Washington's First Thanksgiving Proclamation

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George Washington’s Thanksgiving Proclamation Thursday 14 November 2013

George Washington’s Thanksgiving Proclamation Thursday 14 November 2013

AUCTION

Thursday 14 November 2013 6.00 pm (Lot 1) 20 Rockefeller Plaza New York, NY 10020 VIEWING

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Auction Information

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Property for Sale

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Important Notices and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice

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George Washington’s Thanksgiving Proclamation Thursday 14 November 2013

InauguratIon of george WashIngton, engraving by Montbaron and gautschi

INTRODUCTION

RembRandt Peale, Portrait of GeorGe WashinGton, c. 1819-22

G

eorge Washington’s Thanksgiving Proclamation is the frst issued by an American president.

The impetus came from Congress, as it wrapped up its frst session in New York City, then the nation’s capital. It had been a momentous session. A new Constitution, replacing the Articles of Confederation under which the Revolution had been won, had been ratifed the year before.

The new Congress had been meeting since April 1789 in the former City Hall, revamped by Pierre L’Enfant, at the intersection of Wall and Broad Streets (the current Federal Hall stands on the site).

Over the next fve months, it organized three cabinet departments and the federal judiciary, and offered the amendments now known as the Bill of Rights to the states. Perhaps the frst session’s most dramatic moment was the inauguration of the frst president, George Washington, the 57-year-old hero of the Revolution.

At the end of September, as the House of Representatives prepared to adjourn, Rep. Elias Boudinot of New Jersey moved that a Congressional committee ask the president to “recommend to the people of the United States a day of public thanksgiving and prayer.” The Senate agreed.

Washington’s proclamation on October 3 is the result.

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Washington’s frst paragraph repeated the language of the message he was responding to, in this case the resolution of Congress. He often used that approach. His own voice began at “Now therefore…”

Washington typically relied on aides for the frst drafts of his public pronouncements. In the spring and summer of 1789 he worked most closely with Rep. James Madison, a young colleague from Virginia; he also had the help of his secretaries Tobias Lear and William Jackson. No matter who helped draft the text, the language of the Thanksgiving Proclamation was purely Washingtonian. It lacked Thomas Jefferson’s sparkle. But it was grave, thorough, and well-balanced, like Washington himself.

Washington was reticent about the precise nature of his religious beliefs. Although he was a lifelong member of the Anglican (later Episcopalian) church, he did not take communion; philosophical speculation did not interest him, as it did Jefferson and John Adams. Yet he had a powerful belief in a Providence that ruled human affairs—ruled them, and intervened in them. Men therefore should thank Providence for Its blessings, and worry when Its blessings were withheld. This spirit informed the Thanksgiving Proclamation.

Washington began with “that great and glorious Being…Author of all the good that was, that is, or that will be” (an echo of the Doxology). He repeated a phrase—“interpositions of his Providence”—which he had used in his General Orders after the victory of Yorktown. Then he proceeded to enumerate the favorable interpositions that the United States had enjoyed.

He singled out “the peaceable and rational manner” in which America had set up its postindependence governments. The horrors of modern revolutions—in France, Haiti, and dozens of other unfortunate countries—were still to come, but Americans knew from Plutarch and Shakespeare about chaos in the ancient world. We had escaped it. Washington nodded to the Bill of Rights by mentioning “civil and religious liberty,” which they had been written to reinforce.

He fnished with a very Washingtonian item: “the means…of acquiring and diffusing useful knowledge.” Washington, who considered his own education “defective,” would leave bequests to schools in his will, and urge Congress to establish a national university. The national university never happened, but one of his benefciaries is now Washington and Lee University.

He then moved on to what Americans must now do. He asked pardon for “our national and other transgressions” (a reminder to transgress no more). He urged Americans to perform their “duties properly and punctually”; the former general was a great believer in promptitude. The laws should be “wise” and “just” as well as constitutional, and “faithfully executed and obeyed”; there spoke the leader of men. He hoped America and the world would enjoy a fourishing of religion, virtue and science; unlike certain believers and atheists, he saw no contradiction there. At the end he acknowledged that all lay in the hands of the Ruler of Nations—we would enjoy such prosperity “as he alone knows to be best.”

Washington’s Thanksgiving Proclamation was delivered at a moment of achievement and hope.

Many trials lay ahead--a decade of political rancor in which Washington would see his name and reputation attacked in the gutter press; the Whiskey Rebellion; a second war with Britain; riots in the cities; bloody battles with Indians on the frontier; and the frst mutterings of secession. A generation later came more and worse: the Civil War. Yet even so, the country would grow and prosper, and the blessings of liberty be extended. We should give thanks—and keep working.

— Richard Brookhiser, Author of Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington, and George Washington on Leadership

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John Ramage (ca. 1748-1802). PoRtRait of PResident geoRge Washington. WateRcoloR on ivoRy. the fiRst PoRtRait of any PResident, Painted by Ramage at a sitting of geoRge and maRtha Washington in neW yoRk on 3 octobeR 1789. Painted the same day Washington signed his thanksgiving PRoclamation. (sold at chRistie’s, 19 JanuaRy 2001)

GEORGE WASHINGTON’S THANKSGIVING PROCLAMATION WASHINGTON CALLS ON THE ALMIGHTY “TO RENDER OUR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT A BLESSING TO ALL THE PEOPLE...BEING A GOVERNMENT OF WISE, JUST, AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS, DISCREETLY AND FAITHFULLY EXECUTED”

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WASHINGTON, George (1732-1799), as President. Manuscript document, boldly signed (“G:o Washington”), constituting the first presidential proclamation recommending a day of thanksgiving and prayer, the sheet headed “By the President of the United States of America a Proclamation,” beginning “Whereas it is the duty of all Nations to acknowledge the providence of Almighty God...”. New York, 3 October 1789. Text in the neat hand of William Jackson (1759-1828), Washington’s personal secretary.

1 page, folio, 372 x 240mm. (14¬ x 9¬), on laid paper, watermark t.budgen. Originally folded, with slight separations and minor repaired losses, especially at fold intersections; professionally backed, otherwise in fne condition. washington proclaims the first federal day of thanksgiving, invoking

and ruler of nations,” acknowledging

“his kind care and protection”

“the

great lord

The observance of days of thanksgiving is a deeply rooted American tradition. Special days for “humiliation, fasting, and prayer,” as well as for thanksgiving, were set aside periodically throughout the colonial period and Revolutionary War. After the frst harvest of the Massachusetts settlers, Governor William Bradford appointed a day of thanksgiving. Another, in 1623, celebrated a fall of rain after a prolonged drought. After 1630, an annual thanksgiving came to be widely observed after the harvest, and other New England colonies took up the practice. During the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress recommended national days of thanksgiving, fasting, and prayer, including a special one in 1784 for the long-awaited return of peace after seven years of bloody confict. When the recently-elected President Washington signed the frst Thanksgiving Proclamation on October 3, 1789, he was putting his own mark on a much older Judeo-Christian tradition.

The frst stirrings of a day of Thanksgiving came to Washington during the Constitutional Convention, over which he presided. On September 17, 1787, following three months of intense negotiations, the Convention formally submitted the new plan of government to the Continental Congress, with the recommendation that they submit it to conventions formed in each state for the sole purpose of ratifcation. Even before the acrimonious public debate over ratifcation was launched, it was clear to all that a momentous milestone had been passed.

Profound changes were in the air. Mindful of the importance of the occasion, as early as 28 August Washington wrote, in confdence, to James Madison to ask “Should the sense of the Senate be taken on the propriety of...a day for thanksgiving?” (Writings, ed. Fitzpatrick 30:394). With Washington’s initiative showing at least private support, the fnal proclamation represents the unusual case of a presidential proclamation originating in a request from Congress, which was then sitting at the recently-redesigned Federal Hall in New York City.

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By the President of the United States of America. a Proclamation.

W hereas it is the duty of all Nations to acknowledge the providence of Almighty God, to obey his will, to be grateful for his benefts, and humbly to implore his protection and favor–and whereas both Houses of Congress have by their joint Committee requested me “to recommend to the People of the United States a day of public thanksgiving and prayer to be observed by acknowledging with grateful hearts the many signal favors of Almighty God especially by affording them an opportunity peaceably to establish a form of government for their safety and happiness.”

N ow therefore I do recommend and assign Thursday the 26th day of November next to be devoted by the People of these States to the service of that great and glorious Being, who is the benefcent Author of all the good that was, that is, or that will be–That we may then all unite in rendering unto him our sincere and humble thanks–for his kind care and protection of the People of this Country previous to their becoming a Nation–for the signal and manifold mercies, and the favorable interpositions of his Providence which we experienced in the course and conclusion of the late war–for the great degree of tranquillity, union, and plenty, which we have since enjoyed–for the peaceable and rational manner, in which we have been enabled to establish constitutions of government for our safety and happiness, and particularly the national One now lately instituted–for the civil and religious liberty with which we are blessed; and the means we have of acquiring and diffusing useful knowledge; and in general for all the great and various favors which he hath been pleased to confer upon us.

And also that we may then unite in most humbly offering our prayers and supplications to the great Lord and Ruler of Nations and beseech him to pardon our national and other transgressions– to enable us all, whether in public or private stations, to perform our several and relative duties properly and punctually–to render our national government a blessing to all the people, by constantly being a Government of wise, just, and constitutional laws, discreetly and faithfully executed and obeyed–to protect and guide all Sovereigns and Nations (especially such as have shewn kindness unto us) and to bless them with good government, peace, and concord–To promote the knowledge and practice of true religion and virtue, and the encrease of science among them and us–and generally to grant unto all Mankind such a degree of temporal prosperity as he alone knows to be best.

G iven under my hand at the City of New-York the third day of October in the year of our Lord 1789.

