September 2016 Seawords

Seaw rds The Marine Option Program Newsletter

September 2016 / Summer Issue

urge the elimination of mer21 ...researchers cury pollution and adherence to limited consumptions of mercury polluted fishes.

OUR PROJECT IN HAWAI‘I’S INTERTIDAL MEET CLINT COLLINS SUMMER ADVENTURES BY YOUR WRITERS

September 2016 Volume XXX, Number 7

Articles Page 3: Letter from the Editor Page 4: Student Perspective: OPIHI Page 9: Clint Collins Page 10: QUEST: Change Your Life and Start Preparing Now Page 12: Seawords Writers’ Summer Stories Page 16: Marine Mammal of the Mother Page 18: Ocean Updates Page 22: Generation Blue Page 24: Hanauma Bay: Calander of Events Page 25: Flashback Page 26: MOP calendar of events

About the Photography -Cover: Photography contest contestant, Taylor Shedd, UHM MOP Alumnus -Table of Contents: Daniel Jennings, UHM MOP Alumnus and Photography Contestant -May calendar of events: Daniel Jennings, UHM MOP Alumnus and Photography Contestant -Back cover : Daniel Jennings, UHM MOP Alumnus and Photography Contestant -All uncredited photos by: MOP -Disclaimer: any photo taken from flickr.com is used under the Creative Commons License and is credited appropriately with links to the user’s flickr account.

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Letter from the Editor

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loha!

Welcome to the Fall 2016 semester!

We have some exciting news about the upcoming events at Seawords. First, I would like to announce that starting next issue (October) we will have an Associate Editor joining the team, but do not fret, because it’s someone you all know. Congratulations to Generation Blue columnist, Jessica Lotts, on becoming the new Associate Editor of Seawords!

Seawords will also be staying an online exclusive publication. Not only will this save paper, but will allow readers from across the world to have access to the publication at any time.

I hope all of you will enjoy a mini addition we’ve added to this issue, which gives you a glimpse of the writers’ summer adventures. Be sure to check out our student perspective section on Our Project in Hawaii’s Intertidal (OPIHI), where a few students interned at over the summer.

Thanks for reading,

Camra Hopper, Seawords Editor Seawords

Volume XXX, Number 7, September 2016 Editor: Camra Hopper Dr. Cynthia Hunter (éminence grise) Jeffrey Kuwabara (éminence grise) Seawords- Marine Option Program University of Hawai‘i, College of Natural Sciences 2450 Campus Road, Dean Hall 105A Honolulu, HI 96822-2219 Telephone: (808) 956-8433 Email: <seawords@hawaii.edu> Website: <http://www.hawaii.edu/mop> Seawords is the monthly newsletter of the Marine Option Program at the University of Hawai‘i. Opinions expressed herein are not necessariliy those of the Marine Option Program or of the University of Hawai‘i.

Suggestions and submissions are welcome. Submissions may include articles, photography, art work, or anything that may be of interest to the marine community in Hawai‘i and around the world.

All photos are taken by MOP unless otherwise credited.

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student perspectives

Our Project in Hawai‘i’s Intertidal

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By Elsei Tellei, UHM MOP Alumna

or the average person living in Hawai’i, the ocean is a large part of their lifestyle.

Beach bum, surfer girl, scuba diver, marine biologist – if one moved to the 50th state, it is probably because one loves the environmental playground that the ocean has to offer. However, for most, that means laying on pristine sandy shores, playing in frothy waves, or hanging out in clear blue water. A vital and interesting part of the natural environment is often overlooked and underappreciated: the intertidal.

graduate cohort will start in September 2016.

