Enterprising Africa - The Business of Agriculture in Africa (Self Help Africa 2019)

ENTERPRISING

AFRICA

2019 edition

selfhelpafrica.org

where we work

Countries where Self Help Africa and subsidiaries are operating

TruTrade

Africa

Self Help Africa

2

Supporting rural poor communities to produce food, commodities and surpluses on their small farms. www.selfhelpafrica.org

TruTrade Negotiating fair prices for farmers and helping rural poor households to earn a better price - often by cutting out the middleman. www.trutrade.net

Traidlinks Securing regional trade opportunities where African farmers and businesses can sell the produce that they are producing and processing. www.traidlinks.org

Partner Africa Supporting producers and processors and companies so that they are ‘business ready’ to access global markets, and assisting global brands to access African markets. www.partnerafrica.org

Contents 04. Our Vision for an Enterprising Africa group subsidiaries 08.

Partner Africa

10. TruTrade 12. Traidlinks enterprise challenge fund 14.

Agri-Fi Project - Kenya

current Projects 18.

Golden Bees - Uganda

Devenish Nutrition - Uganda 19.

Healy Chia - Uganda

Moyee Coffee - Ethiopia

Tropical Lush - Kenya

20.

Meki Batu - Ethiopia

Cassava - Kenya

Past Projects 22.

Barley - Ethiopia

23.

Cashew - Benin

Groundnut - Zambia Mango - Malawi

Milk - Kenya Seed - Ethiopia 3

Today, farming is the primary source of food and income for Africans, and provides up to 60 percent of all jobs on the continent.

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OUR VISION for AN ENTERPRISING AFRICA:

S

elf Help Africa’s focus has always been on supporting rural households to grow more and earn more from their small farms.

To earn more, there needs to be a place where farmers can sell their surplus.

For that reason, we recognise the importance of the marketplace, and on creating opportunities where households can earn more for the crops they produce.

A vibrant, sustainable and resilient agriculture sector is vital for sub-Saharan Africa’s economic future. Today, farming is the primary source of food and income for Africans, and provides up to 60 percent of all jobs on the continent. Food production in sub-Saharan Africa needs to increase by 60 percent over the next 15 years to feed a growing population.

Africa’s food and beverage markets are expected to top $1 trillion in value within a decade.

The continent is bursting with potential: at 200 million hectares, sub-Saharan Africa is home to nearly half of the world’s uncultivated land that can be brought into production. Together with abundant resources, including a resourceful, enterprising youth population, strategic investments in agriculture can unleash virtuous growth cycles.

As private business turns its attention increasingly to the challenge of unlocking Africa’s potential, Self Help Africa is engaged in finding ways that rural poor households can benefit.

By supporting farming communities to work together, and by ensuring that Af-

rica’s producers are able to deliver both the quality, and the quantity required by buyers, hundreds of thousands of Africa’s smallholder farmers are beginning to see the benefits of valuable new markets at home and abroad.

A convergence of the not-for profit and the for-profit worlds can play a vital role in creating links between those who currently have limited access to the marketplace, and those who are leaders in it.

This publication provides some recent examples, past and present, of how private business, enterprise, and smallholder farming communities can work together, and some of the measures being taken to help to bring profits to smallscale producers in sub-Saharan Africa.

OUr Approach to the value chain: Financing of the Value Chain Retail Processing Buyer • Setting up kiosks to enable direct sales

Open market Smallholder aggregation

• Linking farmers with buyers

Smallholder • Developing cooperatives

• • • • •

Farmer training Animal health services Agricultural inputs Technical assistance Assistance to attain certification

• Improving market links • Training to improve marketing skills • Improving access to market information

• Training farmers to process agricultural products into higher-value processed goods • Establishing links with processing companies • Setting up packaging and processing centres

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Self Help Africa eritrea

ethiopia

Benin Togo burkina

kenya

Uganda

Growing and earning more on the land For more than 35 years, Self Help Africa has been supporting rural poor households to grow and earn more from their small farms.

Self Help Africa enables farming families to increase and diversify production, to grow better food, and to grow crops that farmers can sell to generate an income.

The organisation also helps households to add value to the food that they grow, source new and profitable markets for their produce, and regard their small-scale farms as small businesses - enterprises that can grow and flourish.

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malawi

zambia

Knowledge is at the heart of this work, and this is provided in a wide variety of ways - by providing direct farmer training, through the creation of farmer field schools and the development of ‘lead farmer’ networks.