G: o Washington

“...to render our national government a blessing to all the people, by constantly being a Government of wise, just, and constitutional laws, discreetly and faithfully executed and obeyed...and to bless them with good government, peace, and concord.�

amos doolittle, WashinGton takinG the oath of office, fedeRal hall, neW yoRk, 30 aPRil 1789. couRtesy WinteRthuR museum

On 25 September 1789, New Jersey Congressman Elias Boudinot (1740-1821) introduced in the House of Representatives a resolution asking “That a joint committee of both Houses be directed to wait upon the President...to request that he would recommend to the people of the United States a day of public thanksgiving and prayer to be observed by acknowledging, with grateful hearts, the many signal favors of Almighty God, especially by affording them an opportunity peaceably to establish a Constitution of government for their safety and happiness.” Boudinot stated that he “could not think of letting the session pass over without offering an opportunity to all the citizens of the United States of joining, with one voice, in returning to Almighty God their sincere thanks for the many blessings he had poured down upon them.”

While the thanksgiving proclamation was steeped in the language of the “Almighty,” Washington was very private regarding his own religious practices. His reticence refects a complicated relationship with faith—belief in a higher power but the conviction that humans were in charge of their own fates. Supporting the principles embodied in the Bill of Rights, he had little inclination to impose faith on others. Still, Washington’s belief in a Supreme Being is refected in the clear language of his thanksgiving proclamation.

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gilbeRt stuaRt, GeorGe WashinGton, 1796 couRtesy national PoRtRait galleRy, smithsonian institution, Washington, dc.

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Elias Boudinot (1740-1821) read the law at Princeton, became a successful attorney, and eventually served as chief justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court.

During the Revolution, he served as a delegate to the Continental Congress (1778-79) and as its president (1782-83). At war’s end, he was elected to the House of Representatives. He served on the Committee of Eleven that created discrete Constitutional amendments from James Madison’s suggested modifcations, and chaired the House Committee of the Whole that considered the revised amendments in August. In 1795, President Washington appointed Boudinot director of the United States Mint.

But some Congressmen did not favor such a resolution. Irish-born South Carolinian Aedanus Burke (1743-1802) objected to “this mimicking of European customs, where they made a mere mockery of thanksgivings.” Another delegate, Thomas Tudor Tucker (1745-1802), an antiFederalist, insisted that “the House had no business to interfere in a matter which did not concern them.” Moreover, “why should the President direct the people to do what, perhaps, they have no mind to do? They may not be inclined to return thanks for a Constitution until they have experienced that it promotes their safety and happiness.” At this stage, before ratifcation, “we do not yet know but they may have reason to be dissatisfed with the effects it has already produced; but whether this be so or not, it is a business with which Congress have nothing to do.” In essence, Tucker protested, such a proclamation “is a religious matter, and, as such, is proscribed to us. If a day of thanksgiving must take place, let it be done by the authority of the several States.”

But other members, citing biblical precedents and previous resolutions of the Continental Congress, prevailed. The House of Representatives named a committee, consisting of Boudinot, Roger Sherman, and Peter Silvester, to approach President Washington on the subject of a proclamation. The Senate agreed to the resolution on September 26 and appointed William Samuel Johnson and Ralph Izard to a joint committee. On September 28, coincidentally the same day the House of Representatives approved the fnal version of the Bill of Rights and sent it to the president, the Senate committee reported that they had laid the thanksgiving resolution before Washington. On 2 October Washington sent the frst engrossed copies of the Bill of Rights to the states for ratifcation, and the following day, he issued the Thanksgiving proclamation, designating a day of prayer and thanksgiving: “By the President of the United States of America.”

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manuscRiPt of the bill of Rights, 1789. couRtesy of neW yoRk Public libRaRy.

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One of Washington’s most eloquent acknowledgements of a supreme being, expressing gratitude “for the peaceable and rational manner, in which we have been enabled to establish constitutions of government for our safety and happiness, and particularly the national One now lately instituted.”

Coincidentally, the same day that he signed his frst proclamation as President, Washington also sat for his frst presidential portrait. “Sat to Mr. Rammage near two-hours to-day,” he recorded in his diary. Ramage “was drawing a miniature picture of me for Mrs. Washington.” That remarkable portrait sold at Christie’s 19 January 2001, lot 84.

Regardless of what reservations some in Congress may have entertained about the thanksgiving proclamation, the day was widely celebrated throughout the nation. The Virginia assembly, for example, resolved on November 19 that the chaplain “to this House, be accordingly requested to perform divine service, and to preach a sermon in the Capitol, before the General Assembly, suitable to the importance and solemnity of the occasion...” Most newspapers printed the proclamation and announced plans for public observances in honor of the day. Many churches celebrated the occasion by soliciting donations for the destitute.

Washington himself made a charitable donation, directing his secretary, Tobias Lear, to write John Rodgers, pastor of the two Presbyterian churches in New York City. On November 28, Washington’s secretary informed Rodgers: “by direction of the President of the United States I have the pleasure to send you twenty fve dollars to be applied towards relieving the poor of the Presbyterian Churches. A paragraph in the papers mentioned that a contribution would be made for that purpose on Thanksgiving day; as no opportunity offered of doing it at that time, and not knowing into whose hands the money should be lodged which might be given afterwards—The President of the United States has directed me to send it to you, requesting that you will be so good as to put it into the way of answering the charitable purpose for which it is intended.”

Washington enclosed the Thanksgiving Proclamation in his Circular to the Governors of the States, written at New York on October 3, 1789, with the following notice: “I do myself the honor to enclose to your Excellency a Proclamation for a general Thanksgiving which I must request the favor of you to have published and made known in your State in the way and manner that shall be most agreeable to yourself.” Washington himself attended services on November 26 at St. Paul’s Chapel, the same place where he worshipped after his Inauguration in April, and which still stands today in New York City. “Being the day appointed for a Thanksgiving,” Washington recorded in his diary, “I went to St. Paul’s Chapel, though it was most inclement and stormy.” Not many others braved the bitter cold weather.

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“... it is the duty of all Nations to acknowledge the providence of Almighty God, to obey his will, to be grateful for his benefts, and humbly to implore his protection and favor...”

It is worth noting that Washington’s litany of favors granted by the Supreme Being are anything but antiquated or irrelevant; instead, his ideals remain epitomes of civic virtue.

He offers God “our sincere and humble thanks—for his kind care and protection of the People of this Country previous to their becoming a Nation—for the signal and manifold mercies...in the course and conclusion of the late war.” He is also grateful for the “civil and religious liberty with which we are blessed; and the means we have of acquiring and diffusing useful knowledge” and he beseeches God “to render our national government a blessing to all the people, by constantly being a Government of wise, just, and constitutional laws, discreetly and faithfully executed...”

Washington’s 1789 proclamation established the frst federal Thanksgiving Day, and, since it was called to celebrate the setting up of the country’s new form of government, it also established the basic tenets of the Thanksgiving holiday as it is observed today. Washington issued a second and fnal thanksgiving proclamation on his own initiative six years later. Other presidents occasionally followed suit. Then, in March 1863, in the midst of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln proclaimed a day of “national humiliation, fasting, and prayer,” and followed up his initial proclamation six months later with an order that nationalized and standardized America’s day of Thanksgiving as the fourth Thursday in November.

While many presidential proclamations have been issued, very few are of such profound signifcance as this: Washington’s October 3, 1789 proclamation calling for a national day of prayer and thanksgiving. In the course of his two terms as President, Washington issued just over a dozen proclamations. Naturally, Presidential documents of this level of importance are exceptionally rare on the market. this constitutes a unique opportunity to acquire a significant proclamation signed by the first president at the outset of the new nation.

Provenance: Heirs of Grace Phillips Johnson (sale, Christie’s 21 Oct. 1977, lot 2) — an American collector — The present owner.

Text printed in The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series, September 1789-January 1790, ed. Dorothy Twohig. (Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia, 1993), 4:13132.

Christie’s would like to thank Seth Kaller, Inc., for its assistance in the cataloguing of this lot. $8,000,000-12,000,000

oPPosite: chaRles Willson Peale, GeorGe WashinGton at Princeton, 1779 sold at chRistie’s in JanuaRy 2006

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He is thankful “for the peaceable and rational manner, in which we have been enabled to establish constitutions of government for our safety and happiness, and particularly the national One now lately instituted...�

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Gazette of the United states, octobeR 7, 1789. fiRst neWsPaPeR PRinting of the PRoclamation. couRtesy of seth kalleR, inc.

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bRoadside PRinting of the PRoclamation, neW yoRk: childs and sWaine, 1789

Printed edition: Washington’s proclamation was printed in New York by Childs and Swaine, printers to Congress (see Evans, American Imprints, 22211). That extremely rare broadside proclamation survives in a very few institutions: Yale University, Harvard University, Indiana University–Bloomington, the Pierpont Morgan Library and George Washington University (illustrated above).

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William Jackson, President Washington’s Personal Secretary The text of the Proclamation was penned by South Carolinian William Jackson (1759-1828), who served as Washington’s personal secretary from 1789 to 1791, following his post as the offcial secretary of the 1787 Philadelphia Constitutional Convention. Jackson had joined the patriot cause in 1776 and was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in the 1st South Carolina Regiment. He fought at Charleston, and then helped garrison the city. After participating in an ill-fated expedition to Florida, a number of southern regiments were reorganized under the command of General Benjamin Lincoln, a Northerner. In a nod to sectional sensitivities, Jackson was promoted to major as Lincoln’s aide. After Lincoln surrendered at the Siege of Charleston, Jackson became a British prisoner in Philadelphia until a prisoner exchange, upon which he rejoined the Continental Army. He then served as secretary to Washington aide John Laurens, as well as assistant secretary of war under Benjamin Lincoln.

After his service to the Convention and to Washington, Jackson worked as a land agent, customs collector in Philadelphia, newspaper editor, and president of the Society of the Cincinnati.

