Esther Bible Study Leader's

WRITTEN BY REV. FAITH E. PARRY

Congratulation!

You’re a group leader. Is this your 1st time or 100th time leading a group? Either way, it can be exciting and scary to lead others in the study of scripture and conversations about their faith. I led my first group when I was in High School. I had no idea what I was doing but I also didn’t know that I needed to be scared. I wasn’t worried about not knowing the answers to people’s questions. I just wanted people to feel comfortable as we journeyed through our faith together.

Although much has changed in my life since then, my purpose for leading groups hasn’t changed. Even though I’ve learned more about the Bible, I still go into every group assuming there is someone in the room that knows more than me (and that’s ok) and with the goal that we can all learn from each other.

How to Use this Guide

This Leader’s Guide is designed to be used along side the participant’s guide. It has extra pieces for you to use so that you can prepare and help your group dive in deeper into the class. Don’t feel like these suggestions are a prescription for how things have to be done. Use your own discernment regarding your group, but don’t be afraid to try new things and listen to your group members.

You’ll find extra information for each lesson that’s there to help you answer questions, guide conversation, and go deeper into the text. If you come across questions you can’t answer, feel free to email me and I’ll help however I can faith@shalimar-umc.org.

Preparing for the Session

Having a consistent pattern each week to prepare for your group is important. I know, we all have weeks that are busier than others. That’s why it’s important to try and focus on what has to be done before your group and not skip the essential aspects.

Pray

You may think it goes without saying, but prayer is the one thing we can never skip when preparing for a group session. Pray as you’re preparing your lesson, pray as your setting up your room, open the group with prayer and encourage your members to pray for each other, there’s no end to the ways to pray. I encourage you to dedicate someone in the group to be your prayer leader. This person(s) job is to record the prayer requests at each session and then send them out to everyone afterwards so that the group can pray for each other. Be sure you have a chosen method of communication for the group. This depends on your group, but you can use email, text, or remind (remind.com). Remind combines both text and email, but

3

removes the annoying aspects of group texting where everyone sees the replies. You can easily add and remove people to the list. If you want to know more about this, feel free to contact me.

Review the Lesson

It is helpful to watch the lesson in advance so you can reflect on things that you might want to research before hand. Prioritize your time. If you only have 1 hour to prepare, then watch the lesson and then review the leader’s notes. If you have 2 hours to prepare, add some extra background reading in the scriptures and think about what questions you feel will be most important to your group. When you watch the video in advance, you’ll then watch it a second time with the group. This will help you to be more aware of how the group is responding, your hear something new, and be more sensitive to things God is pointing out to you that day.

Be Prepared to Improvise

The foundation of the Methodist small group movement that John Wesley started is that we live life together. That means that we share what’s happening in our lives, where we’ve seen God work, where we’re struggling, and where we need support from others. No matter how much you prepare, be ready for God to throw you a curve ball. When this happens, go with it. It is okay for a conversation to go where people are drawn to take it. God can work through that.

Be ready to Re-Direct the Talkers & Engage the Introverts

To be sure everyone in the group, no matter size, gets the best experience possible, do everything you can to help keep the conversation moving when you have someone that loves to talk and help involve those who seem to never jump into the conversation. This is the true art of group leading. You can know every fact in the Bible, but if you can’t balance the talkers and introverts, then you’ll struggle with your group dynamics. See the next page for suggestions on how to build your group.

4

The Top 10 Most Neglected Aspects of Small Group Life

By Tom Damante, September 4, 2012

1. Connecting Outside of Group Meetings. Simply put, we cannot see or talk with group members once a week and say we are “doing life together.” Communicate regularly in some form with group members.

2. Praying for Group Members. Our prayer life should consist of prayers for our group members. We are called to and are privileged to call out the needs of others in prayer.

3. Creating Future Vision for the Group. It’s easy to think about the here and now, but planning for the future of the group takes work. Where does God want your group to be in six months? One year? What can the group accomplish together this week?

4. Serving Others as a Group. A small group that is only serving the needs of those in the group is missing out on serving others outside of the group. How can the group serve the church? How can the group serve the community around us? Most of the time some of the greatest ways to build group relationships are by serving others together.

5. Contacting Visitors. Whether this is contacting those who are thinking about coming to the group or follow up with those who have visited, we cannot forget to connect with them. If you truly want to see new people come and stay in the group, you will have to reach out to them first. Give them all the details before the group and follow up to see how they liked the group. If you are overwhelmed and cannot make that connection yourself, delegate it to someone else in the group.

6. Have One-on-One Conversations. Your group members need you to talk with them alone. Don’t fall into the habit of conversing only within the groups. One-onone conversations not only help you get to know the person individually, but also give them time to talk with you about things they don’t want everyone else to hear.

7. Recruiting New Group Members. It is very easy to get comfortable with just those already in your group. Keep yourself focused on the goal, creating an environment for people to live in biblical community with others. Find those in your church who aren’t connected and invite them to your group.

8. Apprenticing New Group Leaders. As leaders, we should always be replicating ourselves in others. When we develop other small group leaders we can help new groups start, multiplications to take place, and someone who could replace us if needed.

5

9. Thinking Outside the Box. Never settle for the ordinary. Always be thinking of new ways to create connection and discipleship for your small group. There are still MANY way stop doing small group life that haven’t even been thought of yet! Be an innovator in helping others live in authentic Biblical community.

10. Creating Life-Long Memories. Doing life together isn’t about a weekly “church event” but about creating experiences that change us for the better and last for eternity. Never neglect the memories that can be made, for it’s in those memories that we find God’s leading and provision in our lives through other people.

6

GUIDE 1. Open with prayer.

SESSION 1

Introduction to Esther

The book of Esther takes place historically during the reign of King Xerxes (Hebrew name Ahasuerus). He ruled from 486-465 BCE.1 The book was probably written after the fact, maybe as late as 130 BCE.2 There are three sections of the Old Testament scriptures. The book of Esther is located in the Writings. This section is then divided into three subsections. Esther is located in the Five Rolls.

The Law (Torah)

• • • • •

Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy

The Prophets (Nebhim)

The Writings (Kethubhim)

Former Prophets

Poetical Books

Latter Prophets

Five Rolls (Megilloth)

• • • •

Joshua Judges Samuel Kings

• • • •

Isaiah Jeremiah Ezekiel The Twelve

• Psalms • Proverbs • Job

• Songs of Songs • Ruth • Lamentations • Esther • Ecclesiastes

Historical Books

• Daniel • EzraNehemiah • Chronicles

1 2

2. Hand Out Materials. Give everyone a Participation guide. Point to the back cover where the reading schedule is and the URL to watch the videos online if they miss a class.

3. Open books. Have everyone open books to page 2 so they can follow along.

4. Play video. Play Session 1 on the DVD.

CF. Luke 24:44, NLT - Then he said, “When I was with you before, I told you that everything written about me in the law of Moses and the prophets and in the Psalms must be fulfilled.”

