R&D Center where a lot of innovate research is being conducted. We ended the day with “the marshmallow challenge.” During this challenge you get 20 sticks of spaghetti, 1 meter of tape, half a meter of rope and of course a marshmallow. With these objects you have to build the highest tower with the marshmallow on top. The point of this challenge is to learn how to work lean and agile. It turns out that the marshmallow is actually quite heavy and it is difficult to construct a high tower. By making mistakes early on you save yourself from doing work which later on turns out to be useless. This visit showed us that Shell does not only work with oil and gas, but also has an extensive R&D Center for renewing and innovative technologies!
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GDI: Microscopy
Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
Taking a closer look
For anyone that has ever attended biology classes it is straightforward knowledge that blood is actually a liquid filled with red blood cells and what a paramecium1 is. Chances are that you have seen them yourself, through a microscope; the subject of this edition of Great Dutch Inventions. Bas Raes A disputed invention The working of an microscope stands or falls with using proper optical lenses. The first mentions of magnifying glasses date back to the 13th century, where they appeared in eyeglasses. These glasses could magnify images but to study tissue at a microscopic level, another step had to be made. By combining multiple lenses (an objective lens close to the specimen and an eyepiece) higher magnifications could be achieved and so the (compound) microscope was created. Who actually managed in producing the first microscope is a subject of debate. Multiple people claimed to be the inventor, giving rise to a hefty discussion about whom should be granted the patent for the microscope. Most claims revolve in the city of Middelburg, a centre of spectacle makers at the time, thus making this a Dutch invention. In addition, the telescope and binoculars work by the same principle of combining lenses and thus these were invented in a simultaneous fashion. 1
pantoffeldiertje
The two main competitors for getting acknowledged as inventor of the microscope are Hans Lippershey and Zacharias Jansen. The first claimed to have been inspired by children playing with multiple magnifying glasses to obtain better magnifications and based his microscope on this idea. Jansen on the other hand, claimed that Lippershey had stolen the idea from him and his father. Although Jansen is predominantly regarded as the inventor, it was Lippershey who was granted the patent on the designs. All of this happened around the 1590’s.
Famous copycats That this invention brought quite something about in the scientific world is perhaps best illustrated by the fact that some famous scientist from that time were highly interested in this new apparatus. Galileo Galilei, the famous astronomer, requested special reports on this development and based on these he built his own telescope. The inventor Cornelis Drebbel, the inventor of last GDI (about submarines), also was occupied with the use of
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microscopes. Actually he was the first to describe a compound microscope. Furthermore, Christiaan Huygens developed the telescope and used that in his explanation for the peculiar ring shape of Saturnus.
The birth of microbiology Up to that point the use of the microscope in scientific applications was limited, partly because magnifications of only nine times could be achieved. This changed when a certain Antoni van Leeuwenhoek came into the picture around the midst of the 17th century. Bored by his ordinary work as cloth dealer, he taught himself amongst other things about glass blowing, grinding and polishing. This allowed him to create extremely good lenses for the time, enabling him to create microscopes that reached way better magnifications of about 270 times. To put this achievement in perspective: it would take 200 years before microscopes were developed to a higher level.
ments and verified the observations from Van Leeuwenhoek. This earned the latter a spot in the Royal Society and the nickname ‘father of the microbiology’. Since 1979 there is an annual lecture at the Royal Society, called the ‘Leeuwenhoek lecture’ about progress in the field of microbiology.
Beyond ordinary light As mentioned, it would take until the 19th century before further advancements were made in the field of microscopy. Companies like Carl Zeiss refined the apparatus and solved all kinds of problems, like distortion of light rays. In this way they pushed the scale of the light microscope to its physical limit: the wavelength of light photons. In the 1930’s the German scientists came with a solution to further increase the level of magnifications, using electrons. Thus the electron microscope was born, using beams of electrons as method of illumination to acquire resolutions far better than light microscopes. In recent years (say since 1990) another type of microscope has come to the scene, these microscopes work on the principle of probe scanning. In short they scan the surface of an material by (almost) touching it and by registering a force an image is compiled. This can give even lower resolutions as is illustrated in the picture below.
This significant improvement enabled Van Leeuwenhoek to properly study all kinds of biological phenomena. He started with looking at tissue from his own teeth and in this way was the first one to describe bacteria. He also discovered the existence muscle fibres and capillaries. Eventually he also took a closer look at sperm and observed that this actually existed out of many ‘swimming’ cells. Van Leeuwenhoek was far ahead of his time in his study and description of all kinds of microscopic structures and he popularized the use of microscopes.
Royal recognition Van Leeuwenhoek was eager to share his findings with fellow colleagues from the Netherlands and beyond. Via a contact he was even introduced to the Royal Society in London, an respected scientific body that still exists to this date. As none of the English researchers could reproduce his findings, Van Leeuwenhoek did not share his lens-making techniques, there was disbelief concerning his findings. In order to end the uncertainty a group of scientists visited the Netherlands to see the micro-organisms with their own eyes. One of these men was Robert Hooke, after whom the material law is named that every mechanical engineer is taught during the first year Mechanics course. He eventually reproduced the experi-
Recent Dutch Pride In the field of electron microscopes the Dutch still play a prominent role, represented by the company FEI. FEI is even situated in our very own Eindhoven! And surprise, surprise it used to be a part of the Philips group, just like ASML. Nowadays it is the market leader in the field of electron microscopes and its machines are used in areas ranging from the oil & gas industry to life sciences.