Jackson also penned the text of the only other known copy, which the Library of Congress acquired at auction in 1921. In the Library of Congress copy, the word “third” in the phrase “third day of October” is accomplished in Washington’s hand. Jackson no doubt left the date blank for completion on the day of signing. In our document, “third” is in Jackson’s hand, suggesting that it was prepared by Jackson and signed by Washington after he signed the Library of Congress example.

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Jennie a. bRoWnscombe, the first thanksGivinG at PlymoUth, 1914

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The First Pilgrim Thanksgiving Few details are known about the Pilgrim Thanksgiving of 1621—which Americans commonly regard as the “frst Thanksgiving.” We know that it emerged as an expression of thanks to God and even more directly to the Wampanoag Indians for their life-saving assistance through the horrible frst winter of the settlement, in which 46 of the 102 Pilgrims died. The Wampanoags, especially Squanto, told them the best place to plant crops and showed them the most fertile hunting and fshing grounds. By the fall of 1621, food and game abounded and some 50 English and 90 Wampanoag gathered for a three-day festival of food and sport. The food consisted of fowl, deer, corn and pumpkin, prepared by four of the English women, with two teenage helpers.

One participant, Edward Winslow, left this account: “Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, that so we might after a special manner rejoice together after we had gathered the fruits of our labor....At which time, amongst other recreations, we exercised our arms, many of the Indians coming amongst us, and among the rest their greatest king Massasoit, with some ninety men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted, and they went out and killed fve deer, which we brought to the plantation and bestowed on our governor, and upon the captain and others. And although it be not always so plentiful as it was at this time with us, yet by the goodness of God, we are so far from want that we often wish you partakers of our plenty.”

The story of the Pilgrim Thanksgiving has prompted its share of debunkers over the years, who like to point out that it was not the “frst.” English settlers in Virginia held a Thanksgiving in 1610; French Huguenots conducted a Thanksgiving in Florida in May 1564; and the newly arrived conquistador, Pedro Menendez de Aviles, shared a thanksgiving feast with the Timucua Indians on September 8, 1565 in what is now St. Augustine, Florida. Texans enjoy pointing out the stone marker in their state that reads “Feast of the First Thanksgiving - 1541.”

The public act of Thanksgiving, of course, has a long history, in Europe and in America. Some of Washington’s successors, notably Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams did not issue any Thanksgiving proclamations, viewing it as a transgression of the boundary between church and state. But the holiday was instantly popular among the American people, and the various state governors consistently marked the day until Abraham Lincoln fxed the Federal holiday in 1863.

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Lincoln Proclaims a Uniform Thanksgiving Holiday While Washington’s Proclamation created the frst United States Thanksgiving holiday, Abraham Lincoln brought order to the various state observances and created a uniform Federal holiday.

The November observance that Washington inaugurated proved very popular among Americans—who sometimes referred to it as the American Festival Day. But different states observed it on different days. The impetus for designating a uniform Federal holiday came from a determined writer, editor and reformer, Sarah Josepha Hale (1788-1879), the author of the poem, “Mary Had a Little Lamb.”

Since 1848 Hale had been using the pages of The Ladies Magazine to push the idea of “the establishment and universal observance of one general Christian festival of Thanksgiving on the same day of the year.” She envisioned the holiday being celebrated throughout the world, not just in America. “The storms of war would be hushed, and the strifes of factions, parties and sects forgotten for a time.” All hearts would be “united in one sentiment of gratitude to the divine Father of Humanity.”

On September 28, 1863 she wrote Lincoln, requesting “a few minutes of your precious time” to press her case for having “the day of our annual Thanksgiving made a National and fxed Union Festival. You may have observed that, for some years past, there has been an increasing interest felt in our land to have the Thanksgiving held on the same day, in all the States; it now needs National recognition and authoritative fxation, only, to become permanently, an American custom and institution.” Lincoln agreed. He issued a proclamation on October 3, 1863—as fate would have it, the same day on which Washington signed the present proclamation in 1789—in which he called on “my fellow citizens in every part of the United States, and also those who are at sea and those who are sojourning in foreign lands, to set apart and observe the last Thursday of November next, as a day of Thanksgiving and Praise to our benefcent Father who dwelleth in the heavens.”

In 1939, in a bid to boost the national economy during the Great Depression and expand the Christmas shopping season, F.D.R. moved the holiday to the third Thursday in November. But that reintroduced the problem Sarah Hale and Abraham Lincoln had corrected: some states adopted FDR’s new date, others did not. To end the confusion, Congress in 1941 fxed the fourth Thursday in November as the Thanksgiving holiday. There it has remained ever since.

oPPosite: noRman RockWell, freedom from Want, satUrday eveninG Post, maRch 6, 1943. couRtesy of cuRtis Publishing.

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Important Notices and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice IMPORTANT NOTICES CHRISTIE’S INTEREST IN PROPERTY CONSIGNED FOR AUCTION From time to time, Christie’s may offer a lot which it owns in whole or in part. Such property is identified in the catalogue with the symbol ∆ next to its lot number.

On occasion, Christie’s has a direct financial interest in lots consigned for sale, which may include guaranteeing a minimum price or making an advance to the consignor that is secured solely by consigned property. Such property is identified in the catalogue with the symbol º next to the lot number. This symbol will be used both in cases where Christie’s holds the financial interest on its own, and in cases where Christie’s has financed all or part of such interest through third parties. When a third party agrees to finance all or part of Christie’s interest in a lot, it takes on all or part of the risk of the lot not being sold, and will be remunerated in exchange for accepting this risk. The third party may also bid for the lot. Where it does so, and is the successful bidder, the remuneration may be netted against the final purchase price. If the lot is not sold, the third party may incur a loss. Where Christie’s has an ownership or financial interest in every lot in the catalogue, Christie’s will not designate each lot with a symbol, but will state its interest at the front of the catalogue.

In this catalogue, if property has u next to the lot number, Christie’s guarantee of a minimum price has been financed through third parties.

º

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE APPROXIMATE CONDITION REPORTS Christie’s catalogues include references to condition only in descriptions of multiple works (such as prints, books and wine). Please contact the Specialist Department for a condition report on a particular lot.

Condition reports are provided as a service to interested clients. Prospective buyers should note that descriptions of property are not warranties and that each lot is sold “as is.”

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PROPERTY INCORPORATING MATERIALS FROM ENDANGERED AND OTHER PROTECTED SPECIES Property made of or incorporating (irrespective of percentage) endangered and other protected species of wildlife are marked with the symbol ~ in the catalogue. Such material includes, among other things, ivory, tortoiseshell, crocodile skin, rhinoceros horn, whale bone and certain species of coral, together with Brazilian rosewood. Prospective purchasers are advised that several countries prohibit altogether the importation of property containing such materials, and that other countries require a permit (e.g., a CITES permit) from the relevant regulatory agencies in the countries of exportation as well as importation. Accordingly, clients should familiarize themselves with the relevant customs laws and regulations prior to bidding on any property with wildlife material if they intend to import the property into another country. For example, the U.S. generally prohibits the importation of articles containing species that it has designated as endangered or threatened if those articles are less than 100 years old.

Please note that it is the client’s responsibility to determine and satisfy the requirements of any applicable laws or regulations applying to the export or import of property containing endangered and other protected wildlife material. The inability of a client to export or import property containing endangered and other protected wildlife material is not a basis for cancellation or rescission of the sale. Please note also that lots containing potentially regulated wildlife material are marked as a convenience to our clients, but Christie’s does not accept liability for errors or for failing to mark lots containing protected or regulated species.

NOTICE REGARDING RETURNS Lots containing more than one title, letter or manuscipt are sold not subject to return.

NOTICE REGARDING ALL FRAMED ITEMS All framed items are unexamined out of frames and are sold not subject to return NOTICE REGARDING QUANTITY COUNTS Quantity counts on all lots containing 25 or more items are approximate only and therefore not subject to return due to count discrepancies.

NOTICE REGARDING SETS All sets are sold as collections of bindings and are sold not subject to return.

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Buying at Christie’s CONDITIONS OF SALE Christie’s Conditions of Sale and Limited Warranty are set out later in this catalogue. Bidders are strongly encouraged to read these as they set out the terms on which property is bought at auction.

ESTIMATES Estimates are based upon prices recently paid at auction for comparable property, condition, rarity, quality and provenance. Estimates are subject to revision. Buyers should not rely upon estimates as a representation or prediction of actual selling prices.

Estimates do not include the buyer’s premium or VAT. Where “Estimate on Request” appears, please contact the Specialist Department for further information.

RESERVES The reserve is the confidential minimum price the consignor will accept and will not exceed the low pre-sale estimate. Lots that are not subject to a reserve are identified by the symbol • next to the lot number.

BUYER’S PREMIUM Christie’s charges a premium to the buyer on the final bid price of each lot sold at the following rates: 25% of the final bid price of each lot up to and including $100,000, 20% of the excess of the hammer price above $100,000 and up to and including $2,000,000 and 12% of the excess of the hammer price above $2,000,000.

Exceptions: Wine: 22.5% of the final bid price of each lot sold.

For all lots, taxes are payable on the premium at the applicable rate.

PRE-AUCTION VIEWING Pre-auction viewings are open to the public free of charge. Christie’s specialists are available to give advice and condition reports at viewings or by appointment.

BIDDER REGISTRATION Prospective buyers who have not previously bid or consigned with Christie’s should bring: • Individuals: government-issued photo identification (such as a driving license, national identity card, or passport) and, if not shown on the ID document, proof of current address, for example a utility bill or bank statement.

• Corporate clients: a certificate of incorporation.

• For other business structures such as trusts, offshore companies or partnerships, please contact Christie’s Credit Department at +1 212 636 2490 for advice on the information you should supply.

• A financial reference in the form of a recent bank statement or letter of reference from your bank is required. A deposit may be required at Christie’s discretion dependent upon your financial reference, payment history or other factors.

• Persons registering to bid on behalf of someone who has not previously bid or consigned with Christie’s should bring identification documents not only for themselves but also for the party on whose behalf they are bidding, together with a signed letter of authorization from that party.

