Strategical Community Planning & Low Cost Housing Typologies

STRATEGICAL PLANNING FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT & LOW COST HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

Contents 1. Flooding 2. Floods may Result from, Develop, Cause 3. Kerala flood 4. The facts about Flood 5. Equal rights 6. Approach 7. Temporary Shelter 8. Temporary Shelter Strategy 9. Temporary Shelter Typology 10. People`s Participation 11. What does the Government and affected people achieve with this strategy?

12.

Typologies

12.1. Typology for Ecologically Weaker Section (EWS) 12.2 Typology for Lower Income Group (LIG) 12.3. Typology for Middle Income Group (MIG) 13. Budget 14. GFRG as Building Material.

15. STRENGTH and SAFENESS of GFRG structure 16. Why not water resistant houses?

17. Typology ideas in Highly water logging areas

Flooding

Flooding is a temporary overflow of water onto land that is normally dry. Floods are the most common natural disaster.

Floods may Result from

• Rain, snow, coastal storms, storm surges, and overflows of dams and other water systems

Develop

• Slowly or quickly – Flash floods can come with no warning

Cause

• Outages, disrupt transportation, damage buildings, and create landslides

KERALA FLOOD The recent flood in Kerala resulted in a huge loss of lives, many lost their homes, houses partially destructed, landslides occurred , many animals died, etc.. And the overall effect was devastating.

The facts about Flood

• It is fluid and it occupies the volume of the space.

• It cannot be prevented completely, and practically its effect only could be minimised.

Equal rights

International Human Rights Law recognizes everyone’s rights to an adequate standard of living including adequate housing.

It is the responsibility of government to support them for achieving their dream for being secured.

But the responsibility doesn't limit within the government, we people are also responsible for helping each other.

Approach • What we need is an immediate solution • The solution should work in an efficient manner

Approach

Shelter (Home)

Livelihood (Income, Food, Water)

• Both should be provided parallelly for survival and that is the core idea.

• We should know about the psychology of affected people and should be able to act or propose schemes accordingly .

• And the designed typology should promote social interaction with immediate neighbourhood(it helps in regaining the mental stability of affected person) • Typologies should be deigned without compromising the needs of present and also helps in accommodating the needs of future.

Temporary Shelter In case of a flash disaster, the government should be able to provide temporary shelters within hours. Such preparation should be ready with the government.

• This shelter should meet the basic need of human.

• Modules of temporary shelter could be transported and used whenever an emergency occurs.

• Affected people could use this shelter till their houses get reconstructed.

In the case of Kerala, we almost cope up this stage by opening up relief camps.

Temporary Shelter Strategy • Giving temporary shelter in government lands or other large lands that is unused (reserved areas) at present stage will give them more protected felling, and the responsibility of Government increases.

• Such protected feeling and realisation of their family being safe will tend people, mainly men population to work.

• Thereby the planners and architects gets time to check the present topography , its changes ,and coping up methods.

• Their earnings plus their early savings plus government aid and their subsidy schemes help the, rebuild their dreams.

Initial Saving

Their Earnings

Govt subsidy schemes

Govt livelihood schemes

Rebuilding Life

Temporary Shelter Typology

People`s Participation People themselves being part of constructing their new home.

• Aim for living.

• Minimises the labour cost.

• They will be trained in construction with local materials thus reducing the cost of construction.

• Expert guidance can be provided for people doing construction in various localities.

• The construction process will be fast as they the people themselves need to place themselves in safe and secured spaces.

• Government subsidy schemes and support increases their motivation.

What does the Government and affected people achieve with this strategy?

People

Government

•Hopes of survival •Fulfilling of a dream -their new home.

•Skill in labour.

•Learning low-cost housing strategy.

•Motivation to help others (family, relatives.

•Employment opportunities.

•Less complaints from people as they themselves have engaged in the activity.

•Beneficiary being involved in construction ,they ensure fast progress in construction.

•They could be able to full fill the immediate needs of people by providing with temporary shelters.