25
BAColumn: De Naborrel
Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
Escaleren kun je leren
Menig sjaars kent het woord niet. Niet het woord sjaars, maar natuurlijk de titel van deze BAColumn, de ‘naborrel’. Het bestaan van dit legendarische fenomeen is bij de meeste studenten wel bekend van naam, maar de precieze inhoud is en blijft een raadsel voor eenieder die niet aanwezig is geweest bij een ‘naborrel’. Tim van de Ven & Jasper Rosito Je vraagt je nu misschien af wie er dan op zo’n ‘naborrel’ is en hoe je daar zelf bij kan komen. Het antwoord op de eerste vraag is dat de ‘naborrel’ voor de BACo is. Nu hoor ik gelijk menig ouwe lul zeggen: “Ho eens, maar ik ben ook op wel eens op een ‘naborrel’ geweest!” Dat kan inderdaad waar zijn, maar een sjaars (die groentjes die nog niet weten waar OGO 20 zich bevind) kom je er niet gauw tegen. De reguliere donderdagborrel is eigenlijk bij iedereen wel bekend. Elke donderdag vanaf vier uur kan je in ons mooie betonnen gebouw afdalen naar de kelder. Tussen alle werkplaatsen die onder het staal en vet zitten vindt je één afwijkende ruimte: De Weeghconst. Wanneer je binnenloopt sta je in een met sfeerlampen verlichte kroeg met bruin houten lambrisering en koud bier op de tap. Achter de tap staat de BACo, ofwel de Bijzondere Activiteiten Commissie. Dit elite groepje verzorgt elke week de borrel onder leiding van de CoBA. Echter houdt deze borrel om een uur of zeven op en zal iedereen De Weeghconst moeten verlaten. De meeste studenten zullen dan na een hapje eten richting de stad gaan om daar nog een paar glazen gerstenat te nuttigen. De oplettende W-er zal opvallen dat de BACo nergens in de stad te bekennen is. Zij zijn namelijk nog in De Weeghconst bezig met de ‘naborrel’. De herkomst van de naam mag zo wel voor iedereen duidelijk zijn, zo niet moet je jezelf even achter de oren krabben of je wel geschikt bent voor Werktuigbouwkunde.
Maar wat gebeurt er nou op de ‘naborrel’? De mensen die tot het einde van de borrel blijven hangen zullen zien dat er begonnen wordt met de troep opruimen die tijdens de borrel is ontstaan onder begeleiding van muziek die door het gedreun maar vooral door het volume het tempo verhoogt. Wanneer het opruimen klaar is zal het volume gesmoord worden en kan de ‘naborrel’ beginnen. Wat deze illustere pilsbazen precies uitvoeren is elke week anders maar een rode draad is wel te herkennen aan de staat waarin de BACo zich verkeert wanneer deze om een uur of twaalf met z’n allen de stad in komen rollen. Op de ‘naborrel’ wordt er als heersers pils geknald en de grens tot escaleren verder overschreden dan menig knor voor mogelijk houdt. De ‘naborrel’ bevat namelijk een bepaalde cultuur die niet beschreven maar louter ervaren kan worden. Waarschijnlijk denk je nu: “Zo’n ‘naborrel’ lijkt me wel wat! Maar hoe kom ik er?” Zoals al gezegd is de ‘naborrel’ voor de BACo, echter worden regelmatig (oud)bestuurders en commissies uitgenodigd. Op deze manier krijgen ook mensen die niet bij de BACo zitten de kans om de sfeer op een ‘naborrel’ te proeven. Mocht je er geen genoeg van krijgen kan je altijd een KMT-schap aanvragen aan het einde van het collegejaar wanneer de BACo naar nieuwe leden zoekt. Hier leer je het tappen en nuttigen van bier en mag je van iedere ‘naborrel’ genieten.
26
Graduation project
Twan van de Weijer
The TU/e’s Master’s Track in Mechanical, Automotive, Control Systems provide research opportunities to learn about high tech systems. The knowledge you obtain during your study will be the base for any current and also futuristic technology developed in the future. Aakash Amul
tudes and high noise radiation levels in operation. Furthermore, resonances and the corresponding elastic deformations may limit the control bandwidth in mechatronic systems. Viscoelastic material damping may reduce these large vibration amplitudes which may increase (control) performance, durability, and lifetime. A proper selection of material type, implementation, and location of damping material can be used to shape dynamics in a desired way, and reduce undesired structural vibrations and radiated noise. A typical evolution of the storage modulus (measure for stiffness) and the loss factor (measure for damping) of a viscoelastic material are shown in Fig. 2. Note the Log-scale on the vertical axis in the storage modulus. This can easily span several decades. glass transition
Log(E )[Pa]
Twan is a recent graduate from the Dynamics and Control group from Master’s Mechanical Engineering. He worked under the guidance of Dr.ir. Rob Fey and under the super vision of Prof. Dr.Henk Nijmeijer. Twan did an interesting graduation project in the DCT lab located in the basement of Gemini-Zuid. His experimental setup includes a cantilever beam structure with high precision sensors. He will be giving an insight about his graduation project period.
