LTU Library Magazine

Vol. 1/Issue 1 August 2020

A New World

LTU Library Magazine History of Pandemics

The ―F‖ Word

World post-COVID

Off the Rack

Mask Fashion

Amy Asks—Quiz

The Plague Doctor

Snapshot

Dr. John Snow

Learning for Life

& More

Table Of Contents

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COVID—19 A New World

PRE – COVID History of Epidemics/Pandemics Miaozigou and Hamin Mangha,

ist

charts

demonstrates

that

archealogistical sites in prehistor-

plagues, epidemics and pandem-

ic China that suggest epidemics

ics are not new. The Antonine

existed about 3000 B.C. Death

Plague (27 B.C. – A.D. 180) is be-

tolls are impossible to calculate

lieved to have been smallpox

from this period.

brought home by Roman soldiers.

It is estimated that 5 million peo-

But looking at the Visual Capital-

ple died during this period.

In Philadelphia 1793 yellow fever From A.D. 541-542 the Plague of

sent the wealthy scurrying to the

Justinian rained death in the form

countryside.

of bubonic plague on the Byzan-

noted, ―It is called a yellow fever,

tine

estimates

but is like nothing known or read

suggest that up to 10% of the

ofb y the Physicians‖ Social dis-

world’s

population

tancing and the wearing of masks

died.‖ (LiveScience) As the chart

began to be practised. history.com/

shows that was 30-50 million peo-

news/yellow-fever-outbreak-

ple. But worse was to come.

Philadelphia

Empire.

―Some

The Black Death (1347 – 1351) as the bubonic plague was known dwarfed the previous epidemics.

Covering Asia and Europe it is estimated, ―that it wiped out over half

of

Europe’s

population‖.

(LiveScience) The decimation of people had profound economic consequences and hastened serfdom.

Jefferson

In 1855 bubonic plague, what is known as the Third Plague, started in Yunnan, China then spread to all inhabited continents and ultimately lead to 12 million deaths worldwide.(wikipedia) Then sixty-five years later the world was hit with the Spanish Flu. It raged for a year and killed 40 50 million people.

The discovery of the New World open doors for further spread of disease brought by European explorers. It is estimated ―that 90% of the indigenous population in the

Thomas

Western

Hemisphere

killed off.‖ (LiveScience)

was

The next biggest scourge ws HIV/ AIDS that to date has taken the lives of 25 -35 million people.

The world has experienced smaller epidemics and pandemics but nothing on the massive order of

Courtesy of Visual Capitalist

Courtesy of Visual Capitalist

some

of

the

historical

ones.

have contained diseases from kill-

Greater knowledge of the germ

ing on the massive scales of the

theory,

past.

preventative

measures

COVID-19 TODAY What We Know A comprehensive timeline of the coronavirus pandemic at 6 months, from China's first case to the present —Business Insider How it spreads It is thought to spread mainly from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. Spread is more likely when people are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet). It may be possible that a person can get COVID-19 by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes. This is not thought to be the main way the virus spreads, but we are still learning more about this virus.

The virus that causes COVID-19 is spreading very easily and sustainably between people. Information from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic suggests that this virus is spreading more efficiently than influenza, but not as efficiently as measles, which is highly contagious.

Incubation Period The incubation period for COVID-19 is thought to extend to 14 days, with a median time of 4-5 days from exposure to symptoms onset.

One study reported that 97.5% of persons with COVID-19 who develop symptoms will do so within 11.5 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Who is most at risk?

People of all ages can be infected by the new coronavirus (2019nCoV). Older people, and people with pre-existing medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease) appear to be more vulnerable to becoming severely ill with the virus.

WHO advises people of all ages to take steps to protect themselves from the virus, for example by following good hand hygiene and good respiratory hygiene.

Vaccine status

There is currently no vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus.