To allow sufficient time to process the information, new clients are encouraged to register at least 48 hours in advance of a sale.

Prospective buyers should register for a numbered bidding paddle at least 30 minutes before the sale.

Clients who have not made a purchase from any Christie’s office within the last year and those wishing to spend more than on previous occasions, will be asked to supply a new bank reference to register.

For assistance with references, please contact Christie’s Credit Department at +1 212 636 2490 or by fax at +1 212 636 4943.

REGISTERING TO BID ON SOMEONE ELSE’S BEHALF Persons bidding on behalf of an existing client should bring a signed letter from the client authorizing the bidder to act on the client’s behalf.

Please note that Christie’s does not accept payments from third parties. Christie’s can only accept payment from the client, and not from the person bidding on their behalf.

BIDDING The auctioneer accepts bids from those present in the saleroom, from telephone bidders, or by absentee written bids left with Christie’s in advance of the auction. The auctioneer may also execute bids on behalf of the seller up to the amount of the reserve. The auctioneer will not specifically identify bids placed on behalf of the seller. Under no circumstances will the auctioneer place any bid on behalf of the seller at or above the reserve. Bid steps are shown on the Absentee Bid Form at the back of this catalogue.

ABSENTEE BIDS Christie’s staff will attempt to execute an absentee bid at the lowest possible price, taking into account the reserve price. Absentee bids submitted on “no reserve” lots will, in the absence of a higher bid, be executed at approximately 50% of the low pre sale estimate or at the amount of the bid if it is less than 50% of the low pre-sale estimate. The auctioneer may execute absentee bids directly from the rostrum, clearly identifying these as “absentee bids,” “book bids,” “order bids” or “commission bids.”

Absentee Bids Forms are available in this catalogue, at any Christie’s location or online at christies.com.

TELEPHONE BIDS Telephone bids will be accepted for lots with lowend estimates of $1,500 and above, no later than 24 hours prior to the sale and only if the capacity of our pool of staff phone bidders allows. Arrangements to bid in languages other than English must be made well in advance of the sale date.

Telephone bids may be recorded. By bidding on the telephone, prospective purchasers consent to the recording of their conversations.

Christie’s offers all absentee and telephone bidding services as a convenience to our clients, but will not be responsible for errors or failures to execute bids.

SUCCESSFUL BIDS While invoices are sent out by mail after the auction, we do not accept responsibility for notifying you of the result of your bids. Buyers are requested to contact us by telephone or in person as soon as possible after the sale to obtain details of the outcome of their bids to avoid incurring unnecessary storage charges. Successful bidders will pay the price of the final bid plus premium plus any applicable taxes.

PAYMENT Buyers are expected to make payment for purchases immediately after the auction. To avoid delivery delays, prospective buyers are encouraged to supply bank or other suitable references before the auction.

Please note that Christie’s will not accept payments for purchased Lots from any party other than the registered buyer.

Lots purchased in New York may be paid for in the following ways: wire transfer, credit card (up to $50,000), bank checks, checks and cash, money orders or travellers checks (up to $7,500 combined total, subject to conditions) Wire transfer: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. 270 Park Avenue New York, NY 10017 ABA# 021000021 FBO: Christie’s Inc. Account # 957-107978, for international transfers, SWIFT: CHASUS33.

Credit cards: Visa, MasterCard, American Express and China UnionPay a limit of $50,000 for credit card payment will apply. This limit is inclusive of the buyer’s premium and any applicable taxes.

Credit card payments at the NY sale site will only be accepted for NY sales. Christie’s will not accept credit card payments for purchases in any other sale site.

The fax number to send completed CNP (Card Member not Present) authorization forms to is +1 212 636 4939. Alternatively, clients can mail the authorization form to the address below.

Cash, Money Orders or Travellers Checks is limited to $7,500 (subject to conditions).

Bank Checks should be made payable to Christie’s (subject to conditions).

Checks should be made payable to Christie’s.

Checks must be drawn on a US bank and payable in US dollars. In order to process your payment efficiently, please quote sale number, invoice number and client number with all transactions.

All mailed payments should be sent to: Christie’s Inc. Cashiers’ Department, 20 Rockefeller Center, New York, NY 10020.

Please direct all inquiries to the Cashiers’ Office Tel: +1 212 636 2495 Fax +1 212 636 4939 Please note that Christie’s will not accept payments for purchased Lots from any party other than the registered buyer.

Payment in full must be received in good, cleared funds before the property will be released.

SALES TAX Purchases picked up in New York or delivered to locations in California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island or Texas may be subject to sales or compensating use tax of such jurisdiction.

It is the buyer’s responsibility to ascertain and pay all taxes due. Buyers claiming exemption from sales tax must have the appropriate documentation on file with Christie’s prior to the release of the property.

For more information, please contact Purchaser Payments at +1 212 636 2496.

COLLECTION OF PURCHASED LOTS Buyers are expected to remove their property within 7 calendar days of the auction. Please consult the Lot Collection Notice for collection information for purchased lots. This sheet is available from the Bidder Registration staff, Purchaser Payments or the Packing Desk.

SHIPPING A shipping form is enclosed with each invoice. It is the buyer’s responsibility to pick up purchases or make all shipping arrangements. After payment has been made in full, Christie’s can arrange property packing and shipping at the buyer’s request and expense. Where Christie’s arranges and bills for such services via invoice or credit card, an administration charge will apply. We recommend that buyers request an estimate for any large items or property of high value that require professional packing. For more information please contact the Art Transport Department at +1 212 636 2480.

We regret that Christie’s staff will not accommodate requests to roll canvases sold on stretchers.

EXPORT/IMPORT PERMITS Property sold at auction may be subject to laws governing export from the US and import restrictions of foreign countries. Buyers should always check whether an export license is required before exporting. It is the buyer’s sole responsibility to obtain any relevant export or import license.

The denial of any license or any delay in obtaining licenses shall neither justify the rescission of any sale nor any delay in making full payment for the lot.

Upon request, Christie’s will assist the buyer in submitting applications to obtain the appropriate licenses. However, Christie’s cannot ensure that a license will be obtained. Local laws may prohibit the import of some property and/or may prohibit the resale of some property in the country of importation, no such restriction shall justify the rescission of any sale or delay in making full payment for the lot. If a license is obtained on a buyer’s behalf, a minimum fee of $150 per item will be charged. For more information, please contact the Art Transport Department at +1 212 636 2480.

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Handling and Collection HANDLING AND COLLECTION All lots will be handled free of charge for 35 days from the auction date at Christie’s Rockefeller Center or Redstone handling facility.

Operation hours for collection from either location are from 9.30 am to 5.00 pm, Monday-Friday. (Lots may not be collected during the day of their move to Christie’s Redstone in Long Island City.) Please consult the Lot Collection Notice for collection information. This sheet is available from the Bidder Registration staff, Purchaser Payments or the Packing Desk and will be sent with your invoice.

ADMINISTRATION AND HANDLING CHARGES Failure to collect your property within 35 calendar days of the auction date from any Christie’s location, will result in handling and administration charges plus any applicable sales taxes.

Lots will not be released until all outstanding charges due to Christie’s are paid in full. Please contact Christie’s Client Service Center on +1 212 636 2000.

Charges

All Property

Administration (per lot, due on Day 36) Handling (per lot/day, beginning Day 36)

$150.00 $12.00

Property can be transferred to Christie’s Fine Art Storage Services (CFASS) New York at any time for environmentally controlled long term storage, per client request.

CFASS is a separate subsidiary of Christie’s and clients enjoy complete confidentiality.

Contact CFASS New York for details: Tel: + 1 212 974 4570, newyork@cfass.com

STREET MAP OF CHRISTIE’S NEW YORK LOCATIONS

Christie’s Rockefeller Center 20 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 10020 Tel: +1 212 636 2000 nycollections@christies.com Main Entrance on 49th Street Receiving/Shipping Entrance on 48th Street Hours: 9.30 am - 5.00 pm Monday-Friday except Public Holidays

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Christie’s Redstone Post-Sale 32-23 48th Avenue Long Island City, NY 11101 Tel: +1 212 974 4500 nycollections@christies.com Main Entrance on 48th Avenue Receiving/Shipping Entrance on 48th Avenue Hours: 9.30 am - 5.00 pm Monday-Friday except Public Holidays

Christie’s Specialist Departments and Services DEPARTMENTS AFRICAN AND OCEANIC ART PAR: +33 (0)140 768 386 NY: +1 212 484 4898

COSTUME, TEXTILES AND FANS SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3215

OLD MASTER DRAWINGS NY: +1 212 636 2120

ENTERTAINMENT MEMORABILIA SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3281

OLD MASTER PAINTINGS AND 19TH CENTURY EUROPEAN ART NY: +1 212 636 2120

AMERICAN DECORATIVE ARTS NY: +1 212 636 2230

FOLK ART NY: +1 212 636 2230

PHOTOGRAPHS NY: +1 212 636 2330

AMERICAN FURNITURE NY: +1 212 636 2230

FURNITURE NY: +1 212 636 2200

PICTURE FRAMES SK: +44 (0)20 7389 2763

AMERICAN ART NY: +1 212 636 2140

HOUSE SALES SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3260

POST WAR AND CONTEMPORARY ART NY: +1 212 636 2100

ANGLO-INDIAN ART KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2570

ICONS SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3261

ANTIQUITIES NY: +1 212 636 2245

IMPRESSIONIST AND MODERN ART NY: +1 212 636 2050

PRINTS NY: +1 212 636 2290

ASIAN 20TH CENTURY AND CONTEMPORARY ART NY: +1 212 468 7133

INDIAN AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN ART NY: +1 212 636 2190

RUSSIAN WORKS OF ART NY: +1 212 636 2260

INDIAN CONTEMPORARY ART NY: +1 212 636 2190 KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2700

