Research - Skill Development Centre in Urban Villages

Skill Development Centre is perceived to become the beginning of positive transformation in the neighbourhood, capable of supporting economic stability and infrastructural improvements, and, most critically, lead to holistic development of the community.

It is meant to empower the inhabitants, facilitate self-sufficiency and create a sense of community for rebuilding their neighbourhood from the ashes.

Skill Development Centre

in urban villages of Delhi NCR

“Urban Areas whether born under divine guidance or the speculative urge, the pattern will dry up; and then die, unless the people forge within it a special, self-sustaining life that can survive adversity and the turns of fortune.”

Spiro Kostoff, The City Shaped

vocational

The proposition of skill development centre in urban village, Shahberi, is a tactical solution- an opportunity to study the morphology of these settlements, identify and address the major issues faced by the inhabitants.

Currently, no framework exists for improving or providing adequate civic infrastructure in these areas. Research throughout the project will help in devising better measures and techniques for achieving ecological viability and self-sufficiency in similar urban systems

skills and

programs - f

training centre

small busines

The situation

Designing opportunities for impact :

Oppor

Any architectural intervention capable of starting/ facilitating a chain reaction of positive transformations that has an immense impact on the community.

Skill Development Centre in Urban Villages is perceived to become the beginning of positive transformation in the neighbourhood, capable of supporting economic stability and infrastructural improvements, and, most critically, lead to holistic development of the community.

Entrepreneur

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

introduction

Introduction to project : designing opportunities for impact

rship

development

inclusive

community

family welfare

encouraging

holistic

for

through

development

education and

services

social

developement of

sses

community

towards a

upliftment

interaction and

neighbourhood

consenses

common goal

empowering citizens to rejuvenate their neighbourhood for complete socio-cultural and economic development.

collaboration

Deteriorating settlements formed at the fringes of Delhi NCR. Loss of livelihood due to acquisition of agricultural land for real estate development.

Rising urban land vulnerability due to surrounding high rise development and deteriorating quality of life in urban villages due to migration and illegal construction

rtunity

Developing urban villages on the fringe of Delhi NCR to support the economic development of the city.

Integrated inclusive development can mutually benefit both- cities provide opportunities urban villages provide inexpensive accomodation.

The path

A skill development and training centre is meant to empower the inhabitants, facilitate self-sufficiency and create a sense of community for rebuilding their neighbourhood from the ashes.

The aim is to design opportunities for impact- an architectural intervention in the form of a facility which aims to build long-term skills and assets for the villagers to lead to their socio-economic development. This development will be followed by improved civic infrastructure and amenities.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Lal Dora is a red thread that was drawn around the habitation or abadi areas of revenue villages by the land revenue department in the colonial times.

It was done for the first time in 1908 to separate abadi areas from agricultural lands. As an act of preserving these habitation areas, this marking gave immunity from the jurisdiction of the municipal authorities and by implication, urban development plans. In essence, this marking has continued all over Delhi and now the areas inside Lal Dora boundary are called Urban Villages.

Timeline of delhi’s urban villages

1912-60

1971-91 why are urban villages different than other villages ?

“PSU banks do not provide any kind of credit facilities for people who own lands in the urban villages, they say we belong to the Lal Dora. When we go to the MCD, they say we don’t belong to the Lal Dora and are an urbanised village now,” rues Deepak Tyagi, a 39-yearold resident and RWA president of Budhela village in New Delhi.

“Complications around land are maximum in Delhi. There are little pockets of land that have been unnoticed by the government for so long that the situation there has deteriorated over time, especially in terms of public infrastructure provision,”

2000-11

Present day

Land acquisition Act 1894 used by government to acquire agricultural land for residential and industrial development.

Village (Abaadi) areas were left out and only agrarian lands were acquired.

In 1980s, increased demand in the residential and industrial sector led to their construction on former agrarian lands.

Small farmers in the acquisition process lost their livelihoods.

With the government compensation, either the native farmers left to settle somewhere else or used it to construct houses so that they can be rented.

Rampant illegal construction in urban villages.

As of now, urban villages are overburdened, they lack civic infrastructure, illegally constructed unsafe buildings are either being demolished or are collapsing. The situation is dire in these and are affecting the city’s dynamics.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

lal dora concept

History, formation and current state of Delhi’s urban villages

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Stages of urban villages

1

Villagers face a problem of acquaintance with the new change in occupation and livelihood triggered by acquisition of their agricultural land.

urban imapa

Original farmers sell their land for profit.

These areas eventually become home to construction workers and other service providers.

1 2 3

After about a decade, construction work slows down, construction workers move to other sites for employment opportunities. New migrants, mostly engaged in informal sectors, move in.

The migrants become permanent settlers.

2

A process of adaptation in terms of alternate livelihoods, new structures, and change in land use In another 10 to 15 years, the surrounding area of urban villages undergoes development.

Students, salesmen and small businessmen move in while the old villagers continue to be the dominant owners of the land and improve individual properties while increasing rent.

3

Villages witness This is the most

Villages near ind This creates a d between the na

Urban sprawl a nally dependen to urban activit

issues in urba

Ambiguity in g Loss of agraria Umployment / Increased popu Rampant illega Lack of civic an

Renewal and Reconstruction.

The final stage in the process is gentrification with growth in mixed land uses. Hauz Khas, an urban village for example, has become a warren of boutique shops, art galleries and trendy restaurants. Similarly, Mahipalpur, near the Delhi international airport, has seen an outburst of cheap hotels in the last decade.

Again, Shahpur Jat has become home to a numerous small offices and designer workshops

With the acquisition of for their survival. Those w these out for very high r the developed colonies o for all the times resulting of the commercial shopp

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

urban villages

Scenario and condition of urban villages in delhi

act on delhi's urban villages

sing impact of urban employment. st commonly witnessed scenario.

dustrial areas attract large migrant population to work as industrial labourers. demand for housing. Such an impact also has other socio-economic bearings ative population and the migrant population.

and growth of the city impacts many nucleated settlements that were origint on agriculture by an urban way of life. As a result, the dependency diverts ties for survival.

an villages

governance and jurisdiction matters. an lands, therefore, loss of livelihood. underutilisation of workfo9rce due to inadequate skill development ulation load on finite resources al construction which violates safety measures nd social infrastructure, publuic health facilities.

agricultural land, villages started searching the alternative means of livelihood who possessed large plots constructed informal markets unauthorizedly and let rentals. This also happened partly due to the shortage of organized markets in of the DDA, especially for building materials and eatables. The process continued g big or small unauthorized markets have been responsible in sabotaging many ping centres of DDA.

physical transformation : Houses were divded, rooms amde smaller, congested settlements which used to be courtyard houses.

social and cultural transformation : The population is comprised of natives and migrants from all over the country. Sense of ownership is lost.

Economic transformation : Economic base disrupted. Income disparities and urban land vulnerabilty witnessed.

political transformation : Areas in hold of some poweful builders. People don’t have a say in the development of their area.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

38.3 %

Land Percentage of Urban Villages

60%

Poluation living in urban villages

Delhi has more than a hundred urban villages. These villages do not fall under the category of planned urban areas and they are not classified as rural areas as they are said to have lost their rural characteristics. Urban villages were also left out from the formal planning processes through the Delhi Master Plans as the state was working under the assumption that the urban surroundings of these areas will aid in the village becoming urbanized over time.

The unruly expansion of Delhi has made the issue of redevelopment of urban villages inside Delhi an integral one and was briefly addressed in the Master Plan 2021 as well. But that has also been marred to an extent by the state’s intention to aid the private developers in entering the villages through a formal roadmap. The focus is on Private Public Partnership model.

Urban villages play very important role in the functioning of the city by providing the accommodation to the people of Delhi as well as migrating people.

The density of urban villages is much higher than other colonies and gradually increasing. Urban villages covered the 38.3% land of the Delhi city but provide the accommodation to more than 60% of people.

In a planned settle at the rural-urban urban interface is b

why do we sought to improve urban villages ?

pros and con village settl

The most transitional spatial element of any developing city in India is the rural-urban interface and this aspect is demonstrated best by the urban villages of Delhi. As the government here builds more apartment blocks and Metro rail networks, buildings in old neighbourhoods such as those of the urban villages of Mundka need to be notified with proper land-use regulations and integrated into the city’s master plan.

Urban villages provide economic advantages such as cheap land prices and inexpensive housing alternatives to the service classes, but their social and physical environment needs constant upkeep to promote inclusiveness for the residents. However, proper civic infrastructure and their subsequent integration with the city can prove to be an asset of great importance for the economic development of the city as it happened for Shenzhen in China.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Commercia around the

Variety of p ent standa

Social inter of security.

Affordable commodat providing h come grou and studen

Increase multi-story and thus ventilation, parking s ic conditio load on inf

Haphazard planned se oping slum

urban villages

Territorial integration: a possible solution

ement inclusive of all types, the shift in density increases gradually as we move from Rural to Urban. Urban villages occur interface and these might comprise 30% area of Delhi but they house 60% of Delhi’s population. The density at these rural beyond their capacity and hence they comprise of matchbox houses with poor construction, no amenities and meandering

ns of urban lements

congested network of roads. Because of jurisdiction ambiguity, these lands cannot be legally leased, or offered up as collateral. Hence, no finances can be raised for development unless ULBs intervene.

DDA did propose to develop infrastructure in some of these villages however, that proposal hasn’t seen the light of day. These urban villages support the economic development of the city and have a direct influence on the city due to its proximity and connectivity. The territorial integration of these villages with the city and developing a methodology unique to their context is the only solution.

al activities in and e settlements.

people with differ-

ards of living.

raction and sense y.

e and cheaper ac-

tion for everyone, housing for low-inup, single families nts.

in density and y constructions lack of light and , open spaces, space, unhygienons and increased frastructure.

d growth and unettlements. Develm like conditions.

Rural urban interface

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Before China’s economic reform in the 1980s, Shenzhen was a small fishing village. As it was in close proximity to Hong Kong, it was chosen as a special economic zone (SEZ) to learn from and experiment with Hong Kong’s capitalist market economy. The city has undergone unprecedented growth, transforming from a fishing village into a surging metropolis in only about two decades. From a small town with an area of 3 km2 in 1978, it expanded to 390 km2 in 1979 and 1,997 km2 in 2010.

History and development of Shenzhen With the rapid urbanization in Shenzhen, more and more people from other places come here to work, live and serve the city, leading to the creation of urban villages.

The low rents in these Urban Villages attract these migrants and this makes these villages become dual-community, one from the villagers, the other from migrants Located in south-east China on the Pearl River Delta, Shenzhen is a very young city.

The city has undergone unprecedented growth, transforming from a fishing village into a surging metropolis in only about two decades. F

Baishizhou

Baishizhou is located i trict, Shenzhen, Guangd about 150,000 people The site covers a surfa has a population density the city average. Baishiz a strong history and fo described as one of the Shenzhen Baishizhou ur tive aspects, such as it is to public transports and services of the city, it al portunity for the inhabit place where to live. On to the lack of organizat tions of urban villages a tremely high density, low sufficient public service sanitation, a safety prob ditions are a threat to

well connected to pub

90 percen population

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

lack of saf ty and san

Baishizhou, Shenzhen

Studying the case of Shenzhen city and its urban villages

in the Nanshan Disdong, China. In 2016 lived in Baishizhou. ace of 0.60 km2 and y higher than that of zhou Village presents or this reason, it was e last vestiges of old rban village has posi-

s very well connected d linked to the public lso represents an optants to find a cheap the other hand, due tion, the living condiare threatened by exw building quality, ine delivery, inadequate blem, etc. Those conbasic human needs.

blic transport

Shenzhen Luoho Station : 17kms

Shekou Ferry Terminal : 12 kms

Shenzhen Bao’an Int. Airport : 23 kms

nt migrant n

vibrant, tight knit neighbourhood

Hub of small business

Affordable accomodation

fety, securinitation

deteriorating buildings

lack of civic infrastrucutre

high population density

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

migrant population and sex ratio

1

existing and proposed fram

1.2.3.

Major Stakeholders 10% native villagers, developers or govt. viewing it as GDP source than a village.

2

However, proposals are being considered to empower the majority population, the migrants, to stake their claims on how their neighbourhood

3

must

be

build.

4.

Major Stakeholders 90% migrant population Introduction of training centres and skill development projects was considered vital for the inhabitants to develop

World Bank : The Skill Development and Employment Project For rural migrants in China, skills make a difference. China has seen millions of rural workers migrating to cities. But these migrant workers are relatively poorly educated, with the majority lacking skills to make them viable options in city job markets. A program from the World Bank is helping them develop skills. The project focuses on three major challenges that rural migrants generally face in cities: skills development, employment services and worker protection.

4

their

neighbourhood

to accommodate their needs and aspirations. Inclusive development of urban villlages is being proposed for wholistic development of the city.

Be ula tu Ho th de of re

This urban village has spraw The rapid urbanisation did c flourishing small businesses villages might cripple the ci

After thorough consideratio much similar to the develop

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

mework

Baishizhou, Shenzhen

Studying the case of Shenzhen city and its urban villages

eing a part of old Shenzhen, Baishizhou was a fishing village poplated by fisherman and farmers. Houses in 1997 looked like the picure above- one storey, tiled roof houses with sloping roofs. owever, as Shenzhen transformed into a tech hub, farmers sold heir land, on which low rise, affordable housing was built. As evient from the map and the pictures of today, Baishizhou is in a state f chaos. Two kinds of grids exist in the city and the majority of area emains without any grid or organisation.

wled to become an area with deteriorating housing conditions.People live in what they call “handshake houses”. cause a sprawl of matchbox houses in the neighbouring urban villages. However, these places also became a hub of s. These villages are to be demolished and reconstructed. Urban planners have however suggested that uprooting these ity and can cause disenfranchisement among the majority of the population, i.e. the migrant population.

on, Shenzhen and its rapid urbanization and the contribution of urban villages to its economic development are very pment of the Delhi NCR region. The integration of urban villages aided the SEZ to flourish in Shenzhen.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

originally inhabited by the Gujjar Community.

The area was primarily agricultural land and the main occupation of the people was cattle rearing and agriculture.

1931-51

The

Urban Ren

Parts of Aya Nagar village along Mehrauli-Gurgaon Road were acquired by the Central Government and made into planned developments for security related establishments

The settlement com

• The original Aya N

• The Lal Dora exten

• 6 Phases with 19 b

• Ambedkar Colony

well co

1980 onwards

The influx of low-income migrants from different parts of the country. Spontaneous settlements in the form of residential colony develops on the agricultural lands.

New De Old De

ISBT Ka ISBT Dh IGI Airp

NH 236

2000 onwards

The settlement represents a microcosm of urbanising India, and it could serve as a model for planning intervention in most rapidly urbanising towns in the country. It is a typical example of the rapid urbanization taking place on the fringes of all Indian cities.