Old Testament Order

Bechtel, 2002, pp. 2-3 Davies & Adeney, n.d., p. 299

Our book order is based upon the Jerome’s Latin translation from the 4th century. He had four groupings: The Law (5 books), Poetry (5 books), History (12 books), and Prophets (17 books). Esther is the last book of the History section.1 2

If they Ask...Versions of Esther

The version of Esther in the protestant Bible matches that of the original Hebrew text. Six passages throughout the book, adding up to 107 verses. These verses were not original to the book but add historical information. As a whole, church historians and early church theologians have agreed that the additional passages are not 1

Stewart, n.d.

7

LEADER’S original and should not be considered part of the scriptures. These passages can be found in the included printout of the book of Esther with additions.

The word purim means lot, so it’s the Feast of Lots (pur is singular). In Esther 3:7, Haman had lots cast to determine the day and month that the Jews would be destroyed because of Mordecai.

Esther 1:3, NLT - In the third year of his reign, he gave a banquet for all his nobles and officials. He invited all the military officers of Persia and Media as well as the princes and nobles of the provinces.

Esther 2:1, NLT - But after Xerxes’ anger had subsided, he began thinking about Vashti and what she had done and the decree he had made.

Festival of Purim

The book of Esther is read every year at the festival of Purim.

It remembers the story of Esther and Mordecai stopping Haman from destroying the Jews living in Persia. The dates of Purim change, just like Easter, but it lasts for two days either in February or March or the 14 and 15 days of Adar. The book of Esther is read in synagogues on the evening preceding Purim (thirteenth of Adar), itself a day of fasting, and again on the first of the two days of Purim (cf. 2 Macc. 15:16, “Mordecai’s day”).3

Characters

Vashti — The wife of King Xerxes. On the last day of a great feast the king commanded Vashti to come before his guests to exhibit her beauty (Esth. 1:10–11). Her refusal so enraged him that she was removed from her royal office (vv. 12–19). Though Xerxes may soon have regretted his hasty decision (2:1), he accepted his attendants’ suggestion that another woman be found to take Vashti’s place as queen (vv. 2–4); that woman was Esther (v. 17).4 Esther — Her Hebrew name was Hadassah, which means “myrtle” (Esth. 2:7). Brought up as an orphan by her cousin Mordecai, Esther lived in Susa, the former capital of Elam, which had been conquered by Persia. She was among the Jews who remained behind in exile during the reign of Xerxes I. After Queen Vashti was banished from the presence of the king, Esther was chosen from a number of young maidens to be queen in her place. In this position she risked her life to play a decisive role in thwarting Haman’s plan to destroy all the Jews in the Persian Empire.5 Mordecai — A Jew of the tribe of Benjamin living in the Persian capital of Susa at the time of King Xerxes. His cousin Esther, whom he had adopted as his daughter, succeeded 3 4 5

Mayers, 1987, p. 863 Mayers, 1987, p. 1036 Mayers, 1987, p. 352 3

Esther 2:16, NLT - Esther was taken to King Xerxes at the royal palace in early winter of the seventh year of his reign.

8

GUIDE the deposed Queen Vashti. When Mordecai overheard a plot against Xerxes, Esther communicated it to the king (vv. 21–22), for which he was later rewarded (ch. 6). Mordecai’s refusal to bow before Haman the Agagite antagonized the vizier, who then sought to annihilate the Jews throughout the empire (ch. 3). Again Mordecai enlisted Esther to inform the king of the plot, and thus they thwarted Haman’s plans (chs. 4–5).

Mordecai then led the Jews in annihilating their opponents (ch. 9) and subsequently was accorded a place next in rank to the king (10:3).1 Haman — The grand vizier or highest official in the Persian Empire under King Xerxes; son of Hammedatha (Esth. 3:1).

In the book of Esther he appears as Mordecai’s adversary and is labelled “the enemy of the Jews” (v. 10). He is called “the Agagite” (e.g., 3:1, 10), which would suggest that he was a descendant of Agag, the Amalekite king. Many, however, think that Haman was a true Persian and suggest that “Agagite” means only that he was a spiritual descendant of the nation of Amalek, one of Israel’s bitter enemies. Most likely, the term refers to a region near Media. In any case, Haman was infuriated by Mordecai’s refusal to do obeisance to him and determined to destroy all of the Jews in the kingdom (v.

6). However, this plan was foiled by the efforts of Esther and Mordecai, and Haman was hanged on the very gallows he had erected for Mordecai (7:10); in the purge which followed his ten sons were also killed (9:6–10).2 Xerxes — Xerxes I (also known as Ahasuerus in the RSV, KJV, CEV, and other translations), king of Persia 486–465 B.C.; the eldest son and successor of Darius I and Atossa, daughter of Cyrus the Great. He is best known for his unsuccessful invasion of Greece, described from the Greek point of view in Herodotus’ Persian Wars; despite initial promise shown by his crossing of the Hellespont in 480, Xerxes’ punitive campaign against Greek participation in the Ionian revolt and the battle of Marathon climaxed in the disastrous sea battle at Salamis later that same year. King Xerxes of the book of Esther, who

Mordecai doesn’t know but his refusal to bow to Haman is what actually causes the threat to his people, the Jews. One may wonder what Mordecai would have done if he had known that his action that day would have caused such cataclysmic effects on his people. In the end, he called Esther to action to save them from the actions he put into motion.

Haman’s inability to balance himself makes King Xerxes look like the most balanced individual. He doesn’t want to just kill the Jews but to “destroy, kill, and annihilate them, young and old, women, and children, an to plunder their goods,” (3:13).

180-day drinking party for the entire army so that Xerxes can show off his 1 Mayers, 1987, p. 730 wealth and majesty. Then 2 Mayers, 1987, p. 457 4 after 6 months, he has a 7-day all out city bash that all of Susa is invited to, well all the men and any improper lady. A party designed to show the king’s power ends with his embarrassment when the queen refuses him. Xerxes is conflicted by the event, but because of his strong desire to uphold people’s expectations of him ,he writes into law what his advisors suggest.

9

LEADER’S Proportion - v. adjust or regulate (something) so that it has a particular or suitable relationship to something else As mentioned before, Haman and Xeres didn’t show much balance when dealing with life, but Esther did. When she was told by the king she could have anything she wanted, all she did was ask to give her people a fighting chance.

We see in chapters 5 and 7 that men and women did eat together. So Vashti’s absence from the King’s banquet wasn’t because she wasn’t allowed to dine with him. This particular gathering was “for men only” or not for respectable women. One might say, it was an excessive frat party with everything one might expect to come with the stereo-type.

deposed his Persian wife Vashti and married the young Jewish woman Esther (Esth. 1:1–2:1, 16–17), is identified with Xerxes (cf. Ezra 4:5–7).3

Themes to Look For

As you go through this study, keep an eye out for the following themes in the book of Esther. Reflect on how these themes can influence your life and spiritual growth.4

The Importance of Proportion

Being well regulated is a trait that separates the wise and the foolish especially in scripture. You will see characters being unregulated, like the 180-day party that the king throws for the army to show off his wealth and the wise decision of Queen Vashti refusing to be made a spectacle in the affairs. Esther emerges as one who is balanced and not seeking everything for herself.