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3286

AUSTRALIAN PICTURES KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2040 BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS NY: +1 212 636 2665 BRITISH & IRISH ART KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2682 NY: +1 212 636 2120 SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3257 BRITISH ART ON PAPER KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2278 SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3293 NY: +1 212 636 2120 BRITISH PICTURES 1500-1850 KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2945 CARPETS NY: +1 212 636 2217 CERAMICS AND GLASS NY: +1 212 636 2215 CHINESE PAINTINGS NY: +1 212 636 2195 CHINESE WORKS OF ART NY: +1 212 636 2180 CLOCKS KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2357 CORKSCREWS SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3263

INTERIORS NY: +1 212 636 2032 SK: +44 (0)20 7389 2236 ISLAMIC WORKS OF ART KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2370 SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3239 JAPANESE ART NY: +1 212 636 2160 KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2595 JEWELLERY NY: +1 212 636 2300 KOREAN ART NY: +1 212 636 2165 LATIN AMERICAN ART NY: +1 212 636 2150 MINIATURES NY: +1 212 636 2250 MODERN DESIGN SK: +44 (0)20 7389 2142 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NY: +1 212 636 2000 NINETEENTH CENTURY FURNITURE AND SCULPTURE NY: +1 212 707 5910 OBJECTS OF VERTU NY: +1 212 636 2250

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POSTERS SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3208

SCULPTURE KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2331 SK: +44 (0)20 7389 2794 SILVER NY: +1 212 636 2250 TOPOGRAPHICAL PICTURES KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2040 SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3291 TWENTIETH CENTURY DECORATIVE ART AND DESIGN NY: +1 212 636 2240 VICTORIAN PICTURES KS: +44 (0)20 7389 2468 SK: +44 (0)20 7752 3257 WATCHES NY: +1 212 636 2320

AUCTION SERVICES CHRISTIE’S AUCTION ESTIMATES Tel: +1 212 492 5485 Fax: +1 212 636 4930 www.christies.com CORPORATE COLLECTIONS Tel: +1 212 636 2901 Fax: +1 212 636 4929 Email: celkies@christies.com ESTATES AND APPRAISALS Tel: +1 212 636 2400 Fax: +1 212 636 2370 Email: info@christies.com MUSEUM SERVICES Tel: +1 212 636 2620 Fax: +1 212 636 4931 Email: awhiting@christies.com

OTHER SERVICES CHRISTIE’S EDUCATION New York Tel: +1 212 355 1501 Fax: +1 212 355 7370 Email: christieseducation@ christies.edu Hong Kong Tel: +852 2978 6747 Fax: +852 2525 3856 Email: hkcourse@christies.com

CHRISTIE’S INTERNATIONAL REAL ESTATE New York Tel: +1 212 468 7182 Fax: +1 212 468 7141 Email: info@christiesrealestate.com London Tel: +44 (0)20 7389 2551 Fax: +44 (0)20 7389 2168 Email: info@christiesrealestate.com Hong Kong Tel: +852 2978 6788 Fax: +852 2845 2646 Email: info@christiesrealestate.com CHRISTIE’S FINE ART STORAGE SERVICES London +44 (0)20 7622 0609 london@cfass.com New York +1 212 974 4579 newyork@cfass.com Singapore Tel: +65 6543 5252 Email: singapore@cfass.com CHRISTIE’S REDSTONE Tel: +1 212 974 4500

London Tel: +44 (0)20 7665 4350 Fax: +44 (0)20 7665 4351 Email: education@christies.com Paris Tel: +33 (0)1 42 25 10 90 Fax: +33 (0)1 42 25 10 91 Email: ChristiesEducationParis@ christies.com

WINE NY: +1 212 636 2270

KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS:

KS: London, King Street NY: New York, Rockefeller Plaza PAR: Paris SK: London, South Kensington

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Conditions of Sale for Books and Manuscripts These Conditions of Sale and the Important Notices and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice contain all the terms on which Christie’s and the seller contract with the buyer. They may be amended by posted notices or oral announcements made during the sale. By bidding at auction you agree to be bound by these terms.

buyer’s premium and all applicable taxes, plus all other applicable charges, unless it has been explicitly agreed in writing with Christie’s before the commencement of the sale that the bidder is acting as agent on behalf of an identified third party acceptable to Christie’s, and that Christie’s will only look to the principal for payment.

1. CHRISTIE’S AS AGENT Except as otherwise stated Christie’s acts as agent for the seller. The contract for the sale of the property is therefore made between the seller and the buyer.

(d) Absentee bids We will use reasonable efforts to carry out written bids delivered to us prior to the sale for the convenience of clients who are not present at the auction in person, by an agent or by telephone. Bids must be placed in the currency of the place of the sale. Please refer to the catalogue for the Absentee Bids Form. If we receive written bids on a particular lot for identical amounts, and at the auction these are the highest bids on the lot, it will be sold to the person whose written bid was received and accepted first. Execution of written bids is a free service undertaken subject to other commitments at the time of the sale and we do not accept liability for failing to execute a written bid or for errors and omissions in connection with it.

2. BEFORE THE SALE (a) Examination of property Prospective buyers are strongly advised to examine personally any property in which they are interested, before the auction takes place. Condition reports are usually available on request. Neither Christie’s nor the seller provides any guarantee in relation to the nature of the property apart from the Limited Warranty in paragraph 6 below. The property is otherwise sold “as is.”

Our cataloguing practice is explained in the Important Notices and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice after the catalogue entries. All statements by us in the catalogue entry for the property or in the condition report, or made orally or in writing elsewhere, are statements of opinion and are not to be relied on as statements of fact. Such statements do not constitute a representation, warranty or assumption of liability by us of any kind. References in the catalogue entry or the condition report to damage or restoration are for guidance only and should be evaluated by personal inspection by the bidder or a knowledgeable representative. The absence of such a reference does not imply that an item is free from defects or restoration, nor does a reference to particular defects imply the absence of any others. Estimates of the selling price should not be relied on as a statement that this is the price at which the item will sell or its value for any other purpose. Except as set forth in paragraph 6 below, neither Christie’s nor the seller is responsible in any way for errors and omissions in the catalogue or any supplemental material. (c) Buyer’s responsibility Except as stated in the Limited Warranty in paragraph 6 below, all property is sold “as is” without any representation or warranty of any kind

by Christie’s or the seller. Buyers are responsible for satisfying themselves concerning the condition of the property and the matters referred to in the catalogue entry.

3. AT THE SALE (a) Refusal of admission Christie’s has the right, at our complete discretion, to refuse admission to the premises or participation in any auction and to reject any bid. (b) Registration before bidding Prospective buyers who wish to bid in the saleroom can register online in advance of the sale, or can come to the saleroom on the day of the sale, approximately 30 minutes before the start of the sale to register in person. A prospective buyer must complete and sign a registration form and provide identification before bidding. We may require the production of bank or other financial references. (c) Bidding as principal When making a bid, a bidder is accepting personal liability to pay the purchase price, including the

(e) Telephone bids Telephone bids will be accepted for lots with lowend estimates of $1,500 and above, no later than 24 hours prior to the sale and only if the capacity of our pool of staff phone bidders allows. Arrangements to bid in languages other than English must be made well in advance of the sale date.

Telephone bids may be recorded. By bidding on the telephone, prospective purchasers consent to the recording of their conversations.

Christie’s offers all absentee and telephone bidding services as a convenience to our clients, but will not be responsible for errors or failures to execute bids. (f) Currency converter At some auctions a currency converter may be operated. Errors may occur in the operation of the currency converter and we do not accept liability to bidders who follow the currency converter rather than the actual bidding in the saleroom. (g) Video or digital images At some auctions there may be a video or digital screen. Errors may occur in its operation and in the quality of the image and we do not accept liability for such errors. (h) Reserves Unless otherwise indicated, all lots are offered subject to a reserve, which is the confidential minimum price below which the lot will not be sold. The reserve will not exceed the low estimate printed in the catalogue. If any lots are not subject to a reserve, they will be identified with the symbol • next to the lot number. The auctioneer may open the bidding on any lot below the reserve by placing a bid on behalf of the seller. The auctioneer may continue to bid on behalf of the seller up to the amount of the reserve, either by placing consecutive bids or by placing bids in response to other bidders. With respect to lots that are offered without reserve, unless there are already competing bids, the auctioneer, in his or her discretion, will generally open the bidding at 50% of the low presale estimate for the lot. In the absence of a bid at that level, the auctioneer will proceed backwards at his or her discretion until a bid is recognized, and then continue up from that amount. Absentee bids will, in the absence of a higher bid, be executed at approximately 50% of the low pre-sale estimate or at the amount of the bid if it is less than 50% of the low

pre-sale estimate. In the event that there is no bid on a lot, the auctioneer may deem such lot unsold. (i) Auctioneer’s discretion The auctioneer has the right at his absolute and sole discretion to refuse any bid, to advance the bidding in such a manner as he may decide, to withdraw or divide any lot, to combine any two or more lots and, in the case of error or dispute, and whether during or after the sale, to determine the successful bidder, to continue the bidding, to cancel the sale or to reoffer and resell the item in dispute. If any dispute arises after the sale, our sale record is conclusive. (j) Successful bid and passing of risk Subject to the auctioneer’s discretion, the highest bidder accepted by the auctioneer will be the buyer and the striking of his hammer marks the acceptance of the highest bid and the conclusion of a contract for sale between the seller and the buyer. Risk and responsibility for the lot (including frames or glass where relevant) passes to the buyer at the expiration of seven calendar days from the date of the sale or on collection by the buyer if earlier.