Aya Nagar Development Plan Started. Aya Nagar Vikas Samiti foeremed to represent the different socio-economic and cultural interests of the inhabitants.

In partnership with technical experts and GREHA, ANDP was formulated to go through in three stages.

1st Stage: 6-9 months 2nd Stage: 18-24 months 3rd Stage: 24-36 months

Road net colony ar

Popula Area: 18 Density

Origin o issue

drastic influ migrants in se of employm

The urban pat

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

structure, a v

e indian context : Aya Nagar

newal by Citizens : Case Example of Aya Nagar Development Plan

mprises:

Nagar village

nsion area

blocks

The settlement is well connected to the rest of Delhi by Metro (Arjangarh (Metro Station) and by two bus services. Within Aya Nagar, the Gramin Sewa auto service is available, which connects the Arjan Garh Metro Station to the settlement.

y

onnected to major hubs

elhi Railway : 29.8 km elhi Railway Station : 32.9 km

ashmiri Gate : 34.1 km haula Kuan : 20.8 km port : 18.4km

6 to Aya Nagar is 1.5 km.

twork is fairly decent. The roads within the village and the re paved, but are in a constant state of disrepair.

ation; 1.5 Lakh 85 ha y: 810 PPH

of

ux of earch ment.

issues in spontaneous settlements . lack of public sanitation provisions and the incompetently engineered

Impact

Lack of housing to accommodate exponential rise in population

citizens’ measures

spontaneous 'unauthorised' settlements formed on the outskirts of cities.

ttern found in such spontaneous settlements is more sustainable in terms of environmental

vastly reduced carbon footprint, and is more inclusive of social and economic diversity.

electricity distribution. lack of public spaces and the chaos of urban form.

Why is the settlement worth saving? greater autonomy in building and maintenance, enhanced conviviality, improved social and individual security, and reduced dominance of vehicular transport on the roads

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

The citizen’s association, named the Aya Nagar Vikas Samiti, was advised by a group of environmental designers and planners working under the aegis of a registered non-profit voluntary organization called GREHA, with some financial assistance from the Chief Minister of Delhi.

The

Urban Rene

projects proposed :

Objectives of ANDP Public health – Proper functioning drainage and water supply systems.

Safety in Mobility – better roads, de congestion of traffic, and increased bus service with a proper terminal.

Community facilities like a Baraat Ghar, Community Centre.

Government health care facilities like clinics / hospitals and veterinary services.

Colleges, especially for women, improvements in the condition of existing schools, and better sports facilities for the youth.

Places for public functions and community celebrations.

REDESIGN OF ENTRY ROAD

FESTIVAL GROUND

A framework for sustainable urban deve A case study of community mobilisation The diversity is ethnic, occupational, economic and cultural. To harness the rich human potential of the settlement it is proposed to forge a partnership between several non-government organizations which will work with the people of Aya Nagar to raise awareness and mobilise the community to work harmoniously towards a common purpose of social and physical development.

habitat design

The task of providing appropriate urban i structure, which is ecologically viable and tainable, is a great challenge in all Indian c In Aya Nagar it is proposed to start with t infrastructure components that areesse for the promotion of civilized urban existe sewerage and surface drainage, as we provision of water supply for different usa

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

e indian context : Aya Nagar

ewal by Citizens : Case Example of Aya Nagar Development Plan

D ON GRAM SABHA LAND

EXISITING IMAGES OF GRAM SABHA LAND

REDESIGN OF JOHAR AS A WATER HARVESTING POND

elopment | f an urbanising village on the outskirts of Delhi

infrad suscities. those ential enceell as ages.

raising hUman and financial resources

document learning

A working team consisting of experts and the local people is required such that the variety of skill sets of the people living in Aya Nagar can be effectively organized to implement the proposal along with a technical team of experts like planners, architects, engineers, social scientists, and community work specialists who can assist and guide the local working team.

The design and implementation of the project will need to integrate “out of the box” thinking with established formulae and practices. The components require innovative approaches to bridge the usual divide between norms and practices. Thus, recording progress becomes an opportunity to learn firsthand about restructuring urban space for benefit of the majority.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

The

Urban Rene

The project represents a micocosm of urbanising India demonstrate a new paradigm which places the conce niques for making urban systems responsive to the im

It is proposed that the key element in a new dispensation is the inclusion of the local resid lic is subjected to a rigid ‘type’ plan approach or a policy of studied neglect. An alternative introduction of planning and architectural professionals into the developmental matrix, wh posed system introduces a set of institutional modifications in the present governance str

An empowered people’s parliament (PP) and a local planning board will increase citizen in ban region where the present system of planned development has become patently dysfu ban habitat, and its linkage with the ‘organically evolved’ villages now embedded within th

MLA community dynamics

inc

ho

ate

de

ma

nd

s

People’s parliament(PP) Aya Nagar Vikas Samiti s

d

e fin

d an

m

de

de

MLC

interest groups (RWA)

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Habitat Developme

e indian context : Aya Nagar

ewal by Citizens : Case Example of Aya Nagar Development Plan

a. It is being seen as applied research for devising a methodology to erns of marginalised majority at the forefront and seeks to devise techmperatives of social justice and ecological viability.

dents in the decision-making process. This would be a radical departure from the present system wherein the pube framework of governance is, therefore, to be rooted in participation of an informed public. This is possible by the ho will represent the general public and better inform the elected political representative’s role at present. The proructure to ensure an active and informed community role in decision making.

nput and accountability of the government. It is possible that this framework could extend to other parts of the urunctional. This would be the ideal scenario for the integration of the ‘planned’ and ‘spontaneous’ portions of the urhe expanding metropolis.

framework of governace/ decision making

local planning boards 3 from PP 3 from Rev. Dept 1 from DDA 1 from Engg. Dept 3 Independent experts

Departments of GNCTD

Autonomous organisations: boards and service org.

Developemnt plan tribunal

t ent Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Shahberi was primarily an agricultural village

Agricultural lands in Shahberi and nearby villages acquired under urgency clause of Land Acquisition Act of 1894.

Landowners not compensated fully hence construction was withheld.

1931-51 No construction activity in Shahberi. Abaadi area population under control.

Population density moderate as well. Rapid construction began at the end of 2005.

till 2005 In 6 short years, construction progressed three folds. All agricultural lands were built into real estate.

Another 156.3 ha land of abaadi settlement acquired for ‘industrial developemnt’.

2009 Land acquired was utilised in building townships rather than industries which were supposed to generate employment.

Residents appealed to the courts

2011 No fresh acquisition took place after the court order, but the villagers who had been given compensation during the earlier process did not return the money and sold the land to whoever offered a bargain.

from 2011 in 2019, due to illegal unsafe construction, a six story building colllapsed onto another.

Similar case of building collapse occured six month earlier. There are many others in the village today that resemble the two that collapsed.

2019

present day

Left unchecked by the authorities,houses without licenced plans started coming up in Shahberi Houses in at least five villages in the vicinityGarhi, Behlolpur, Sarfabad, Shorkha and Gulabili have unsafe buildings.

Recently, the GNIDA declared all the buildings in Shahberi village as illegal and ordered their demolition. This meant nearly 25,000 people living in over 1,000 buildings are on the verge of losing their homes.

Tertiary ro

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

No grid ob

Shahberi

Issues in Shahberi and the proposed framework for rehabilitation

oads (3.2m wide)

“The land here is not hard enough to withstand heavy construction. The plots are swampy, and water percolates to the ground in the absence of a proper sewage system. There is an urgent need to check the status of constructions here.” Ahmed said.

“Unplanned construction is rampant and houses are coming up next to each other by over-stepping all safety norms. In fact, most buildings are over five storeys, which are not allowed in floodplains,” said Khursheed Ahmed, a resident who owns a two-storey house.

Tertiary roads (5m wide)

Road from Shahberi to site

Min road 20m wide

bserved in road network. Difficulty in laying civic infrastructure.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Framework for development of area • Proposal of a new governance model for giving developmental control back to the people.

• Facilitate self-sufficiency by securing employment.

Partnership with NSDC, IGNOU and NIIT Foundation under Skill India Initiative for skill development and training centre.

The development of urban villages might be accelerated by both public investment in infrastructure and a steady Increase in the income of residents.

The aim is to design opportunities for impact.- an architectural intervention in the form of a facility which aims to build long-term skills and assets for the villagers and eventually will lead to their socio-economic development. This development will be followed by Improved civic infrastructure and amenities.

Issues in Shahberi • Loss of cultivated land and adoption of different urban occupation.

• Agriculture labor class gets affected.

• Population in urban villages increase due to in-migration, resulting in high density, poor and insufficient infrastructure • There is a physical transformation at settlement level •No framework of building regulation illegal construction of properties with low quality standards. Collapsing of buildings.

•Rise in crime rates due to desperation and despair.

Through this thesis project, I seek to develop a practical model for open, public space that serves as a focal point for positive transformation in the surrounding area, promotes economic stability and infrastructure improvements, and is inclusive of all.

346

185 201

232 398 639 690

510

807 932 972 1014 1026 955

Area : 1.39 km2 Population : 16635 (M Population Density : 11968 pe Literacy Rate : 77.29 %

Opportunity for demographic 305 permananet workers in t Investment can be made in e programs and in skill develop self reliance in the village

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

https://geoiq.io/places/Shahberi/9Vz2yOk1Po

Shahberi

Issues in Shahberi and the proposed framework for rehabilitation

332 174 194 290 327

Skill Development and Training Centre

421 557 627 729 772 783 849 859

Economic Facilitator

Community Upliftment

Cultural Integration

Entrepreneurship support and prog.

vocational training centres

Public Spaces; festival grounds

Auditoriums, AV Rooms

Family Welfare services ; day care

Temporary Exhibition areas

Workshops

Library+ night school

Open air Theatre

808

M : 9013 ; F : 7622 eople per km2

c dividend. Only total. entrepreneurship pment to facilitate

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

lite

community upliftment, skill devel

Standards, Case Studie

erature study

lopment and training centres

es and area analysis

Training Centre A training facility for adult professionals must have flexible and technologically-advanced learning environments that are safe, healthy, comfortable, aesthetically-pleasing, and accessible. It must be able to accommodate the specific space and equipment needs of the training program and curriculum.

Classrooms Auditoriums Conference Rooms Seminar Rooms AV Equipped Rooms Computer Training Room Workshops User Support Spaces Trainee Storage Spaces Library Observation Rooms Cafeteria / Dining Hall Lobby Infirmary/Clininc Restrooms Administrative support spaces Administrative Offices Trainer Offices Operation and Maintenance Spaces General Storage Maintenance Closets Accommodation Spaces(if req)

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Building at

Cluster instructional areas a support and resource space spaces may include informa shared seminar rooms, com offices.

When connecting semi-priv more open areas, ensure mo and acoustical privacy.

Quality Acoustics: Ensure low and appropriate acoustics spaces through a combinati absorption, and sound tra niques.

Appropriate Lighting: Cons ies for ambient lighting in cla Allow individually controlled workrooms where possible.

Daylighting: Use daylighting ronment of classrooms as w

Environmentally Preferable P and finishes for interior surfa

Good Sightlines: Ensure a sightlines in auditoriums, co nar rooms. Consider sloped sightlines and are more acce

training centre

Introduction

ttributes

around central, shared es. Shared resource al gathering spaces, mputer kiosks, and trainer

vate or enclosed spaces to oderate visual openness

w ambient background noise in classrooms and support ion of space planning, sound ansmission reduction tech-

sider indirect/direct luminarassrooms and support areas. d lighting in study areas and

g to enhance the visual enviwell as support spaces.

Products: Use low VOC paints aces.

adequate and appropriate onference rooms, and semifloors, which promote good essible than tiered floors.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

hierarchy of spaces Lobby/waiting area

The House

Apron

Ticket Counter Proscenium Orchestra Pit

The Stage

Stage House Borders Service areas

The Backstage

Green Room Control Panel Crew Standby Area Service areas and Workshop

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

auditorium

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards:

Restrooms

Restrooms

Storage Areas

Costume Directory

BACKSTAGE AREA

Workshop Areas

Green Room

Crew Standby Area

Control Panel

stage AREA

Restrooms

The House

Restrooms

Lounge Area

Cafeteria

Box Office

Executives’ Offices entry vestibule

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Length of Rows A maximum of 16 seats per aisle. 25 seats per aisle is permissible, if one side exit door of 1m width is provided per 3 to 4 rows.

Distances : 65’-110 feet House Width : proscenium width :: 1.16 : 1 Curvature : lies in the centre of stage Floor Rake: The rise of 5”- 6” is required at every level. The aisle must be sloped with a slope of 1:10 min.

Cone of Vision: 30 deg vertically 40 deg horizontally

Designing the House Seating Accommodation

Horizontal Seat Distribu

D : Distance to front row DP : depth of the stage PH : proscenium height HP: clear visible height P2 : point of sight P1 : point of sight HD : horizontal distance O : offset EH : average eye height TH : top of head D : distance front row eye position to Point P

The height of stage mustalways be less than the line of sight of the first row spectator.

Rasiisng the stage will make it possible to reduce the slope but it would also produce an uncomfortable level of upwards sight for the first row spectators.

There are three basic components that must be considered for the room to function properly: sightlines, acoustic requirements for room shaping and isolation, and accessibility and egress.

Optimum depth : 4 x screen width.

Maximum depth : 6 x screen width.

House width = 2.5 - 3.5 x the screen width

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Horizontal Seat Distribution st related to the stage in plan view or angled toward the stage so forward in their seat and lookin they should not have to shift s watch the performance. This d for the audience to be “in conve

Horizontal sightlines are a pro the left and right of the aud these seats should maintain stage at the back wall of the

yond this 3/4 range of view w ished experience. The horizon in two ways - by one row vi

Vertical Seat Distributio

Vertical Sightlines require the in section view from every um to common targets at th scenium opening.The obstru front is resolved through th able chair widths to create a

auditorium

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards

ution

Seating Arrangement

tudies the location of seats as The ceiling must be designed w. Seated rows are often curved keeping in mind the reverberao that patrons are both facing tion and sound reflections. ng directly at the stage. That is, sideways or turn their heads to direct-view orientation allows ersation” with the performance.

line of sight method gives a parabolic floor rake rather than a regular rise.

oduct of the extreme seats to ditorium. As a rule of thumb, a three-quarters view of the e stage house. Any seats be-

Seat Clearances

will have a considerably diminntal seat distribution is done ision and by two row vision.

The minimum width of seats with arms is 500mm centre of arm to centre of arm. Optimum is 525mm–550mm.

on

e examination of line of sight seated row of the auditorihe stage edge and the prouction of the row directly in he seating layout using varia staggered seating pattern.

The minimum width of seats without arms is 450mm. Optimum is 500mm.

One row vision or Two Row Vision is useed for plannning the seating plan of the house.