The Challenge of Living a Faithful Life in an Unfaithful Culture The Jews were not being received well as guests at this time in Persia. They tried to honor God in the situation that they were in, even though it was hard. It’s easy to be faithful when life is easy but when our world and culture is trying to harm us because of our faith, that when it really matters. When we struggle in our lives, God walks with us.

The Power of the Written Word

The author of the book of Esther references the written word 63 times: to write (24), law/decree/edict (19), letter/letter-writer (12), copy (3), letter (2), annals (2), decree (1). That’s a lot for a book that’s not too long. See if you can figure out the author’s connection with the written word as you study the book.

3 4

Mayers, 1987, p. 1073 Bechtel, 2002, pp. 7-15 5

10

GUIDE Chapter 1

We’re going to start with Esther 1:1-9, The King’s Banquet.1 King Xerxes ruled over a great kingdom from Susa, but he was a new king. He decided to throw a big excessive banquet to show off his power and wealth to his nobles and officials.

For 180 days they had lavish food and drank wine from gold goblets. After the first celebration was over, the king gave a 7-day banquet to honor people regardless of status. Queen Vashti decided to throw a banquet for the women in the palace at the same time.

Xeres is mentioned in Ezra 4:6, “Years later when Xerxes began his reign, the enemies of Judah wrote a letter of accusation against the people of Judah and Jerusalem,” (NLT). Xeres father Darius I began to rebuild the temple.

However, the Israelites and Samaritans were arguing over the rebuild under Xeres rule.

This could be part of the reason why Xeres felt the need to win good will from the army and the people of Susa. His father was loved by the Jews, and he was new to ruling.

Although the OT wives aren’t told they have to obey their husbands like slaves, the Moving on to Esther 1:10-21, Queen Vashti Deposed. While Persian culture was quite drunk on wine, King Xerxes instructed his eunuch to bring different. Wives were literally Queen Vashti to him so he could show her beauty off to those viewed as possessions of who were present at the banquet. However, the queen knew what she would be walking into and refused to go. The nobles their husbands. Vashti’s of Persia advised the king that if he did not deal with the actions outraged the men situation, women everywhere would think they could refuse their husbands as well. They suggested the king banish the because it opened the doors for wives to disobey their 1 Bechtel, 2002; Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1996, 2004, 2015. All references to section titles are taken from the NLT. husbands or their masters.

6 A women could respond to the man’s oppression by (1) accepting it, (2) appearing to accept it but using it to get their way, (3) use it in subtle ways as Esther does, or (4) simply resist and say No as Vashti did. Her actions in that moment are what she needed to be able to be at peace with herself.

Chapter one sets the stage for the entire story of Esther. The King has shown off his power, wealth, majesty, and generosity. The author chose to portray Xerxes in this way, not as he was four years later, after he returned from Greece defeated at Hellespont. His fortune was reversed and his wealth was lost.

11

LEADER’S The only place that we see such an elaborate description of something like Xerxes’ palace is the description of the tabernacle (Ex 25-28) and the temple in Jerusalem (1 Kg 7, 2 Ch 3-4). The Jews are in Susa with a pagan on the thrown with an over-abundance of physical possessions.

Vasti’s actions would suggest that Esther would end up the same way, banished from the King if she did anything to upset him. It’s one of the many reason why she had to be careful when she became queen.

The king holds tremendous power and can use it for his own honor without worrying about how it will effect anyone else. There is ultimate danger in absolute power, especially when it’s held by flawed leaders.

queen. Then he would be forced to choose a new queen. The decree was written and carried out.

Overabundance

Here in the first chapter, we see King Xerxes go overboard with the celebrations and feasting: 180 days of celebration followed by another 7-day feast? Who needs to really celebrate that much with his subjects? He is a new king, so maybe he wants his people to like him, or maybe he wants to show off his wealth and power. It could be a combination of both.

By stating that Queen Vashti throws her own banquet, it’s clear that she wasn’t invited to the celebration or banquet.

The king threw a party but left the wives out. There were women, but not the honorable kind. Women were present for entertainment.

Not much is said about why Vashti is throwing her own banquet. Maybe she wants to show support to the other women within the palace. She is probably also new just as the king is. Whatever the reason, it isn’t long before the king gets carried away and decides he wants Vashti to come and be part of his show of power and riches.

We don’t know Vashti’s upbringing or background, but she appears to present herself with grace even though she disobeys her husband the king. She keeps herself as a woman of honor.

Thought & Discussion

As we look at this first chapter of the book of Esther, take some time and think about what you can learn for your life, your culture, your walk with God, and your future. Reflect on these questions and even take some time to journal some answers.

1.

What kinds of things do you think were going through Queen Vashti’s head?

The only time we’ve seen 2. How have you struggled with Over-Abundance in your life (food, money, time, possessions, etc.)? absolute power be used 7 without corruption is in Jesus Christ. He’s the only king who’s character is perfect enough to handle it. Only a perfect king can wield unending power with true law and justice.

12

GUIDE 3. What do you think King Xerxes was seeking from those he was entertaining?

4. Has there ever been a time when you stood up to someone, but did so with grace?

5. Where do you see God at work at the beginning of this story?

For next session, read Esther, chapters 1-3.

8

13

LEADER’S 1. Open with prayer.

2. Welcome anyone new. Give a Participation guide and point out any important pieces for group communication.

3. Open books. Have everyone open books to page 9 so they can follow along.

4. Play video. Play Session 2 on the DVD.

SESSION 2 New Characters

Hegai - A eunuch of the Persian King Xerxes who was in charge of the royal harem. He won the trust of Esther when she was preparing for her meeting with Xerxes (Esth. 2:3, 8, 15).1 Shaashgaz - A eunuch in the court of King Xerxes who was in charge of the king’s harem (Esth. 2:14).2 Teresh & Bigthana - Two eunuchs who guarded the royal threshold of King Xerxes and planned to kill the king. Mordecai discovered their plot and had Esther report it to the king (Esth.

2:21–23; cf. 6:2).3

Chapter 2 Just as things always seem to be, The overabundance is continuing in Xerxes’ court. Chapter 2 starts with Xerxes regretting his decision to banish Vashti.

In order to distract him, his attendants decide to gather every beautiful virgin in the Kingdom for him to take into his harem. Any woman who captures his eye more than the others will become the queen. Then he can say he truly has the most beautiful woman of all.

In Esther 2:1-19, Esther Becomes Queen, we meet Mordecai and Esther for the first time. The chapter starts off with Xerxes regretting his decision to banish Vashti. His decision has been made though and the decree has been written. So women were gathered for the king to choose from. We meet Mordecai, from the tribe of Benjamin, who was among those exiled from Jerusalem to Babylon by King Nebuchadnezzar. He was raising Esther, his young beautiful cousin, who’s parents had died. Esther went to live among the king’s harem in the care of Hegai. Esther impressed Hegai and he started to give her special treatment. He didn’t know she was Jewish because Mordecai told her to keep it a secret. Because of Hegai’s advice, Xerxes fell in love with Esther and declared her queen and Mordecai becomes a palace official. Esther continued to keep her nationality a secret at Mordecai’s suggestion.

