'Urban Design guidelines along the Bangalore- International Airport corridor...'

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INTRODUCTION Bangalore, being the capital of Karnataka and a cosmopolitan city has been making strides in the fields of information, technology, aerospace, education etc. It has the distinction of being one of the fastest growing cities in the world. While concentration of such socio-economic activities within the Bangalore urban district has been continuing to attract significant immigrants into the region, the Government of Karnataka has felt the absence of an international standard airport, which forms the national and international gateway for traffic to Bangalore. Therefore, to bridge this gap and to meet the requirements of the anticipated growth in air traffic, a site near Devanahalli on NH-7 has been selected which is at a distance of 40km from Bangalore city center for constructing a new International Airport.

Fig-1 Bangalore Metropolitan region.

Source- Bangalore Metropolitan regional Development Authority..

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The corridor connecting Hebbal to Devanahalli comprises of various urban conditions which are highly transforming zones,a historic pricinct,the village agglomerations and ecologically sensitive zones.

The present trends of developments indicates a generic built typology which is often the characteristics of corridors connecting metrocities to theInternational Airports.The process degenerates the Imageability of the area thus getting charecterised by huge glass boxes.

Fig-2 Showing the Building development trend as on 2007

Source- Author This thesis is an attempt to understand the Airport corridor at its various dimensions and come up wth a design strategy. Which explores tests the strength of the local context in evolving legible corridor to the city of Bangalore from the International Airport.

The thesis has also tried to demonstrate the strategies adopted.

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2.Objective : Objecive of the project is to propose the design guidelines to evolve a legible & sustainable development along the Bangalore -International Airport Corridor.

3.Background : The Ministry of Civil Aviation of the Government of India had in the year 1994, approved the proposal submitted by the State Government of Karnataka to establish a new world class and modern International Airport for its capital city of Bangalore by private sector.

4.Need for the study : The rapid changes in the types of function,accomodated in buildings has resulted in programme less spaces or generic building typology.

This can serve the link to its local context and hence a lost legibility.

This thesis attempts to address this issue in the making of a corridor at its city level at the same time responding to the local imageability.

5.Scope and limitations : The methodology of this study can be adopted for fast transforming corridors in other Metropolitan cities. However the design strategies proposed are extremely tune to the local given situations.

6. Hypothesis : The corridors connecting International Airports to the metropolitan cities, located in its outskirts, have always generated generic built form irrespective of its local characterstics. This can severe the imageability the corridor to the local context.

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7.METHODOLOGY : 7.1 Defining the corridor : Bangalore - International Airport Corridor is the one which connects Bangalore International Airport to the city at the Outer Ring Road..

7.1.1.Location Bangalore is the capital of Karnataka situated at the south of India Fig- 3 Showing the Location of Bangalore in India.

South India Region.

Bangalore.

Karnataka Source- Author

This lane will have dedicated bus lanes which makes the spine very busy Also, a super fast railway connection is also being planned to link the airport and the city of Bangalore. The potential for fast transformation along this spine between Hebbal and the new Bangalore International Airport will be more than any other corridors of development in the city over the next few years. Hence the same is selected for study in this project.

LEGEND Railway line

Fig-4-Showing the location of Bangalore-International Airport Corridor.

Source-BMRDA 5

7.1.2. Study area The airport has been constructed near Devanahalli about 40 kilometers from the city of Bangalore. The Bangalore International Airport is along the National Highway No.7. The length of the highway (about 23 kilometers) from the Hebbal junction on the Outer Ring Road up to the new Airport is the corridor selected for the present study. A depth 750 meters on either side of To Hyderabad the National Highway no7.

Fig- 5 Showing the Identified study area connecting Bangalore International Airport and Hebbal Junction at Outer Ring Road

To Sadahalli

To Doddajala

To Vidyanagar

B.I.I.A.PA/B.D.A Boundary

To Bagalur To Chikka gubbi

To Doddaballaapura

To Kogilu

Proposed Peripheral ring road

To Jakkuru.

To Hosur.

To Tumkur.

LEGEND Bangalore - International Airport corridor.

To Amruth halli.

To Bytaranapura..

Outer Ring Road Bangalore International airport.

To Bangalore city To K.R.Puram.

To Bangalore city.

0KM

1.0 KM

Depth of the corridor

2.0 KM

Source- Author, as per the physical survey done during 2007.

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7.2 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS : 7.2.1.Preliminary data collection.

Definition & role of B.I.A.A.P.A / B.D.A. Bangalore-International Airport corridor comes under two planning authorities.