4. AFTER THE SALE (a) Buyer’s premium In addition to the hammer price, the buyer agrees to pay to us the buyer’s premium together with any applicable value added tax, sales or compensating use tax or equivalent tax in the place of sale. The buyer’s premium is 25% of the final bid price of each lot up to and including $100,000, 20% of the excess of the hammer price above $100,000 and up to and including $2,000,000 and 12% of the excess of the hammer price above $2,000,000. (b) Payment and passing of title Immediately following the sale, the buyer must provide us with his or her name and permanent address and, if so requested, details of the bank from which payment will be made. The buyer must pay the full amount due (comprising the hammer price, buyer’s premium and any applicable taxes) not later than 4.30pm on the seventh calendar day following the sale. This applies even if the buyer wishes to export the lot and an export license is, or may be, required. The buyer will not acquire title to the lot until all amounts due to us from the buyer have been received by us in good cleared funds even in circumstances where we have released the lot to the buyer. (c) Collection of purchases We shall be entitled to retain items sold until all amounts due to us, or to Christie’s International plc, or to any of its affiliates, subsidiaries or parent companies worldwide, have been received in full in good cleared funds or until the buyer has satisfied such other terms as we, in our sole discretion, shall require, including, for the avoidance of doubt, completing any anti-money laundering or antiterrorism financing checks we may require to our satisfaction. In the event a buyer fails to complete any anti-money laundering or anti-terrorism financing checks to our satisfaction, Christie’s shall be entitled to cancel the sale and to take any other actions that are required or permitted under applicable law. Subject to this, the buyer shall collect purchased lots within seven calendar days from the date of the sale unless otherwise agreed between us and the buyer. (d) Packing, handling and shipping Although we shall use reasonable efforts to take care when handling, packing and shipping a purchased lot, we are not responsible for the acts or omissions

of third parties whom we might retain for these purposes. Similarly, where we may suggest other handlers, packers or carriers if so requested, we do not accept responsibility or liability for their acts or omissions. (e) Export licence Unless otherwise agreed by us in writing, the fact that the buyer wishes to apply for an export license does not affect his or her obligation to make payment within seven days nor our right to charge interest or storage charges on late payment. If the buyer requests us to apply for an export license on his or her behalf, we shall be entitled to make a charge for this service. We shall not be obliged to rescind a sale nor to refund any interest or other expenses incurred by the buyer where payment is made by the buyer in circumstances where an export license is required.

well as for all costs, expenses, damages, legal fees and commissions and premiums of whatever kind associated with both sales or otherwise arising from the default. If we pay any amount to the seller under paragraph (v) above, the buyer acknowledges that Christie’s shall have all of the rights of the seller, however arising, to pursue the buyer for such amount. (g) Failure to collect purchases Where purchases are not collected within 35 calendar days from the date of the sale, whether or not payment has been made, we shall be permitted to transfer the property to our Long Island City facility at the buyer’s expense, and only release the items after payment in full has been made of transportation, administration, handling, insurance and any other costs incurred, together with payment of all other amounts due to us or our affiliates.

(f) Remedies for non payment If the buyer fails to make payment in full in good cleared funds within the time required by paragraph 4(b) above, we shall be entitled at our absolute discretion to exercise one or more of the following rights or remedies (in addition to asserting any other rights or remedies available to us by law):

(h) Selling Property at Christie’s In addition to expenses such as transport and insurance, all consignors pay a commission according to a fixed scale of charges based upon the value of the property sold by the consignor at Christie’s in a calendar year. Commissions are charged on a sale by sale basis.

(i)

5. EXTENT OF CHRISTIE’S LIABILITY We agree to refund the purchase price in the circumstances of the Limited Warranty set out in paragraph 6 below. Apart from that, neither the seller nor we, nor any of our officers, employees or agents, are responsible for the correctness of any statement of whatever kind concerning any lot, whether written or oral, nor for any other errors or omissions in description or for any faults or defects in any lot. Except as stated in paragraph 6 below, neither the seller, ourselves, our officers, employees or agents, give any representation, warranty or guarantee or assume any liability of any kind in respect of any lot with regard to merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, description, size, quality, condition, attribution, authenticity, rarity, importance, medium, provenance, exhibition history, literature or historical relevance. Except as required by local law any warranty of any kind whatsoever is excluded by this paragraph.

to charge interest at such rate as we shall reasonably decide; (ii) to hold the defaulting buyer liable for the total amount due and to commence legal proceedings for its recovery together with interest, legal fees and costs to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law; (iii) to cancel the sale; (iv) to resell the property publicly or privately on such terms as we shall think fit; (v) to pay the seller an amount up to the net proceeds payable in respect of the amount bid by the defaulting buyer; (vi) to set off against any amounts which we, or Christie’s International plc, or any of its affiliates, subsidiaries or parent companies worldwide, may owe the buyer in any other transactions, the outstanding amount remaining unpaid by the buyer; (vii) where several amounts are owed by the buyer to us, or to Christie’s International plc, or to any of its affiliates, subsidiaries or parent companies worldwide, in respect of different transactions, to apply any amount paid to discharge any amount owed in respect of any particular transaction, whether or not the buyer so directs; (viii) to reject at any future auction any bids made by or on behalf of the buyer or to obtain a deposit from the buyer before accepting any bids; (ix) to exercise all the rights and remedies of a person holding security over any property in our possession owned by the buyer, whether by way of pledge, security interest or in any other way, to the fullest extent permitted by the law of the place where such property is located. The buyer will be deemed to have granted such security to us and we may retain such property as collateral security for such buyer’s obligations to us; (x) to take such other action as we deem necessary or appropriate.

If we resell the property under paragraph (iv) above, the defaulting buyer shall be liable for payment of any deficiency between the total amount originally due to us and the price obtained upon resale as

6. LIMITED WARRANTY Subject to the terms and conditions of this paragraph, Christie’s warrants for a period of five years from the date of the sale that any property described in headings printed in UPPER CASE TYPE (i.e. headings having all capital-letter type) in this catalogue (as such description may be amended by any saleroom notice or announcement) which is stated without qualification to be the work of a named author or authorship, is authentic and not a forgery. The term “author” or “authorship” refers to the creator of the property or to the period, culture, source or origin, as the case may be, with which the creation of such property is identified in the UPPER CASE description of the property in this catalogue. Only UPPER CASE TYPE headings of lots in this catalogue indicate what is being warranted by Christie’s. Christie’s warranty does not apply to supplemental material which appears below the UPPER CASE TYPE headings of each lot and Christie’s is not responsible for any errors or omissions in such material. The terms used in the headings are further explained in Important Notices and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice. The warranty does not apply to any heading which is stated to represent a qualified opinion. The warranty is subject to the following:

(i)

(ii)

(iii) (iv)

(v)

(vi)

It does not apply where (a) the catalogue description or saleroom notice corresponded to the generally accepted opinion of scholars or experts at the date of the sale or fairly indicated that there was a conflict of opinions; or (b) correct identification of a lot can be demonstrated only by means of either a scientific process not generally accepted for use until after publication of the catalogue or a process which at the date of publication of the catalogue was unreasonably expensive or impractical or likely to have caused damage to the property.

The benefits of the warranty are not assignable and shall apply only to the original buyer of the lot as shown on the invoice originally issued by Christie’s when the lot was sold at auction.

The original buyer must have remained the owner of the lot without disposing of any interest in it to any third party.

The buyer’s sole and exclusive remedy against Christie’s and the seller, in place of any other remedy which might be available, is the cancellation of the sale and the refund of the original purchase price paid for the lot.

Neither Christie’s nor the seller will be liable for any special, incidental or consequential damages including, without limitation, loss of profits nor for interest.

The buyer must give written notice of claim to us within five years from the date of the auction. It is Christie’s general policy, and Christie’s shall have the right, to require the buyer to obtain the written opinions of two recognized experts in the field, mutually acceptable to Christie’s and the buyer, before Christie’s decides whether or not to cancel the sale under the warranty.

The buyer must return the lot to the Christie’s saleroom at which it was purchased in the same condition as at the time of the sale.

Christie’s warrants the authenticity of authorship on the terms and conditions and to the extent set forth herein. Subject to the provisions hereof, Christie’s warrants for a period of five years from the date of sale, the authenticity of the authorship of each book and manuscript and the signature of all autographed material offered for sale, unless otherwise indicated in the catalogue description or unless physical inspection would reveal a self-evident lack of authenticity.

The term “authorship” refers to the creator of a signature, book or manuscript or to the period, culture, source or origin, as the case may be, with which the creation of a book or manuscript is identified in the description of the article in this catalogue. Christie’s warranty does not apply to the descriptive or supplemental information set forth in the catalogue entry for each lot, and Christie’s shall not be responsible for any errors or omissions therein.

Christie’s warrants to the original buyer of record for a period of twenty-one days from the date of sale that any book or manuscript described in this catalogue is complete in text and illustrations, unless otherwise described. This warranty does not cover binding damages or restoration, stains or foxing, wormholes, short leaves of text or plates or any defect which does not affect the completeness of the text. Nor does this warranty extend to the omission of inserted advertisements, blank leaves, cancels or subsequently published volumes, plate supplements or appendices, atlases, extra-illustrated books, books in original parts, serial publications, items grouped in lots or lots which are described as “sold not subject to return” for any reason whatsoever.

15/02/13

If this catalogue has a Glossary, certain of the terms used in the catalogue are further explained therein.

Any term that is stated in the Glossary to represent a qualified opinion is not subject to the warranty contained herein.

The benefits of this warranty are not assignable and shall be applicable only to the original buyer of the lot and not subsequent assigns, purchasers, heirs, owners or others who have or may acquire an interest in the purchased lot. This warranty is conditioned upon the buyer returning the lot in the same condition as at the time of sale.

The buyer’s sole remedy under this warranty shall be the rescission of the sale and the refund of the original purchase price paid for the property. This remedy shall be exclusive and in lieu of any other remedy which might otherwise be available to the buyer as a matter of law, and neither Christie’s nor the consignor shall be liable for any consequential damages, including without limitations, loss of profits.