Information is also disseminated to farmers using mobile phones and other technologies, and knowledge on better farming practices, on market-orientated farm production, and on a host of other approaches that make African farms both more productive, and more profitable.

group subsidiaries the business of agriculture Supporting households to produce more and earn more on their small farms is only a part of the jigsaw of rural economic development, in Africa.

In 2019, Self Help Africa has three distinct social enterprises within our group that are working in different ways across the agricultural value chain to improve market access and the business of farming.

As agriculture specialists, we recognise that we can play an important role in other ways in increasing the productivity and profitability of small farms, to the economic benefit of the African continent more broadly.

Over the following pages you can read about the work that our subsidiaries Partner Africa, TruTrade and Traidlinks are playing in this area.

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partner africa ethical solutions in global trade

P

artner Africa works in more

personnel to HR directors from 17 coun-

sible business solutions, Partner Africa’s

than 40 countries in Africa and

tries, and training and consulting was

income was more than €1.3m in 2018.

the Middle East, providing eth-

delivered to SMEs in southern Africa in-

ical auditing and business consulting

volved in the mining industry.

The Company has offices in Cape Town, South Africa, in Cairo, and in Nairobi,

services to a range of sectors.

Partner Africa works with a broad range

Kenya, where it now shares offices with

Partner Africa supports clients to un-

of recognised global brands, ethical trad-

Self Help Africa and the organisation’s

derstand and manage complex supply

ing bodies and industry associations.

other social enterprise subsidiaries,

chains, and navigate global trade in a responsible manner.

TruTrade and Traidlinks.

The company has provided audits and consultancy services to businesses

Partner Africa delivers its services

Each year, the organisation undertakes

ranging from Coca Cola, Heineken, and

through a network of over 100 trained

hundreds of audits on behalf of clients,

Unilever, to Walmart, Nestle and Tesco.

auditors and key consultants operating

and has been involved in working with

A pioneer in the field of ethical, respon-

across Africa.

a broad range of businesses and sectors, including textiles, tea, coffee, fruit, cut flowers, beverages and other areas of manufacturing.

Partner Africa offers a streamlined consulting offering that focuses on five service lines: Research, Investigation and Impact Assessment; Project Management; Training; Risk Management and Trade Development.

The company also carried out various training programmes, including ethical trade awareness training workshops to businesses in Africa, and also to retailers/buyers in the West.

In recent times, anti-harassment training was also delivered by Partner Africa

“

A pioneer in the field of ethical, responsible business solutions, Partner Africa’s income was more than €1.3m in 2018.

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10

TRUTRADE

UNLOCKING THE VALUE CHAIN FOR FARMERS

S

Africa

elf Help Africa’s social enter-

There is no connection between produc-

The TruTrade way brings many benefits

ers and final buyers, and farmers are of-

for farmers. Using a digital payments

front of the agricultural tech-

ten at the mercy of, and forced to sell to,

system removes the risk associated

middlemen for reduced prices.

with cash, and makes trading safer.

prise TruTrade is at the fore-

nology revolution that’s changing

business – and lives – in rural Africa.

It also provides an alternative to the preDoing business in rural Africa is espe-

vious ‘buy-low, sell-high’ trading prac-

TruTrade sources markets, agrees pric-

cially challenging for women. The tradi-

tice that’s so common across agricultural

es, and pays rural small-scale farmers in

tional cash-based system of buying and

value chains in rural Africa.

Africa using mobile money. The organi-

selling produce has left women either

sation secures improved prices for rural

vulnerable to attack after selling their

The thousands of farmers using the

poor farmers for their crops by reducing

produce, or excluded from the process

TruTrade platform are paid directly to

profit-taking by middlemen.

altogether, with men stepping in to han-

their mobile phone, after delivering their

dle cash transactions.

produce to an agreed collection point and having it checked for quality by a

Traditionally, farmers in Kenya and Uganda

“

TruTrade

(TruTrade’s countries of operation), as well

TruTrade’s digital platform is unlocking op-

TruTrade agent. This digital payment

as many other parts of Africa, have worked

portunities, increasing incomes and fun-

provides farmers with a trading record,

in unorganised markets.

damentally changing the way smallholder

and transparency – this in turn opens up

farmers do business in rural Africa.

access to financial services.