The unobstructed vertical space between rows (seatway or clearway) should be a minimum of 300mm.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

The Stage Mechanics and Area Statement

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auditorium

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

High-level supply can be from the ceiling alone or combined with delivery at the back of seating tiers in multi-level spaces. Auditoria are large-volume spaces with high ceilings. Warm air rises, through the stack effect, creating stratification. Supplying air at high level means that the higher temperatures are adjacent to the point of delivery and the effect on the incoming air needs to be considered as it can increase the demands placed on mechanical plant. In top-down systems, balancing air velocity with low noise levels can result in insufficient air distribution into parts of the auditorium. Therefore the return air system needs to draw the air downward to avoid uneven distribution. This is rarely effective. Jet-type diffusers, located at high level, can assist where a longer throw is required. Such systems give an increased sense of freshness as the air is being moved faster but the increased supply velocity has the inherent danger of raising noise levels.

Air Distribution to the Stage

Air distribution on stage is notoriously difficult, particularly in proscenium theatres, where the large volume of the flytower is often exposed to the external elements. Also it has to assume that scenery may be stacked against any available wall space.

The stage floor plays a crucial role in performance. Supply grills or ducting is therefore not practicable on stage. Equally when there is a flytower, low-level extract is unlikely to be able to compete with the considerable stack effect occurring in the flytower. Provision for return air should be made. This is best achieved at high level, under the loading gallery, tying up with exhaust air taken from the top of the flytower, together with any exhaust air from auditorium lighting bridges.

(A) Fire detection and alarm systems (automatic fire alarm systems) (B) Fixed fire extinguishing systems / installations and A fire fi hydrant is a vertical steel pipe with an outlet, close to which two fire hoses are stored. During a fire, fire-fighters will go to the outlet, break open the hoses, attach one to the outlet, and manually open it so that water rushes out of the nozzle of the hose.

A sprinkler is a nozzle attached to a network of pipes, n and installed just below the ceiling of a room. Every sprinkler has a small glass bulb with a liquid in it. This bulb normally blocks the flow of water. In a fire, the liquid in the bulb will become hot. It will then expand, and shatter the glass bulb, removing the obstacle and causing water to spray from the sprinkler.

There are basically two types of distribution systems : Automatic wet systems are networks of pipes filled with water connected to the pumps and storage tanks, as described so far.

Automatic dry systems are networks of pipes filled with pressurized air instead of water.

The water is usually stored in concrete underground tanks. Fire pumps are usually housed in a pump room very close to the fire tanks. The key thing is that the pumps should be located at a level just below the bottom of the fire tank, so that all the water in the tanks can flow into the pumps by gravity.

There shall be at least one exit from every tier, floor or gallery for every 150 persons, provided that from every upper floor or gallery there shall not be less than two exits. Provided further that an exit by way of a stage or platform shall not be reckoned as one of the exits.

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The whole parking lot can be d mance Parking, Parking for Dis Public car parking: close to pub 25% of the seating capacity in Car turning circle radius for an Car parking for handicapped sh marked. Disabled drives require mm¨ (ambulant) wheel chair us

auditorium

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards

divided into 5 zones; VIP Zone, Perforsabled, Staff Parking, Visitor’s parking. blic entrance, with no. of car space as the auditorium. entrance drive >= 5-6.5 m. hould be near the building and clearly es parking space minimum 4800 X 2700 ser minimum 4800 X 3000 mm¨.

The basic acoustic criteria are the same.

Must have a low ambient noise level from internal and external sources Provide a reasonable level of acoustic gain Provide appropriate reverberation time Avoid echoes.

Hearing conditions in any auditorium are considerably affected by purely architectural considerations like: l Shape - layout of boundary surfaces Dimensions - seating arrangements Volume - audience capacity

Defects:

Echo Delayed reflection Sound shadow Sound concentration

Shape of auditorium and volume have a great influence on the acoustics of a room Shoebox-shaped rooms provide for strong early lateral reflections (even more important for music, but quite helpful for speech as well) Reflections down from a ceiling can often provide early reflections, and therefore should be made acoustically hard (reflective) The back walls of an auditorium have a risk of providing late reflections – both to the audience and to the stage: Providing acoustic absorption at such locations is usually helpful. This could be in the form of fabric panels, slatted wood finish, acoustic plaster or even acoustic drywall.The audience seats and the audience themselves are usually the biggest acoustic absorption in the room. The use of the right amount of acoustic absorption in the seats can serve as a great way to achieve the acoustic goals of the space.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Anthropometric data for design of office spaces

For the project, conference seminar rooms, all have the s Therefore, instead of conference rooms, these dated in open offices and using flexible furniture and m

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Anthropometric data will allow quired per person for different

conference rooms

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards

e rooms, offices and same ancillary spaces. providing seperate can be accommod seminar rooms by movable partition walls. for designing flexible innovative spaces unique to the function of the skill development facility. A general idea of area respaces if given above.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

34 inches above floor–maximum height of work surfaces 41 inches above floor–maximum height of monitors/task lights/other components Work stations shall accommodate instructors who stand, sit, or use a wheelchair:

Seminar Room / Classroom Seminar hall rooms generally accommodate smaller numbers of students seated in any number of seating configurations Seminar halls contain 19-25 seats.

A face to face seating arrangement is possible.

The instructor sometimes sits with students.

25-30 square feet per student • The screen having an aspect ratio of 4:3 • The distance from screen to farthest viewer being no more than 4 times the screen width • The distance from screen to first row of seats being no less than 1.5 - 2 times the screen width

computer training rooms

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The ceiling he should be no ished floor.

Resilient, non is a good cho lecture halls. I should be inst entry, and inst student seatin

Walls in lectur signed to pro acoustical env

seminar rooms

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards

eight of allseminar halls less than 12’ above fin-

nskid vinyl or rubber tile oice of floor covering for Ifcarpeting is used, it talled only in the aisles, structor area, not in theng area.

re halls should be deovide the optimum vironment.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

area analysis

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

workshops

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

spaces in a library

hierarchy of spaces in visitor’s domain

meeting spaces

Internet access, electronic media, computer technology, and other advancements have had a profound effect on the function and design of libraries. As a result, Library space type design must be flexible enough to take into account these types of integrated technologies as well as to properly store, handle, and circulate printed and other media types.

There are seven broad types of library space:

reading spaces

Collection space Public electronic workstation space

ACCESSIBIL

Doorways : min 3’ wide Clear and wide aisles for w Visually connecting routes wheelchair accessible restr Clear and bold signage ramps/ elevators alternativ wheelchair friendly furnitur elevators with auditory and

User seating space Staff work space

secluded reading

Meeting space Special use space

SECURE AND

Plan for fire protection, occ health, and natural hazards well as security for building assets.

Non-assignable space (including mechanical space)

The basic requirements for the

R E S T R I C T E D

Staff : 10 [ 2 professional libra and 4 other persons ] Space for book collection: 5,0 Reader space (minimum of 75 Staff work space : 1,500 sq ft Estimated additional space re Total estimated floor space :

ACCESS

support spaces and administrative offices

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library

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards

LiTY

wheelchair access. s of travel rooms and entries

ve to stairs re - desks, shelves d visual signals

SAFE

cupant safety and s mitigation, as g occupants and

SUSTAINABLE

FUNCTIONAL/OPERATIONAL Integrated technology : anticipate te future requirements of space Modular, adaptable shalving systems design for heavy floor loads (min 150LB/SF) Acoustic and visual privacy for readers different lighting for different zones calculate occupancty and provide sprinklered protected construction,

natural daylighting, through the appropriate placement of windows and skylights, and natural ventilation. Incorporate shading devices to decrease direct solar gain.

Optimising HVAC and choosing durable material finishes.

Use durable products in the Library space Plan for products with reduced packaging and recyclability potential to minimize waste.

PRODUCTIVity

AESTHETIC SPACES

The design should enable multifunctional use of spaces.

Furniture placement should not in any way hinder the circulation of the space.

natural daylight wherever permitted. visually dominant architectural features to enhance the space. create an engaing space.

Building Attributes

e library for the town of 25,000 persons are:

000 sq ft 5 seatsl : 2,250 sq ft

90 ft

arians, a college graduate, 3 assistants,

equired : 6,250 sq ft 15,000 sq ft

160 ft Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

restricted access staff support spaces AV work Room Duplication Centre AV room

Audi

Librarian’s office WORK ROOMS STORE ROOMS

Assistant’s Office

WORK ROOMS Other administrative rooms

service spaces Housekeeping

Refe

Electrical Room AHU

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R

library

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards public access Carrels Carrels

v

Research Computer Terminal

io Visual Media collection

erence Computer Terminal

Table seating (common)

Collection and reference stacks visitors' domain

Lounge seating

Reference desk

Periodicals

Check out desk entry vestibule

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Bay Area : Column Spacing Column Spacing depends on two factors: 1. Stack Areas 2. Seating Accommodation The larger the bay size, the better.

Column spacing is generally more important in concentrated stack areas than in combined stack and reading areas because in the latter suitable adjustments are easier to make . square module arrangements

x *3 ft

Bay Size 19 ft 6 in. by 19 ft 6 in.

22 ft 6 in. by 22 ft 6 in.

25 ft 6 in. by 25 ft 6 in.

28 ft 6 in. by 28 ft 6 in.

Range spacing on centres 3 ft 104/9 in.

4 ft 101/2 in.

6 ft 6 in.

3 ft 9 in.

4 ft 6 in.

5 ft 71/2 in.

3 ft 71/2 in.

4 ft 3 in.

5 ft 11/2 in.

6 ft 41/2 in.

3 ft 63/4 in.

4 ft 06/7 in.

4 ft 9 in.

5 ft 82/3 in.

square modules with column of 3’+ 1

Bay Size 18 ft by 18 ft 21 ft by 21 ft

24 ft by 24 ft

27 ft by 27 ft

x *3 ft

Sections between Ranges to columns, standard 3 ft a bay 6 5 6 4 6 3 7 6 7 5 7 4 8 7 8 6 8 5 6 4 9 8 9 7 9 6 9 5

Sections between columns, standard 3 ft 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8

Ranges to a bay 5 4 3 6 5 4 7 6 5 4 8 7 6 5 4

’

1/2

Range spacing on centres 3 ft 71/2 in.

4 ft 6 in.

6 ft 3 ft 6 in.

4 ft 22/3 in.

5 ft 3 in.

3 ft 51/7 in.

4 ft 4 ft 93/8 in.

6 ft 3 ft 41/2 in.

3 ft 102/7 in.

4 ft 6 in.

5 ft 44/7 in.

5 ft 82/3 in.

Single open carrels with the long axis of the tabletops at right angles to a wall

S o e

square modules with column spacing multiple of 3 ft.

22’6”

x *3 ft

Bay Size 22 ft 6 in. by 18 ft 22 ft 6 in. by 20 ft 22 ft 6 in. by 20 ft 10 in.

22 ft 6 in. by 21 ft 8 in.

22 ft 6 in. by 24 ft 22 ft 6 in. by 25 ft 22 ft 6 in. by 26 ft 22 ft 6 in. by 27 ft Table 3Long

4 5

Range spacing on centres 4 ft 6 in.

4 ft

5

4 ft 2 in.

5 6 6 6 6

4 ft 4 in.

4 ft 4 ft 2 in.

4 ft 4 in.

4 ft 6 in.

Ranges to a bay

Rectangular Module with 22’6”

rectangular module arrangements

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Reference : Time Saver Standards for building types

Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Double carrels in rows in a reading room separated by partitions which are at least 52 in . i n height in the front and on one side of the working area .

D in ra b in ra a

Single carrels in place of a stack section of the end of a book range

Double carrels in rows n place of two stack anges . A size of 33 by 22 in . can be used n place of two stack anges when ranges are 4 ft 3 in . on centers .

library

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards Seating Accommodation Tables for four or more : <20% Lounge chairs : <15% Individual accommodations . 85%

Single closed carrels Carrels in alcoves with tables for along a book-stack four installed with 52-in .-high wall and opening into a partitions in each direction. subsidiary stack aisle .

carrels arrangement

Double-staggered carrels with the adjacent table tops overlapping by one-half their depth, placed along walls, with 4’ ft minimum on centers and 5 ft preferred.

min spacing in carrels

“Pinwheel” groups of four carrels, preferably in a reading alcove . If the alcove is 12 by 12 ft in the clear, table tops 22 by 36 in . are recommended, with partitions at least 52 in . i n height, which extend 6 in beyond the end of each table . Shelves are ordinarily not recommended for these cases, particularly if the table top is less than 27 in . deep.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Area for seating arrangement Shelf Heights

Bay Size

Open

Double or triple - staggered

Small closed

Large Closed

18 ft 191/2 ft 21 ft 221/2 ft 24 ft 251/2 ft 27 ft

4 4 5 5 6 6 6

4 4 4 5 5 5 6

4 4 4 5 5 5 6

3 3 4 4 4 5 5

Clear Ceiling Heights

Table 4

Suggested Maximum

Suggested functional maximum

Book stacks

7 ft 6 in.

8 ft 6 in.

Stacks with lights at right angle to ranges

8 ft 4 in.

8 ft 9 in.

Stacks with light on range tops functioning by ceiling reflection

9 ft 0 in.

9 ft 6 in.

Reading areas under 100 sq. ft

7 ft 6 in.

8 ft 6 in.

Individual seating in large areas

8 ft 4 in.

9 ft 6 in.

Large reading rooms over 100 ft long broken by screens or bookcases

9 ft 6 in.

10 ft 6 in.

Auditoriums up to 1,500 sq. ft

9 ft 6 in.

10 ft 6 in.

Entrance or main level with over 20,000 sq. ft

9 ft 6 in.

10 ft 6 in.

Floor with mezzanine

15 ft 6 in.

18 ft 6 in.

Area

Book Stack Aisles Range spacing

Square feet with minimum cross aisles

Square feet with generous cross aisles

5 ft 0 in.

4 ft 6 in.

4 ft 3 in.

4 ft 0 in.

8.25 7.425 7.0125 6.60

9.00 8.10 7.65 7.20

Table 16

Book Stack Aisles Main aisle Min. Max

Subsidiary cross aisle Min. Max.

Closed-access storage

3 ft

4 ft 6 in.

2 ft 6 in.

3 ft 6 in.

Limited-access stock

3 ft

4 ft 6 in.

3 ft

3 ft 6 in.

4 ft

5 ft

3 ft

4 ft

4 ft 6 in.

6 ft

3 ft 3 in.

4 ft 6 in.

Typical use of Stock

Workroom / Staff Spaces

Square feet with adequate cross aisles combined with carrels 8.4375 7.60 7.225 6.75

Heavily used openaccess stack Heavily used openaccess stack for large collection and ranges 30 ft or more long Table 15

1 . Book Heights and She Stack sections in academic ered standard if they are 7 ft wide . Sections of this he seven shelves 12 in . on cente

2 . Stack-aisle Widths and S Stack-aisle widths should amount of use by individ and the length of the range is reached . Other things b ger the range, the wider t Table 14 suggests desirabl in conjunction with stock der different types and

.