Different participants gain different things from the program, and as an undergraduate fellow, you will learn to use proper field surveying techniques and then apply them in an outdoor classroom: Hawai‘i’s intertidal sites. Weekday evenings and weekend meetings will be spent learning the survey methods that field scientists use to measure the amount and diversity of species in the intertidal, and how to identify species. Once you have learned these methods, you will then gain experience doing scientific field work by surveying inThe intertidal is the area of the coast along the tertidal sites and identifying creatures found in shore that exists between the high tide line and the intertidal. the low tide line. It is a very complex, constantly Through OPIHI, you will also learn about citichanging, and sometimes harsh environment, zen science and how to help teach citizen science home to hundreds of different species. Intertechniques. Citizen science is the idea that a group tidal areas in many coastal areas, like California, of laymen collecting data the public can be trained have been very thoroughly researched and catato collect scientific research comparable to profeslogued. In Hawai’i, however, although the intersional scientists. It is meant to solve problems assotidal has been studied, it remains a rich area of ciated with a lack of resources, which often occurs discovery for marine scientists. in field research. Citizen science is particularly That is where OPIHI comes in. OPIHI stands important in an area as complex and large as the for Our Project in Hawai’i’s Intertidal, and is intertidal, where the more data, the better. OPIHI named for the ‘opihi, a species of native Hawai- teaches its interns how to teach the field surveyian mollusk, Cellana exarata, which can grow ing techniques to people in order learn to be citito be quite large and can be found in the in- zen scientists. Although citizen scientists can be tertidal. OPIHI is a program developed by the anyone, in OPIHI, fellows work with middle and Curriculum Research & Development Group, high school science teachers and their students. a department in the College of Education at Fellows will accompany teachers on field trips to the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. OPIHI is the intertidal where they will help teach the kids funded by Hawai‘i Sea Grant, the National Oce- the same techniques they learned, in addition to anic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), teaching them about the intertidal environment. and HASEKO. OPIHI involves a diverse group Lastly, OPIHI gives fellows a great way to gain of people including undergraduate, elementary experience as researchers by having them design, students, scientists, teachers, and middle and plan, perform and write independent research high school students, scientists, and teachers, all projects. For those considering a career as a field working together to study the intertidal. OPIHI researcher, it is one of the best ways to gain insight is a comprehensive program: I was an OPIHI into the work required to conduct such studies. undergraduate fellow in the first OPIHI cohort; Allocating resources, planning field days, dealing my involvement included project planning, field with unexpected challenges in the field, analyzing work, data analyses, a presentation, and teachresults and writing up a report are all important ing citizen science. The second OPIHI underskills one can gain by joining the OPIHI program

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Photos on this page by Caroline G

Intertidal Trampling in Hawai‘i: The Impact of Your Steps and the Steps You Can Take and executing your own project. Luckily, all this work is done under the mentorship of the great teachers and scientists who run OPIHI, in addition to help from the great people of the Marine Option Program (MOP).

Through MOP, these projects can also be done for credit at one’s home institution. In my own experience at OPIHI, I was lucky enough to have the guidance and help of several great mentors: Joanna Philippoff, Florybeth La Valle, Anuschka Faucci, Kanesa Seraphin, Jeff Kuwabara, and Dr. Cynthia Hunter, all of whom played a big role in the completion of my independent research.

As an undergraduate fellow in the OPIHI program, I gained a great amount of experience as a field scientist, and had a great time as well. Hours spent with peers and with mentors translated into valuable professional connections, and more importantly, great friendships.

Working with the kids in the intertidal was rewarding, having helped young minds discover the fascinating world of science and all it has to offer. Adventures in field work did not always go perfectly, but they were never boring: from fighting waves to racing the tide to collect data, something different could be expected every time. And for ocean lovers, the intertidal opened up a great new world to explore: there is no end to the new creatures to be discovered, and the dynamic environmental changes not only daily and hourly, but minute by minute. If you are looking for a great way to further your career in marine science, gain experience as a researcher, make likeminded friends, or simply learn something new, look no further than Our Project in Hawai‘i’s Intertidal. n

Greenwood, UHM MOP Student

By Caroline Greenwood, UHM MOP Student

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he intertidal zone describes a coastal region characterized by variable surf and sun exposure associated with the daily rise and fall of the tides (Palmer 2000). This habitat can be rocky, sandy, or estuarine and hosts incredible biodiversity—micro- and macroalgae, molluscs, crustaceans, polychaetes, and specialized species of fish (Horn et al. 1998, Taylor and Littler 1982). Intertidal ecosystems can be considered one of the harshest and most extreme environments on the planet due to the long hours of exposure to the hot, drying sun and the vulnerability to both land and sea predation (Blanchette 1997, Karsten and West 2000, Lee 1998).

Intertidal inhabitants have evolved ecological and physiological adaptions to tolerate and even thrive in this harsh environment. For example, large, nonflagellated spores and sturdy holdfasts equip intertidal macroalgae with the means to minimize competition in a space-limited environment and to remain secure in regions of high wave action (Kuhlenkamp et al. 2014, Milligan and DeWreede 2000). However, although intertidal organisms have become well suited to their environment over the course of millions of years of evolutionary pressure, these fine-tuned morphological and ecological adaptations are no match for the impacts of growing human populations and the tourism industry (Winterer and Sager 1995).

This study was conducted as part of the Our Project in Hawai`i’s Intertidal (OPIHI) program. OPIHI guides undergraduates through small-group research projects in the intertidal and trains science teachers and their students how to gather citizen-science ecological data in the intertidal. On OPIHI field trips students collect percent cover data of flora and fauna at intertidal sites statewide. Although both the students’ educational experiences and the ecological data they collect are valuable (Cox et al. 2013), multiple field trips to the same intertidal sites may have detrimental effects on the ecosystem.