TruTrade is also increasing farmer in-

By 2020, TruTrade aims to provide a

comes – by 20% on average. A prof-

market linkage service to 30,000 farmers.

tional profit equally between farmers

it-sharing model also distributes addiand TruTrade.

The platform identifies what farmers sold and were paid, and also communicates with farmers in bulk via SMS. TruTrade has won a number of global awards for innovation, including the prestigious 2019 Award For Global Prosperity, which celebrates innovators whose work has the greatest potential to have positive impact on society.

The award came with a cash prize of $100,000 and mentoring support for the further development of the business.

By 2020, TruTrade aims to provide a market linkage service to 30,000 farmers, for approximately 10,000MT of produce, worth about $6 million annually.

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TRaidlinks improving access to markets

I

mproving access for East African

Traidlinks, which was initially estab-

who operate over Burundi’s borders with

manufacturers and producers to

lished in Ireland in 2004 to develop the

Rwanda, DRC and Tanzania.

neighbouring markets has been

export capacity and international trade

the primary focus of social enterprise

development opportunities for small

The two year scheme, which is backed

subsidiary Traidlinks.

and medium sized African enterprises,

by

became a part of the Self Help Africa

mark East Africa’ agency, will organ-

Traidlinks currently provides business

organisation in 2017.

ise women traders into cooperatives,

consultancy services to companies in Rwanda, Burundi and in the eastern region of Democratic Republic of Congo, allowing firms to explore and exploit opportunities to trade between these countries, and in the neighbouring Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda markets.

Traidlinks provides consultancy services to improve business competitiveness, reduce barriers to trade, and promote the concept of business clusters in the eastern DRC region. The organisation also promotes measures that support innovation through the use of technology.

the

provide

UK

training

Government’s

to

border

‘Trade-

officials,

and recruit trade information officers.

The objective is to tackle corruption as well as reduce incidents of harassment and discrimination affecting women involved in cross-border trade.

“

The companies involved in trade trans-

Traidlinks has developed measures to

actions include businesses engaged in

ensure greater inclusion of female entre-

the production and processing of food

preneurs through a ‘women champions

and drinks, as well as manufacturers of

in trade’ programme.

on increasing efficiency and supporting

construction materials including reinforc-

The organisation is also establishing a

ing steel bar and cement.

new initiative to support female traders

innovation through technology.

crafts, furniture, cleaning utensils and

In a further effort to improve business competitiveness, Traidlinks focussed

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enterprise challenge fund

supporting more than 100,000 families

S

elf Help Africa is creating

Backed by the European Union and with

more than 100,000 rural poor

‘AgriFi Kenya Challenge Fund’ will pro-

Challenge Fund that is the largest

agri-enterprises, and create thousands

profitable new markets for

additional funding from SlovakAid, the

families in Kenya with an innovative

vide investment and support to over 50

enterprise development project in

of new jobs in Kenya’s agri-food sector.

the organisation’s long history.

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The five-year venture was launched in early spring 2018. The fund is being implemented by Self Help Africa with technical support provided by South Africa-based business consultancy Imani Development.

The project will invest more than €18m in Kenya’s agri-business sector in the coming years, and expects to create up to 10,000 new jobs.

The Challenge Fund has placed particular emphasis on supporting agri-enterprises

agri-fi kenya that can provide viable long-term markets

•

Transu Improved farmer

yoghurt capacity.

for more than 100,000 small-scale farmers

organisation and aggregation

across all regions of Kenya.

points in the sorghum and soy

increased use of biofertilizer by

value chains.

smallholder farmers.

AgriFi Kenya has also set out to assist

•

SunCulture Kenya Ltd

•

•

The Real IPM Promoting

Premier Food Industries

business where support can benefit to

Promoting solar irrigation

Promoting improved integration of

marginalised pastoralists (nomadic and

technology via pay-as-you-go

smallholder farmers to a mango

semi-nomadic herders and farmers).

financing.

and apple juicing business

• With its grants, Self Help Africa, through AgriFI Kenya, is also seeking to improve

Olivado EPZ Improving

•

Vehicle and Equipment

profitability of the mango value chain.

Leasing Ltd Integrated

Ndumberi Dairy Farmers

mechanisation, storage, credit

the capacity of small-scale farmers and

Cooperative Investment in

and marketing in the potato value

pastoralists

extended-shelf-life milk and

chain.

to

apply

environmentally

•

sustainable practices and climate-smart agricultural approaches in their farm work.