How to protect yourself 

Wash your hands often



Avoid close contact



Cover your mouth and nose



Cover coughs and sneezes



Clean and disinfect



Monitor your health daily

Information from the CDC https://tinyurl.com/qqwfac5

Info on Book Club Invitation to Join

LIFE AFTER COVID-19 “It will be much faster paced” James Manyika, Chairman and Director McKinsey Global Institute

To read entire article go to: https://tinyurl.com/

y9dkgsll

“post-coronavirus world will be built on what we say and do now” Javier Solana President, ESADEgeo - Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics To read entire article go to: https://

tinyurl.com/ybtyzb2o

Look for “AI-Enabled Drug Development” Bernard Marr Author, Keynote Speaker, Futurist and Strategic Business and Technology advisor To read entire article go to: https://tinyurl.com/

y8nrvdtt

“We will never go back to the same office-focused model again.”

Suzanne Lucas Recognized as one of the top influencers in Human Resources To read entire article go to: https://tinyurl.com/y998rdn7

“things that might never happen at weddings again”

Talia Lakritz Senior Writer, Insider

To read entire article go to:

https://tinyurl.com/y79rlaf7

“Global travel will have fully resumed.”

Rich Karlgaard American journalist, author, award-winning entrepreneur and speaker

To read entire article go to: https://tinyurl.com/ ycdwh4yh

Find these articles and more at the LTU Library: https://tinyurl.com/yce43xvx 

After Covid Chemistry & Industry Magzine



After Corbyn, After Covid by Gary Younge



When Will Big Concerts Finally Return After Covid (Think 2021) Neil Shah



5 Consumer Trends that will Endure after Covid-19 by Adrianne Pasquarelli



Medicine: Before COVID and after by M. McCartney



Business after COIVD Gifts & Decorative Accessories



The Day after COVID by Grossman (Amer. Journ.

Emergency Med)



Safety First after COVID by Mal Rogers



Creating Closeness after COVID by Will Thorne VIDEOS

The Plague Doctor Costume: Example of Medieval Stupidity or Early Modern Smarts ~ Adrienne Aluzzo Recently due to the COVID-19 pandemic, I’ve seen a number of stories and jokes about the oddlooking costume that plague doctors wore back in the day. These costumes have been described as medieval quackery designed to scare the virus out of your body and with the hooded mask and bird beak nose imagine how you might have felt when such a presence showed up at your hovel! The history of the costume, as with many things, is so much richer than the tale.

It’s not Medieval First of all, the doctor costume was not created until about 1619 (by most standards, considered the early modern age) by a French physician named Charles de Lorme (1584-1678). Earlier doctors probably did have some type of covering before de Lorme’s day but they certainly didn’t have the beak-like face mask that gets so many laughs today.

Deutches Historisches Museum 1650-1750

Modern people consider the outfit a sure sign of the stupidity and superstition of Medieval times.

Rationale behind the costume At the time de Lorme developed the costume, it was widely accepted in the scientific community that diseases were caused by bad air or miasmata. It was believed that miasmata was caused by decaying organic matter and that improved hygiene and sanitation practices could mitigate it’s spread. We know now that this theory is

not correct but we can’t blame them for what they concluded when they observed the crowded, filthy conditions that seemed to breed disease. The idea behind the early plague suit is much the same as the idea that created the hazmat suit currently used today and that was to protect as much of the body from outside dangers.

The suit The plague doctor costume consisted of boots, leggings, an overcoat, gloves and the notorious hood complete with a beak-like nose piece, ½ a foot long and spectacles over the eyes. The large leather coat was covered with a protective sealant like wax. It is said that the protective goggles were useful when applying leeches to suppurating sores. Doctors also carried a wooden cane or plague stick so that he wouldn’t have to get too close to the patient requiring treatment (early social distancing). The most frightening part of the costume, the long beak nose, was actually filled with a concoction of herbs, opium, desiccated snake, honey and ground mummies (up to 60 ingredients), commonly called, ―Venetian Treacle.‖

Deutches Historisches Museum 1650-1750

These ingredients were thought to minimize the virulence of the disease. Not for nothing but Charles de Lorme the inventor of the costume lived into his nineties! The suit was mainly worn by doctors in France and Italy and later the scary head piece and black floppy hat became popular costumes during the Venice Carnival.