•People themselves being workers and no need to bring any sort of external inputs.

•Implementing a low cost construction strategy.

•Get enough time for taking actions while the affected are provided with temporary shelters.

•Government`s financial support for people could be minimised as the people themselves earns partly after being secured in government’s temporary shelters.

•This same temporary shelters could be used in case any sort of emergency situation like disasters.

Typologies

Why simple typologies ?

• • • •

To keep the cost lower It needs to get constructed faster People are being part of construction and they should be familiar with the same New way of construction styles will not be acceptable to people eg- Amphibious house

What people need in the current situation is to have readily occupiable houses.

Construction using local materials would help in reducing the cost of construction.

Permanent typology Ideas

• Low cost construction strategy.

• Introducing 3 different typologies for different category of people based on their income(EWS,LIG,MIG) • Bringing flexibility to the typologies, so that people themselves can alter and extend later on when they are financially stable.

• High plinth provision in permanently water logging areas like Kuttanad, Konni(wet proofing method)

Typology for Ecologically Weaker Section (EWS)

Typology for Ecologically Weaker Section (EWS)

Typology for Lower Income Group (LIG)

Typology for Middle Income Group (MIG)

Typology for Middle Income Group (MIG)

Budget Approximate budgets for

26.5 sqm (285.24 sq ft)

-

345000 rs

47.5 sqm (511.28 sq ft)

-

600000 rs

187 sqm (2012.85 sq ft)

-

24,20000 rs

Average rate 1200 rs per sq. feet

GFRG as Building Material • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Light weight Load bearing Environment friendly Good sound attenuation Water resistant Termite resistant Rot resistant Earthquake resistant Fire resistant Flexible in all aspects of home plan designs Reduce construction cost Reduce construction time Reducing structural weight

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

More utilisation of space.

Reduces hassles of construction with less materials Savings in the transportation cost of sand , cement etc.

Less no. of workers are required Less overhead cost & less project time No problem of disposal of wastes Eco-friendly(100% recyclable) High thermal efficiency Less recurring cost for cooling & heating Less maintenance cost etc.

Ease in construction Column less construction up 2 floors The lowest energy embodied building product

STRENGTH and SAFENESS of GFRG Structure

Why not water resistant houses?

• These houses are low cost and only for safe living purpose.

• A water resistant houses cant be constructed in a low cost level with consideration of people`s interest.

• New way of construction may not be encouraged by people in Kerala.

• And even if built as water resistant like an amphibious house, there will be always a question of anxiety and lack of security feeling since its not tried in Kerala.

• Level of flood rise could not be predicted and there is no point in constructing such houses.

Typology ideas in Highly water logging areas • Constructing house in permeant stilts.

• Construction of amphibious houses.

• Giving high plinth like old traditional houses and basement portion could be used for storage too.

House on stilts

• Can reduce the effect by  Wet proofing  Dry proofing ( more costly) • Houses are elevated and by using temporary steel support I beams and jack and foundation height is increased to resist flood ( for houses prone to flood ).

House elevated with use of I beams and jack

Amphibious house

High plinth house

Wet proofing method

Innovative construction using flood deposits Flood deposit samples were collected from Periyar river bank ,which contains following properties: • Percent of clay size particle

=

66%

• Percent of silt size particle

=

34%

• Highly compressible clay.

• High plastic clay.

• Soil itself categorised in the medium strength category as specified in IS standards (IS specification).

• It can still be used for making construction blocks with proper stabilising agent.

• Locally available coir and jute fibre would be best option as stabilising agent.

• The soil itself has got unconfined compressive strength of 0.632 kg/cm2 (IS 2720 PART 10).

• And shear strength of 0.316 kg/cm2.

• These values satisfies to accept as a material for making construction blocks with proper stabilising agent.

Will flood occur again ? And that still remains a question mark !!!!!!!

But, however The flood cannot be resisted its effect only could be minimised.

The ultimate power to resist any disaster is with the God himself

Thank you