Agri-businesses are only eligible for investment from AgriFi Kenya if they can match-fund the grants they are awarded, and should also be capable of increasing turnover by at least 25%.

The fund is being implemented in parallel with a planned European Investment Bank (EIB) facility being provided to local banks. Through the Kenya Agriculture Value Chain Facility, the EIB will extend a €50 million credit line to selected

This project will invest more than €18m

commercial banks, with the objective

in Kenya’s agri-business sector, and

of facilitating access to agri-enterprises promoting integration of smallholder

expects to create up to 10,000 new jobs.

farmers into their value chains.

ROUND ONE SUPPORT: In the First Funding Round announced in 2019, the following eight companies are receiving investments and supports from the AgriFi initiative: •

Coconut Holdings Ltd – Improving productivity and sustainability of smallholder coconut farms, while also diversifying coconut product range.

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THE BUSINESS OF FARMING Supporting agri-business development in Africa On the following pages are just a handful of the businesses, past and present, that Self Help Africa has collaborated with as they seek to do business, and source produce in Africa. Supporting enterprise development in this way creates markets, creates jobs, and increases the income that small scale farmers can earn from their work.

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Golden bees - uganda:

S

ince its earliest years, Self

Golden Bees currently process 50

beekeeping as a valuable

have ambitious plans to increase their

Help Africa has supported

source of household income for small-scale farming communities.

In several countries, including Kenya,

Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Uganda,

this work has seen Self Help Africa support

the

activities

of

farming

groups and cooperatives to bring scale and increase the profit potential of bee products – including honey, wax and propolis.

metric tonnes of honey a year, but

production volume up to 600 tonnes in the next five years.

Supported by Self Help Africa, the

venture is also being backed by Danish

development organisation Danida, and is

looking to train and support an additional 2,000 smallholder farmers in northern Uganda as new producers and suppliers of honey and wax to the company.

Self Help Africa is currently working

Golden Bees also functions as an api-

develop markets and increase the

to other beekeepers, and also manu-

a decade ago, the firm currently em-

equipment necessary for those who

sourcing honey and other bee prod-

beekeeping activities.

with ‘Golden Bees Ltd’ in Uganda to

culture consultancy, delivers training

business of beekeeping. Established

factures and sells beehives and other

ploys 12 people full-time, and is

are interested in developing their own

ucts from more than 2,600 small-scale beekeepers in Uganda.

devenish nutrition - UGANDA:

A

gri technology company De-

The Northern Ireland headquartered

ed more than £1m in a pig

government’s African Agri-Development

venish Nutrition has invest-

genetics and feeding operation that

currently employs more than 25 people in Uganda.

The venture is aiming to improve the

Fund (AADF), and is involved in improv-

ing genetics and producing high quality feeds in the country from a model farm in Hoima, in the west of the country.

country’s pig industry by both improv-

To date, over 300 local farmers have

improving feeding and animal health in

and animal nutrition, while 60 farmers

ing the genetics of pigs in Uganda and

been trained in livestock management

the country.

in Hoima have invested in improved

Devenish Nutrition are scheduled

with Danish Landrace varieties.

to work as pig-value chain experts

Devenish Nutrition is sourcing ingredi-

in a wider regional agricultrual development project.

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company has been backed by the Irish

breed pigs – which cross native pigs

ents for its animal feeds through Self Help Africa’s TruTrade subsidiary, while Self Help Africa is set to collaborate

with Devenish on a wider agricultural development project in the region.

Healy Chia - Uganda:

T

he humble chia seed has become one of the world’s most sought-after super foods.

It is estimated that the worldwide chia market will be worth approxi-

mately €3billion within five years.

The popularity of chia has been good news for poor farmers in Uganda, where

a collaboration between Self Help Africa and Irish food ingredient specialists

The Healy Group has created a valuable

new source of income for thousands of farming families in Uganda.

Healy Group have been buying and processing chia from thousands of Ugandan farmers since it invested in a processing facility in Kampala with support from the Department of Agriculture’s African Agri-food Development Programme (AADP) three years ago.

Working in collaboration with Self Help Africa, Healy Chia is buying from more than 7,000 small-scale farmers, so that they can process and export to markets in Ireland and across Europe.

yielding cash crop, and has trained growers to ensure that they can produce to the quality and scale required by the Irish company.