Except as specifically provided, all property is sold “as is” and neither Christie’s, the consignor’s agent, nor the consignor makes any express or implied warranty or representation of any kind or nature with respect to the property. In no event shall Christie’s or the consignor be responsible for the correctness of, or be deemed to have made, any representation or warranty of merchantability, fitness for purpose, description, genuineness, attribution, quality, rarity, importance, provenance, exhibition history, literature, historical relevance, or condition concerning the property, and no statement set forth in this catalogue or made at the sale or in the bill of sale or invoice or elsewhere, whether oral or written, shall be deemed such a warranty or representation or an assumption of liability. Christie’s and the consignor make no warranty or representation, express or implied, that the buyer of any work of art or other property will acquire any copyright or reproduction rights thereto.

It is Christie’s general policy, and Christie’s shall have the right to have the buyer obtain, at the buyer’s expense, the opinion of two recognised experts in the field, mutually acceptable to Christie’s and the buyer, before Christie’s determines whether to rescind a sale under the above warranty. If the buyer requests, Christie’s will provide buyer with the names of experts acceptable to it.

Christie’s Limited Warranty does not apply to: (i) authorship which on the date of sale was in accordance with the then generally accepted opinion of scholars and specialists; (ii) any lot as to which the catalogue description, or saleroom notice specifically mentions that there is a conflict of scholarly or specialist opinion as to authorship; and (iii) identification of the period or dates of the execution of any property which may be proven inaccurate by means of a scientific process which was not generally accepted for use until after the date of the auction, unreasonably expensive or impractical to use or likely to have caused damage to the property.

IMPORTANT NOTICE Lots containing more than one title, letter or manuscript are sold not subject to return.

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7. COPYRIGHT The copyright in all images, illustrations and written material produced by or for Christie’s relating to a lot including the contents of this catalogue, is and shall remain at all times the property of Christie’s and shall not be used by the buyer, nor by anyone else, without our prior written consent. Christie’s and the seller make no representation or warranty that the buyer of a property will acquire any copyright or other reproduction rights in it.

8. SEVERABILITY If any part of these Conditions of Sale is found by any court to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that part shall be discounted and the rest of the conditions shall continue to be valid to the fullest extent permitted by law.

9. LAW AND JURISDICTION The rights and obligations of the parties with respect to these Conditions of Sale, the conduct of the auction and any matters connected with any of the foregoing shall be governed and interpreted by the laws of the jurisdiction in which the auction is held. By bidding at auction, whether present in person or by agent, by written bid, telephone or other means, the buyer shall be deemed to have submitted, for the benefit of Christie’s, to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of that country, state, county or province, and (if applicable) of the federal courts sitting in such state.

Worldwide Salerooms and American Offices ARGENTINA BUENOS AIRES

ITALY • MILAN

Tel: +54 11 43 93 42 22 Cristina Carlisle BERMUDA BERMUDA

+1 401 849 9222 Betsy Ray BRAZIL RIO DE JANEIRO

+5521 2225 6553 Candida Sodre SÃO PAULO

+55 11 3061 2576 Nathalie Lenci

UNITED STATES BOSTON

+39 02 303 2831

+1 617 536 6000 Elizabeth M. Chapin

JAPAN TOKYO

CHICAGO

+81 (0)3 6267 1766 Ryutaro Katayama, Chairman Nobu Nagara

+1 312 787 2765 Lisa Cavanaugh DALLAS

+1 214 599 0735 Capera Ryan

MEXICO MEXICO CITY

HOUSTON

+52 55 5281 5503 Gabriela Lobo

+1 713 802 0191 Jessica Phifer

THE NETHERLANDS • AMSTERDAM

LOS ANGELES

+1 310 385 2600 Andrea Fiuczynski

+31 (0)20 57 55 255

CANADA TORONTO

+1 416 960 2063 Brett Sherlock CHILE SANTIAGO

+56 2 2 2631642 Denise Ratinoff de Lira COLOMBIA BOGOTA

PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA • HONG KONG

MIAMI

+1 305 445 1487 Jessica Katz

+852 2521 5396

NEWPORT

SWITZERLAND • GENEVA

+1 401 849 9222 Betsy D. Ray

+41 (0)22 319 17 66 Eveline de Proyart

• NEW YORK

+1 212 636 2000

• ZURICH

+57 312 421 1509 Juanita Madrinan

+41 (0)44 268 1010 Dirk Boll

PALM BEACH

+1 561 833 6952 Maura Smith

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES • DUBAI

FRANCE • PARIS

+33 (0)1 40 76 85 85 INDIA MUMBAI

+91 (22) 2280 7905 Menaka Kumari-Shah Sonal Singh

PHILADELPHIA

+1 610 520 1590 Christie Lebano

+971 (0)50 551 4264 Chaden Khoury

SAN FRANCISCO

UNITED KINGDOM • LONDON, KING STREET

+1 415 982 0982 Ellanor Notides

+44 (0)20 7839 9060 • LONDON, SOUTH KENSINGTON

+44 (0)20 7930 6074

• DENOTES SALEROOM ENQUIRIES?—

Call the Saleroom or Office

EMAIL—

info@christies.com

For a complete salerooms & offices listing go to christies.com 11/09/2013

NORMAN ROCKWELL (1894–1978)

Charwomen oil on canvas · 42 ½ x 33 in. © SEPS. Licensed by Curtis Licensing. All Rights Reserved

Illustrating America: Norman Rockwell and His Contemporaries

Exhibition 30 November–20 December Please contact the department for hours and appointments

Venue Christie’s Private Sales Gallery 1230 Avenue of the Americas 20th Floor New York, NY 10020

Contact Liz Sterling esterling@christies.com +1 212 636 2140 christiesprivatesales.com

The English Collector London • 14 November 2013 Viewing

Contact

10–13 November 8 King Street London SW1Y 6QT

Peter Horwood phorwood@christies.com +44 (0) 20 7389 2359

GEORGE II MULBERRY TEA CADDY

By George Cooper · Dated 1760 £5,000-10,000

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FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE UNION LEAGUE CLUB, NEW YORK CITY SANFORD ROBINSON GIFFORD (1823-1880) Sunday Morning in the Camp of the Seventh Regiment near Washington, D.C., in May 1861 oil on canvas · 16Ω x 30 in. (40.6 x 76.2 cm.) · Painted in 1862 $3,000,000–5,000,000

American Art New York • 5 December 2013 Viewing

Contact

30 November – 4 December 20 Rockefeller Plaza New York, NY 10020

Liz Sterling esterling@christies.com +1 212 636 2140

christies.com

Absentee Bids Form Christie’s New York GEORGE WASHINGTON’S THANKSGIVING PROCLAMATION

ABSENTEE BIDS MUST BE RECEIVED AT LEAST 24 HOURS BEFORE THE AUCTION BEGINS CHRISTIE’S WILL CONFIRM ALL BIDS RECEIVED BY FAX BY RETURN FAX. IF YOU HAVE NOT RECEIVED CONFIRMATION WITHIN ONE BUSINESS DAY, PLEASE CONTACT THE BID DEPARTMENT. TEL: +1 212 636 2437 FAX: +1 212 636 4938 ON-LINE WWW.CHRISTIES.COM

THURSDAY 14 NOVEMBER 2013 AT 6.00 PM

20 Rockefeller Plaza New York, NY 10020

3454

CODE NAME: THANKSGIVING SALE NUMBER: 3454

Client Number (if applicable)

(Dealers billing name and address must agree with tax exemption certificate. Invoices cannot be changed after they have been printed.)

BID ONLINE FOR THIS SALE AT CHRISTIES.COM BIDDING INCREMENTS Bidding generally opens below the low estimate and advances in increments of up to 10%, subject to the auctioneer’s discretion. Absentee bids that do not conform to the increments set below may be lowered to the next bidding interval. $50 to $1,000 by $50s $1,000 to $2,000 by $100s $2,000 to $3,000 by $200s $3,000 to $5,000 by $200, 500, 800 (ie: $4,200, 4,500, 4,800) $5,000 to $10,000 by $500s $10,000 to $20,000 by $1,000s $20,000 to $30,000 by $2,000s $30,000 to $50,000 by $2,000, 5,000, 8,000 (ie: $32,000, 35,000, 38,000) $50,000 to $100,000 by $5,000s $100,000 to $200,000 by $10,000s above $200,000 at auctioneer’s discretion The auctioneer may vary the increments during the course of the auction at his or her own discretion.

AUCTION RESULTS: +1 212 703 8080 Please also refer to the information contained in Buying at Christie’s.

I request Christie’s to bid on the following lots up to the maximum price I have indicated for each lot. I understand that if my bid is successful, the purchase price will be the sum of my final bid plus a buyer’s premium of 25% of the final bid price of each lot up to and including $100,000, 20% of the excess of the hammer price above $100,000 and up to and including $2,000,000 and 12% of the excess of the hammer price above $2,000,000 and any applicable state or local sales or use tax.

I understand that Christie’s provides the service of executing absentee bids for the convenience of clients and that Christie’s is not responsible for failing to execute bids or for errors relating to execution of bids. On my behalf, Christie’s will try to purchase these lots for the lowest possible price, taking into account the reserve and other bids. Absentee bids submitted on “no reserve” lots will, in the absence of a higher bid, be executed at approximately 50% of the low pre-sale estimate or at the amount of the bid if it is less than 50% of the low pre-sale estimate.

If identical absentee bids are received for the same lot, the written bid received first by Christie’s will take precedence.

Telephone bids will be accepted for lots with low-end estimates of $1,500 and above, no later than 24 hours prior to the sale and only if the capacity of our pool of staff phone bidders allows.

Arrangements to bid in languages other than English must be made well in advance of the sale date.

Telephone bids may be recorded. By bidding on the telephone, prospective purchasers consent to the recording of their conversations.

Christie’s offers all absentee and telephone bidding services as a convenience to our clients, but will not be responsible for errors or failures to execute bids.

All bids are subject to the terms of the Conditions of Sale and Limited Warranty printed in each Christie’s catalogue.