Bangalore Development Authority (B.D.A) & Bangalore International Airport Area Planning Authority.

Approximately around 14 km of the corridor comes under B.D.A and 9 km to B.I.I.A.P.A.

B.D.A

Fig-6– Showing corridor & planning authorities.

Source-BMRDA

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7.2.2. Mapping and analysis at the macro level – the corridor and speculative trend.

7.2.2.1. The Natural Setting Drainage pattern at macro level illustrates three prominent water shed cutting across the area of reference.

Fig-7 Showing the drainage pattern and the water network in the entire Bangalore metropolitan region The corridor cuts across the three identified water shed zones

ARKAVATHY VALLEY

Inference

VRISHBAVATHI RIVER

NAGARBHAVI RIVER

LEGEND Watershed.

5 KM

Hallas.

Valley.

0 KM

20 KM

Rocks/hills.

River.

N

The city level water shed zones

0 KM

5 KM

20 KM

LEGEND Ist order watershed.Watershed.

IInd order watershed.

IIIrd order water shed.

Source- Author, as per the analysis derived from physical survey and maps from Bangalore Water Supply Sewage Board during 2007.

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Fig- 8 Showing the opportunities, concerns and potential for developments.

Node-3

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Oppurtunities to develop as it is an untouched green area Haphazard development arround the Haphazard development along waterbodies. the water bodies Development in a planned Development in a polished manner. manner.

Oppurtunities to develop as its untouched surroundings 2

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Identified zones of concern

Watershed zones cutting the corridor 0KM

1.0 KM

2.0 KM

Source- Author, as per the physical survey done during 2007.

The corridor cutting across three identified watershed zones.

Shows the development in a planned manner.

Identified zones of concern.

Undisturbed green area

Development around the lake.This shows Lost relationship of the water and the built

Unused canals/hallas.

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7.2.2.2 Land use study Fig-9 Showing the current Land use(2005) and Proposed land use(2015) maps

Corridor comes under two planning authorities the BDA and the BIAAPA Mutation Corridor status encourages amalgamation of plots.

Large scale land conversion from agriculture to commercial use

B.I.I.A.PA / B.D.A Boundary.

Lakes Green open space.

Unclassified zone Purely residential zone Hi Tech zone

Mushroom development of gated communities

Public semi public Industrial Jakkur aerodrum.

Transforming zone Agroland International Airport.

Commercial area Rocky feature 0KM

1.0 KM

Large institutions occupying the corridor

Medium mixed zone

B.I.I.A.PA / B.D.A Boundary.

Lakes Green open space.

Unclassified zone Purely residential zone

High density housing

Hi Tech zone Public semi public Industrial Jakkur aerodrum.

Transforming zone Agroland International Airport.

Logistics area Commercial area Rocky feature Mutation corridor.

Source- Author from the physical survey and land use maps from Bangalore Development Authority 2007

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7.2.2.2 Land use study Fig- 10 Showing the Inference

B.I.I.A.PA / B.D.A Boundary.

Pocket frozen to developments.

Pocket frozen to (due to huge defense areas)

developm ent.(Due

Zone of high commercial Zone of high/mixed com land m ecial/m ixed use.

H igh density housing.

High density housing.

Changing green space..green Changing

0KM

1.0 KM

space.

2.0 KM

Interpretation of landuse study to identify area of concern.

Source- Author from the physical survey done during 2007.

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lan

7.2.2.3. Street Hierarchy.

Streets of various hierarchies interest this primary corridor at various points.

The corridor joins the outer ring road of Bangalore city at Hebbal.

The outer ring road provides access to the other parts of the city.

NH-7-Going towards Hyderabad

Outer Ring Road at Hebbala

NH-7 at Hyderabad

Towards North, beyond the Bangalore International Airport the National Highway No.7 links major cities like Hyderabad by road.

On the way to the airport from Hebbal, the State Highway leading to Doddaballapur touches the corridor at Yelhanka.

Doddaballapura Road

Yelahanka main Road.

Source- Author from the physical survey done during 2007.

The proposed Peripheral Ring Road will also join the corridor near Yelhanka. Apart from these secondary roads many tertiary roads provide links to several nearby villages along the corridor.

Developmental activies along the corridor is taken care .

The rest of the street network is of major concern.

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7.2.2.3. Street Heirarchy To Hyderabad

Fig-11

To Sadahalli

To Doddajala

To Vidyanagar

B.I.I.A.PA/B.D.A Boundary

Inference

To Bagalur To Chikka gubbi

To Doddaballaaaput

To Proposed Peripheral ring road LEGEND To Jakkuru.