rubber
Figure 1: ASML wafer stage
η[−]
Log(ω)[rad/s ]
Introduction to the Graduation Project Accurate dynamic models of mechanical systems are of great importance in the high precision industry. The design of these systems is generally characterized by a high stiffness and a low mass and these systems are often weakly damped. Dynamic excitation of the mechanical system may result in excessive vibration ampli-
Log(ω)[rad/s] Figure 2: Storage modulus (top) and loss factor (bottom) as function of frequency
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Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
y z
x
1
2
3
4
5
6 7
Figure 3: Beam with viscoelastic damping (black piece of rubber at right hand side)
Personal advice and opinion I have always had great interest in motion systems. Not only the underlying mechanisms of operation but also how we can increase the system performance by properly analyzing and modelling and cleverly designing the control architecture, without having to change the hardware itself. Understanding of the system dynamics plays a significant role in this procedure and the combination is therefore still very interesting to me. This project was done within the Dynamics and Control group and at the university itself which means that it is possible to get a desk in the DCT-lab. It is nice to have some fellow graduation students with who you can discuss just about every topic; both university and, maybe even more importantly, the non-university related matters. I liked
|G7,6 | [m/N]
10-3 10-5 10-7 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency [Hz] 200
G7,6 [deg]
In this work, a frequency response function (FRF)-based model updating approach has been used for model updating of a beam with (local) viscoelastic damping, see Fig. 3. First, an FRF-based model updating routine is selected and developed. Important processes within this model updating routine such as the selection of updating parameters and frequency points of interest are investigated using simulated experimental FRF data. Moreover, a suitable regularization (stabilization) method has been used which can improve the numerical conditioning of the model update process. Model updating is performed using a reduced order model and an optimal selection of measurement locations is used. The suggested model updating routine has been experimentally validated and the results for the FRF from excitation location 7 to measurement location 6 are shown in Fig. 4. It can be seen that indeed the amplitude and phase show increased correlation after updating which is beneficial in the context of control. In other words, with this increased confidence in the model, it may be possible to increase the control bandwidth and the precision of next generation mechatronic systems.
the freedom that I was given by my direct supervisor Rob Fey which meant that I had more control over my project then average. The downside of this freedom is that it takes somewhat longer to properly discuss matters if needed. When looking for a graduation project, be sure to contact professors from interesting courses and check with them what projects are available. Don’t rush this decision, you’ll be spending a lot of time and energy in this project. After graduation, I have taken some time off to travel to SouthAmerica to explore the amazing countries and experience being in a totally different culture, something which I can recommend to anyone. I am currently exploring the possibilities to continue my career in the High-Tech industry.
0 -200
ďż˝
In practice, the measured dynamic system behavior is usually not equal to predictions from numerical analyses, which are generally based on finite element (FE) models. These discrepancies can be reduced by changing model parameters and assumptions such as boundary conditions, (inter)connections and joints manufacturing tolerances/errors, until the experimental results and the model predictions are sufficiently close (depending on the situation considered). In the research field of model updating, it is assumed that system measurements are more reliable than results from analytical modelling.
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Frequency [Hz] Figure 4: Experimental FRF (black), initial model FRF (gray) and updated model FRF (red)
28
Euroreis 2017
Op reis naar Denemarken
Op een vroege gure dinsdagochtend in februari, verzamelde een gevarieerde groep van plusminus 27 studenten zich op de parkeerplaats achter Gemini. Ze droegen allemaal gelijksoortige rode truien en snelden zich zodra ze er waren naar een soort van zilveren kannen met bruine vloeistof toe. Een nieuw geheim genootschap op de campus? Willem Gommans & Lars Grolle Dat valt stiekem best wel mee. De insiders onder ons weten dat het hier om de start van de Euroreis 2017 ging! Deze zou de nog niets vermoedende deelnemers in zes dagen langs vele bedrijven, culturele activiteiten en verre plaatsen brengen. Bestemming van dag ĂŠĂŠn was namelijk Aarhus in Denemarken, een van de meest culturele steden van Europa. Hier zou overnacht worden in een geĂŻmproviseerd hostel om de volgende ochtend vroeg bij Vestas op de stoep te kunnen staan. Vol verwachting en na een boven verwachting mooi hostelontbijtje werd de rit naar dit windmolenbedrijf gestart. Echter was iedereen boven verwachting capabel in op staan en moest de rit met 10 minuten verlengd worden. Dit resulteerde inn mooie Helmondse wegcapriolen en een medaile voor onze enige echte buschauf-
feur Willem. Een uitgebreide presentatie volgde over fabrieksprocessen, waaronder onder andere de bouw en het vervoer van windmolens. De middag werd doorgebracht in de cultuurhoofdstad van Europa 2017. De werktuigbouwers werden hier ontzettend mooi begeleid door de korte zinnen van het programmaboekje. Na het bezichtigen van dit schitterende centrum, werd er uitgebreid avond gegeten. Een paar verrukkelijke zoute speklappen later waren we te vinden in het lokale bowlingcentrum. Wat betreft de rest van de woensdagavond, met name de woonkamer viel in de smaak. Deze bezat namelijk een aantal luxueus banken. Een ideale locatie voor het nuttigen van wat Faxe, Carlsberg of Tuborg. De volgende ochtend werd, voor de verandering, een constructie-
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Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
stonden op het menu. Dit was tevens ook een goede bodem, aangezien de dag nog jong was. Viking Willem stond op de planning; een rondleiding waarvan door ons alle bezienswaardigheden uitgespeeld zijn. Met name de kleine zeemeermin heeft ons een poos bezig weten te houden. Zaterdagmiddag was het al tijd om een beetje te gaan huilen. Dit zouden de laatste uurtjes in Denemarken zijn. Natuurlijk konden we niet vertrekken zonder een vrije middag in Kopenhagen. Maar na een laatste Deense maaltijd werd ’s nachts de reis naar Eindhoven begonnen. Nog wat toeristische weggetjes en uurtjes verder was er een einde gekomen aan al dit moois. Nogmaals een woord van dank aan de deelnemers! En onthoud: Alt taget i betragtning, er der kun to slags mennesker i verden, mennesker der læste sidste års artikel og dem, der ikke gor.