In order to study the effects of trampling by high school students gathering citizen science data for OPIHI, I examined the algal structure of a contiguSEPTEMBER/ SUMMER ISSUE 2016 |5

ous rocky intertidal “bench” area at Diamond Head Beach was examined before and after two OPIHI field trips. Two 9th grade marine biology classes from the University Laboratory School (approximately 25 students each) conducted standard ecological surveys across at Diamond Head on two consecutive days in April 2016 for two hours each day. To quantify the classes’ disturbance, the algal canopy height was measured prior to and following the students’ visit on each day in designated control (no students present) and experimental (where students collected data) areas. In addition, fragmented macroalgal biomass and water turbidity were measured within predetermined grooves in the bench.

Prior to the students’ arrival, a 27 meter transect was laid in the mid-intertidal zone parallel to shore. At Diamond Head beach, this area is dominated by the macroalga Padina sp. The students collected quantitative ecological data along 17 meters (0–17 m) of the transect (approximately 60% of the study site); the remaining 10 meters (17–27 m) was left undisturbed as a control area to account for natural environmental disturbance. The canopy height of Padina sp. was measured at one meter intervals along the length of the transect both before and after the students’ visit in both the experimental and control areas to determine the extent of compression due to trampling in the field trip area.

Four similarly sized grooves in the intertidal bench were selected prior to the first field trip to examine the effects of the students on turbidity and biomass fragmentation. Each of the grooves ran perpendicular to the shoreline and was about four meters long, tapering to a shallow rill in the lower intertidal zone. The water turbidity in each groove was examined with a turbidity tube both before and after the field trips. After turbidity was measured, the fragmented macroalgal biomass in each groove was collected, strained through

a metal colander, and weighed (wet weight) to determine the effect of trampling on the algal structure.

To determine the severity of the algal structural changes before and after the students’ activity, a series of paired ttests were conducted comparing the mean height of the canopy both within the trampled and controlled regions. It was determined that the canopy height was significantly compressed in the trampled region after the two field trips (Paired Samples t-Test: Groove A in the “trampled region” M=2.14, SD=1.45; before Field Trip #1. Photo by CaroM=0.53, SD=0.36), line Greenwood. t(31)=4.874, p<0.05 (two-tailed). Comparatively, there was no significant difference in the controlled area after the two consecutive days of trampling (Paired Samples t-Test: M=0.95, SD=1.04; M=0.73, SD=0.26), t(21)=1.802, p<0.05 (two-tailed). Further analyses revealed that the fragmented algal biomass in the trampled region increased dramatically following the students’ visits, while fragmentation in the control section remained nearly unchanged (Table 1, Fig. 1). Although turbidity increased within the trampled region following the second class field trip, the overall findings were not significant.

Table 1: Fragmented macroalgal biomass within two control and two experimental grooves before and after two consecutive days of trampling due to school field trip activity.

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In evaluating these findings, it is important to consider the difference between the experimental area and the control area. The control area was intended to capture changes in algal height, algal fragmentation, and turbidity due to environmental factors unaffected by human presence such as wave energy, desiccation, and tidal state.

As an ecosystem constantly battered with harsh environmental stressors, some disturbance in the intertidal is to be expected. However, the significant differences Groove A in the “trampled region” in algal turf height after Field Trip #1. Photo by Caroline and dislodged algal Greenwood. fragments observed between the experimental and control areas are clear indicators of our impact on intertidal environments.

Although admittedly a small-scale investigation, this study indicates that the detrimental effects of human foot traffic are incremental and, over the timeframe of

this study, cumulative.

These data beg further study. To further describe anthropogenic impacts on Hawaiian intertidal ecosystems, larger studies should be conducted examining more sites over a longer time period. Diamond Head Beach is a heavily utilized area; additional study sites should include less popular regions further from development. Because overall human use of an area can be difficult to quantify and control, pre/post analyses of intertidal field trips may contribute to the establishment of an ecological baseline understanding that may help quantify human mediated environmental stress.

Already a stressful ecosystem, being aware of the effects of trampling within the intertidal may help us to be more mindful of our actions in this ecosystem, proactively conserving it for the future.

Daunting though it may seem, a few careful steps will set us off stepping in the right direction…

1. Safety First. In order to fully enjoy your intertidal experience, it is important to wear appropriate footwear to reduce the slipping hazard and minimize bumps and bruises. An ideal choice for intertidal footwear is a felt-soled bootie for a soft touch without compromising grip on slippery algae. Inquire about booties at your local fishing or SCUBA shop, or find them at Wal-Mart for less than $20!