Copyright: Adrienne Aluzzo

Sources: Websites: Sources: Websites: Ancient Origins Tales of Times Forgotten Mental Floss National Geographic ―The Plague Doctor of Venice,‖ from History in Medicine, by Christian J. Mussap, 2019.

Copyright: Adrienne Aluzzo

Face Mask Fashion

Then

Face Mask Fashion

Now

DIA Collecion of Face Masks https://diashop.org/face-masks/

SNAPSHOTS

Dr. John Snow Father of Epidemiology In 1854 there was a cholera epidemic in London, England.

No one knew what caused cholera. The wealthy fled to the countryside leaving other to cope back in the city. This was because the common explanation for cholera was the ―miasma theory‖ that said it was caused by bad air. In other words, pollution which was a disagreeable part of every city during that era.

Dr. John Snow had already made major contribution in the areas of anesthesia and medical hygiene. Those accomplishments alone would

have insured him a place in world history. But Dr. Snow was a skeptic and his biggest achievement was yet to be realized.

When the cholera plague broke out Dr. Snow began to interview local residents. This is a pattern followed today by epidemiologist to find the source of the contagion. He realized that the hardest hit area of London was in Soho and that most people were using water from a public tap.

He convinced the local authorizes to remove the pump han-

dle and disable the water supply. The cholera outbreak ended confirming that tainted water was the cause of cholera.

Later Dr. Snow did a diagram

standing how diseases originate and spread.

Here are a few of the LTU library offerings on Dr. Snow Cholera: the Victorian Plague by Amanda J. Thomas (eBook 2015) Dr. John Snow’s Behaviorsphere by Joao Bosco Jardim (Article (2015) Cholera deaths in Soho, London 1854: Risk Terrain Modeling for epidemiological investigations by Kenny, Neudecker (Article 2020)

map of the cholera cases and it showed conclusively how one source killed and sickened so many people. This kind of map was central to under-

For more visit the library. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Snow https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Snow#/media/ File:Snow-cholera-map-1.jpg

Library Reference Desk

We Have Answers

Off the Rack

by Sheila Gaddie

The Funeral Director: Stephen Kemp The novel coronavirus has claimed 470,822 lives*. A stag-

Funeral director Stephen Kemp offers us a glimpse of the role a

gering lost. Yet, how we cope with the lost has too often been ignored. There is no argument that the sacrifices’ of health care

funeral director plays in the African American community and he offers insights on the impact COVID 19 has had on the African

workers and essential workers should be lauded. Yet, often overlooked are the men and

American community, the necessity for celebrating the life of those we lost and how we can

women who shepherd us through our worst days…funeral directors. Funeral directors ease

better understand each other.

the trials of preparing to say goodbye to a love one. They have guided many families through a myriad of ways to cel-

*Statista: June 22, 2020. Esquire is available in Flipster: online magazines. From the article, ―20 Lives, 20 Perspectives: What We’re Learning From the Virus That Changed Everything.‖ Esquire, Summer 2020 : p.65.

ebrate the lives of the dead when traditional methods of grieving have been prohibited

2483352#&pageSet=32

due to COVID 19 restrictions.

Copyright: Sheila Gaddie

http:// Esquire.eoncontent.ebscohost.com/

*Additional reading: To serve the living : funeral directors and the African American way of death by Suzanne E. Smith.

Book Review By Gretchen Rudy the failures of kings, countries and military campaigns have been linked to disease.

Rats, Lice and History pro-

The book focuses typhus, but also provides a detailed

vides a meandering journey

analysis

through time, and describes how the course of history

plague, dysentery, infighting among the rat population,

has been altered by disease.