3 Widths for Main and Sub Aisles.

Cross-aisle widths sh on amount of use bly affected by the

Book Stack Aisles Typical use of Stock

Closed-access storage stack Limited-access, little used stack for over 1,000,000 volumes Heavily used open-access stack for over 1,000,000 volumes Very heavily used open-access stack with less than 1,000,000 volumes Newspaper stack with 18 in. deep shelves Reference and current-periodical room stacks Current-periodical display stacks

Aisle width, in.

Min. Max

Range lengths Min. Max.

24

30

30

60

26

31

30

42

31

36

24

36

33

40

15

30

36

45

15

30

36

60

12

21

42

60

12

21

Table 14

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

4 Nonassignable space Includes, as far as its e pacity is concerned, the cupied by columns, me and vertical transportat

As an established rule mum allowances are m per adult reader and 20

Staff Areas

elves per Section c libraries are consid7 ft 6 in . high and 3 eight make possible ers over a 4-in . base.

Stack-range Lengths d be based on the duals and by trucks es before a ross aisle being equal, the lon-

the aisle should be . le stackaisle widths k-range lengths und amounts of use

library

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards Book Stack Standards Book stockvolumes per capita

No. of seats per 1,000 population

Circulationvolumes per capita

Total sq. ft per capita

Desirable, first floor, sq. ft per capita

Under 10,000

31/2 – 5

10

10

0.7 – 0.8

0.5 – 0.7

10,000 – 35,000

23/4 – 3

5

9.5

0.6 – 0.65

0.4 – 0.45

35,000 – 100,000

21/2 – 23/4

3

9

0.5 – 0.6

0.25 – 0.3

100,000 – 200,000

13/4 – 2

2

8

0.4 – 0.5

0.15 – 0.2

200,000 – 500,000

11/4 – 11/2

11/4

7

0.35 – 0.4

0.1 – 0.125

1 – 11/4

1

6.5

0.3

0.06 – 0.08

Population size

500,000 and up

2’8”

3’10:

1’10”

5’2”

4’0”

5’8”

bsidiary Crossstack

hould be based and are inevitacolumn spacing.

effect on book cae floor space ocechanical services, tion of all kinds

of thumb, minimade of 30 sq ft sq ft per child . T.

Minimum floor area requirement for office workstations : - Separate offices : min 8-10 m2 - Open Plan offices : min 12-15 m2 Space requirement for a workstation is as follows: - Work Room, min : 8.00 m2 -Circulation space : min. 1.5m2 /person

min. 1m wide.

Floor-to-ceiling heights - Upto 50m2 : 2.50 m - Over 50m2 : 2.75 m - Over 100m2 : 3.00 m - Over 250 and upto 2000m2 : 3.25 m

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

area analysis

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

lite

family welfare services

erature study

s- daycare facilities, health clinics

Family Service Centre

hierarchy of spaces in visitor’s domain v

Public Spaces

Program Offices Food Bank Lending Locker

Private Spaces

The Family Service Center is a community-based facility that provides educational and support programs primarily for adults and families. The support programs offered will vary widely and can include the following:

Lobby/waiting area Classroom(s) Resource room Public toilets

Semi-Public Spaces

Counselling Areas Group Therapy Rooms Staff Offices Service areas

Counseling: Counseling services may include clinical mental heath counseling, marriage or other family counseling, and abuse counseling.

Design the facility such that es to the public spaces are c from the main entrance. The re shares many characteristics w

Employment support: These services include resume preparation assistance, job search assistance, and interviewing techniques.

Financial management: These services include training and counseling for basic personal and family financial management such as balancing a checkbook, managing credit, applying for loans, etc.

Community orientation: These services provide information on local community services and recreational opportunities.

PRIVATE PUBLIC AND SEMI PUBLIC

Material and Loading Dock

non threatening environment ample staff spaces

Program Offic

safe, healthy environment flexible space design

Prog

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the entrancclearly visible esource room with a library.

family service centres

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards

The classrooms are configured like typical training facility rooms and should be designed for flexibility of use. A flexible design will provide facility managers with more options for running multiple classes.

Counselling

gram Office

Private Program

Office Space

Classrooms

g

ce

The private spaces should not be located in high traffic areas. The counselinvg spaces are similar to psychiatric facility spaces and should feel safe, confidential, and non-threatening.

Lobby Classrooms

Lobby Waiting

Resorce Room (Library/ Computer Lab)

Program Office

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Child Development Centre Child Care spaces should be secure environments that provide a variety of learning experiences and meet the physical needs of the children.

Staff and Parent areas Common Meeting Spaces Classrooms Outdoor and indoor play areas Service Spaces Food Service Space

homelike spa

Have ample natural light in children will spend time, esp classrooms Have a sense of arrival and entering the center for both parents Avoid institutional, unnatura Have no sharp edges:

Clinic Non-assignable space (including mechanical space)

The center described above included provisions for 86 children.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

SAFE, SECURE AND

aces

all spaces were pecially the

welcome upon h children and

al finishes

D healthy

school | daycare centre

Spatial requirements, relationships and standards

child sized spaces Child-sized furniture appropriate to the specific age group served Ceiling heights should be varied, low enough for intimacy, and high enough to avoid a monotonous spatial experience Windows at children’s level Doors, sinks, toilets, and water fountains are mounted at appropriate heights

outdoor and indoor play Have a (typically) 6’–0” fence completely surrounding the play area Contain a variety and scale of natural elements such as trees,

Structured, Yet Flexible Well Defined, can be recognized by children Designed for both quiet and active play Can be rearranged by children for their own activities Contain adequate storage facilities to avoid a chaotic impression

flexibility Provide movable partitions and numerous data ports and electrical outlets in the classrooms. Design for the changing nature Orient as many program offices as possible around the resource room Creche : 2-3 m2 /child plus spaces for: nappy changing table, playpens, cupboards, toy racks, child-size tables and chairs.

Kindergarten : 1.5-3 m2/child.

15-30 children/ room After-school care centre : 1.5-4m2 child.

20 children/room Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

v

1. Common Room

7. Staff

2. Group Room

8. Head

3. Play Hall

9. WC

4. Quiet Room

10. Cloakroom

5. Changing Room

11. Storeroom

6. Kitchen

12. Cleaning Materials

1. Multipurpose Room

4. Handicrafts

2. Common Room

5. Apparatus

3. Homework

6. WC 7. Storeroom

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daycare centre

Standards

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Efficien cost effe

Staff Zone

•Promote staff efficiency by min

travel between frequently used s Staff

Clinical Zone

public

•Include all needed spaces, but n

careful pre-design programming

•Provide an efficient logistics sys

vators, pneumatic tubes, box co

carts, and gravity or pneumatic c

Public Zone

of food and clean supplies and t and soiled material

•Make efficient use of space by l

they may be shared by adjacent

prudent use of multi-purpose sp

•Consolidate outpatient function

on first floor, if possible—for dire •Combine functional areas with

Cleanline sanita

•Appropriate, durable finishes fo

•Careful detailing of such feature

and finish transitions to avoid dir crevices and joints

•Adequate and appropriately loc

•Special materials, finishes, and d

to be kept sterile, such as integra

microbial surfaces might be con tions.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

health clinics

Case study :

nimizing distance of necessary

Zoning and Controlled Circulation

Flexibility and expandability

ncy and ectiveness

•Follow modular concepts of space planning and layout

It is a complex system of interrelated functions requiring

spaces

•Use generic room sizes and plans as much as possible,

constant movement of people and goods. Much of this cir-

no redundant ones. This requires

rather than highly specific ones

culation should be controlled.

g.

•Be open-ended, with well planned directions for future ex-

•Outpatients visiting diagnostic and treatment areas should

stem, which might include ele-

pansion; for instance positioning “soft spaces” such as admin-

not travel through inpatient functional areas nor encounter

onveyors, manual or automated

istrative departments, adjacent to “hard spaces” such as clini-

severely ill inpatients

chutes, for the efficient handling

cal laboratories

•Visitors should have a simple and direct route to each pa-

the removal of waste, recyclables,

Efficiency and Flexibility: The layout of the Clinic/Health Unit

tient nursing unit without penetrating other functional ar-

should promote prompt and reliable medical attention. Re-

eas

locating support spaces so that

lationship and flow diagrams created at the beginning of the

•Separate patients and visitors from industrial/logistical ar-

t functional areas, and by making

design process will ensure a sensible programming of space.

eas or floors

paces

Office support spaces such as workrooms, file rooms, copier

•Outflow of trash, recyclables, and soiled materials should

ns for more efficient operation—

areas, coat storage, and lockers typically will be integrated

be separated from movement of food and clean supplies,

ect access by outpatients

into the clinic environment. Flexibility must also be a basic

and both should be separated from routes of patients and

feature of any health care facility to keep it from rapid obso-

visitors

lescence in the face of changing needs and technologies.

•Dedicated service elevators for deliveries, food and build-

similar system requirements

ing maintenance services

Security, Safety and Accessibility

ess and ation

Therapeutic environment and aesthetics

or each functional space

•Ensuring grades are flat enough to allow easy movement

•Increased use of natural light, natural materials,

es as doorframes, casework,

and sidewalks and corridors are wide enough for two wheel-

•Bright, open, generously-scaled public spaces

rt-catching and hard-to-clean

chairs to pass easily

•Homelike and intimate scale in patient rooms, day rooms,

•Ensuring entrance areas are designed to accommodate pa-

consultation rooms, and offices

cated housekeeping spaces

tients with slower adaptation rates to dark and light; marking

•Compatibility of exterior design with its physical surround-

details for spaces which are

glass walls and doors to make their presence obvious.

ings

al cove base. The new anti-

[Discussed in detail in the coming Corridors and passageway

•Designing a “way-finding” process into every project. Pa-

section]

tients, visitors, and staff all need to know where they are,

nsidered for appropriate loca-

what their destination is, and how to get there and return.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

area analysis

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Vocational Train

case studies

ning Centres and Community Centres

Centre For R

Hand-built by lo

in rural southern

[SHARANAM | RURAL DEVEL ARCHITECTURE FOR A SOCIAL PURPO

Sharanam

Rural Development, Pondicherry, India

ocal people trained on the job by the architect this centre

n India is both an exemplar sustainable development and a force for social change in the area.

Project by : Ar. Jateen Lad Location : Usteri Lake, Pondicherry

LOPMENT | INDIA | EARTH ARCHITECTURE | COMMUNITY BUILDING | OSE | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | HOLISTIC PRACTICE | ETHICS]

Built at the edge of a rural landscape ravaged by illegal quarrying, the Sharanam Centre for Rural Development enables a local NGO to expand its transformation of chronically underdeveloped villages outside Pondicherry

Why was the projec

The project is an impecc

environment but also ha The architect Jateen Lad sought to create buildings of dignity and tranquility while addressing pressing social and environmental concerns in the process.

aptly conveys my vision

Therefore, for better und

design practices, this pr

Entirely hand-built with only rudimentary tools and without a contractor, the construction was set up as a development project upgrading the employable skills and livelihoods of over 300 local village workers who were trained on-the-job in precision blockmaking, masonry, metalwork, precasting, carpentry, stonework, flooring and finishing techniques. This procurement route ensured over 50% of the construction costs were directly invested into the villages through wages.

Today, previously unskilled workers are employable in the construction industry with many undertaking lucrative, professional contracts.

skill de

The project ers on-themaking, ram sonry, prec and finishin step instruc als by the a accountabili

earth a

The project structed fro site from w earth blocks pressed. The earth found reinforceme

Through this approach Sharanam has aimed to demonstrate how architecture working from the bottom-up can help foster sustainable social and economic development

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Sharanam

Centre for Rural Development, Pondicherry, India

ct chosen as case example ?

cable paradigm of sustainable architecture. The built form not only has merged seamlessly with its

ad a positive impact on the degenerated community. It resonates with the thesis proposition and

n on the design of Skill Development Centre for community upliftment.

derstanding of the multifunctional character of spaces designed and to stud holistic habitat

roject was chosen as a case example.

evelopment on site

community upliftment

directly employed and trained local work-job in a range of skills including blockmmed earth foundations innovative macasting, carpentry, metalwork, stonework ng techniques. Daily supervision, step-byctions and the procurement of all materiarchitect’s team ensured quality, financial ity and transparent payments to workers

The project encouraged each worker to fulfill their potential. Workers photographing their daily accomplishments on mobile phones became a common sight conveying a confidence, pride and identity with the work.

architecture

Sustainable habitat design

uses minimal steel and concrete and is conom local of resources - the red soil of the which over 200,000 unfired compressed s, of 9 different dimensions, were manually e massive superstructure is built off rammed dations avoiding the need for expensive ent concrete

Stopped illegal mud quarrying and restored the ecological landscape of site. Concerted efforts at soil healing through plantation of new indigenous flowering trees nurtured by organic methods, bunding and mulching. Revival of a local drip irrigation system has reduced the irrigation water requirement by 75%.Water conservation through ground water recharge wells, trenches and contour bunds. Surface run-off being diverted to a reservoir for re-use in irrigation.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Types of Spaces The building comprises a large vaulted multi-purpose hall (150 capacity), a variety of meeting spaces, offices, a newspaper studio, library, computer room, demonstration technologies, a community radio station and a sanitation block within a 5-acre site healed and revived through extensive plantation. The entrance sequence leads through a eucalyptus grove and along a majestic avenue of palmyra trees to a shaded green amphitheatre cut into the natural slope of the site.’

The building covers 12% of site area and after construction of exhibition halls and seminar halls for SARVAM, it will cover 30% of site area.

The building form follows hierarchy of spaces. Open spaces include the surrounding grounds, follwed by porticos and shaded walkways and then comes to enclosed building space. The building form is open and inviting.

20200 m

Gross Floor Area

1728 + 76

Building Height

The project has instilled a sense of pride in the villagers and has catalysed the series of positive transformations in the deteriorating village.

Shaded

Site Area

( landscape roof garde

Superstr Office an

Multipurpose Hall (150

Open

Office Spaces with/w

Demonstration Area

Covered Space

Meeting Space

Water Bodies

Private Space

Semi -

Public

Private

Space

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Sharanam

Centre for Rural Development, Pondicherry, India 1. Main Entrance 2. Palmyra Avenue 3. Lotus Pond 4. Amphitheatre 5. Main Building 6. Irrigation Reservoir 7. Underground Rainwater Sump 8. Toilet Block 9. Kitchen and washing courtyard 10. Future Dining Space 11. Existing Temporary Well 12. Temporary Hall for SARVAM 13. Community Radio Station

m2 (4.5 acres)

69

ed area, amphitheatre, terracing and ens )

ructure : 6.55 - 7.15 nd Kitchen : 4.30

0 People)

: 131.5m2

without Library : 30m2 , 23m2

: 31.5m2 : 35m2

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Shaded porch

Outermost circulation pathways Internal Circulation around multipurpose hall

09

05

04

08

03

01

1

02

Large vaulted structure built by earth construction techniques. Minimum cement and steel used for construction.