Esther 2:21-23, Mordecai’s Loyalty to the King, is the story of how God paved the way for the redemption of Israel. Mordecai 1 2 3

Mayers, 1987, p. 475 Mayers, 1987, p 930 Mayers, 1987, p. 994 9

Strange that the king, who has absolute power, seems to be letting others make his decisions. His attendants come up with the plan to cheer him up and find a new queen. It seems everything is stacked against Esther and Mordecai as they are coming into a court filled with overabundance of self-satisfaction and a king that seems to not be able to make any decisions for himself.

It’s not uncommon for Persian kings to have multiple wives and then countless concubines in their harems. A woman would come to the king as a virgin, then live with the others in luxury. King Artaxerxes II is said to have had 360 concubines.1 1

Jobes, 1999, p. 94

14

GUIDE was working when he overheard a plot to kill the king. He told Esther and she told Xerxes, crediting Mordecai. The information was recorded in the king’s record book.

Chapter 3

We meet Haman in Esther 3:1-25, Haman’s Plot against the Jews. Xerxes promoted Haman to be the most powerful in the empire, second only to Xerxes. The king commanded everyone to show Haman respect by bowing before him. But Mordecai refused to bow. The other palace officials asked Mordecai why he refused the king's command. They eventually went to Haman and told him about Mordecai. Haman’s rage caused him to seek out a way to destroy all the Jews throughout Xerxes’ empire. In Xerxes’ 12th year, about 4 years after Esther had been made queen, lots or purim were cast to determine what day the Jews would be destroyed. March 7, almost 1 year later, was chosen. Then Haman went to Xerxes to make his request. The king granted him his request. All the Jews would be killed and their property given to those who killed them.

Old and New Testaments Then Haman approached King Xerxes and said, “There is a certain race of people scattered through all the provinces of your empire who keep themselves separate from everyone else. Their laws are different from those of any other people, and they refuse to obey the laws of the king. So it is not in the king’s interest to let them live. -Esther 3:8 (NLT) Haman’s description of the Israelites is brutal and damning— he intends to wipe out an entire race of people through genocide. And one act of courage from a woman placed in a unique role turns the tide—the fragility of God’s people is palpable. Our redemption and salvation depends upon God’s strength, not our own, as Paul observes in his letter to the Ephesians.1

Esther had no control over when it was her turn to visit the king. Her relationship with Hegai (2:15), the keeper of the harem, put her in a position to take counsel when she prepared for her visit to the king’s chambers (2:17).

We aren’t told what advice Hegai gave Esther or what she asked for when she visited the king. We also don’t know what kind of special treatments she received in her time of preparation. What we do know, is however she prepared and whatever counsel she received, it worked.

The king gave a banquet to announce Esther as queen.

In chapter 1, a banquet was where Vashti was disposed as queen.

Just like chapter 1, respect is demanded but it is refused.

1 Group Publishing Inc., 1996, 2004, 2015, 2016, p. 519 10 We also see, just like in chapter 1, when the decree is written to exact Haman’s revenge on the Jews, it’s sent out to every corner of the kingdom in every language.

The king’s edict to banish Vashti and Haman’s plot against the Jews are parallel stories.

Although Mordecai never says he won’t bow because he’s a Jew, it seems to be implied. The others taking the actions to Haman to see what he’ll do with the lack of respect shows the growing tension between Jews and Gentiles in the king’s court.

To determine the exact time for Haman to exact his revenge, he used a purim, which was used for divination. It was a clay cube, a lot like modern dice. Haman 15

LEADER’S casted the lots the same month as Passover. Quite a parallel that in the month to celebrate God’s deliverance from Egypt, Haman was plotting how he was going to destroy all the Jews living in Persia.

Time Markings: In Chapter 1, it says it’s the 3rd year of Xerxes reign (1:3). In chapter 3, it says that it’s the 7th year, Early winter or the 10th month , the month of Tebeth (2:16). In chapter 3, it says it’s the month of April or the first month, the month of Nisan, during the 12th year of his reign (3:7). This is where the time marking comes, for 4 years after Esther became queen.

I pray that your hearts will be flooded with light so that you can understand the confident hope he has given to those he called—his holy people who are his rich and glorious inheritance. I also pray that you will understand the incredible greatness of God’s power for us who believe him. This is the same mighty power that raised Christ from the dead and seated him in the place of honor at God’s right hand in the heavenly realms. -Ephesians 1:18–20 (NLT)

Thought & Discussion

Esther is now queen and Mordecai has an official position for the king. Although Mordecai has saved the king’s life, he has gotten on Haman’s bad side, Xerxes right hand man.

1.

If you were Mordecai, would you have followed the king’s command regarding Haman? Why or why not?

2. Mordecai instructed Esther to keep her nationality a secret before he upset Haman, why do you think that was?

3. What connections do you see between Esther 3:8 and Ephesians 1:18-20?

4. How do you think Esther felt being in the king’s harem and being forced to go to his chamber?

For next session, read Esther, chapters 4-5.

We like to plan life, and generally things seem to cooperate with what we plan. At times, we get caught in situations where we feel powerless. We can’t see an end or even see 11 which way to turn. It may even feel like all decisions before us are bad decisions.

God can see what’s before us though. As we keep working through the book of Esther, we’ll see that she had strong counsel to help guide her. We see this in the New Testament church as well. When we have good counsel, it helps us go through situations that seem endless because we have trusted people to help guide us through.

Chapter 3 ends saying, “Then the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa fell into confusion.” -Esther 3:15b, (NLT).

16

GUIDE Note is says, “Susa fell into confusion,” not “Israel fell into confusion.” Surly, Susa felt distraught and afraid by the king’s new decree. What did it mean for the king to allow the genocide of an entire people group? What would happen to the nation?

Did other people groups need to be afraid? Was Persia safe for anyone?

When Paul writes in Ephesians that we should be flooded with light, so we can have hope, he is trying to remind the people of Ephesus that no matter what happens around them, we have God within so we can trust in tomorrow. The Jews in Susa and Persia had no hope when Haman’s edict went out. It looked like there was no tomorrow for them. What we can learn from their story, Paul’s writings, and so many other passages in scripture is that there is always hope. When we look to God for our strength, he will always help us find a path forward. It may be something we don’t expect but there will be a way forward.

17

LEADER’S 1. Open with prayer.

2. Welcome anyone new. Give a Participation guide and point out any important pieces for group communication.

3. Open books. Have everyone open books to page 12 so they can follow along.

4. Play video. Play Session 3 on the DVD.

The traditional way of Middle-Eastern mourning was for one to tear his clothes, put on sackcloth and ashes, and go through the city wailing. He would have kept going if he could have, but there was a dress code in the palace, and he did meet it. Was his grief compounded by the fact that his actions brought this destruction upon his people?