2. Look Before You Leap. Remember, the rocks are alive! In the intertidal, space is highly limited; therefore, nearly every surface has an inhabitant. Even the algae beds, although seemingly trivial, provide food

Figure 1: Fragmented macroalgal biomass within two control and two experimental grooves before and after two consecutive days of trampling due to school field trip activity.

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for many intertidal critters and offer protection from predation and desiccation beneath the dense canopies.

Be sure to carefully watch where you step so that your favorite friends will still be around for your next visit!

3. Brush, Don’t Rush. There is so much to see when you go intertidaling, and it can be so difficult not to hurry off to find your favorite hermit crab! But it is important to keep in mind that beach sand from your footwear can be abrasive, and that excessive sand can elevate turbidity in tide pools and grooves, limiting the sunlight that can filter through the water.

Try to remove the sand from your shoes before you set foot on the rocky intertidal.

(Besides, the shore needs to hold on to its sand — beach erosion is a real problem too!)

have bubblers and cool water on hand to help oxygenate the water and keep it at a comfortable temperature for your guests. When picking algae, try to leave the holdfast that anchors the plant to the rock to help it grow back. And remember to always put back what you pick up where you found it. Be aware that you are visiting someone else’s home, and be sure to treat both the environment and its inhabitants with care to ensure long, healthy lives.

6. Don’t Wait, EDUCATE! As earth-minded individuals, we all know how frustrating it can be to watch our planet crumble before our eyes. But instead of waiting for environmental protection regulations to be effected, elicit your own change.

Show your friends and family the threats that we pose to our intertidal systems. Take 4. Too Many Feet is NOT your local children’s group Neat. Although everyone Caroline Greenwood, UHM MOP Student, measuring algal on a field trip, and emphashould have the chance to turf height. Photo by Joanna Philipoff. size the importance of walkenjoy Hawai‘i’s fascinating ing with “ballerina toes”. Caintertidal, please try to limit the number of friends you sually chat with curious tourists about environmental bring with you on each trip. Even if you are exploretiquette; many people are all too eager to do right by ing with the most environmentally-conscious scientists, your home, and truly appreciate a free science lesson! the softest of steps can still dislodge residents and fragEnvironmental activism begins and ends with the indiment delicate algae, threatening native populations and vidual, and with a little purpose and a lot of heart, we reducing water clarity in tide pool. All of those steps can all become Stewards of the Sea. add up!

5. Curiosity Killed the Cucumber. Sometimes our inquisitive nature can be the harmful—our very presence in the intertidal stirs things up. Mishandling intertidal animals can stress them out and contribute to their untimely death. If you collect any organisms, be sure to

OPIHI is funded in part by Hawai‘i Sea Grant and NOAA grants through the Curriculum Research & Development Group, a department in UH Manoa’s College of Education. n

Field trip students focusing on the intertidal. Photo by Caroline Greenwood.

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Who’s that staff member?

Clint Collins,

DSO Logistic Specialist

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By Jessica Lotts, UHM MOP Student. Photos by: Clint Collins, DSO Logistics Specialist

Meet the UHM Diving Safety Office’s (DSO) new Logistics Specialist, Clint Collins, cruising to Honolulu all the way from Santa Cruz, California.

Clint is an approachable, funny guy who has been diving since 2008. He’s the type of person where if something is broken, he’s there to fix it. He enjoys the tangible results of being a technician, and loves looking back on his day to recall all the things he did and fixed. Clint loves being the DSO Logistics Specialist and appreciates the mix of being both in office and in the field. Although he is brand new to the island, he’s enjoying the adventure and learning the ins and outs of O’ahu.

Above all, Clint is here to help. Through him, UHM students who are authorized scientific divers can: - - - - - -

Purchase any sort of dive gear Get help with gear set up Have gear adjusted or any problems fixed Try new equipment to see what fits best Rent equipment for UH Scientific Dives Get help with just about anything else they may need.

Clint has a relaxed demeanor and is patient with students, so don’t be afraid to meet him!

His office is located at the DSO next to the Oxygen/Fill Up room. He’s generally there Monday-Friday, but prefers an email notification to ensure his availability. See below for more info, or head to the DSO website at: http://www.hawaii.edu/ehso/diving/ Clint Collins Diving Logistics Specialist Phone: (808) 956-7179

Fax: (808) 956-6952

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QUEST

Change Your Life and Start Prepa

By: Tyler Phelps, UHH MOP

QUEST

“ ” stands for Quantitative Underwater Ecological Surveying Techniques. This just may be the most important and influential course you can take at UH. QUEST is a prestigious field school that takes place at Ke`ei on Hawai‘i Island. For two weeks students camp on the beach learning scientific methods while SCUBA diving.