machinebedrijf bezocht dat ook nog mijnenvegers maakte. Het betrof het bedrijf Hydrema. In tegenstelling tot bij Vestas, waren deze productieprocessen hier meer beun. Vervaardigingslijnen voor staaldraad en stalen balken tot complete graafmachines konden hier bekeken worden. Rond de middag liep deze ochtend ten einde en werd de reis naar Vejen aangevangen. Een tussenstop is gemaakt langs de snelweg om in de gezellige ambiance van de plaatselijke parkeerplaats te lunchen. Na deze typische Lidl lunch kon het zwembad van Vejen verkend gaan worden zonder das om de nek “Since the bathmisters were not prominent enough”. En wat is er nu heerlijker na een middag zwemmen en een avond met spelletjes en liquide versnaperingen, dan weer vroeg op mogen staan? De wekker voor de op een na grootste speelgoedfabrikant stond namelijk al om 7.15. Lego werd bezocht op de vrijdag. Onze vriendelijke tourguide met zijn leuke grapjes heeft ons uitgebreid rondgeleid door zowel het engineering department als de fabriek. Veel stappen in het productieproces zijn bekeken, waaronder het persen van de blokjes, het vervoer naar de opslag en het testen en goedkeuren van de blokjes en mallen. Allen van ons hebben zich ook even Lego-eigenaar gewaand. Dat werd mogelijk gemaakt door de gratis Lego sleutelhangers aan het einde van de rondleiding. Nu gaat drinken en rijden niet zo goed samen. Daarom mochten de chauffeurs niet drinken onderweg naar Kopenhagen, helaas bleek de blaasinhoud van sommige oud penningmeesters te klein en verloren we iemand onderweg. Na een korte stop verplaatste het reisgezelschap zich naar de DTU. Hier was een studentikoze rondleiding (en echt Deens eten!) verzorgd. De avond en nacht werden besteed in de populaire, maar lege barren van Kopenhagen. Het katerontbijt volgde ietwat vroeg, namelijk al meteen om 9 uur. Goede koffie en kaneelbroodjes
30
Nuclear Energy Source
An introduction by Federico Felici
Since 2014, Federico Felici (Leiden, 1982) has been working as Assistant Professor in the Control Systems Technology (CST) group. His work focuses on control of nuclear fusion plasmas. In this article, Federico explains what nuclear fusion is all about and how control engineers can help to unlock this promising energy source. Federico Felici A nuclear fusion reactor, powered by the same process that powers the sun, could theoretically provide an almost limitless source of energy for future generations. The principle is simple: fusing ions of deuterium and tritium (two isotopes of hydrogen) produces a helium ion and a neutron. Since the sum of the masses of the products is lower than that of the reactants, energy is liberated following Einstein’s famous E=mc^2 equation. The only problem with nuclear fusion is that it is very hard to do on earth: to get fusion to work, you need temperatures of around 100 Million Kelvin, which no reactor wall material can withstand. Therefore, physicists have come up with the idea of using magnetic fields to confine all the hot material, which is in the plasma state at those temperatures [see box]. As if this were not complicated enough by itself, it turns out that plasmas are also quite unstable and needs to be actively controlled. For one, the plasma’s position in the magnetic field is inherently unstable, requiring constant feedback control to stay in place. Also, heating systems and fuelling systems need to be constantly adjusted to keep the plasma parameters in desired range.
This is where control engineers like myself come in. For a control engineer, it does not matter much whether the system you are trying to control is a mechanical, electrical or thermal system, the underlying mathematics and control theory is the same. To design controllers for any system, it is useful to have a controloriented model of the system we want to control. Physicists working on fusion know how to make complex models that can predict how the plasma behaves directly from the laws of physics, but are very time-consuming to simulate, and often not wellsuited for control. So, during my PhD at EPFL, Lausanne (2011), I worked with physicists who know all about the plasma to make a control-oriented model for a fusion reactor. Thanks to my engineering background, having studied in Aerospace Engineering (BSc. 2003) and Systems & Control (MSc, 2005) in Delft, I could make a model that captured what was necessary from the control point of view, without sacrificing the important dynamics of the process itself.