SESSION 3 New Characters

Hathach - A eunuch belonging to the Persian king Xerxes, appointed to attend Queen Esther; it was through him that she learned from Mordecai about Haman’s plot against the Jews.1 Zeresh - The wife of Haman, Mordecai’s antagonist (Esth.

5:10). At first she counseled Haman to build a gallows for Mordecai (v. 14), but soon predicted her husband’s fall before his Jewish enemy (6:13).2

Chapter 4

Last session, we learned about Haman’s plans to destroy the Jews because of Mordecai’s actions. We’re going to start off with Esther 4:1-17, Mordecai Requests Esther’s Help.

Mordecai is so distraught that he tears his clothes and enters a state of mourning. He goes up to the palace. All over the kingdom, Jews were mourning and fasting because of the king’s decree and Haman’s plan. Esther’s servants came and told her about Mordecai, so she sent them to find out why he was so distraught. Mordecai gave Hathach the decree and told him what had happened. He also instructed Hathach to tell Esther that she had to go to the king on behalf of her people. Esther sent a message back to Mordecai that she was afraid to go before the king without being requested. Esther finally agrees and requests that the Jews all fast together in preparation for her going to the king.

Old and New Testaments If you keep quiet at a time like this, deliverance and relief for the Jews will arise from some other place, but you and your 1 2

Mayers, 1987, p. 466 Mayers, 1987, p. 1088

Esther was separated from 12 Mordecai during the first 5 years of her marriage. She was kept in the palace and not allowed contact with others, especially men. She was still concerned for him. She is distressed by his level his emotional burden.

Haman had access to the king but Esther did not. Mordecai was asking her to go against court protocol, risking her life. Esther saw what happened to Vashti when she went against court protocol. The king seemed to desire her less by the fact that he had not requested her presence in a while. Mordecai keeps pushing, indicating that her life may be at risk if she goes before the king uninvited, but it is at risk if she does nothing because all Jews will die.

18

GUIDE relatives will die. Who knows if perhaps you were made queen for just such a time as this?” -Esther 4:14, (NLT) Esther is invited to play a pivotal role in the redemptive history of God’s passion for his people. She enters history “for just a time as this.” And Jesus tells his disciples, after his triumphal entry into Jerusalem: “Now the time has come for the Son of Man to enter into his glory.” Through his death, he says, he will rescue human kind from death. (John 12:23).3 Then Esther sent this reply to Mordecai: “Go and gather together all the Jews of Susa and fast for me. Do not eat or drink for three days, night or day. My maids and I will do the same. And then, though it is against the law, I will go in to see the king. If I must die, I must die.” -Esther 4:15-16 (NLT) Esther’s understanding of the situation facing her people brings her to a decisive moment. What she must do is clear— she must risk her life to protect and preserve the Jewish people. She knows it will likely cost her life, but the potential for redemption makes it worth the risk. She is a living metaphor for the sacrificial stance we see later in the life of Christ, when he lays down his life for all people as the ultimate and final sacrifice (Romans 6:5-11). That “laying down” posture is one that Jesus invites us to take as well—a willingness to abandon all, even our very life if necessary, for his kingdom purposes (Luke 9:23-27).4

Chapter 5

After Mordecai rallies Esther, we are brought to Esther 5:18, Esther’s Request to the King. After all of Israel fasted for 3 days, Esther went to the inner court and approached the king. The king welcomed her and she approached him. The king asked what she wanted and she requested the king and Haman to come to a banquet that evening. At the banquet, the king asked what Esther’s request was. Her response was

The phrase, “with fasting and weeping and mourning” is used here in Esther and also in Joel 2:1214. When the Bible speaks of fasting, it’s assumed that prayer is happening as well.

In both passages, the people were called to fast and come together to prepare for what God was going to do.

Esther had no say in this moment in her life, just like she had no say in becoming queen. She had been passive, just going along with the circumstances that had been handed to her up until this point. She had been pretending to be pagan. But now, she was given a choice that would define who she was.

She chose to embrace her identity of God’s and save her people.

For years, Bible scholars have debated if Esther or Mordecai was the main character of this story.

3 Group Publishing Inc., 1996, 2004, 2015, 2016, p. 520 4 Group Publishing Inc., 1996, 2004, 2015, 2016, p. 520 What’s clear is that they 13 each needed each other.

Esther needed Mordecai to speak into her life. Mordecai needed Esther to go to the king, which was something he could do. Together, they delivered Israel from the hands of someone who was sought to destroy them.

After 3 days of fasting, Esther risks her life by coming before the king. But instead of making herself look beautiful, she makes herself look royal. Xerxes seeks her, grants her permission to approach him and in that moment gives her life. He addresses her as Queen Esther for the first time and offers her anything, even half the kingdom.

It was not a literal gesture, but a statement to say that the king was willing to be generous.

19

LEADER’S The king is pleased by Esther’s request for the king and Haman to join her at a banquet she has prepared.

This follows the parallel of Vashti ending her royal position and power at a banquet. The banquet puffs up Haman’s ego as he was the only person other than the king invited to Esther’s banquet.

Haman brought people around him so he can boast about the dinner Esther threw for him and the king.

His pride is showed by Mordecai’s lack of respect though. His wife feeds his pride and encourages him to deal with Mordecai once and for all. It’s not enough to get rid of all the Jews, he needs to kill Mordecai publicly for all that he’s done to shame Haman. Haman is now following the king’s patterns of wanting ultimate power, but seeking approval from others. He seems to be unable to make his own decision here.

for the king and Haman to return to a second banquet the next night.

Esther 5:9-14, Haman’s Plan to Kill Mordecai, happens after the first night of the banquet. As Haman left the banquet, felling good about himself, he saw Mordecai sitting at the palace gate still refusing to honor him. He went home and talked with his friends and wife, Zeresh. He boasted about all that he had and the banquet that Esther threw for just him and the king. But then he complained about Mordecai. The friends and Zeresh suggested that Haman kill Mordecai on a pole. Haman set it all up.

Thought & Discussion

Mordecai has called Esther to put herself at risk so that the Jews living in Persia might be saved. Although she is afraid, she faced her duty to her people like a true queen.

1.

How would you have responded if you were Mordecai or the Jews?

2. When have you ever been put in a situation where you were afraid but knew you had to follow God’s guidance?

3. Many of us don’t take Paul’s words that we must be willing to “lay down one’s life” literally. How have you done it for others?

4. Why do you think Esther refrained from asking the king her request at the first banquet?

For next session, read Esther, chapters 6-7.

14

For the first time in the book of Esther, we see her emerge as the Queen she is only after she claims her Jewish heritage. When she embraces her identity in God, fasts, prays, and seeks God’s plan for her life, she lives into her role as queen and is called queen by Xerxes.