As a third year veteran of QUEST, I can firmly attest to the lives and careers that have been changed due to this incredible program. While camping on the beach you’ll make lifelong friends, network with other professionals, and learn scientific diving methods used all over the world. If you’re interested in diving and would like the ocean to be your “office,” then QUEST is for you! Still not convinced? Check out the “Five Reasons Why Every Marine Science Student Should Do QUEST” article from the January 2016 Seawords issue! https://issuu. com/seawords/docs/january_2016

eryone would be doing it?” A considerable amount of preparation is required to be accepted into this scientific diving training program. These are not things that can wait to the last minute. It’s highly recommended that students should start preparing in the fall instead of the spring. Here are five steps to get you started on your journey to QUEST.

1) Contact your MOP Coordinator - The first step is to

contact your MOP coordinator and let them know you are interested. They will be able to walk you through the requirements, tips, and possible scholarships that you can apply for.

2) Contact your Unit Diving Coordinator (UDC) –

Since QUEST is a SCUBA diving program, you must first be a certified SCUBA diver! If you are not, talk to the Diving Safety Program at your campus about options of getting SCUBA certified. Afterwards you will become orientated to the Diver in Training (DIT) process that is required for you to dive for science. The Have you ever heard the saying, “If it was easy then ev- UDC will also outline the extensive medical, swim test, and dive check out that you must pass. These aren’t terribly difficult but will require time and practice if you aren’t as comfortable in the water.

3) Start studying your spe-

cies IDs – As part of the QUEST application process, you must pass the identification test on the scientific names of about 200 species.

This may seem like a herculean task but rest assured it’s very doable. The secret is to start studying early! Your MOP student coordinator will have more information on the exam and resources to study effectively.

4) Practice your swimming – Quest students getting ready for a dive. Photo by Jeff Kuwabara, UHM MOP Coordinator.

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As part of the Diver in Train-

aring Now

P Student ing process to eventually become a science diver, you will need to pass the swim tests. This includes a timed 400 yard swim, 10 minutes treading water, 25 yards underwater holding your breath, and transporting a tired swimmer 25 yards on the surface. Your UDC and Dive Safety Office can walk you through the requirements. If you’re not a comfortable swimmer yet, it’s important to practice for these!

5) Go diving – To be successful with the methods at QUEST, you should be comfortable with your diving.

This means having good buoyancy control, balanced trim, and precise fin kicks. Ultimately you will be task loading underwater so having good foundational skills is critical for your success at QUEST. QUEST has changed the lives of countless MOP students, opening the doors to new careers and opportunities in marine science. If you have any questions about QUEST contact your campus’s MOP coordinator for more information. Best of luck in your early preparations! n

“

QUEST does not only make you a confident scientific diver, but builds relationships and skills in the marine science field that will last you a lifetime.

”

– Erin Stamper, UH Hilo MOP graduate and QUEST alumna)

(Right to Left) Victor Ciaramitaro (UHH MOP student) takes a photoquadrat while Brandie Colwell (UHH Marine Science) records the data and Campbell Gunnell (UHM MOP) observes.

Photo credit: Jeff Kuwabara (UHM MOP Coordinator)

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A collection of summer adventu

Sunset over cannery buildings at the Red Salmon Cannery, Naknek Alaska. Photo by Mason Mellot, UHM MOP Student

Mason Mellott, UHM MOP Student

barrier with my friend and instructor who had watched me take my first dry, strange breath in the pool, my This summer I worked at a salmon processing plant in SCUBA mommy if you will. I looked at my dive comAlaska. I know--someone who claims to care about maputer and saw three digits. I looked up at the silky blanrine life working for a company dedicated to killing large ket of water that was the surface above me. Beyond the amounts of it. Seems hypocritical right? That’s what I sand patch where garden eels poked up their heads was thought, too. But I came to realize that whether or not I the first shark I’ve ever seen diving. It was quiet and still. support certain fishing methods, they’re still going to be Bubbles rose to the surface. practiced. The fishermen I met in Alaska regularly used unsustainable fishing methods such as long-lining and Diving feels so awkward to me. I’m strapped into a harsieve nets. The problem with these methods is that un- ness, with my weight belt that never seems to be even on intended species are caught and die before they can be my body, with a hose feeding me air from a highly comreleased. Although I didn’t agree with the fishing meth- pressed container strapped to my back. The ocean is not ods being used I found comfort in being given the op- our world—but when I strap on my heavy, supposedly portunity to view the fishing industry from a new angle. streamlined gear to my body and descend I can’t help While in Alaska I was completely cut off from the out- but feel utterly stoked to be a part of it, even for the duside world. The only means of contact I had was a phone ration of 3000 psi. card, which I used twice to call my parents. I made lifeRunning off fish descriptions in my mind, but not quick long friends, saw a lot of bears, and on top of all that, enough to register genus and species before another worked 16 hours a day. Despite the many possible negaone went by, I compulsively threw my arms out and tive aspects to working at a salmon processing plant in pretended to be a manta ray gliding through the water Alaska, it is an experience that I would recommend to column in a fireworks show of color. Nothing existed anyone seeking adventure. This summer I learned that in the past or future for me. It was now, the inhale of the first step toward changing practices that you don’t breath, wide eyed with adventure. For a moment I was agree with is to familiarize yourself with said practices; part of their world. even if you have to get out of your comfort zone.