06

C tr tio

Several solar passive strategies have been employed to achieve thermal comfort in Sharanam. Some of them are: building orientation perpendicular to the predominant summer breeze, evaporative cooling through water bodies, effective use of piers for funneling breeze, large fenestrations, increasing the height of the building and roof overhangs for maximising ‘stack effect’.

The design of Sharanam has been inspired by the careful study of traditional Tamil buildings viz; temples, Chettinad houses and local vernaculars, all of which demonstrate a strikingly similar response to the year-round hot and humid climate of Tamil Nadu – shade from the intense heat and maximizing ventilation to combat the high humidity.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

5

Shaded spill-out spaces and green verandahs connect to office buildings with long minimalist walls contrasting with the light, openness of the superstructure.

N tir ex

Sharanam

Centre for Rural Development, Pondicherry, India

2

3

Concerted efforts at soil healing through plantation of new indigenous flowering rees nurtured by organic methods. Top soil from areas demarcated for construcon carefully removed and stored separately for use in gardening.

6

Not a single tree has been cut – the enre building has been designed around xisting trees.

7

The project directly employed and trained local workers on-the-job in a range of skills.

4

In response to the hot and humid climate, the open array of piers funnel coastal breezes into the building ensuring thermal comfort without air-conditioning or fans. Radiant underfloor cooling naturally extracts the heat from the surface of the stone flooring and granite thinnai. Evaporative Cooling from water bodies used to further cool down the space.

8

9

Multipurpose Hall of 150 capacity.

Double Height hall with ventilated openings in the ceiling and large fenestrations.

Effective use of piers for funneling breeze

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Construction as CommunityDevelopment Process The context is disturbing. Across the road from the Sharanam site, several hundred acres of village land has been illegally appropriated and quarried. Into the ravaged landscape, municipal waste is dumped and burnt smothering adjacent villages with noxious fumes.

The Issue

The villages are chronically impoverished.

Poverty, violence and alcoholism are deeply entrenched.Generational skills have been disregarded and lost Secure jobs are scarce and employable skills near absent.

Meanwhile, the regional construction industry continues apace frenzied and unchecked. Fertile farmlands are sold-off and filled seemingly overnight, with substandard concrete framed buildings built by poorly paid migrant workers, including women and children, who are expected to live in squalor on the construction site. Corruption is rife and the exploitation of land, resources and workers for profit is rampant.

Faced with these alarming conditions, the construction of the Sharanam Centre for Rural Development was set up by the architect as a social development project in its own right to address the severe environmental degradation, poverty and skills shortage impacting local communities. The aim was to build a modern, cost-effective building using sustainable materials and techniques with local village workers in an ethical way.

The Typical Condition: Standardised poor construction built by low-skilled migrant often involving women and children

measures

impact

Between 2007-2014 Sharanam ployed over 300 workers ena at least 50% of construction co be directly invested into the v es through wages. Furthermore increased skill levels helped imp livelihoods. Workers who posse no skills are today employed as sons, metalworkers and pai Those previously dismissed as ate can today read technical d ings, Masons habituated to in walls now understand the scien masonry and are empowered t tablish themselves as indepen contractors. Specialist trade such as carpenters and stonewo are now undertaking lucrative, fessional contracts.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

r quality t labour

m emabling osts to village, the prove essed s mainters. illiterdrawnfilling nce of to es-

Sharanam

Centre for Rural Development, Pondicherry, India

The Construction Condition: poor quality bricks in an industry rampant with the exploitation of land, resources and workers,

The Environmental Condition: hundreds of acres ravaged by illegal quarrying and the dumping and burning of municipal waste

The Societal Condition: chronic impoverishment and alcoholism

The massive superstructure is built off rammed earth foundations avoiding the need for expensive reinforcement concrete

Laying the first course of the thin masonry vaults.

The thickness is 24cm at the springer beam tapering to only 9cm at the keystone.

Local village workers trained in the precision manufacturing of over 200,000 compressed earth blocks from the red soil of the site

ndent esmen orkers , pro-

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

The superstructure expresses the strongest structure with the least material. Self-supporting techniques without any formwork are utilised to build an array of six extremely thin structurally optimised masonry vaults, spanning 9.5m and only 9cm thick at the keystone under which distinct gathering spaces are created through folding walls, level changes and ornamental ponds. A massive granite thinnai-a raised platform inspired from Tamil vernacular homes and temples - encloses the hall and is scaled for conversations amongst small groups workshops for 50-60 or an audience of 200. Beyond the deep stage a smaller circular hall is set out under the detached eastern vault.

Shaded spill-out spaces and green verandahs connect to office buildings with long minimalist walls contrasting with the light, openness of the superstructure. Ventilated cavity walls naturally cool the interiors - which are notable for the full height adjustable teakwood framed glazing, cool-to-touch earth plaster walls, pigmented flooring and insulating roof gardens.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Sharanam

Longitudinal and transverse sections EASTERN VAULT MULTIPURPOSE HALL

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Community

Inside or outside, horizontal or vertical, solid or the void, edg

spread the color of their life: Learning spaces, festivals, wor performances, plays, temporary health care

[RURAL DEVELOPMEN ARCHITECTURE FOR A SOCIAL PURP

y Canvas School

Sawarpada, Maharashtra, India

ge or surface, all together is the canvas for community to

rkshops, functions, social gatherings, political campaigns, and many more and thus the name ‘Community Canvas’.

Project by : Pooja Khairnar, pk_INCEPTION Location : Sawarpada, Nashik, Maharashrtre, India

NT | INNOVATIVE USE OF BUILDING FORM | COMMUNITY BUILDING | POSE | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | MULTIFUNCTIONAL SPACES ]

The story of this unique school started from a hexagonal classroom. Two visionary teachers discovered an innovative way to teach the underprivileged kids despite the lack of resources. They used walls, floors and even existing trees to read, write and learn.

The founder of `Shree Saraswati foundation’ an NGO, who helps many villages and schools, received a request from this school teacher for an additional class room with low height compound wall.

The architect’s approach was mainly to focus on providing appropriate resources for the school considering their way of learning along with the multipurpose infrastructure for villagers as there is a lack of basic facilities like healthcare & social gatherings.

Concept - Initial idea was to have continuous set of curves for a compound wall, arranged in a configuration to achieve class room inside and play areas outside. This curve would act as an unending canvas for writing. Later, a single curve seemed more appropriate to because it opened up the space to communal activites.

“First life, then spaces, then buildings – the other way around never works – Jan Gehl”

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Site Area

64m2

Gross Floor Area

45m2

Building Height

4m

Community Canvas School

Sawarpada, Maharashtra, India

Why was the project chosen as case study ?

The project was chosen to study innovative use of multifunctional spaces. The architectural form is serves not only as a structure but as a means for upliftment of the social dimension. The project demonstrates “Architecture for the People” . The building typology, its clmate responsive design practices, fluid design and its noble philosophy was studied for deriving design directives and formulating the public paticipation model for the thesis proposition.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Types of Spaces Inside or outside, horizontal or vertical, solid or the void, edge or surface, all together is the canvas for community to spread the color of their life: Learning spaces, festivals, workshops, functions, social gatherings, political campaigns, performances, plays, temporary health care and many more and thus the name ‘Community Canvas’.

The central open ground forms a continuum between the exisitng hexagonal building and the later additions.

The project demonstrates innovative use of resources and utilises space to its maximum potential. The curves and the unique building form becomes a a canvas for creative use of space by kids.

A small area of 64m2 is managed to function more than just a school to kids.

The flexible nature of spaces designed has helped in the social development of the community as well.

1. Parking and Entrance 2. Ground 3. Stage 4. Amphitheatre

No enclosed space has been used for any part of the programme.

5. Classroom 1 6. Classroom 2 7. Informal Activity Area

Material Used: 1. Facade cladding: Blackboard Paint 2. Flooring: Concrete and Kadappa stone 3. Roofing: Metal roof

8. Courtyard 9. Existing Building 10. Water tank 11. Backyard 12. Way to Washrooms

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Community Canvas School

Sawarpada, Maharashtra, India

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

1

A covered space is created by adding mation an informal activity area is crea

Inferences from project The building form proves to be instrumental in activating a space. Walls, steps, courtyards, windows are not just components of built strucutre, but solid and voids in space, that can be utilised in infinite ways to create an out of the box building which never fails to surprise in the odd ways it serves the users.

5

To embrace parking a concave black narrow opening becomes the entranc playground surrounded with circular p ture.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Community Canvas School

Centre for Rural Development, Pondicherry, India

2

3

a wall parallel to the curve which could accommodate two classrooms. In this forated which divides as well as connects both the classrooms.

surface is set forth at the entrance. The ce which directs you towards the circular plinth connecting both old and new struc-

6

4

The black wall enveloping the central open space is sliced in inverted arches at some point where the village and school can interact with each other. These inverted arches also become the playful element for the kids.

7

The classrooms are covered with metal roof which goes along the curve of the A change of level is created into the wall, complimenting both the inside and outside spaces. The terracotta color of plinth to include amphitheater and stage. the roof merges with roofscape of the surrounding settlement.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Spiritual and Skill De Jetvana is the name of one of the Buddha’s most important

grove of Jet

[RURAL DEVELOPMEN ARCHITECTURE FOR A SOCIAL PURP

Jetavan

evelpoment Centre, Maharashtra, India spatial edifice which when literally translated means: the

ta, land donated to the sangha for founding a monastery.

Project by : Sameep Padora & Associates Location : Maharashtra, India

NT | INNOVATIVE USE OF BUILDING FORM | COMMUNITY BUILDING | POSE | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | MULTIFUNCTIONAL SPACES ]

The institute was programmed as a spiritual & skill development center for the native Dalit Baudh Ambedkar Buddhist community. The mandate of Jetavana is to provide a spiritual anchor for their practice of Buddhist thought through meditation and yoga while also imparting training and skill development for members of the community.

Set in rural maharashtra in western india, sameep padora and associates has completed a holistic and sensitively built space for the local community. the ‘jetavan centre’ was constructed with the help of the villagers, artisans and utilized locally-sourced materials and combines traditional to contemporary architectural elements.

Jetavan centre demonstrates the approach to using traditional materials and construction techniques to preserve the local, cultural diversities and in turn, this promotes social inclusion and the buddhist principles

Why was the projec

The Centre is being stud

are aestheically pleasing

solutions to enhance the

The lifted butterfly roof encourages air flow, light and views of the outside

sustainable habitat desi

Each building wraps around a garden spac

It is a bricolage of locally sourced and recycled materials. It has been made with what was on hand, using construction methods that employed existing materials.

There is a strong modernist aesthetic in the rectilinear forms of the concrete-looking rammed walls, boasting massive concrete box gutters with an impressive span.

At night, the centre used as space for gatherings

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

The structure uses ly construction tec local building mater well with its surrou introduction of the C neighbourhood has socio-economic d of the region and ha tained ecological vi same time.

Materials and const in Bhuj, Gudjarat. Th the capacity to shap

Jetavan

Spiritual and Skill Develpoment Centre, Maharashtra, India

ct chosen as a case example ?

died for its structural details and local building techniques which while being environment friendly

g as well. the study focusses on the centre’s building form, passive design strategies and ingenious

e quality of spaces.

ign

eco- friendchniques and rials. It blens undings. The Centre in the s led to the development as also mainiability at the

GREEN BUILDING PRACTICES .The project utilized locally-sourced materials and combines traditional to contemporary architectural elements.

Building materials procured from nearby quarry (stone ash), Roof supports made from repurposed wood from ship remanants and mud and cow dung flooring used in the building.

holistic development The project has successfully blended in the landscape without disturbing the ecosystem, utilised by products of other industries and demolition sites, thus benifitting the environment. Also, it has improved the socio-economic well being and to some extent encouraged self sufficiency in the community.

Providing a spiritual purpose while also teaching skill development to the members of the Dalit Baudh Community..

truction methods were developed in collaboration with sP+a, the local community, and Hunnarshala – an institution based heir work centers on the revival of local artisanal knowledge, technologies, and skills, working with communities to develop pe their own habitats using their own methods.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Spaces With the mandate of not harming a single tree on site, the sizable program was split up into 6 buildings each situated in gaps between the heavy planting.

Through the design process, two courtyards emerged as links suturing these buildings into a common identity.

The Scheme was positioned on the forested 1/2 plot and the structure itself features three main buildings; all of which circulates around tranquil courtyards. the pavilion-like buildings comprises of facilities such as guest rooms, administration office, a prayer hall and rooms for workshops. the structure features a butterfly roof -lifted using timber beams built from salvaged wood from a ship breaking yard and finished with locally procured tiles. this specific approach encourages natural ventilation and opens the interior up to views of the surrounding greenery. Furthermore, walls have been built using cement mixed with ash and the floors using cow-dung and mud.

Inverted roof supports connect the enclosed space visually to the foilage outside.

the 1/2 plot has over 40 trees, but none were cut to make place for the centre

The stone dust, a waste from a nearby quarry is mixed with waste fly ash for walls. Repurposed wood from old shipping vessels acts as roof structure, with the understructure made of mud rolls, which are also great insulation. The roof itself is finished with clay roof tiles, remnants from older demolished buildings.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Fly ash (a by-product of adjoining sugar factory).

Stone Dust from waste quarry 13 kilometers from t

The roof trus salvaged wo a ship-break

Jetavan

Spiritual and Skill Develpoment Centre, Maharashtra, India

f the .

Mangalore clay roof tiles are sourced from local demolition sites.

from a the site

ss repurposes the ood of sea vessels from king yard in Alang

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

The building’s tectonics are imbued with narrative; its materiality and construction tell a story of context, tradition, and history through an embodiment of local knowledge and labor. This story is clearly told through the strong articulation of its structure; each joint reveals exactly how it was made, how it connects one thing to the next. Surfaces are left unfinished and exposed, with nothing clad or concealed. This is not a claim that the building is ‘honest’, but that its design shows an understanding that architecture is inherent with the potential for expression, through engaging with the layered realms of history, material, and knowledge of place.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Jetavan

Building Techmology and materials The load-bearing rammed walls are a composite of basalt stone dust (waste from a quarry 13 kilometers from the site) and fly ash (a by-product of the adjoining sugar factory). The roof truss repurposes the salvaged wood of sea vessels from a ship-breaking yard in Alang, and the Mangalore clay roof tiles are sourced from local demolition sites.

Much of the building’s construction, however, relies on local artisan skills. The flooring uses a local traditional technique of compressed mud and cow dung, known for its cooling and antiseptic properties.