Xerxes was viewed as a god by his subjects. His word was law and when he was angered, bad things happened. With God’s help, Esther came up against a power that was stronger than any we could imagine on this earth.

20

GUIDE 1. Open with prayer.

SESSION 4 Chapter 6

Last week, Esther overcame her fear and approached the king on behalf of Israel. She hosted a banquet for King Xerxes and Haman, but put off her request till a second banquet. After the banquet, Haman made a plan to execute Mordecai. We pick up in Esther 6:1-14, The King Honors Mordecai. After the banquet, the king can’t sleep so he calls for his book of records to be brought to him. He reads the record of how Mordecai uncovered a plot to assassinate the king but nothing had been done to recognize Mordecai. The king found Haman in the outer court and brought him in for advice. When the king asks Haman’s advice, Haman thinks the king wants to honor him, so he comes up with the most extravagant way to honor a person who possibly can. Then the king instructs him to do all the wonderfully honorable things he suggested, but for Mordecai the Jew. When Haman returned home, humiliated, his wife told him that he would never succeed in his plans against Mordecai. As they were talking, the king’s servants arrived to escort Haman to Esther’s banquet.

2. Welcome anyone new. Give a Participation guide and point out any important pieces for group communication.

3. Open books. Have everyone open books to page 15 so they can follow along.

4. Play video. Play Session 4 on the DVD.

I am a firm believer that when our mind is burdened and we can’t sleep, many times God is at work. We see Chapter 7 We move to the banquet in Esther 7:1-10, The King Executes that here in chapter 6, The Haman. Esther hosts a second banquet, again with King irony is that while Haman Xerxes and Haman in attendance. The king asked again what is plotting to kill Mordecai, the queen was requesting and agreed to give her whatever she wanted. Esther asked for the king to grant her life and the the king is plotting to honor lives of her people. The king was shocked that anyone would him for his faithful service. threaten the queen and asked who was doing this. Esther Haman’s statement, “Who responded that it was Haman. The king was enraged over the news. When he heard that Haman had set up an execution for else would the king honor Mordecai, he ordered for Haman to executed on it that day. other than me?” is the pride before the fall. It’s the beginning of Haman’s downfall, with one situation 15 after another. First Haman’s humiliation as he honors Mordecai, then his wife points out that he’ll never succeed with his mission to destroy Mordecai, then Esther points to him as the source of her demise, then when he pleads for his life to Esther, the king thinks he’s trying to assault her. This horrible chain of events ends with his death in the same spot he arranged for Mordecai.

For Xerxes, his discovery that he had failed to honor Mordecai was a violation of Persian tradition. Kings were expected to publicly reward anyone who was loyal as a way to reinforce the importance of staying true to the king. It was very upsetting to the king that after 5 years, nothing had been done to honor Mordecai. Xerxes was probably impressed the Mordecai kept serving him faithfully even after this slight.

21

LEADER’S At Esther’s 2nd banquet, the king asks for the 3rd time what Esther wanted of him (the first being in the court when she invited them to dine). Esther’s words are skillful as she links the fates of her and her people, but doesn’t blame the king, even though he is the one who signed the petition. She quotes the petition word for word without putting blame.

Xerxes was so made he left the banquet. One could derive that he was conflicted.

He was enraged with Haman, yet Xerxes signed the order. Maybe the king realized he was manipulated. Harem rules said that no one but the king was allowed to be left alone with any of the king’s wives. The rules also stated that no man was to ever get within seven steps of one of the king’s women, even in the presence of others.

Haman should have left Esther as soon as the king went to the garden. But his fear for the king’s rage kept him from following. The idea of Haman falling on Esther’s couch is unthinkable!

It seems Xerxes has gotten control of his emotions when he returns and sees Haman out of his mind, violating all protocols. This is the last chance and Xerxes sentences him to death.

This chapter is a battle of who will live and who will die. Esther goes in pleading for her life and the lives of people who Haman is threatening. The story ends with Haman pleading for Esther for his life and the king deciding it will be Esther over Haman.

Haman thought he was safe in his power, wealth, and prestige. He took steps and made decisions that led to his death. His arrogance gave him false confidence and assurances that no one could touch him because he was second only to the king. He forgot about the king though. He was so wrapped up in his own selfish desires that his missed what was happening right before him.

Evil and sin is that way. The more we give into the power of sin, the more it overcomes us. Haman’s situation was created by the darkness he created. He was killed literally on gallows of his own construction. We must live our life in a way that choose the righteous path, as Esther did. We cannot give into the selfish desires that push us deeper into our selves.

22

GUIDE Esther Denouncing Haman, by Ernest Normand in 1888

So many times in our lives, we struggle to have the right words. Xerxes asked Esther “What is your petition?...

What is your request?” The words petition and request are asking Esther what her desires are. She responds by saying, “...grant me my life—this is my petition. And spare my people—this is my request.”

Esther is sharing her heart with the king.

Old and New Testaments So the king and Haman went to Queen Esther’s banquet. On this second occasion, while they were drinking wine, the king again said to Esther, “Tell me what you want, Queen Esther.

What is your request? I will give it to you, even if it is half the kingdom!”

Queen Esther replied, “If I have found favor with the king, and if it pleases the king to grant my request, I ask that my life and the lives of my people will be spared. For my people and I have been sold to those who would kill, slaughter, and annihilate us. If we had merely been sold as slaves, I could remain quiet, for that would be too trivial a matter to warrant disturbing the king.”

“Who would do such a thing?” King Xerxes demanded. “Who would be so presumptuous as to touch you?”

Esther replied, “This wicked Haman is our adversary and our enemy.” Haman grew pale with fright before the king and queen. -Esther 7:1-6 (NLT)

We have to be careful in our world. People use crafted words to try and get things from us. People may appear to be there to help us, but they really are just trying to help themselves. Jesus warns us in Matthew that we must pay attention because some may appear to be fellow sheep, but they are not. Words can trick us.

Matthew 10:16-20 warns us to be cautious of people around us, but also reminds 16 us that our words have great power as well. When we are focused on God, when we are centered on prayer. Esther prepared to speak to the king by fasting and praying.

She asked the Jewish community to join her in preparation as well. Only when she was ready, did she approach the king, knowing that God went with her.

Here Esther responds to the king with a shrewd plan to expose Haman’s treachery. Her response is surprising and leveraging,

We could learn from Xerxes in this way and just ask what it is that someone wants.

Maybe we need simply to see what a person’s desires are. If a person can’t be strait forward with us, or if they are and their desires don’t line up with ours, then it may be time for us to pray about how God wants us to proceed.

23

LEADER’S God sent the Holy Spirit to speak through us but also to guide us. We don’t want to be confused by others in this world. Xerxes was a ruthless king. His ruthlessness was emphasized by his need to make others happy. Those close to him used that to manipulate him, or at least, that’s the picture we get in the book of Esther. Jesus teaches us to be better than that. We must be guided by the Spirit so we can know the truth of God. We must be redeemed from the world and the tricks of others.

and it produces redemptive impact. This is the very reason why Jesus urges his disciples to be “shrew as snakes and harmless as doves.” He says, “God will give you the right words at the right time”—exactly what happens with Esther (Matthew 10:16-20).1 Look, I am sending you out as sheep among wolves. So be as shrewd as snakes and harmless as doves. But beware! For you will be handed over to the courts and will be flogged with whips in the synagogues. You will stand trial before governors and kings because you are my followers. But this will be your opportunity to tell the rulers and other unbelievers about me.