Jessica Lotts, UHM MOP Student Keelee Martin, UHH MOP Student Apart from working at the Diving Safety Office and doIt had been a long dry spell since I had been SCUBA ing summers sessions, I had a wonderful opportunity diving. I got back in the water this summer and for the to intern as a Marine Journalist at the 2016 Internafirst time in a long time I felt moments of peace and awe. tional Coral Reef Symposium (ICRS). This symposium I did my deepest dive this week, breaking that 100-foot

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Summer hikes. Keelee Martin, UHH MOP

ures by your Seawords writers:

Get to know us!

Camra Hopper, Editor, hiking to Wrigley’s Memorial on Catalina Island. Photo by Edwin Wangit.

consisted of over two thousand marine scientists from over 90 nations presenting their research on coral reefs worldwide. I was able to meet so many inspiring scientists, and had four articles published on the ICRS webpage. It was truly an incredible experience that left me hopeful for the future of our reefs.

knee surgery earlier this past year, and spent most of my off time surfing with friends and attempting to look really cool while repeatedly toppling into the ocean like an idiot. In the meantime I volunteered at the Honolulu Zoo and fooled myself into thinking that I was actually searching for a real job all summer (it never happened).

To top the break off before returning for my final year of I’ve also had the opportunity to college, I took a quick flight home to visit my family in edit case studies and do various Colorado and got to spend the short-but-sweet remainother projects for Big Ocean, who der of the break with them. are presenting at this year’s International Union for the Conservation Camra Hopper, Editor of Nature (ICUN) World ConserIn June, I took an amazing three week intensive sumvation Congress. Coincidentally, I mer course titled “Sustainability: A Strategic Commuwill also be interning for the IUCN nication Workshop.” This workshop provided students this fall--hopefully having some with the push to create and maintain their own camwriting experience with Big Ocean paign based on their passions in sustainability. It was will help! completely online and independent, but I was able to I also signed up for UH’s Scientific create a campaign using Instagram, WordPress, and an Diver Course, and am working on gaining my Diver-in- imaginary “Knowledge Booth” to express my campaign.

Training (DIT) status. I just did my pool checkout and My campaign was, “Balancing Marine Perceptions,” I will be doing an ocean checkout soon--wish me luck. touched base on the imbalance of our ecosystems, as well as what society believes is going on in the ocean. It Lastly, while snorkeling at Tidepools on the North really fueled my passion in a different way.

Shore, I found dead a cowry shell (Monetaria caputserpentis), which I’ve been trying to find for about a year I was also able to travel home to Southern California for so it was a big deal. The shell was overturned and empty a month. The best part was visiting my favorite beach, along barren sand bed and when I found it there was no Crystal Cove, with my dad. He’s been taking me to that one around to share in my excitement so I’m sharing it beach since I was three months old and as I got older he here. I finally found a cowry shell! taught me how to body surf, which we did plenty of this summer. Not only that, but I got to snorkel on Catalina Jeremy Gasta, UHM American Cetacean Society StuIsland, which is always a magical experience at Lover’s dent Cove.

Hello there, Seawords readers. I am Jeremy Gasta, But now that summer has come to an end, I attended writer of the Marine Mammal of the Month Column. the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s As it may be obvious, I have a deep-seated love of the (IUCN) World Conservation Congress (WCC), which ocean and its inhabitants, which is what has led me to is held every four years in a different country for scienbe pursuing a marine biology degree at the University tists, conservationists, businesses, and organizations to of Hawai‘i Mānoa campus. While originally from Coloexpress their view about conservation and sustainabilrado, this summer I remained on O‘ahu to take several ity. I am extremely excited that Jessica Lotts and Emily UH courses so that I can graduate with my degree by Menzies will also be at the Congress; together we will next August. I learned to surf after recovering from a SEPTEMBER/ SUMMER ISSUE 2016 |13