Healy Chia have processed and exported a total of 800 tonnes of organic and conventional chia seed from Uganda in the past two years, but believe there is potential for substantial growth.

Farming families, who grow between 150-250 kilos on half an acre get paid upwards of one euro, per kilo.

Self Help Africa has introduced chia to farmers as a potential new high-

Moyee coffee - Ethiopia:

S

elf Help Africa is collaborating with an enterprising ethical coffee business that is both sourcing its beans from one of the homes of coffee, and is also intent on leaving as much of the profits that is possible with its small-scale producers.

To that end, Moyee Coffee is using block chain technology to provide the coffee consumer with a mechanism that allows them to both trace the origins of their cuppa, and also provides details on the amount that the farmer was paid for their crop.

The Dutch/Irish concern sources all of its coffee in Ethiopia, where it also has established a state of the art processing plant, to ensure that roasting and bagging of Moyee Coffee happens in the country where the crop was sourced.

Ethiopia is the home of Arabica coffee bean. However, the country grows just three percent of the world’s coffee, in part because production is less industrialised, with coffee still a crop that is grown largely by small-holders.

tropical lush - kenya:

K

enya based food and beverages company Tropical Lush is sourcing mango and passion fruit for its operations from small-scale farm producers.

The company has been buying mango through Self Help Africa social enterprise subsidiary TruTrade, and purchased 10 metric tonnes of the fruit, for processing, last year.

The volume of trading has been increasing year on year, with Tropical Lush purchases providing a profitable new market for small-scale farmers who have fruit trees on their farms.

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meki batu - ethiopia:

T

he Meki Batu Fruit and Veg-

Today, Meki Batu has more than 140

The union services both national and

can perhaps trace its very

umbrella, and processes and sells

number of years has been supplying

etable Growers Cooperative

origins to some of Self Help Africa’s very first activities in Ethiopia.

Formed more than 15 years ago to

primary cooperative groups under its the food that is being grown by over

8,000 farmers. In excess of 50,000

tonnes of produce is sold every year

international markets, and for the past produce also to Ethiopian Airlines for their in-flight catering services.

by the cooperative.

represent the interests of over a dozen

producer groups in the region, the Union included in this number, several thousand small scale farmers who had begun growing fruit and veg well over a decade

earlier, thanks to an early irrigation project created by Self Help Africa.

“

50,000 tonnes of produce is sold every year by the cooperative.

cassava - kenya:

H

undreds of farmers groups

cassava cuttings that they can plant and

Approximately 320 of the 400 farmer

yields and incomes from

tuber is beginning to be realised.

had successfully improved governance

in Kenya have seen both

the production and sale of cassava increase, over the past two years.

A study of farmers and farmer groups

A recent survey of cassava groups

of farming households that had received

backed by The Walmart Foundation

yields by an average of 30%, while cas-

involved with a Self Help Africa project, and the European Union, showed the

involved in the scheme found that 76%

improved cuttings had increased their

sava production cooperatives involved

positive impacts of a scheme that has

in processing the tuber and trading

farmers and farmer cooperatives for

comes by nearly 140%.

been supporting 28,000 smallholder more than two years.

Although cassava is a drought tolerant plant that grows well in the East

African country, it has traditionally been regarded as ‘a poor mans crop’. By

working alongside processors, millers

and distributors, and by supporting

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grow, the real potential of the starchy

farming

households

with

improved

chipped cassava had increased their in-

groups that the project worked with

and management structures, while four

out of five new farmers cooperatives

involved had developed new business plans for the production, processing

and marketing of chipped cassava products, which earned a higher price in local markets than raw tubers.

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past projects: Barley - ethiopia:

S

elf Help Africa joined forces

Under the scheme, improved barley

Diageo ultimately aims to increase

Diageo in a partnership that

Oromia was distributed within the

purchases from local farmers; while

with

global

drinks

giant

connected thousands of small-scale barley farmers with Meta, Diageo’s local brewing subsidiary in Ethiopia.

seed produced by these farmers in brewer’s existing Ethiopian network of growers, enabling them to increase their productivity.