To Vidyanagar

Primary Road Secondary Road.

To Hosur.

B.I.I.A.PA/B.D.A Boundary

Tertiary Road.

To Tumkur.

Local street Railway line

Doddaballaaaput

To Proposed peripheral ring

To Vidyanagar

To Bangalore city

To K.R.Puram.

To Vidyanagar To railway station

0KM

To Bangalore city.

1.0 KM

LEGEND Nodes of concern Nodes already addressed Nodes already in this respect. addressed.

Nodes of concern.

2.0 KM

To Tumkur

To railway station

Source- Author from the physical survey done during 2007.

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7.2.2.4, Traffic and Transportation.

To Hyderabad

Inference Apart from the above mentioned elaborate road network, this corridor also has existing rail network as well as the proposed super fast rail link to the Airport from Bangalore city.

Multi mode transportation system is essential along this corridor. Hence, an integrated transport system has to be planned to meet the demands.

Fig- 12

To Proposed Peripheral ring road

Doddaballaaaput

LEGEND

To Hosur.

To Tumkur.

MProposed e t r oMetro .

Rail R oad s.

Road RRailway a ilwlinea y s .

To Bangalore city To Bangalore city.

0KM

To K.R.Puram.

1.0 KM

2.0 KM

B.I.I.A.PA/B.D.A Boundary

To Doddaballaaaput

To Proposed Peripheral ring road

To Hosur.

To Tumkur.

Source- Author from the physical survey done during 2007.

To Bangalore city To Bangalore city.

0KM

LEGEND LEGEND R a ilw a y s ta t io n .

Existing railway station at Yelahanka P r o p o s e d mmetro e t r o S ta tio n.

Prorosed station..

B u s s to p s .

BMTC bus stops

To K.R.Puram.

1.0 KM

2.0 KM

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7.2.2.5.Historicity.

•Yelhanka is one of the oldest towns iKarnataka and is it believed that it has a history of more than 500 years.

•As late as the fifteenth century, when Devanahalli, Doddaballapur, Hoskote and Yelhanka were formed, the original setlers had cleared the surrounding forests and started cultivation.

•Jayagowda (AD 1418 – 1435) acquired the title of “Yelhanka Nadu” meaning “the Lord of Yelhanka” from the Vijayanagar kings. He ruled for 15 years and was succeeded by his son Gidde Gowda.Kempe Gowda (AD 1443 – 1453) son ofGidde Gowda was the most distinguished of the line who succeeded and acquired the favour of Vijayanagar Kings. As a reward, he got Yelhanka from Vijayanagar Kings.

Fig- 13

In 1749, Hyder Ali of Mysore laid siege to Devanahalli, Yelhanka and other places . Tipu Sultan succeeded his father Hyder Ali to the throne of Mysore.

In 1791, the Btitish captured from Tipu Sultan, Bangalore and all other surrounding places.

In 1970, the Yelhanka New town was set up by the Karnataka HousinGBoard, with a view to create a satellite town on the outskirts of Bangalore city

Source- Author from the physical survey done during 2007.

0KM

1.0 KM

2.0 KM

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7.2.2.5.Historicity •.

• • • • • •

Jaya gouda (circa1420) KempenANanjeGowda(circa1510-1570) Giddegowda(1570-1585) Kempegowda II(circa1585-1633) KempegowdaIII(circa1633-1678) Doddavirappa(Circa1633-1678.)

Kempavirappa(Circa1710-1728)-

Fig- 14 Showing the evolution of Yelahanka over a period of time from 16th century.

Fig- 13

0M

100 M

0M

16h Century

Late

16th

100 M

Century.

0M

17 th Century.

100 M

Yelahanka new town.

0M

18th

100 M

Century.

Late 18th Century.

0M

100 M

Source- Author’s intrepretation from the Bangalore Darshana & Gazeteer.

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7.2.2.6 The Villages Around There are about twenty one villages in and around the corridor under reference.

Originally, these villages had a agro-based socio-economic base along with cattle rearing trading. Many of these have completely transformed due to large scale urbanization and growth of city of Bangalore.

Fig- 15

Kannamangala

Udayagiri Yertaganahalli

Settigerahalli Akkelanahalli Meenakunte Doddajala Kodige halli

Chikkajala Bilmaranahalli

Hunesemaranahalli

B.I.I.A.PA / B.D.A BONDARY

Vaderapura Venkatala

Yelahanka Shivanahalli Allalasdandra

Jakkuru

Byatarayanapura

Amruthahalli

Hebbala 0KM

1.0 KM

2.0 KM

Source- Author’s interpretation from the Land revenue and survey maps collected for all these villages.