present different takes from the IUCN and bring it back During the summer, many students are working meto Seawords for all of our readers to enjoy. nial, taking tedious summer classes, or slaving away at internships where they only pay is having something Tyler Phelps, UHH MOP Student to put on their resume. This summer, I was fortunate This summer I had the privilege of interning at the enough to participate in a Maritime Archaeology field Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) for two school in Bermuda. The field school was hosted by the months. The small tropical country of Bermuda is locat- National Museum of Bermuda in Ireland Island, Bered 880 miles off the coast of South Carolina and is sur- muda. rounded by the Atlantic Ocean. I was a research intern in At the field school, we partook in site evaluations, unthe Reef Ecology and Evolution Lab under the superviderwater mapping, and conservation techniques. We sion of BIOS Assisdid site evaluations on two different shipwrecks: Cotton tant Research SciWreck 2 and tankard. Both of these wreck sites are an entist, Dr. Gretchen important part of Bermuda’s maritime culture. After the Goodbody-Gringevaluations were complete, we began to use two differley. My research ent mapping techniques, trilateration and grid mapping, focused on the reto map the wrecks. The hardest part about mapping unproductive ecology derwater is maintaining proper buoyancy control and of invasive lionfish being harassed by territorial fish. Even though we did in Bermuda. I colnot do any excavation during this field school, we were lected samples of taught how to conserve waterlogged artifacts.

Pterois volitans and Pterois miles using pole spears while SCUBA diving in Although diving everyday on shipwrecks is a dream addition to analyzing past gonad samples from females. come true, we did have quite a few mechanical and I was able to create a mathematical model that could weather issues that halted a lot of our research. The boat approximate lionfish egg abundances given the mass that we used to go out to the site, which was located of each gonad. I was able to accomplish my goal of de- on the outer reef, had a lot of engine issues. A few of termining the relationship of lionfish reproduction fre- times while we were driving out to the site, one of the quency with depth. My lab’s research was even featured engines died and we had to turn around and go back on local news and PBS News Hour! to the docks. During the summer months in Bermuda there are a lot of tropical storms that have high winds, In my time off, I used QUEST skills to conduct benthic some days as high as 30 knots/hour! and fish surveys for other faculty researchers and graduate students. I also had the opportunity to go on an Being able to participate in scientific diving on shipoceanographic research cruise on the 170ft R/V Atlan- wrecks in a place that is unique in the world makes for tic Explorer! I worked with physical oceanographers to an experience that I will forever cherish. From the peoprepare the ship’s conductivity, temperature, and depth ple I met to the experiences I had to the knowledge that (CTD) array for launches up to 3,400 meters deep. This I obtained, my summer in Bermuda met and exceeded was part of the North Atlantic Time Series hydrosta- all of my expectations. n tion, which is the longest ongoing oceanographic study in the world with bimonthly samplings since 1956.

I had a great summer applying scientific diving skills acquired from QUEST and fueling my passion for research as I start to apply to graduate schools. If you’re interested in doing an internship or REU at BIOS, contact me at phelpst@hawaii.edu for more information about my experience!

Emily Menzies, UHM MOP Student

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Emily Menzies, UHM MOP Student Scuba Diving at the L’Herminiei wreck site in Bermuda. Photo by: Emma Mather, University of Rhode Island Student.

critter of the month

Photo by: NOAA Photo Library, Flickr

Greenland Shark

Scientific Name: Somniosus microcephalus Size: 2.4m-6.4m (8ft-21ft) Diet: Smaller sharks, fish, and seals Range: North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans IUCN Red List Status: Near Threatened

By Mason Mellot, UHM MOP Student

G

reenland sharks, Somniosus microcephalus, also called gurry or grey sharks, inhabit the deep, dark, cold waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Greenland sharks can grow up to 6.4m (21ft.) long and weigh over 2,000 lbs. Although they are capable of short bursts of speed, Greenland sharks usually swim at just over 1 mph to conserve energy. These sharks are known to dive over 7,000 ft. deep in search of food, enduring high amounts of pressure and frigid temperatures. Greenland sharks are able to survive in such harsh conditions due partly to large concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (commonly abbreviated as TMAO) in their skin. TMAO serves to protect the sharks against osmotic pressure and freezing temperatures.

Roughly 80% of Greenland sharks are blind due to a parasitic copepod that attaches to and eats some of the shark’s eye. Greenland sharks are not greatly hindered when blinded because they have a fantastic sense of smell and live in a very dark environment anyway. There is evidence that the relationship between Greenland sharks and the copepods that commonly attach to their eyes is more of a symbiosis. Although the shark loses its vision, the dangling copepods, many of which are bioluminescent, serve as fantastic fishing lures.