Local techniques were used in the roof insulation system, a series of wooden batons covered by jute cloth and dipped in wet clay — a method developed especially for the project.

mangalore clay tiles

Wooden Roof trusses

Rammed wall of basalt stone dust

mud and cow dung flooring

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Inversion of the roof profile with a central valley in the middle and rising edges ensured that the interior spaces were visually connected with the foliage outside. The interior spaces hence are also a function of the outside setting, with a lightness that belies the heavy programs on site. The separation of the roof from the walls while providing much-needed cross ventilation also scales the building towards the courtyard.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Jetavan

Spiritual and Skill Develpoment Centre, Maharashtra, India

01. Administrative Office : 25 m2 02. Pantry : 5 m2 03. Storeroom : 4 m2 04. Restrooms(M) : 10 m2 05. Restrooms(F) : 10 m2

06. Prayer Hall : 90 m2 07. Workshop Block : 105 m2 08. Guest Room : 16.5 m2 09. Guest Bathroom : 4 m2 10. Guest meditation : 4 m2

11. Guest Room : 16.5 m2 12. Guest Bathroom : 4 m2 13. Guest Room : 16.5 m2 14. Guest Bathroom : 4 m

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Sk

Manavsadhna activity centre is an epitome of integrate

perennial problems of the developing world. The activit

from domestic centre. The centre has been built with th

and its construction techniques and detailing h

[RURAL DEVELOPMEN ARCHITECTURE FOR A SOCIAL PURP

Manav Sadhna

kill Development Centre, Ahmedabad,

ed architectural design which attempts to resolve several

ty centre is built entirely with the recycled waste material

he involvement of local unskilled and semi skilled persons

has been done keeping such mode of production in mind.

Project by : Yatin Pandya Location : Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India

NT | INNOVATIVE USE OF BUILDING FORM | COMMUNITY BUILDING | POSE | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | MULTIFUNCTIONAL SPACES ]

Why was the proje

Non-polluting environment, economic empowerment and affordable built forms are the three key dimensions of this initiative.

The centre is an apt exa

dump fill site waste, cr

wares, compact disc an

The project is an outcome of over three years of empirical research, with the goal of effectively converting municipal waste from the domestic sector into functional building components. First hand experiments and on-site explorations have led to the development of innovative building components that use waste, simple handoperated tools and local resources and know-how.

elements. The architect

recycling of waste, em

cesses and improves th

community Developmen

It also demonstrates that building can become an economic activity, empowering the poor. It shows potential of becoming a cottage industry for economic self-reliance and possibilities to improve the quality of their homes using the affordable alternative building components. Manavsadhna activity centre and the crèche are located amidst one of the largest squatter settlements of Ahmedabad.

It has been an exam process of building u resources. It has als that design can help life and aesthetics c Having begun as fir in poor neighborho centre is added to its worth as well as

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Manav Sadhna

Skill Development Centre, Ahmedabad,

ect chosen as case study ?

ample of sustainable design using recycled waste as the building components. Waste such as fly ash,

rate packaging, plastic water bottles, glass bottles, rag, wrappers, metals crap and broken ceramic

nd electronic hardware etc. have been transformed into walling, roofing, flooring and fenestration

ture thus creatively demonstrates environmental concern by reducing pollution and energy through

mpowers the poor economically by generating economic opportunities through value addition pro-

heir quality of life by developing affordable and durable alternative building products for their homes.

nt

mple of participatory using local skills and so ably personified p improve quality of can be personified. rst centre of its kind ood every year new the cluster proving s social acceptance.

holistic development

Flexibility in design

By recycling waste it addresses the issue of environmental pollution.

By converting the waste into building product it creates employment opportunity for the urban poor and thereby economic empowerment.

The products locally developed are cheaper and better than the conventional alternatives thereby making buildings affordable.

The Centre has become the most plural and lively node for the community providing education, vocational training, Gymnasium and health care facility much needed in thepoor neighborhood.The Crèche facility, which has been recently added, helps women to leave their children, while they go to work. Local grandmothers from the area look after their children.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Types of Spaces.

The activity centre is located amidst the largest squatter settlement of Ahmedabad, and was created under the initiative of the social NGO, Manav Sadhna. The multi-purpose activity centre serves as an informal school for young children in the mornings, provides evening education for adults and serves as a vocational training centre and activity workshop for the manufacturing of craft based products by women and elderly during the day. The campus also includes a dormitory, an administrative unit and an all-religion meditation unit.

A crèche has been added later to look after the young children when their parents are away earning wages. The community centre apart from becoming interactive place during festivities also doubles up as health centre and Gym on the routine basis.

upper ground f

Circulat

Vocational Training Hall

Vocational Training Hall

Non-Formal School

Pre- Primary School :

Exhibition Space

Library

Workshop Sump

Meditation Place Site Area

Hostel Room 1

1100m2

Hostel Room 2 Gross Floor Area

Pantry and Kitchen

515m2 + 438m2

Steps Building Height

4m

The project also demonstrates that building can become an economic activity, empowering the poor. It shows potential of becoming a cottage industry for economic self-reliance and possibilities to improve the quality of their homes using the affordable alternative building components.

Outside vegetatio

Shaded Pathways

Central courtyard Paved courtyard Enclosed Spaces

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Manav Sadhna

Skill Development Centre, Ahmedabad

floor plan

tion on site

l1

: 40 m2

l 2 : 40 m2

WASH AREA KITCHEN

: 40 m2

: 28 m2

: 18 m2

: 10 m2

: 10 m2

: 12 m2

: 18 m2

: 18 m2

: 15 m2

on

s

d (unpaved)

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Plinth : 1m above ground. ht of building structures 4m - 10m .

Lower ground f

SECTION AA

Circula Daycare Gym Toilets

Aanganwaadi :

Courtyard

SECTION BB

Radial organisation of

a multipurpose centra

binds the complex toge

The arrangement of enc around courtyard in L

SECTION CC

the windward side, ensu

tilation. Variation in Ce

and vents provided nea cilitate stack effect.

Venturi effect used in

including ceiling open change of cool breeze.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Manav Sadhna

Skill Development Centre, Ahmedabad

floor plan GYM

ation on site

Toilets Shaft area

: 20 m2

Daycare

Aanganwadi

: 20 m2

: 10 m2

Courtyard

: 40 m2

: 40 m2

spces around

al courtyards

ether.

SE

CT

closed spaces

ION

SE

CT

shape, facing

ION

BB CC

ure cross ven-

eiling heights

ar ceiling to fafenestrations

nings for exSECTION AA

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Building Materials

Wall Techniques 1. Cement Bonded Flyash Bricks 2. Mould Compressed Bricks 3. Stabilized Soil Blocks 4. Recycled Glass Bottles 5. Recycled Plastic Bottles 6. Vegetable Crate Wood Paneling.

Floors And Roof Slabs 1. Filler Slab With Glass Bottles 2. With Plastic Bottles And Bricks 3. Stone Slab 4. Cement Bonded Particle Board With Clay Tile Cover 5. Piperuss With G.I. Sheet

The building, apart from its flexible layout allowing the multipurpose activities, serves as an open book, demonstrating the conversion of the domestic and municipal waste into affordable, effective and aesthetic building components.

This is conceived as a live demonstration of these concerns and placed amongst the people so users can emulate them in their own habitat. The project has ably demonstrated application of nearly twenty types of recycled waste. These applications cover the alternative components for Roofing, flooring, walling as well as fenestrations.

The alternative building components created through such waste recycling have been lab tested for their strength and other performance criteria, which they successfully fulfill. Task performance and costs were the basic bottom lines with which they were created, so the newly developed components and building techniques continue to be comparable by cost but in addition they remain better performing and aesthetically pleasing.

Door Paneling 1. Shreded Packaging Wrapper 2. Coated Paper Waste As Reinforcement Substitute ForFiber Reinforced Plastic(FRP) The fly ash blocks are being mass produced and successfully used for number of sites across the town. The centre construction process was participatory and many local people participated with their skilled and unskilled labour and earned wages through the same.

The use of recycled building materials was not limited to Manavsadhna Centres.

Even local people have emulated some basic components such as t in paneling doors, crate walls etc. Builders have shown interest in using some of the components such as mosaic tiles or paver blocks or rag reinforced FRP panels etc if mass produced.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Recycled glass bottles used in op

Manav Sadhna

Skill Development Centre, Ahmedabad

Door panelling using recycled steel decorated with discarded CDs. The illumination of the space when reflected by the CD coating gives a sparkling appearance to the translucent door panels.

penings.

3d model of the activity centre giving a clear picture of the arrangement of spaces.

Vegetable crate wall with steel frame.

The concerns demonstrated in the design and construction has been well appreciated by the construction fraternity and the project has been a role model for students and professionals in other urban centres to emulate.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Vocational

Shri Nathubhai & Smt. Parvatiben Nathubhai Desai Vo

Inside or outside, horizontal or vertical, solid or the void, edg

spread the color of their life: Learning spaces, festivals, wor performances, plays, temporary health care

INNOVATIVE USE OF BUILDING FORM | PROFE

Training Centre

ocational Training Centre, Valghadhara

ge or surface, all together is the canvas for community to

rkshops, functions, social gatherings, political campaigns, and many more and thus the name ‘Community Canvas’.

Project by : Pooja Khairnar, pk_INCEPTION Location : Valghadhara, Valsad, Gujrat, India

[TRIBAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT | ESSIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTE | MODULAR PLANNING OF SPACES ]

Shri Nathubh

The institute was set up to improve livelihood of tribal families in Valsad District of Gujarat, by providing high quality training, soft skills and employment assistance to the school dropout children and unemployed tribal youth.

Site Area

Gross Floor Area Building Height

Vaghaldhara Vocational Training Center is establiished by VVKM in August 2010 under Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana of Tribal Development Department, Government of Gujarat. Government has created Development Support Agency of Gujarat (DSAG) for implementation of projects under this scheme. Vocational Training Centre under Public-Private Partnership (PPP) are being supported by DSAG. Focus of the scheme is to create state-of-art infrastructure and competence for skilling of tribal youth.

17,900 m2

8,000 m2 (

16m

climate responsive design

well connected through NH secondary roads

Natural texture and finishe design.

landscaping used not only

form aesthetics but also t conditions

Modularity emphasized in d

formal institute built by th

not a public participatory

building form holds a dist

character with arcaded c

tional construction pract

ceiling spaces and high win

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Vocational Training Centre

hai & Smt. Parvatiben Nathubhai Desai Vocational Training Centre Why was the project chosen as case study ?

The project is a typical example of vocational trianing centres in India. Studying the spaces of this centre was done to get a practical sense of space required for smooth functioning of the centre, especially the workshops in SDCs.

(hostel & VTC )

Apart from this, the context was studies to understand the role of neighbourhood in success of the centre. Importance of good connectivity has been pressed upon as a major factor.

H8 and other

es- simple building

y to enhance building

to regulate climatic

design of spaces

he govt. of india and

y initiative

tinct architectural

Hostel Block

corridors, tradi-

tices, revival of high

Vocational Training Centre

ndows

Teachers’ Residence Block NH 8

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Shri Nathubhai & Smt. Parv typical plan for ground and first floor

02

01 03

Library , Computer lab

: 54 m2

Workshops and Labs

: 110 m2

Theory Classrooms

: 54m2

Administrative offices

: 70 m2

Toilet Block

: 62 m2

Open to sky 04 Total Area of GF

: 2500 m2

Total Area Vocational Centre block : 5000 m2

Entrance Porch

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Vocational Training Centre

vatiben Nathubhai Desai Vocational Training Centre, Valghadhara

05

1 Arcaded corridors well lit by natural light and opening up to a refreshing view of the garden.

3

2 Double height workshop rooms make the space appear more spacious and light. Oblong clerestory windows ensure ample amount of natural light and ventilation. (stack effect maximised)

4 The red of the exposed brick facade compliments the greens of the surrounding parks and gardens.

All Openings are deep seated within a wall cavity.

These act as vertical and horizontal shading devices, preventing any direc sunlight exposure.

All corridors end at the garden which serves as an informal learning / discussion space. Building’s natural colours and textures enhanced by landscaping.

5 Landscaping plays a major role not only in influencing the microclimate of site, but also in the creating a sense of tranquility and comfort. The building’s natural finishes are enriched by curtains of honeysuckle draping from the above floor. The character of arcaded corridors is brought out by Plumeria Alba juxtaposed next to it.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Shri Nathubhai & Smt. Parv

Architectural Lab : workshops and labs have double ceiling height.

Hostel Building facade

Valghadhara Vocational Training centre has succesfully helped in empowering tribal youth living in Valasad District.

Entrance to the Vocational Training

Theory Classrooms in VTC Building.

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Vocational Training Centre

vatiben Nathubhai Desai Vocational Training Centre, Valghadhara

.

Site plan explaing placement of Vocational training centre block, Hostel Blocks and Teachers’ residence block, along with xisting site features like the senior secondary school managed by VVKM foundation.

Site plan also demarcates access routes, gardens, parks and playgrounds, Clearly suggesting that each building block has its own intimate green open space and the whole complex has a larger common green space.

Centre

Exterior view of the VTC building.

Simple yet aesthetically pleasing facade.

Workshops conducte in the open area of the institute’s campus.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Shri Nathubhai & Smt. Parv 03

04

02

Dormitories

: 1100 m2

Administrative office

Bathrooms

: 52 m2

Toilet Block

Common Hall

: 651 m2

Dining Hall

: 250 m2

Kitchen

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Total Area of GF

Total Area Hostel block

Vocational Training Centre

vatiben Nathubhai Desai Vocational Training Centre, Valghadhara

1 Large arched opening on first floor for light nd ventilation enforced with steel frame.

es

: 22 m2

: 52 m2

: 116 m2 : 2265 m2

3

2 Large, thin openings and large rectangular opening have been used for facade treatment. This brings in ample amount of light to the rooms in hostels. All viiews from hostel have a lush green scenery, except the back.

4

No corridors open into backside Hostel corridors at ground floor. of hostel. The area has become a Wall openings used as a secondary seating space. The corridors face the garden side and the 3m wide corridor becomes a place of solace. wasteland.

No fixtures have been used (railings, bars etc). All extrusions have been constructed from brick and is part of the design form.

: 3000 m2 Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Several solar passive strategies have been employed to achieve thermal comfort Some of them are: building orientation perpendicular to the predominant summer breeze, Oblong and thin fenestrations for cool breeze(venturi effect), increasing the height of the building and roof overhangs for maximising ‘stack effect’.

Shri Nathubhai & Smt. Parv

Modular design assumed for workshops and classrooms.

Facade design prevents exposure to direct sunlight. But the building is well lit with diffused sunlight.

area distribution

The institute is well designed, is visually appealing and incorporates passive measures for microclimate moderation.

However, maintenance cost are more due to exposed brick facade. Hence, might not prove to be economically viable, due to the weathering of the brick facade and accumulation of algae.

Also, the case study was helpful in understanding the area distribution and the types of spaces to be incorporated in the thesis design, the building form I am looking to design will be slightly towards the intimate human scale.