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Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
Tokamaks and Stellarators, two concepts for fusion In a hot fusion plasma, electrons and ions can move freely. Being charged particles, their motion can be influenced by magnetic fields. Therefore, magnetic ‘cages’ can be built to confine the plasma and keep it away from the (much colder) reactor wall. Two main options exist for these cages. The first is the so-called tokamak concept, which has an axisymmetric magnetic field. Another option is the stellarator, where the field is produced by complex 3D-shaped coils. Tokamaks have been the most promising candidate for fusion for the past few decades, but they are more unstable and require more control. Lately, thanks to experiments in the brand-new German Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, people are getting excited about stellarators again and we might see a ‘resurgence’ of this concept in the coming years.
reactors. Primarily on ASDEX-Upgrade, near Munich, Germany and TCV at EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland. These experimental reactors do not produce significant fusion energy, but are used to gain understanding on how the plasma behaves and to test control systems.
Cutaway view of the ITER tokamak. The coils are axisymmetric, so the plasma is shaped like a torus. Note the man on the left below for an impression of the size of the device (image: www.iter.org).
When I moved to Eindhoven as a PostDoc in the Maarten Steinbuch’s CST group (2012), I learned about the many advanced control methods that were being developed here for mechanical systems. It turned out that some of these methods could be transferred directly to fusion plasmas. For example Iterative Learning Control can be used to learn from previous data to automatically optimize the behaviour of the fusion reactor. Another example is data fusion. The same model-based techniques that are being used, for example, to merge camera and radar information to reconstruct the position of a vehicle, can be applied to estimate the temperature and electrical current in a fusion reactor. Most of the work we do starts in computer simulations, but I find it important that the techniques we develop are actually applied in practice. So, together with my group’s PhD students and PostDocs, we test our controllers on various experimental fusion
ITER - the world’s largest fusion experiment The ITER fusion reactor is the first designed to produce a positive energy gain. It is presently under construction in France, with more than 35 countries participating in this historic undertaking. If everything works as expected, 500MW of fusion power will be produced compared to 50 MW of power needed to heat the plasma to the required temperatures. ITER is a tokamak with a major radius of 6.2m with magnetic fields of 5.3T, generated by superconducting coils. Because of these coils, ITER will sit inside the world’s largest cryostat, with a diameter of 30m. Inside the torus, 800m3 of super-hot plasma will be heated using radio-waves, microwaves and particle injectors to the required 100million K required for fusion. First plasma experiments are planned for 2025 .
Cutaway view of the new German Wendelstein 7-X stellarator. Complex 3D coils generate the fields to maintain a stable plasma (image: IPP, Germany).
The goal for the coming years is to contribute to development of the control system for ITER (see box), a new, larger reactor that will for the first time produce more fusion energy than is required to heat the plasma. If everything goes as planned, controllers and models developed at TU Eindhoven will eventually be used in the control system of this gigantic reactor and will contribute to demonstrating fusion on earth for the first time! Ambitious young scientists and engineers from various fields are needed to make fusion energy a success. Master students can participate via internships, MSc projects or PhD positions. If you are interested and want to know more, feel free to contact me.
Me standing at the ITER construction site in 2016. The 60m tall assembly hall was already complete and construction is ongoing in the ‘tokamak pit’ behind me.
Er zijn veel dingen die het leven sterk kunnen veraangenamen.
Dit
kan
materieel zijn, maar ook kennis van technische, geestelijke, filosofische of sociale aspecten. Anders dan retorica dispuut Tau zal ik u geen kennis laten maken met de filosofie maar met technische zaken. Dit maal niet over motoren of autoÂ’s, maar over muziek weergave.
Patrick Ooms
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35
De constitutieborrels
op een rijtje
Het constitutieborrelseizoen is in volle gang! Daarom hebben wij voor jou alle data van de komende constitutieborrels op een rijtje gezet. Het Bestuur is in ieder geval aanwezig, kom je met ons mee een biertje drinken?
Lucid 5 september Cheops 7 september Japie 11 september W.S.V. Simon Stevin 14 september Protagoras 18 september Van der Waals 19 september Industria 3 oktober Thor 11 oktober Wervingsdagen 17 oktober FSE 23 oktober
Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
36
Company Visit
ZF Wind Power Antwerp
ZF Wind Power Antwerpen N.V is part of the ZF Group’s Industrial Technology business unit. On the 19th of June a group of Mechanical Engineering students got a good insight into mega-transmissions used in wind turbines. Aakash Amul The factory located in Lommel is the biggest among the wind power divisions. It is located in an industrial zone which is very close to the Dutch border. The tour started with a hot cup of coffee and followed by an introduction about the company, the business and future potential of wind energy from Mr. Ruud Bakermans, who is the plant head. The discussion was fully in English as the company is very internationally collaborated because of their global presence. We were divided into two groups of five and given safety shoes, they were given as precautionary measures but I don’t think they can handle tonnes of load on the foot. It was really exciting and interesting for me, as my Master’s Degree in Automotive is focused on transmissions/powertrains for vehicles. I was very excited to know about the transmission for wind turbines up to 8MW peak power, where it is focused on harnessing the maximum torque rather than speed. The tour started from the final stage of the production process, where the gearboxes were inspected and packed for shipment to different locations in Europe and around the world for custo-
mers like Vestas from Denmark. Then, we got to see the assembly division which included the painting, assembling and testing of the complete transmission unit in giant test rigs. In the Assembly, the transmissions are classified based on their peak power so the transmission with the highest peak power has three stages (gear trains) and reduces accordingly to the torque requirements. The multistage transmissions can be used in different torque ranges to make the operating range very wide.