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7.2.2.6 The Villages Around Inference Fig- 16

B.I.I.A.PA / B.D.A BONDARY

LEGEND Completely Transformed.

Occupation is changing but not the built.

Minor transformation.

0KM

1.0 KM

2.0 KM

Source- Author’s interpretation from the Land revenue and survey maps collected for all these villages Identified gradation of village transformation.

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• • •

•

7.2.2.7 High Transformation Zone.

The mutation corridor status proposed by the Bangalore Development Authority (B.D.A) in the Master Plan 2015 encourages amalgamation of plots and high rise status. Since the property abutting the road gets this status provided the entry and exit are from this road only.

Fig-17

Generic nature of the built fabric, which is the trend

High rise, hi density structure are the common developments. Housing/ gated communities will be in demand

IT,Corporate offices are springing up as t he corridor connects to the International Airport.

Source- Author’s interpretation from the Land revenue and survey maps collected for all these Zone of high transformation villages 0KM

1.0 KM

2.0 KM

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Agglomeration.

Environment

7.3 Issues , concern and opportunity.

Fig-19 The disappearing lakes and canal and thus deteriorating the watershed.

Lost meaning/relationship opf built to water.

Village are gently engulfed in the process of development, The changing socio-economic pattern of the villagers and hence their displacement

Opportunity •Existing water shed can be conserved with an emphasis in enviornmental issues. •Possibility to sustain the village as local generators of growth. •Opportunity to address history of Bangalore.

Legend Concern.

Historical precinct

The changing quality of built in terms of scale, built to water relationship,reducing itself to a memory.

Opportunity.

Transforming zone.

Generic quality or type of built is the general trend happening along the corridor.

Amalgamation allows hirise/lrger grain built fabric Quality of public realm is degrading.

Source- Author Identification of Issues / concern and opportunities.

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IDENTIFICATION OF ZONES Fig-20

Source- Author from the physical survey done during 2007.

Zone1-Transforming zone Zone-2-Historic Pricinct Zone-3-Agglomeration of Villages.

Zone-4-Environmentaly Sensitive Zone.

7.4 DETAILED ANALYSIS 7.4.1 Analysis of Zone-1 (Transforming Zone).

Proposed Mutation corridor status encourages amalgamation of of plots.Large scale land c onversion from agriculture to commercial/residential I s taking place.

Fig-21

To Devana halli

0KM

1.0 KM

2.0 KM

KEY PLANZONE-1

gated communities are increasing as t he demand for it also raising.

Large institutions occupying the corridor (photos) To Bangalore city

E xisting Land use High density housing (photos)

Built Vs Open

Source- Author

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7.4.1.1 Morphological Dimensions.

Fig- 22

Section along B-B1

Section along C-C1

In the year 1998

In the year 2008

Source- Author In the year 2018 (Speculated growth as per B.D.A Master plan 2015) 22

7.4.2 Analysis of Zone-1I (Historic Pricinct.)).

Fig- 23

Existing Land use

Proposed Land use

Hi –dense medium rise(G+2)built fabric I s the gneral trend of old Yelahanka town..

Very define street edge condition with contigous blocks.

Old Temples like Kote Venkateshwara temple, Kote Anjaneya temple, pete Anjaneya temple and Nagareshwara temples are built in 16th – 17 th century AD. Conserving the temple ,and the public realm of the old city in terms of its street characters, And built fabric.

Built Vs Open

Source- Author

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7.4.2 Analysis of Zone-1I (Historic Pricinct.)).

Fig- 24

Major Road

Secondary Road

Tertiary Road 0M

100 M

500M

200 M

Yelahanka ammani Kere.

Yelahanka ammani Kere.

Yelahanka ammani Kere.

Yelahanka ammani Kere.

Yelahanka ammani Kere.

Citadel

Citadel Pete

Citadel

Pete Pete Yelahanka Town

Yelahanka new Satellite town.

15th Century.

16th Century.

17th Century.

18th Century.

Late 18th Century.

Historical Temples

Source- Author •Yelhanka is one of the oldest towns iKarnataka and is it believed that it has a history of more than 500 years.

•As late as the fifteenth century, when Devanahalli, Doddaballapur, Hoskote and Yelhanka were formed, the original setlers had cleared the surrounding forests and started cultivation.

