Computational Fluid Dynamics: Applications In Architectural Design

FLUID DYNAMICS

Statics

Dynamic

p

3

= 10 kg/m3

w

Venturi Tube

100 P

1P A2 v 2

water

A1 v 1 hydraulic pressure system

N = Pascals m2

F P = A

(h is equal)

P = Po +

P1 +

A2

phg

water pressure at a given point

A1 v 1

v2

A1

=

A2 v 2

2

v1

Law of Conservation h1

P1 - P2 = h2

h2

h1

pg (h2 - h1 )

- continuity - conservation of momentum - conservation of energy

p v2 1

1 2

p v2 2

1 2

p

(v -v 2

2

1

2

1 2

A1 v 1

=

A2 v 2

)

=

1 2

( A1 ) A2

1 2

= P2 + =

P2 - P1

,

P1 + p v 1 + phg 1 = P 2 + phg 2 +

1 2

p

p

p v2

,

2

( v 21 -

2

v1

2

v2

) ,

(- ( AA ) ) 1

2

water pressure at two points

phg density

height

gravity

+ weight (mg) piston gas

P = Patm +

static

mg

rotation direction

A

gas pressure in compression

+ +

spinning ball

velocity is higher here , pressure is lower here

A1 v1

0 +

phg

= 10

5

Pascals velocity is lower here , pressure is higher here

atmospheric pressure

A2

v2 airfoil

dynamic

Crossflow and Vortex development studies developed using a wind tunnel

Velocity Magnitudes studies developed using Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD Fluent 6.3

Arabic wind tower Dubai Showing system of pressure systems inducing air movement

The Masdar Headquarters in Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE, will be the world's first large-scale, mixed-use, positive-energy building (above). The design consists of eleven glass-enclosed wind cones

CFD software was used to model the building geometry and surrounding wind patterns. Hot winds traveling at high velocities around and over the cone openings create low pressure areas, inducing airflow out of the cones. The cone’s shape captures cool air moving in the opposite direction.

Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture

+ +

-

+

-

Pressure systems Pressure reactive components and differentiation in height and pressure creates space.

D

Paper based triangular component used in previous structural design exploration.

These components became a load bearing facade system.

This was planar, although there is potential for vertical generation

Shamsul Akmal - Self organizing material research

Connecting triangular component at their three ends at different angles

Connecting to get height and load bearing experiment

Connecting to get height and load bearing experiment

A

B

Two seperate component generation systems

A +

B

Two seperate component generation systems layered

Component misconnection and limitation of generation In physical model these can be forced to connect, but if symmetry lines are followed strictly the components will not connect

Component misconnection and limitation of generation This connection issue can be resolved by using a connecter component in the form of a ‘X’

Tensegrity studies for verticality

Tension members compressing components

Tension members enclosing the components which are its constraints

Enclosure tension members forming support for a vertical connection

Tensegrity studies for verticality

Adding more components to add height

Testing of expansion

Testing of compression

Tensegrity studies for verticality

Tensegrity studies for verticality Bending of system

Eyebeam Atelier Museum of Art and Technology New York NY 2001 Preston Scott Cohen

8.636

8.128

7.620

7.112

6.604

6.096

5.588 5.080

4.572

4.064

3.556 3.048

2.540

2.032

1.524

1.016

Return Stroke 0.508

Power Stroke The expansion/contraction of these thermal actuators can be utilized to control the opening range of the panels.

0

-5.5

-0.4

1.1

5.0

15.3

22.1

30.3

39.2

43.3

51.2

55.2

59.2

60.2

66.2

Expansion Curve

Thermohydraulic, wax piston facade panel components Rostra Vernatherm, LLC http://www.rostravernatherm.com/thermal-actuators.htm

thermo actuator

thermo actuator

Thermohydraulic, wax piston facade panel components Component panels and location of thermo actuator to amplify opening

Thermohydraulic, wax piston facade panel components Surface generation studies with plane, curved and double curved surface