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Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
The gears are usually heat treated and carburised for increasing their strength. The gears are heat treated more than 800 plus degrees using gas burner ovens. Then they are quenched in oil to relieve internal stresses and washed in huge washing machines with froth to clear the material dirt. There was also a lab within the company for chemical and mechanical applications which includes testing and calibration after each process.
The testing and validation department is responsible for testing, quality and rework. Huge testbeds capable of testing more than twice the maximum capacity of the turbines simulated extreme unimaginable situations which the transmissions should be able to endure. The entire flooring was so smooth with an epoxy and smoothened concrete coating .As the parts and transmissions are very heavy weighting in tonnes, the transportation within the factory building is done through manual and autonomous vehicles (AGVs) mostly using air cushions like an hovercraft. The inventory control was located in the middle of the factory between the manufacturing and assembly. There were huge multi-storeyed racks from which the autonomous and manually controlled robot arms picked up the right components needed. The next step in the tour was the manufacturing department, which is divided into many sectors for different parts and machining types. We could see different programmable CNCs for machining operations like hobbing drilling, milling, turning and knurling. Additionally there were machines for deburring, metal blasting and filling operations. All the machining operations were explained one by one according to their needs.
After the long company tour, we had some very interesting case study analyses. We were divided into teams and each team had to select a case study from three options ranging from manufacturing, quality and design. Our team consisting of three members selected the quality issue from manufacturing department, in which we had to find the root cause of a quality issue due to a particular machining operation, which had appeared all of a sudden from an unexpected source. We investigated this problem guided by the head of the small component manufacturing division within manufacturing dept. The case study analysis was very informative and gave us an insight into a real life scenario into industrial work environment. The company had already solved this issue using a similar method that it has already structured. The method of identifying the problem is from ZF’s automotive divisions. Other teams had case studies on vibration analysis in the gear box, to narrow down to the component causing the vibration using frequency analysis and a design challenge to make a design table which can be adjusted to different heights within a constrained limit for placing the gears. Finally, it was around 4:30 pm and we had some discussions with the heads of different departments like the design, manufacturing and process engineering. We got to know about their experience which gave us an idea of the industrial work atmosphere after our educational career. As technical university students we could realise that we might land up in different companies with a lot of diversity in applications but the base structure in approaching and handling things in an industrial environment is the same. Around 5:00 our transport brought us back to Eindhoven along with some knowledge we gained about wind turbines, transmissions and industrial environment in a German company in the Benelux region.
Wervingsdagen Dear future mechanical engineers, Today, a new world has been opened; a new chapter in your life: becoming a mechanical engineer. During your time as a mechanical engineering student, you will learn many interesting topics in engineering and also will get a great student life! Besides the theoretical lectures and the design-based learning projects a mechanical engineering student will endure, soft skills need to be developed. This is where Wervingsdagen comes into play. Wervingsdagen is a student initiative that organises three main events: the Skill Sessions, where students can develop all kind of soft skills; the Career Expo, where students can get to know what companies are interested in you; and the Interviewing Days, where job interviews are held for the nearly finished students. For a first year student, the Skills Sessions are an interesting event, where all kind of soft skills can be developed. How to become a skilled presenter, or how to use Adobe Photoshop, are just a grasp of all possibilities offered to TU/e students. The Skill Sessions will be held from December 11th until December 15th. Also all TU/e students are welcome at the Career Expo on the 6th and 7th of March. The Career Expo is a great way to get to know what companies are interested in you as a mechacnical engineer. Traditionally the Career Expo is opened by a famous person; last year Jamie Hyneman, known from Mythbusters, opened the event. We’d like you to come and visit our events, as it’s time to light up your future!
Kind regards, The 2018 Wervingsdagen Committee
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Subscribe via www.wervingsdagen.nl
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Course evaluations
Victor Tanke
Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
We as a study association do not only think about your career or organize fun activities for you so you can relax and enjoy your study time. Every day we also work on the education of the department mechanical engineering. At the end of every course you receive an invitation to fill in a course survey. This survey is then discussed with the responsible lecturer of the course together with our quality care employee. Together they discuss the feedback of the students and come to an improvement plan for next year. Lastly the survey, evaluation and improvement plan are presented to the quality care committee of which, being commissioner for education of Simon Stevin, I am a part of. There we conclude whether the improvement plan is good enough or if more measures should be taken. This complete cycle is the quality care cycle of the department mechanical engineering. As you can see the students form the beginning and most important part of this cycle, without your input the cycle never starts. The infographs summarize the overall score of the course and give you a quick impression. The feedback was provided by the students and reflects what stood out to them. The improvements indicate what the lecturers are going to do differently next year to improve the course. For any further comments or questions please contact us at onderwijs@simonstevin.tue.nl. This percentage represents This is the average score given This indicates the average the amount of students to the course by the responamount of hours spent that filled in the course dents. An upward pointing on the course by the evaluation relative to the arrow indicates an increase respondents of the course amount of students that compared to last year. Downevaluation. took the course. wards indicates a decrease. Green symbols indicate scores above the goal, yellow symbols indicate sufficient scores under the goal, red symbols indicate insufficient scores.
Supervisory control
Engineering optimization
Optimal control and dynamic programming
Feedback: • The teaching activities and the subjects of the lecturers were very much appreciated. • Students indicate they would like more insight in the tool mCRL2 that is used for this course and that it needs further development. • The approach to modeling offered in this course was appreciated by the students.