When you are arrested, don’t worry about how to respond or what to say. God will give you the right words at the right time.

For it is not you who will be speaking—it will be the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. -Matthew 10:16-20 (NLT)

Thought & Discussion

Mordecai is honored for saving the king's life. Esther holds her second banquet, and responds to the king's third time asking her what her request was. Haman is killed for his crimes against Esther and her people.

1.

As you reflect on these chapters of the story, which characters most relate to you?

Mordecai probably felt a lot of guilt for bringing such troubles on his people. How do you think he felt to be honored by the king?

2. Esther was putting her life at risk to disclose she was a Jew, why do you think she did that?

3. We don’t know what Haman said to Esther when he pleaded for his life. What do you think he said?

There is debate on whether For next session, read Esther, chapters 8-9.

Mordecai or Esther is really the main character. Without Mordecai, Esther wouldn’t have had the courage 1 Group Publishing Inc., 1996, 2004, 2015, 2016, p. 522 to stand up for the Jews.

17 Without Esther, the Jews wouldn’t have had anyone stand up for them. Who do you feel is the most important person in this story?

24

GUIDE 1. Open with prayer.

SESSION 5 Chapter 8

Last session, Esther pleaded to Xerxes for the life of the Jews.

Haman was executed on the gallows he built for Mordecai. We pick up in Esther 8:1-17, A Decree to Help the Jews. Xerxes gives Haman’s property to Esther. Then Esther tells the king that Mordecai is her cousin. Mordecai receives the king’s signet ring and oversees Esther's property. Esther requests a decree to save her people. It said that Jews could defend themselves, kill anyone who attacked them and take their attackers property. The Jews were filled with joy and they rejoiced.

People became Jews out of fear of what the Jews may do if they came against them.

2. Welcome anyone new. Give a Participation guide and point out any important pieces for group communication.

3. Open books. Have everyone open books to page 18 so they can follow along.

4. Play video. Play Session 5 on the DVD.

Chapter 9

We continue the story with Esther 9:1-19, The Victory of the Jews. When the two apposing decrees came forward on March 7, the Jews overpowered their enemies. Mordecai’s fame spread through the kingdom. The Jews struck down their enemies but they didn’t take any plunder. The king asked Esther what else she wanted, and she asked for the Jews to be allowed to defend themselves the next day. The king agreed.

They defended themselves against their enemies again, the rested the next day with feasting.

After they defended themselves, we see in Esther 9:20-31, The Festival of Purim. Mordecai sends record of these events to all the Jews calling for an annual festival. They were to have a feast and give gifts of food to friends. They would celebrate and remember what happened.

Haman’s evil plan goes on. The king can’t stop something that has already been written and signed. He can write something that contradicts it, but he can’t revoke it. The only option is to start a legal war between Jews and Persians.

The language of Mordecai’s degree matched the The Festival of Purim Today On the 13th of Adar, the Jews defended themselves, and language of Haman’s on the 14th of Adar, the rested and celebrated. Today, Jews decree. Both edicts used the celebrated these events with the Festival of Purim. The night words, “kill, slaughter, and before the 13th of Adar, the book of Esther (Megillah) is read in annihilated” and both said 18 that the person the edict was giving power to could take the property of their enemies. Just like Haman’s edict, Mordecai’s was sent out in every language all over the kingdom. It was a king ordered civil war. The original decree resulted in Mordecai putting on sack cloth and being prohibited from the king’s presence. Now the Jews are celebrating and he emerges the king’s court in the royal robes.

In 1 Samuel 15, God told Saul to destroy the Amalekites. Saul was instructed to destroy everyone and everything: men, women, children, babies, cattle, sheep, goats, camels, 25

LEADER’S and donkeys. (1 Sam 15:3).

But King Saul spared King Agag and his best livestock.

Saul was reprimanded for taking plunder and not following the Lord’s commands. The Jews took no plunder from Persia. That is one of the rules of ancient holy wars.

Mordecai’s decree allowed plunder, because his was an exact reversal of Haman’s words. The Jews understood that Mordecai was also governed by the ancient laws which they followed.

The killing of Haman’s 10 sons was a common practice of ancient warfare.

When a leader was killed, his entire family was killed to ensure that no one would be alive to revenge him or launch a coup.

the synagogue. This starts a day of fasting (Fast of Esther) from sundown to sundown. During the day on the 13th, there is an emphasis of giving to the poor. Food or money is given to at least two need people. Gifts of food are also send to friends on this day through a third party.

On the 14th of Adar (Mordecai's Day), the fast is over, so it's time to feast! The meal may start at sundown on the 13th, as soon as the fast ends. People set their nicest table, sing joyous songs, and have lots of fun together. The second reading of Esther is also on the 14th of Adar.

When the Megillah is read at the synagogue, children dress up like a masquerade. They often do cheerful characters, such as Mordechai and Esther. When the story is read, they hearers drown out Haman's name with noisemakers and shouting.1

Thought & Discussion

Israel is safe. Esther is not just the wife of Xerxes, she is acting as a queen. To remember the day, the Festive of Purim has been started so that for all time, Israel will remember how God used Esther and Mordecai to save the Jews living in Persia.

Every year, the book of Esther is read and the story re-told.

1.

What stands out to you about chapters 8 and 9?

2. Do you feel this story expresses our God today?

3. How do you see God protecting his people in today’s world like he did then?

For next session, read Esther, chapters 10.

Purim is unique in that it started as a celebration of something God did, not 1 Purim How-To Guide, n.d.

19 because God requested or instructed Israel to remember something.

Purim is celebrated still today around the world. In Jerusalem, and other walled cities, the day of Purim is 1 day later, to recognize that in Susa the fighting lasted an extra day.

The book of Esther was very important to Jews who were imprisoned in Nazi camps because it gave them hope. Yet, many generations after that have struggled to see how God has delivered his people. Esther has been read throughout Jewish history as a symbol of the final salvation of God’s people. The recurring evil forces will be eliminated by God. It’s a link between the covenant at Sinai and God’s destiny for his people.

26

GUIDE Open with prayer.

SESSION 6 Chapter 10

Our story is concluded with Esther 10:1-3, The Greatness of Xerxes and Mordecai. Xerxes honors Mordecai by telling all of his great achievements and promoting him to prime minister.

The Jews respected him because of the good work he did for his people.

Old and New Testaments Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews, had plotted to crush and destroy them on the date determined by casting lots (the lots were called purim).

But when Esther came before the king, he issued a decree causing Haman’s evil plot to backfire, and Haman and his sons were impaled on a sharpened pole. That is why this celebration is called Purim, because it is the ancient word for casting lots.