09/08/13

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If you have not previously bid or consigned with Christie’s, please attach copies of the following documents. Individuals: government-issued photo identification (such as a driving licence, national identity card, or passport) and, if not shown on the ID document, proof of current address, for example a utility bill or bank statement. Corporate clients: a certificate of incorporation. Other business structures such as trusts, offshore companies or partnerships: please contact the Credit Department at +1 212 636 2490 for advice on the information you should supply. If you are registering to bid on behalf of someone who has not previously bid or consigned with Christie’s, please attach identification documents for yourself as well as the party on whose behalf you are bidding, together with a signed letter of authorization from that party. New clients, clients who have not made a purchase from any Christie’s office within the last two years, and those wishing to spend more than on previous occasions will be asked to supply a bank reference. We also request that you complete the section below with your bank details:

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PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY Lot number (in numerical order)

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Lot number (in numerical order)

Maximum Bid $ (excluding buyer’s premium)

39

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Christie’s CHRISTIE’S INTERNATIONAL PLC

VICE PRESIDENTS

ASSOCIATE VICE PRESIDENTS

Patricia Barbizet, Chairman Steven P. Murphy, Chief Executive Officer Stephen Brooks, Chief Operating Officer Loïc Brivezac, Gilles Erulin, Gilles Pagniez, François-Henri Pinault

Stuart Alexander, Reginald Brack, Michael Bass, Elizabeth Beaman, Deborah Bell, Melissa Bennie, Rita Boyle, Valerie Bulova, Cristina Carlisle, Maxwell Carter, John Caruso, Sarah Cashin, Karen Christian, Cara Ciani-Nangle, Pauline Cintrat, Deborah Coy, Ginette Dean, Anna Diehl, Edouard du Breuil, Ingrid Dudek, Lorena Duran, Leslie Edwards, Ian Ehling, Ross Elgie, Christopher Engle, Doug Escribano, Jessica Fertig, Peter Foley, John Foster, Jessica Fox, Sara Friedlander, Sayuri Ganepola, Jennifer Garvin, Emelie Gevalt, Lea Green, Izabela Grocholski, Ann Guite, Elizabeth Hammer-Munemura, Minna Hanninen, Shannon Henry, Margaret Hoag, Per Holmberg, Andrew Holter, Val Hoyt, Anne Igelbrink, Koji Inoue, Leanne Jagtiani, Erik Jansson, Caroline Jett, Caroline Page-Katz, Sumako Kawai, Heakyum Kim, Deepanjana Klein, David Kleiweg de Zwaan, Susan Kloman, Noah Kupferman, Richard LaSalle, Thomas Lecky, Andrew Lee, Xin Li, Mary Libby, Molly Morse Limmer, Gabriela Lobo, Rebecca MacGuire, Laurie Lasdon Marshall, Masa Masuyama, Erin McAndrew, Brian McComak, Andrew McVinish, Capucine Milliot, Mark Moehrke, Christine Montalvo, Stefany Morris, Caroline Moustakis, Laura Nagle, Marysol Nieves, Rachel Orkin-Ramey, Joanna Ostrem, Elisabeth Poole Parker, Carolyn Pastel, Laura Paterson, Joseph Picone, Jennifer Pitman, Kimberly Ray, Casey Rogers, Thomas Root, Leslie Roskind, William Russell, Christopher Sanger, Gregory Sarancha, Fikriye Selen-Okatan, Andrew Seltzer, Xan Serafin, Brian Shaw, Maura Smith, Muys Snijders, Elizabeth Sterling, Bliss Summers, Scott Torrence, Arianna Tosto, Robert Tuzzo, Carina Villinger, Hartley Waltman, Sarah Wendell, Helen Williams, Nicholas Wilson, Alan Wintermute, Jennifer Wright, Timothy Yule, Jennifer Yum, Steven J. Zick

Elizabeth Addington, Charles Antin, Diane Baldwin, Yana Balan, Brett Banchek, Katherine Banser-Whittle, Kelly Barros, Caroline Belser, Melissa Bernstein, Adrian Bijanada, Bernadine Boisson, Katherine Brambilla, Diana Bramham, Eileen Brankovic, Julie Brener, Rebecca Brey, Ana Maria Celis, Ilya Cherepakhin, Anne Dayton, Kristen de Bruyn, Cathy Delany, Ashish Desai, Kristen Dollard, Julie Drennan, Alexandra Duch, Kara Dutkus, Catherine Foster, Sara Fox, Juarez Francis, Vanessa Fusco, Lynn Fylak, Joshua Glazer, Douglas Goldberg, Margaret Gristina, Jayme Gruetzmacher, Anne Hargrave, Stephanie Hopper, Sandhya Jain Patel, Jennifer Jones, Mariana Joseph, Jessica Katz, Alexis Klein, Samantha Koslow, Paula Kowalczyk, Lauren Land, Lisa Layfer, Christine Layng, Lenise Logan, Marc Maibrunn, Adam McCoy, Patrick McGrath, Frank Miller, Takaaki Murakami, Abigail Olson, Tom Orf, Claudia Paradelo, Sung Hee Park, Ayub Patel, Jessica Phifer, Hadley Punterei, Carleigh Queenth, Prakash Ramdas, Jennifer Rosenthal, Emily Sarokin, Arianna Savage, Morris Scardigno, Nicole Shapiro Sarah Shepard, Lindsay Shepherd, Michael Simonetti, Maria Smith, Caitlin Tormey, Mike Wang, Michal Ward, William Weiss, Leon Willis, Simon Wills, Virginia Woo, Laryssa Zalisko

Nicholas Eldred, Company Secretary CHRISTIE’S EXECUTIVE

Steven P. Murphy, Stephen Brooks, François Curiel, Nicholas Eldred, Karen Parker, Marc Porter, Jussi Pylkkänen, Doug Woodham CHRISTIE’S AMERICAS

Marc Porter, Chairman Doug Woodham, President Gerard Barrett, Regional Businesses Cathy Elkies, Client Strategy Karen Gray, Chief of Staff Kathy Kaplan, Finance Michelle Meyercord, Strategy Annette Phillips, Human Resources Jonathan Rendell, Chairman’s Office Jennifer Zatorski, International Businesses CHAIRMAN’S OFFICE

Marc Porter, Chairman Stephen S. Lash, Chairman Emeritus Christopher Burge, Honorary Chairman Amy Cappellazzo, Chairman Cyanne Chutkow, Deputy Chairman Emmanuel de Chaunac, Deputy Chairman Brett Gorvy, Chairman Ben Hall, Deputy Chairman Nicholas Hall, Vice Chairman John Hays, Deputy Chairman Guy Jennings, Deputy Chairman Conor Jordan, Deputy Chairman Laura Paulson, Deputy Chairman Paul Provost, Deputy Chairman Jonathan Rendell, Deputy Chairman Jeanne Sloane, Deputy Chairman Eric Widing, Deputy Chairman Athena Zonars, Senior International Director SENIOR VICE PRESIDENTS

Tunde Adenuga, John Auerbach, Martha Baer, Vivian Bakmas-Pfeiffer, Heather Barnhart, Wendy Battleson, G. Max Bernheimer, Samantha Bing, Bonnie Brennan, Thomas Burstein, Lisa Cavanaugh, Elizabeth M. Chapin, Kenneth Citron, Sandra Cobden, Chris Coover, Carrie Dillon, Monica Dugot, Lea Emery, Sheri Farber, Lydia Fenet, Jennifer Glaisek Ferguson, Andrea Fiuczynski, Melissa Gagen, Virgilio Garza, John Good, Keren Gottesman, Loic Gouzer, Jennifer K. Hall, Jean-Christophe Harel, Sam Hines, Lori Hotz, Rahul Kadakia, Karen Karp, Julie Kim, Sharon Kim, Stefan Kist, Peter Kloman, Jonathan Laib, Brooke Lampley, Regan Lynn Larroque, Daphne Lingon, Richard Lloyd, Maria C. Los, Robert Manley, Andrew Massad, Alexis McCarthy, Adrien Meyer, Richard Nelson, Shira Nichaman, Ellanor Notides, Tash Perrin, John Reardon, Margot Rosenberg, Leslie Roskind, Capera Ryan, Caroline Sayan, Brett Sherlock, Will Strafford, Toby Usnik, Sarah Vandeweerdt, Francis Wahlgren, Hugo Weihe, Amy Wexler, Barrett White, Allison Whiting, Marissa Wilcox, Jody Wilkie, Tom Woolston, Steven Wrightson, Katsura Yamaguchi

CHRISTIE’S AMERICAN ADVISORY BOARD

The Lord Carrington, KG, Honorary Chairman John L. Vogelstein, Chairman Stephen S. Lash, Vice Chairman Ashton Hawkins, Esq., Secretary Herb Allen, Elizabeth Ballantine, Charlie Blaquier, Melva Bucksbaum, Christina Chandris, Lynn Forester de Rothschild, Bruno Eberli, Ambassador Stuart E. Eizenstat, Guido Goldman, J Tomilson Hill III, Barbara Jakobson, Nancy M. Kissinger, George Klein, Ambassador William H. Luers, Li Chung Pei, Jeffrey E. Perelman, Tara Rockefeller, Denise Saul, Andrew N. Schiff, M.D., Clifford M. Sobel, Michael Steinhardt, Archbold D. van Beuren, Casey Wasserman, John C. Whitehead INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES

The Paper used in this catalogue has been manufactured at a mill which has been awarded the ISO 14001 for Environment Management and is a registered mill within EMAS (the EU EcoManagement and Audit Scheme)

Maura Benjamin, Helen Cluett, Patricia Hernandez, Nathalie Gerschel Kaplan, Konrad Keesee, Mary Libby, Eduardo Molina-Dubost, Brenda Norris, Nuala Pell, Kelly Perry, Denise Ratinoff, Nancy Rome

Printed in England by © Christie, Manson & Woods Ltd. (2013) Catalogue photo credits: Douglas ho

30/09/13

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