Feedback: • The lecturer, especially his explanations and enthusiasm, was appreciated by the students. They liked his lectures very much. • The structure of the lectures in which time slots to make exercises are incorporated, is received well. • The balancing of time spend on lecturing and making exercises could be improved.
Improvements: • Next year a different assignment will be chosen for this course. • A tool is under development to help students check the solutions to the assignments. • Course will be given in CANVAS next year and possibly online quizzes will be added to the practice material. • More in-depth explanation will be available in the reader for some subjects.
Improvement: • To slightly speed up in particular during the first couple of weeks, and revise/extend the course materials accordingly where appropriate.
Feedback: • Students found the assignments to be more difficult than expected. • The lecturer was very enthusiastic and helpful during the course. • Enough practice material was provided to be able to prepare well. • Examples on the blackboard were not always as well prepared as the rest of the lecture, which often had a negative effect on the structure of the lecture. Improvements: • Lecture Slides will be reviewed for next year to remove typos. • Examples on the blackboard will be prepared for next year and no more examples will be given if these are not prepared. • The lecturer will optimize the lecture notes.
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Jean-Pierre
The cargo moped that propels the association
Jean-Pierre used to be the most classy and easiest way to move heavy and big stuff of or for the association around on the campus and in Eindhoven. With the purchase of our van, Walter, Jean-Pierre lost its spotlight, unjustly in our eyes. Sjors van Adrichem & Ardin Corbijn van Willenswaard A troubled history‌ Jean-Pierre (often simply called J.P.) was presented to the W.S.V. Simon Stevin at General Members Meeting 52.1 by the 51st board. Since its introduction it has built a love-hate relationship with many of the board members who have attempted to tame this beauty: love because of the shear style and prominence when overtaking the cargo bikes of other associations with the crying two-stroke engine roaring; hate because of the questionable reliability and steep learning curve, which only adds to the love that the ReparaCie has for this magnificent piece of engineering. During the 56th board year, the first major improvement was made at the core of the machine; the engine built by Zßndapp was overhauled by a professional. Due to this maintenance J.P. was readily available for the following year. Unfortunately, the next major defect was already developing: the front breaking power was not evenly distributed between the left and right wheel. Disassembly of the drum brakes during the 59th board year revealed that the housing of one of the bearings had been completely demolished. This meant that just a single bearing remained to support the left wheel and as a result the breaking characteristics were terrible.
At the time of this setback general believe in the quality and added value of J.P. was getting questioned. Until then the responsibility for Jean-Pierre was with the board of the W.S.V., which had far too little time to return J.P. to running conditions. This was the reason for the founding of the ReparaCie, whose members saw it as their duty as Mechanical Engineers to preserve this cargo moped.
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Simon Ster 48.5 | August 2017
The main goal consisted of renewing the brake/suspension combination. Unfortunately, no documentation or type number of the parts was available. This finally led to the acquisition of two axles with drum brakes and torsion bar suspension taken from a trailer. The torsion bars were discarded after using them to align both drums when welding them in place. Following attachment of the wheels, tuning the brakes seemed to be the last hurdle to be taken before the moped was ready for practical use again. Ironically, just as the brakes were tuned, the shifter broke. Fortunately, a quick weld solved this problem. During the repairs on the brakes and axles a new headset was also produced to reduce the significant backlash in the old construction and thus improve stability. As with every true mechanical project it is never finished. Future work on Jean-Pierre includes: the front fenders, the engine turnoff button, headlights … Arriving at the Dommeltunneltje, the next hurdle becomes apparent: steering in such tight corners. Though very stable at the straights, cornering can be an unpleasant ordeal due to the steering mechanism employed: to operate the wheels, the driver is forced to swing the entire trunk sideways. Achieving the maximum steering angle means an average length male can barely reach either the clutch or the throttle, both of which are of significant value in a tight and slow corner…
∞ style We hardly think it is necessary to mention the amount of style such a magnificent machine has compared to the labor requiring, slow riding and boring cargo bikes employed by other associations. Just look at it! This is why the ReparaCie feels it is our Engineering duty to maintain such a brilliant vehicle and put it to use as frequent as possible.
Driving experience Like many older vehicles, J.P. has his do’s and don’ts making the driving experience unique and an art form in itself. Apart from the roaring sound of the two stroke engine and the blueish trail of smoke from the tailpipe, a few points of interest include the braking, shifting and steering. Like many older vehicles with drum brakes, it is crucial to anticipate in every situation due to the limited braking power from these brakes. In addition to its front brakes J.P. is equipped with a rear drum break operated by a foot pedal. The weight distribution, however, means that the rear brake is only of little added value and will only result in a skidding rear wheel when operated too enthusiastically. A feature which is most fun to practice on the grass of the PTH field. Another aspect requiring some practice is operating the three gears J.P. has. Even though the gears run smoothly finding the right one requires some ‘fingerspitzengefühl’, especially when shifting down before corners. But once located, the acceleration of the moped goes at a whopping 0.33 m/s2 until the top speed of 40 km/h is reached! (for future test: the loading consisted of two former commissioners of sand yachting, two jerry cans of fuels and some general junk always present in J.P.). To give some insight, reaching the top speed only required the distance from the Berenkuil to the Dommeltunneltje.