So because of Mordecai’s letter and because of what they had experienced, the Jews throughout the realm agreed to inaugurate this tradition and to pass it on to their descendants and to all who became Jews. They declared they would never fail to celebrate these two prescribed days at the appointed time each year. -Esther 9:24–27 (NLT) Jesus has just celebrated the Festival of Purim in Jerusalem, referenced here, when he heals a crippled may lying by the pool of Bethesda. This festival recognizes the salvation of Israel by God’s hand, through the casting of a lot (the Pur).1 Afterward Jesus returned to Jerusalem for one of the Jewish holy days. Inside the city, near the Sheep Gate, was the pool of Bethesda, with five covered porches. Crowds of sick people— blind, lame, or paralyzed—lay on the porches. One of the men lying there had been sick for thirty-eight years. When Jesus 1

Group Publishing Inc., 1996, 2004, 2015, 2016, p. 524 20

2. Welcome anyone new. Give a Participation guide and point out any important pieces for group communication.

3. Open books. Have everyone open books to page 20 so they can follow along.

4. Play video. Play Session 6 on the DVD.

It’s important to note the partnership between Esther and Mordecai. Often times, this book is used in women’s Bible studies because it’s one of two books named after women. But really, the story is shared equally between Esther and Mordecai. Neither Esther nor Mordecai could have accomplished this work on their own. Mordecai showed great honor, because even after his promotion, he still looked after the Jewish people and never abused his power.

The story of Esther and Mordecai also shows that God will fulfill his covenant promise generation after generation.

There has been parallels drawn of Persia and the Garden of Eden. Just as Xerxes could not simply rescind his decree of death, God could not rescind the curse of death on humanity. Yet, Xerxes gives a counter-decree of life just as God gives Jesus Christ as his counter-decree of redemption. Jesus family would have been connected 27

LEADER’S to the Jews living in Persia, and would have probably been killed if Esther had not saved her people. See Matthew 1:11-12 for reference of the Babylonian exile in Jesus’ family tree.

saw him and knew he had been ill for a long time, he asked him, “Would you like to get well?”

“I can’t, sir,” the sick man said, “for I have no one to put me into the pool when the water bubbles up. Someone else always gets there ahead of me.”

Jesus told him, “Stand up, pick up your mat, and walk!”

This book breaks so many bounds. First, Esther and Mordecai are family but not married. It shows the importance of partnership in roles other than marriage and childbearing. It also shows how important laity are. Neither carried roles in the church. They were from the tribe of Benjamin, not the tribe of Levi (the tribe of priests). God places Christian men and women in community with one another in the church to help the church as a whole.

We are all called to use our talents, gifts, and calling from God to better the community.

Instantly, the man was healed! He rolled up his sleeping mat and began walking! But this miracle happened on the Sabbath, so the Jewish leaders objected. They said to the man who was cured, “You can’t work on the Sabbath! The law doesn’t allow you to carry that sleeping mat!”

But he replied, “The man who healed me told me, ‘Pick up your mat and walk.’ ” “Who said such a thing as that?” they demanded.

The man didn’t know, for Jesus had disappeared into the crowd. But afterward Jesus found him in the Temple and told him, “Now you are well; so stop sinning, or something even worse may happen to you.” Then the man went and told the Jewish leaders that it was Jesus who had healed him. -John 5:1-15 (NLT)

Closing Thoughts

The book of Esther is often disliked because it seems to be a tribute to women who go against the men’s system. A deeper look into the book shows something quite different though.

It’s really the story of two Jews, following God’s path. They are put into situations they didn’t choose but they chose to step out in faith. It’s a story of people who are all imperfect, even Mordecai and Esther make mistakes. Yet God brings forth a perfect plan to deliver Israel.

21

Major Themes Revisited

Mordecai and Esther both showed balance in their lives, even when they rose to power. They never stopped honoring God, following his commands, or doing what was best for his people. When given the opportunity to seek more power or wealth, they didn’t take it. They both showed wisdom and grace in times of trouble.

The Jews stayed strong even when the Persian culture was against them. When they were facing the end of their lives, they turned to God and trusted him. They prayed, fasted, and never showed any signs of turning away from God. Because of their faith, God not only delivered them, he helped them thrive during those years in Persia.

28

GUIDE Thought & Discussion

Mordecai is entered into a place of honor and Israel is safe.

1.

How can you use the story of Esther and Mordecai to change the way you trust God during difficult times?

2. Where has your faith been stretched during these 6 sessions?

3. What questions have been left unanswered about the story?

4. What have you learned about overabundance and balance?

5. Where did you see the connection of living a faithful life then and now?

6. How have you seen the power of the written word?

The written word is very important in this book, but we see that spoken words are important too. Esther saved her people with words, just as Jesus healed the man at the pool of Bethesda with words. Words written or spoken for Godly reasons will produce Godly outcomes.

God has a plan, even when we can’t see it. He positioned Esther and Mordecai in positions to help delivery Israel. Mordecai was in a position to discover the plot to kill the king, putting him in the king’s debt.

Esther was in a position to have access to the king so she could petition on behalf of the Jews. When one is open to God’s will, God can do great things.

In the New Testament, we see Jesus healing the paralyzed man right after Purim. Jesus celebrated 22 God’s deliverance of the Jews in Persia, then he delivered the man at the pool of Bethesda. The man was trapped by his circumstances, just as Esther, Mordecai, and the Jews were trapped by their circumstances. God delivers us no matter what the situation is if we are open to him.

29

LEADER’S READING SCHEDULE Session 1 - Intro & Chapter 1 Session 2 - Chapters 2 & 3 Session 3 - Chapter 4 & 5 Session 4 - Chapter 6 & 7 Session 5 - Chapters 8 & 9 Session 6 - Chapter 10 & Conclusion

To watch the session videos, visit sumc.io/esthervideos

30

GUIDE

WORKS CITED

Bechtel, C. M. (2002). Interpretation Commentary: Esther. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press.

Damante, T. (2012, September 4). The Top 10 Most Neglected Aspects of Small Group Life.

Davies, T. W., & Adeney, W. F. (n.d.). Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther: Commentary, Revised. Edinburgh; London: T. C. & E. C. Jack.

Group Publishing Inc. (1996, 2004, 2015, 2016). Holy Bible, New Living Translation (Jesus-Centered Bible ed.). Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House Foundation, Group Publishing Inc. Jobes, K. H. (1999). The NIV Applicaiton Commentary: Esther. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

Mayers, A. C. (1987). The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.

Purim How-To Guide. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2019, from Chabad: https://www.chabad. org/holidays/purim/article_cdo/aid/1362/jewish/Purim-How-To-Guide.htm Stewart, D. (n.d.). Why Are the Books of the Bible Placed in a Particular Order?

Retrieved July 10, 2019, from Blue Letter Bible: https://www.blueletterbible.org/faq/ don_stewart/don_stewart_272.cfm

31