The institute caters to 600 trainees and is capable of handling 1000-1200 trianees at the same time. Hence, the size of spaces matches our requirements.

inferences Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Vocational Training Centre

vatiben Nathubhai Desai Vocational Training Centre, Valghadhara

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Indu

Oriented towards women empowerment, the institue focuss

enabling them secure jobs in the tert

PROFESSIONAL TRAININ

ITI, Adampur

ustrial Training Institute, Adampur, Jind

ses on preparing their trainees to achieve self reliance by

tiary sector, thereby enabling them to sustain themselves in the changing job market.

Project by : Pooja Khairnar, pk_INCEPTION Location : Adampur, Jind, Haryana, India

[RURAL DEVELOPMENT | COMMUNITY UPLIFTMENT NG INSTITUTE BUILDING | SPECIFIC AND RIGID AREA PROGRAMME]

Why was the project c

The project was chose offeres a variety of co ing applications to dre courses are conducted specifically for them. T ible but it allowed for a of the spaces to be de

Built in 1985, the institue has since empowered the youth by training them in various soft skills and trades that has helped them secure jobs and become self dependent.

The ITI(W) Jind is participating in the process of technological growth and development in preparing a large pool of talent which can effectively contribute to the economic development of the nation

Site Area

Gross Floor Area

It aims to be state’s most progressive ITI for women, internationally recognized for the relevance , innovation and responsiveness of its teaching and earning ,research and internationally activities

Building Height

55480

12000

8-10m

ITI Women (

ITI Women (I

ITI Boys (mac

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

ITI, Adampur

Industrial Training Institute, Adampur, Jind

chosen as case study ?

en because the institute ourses - from engineeressmaking. All of these d in spaces tailor made The planning is not flexa critical spatial analysis esigned.

0 m2

m2 (hostel & VTC )

Dressmaking )

IT and COPA)

chine shop)

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Site plan for ITI Jind ( for women )

Dressmaking work

Home Science workshops

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

kshop

ITI, Adampur

Industrial Training Institute, Adampur, Jind : 22 m2

7

The project directly employed and trained local workers on-the-job in a range of skills.

Multipurpose Hall of 150 capacity.

Double Height hall with ventilated openings in the ceiling and large fenestrations.

Effective use of piers for funneling breeze

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Sewing Theory rooms Open terrace

CAD Lab

Sewing Workshop

IDD Theory Room

Embroidery workshop

Embroidery workshop

GI Room

Toilet Block

IDD Theory Room

Total Area of GF Total Area block

: 800 m2

(including circulation and staircase area )

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

ITI, Adampur

Industrial Training Institute for women, Adampur, Jind

: 116 m2

: 65 m2

: 65 m2

: 70 m2

: 70 m2

: 70 m2

: 20 m2

: 30 m2

Sewing workshop

: 20 m

2

: 400 m2

Surface Ornamentation / Embroidery

Computer Training Lab

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Theory Rooms

HSC Theory Rooms

COPA Lab

DMC Theory room

Library

Electronics Mechanic

IT Lab

Administrative offices

Toilet Block

DMC Workshop

Store

Area including 20% circulation s

Total Area of GF Total Area of block

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

ITI, Adampur

Industrial Training Institute for women, Adampur, Jind

: 32 m2

: 36 m2

: 75 m2

: 52 m2

: 52 m2

: 97 m2

: 32 m2

The project directly employed and trained local workers on-the-job in a range of skills.

: 32 m2

: 18.3 m2

: 66 m2

: 18.4 m2

space :

: 500 m2

: 1000 m2

Multipurpose Hall of 150 capacity.

Double Height hall with ventilated openings in the ceiling and large fenestrations.

Effective use of piers for funneling breeze

Not a single tree has been cut – the entire building has been designed around existing trees.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

16450

ground floor plan

14900

1150

3420

1600

2050 TERRACE

BLOCK-C FIRST FLOOR PLAN

1450

2000 PROJECTION 2.00 M. WIDE

3770

PLUMBER WORKSHOP 12.55X7.00-3.65X1.11 M. 83.80 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

500 950

DISEL MECHANIC THEORY ROOM 10.79X6.90 M. 65.00 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

1150

1180

1450

3650

R & AC THEORY ROOM 8.80X7.00 M. 61.60 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

1500

PLUMBER THEORY ROOM 7.00X6.90 M. 48.30 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

2000

STENO HINDI THEORY ROOM 7.07X5.72M. 40.44 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

G.I.ROOM 3.81X5.77 M. 21.98 M²

7.35 X6.75 M. 49.61 M²

18550

3650

ITI, Adampur

Industrial Training Institute, Adampur, Jind 59400

7600

7000

TOILET 7.00X5.81 M. 40.67 M²

15000

9350

6150

IT LAB-II 10.72X6.37M. 68.28 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

6700

TURNER-II WORKSHOP 25.74X7.27M. 187.13 M²

15300

STENO HINDI LAB 7.05X7.00 M. 49.35 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

7600

R/S

CORRIDOR 2.50 M. WIDE

ENTERS LOBBY 7.35 X6.75 M. 49.61 M² J.A.P.O. ROOM 3.42X3.34 M. 11.42 M²

STAFF ROOM 3.49X5.70 M. 19.89 M²

PRINCIPAL ROOM-II 3.42X6.02 M. 20.58 M²

MACHINIST WORKSHOP 25.74X5.98 M. 153.92 M²

14900

1600

1150

3420

1150

1180

3650

1450

3770

1500

LIBRARY 14.37X6.90 M. 99.15 M²

18550

3650

2050 PORCH

BLOCK-C GROUND FLOOR PLAN

ground floor IT Lab 2

: 68 m2

Tractor Mechanic Theory Room

: 68.28 m2

Toilet block

: 40.67m2 ; 43.5 m2

Machinist workshop

: 154 m2

Turner 1 workshop

: 187 m2

JAPO Room

: 11.5 m2

Library

: 100 m2

Principal Room 2

: 20.5 m2

Staff Room

: 20 m2

Steno Hindi Lab

: 49 m2

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

first floor plan

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

15300

16450

500 950

1450

3770

PAINTER WORKSHOP 12.60X7.00-3.65X1.80 83.90 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

ELECTRONIC MECHANIC LAB 10.79X5.68 M. 61.28 M²

1500

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

G.I.ROOM-II 3.65X4.45 M. 16.24 M²

2000

2000 1150

1150

1180

1450

3420

ITI, Adampur ENTERS LOBBY 7.35 X6.75 M. 49.61 M²

ELECTRONIC MECHANIC LAB 10.79X6.90 M. 65.00 M²

ELECTRONICS MECHANIC THEORY ROOM 7.00X6.90 M. 48.30 M²

ELECTRONICS MECHANIC THEORY ROOM 7.07X5.72 M. 40.44 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

3650

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

CORRIDOR 2.50 M. WIDE

PROJECTION 2.00 M. WIDE

Industrial Training Institute, Adampur, Jind

14900

1600

BLOCK-C SECOND FLOOR PLAN

18550

3650

2050

59400

TRACTOR MECHANIC (NCVT) THEORY ROOM 10.72X6.37M. 68.28 M²

TOILET 7.00X5.81 M. 40.67 M²

2600

6700

2600

6150

1500

9350

TURNER -I THEORY ROOM 5.17X6.97 M. 36.03 M²

MACHINIST THEORY ROOM 7.49X6.97 M. 52.20 M²

TURNER -II THEORY ROOM 6.15X4.64 M. 28.53 M²

TOILET 6.24X6.97 M. 43.49 M²

15300

E.S. ROOM 7.07X7.04 M. 49.77 M²

CORRIDOR 2.50 M. WIDE

14900

1150

1600

PLUMBER WORKSHOP 12.55X7.00-3.65X1.11 M. 83.80 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

1450

PROJECTION 2.00 M. WIDE

18550

3650

2050 TERRACE

BLOCK-C FIRST FLOOR PLAN

59400 7600

7000

STENO HINDI LAB 7.05X7.00 M. 49.35 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

16450

500 950

3420

3770

R & AC THEORY ROOM 8.80X7.00 M. 61.60 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

1500

DISEL MECHANIC THEORY ROOM 10.79X6.90 M. 65.00 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

1150

1180

1450

3650

G.I.ROOM 3.81X5.77 M. 21.98 M²

2000

PLUMBER THEORY ROOM 7.00X6.90 M. 48.30 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

2000

STENO HINDI THEORY ROOM 7.07X5.72M. 40.44 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

ENTERS LOBBY 7.35 X6.75 M. 49.61 M²

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

CORRIDOR 2.50 M. WIDE

TOILET 7.00X5.81 M. 40.67 M²

7600

15000

IT LAB-II 10.72X6.37M. 68.28 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

9350

6150

first floor 6700

ES Room

: 50 m2

Tractor Mechanic Theory Room

: 68.28 m2

Toilet block

: 40.67m2 ; 43.5 m2

TURNER-II WORKSHOP 25.74X7.27M. 187.13 M²

15300

16450

15000 1500

7600 1500

7000 1500

7600

R/S

CORRIDOR 2.50 M. WIDE

Machinist Theory Room ENTERS LOBBY 7.35 X6.75 M. 49.61 M²

LIBRARY 14.37X6.90 M. 99.15 M²

J.A.P.O. ROOM 3.42X3.34 M. 11.42 M²

STAFF ROOM 3.49X5.70 M. 19.89 M²

PRINCIPAL ROOM-II 3.42X6.02 M. 20.58 M²

Turner 1 theory room

: 52 m2 : 36 m2; ; 28.53 m2

MACHINIST WORKSHOP 25.74X5.98 M. 153.92 M²

14900

1600

1150

3420

1150

1180

3650

1450

3770

2050

1500

GI Room : 22 m2 18550

R and AC Theory Room

: 61.60 m2

Plumber Workshop

: 84 m2 ; 48 m2

Diesel mechanic Theory Room

: 65 m2

Steno Hindi Theory Room

: 40.5 m2

PORCH

BLOCK-C GROUND FLOOR PLAN

3650

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

second floor plan

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

ITI, Adampur

Industrial Training Institute, Adampur, Jind 59400

CARPENTER THEORY ROOM7.07X7.04 M. 49.77 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

PAINTER 10.72X6.37M. 68.28 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

2600

6700

COPA 7.49X5.74 M. 42.99 M²

TOILET 6.24X6.97 M. 43.49 M²

COPA LAB 5.30X7.50+6.40X5.80 M. 76.87 M²

16450

15300

TOILET 7.00X5.81 M. 40.67 M²

6150

2600

9350 1500

15000 1500

7600 1500

7000 1500

7600

14900

1600

1450

3770

PAINTER WORKSHOP 12.60X7.00-3.65X1.80 83.90 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

ELECTRONIC MECHANIC LAB 10.79X5.68 M. 61.28 M²

1500

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

G.I.ROOM-II 3.65X4.45 M. 16.24 M²

500 950

3420

1150

2000

ELECTRONIC MECHANIC LAB 10.79X6.90 M. 65.00 M²

1150

1180

1450

ENTERS LOBBY 7.35 X6.75 M. 49.61 M²

2000

ELECTRONICS MECHANIC THEORY ROOM 7.00X6.90 M. 48.30 M²

ELECTRONICS MECHANIC THEORY ROOM 7.07X5.72 M. 40.44 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

3650

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

CORRIDOR 2.50 M. WIDE

PROJECTION 2.00 M. WIDE

18550

3650

2050

BLOCK-C SECOND FLOOR PLAN 59400

2600

second floor TURNER -II THEORY ROOM 6.15X4.64 M. 28.53 M²

TOILET 6.24X6.97 M. 43.49 M²

Carpenter Theory Rooms

: 50 m2

Electronics Mechanic Theory Room

: 40.5 m2

15300

TURNER -I THEORY ROOM 5.17X6.97 M. 36.03 M²

MACHINIST THEORY ROOM 7.49X6.97 M. 52.20 M²

TRACTOR MECHANIC (NCVT) THEORY ROOM 10.72X6.37M. 68.28 M²

6700

2600

6150

1500

9350

CORRIDOR 2.50 M. WIDE

Toilet block

14900

1600

1150

3420

1150

2050

: 40.67m2 ; 43.5 m2 PLUMBER WORKSHOP 12.55X7.00-3.65X1.11 M. 83.80 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

Painter Workshop

: 68.3 m2 ; 83.90 m2

Electriconic Mechanic Lab

: 65 m2; ; 61.28 m2

3770

PROJECTION 2.00 M. WIDE

1450

1180

1450

3650

R & AC THEORY ROOM 8.80X7.00 M. 61.60 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

1500

DISEL MECHANIC THEORY ROOM 10.79X6.90 M. 65.00 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

G.I.ROOM 3.81X5.77 M. 21.98 M²

2000

PLUMBER THEORY ROOM 7.00X6.90 M. 48.30 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

2000

STENO HINDI THEORY ROOM 7.07X5.72M. 40.44 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

ENTERS LOBBY 7.35 X6.75 M. 49.61 M²

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

CORRIDOR 2.50 M. WIDE

18550

500 950

TOILET 7.00X5.81 M. 40.67 M²

E.S. ROOM 7.07X7.04 M. 49.77 M²

16450

15000 1500

7600 1500

7000 1500

7600

3650

GI Room

: 16.24 m2

TERRACE

BLOCK-C FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Copa Lab

: 77 m2 ; 43 m2

59400 7600

7000

TOILET 7.00X5.81 M. 40.67 M²

IT LAB-II 10.72X6.37M. 68.28 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

15000

9350

6150

6700

TURNER-II WORKSHOP 25.74X7.27M. 187.13 M²

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University 15300

16450

STENO HINDI LAB 7.05X7.00 M. 49.35 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

7600

CORRIDOR 2.50 M. WIDE

R/S

Building orientation perpendicular to the predominant summer breeze But closed windows do not allow cross ventilation in the building.

Classrooms are exclusively built for specific function. Modular planning not employed.

Space not flexible for multipurpose use.

Horizontal and vertical louver (/ box louvers) used to prevent direct exposure to sunlight.

block 2 floor plan

The spaces inside have not been planned to facilitate natural ventilation The rooms have ample amount of natural light but lack ventilation.

Incorporation of OTS or Courtyards or green spaces within the building form (intoduced as vertical voids) would have helped.

Opening the corridors towards an open space might have aided the situation. The corridors are 1.5m wide in many blocks which is insufficient.

Each block has its own green open space but orientation of corridors and internal planning have not benefitted from it.

The Institute offers wide array of programs conducted in tailor made working spaces.