Self Help Africa has been working with

Diageo in turn supported the seed-

Ethiopia for many years, helping them

crop insurance and improved seed.

farmers in the central Oromia region of

producing farmers with training, fertiliser,

to organise, increase productivity and access markets.

groundnut - zambia:

E

astern

Province

Farmers’

seed, training and an honest market at

in the processing and sale of

involved are contracted to repay a

Cooperative (EPFC) specialise

groundnut seed, which they source from 1,500 smallholder farmers in

a ‘best’ farm gate price, the farmers quantity of seed to EPFC.

Zambia.

EPFC operates a dedicated depot

The enterprise provides seed and

500 tons, which serves as not just a

not for free but on a simple contractual

as a depot where product is graded,

with a storage capacity of in excess of

farming advice to smallholder farmers;

marketing and distribution hub, but also

basis. In exchange for the provision of

cleaned and stored, pending sale.

Mango - malawi:

L

inking

thousands

of

small-

Farmers who had mango trees on their

trees growing on their farms

organised into producer groups. Self

scale farmers who had mango

was an early agri-enterprise project supported by Self Help Africa in 2015.

Help Africa also acted as the farmers’ voice, representing and protecting

their interests in dealings with the

Self Help Africa recruited, trained and

processing plant.

up to 5,000 out-growers to sell their

New varieties of mango were grafted

to large-scale processors including

yield and the cash return for farmers.

supported an initiative that enabled

produce to a firm that in turn supplied Tropicana and other fruit pulp buyers in the Middle East.

22

land were identified, registered, and

onto existing trees to increase the fruit

significantly the quantity of barley it the seed producers will be assured

of an improved product, achieved in

an environmentally and economically sustainable way.

Cashew - benin:

B

enin is the fifth-largest producer

Self Help Africa has worked with German

with income from the crop

processor Tolaro Global and training

of

cashew

in

the

world,

representing 7% of the country’s GDP.

However, less than 5% of all the

cashews produced in Benin are

food giant Intersnack, local cashew

providers from the African Cashew Initiative to break this status quo.

processed locally, with the majority

Cashew farmers were targeted with

price, as raw product.

to improve production levels.

of the crop being exported at a lower

The absence of a developed processing industry has cost cashew farmers, processors and the overall economy in Benin millions in lost revenue.

community-based extension services

The

cooperatives

to

which

they

belong were being trained in quality control,

operational

and

financial

management, and were also being linked with microfinance institutions.

milk - kenya:

K

eringet Foods Limited (KFL)

A milk bulking centre run by KFL was

economic development of the

with three 5,000 litre milk chilling

was created to promote the

wider community in Kenya by adding value to their agricultural produce.

completed in early 2015, and equipped tanks, together with a laboratory for testing raw milk.

Through a local foundation, Self Help

The plant processes in excess of 13,000

KFL’s long-term strategy is to increase

to add value to the agricultural pro-

per day, and provides facilities for small-

cessing and marketing of higher-value

of local farmers.

their milk before it is sold to processors.

Africa worked with Keringet Foods Ltd

litres of milk from 1,800 dairy farmers

duction in milk and potato production,

scale farmers to bulk, chill and preserve

output, and eventually move into the prodairy products like yoghurt and cheese.

seed - ethiopia:

E

dget’ means ‘progress’ in

both community and farm household

Farmers using the seed provided by

guage of Ethiopia. A collab-

one of the main providers of improved

and a growth of up to 75% in incomes.

Amharic,

the

official

lan-

oration between Self Help Africa and Edget Farmers’ Union over the

levels, and quickly established itself as wheat seed.

past decade has seen the agricul-

Today, Edget Farmers’ Union is a prof-

supplier of wheat seed across the

than 15% of the wheat seed in the

tural cooperative become a leading SNNP Region of southern Ethiopia.

The cooperative received training and support in quality seed production at

itable business that provides more SNNP Region, and in some districts is

supplying up to 100% of all first-generation wheat seed.

Edget Union reported increased yields

Self Help Africa and Edget Union has been supported by Ethiopia’s

Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA) in the initiative, which addresses

a scarcity of early generation wheat seed in the country.

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Farming For Africa’s Future contacts: Dublin:

Self Help Africa Kingsbridge House 17-22 Parkgate St Dublin - Ireland

24

Photo Credits: London:

Self Help Africa 14 Dufferin Street London, EC1Y 8PD

New York:

Self Help Africa 41 Union Square West, Suite 1027 New York, NY

Cover:

Mushroom production, Zambia.

Back:

Kolani and Yendoukoa Assibi, Nasiete Village, Togo.