Although written in 1935, the

and all kinds of maladies. As the author states, ―Swords

book parallels much of what is now happening with the

and lances, arrows, machine guns, and even high explo-

coronavirus (COVID-19). For

sives have had far less power

all the control freaks among us, this proves that our fate

over the fates of the nations than the typhus louse, the

is often determined by rats, lice, critters and events over

plague flea, and the yellowfever mosquito.‖ In other

which we have little if any

words, we could be living

control. The author includes numerous accounts of how

through a new chapter in this book.

of

smallpox,

the

Check the LTU Library for Suggested Books The Plague by Albert Camus A haunting tale of human resilience and hope in the face of unrelieved horror, Albert Camus' iconic novel about an epidemic ravaging the people of a North African coastal town is a classic of twentieth-century literature. *Amazon

Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond Winner of the Pulitzer Prize and a national bestseller: the global account of the rise of civilization that is also a stunning refutation of ideas of human development based on race . *Goodreads

More Articles on COVID at the LTU Library The spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus: Health agencies worldwide prepare for the seemingly inevitability of the COVID-19 coronavirus becoming endemic. - P. Hunter

COVID 19: HOW SAFE IS YOUR SUPPLY CHAIN? It’s not just employees that the coronovirus pandemic affects. - John Warchus Placental Pathology in Covid-19 Positive Mothers: Preliminary Findings. Baergen RN, Heller DS

Bruguel’s Harvesters Click on picture to view video

Sheila to write intro

Looking for a good book?

Click on a book for my review for more reviews go to: https://ltubooklooks.blogspot.com/

QUESTIONS? The LTU library staff is available to help!

MAKE AN APPOINTMENT

Learning Forever!

By Sheila Gaddie

Bach, Noir and Me In elementary school, I explored playing the clarinet. My mother, who yearned to play the piano, bought a piano when I was in high school. Aside from learning to play ―Heart and Soul,‖ I had absolutely no interest in furthering my music education. Fifty years later, after reading an article in the New York Times about an older woman learning to play the ukulele, I decided that might be a fun pursuit. I visited my local music store, purchased a used tenor ukulele and signed up

for ukulele lessons.

My first teacher assured me that most adults would become proficient on the ukulele within six months.

I reached the six month benchmark in January. My proficiency on the ukulele has been uneven.

The beginning repertoire was a breeze, but as I advanced, I began to struggle to master new compositions.

I switched to Noir, a soprano ukulele, on the assumption that it would be easier to play because it is smaller than a tenor or a concert ukule-

le; it is not easier to play! sampled many musical

I

genres, folk, jazz, rock, and reggae. Finally, Daniel, my current teacher, asked, ―What type of music do you really want to play‖? I told him, ―Let’s try classical.‖ Daniel selected, Cello Suite No. 1, BWV 1007: I. Prelude by Johann Sebastian Bach.

I have been trying to learn the piece since November 30, 2019. I committed to practicing every day for an hour. At the beginning of each lesson, Daniel asks, ―How did Bach treat you this week?’ I whine for five minutes that the piece is too hard and that I am making minimal progress. Daniel listens patiently then responds, ―Let me hear.‖ At the end of the lesson, Daniel reassures me that I am making progress and that I really sound good. I roll my eyes and pack up. In January, Daniel forwarded a link to the video, ―That famous cello prelude, deconstructed,‖.

The video was a revelation as to why the prelude is considered a masterpiece.

Suddenly the notes have come alive on the

page. My musical vocabulary has soared and I recommitted myself to mastering the piece.

Play was going smoothly until I reached measures 31-37. If you study the score, the measures look simple because you repeat the same series of notes. One technique for playing the same series of notes efficiently is referred to as a barre. On a string instrument the musician plays by using one finger to press down multiple strings across a single fret of the fingerboard. When I attempted to barre, I only produced ―dead zones,‖ the sounds emitting from the ukulele sounded like thuds. My frustration level was beyond a ten when I returned to my next lesson. Daniel examined my finger on the string and said, ―Your finger does not appear to be touching all of the strings. You can flatten it by willing your finger flat by using your mind.‖ I was skeptical, but I tried Daniel’s approach and it worked!