Spatial Analysis has given an aprox figure of the spaces to be designed.

inferences

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

ITI, Adampur

Industrial Training Institute, Adampur, Jind 31000

CORRIDOR 1.80 M. WIDE

DRAUGHTSMAN CIVIL THEORY ROOM.-4 5.41X7.03 M. 38.03 M²

ELECTRICIAN THEORY ROOM-6 5.50X5.00 M. 27.50 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

ELECTRICIAN THEORY ROOM-5 5.50X5.00 M. 27.50 M²

IT LAB-I 6.60X5.00 M. 33.00 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

1525

TOILET 3.19X5.60 M. 17.86 M² TOILET 3.19X5.60 M. 17.86 M²

5530

CORRIDOR 1.80 M. WIDE

15070

LOBBY

FITTER -II THEORY ROOM-8 6.61X6.15 M. 40.65 M²

2860

FITTER -I THEORY ROOM-7 6.60X6.15 M. 40.59 M²

600

4930

G.I.ROOM-1 2.05X6.15 M. 12.60 M²

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

RAILING 1.00 M. HT.

15070 2860

6080

DRAUGHTSMAN CIVIL DRAWING HALL 11.10X6.15 M. 68.26 M² SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILIATION

6080

600

PROJECTION 0.60 M. WIDE PARAPET WALL 1.00 M. HT.

600

PROJECTION 0.60 M. WIDE PARAPET WALL 1.00 M. HT.

PARAPET WALL 1.00 M. HT. PROJECTION 0.60 M. WIDE

PARAPET WALL 1.00 M. HT. PROJECTION 0.60 M. WIDE

23930

7070

31000

FIRST FLOOR PLAN BLOCK - A

31000

STORE 4.30X6.15 M. 26.44 M²

SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILLIATION

13870

STORE 2.15X6.15 M. 13.22 M² UP

CORRIDOR 1.80 M. WIDE

SOUGHT FOR RE-AFFILLIATION

13870

COMPUTER LAB 8.85X6.15 M. 54.42 M²

WELDER THEORY ROOM-3 4.27X6.15 M. 26.26 M²

WIREMAN THEORY ROOM-2 6.56X6.15 M. 40.34 M²

CORRIDOR 1.80 M. WIDE

OFFICE 4.21X5.00 M. 21.05 M²

PRINCIPAL OFFICE 4.35X5.00 M. 21.75 M² TOILET 1.33X2.44 M. 3.24 M²

OFFICE 2.80X5.00 M. 14.00 M²

ENTERS LOBBY 3.26X5.00 M. 16.30 M²

OFFICE 6.60X5.00 M. 33.00 M² SOUGHT FOR AFFILIATION

FIRST AID ROOM 3.19X5.00 M. 15.95 M²

PROJECTION 1.525 M. WIDE

GROUND FLOOR PLAN BLOCK - A

PORCH 3.72X4.27 M.

4500

13610 4500

PROJECTION 1.525 M. WIDE

TOILET 3.19X5.00 M. 15.95 M²

STORE 1.33X2.44 M. 3.24 M²

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Building orientation perpendicular to the predominant summer breeze But closed windows do not allow cross ventilation in the building.

Classrooms are exclusively built for specific function. Modular planning not employed.

Space not flexible for multipurpose use.

Horizontal and vertical louver (/ box louvers) used to prevent direct exposure to sunlight.

area distribution

The spaces inside have not been planned to facilitate natural ventilation The rooms have ample amount of natural light but lack ventilation.

Incorporation of OTS or Courtyards or green spaces within the building form (intoduced as vertical voids) would have helped.

Opening the corridors towards an open space might have aided the situation. The corridors are 1.5m wide in many blocks which is insufficient.

Each block has its own green open space but orientation of corridors and internal planning have not benefitted from it.

The Institute offers wide array of programs conducted in tailor made working spaces.

Spatial Analysis has given an aprox figure of the spaces to be designed.

inferences

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

ITI, Adampur

Industrial Training Institute, Adampur, Jind

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

area analysis

area analysis

area analysis • • •

Microlibra

Commun

The Microlibrary Warak Kayu is the fifth built project within the

terest by creating socially-performative multi-functional comm

m

ARCHITECTURE FOR A SOCIAL PURP

ary Warak Kayu

nity Microlibrary , Semarang, Indonesia

e Microlibrary series – an initiative to increase reading in-

munity spaces with environmentally-conscious design and

materials, which aim to serve low-income neighborhoods

Project by : SHAU Indonesia Location : Semarang, INdonesia

[ INNOVATIVE USE OF BUILDING FORM | COMMUNITY BUILDING | POSE | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | MULTIFUNCTIONAL SPACES ]

A neighbourhood icon with multiple programs

Why was the projec

The Microlibrary Warak Kayu is an initiative to increase reading interest by creating socially-performative multi-functional community spaces with environmentally-conscious design and materials, which aim to serve low-income neighborhoods.

The project was studied

corporated in the desig

Green building materia By elevating the library, various spatial configurations, multiple programs and a wide range of activities can be offered. On the ground, is a large semi outdoor area which can be used for workshops, as well as a wide tribune seating at the entrance for watching presentations or movies, and to grab the kids’ attention: a wooden swing. The ground area is framed by a ring of planter boxes to create a more intimate atmosphere. Upstairs in the library itself, there is a net where kids can lie down, relax and read but also directly communicate with parents and friends in the space underneath. It is important to have this multi-programmatic approach to make the library a popular place, since reading alone is not yet considered a fun activity in the country.

The building is not only ments the landscape it

multi- pr

Multi program swing, interesti as a skill in the

The project is a ist attraction in centre, play are

LIBRARY AREA : 182 m2

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Microlibrary Warak Kayu

Community Microlibrary , Semarang, Indonesia

ct chosen as case example ?

d with the intent to explore possibilites of open, climate responsive design stategies that can be in-

gn. The project also demonstrates intelligent use of building form to incorporate built in furniture.

als and the incorporation of passive design strategies is studied.

y functional or suatainable. The first thing that catches the eye is its aesthetic facade which compliis comfortably seated in.

rogrammatic

Sustainable

mmatic approach which incorporates wooden ing, enaging reading spaces promotes reading region .

Sustainable and ecologically friendly built form, that uses green building matterials and passive design strategies for natural cooling in hot humid climate.

an activating public space which now is an tourn the region. It’s a library, daycare/ kids actrivity ea , community gathering space for discussions.

Resilient design which promotes the use of the indonesian wood. Use of natural colours which compliments the landscape in which ity is seated.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Cultural Integr

The Microlibrary Warak Kayu dition to the iconic architect Semarang, the capital of Cen nesia. It is built at Taman Ka square in the city center with with a river and has a great v Pelangi (Rainbow Village- a lo tion). The square has a cafet (small vendors) underneath a school nearby. The current m – Hendrar Prihadi – has alrea public his enthusiasm on the be part of the city’s tourism free bus tour will stop. In tha serves not only the local nei embedded in the larger city has an increased

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Microlibrary Warak Kayu

Community Microlibrary , Semarang, Indonesia

ration

u is the latest adture landscape of ntral Java in Indoasmaran, a public h direct proximity view to Kampung ocal tourist attracteria with warungs and there is a local mayor of Semarang ady announced in e new library. It will m route where the at sense the library ighborhood but is network and thus reach.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

Thesis 2021 Stage 1 Hafsa Rafi | 17 ARB 551 Guided by : Ar. Gayathri C.

Microlibrary Warak Kayu

Community Microlibrary , Semarang, Indonesia

Zollinger Brise Soleil design

On the ground, is a large semi outdoor area which can be used for workshops, as well as a wide tribune seating at the entrance for watching presentations or movies, and to grab the kids’ attention: a wooden swing. The ground area is framed by a ring of planter boxes to create a more intimate atmosphere.

Upstairs in the library itself, there is a net where kids can lie down, relax and read but also directly communicate with parents and friends in the space underneath. The seatting and the shelves are parrt of the building form. The building is naturally lit during daytime and well ventilated.

Department of Architecture Aligarh Muslim University

area programme

area programme

area programme Notes

Total area does not include circulation spaces. This will acc FAR = 1.15 Site Area = 60702 m2 (15 acres) Total Built Up Area : 69,807 m GC = 35 % Area on Ground = 21,245 m No of floors with full utilisation of GC = 3 floors Area will be left for future expansion.

count for a 30-35% increase.

Site and Cl

site analysis

limate Analysis with Design directives

29 m

181 m 29m

24 m 28 m

118 m

93 m 63 m

83 m

26 m 115 m

36 m

m

25 m

26 m

125 m 11 m

114 m

m 6 1 1

117 m

S

W

O T

Site well connected to Shahberi and nearby villagesRoza Jalalpur, Milk Lachchhi , Ithaira, Haibatpur, Patw

Major amenities nearby, site has a higher chance to c

Site area allows for future expansion and invites flexib can set up businesss - promoting the skill developme

Prevailing Wind Direction NW, carries the foul smell o provided fro surface drainge.

No Positive Views on site. Site surrounded by high ris

Pedestrian access and circulation on site. Site connec zone with limited vehicular circulation and bicycle lan

Existing trees on periphery act as sound buffer and m

Water percolation observed in nearby areas. This has l

Density in the area is still scarce, therefore neighbourin

Mahiuddin Pur Kanawni, Chipyana Khurd Urf Tigri, Yusufpur Chak Saberi Roza Yakubpur, wari. Hence outreach of the Skill development centre is amplified.

come up as an urban catalyst of positive transformation.

bilty in design, Thus allowing the space to grow as its people grow. Self empowered people ent centre and an investment will be made in their area as well.

of the open drain towards the site. Drain needs to be covered and minimum openings to be

se, monotonous flatted development. Site front has a somewhat clear skyline and trees.

cted to tertiary roads, 2.5m wide. Therefore, Site can be developed as a pedestrian friendly nes and pedestrian pathways.

may not be removed. Existing water accumulation on site can be tuned into a reservoir.

led to instability and collapse of structures. Hence low rise structures are recommended.

ng spaces are not safe.

Greater Noida has a composite climate. Summers are hot and dry, ,monsoons are warm and humid and winters are moderately cold and dry.

Prevailing wind Direction : West-North West Summer : Morning : East Afternoon : West , South West Winter Morning : West Afternoon : West North West

Site microclimate is warmer due to urban heat island effect.

There is a pressure difference due to temperature diffrence in the immediate surroundings of the site. On the front are schools with green spaces and trees and on its back is the residential township with extensive paved surfaces. The pressure diffeence is responsible for blowing of cool breeze on site.

Site is shaded from southern sun, due to the 25 floor high buildings adjacent to it.

climate analysis

Site and Climate Analysis with Design directives

Trees on the east, west, southeast, and southwest sides of a buil

tudes).

Ground cover and shrubs around buildings to lower air temperatu Trees in courtyards, parking areas, and adjacent to walkways.

Vegetated pergolas and trees with a high canopy provide shade locate trees away from the wall facing the equator a minimum di

Window openings located perpendicular to prevailing winds, and ing, will provide natural ventilation for fresh air and/or space cool building and maintain indoor air temperatures approximately 1.5

Guidelines for cross ventilation: Locate inlet openings perpendicular to (or at most ±45° from) th Locate outlet openings on the opposite side of inlet openings, an Maintain an unobstructed path between inlet and outlet opening

A building elongated in the east-west direction exposes the shor ternoon temperatures during warm months.

Design a building to take advantage of natural site energy flows b currents to cool indoor spaces.

Shape a building so that it Is elongated in the east-west directio

ventilation.

Shade east and west walls and all glazed openings during the su In hot-humid climates, create forms that shed water and shade b admit cooler outdoor air through shaded outdoor living areas or

During warm summer months, overhangs block unwanted direct Locate an overhang above solar glazing (facing the equator – sou not block the winter sun.

Block the summer sun by extending the overhang approximately 1/4 the height of the opening at 28°L to 32°L 1/3 the height of the opening at 36°L to 40°L 1/2 the height of the opening at 44°L to 56°L

climate analysis

Site and Climate Analysis with Design directives

lding (east, west, northeast, and northwest in southern lati-

ures and reduce reflected sunlight.

and allow in beneficial winds. In climates with cold winters, istance of twice the height of tree.

vegetation cover

d coupled with openings on the opposite side of a space or build-

ling. Adequate cross ventilation will remove heat from a space or C° (2.7 F°) above the outdoor air temperatures.

he prevailing winds. nd make them equal to, or greater in size than, the inlet openings. gs for adequate airflow.

fenestrations

rter east and west sides to maximum solar heat gain and high af-

by minimizing solar heat gain and allowing naturally occurring air

on; and has a narrow floor plate for incorporating cross or stack

building orientation

ummer – all year in hot climates – and make the roof a light color. both exterior walls and outdoor living spaces. In hot-dry climates, courtyards.

t sunlight from solar glazing, reducing cooling loads. uth in northern latitudes and north in southern latitudes) so it does

y:

shading devices

M

climate analysis

Metric Handbook Recommendations for design in tropical climate

conc

Tentative zoning

cept and zoning

and concept of the building complex

[ COMMUNITY BUILDING | FLE URBAN INT

concept note The complex will be a pedestrian only zone.

Vehicular access will be restricted from the entrance to the parking and bike rental stands will provide the means to commute around campus. The purpose of restrcting vehicular access was to give freedom of movement to pedestrians around the campus.

The site was divided into zonesPublic Domain Semi Public Domain Semi Private Domain Private Spaces Existing site features were utilised. By studying the slope and contours on site, water accumulation arer is intended to be enhanced further to create a reservoir for water harvesting around which a space of solace and reflection - a park / meditation centre will be planned.

Flexible planning of spaces leave room for interpreation. People utilise these spaces creatively and to its full advantage. Thus engaging Placemaking for better acceptance of space and also for creating activating public spaces.

concept and zoning

EXIBLE -MULTIFUNCTIONAL SPACES | PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PREDOMINANTLY | TERVENTION _ ARCHITECTURE FOR A SOCIAL CHANGE | INCLUSIVE PUBLIC SPACES]

Three building components with visual connectivity and unilateral access following hierarchy of spaces

c

Seperate open spaces for each building component- serves as spill out spaces.

Vertical and horizontal voids in building form to connect open spaces.

Free pedestrian access and restricted vehicular access on site

concept formulation

sketc

ches and zoning

Concept was derived with the intention of creating the ambience of traditional Indian public spaces like chowks or pols. The building form was positioned to create a small scale resemblance of a chowk. Open spaces enclosed on 3 sides by the building and one by the road or park. Small scale open spaces provided for each building component to engage interaction and create a flexible use of space / extension of a space when required.

Design Directives I. Balanced massing and continuity hierarchy of spaces ; 01. Level difference, size and proportion of building components; 02. Hierarchy in access - visitors’ , visitors’ cum villagers’ and villagers’ only II. Articulation of negative spaces III. Visual connectivity throughout but unilateral access route from within the building form, free pedestrian access around the building on site.

The final form ensured that hierarchy of spaces is maintained in terms of access and also in terms of form continuity and balanced massing of built on site. It provided separate open spaces for each block and also connected these open spaces through internal building connections. The orientation ensures ample amount of light and ventilation for all blocks as no block completely lies in the shadow range of other blocks at all times. The distance between blocks increased and is now connected by bicycle lanes.

Placement of blocks allow for unilateral internal access through building form.