Specifications
Jean-Pierre
Engine
Built by Zündapp-werke München Type 267-032 Power output: 2.6 pk / 1.91kW Building year: 1965 Two stroke One cylinder Forced air cooling Engine displacement: 49.5 cc
Fuel
Two stroke mixture Six liter fuel tank
Seating
1+2
Loading capacity
H x W x L: 430 x 770 x 1570 mm
Suspension
Leaf springs
Weight
Enough
Top speed
40 km/h
Acceleration
0-30 km/h in 25s mean acceleration of 0.33 m/s2
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Sterrenhoekjes Geniet mee van deze volkomen uit hun verband gerukte uitspraken, verpraatsels en vertypsels. Mocht je er nog meer horen: aarzel niet en stuur de uitspraak en context op naar sterrenhoek@simonstevin.tue.nl! Esther: ‘Ik kan toch zelf betalen want ik heb Wouter gevonden!’ Jerome: ‘Ik heb deze hele week al opwarmmaaltijden gegeten, volgend jaar ga ik echt koken!’ Sebas: ‘Deze Bestuurscontainer is nog fragieler dan je oma’ Jeroen: ‘Je kent ons oma hè’ Kevin: ‘Ja, als je daar de stekker uit trekt is ze ook kapot’ Niki: ‘Pirate Toast: ham, kaas en tomaat. Huh, dat is toch gewoon Hawaii?’
Ainse: ‘Volgens mij krijgt Victor te weinig aandacht van z’n vriendin, hij zit weer met zijn blik te zoenen.’ Sifra: ‘Hoeveel geld gaan we hierin stoppen?’ Sjors: ‘Anderhalve CoBo!’ Bart: ‘Truien zijn chiller dan lingerie.’ Sjors schudt een fles cola, Wouter: ‘Oh, daar zat nog best wel veel zuurkool op’ Tim na een adtwedstrijd: ‘Adten is geen wedstrijd, het is 2017.’
Een aantal Bestuursleden wil naar huis op de VrijMiBo. Luuk: ‘Ik blijf wel hoor, ik kan toch niets.’ Jerome: ‘Als ik twee bier in mijn hand heb dan adt ik er één en is de andere voor mij.’
Kevin loopt de Simonkamer binnen met pannenkoeken van de Spar. Bas Straatman: ‘Eigenlijk zijn pannenkoeken ook een soort waterdichte liederenbundels. Alleen zijn ze niet waterdicht en staan er ook geen liedjes in, maar je kunt ze wel in het aquarium flikkeren!’
Chloé: ‘Ik ben degelijk.’
Contest This Simon Ster we’ve got a new contest. The prize we’re giving away is a real - like Swifty once said ‘De barbecue die is een Weber’ - Weber Bar-B-Kettle together with a barbecue toolkit! Do you want to upgrade your (new) student house with this cool BBQ? Don’t hesitate and find the answer to the contest below! If you’re not familiar yet with the quote above you should definitely watch this video: tiny.cc/swifty
Contest 48.5 The Editor in Chief has a message for the first year students, to make sure this special note is only read by these students he encrypted the message so only the great students of mechanical engineering can read it. The encrypted note is as follows: WIRSSGOIENESSNEOIRNCSGNYVISCNATEOMGOSSTICTHIFEIUITIAEUENACNRMHGTRLBYRHESOEIIEAEOCAETNMOOLTSUHNRUSOUNYETROIIDTSSSCYCLOCNIETAOOOHISAGEVPSINUOFILAS Before decrypting you should leave the hyphens out. Submit your answer in the Simonkamer (Gem-N 1.61) or send an e-mail to redactie@simonstevin.tue.nl with your name. The prize will be raffled from the correct submissions and we’ll publish the winners in the next Simon Ster. Answers submitted before the end of the introduction week will have twice as much chance to win so be quick!
Answer 48.4 In the last Simon Ster we’ve had the following contest: Since the Treasurer was put to the test by the Commissioner of External Affairs last contest, the Treasurer has a small but not so easy riddle for the Commissioner of External Affairs. The riddle is as follows: What is the following number in the sequence? 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 31, 37, ...
Solution The Commissioner of External Affairs put his great brain to work and after twelve hours of work he found the similarities between the numbers. All the numbers in the sequence are prime numbers but they aren’t normal prime numbers. If one changes the two digits of one number one gets a prime number as well. The next number in the sequence is 71 since 17 is a prime number too. There were a lot of submissions, after raffling the winner of the DeLonghi coffee machine and the coffee grinder is Ruben Sommer! He can pick up the prize at the Simonkamer.
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activities w.s.v. simon stevin september
october
1. company visit 2. dies e.w.d. hephaestus / activity with cosmos 3. lunch lecture / waterskiing / dancing lessons 4. opening academic year 5. 6. 7. 8. company visit / nx-course / dancing lessons 9. dancing lessons 10. lunchlecture / international course 11. freshmen bbq br brascursie 60 12. 13. gmm 60.7/61.1 14.constitution drink w.s.v. simon stevin 15. freshmen dinner / W-party 16. 17. lunch lecture / gmm 61.2 18. 19.after-intro drink information days TU/e 20.lunch lecture information days tu/e / land yachting weekend 21. land yachting weekend 22. etiquettedinner 23.simonkam simonkamp construction contest freshmen 24.simonkamp lunchlecture 25.committee info lunch 26.career event 27.lunch lecture / bicycle tour 28.committee info lunch 29. dies w.s.v. simon stevin 30.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.