•Jayagowda (AD 1418 – 1435) acquired the title of “Yelhanka Nadu” meaning “the Lord of Yelhanka” from the Vijayanagar kings. He ruled for 15 years and was succeeded by his son Gidde Gowda.Kempe Gowda (AD 1443 – 1453) son ofGidde Gowda was the most distinguished of the line who succeeded and acquired the favour of Vijayanagar Kings. As a reward, he got Yelhanka from Vijayanagar Kings.

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7.4.2 Analysis of Zone-1I (Historic Pricinct.)).

.

•

In 1749, Hyder Ali of Mysore laid siege to Devanahalli, Yelhanka and other places Tipu Sultan succeeded his father Hyder Ali to the throne of Mysore.

In 1791, the Btitish captured from Tipu Sultan, Bangalore and all other surrounding places.

In 1970, the Yelhanka New town was set up by the Karnataka HousinGBoard, with a view to create a satellite town on the outskirts of Bangalore city Inference Yelahanka’s history as one of the oldest city in Karnataka .

Old Temples like Kote Venkateshwara temple, Kote Anjaneya temple, pete Anjaneya temple and Nagareshwara temples are built in 16th – 17 th century AD. Conserving the temple ,and the public realm of the old city in terms of its street characters, And built fabric.

The kere has lost its identity as a community water source.It remains as a backyard element

Possibility to revive it as an underground water recharge system is appreciable.

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7.4.2 Analysis of Zone-1I (Historic Pricinct.)).

Hi-dense medium rise (G+2) built fabric.Very define s treet edge condition with contiguous blocks.

Fig-25 It has a fine grain urban fabric, But abruptly meeting the corridor with hirise buildings.

Source- Author

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7.4.3Analysis of Zone-1II(Adjoining Villages).

The rural setting is very different in its built/open r elationship,,scale ,etc.. To the affliated (connected) to that of the main corridor.

It will be an opportunity to conserve this setting and also Allow it to grow in this context of the corridor.m Fig- 26

0KM

1.0 KM

2.0 K M

The villages are getting engulfed In the process of Development.

They are predominantly with large open soaces with respect to my house.

Source- Author

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7.4.4.Analysis of Zone-IV(Environmentaly sensitive zone)).

Fig- 27

0 Km To Bangalore city.

500 Km

B.D.A/B.I.I.A.P.A Boundary.

Source- Author Water harvesting should be made compulsary to all the house.Water harvesting should be done effectively sothat it will recharge the underground watertable and also connected back to larger network Land use conversion from green to residential should be avoided in order conserve the watershed zone as it is one of the 3 valleys which cut across the Airport corridor.

Crops like Ragi should be made compulsary as it consume less water and also prevents soil erosion.Plantations like Honge trees should be encouraged so that it recharges underground table and it consumes less water .This also have Added economical value.

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7.4.4Analysis of Zone-1II(Environmentaly sensitive zone).

Fig- 28 900 m

900m

910m

920m 920mm 940 m

920m

940 m

910m

920m

To Bangalore city.

B.D.A/B.I.I.A.P.A Boundary.

0 Km

500 Km

Source- Author Average slope ranges from 940-900m.This Zone largely forms the valley between two rocky features.Water is been extracted highly in this area for agricultural purposees commonly seen vegetation is eucalyptus and firewood which drains the underground water table.

Source- BMRDAr

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8.CASE STUDY- Hyderabad International Airport 8.1.Introduction

8.2.Location

Fig-29

Soth India Region

Hyderabad is in the geographic centre of India and is within a two hours flying time to all the major cities in India."

Source- Google Maps.

3030

Hyderabad International Airport is located in Shamshabad, 20km to the southwest of Hyderabad."

Source- Hyderabad Urban Development Authority.

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8.3.Linkages Fig-30

The final capacity of the airport will be over 50 million passengers a year and one million tonnes of cargo.

8.4 Draft Master Plan for Hyderabad Urban Development Authority. HUDA

AGRICULTURAL LAND LOGISTICS COMMERCIAL MIXED LAND USE

Source- HUDA Website.

Inference •NH-7 which connects Bangalore to Hydera bad is under similar kind of developments pressure along the road

HYDERABAD INT.AIRPORT

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8.5.Speculative trend of development

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8.6.Conclusion.

Generic type of developments are happening along the road, with lots of high rise structures and glass buildings. This does not create any strong image or character to the spine. And create a chaotic pedestrian and vehicular density on the road.

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9. Design Proposal

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