March has arrived and Bach and I are still wrestling. My fingering has become more adept and my tone is resonant. As I am play-

ing, however, random thoughts frequently invade my consciousness, causing me to completely forget where I am at in the music. When I told Daniel, he simply smiled and recommended that I read, Inner Game of Music by Barry Green. My bookseller did not have a copy of the book and offered, The Art of Practicing: A Guide to making music from the Heart by Madeline Bruser. Ms. Bruser completely changed my musical perspective and my attitude toward practice. I had an epiphany. I have been focusing on the mechanics of playing the ukulele, instead of using the ukulele to express myself musically. Ms. Bruser reminded me

that it was a privilege at this time in my life to have the opportunity to take music lessons and to interact with Bach’s 300 year-old composition. My goal should ultimately be to convey my love of Bach and Noir. Finally, learning to play Bach was not supposed to be a destination, but a journey. Now, when I begin practice I am relaxed, grateful that I have another opportunity to interact with Noir and Bach.

Copyright: Sheila Gaddie Roz Chast and Patricia Marx: Mine the Mother Lode https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/books/rozchast-and-patricia-marx-mine-the-motherlode.html?searchResultPosition=1

To view “That Famous Cello Prelude, Deconstructed” on YouTube Click on the image:

by Gretchen Rudy No, not that F word. Think of other words that start with F. All the F words on the list generated in class one day in February a few years ago….

The students were discussing their reading assignments for class in Twentieth Century American Art. As a course requirement they had been assigned books that define the early part of the century and provide context for the cultural climate in which painters, jazz musicians, filmmakers and photographers of the time lived and

closure on their farm, and the journey from Oklahoma to California in search of jobs, a better life and The American Dream.

The student at the front of the class detailed the plot and described the dilapidated truck, the misery, the feeble grandparents, the dirt, endless delays and hardships along the way.

I interrupted the student about five minutes into this weary analysis of the book and asked, ―What is Steinbeck really writing about? What is important? What is the concept? Think of an F word!‖

worked.

It started with a review of The

Grapes of Wrath* by John Steinbeck, a tale of the Joad family as they struggled to survive the Dust Bowl days, fore-

The class came alive. It started with FAMILY. Then came FOOD, FAMINE, FEAR, FAILURE, FUTILITY, FATE, FAITH, FORCES (such as opposing forces and forces of (Continued on page 35)

nature), FORTITUDE, FREEDOM,

So, the analysis of FORM and

FUTURE, FULFILLMENT, FAIRNESS, FRAILTY, FRUSTRATION, FOOLISHNESS, FACTS, FAME, FORTUNE, FRIENDS(the list

FUNCTION or FORM and CONCEPT, whether a Gothic cathedral, a painting, or The Grapes of Wrath, can be summarized

went on and on) and ended with a bright red, perfectly polished and finely-tuned FERRARI—the

with a rich and varied list of F words. Think about it. Then build on that thought.

epitome of FANTASY!

Copyright: Gretchen Rudy

It worked. Their ability to distill concepts into a readily understood single F word (a précis in the land of literature) or a series of F words provided an interpretation and served as a foundation for further development of that idea. Once the

Note: The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck is available at the LTU Library: https://ltu.on.worldcat.org/external-search? queryString=ti%3Athe%20grapes%20of% 20wrath&clusterResults=on&stickyFacetsChecked=o n&baseScope=

Feet at Farm

class realized that Steinbeck was really conveying the strong bonds of family, the frustration of farmers fighting with bankers, the false choices of the day, and the futility of living the American Dream, then the dilapidated truck and the feeble grandparents made much more sense.

Gretchen Rudy is Retired Faculty College of Architecture and Design

https://www.cityofsouthfield.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/bikeroutesmap.pdf