Greenland sharks were previously thought to live an average of 272 years, making them the longest-lived vertebrates on earth. A new study indicates that they may live 400 years or longer. It isn’t very surprising that Greenland sharks are long-lived animals because their habitat is indicative of a slow metabolism, which correlates with longevity. The new study by researchers at the University of Copenhagen analyzes the nuclei of eye lenses using radio carbon dating to determine age. The results of this study indicate that Greenland sharks do not reach sexual maturity until they’re 150 years old and the total lifespan of these sharks may be 400 years or longer.

Whether its information we have known for many years, or information gleamed from a recent study, Greenland sharks will continue to fascinate us for many years to come.

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Giant River Otter Marine Mammal of the Month: Giant River Otter

By Jeremy Gasta, American Cetacean Society Student

Giant river otter in Brazil. Photo by Dagget2, Flickr.

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Scientific Name: Pteronura brasiliensis Local name: ariranha, “water jaguar” Range: South American Waterways Diet: Fish, Crustaceans, Reptiles Size: 5.5 feet long

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t’s well known that South America and the Amazon rainforest is crawling with dozens of dangerous and exotic predators. Jaguars, enormous snakes, caimans, army ants, and piranha lurk in the jungles and rivers. But one top Amazonian predator tends to be forgotten, despite the fact that they can attack many of the above beasts and are the largest of their kind: the giant river otter, Pteronura brasiliensis.

Their local name in Brazil, ariranha, is derived from the words for “water jaguar,” but they are also commonly known as the river wolf. As these names suggest, their diet can be made up of dozens of different animals. These are very opportunistic animals, and will eat almost any type of meat they can get their claws on. However, by and large they have a piscivorous diet, with fish being their preferred food item. They gravitate towards shalMaybe because otters are widelow water, where it is easier for them ly known for being adorable that to catch fish, and while virtually causes people to not view them as any fish can fall into their diet they potential top predators. It could also mostly eat cichlids (Cichlidae) and be because unlike all the other predpiranha (Charcidae). However, they ators, the giant river otter doesn’t will eat turtles, snakes, and at times pose much of a threat to humans. even gang up to kill anacondas and However, that doesn’t mean that caiman. these otters do not claim the title as rulers of the Amazon river. They Giant river otters are the most sohave adapted to their lifestyle well, cial of otter species, and live in small and because of their size and behav- family groups of three to eight. ior do not suffer much from preda- When a male and female pair totion or competition from other ani- gether, they will remain together for mals. the entirety of their lives and stake out a territory in which to live. The As their name suggests, giant river other members of their group, usuotters are the longest of all the otally pups, will venture out on their ters, and the largest river otter in own around two to three years of age the world (though they may be outto find their own territory. While weighed by sea otters). They reguconflicts can arise when fighting for larly reach lengths of five and a half territory, the otters tend to prefer feet, longer than an average female peace within their own species and human, though some are even said go to lengths to avoid fighting with to have grown as long as eight feet each other. Every otter has a unique (although widespread hunting has patch of white fur on their throat likely reduced the number of larger that researchers can use to identify otters such as those). Besides their individuals (similar to whale fluke size, giant otters are also unique patterns). The otters will also use among otters for being far more these to identify each other, engagsocial than most, living in family ing in a behavior called “periscopgroups, and for also being the most ing” in which they crane their necks vocal of the otters. out of the water to show their throat

markings off to other otters to see if they know each other. Giant otters give birth in the dry season (because the lower water levels make it easier for them to catch fish), and the entire family group, including older siblings, will help to catch enough food to provide for the young. Parents are extremely protective of their young and will even attack boats if they feel their pups are threatened.

The giant otter’s fur is so dense that water is unable to penetrate through to reach the skin, giving the animal an extremely velvety and soft pelt.

Unfortunately, this caused a massive demand for them in the mid-1900s, causing hunters to nearly wipe them out. The animals, while still endangered and protected today, face threats from illegal poaching, and their population estimates are less than 5000 individuals. This is compounded by the fact that otters are often curious and naïve, and will approach humans and boats without fear. They are also currently affected by habitat loss due to urbanization, as young otters leaving their families are unable to find territory to call their own. Luckily, many measures are being taken to help the species recover, including setting aside large areas in Peru and Bolivia as wildlife refuges. If these continue, the future looks bright for the world’s largest otter. n

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cean updates

By Keelee Martin, UHH MOP Student

PROTECTED AREAS COVER AROUND 15.4 PERCENT OF THE WORLD’S LAND AREA AND 3.4 PERCENT OF THE GLOBAL OCEAN AREA. THEY STORE 15 PERCENT OF THE GLOBAL TERRESTRIAL CARBON STOCK, HELP REDUCE DEFORESTATION, HABITAT AND SPECIES LOSS, AND SUPPORT THE LIVELIHOODS OF OVER ONE BILLION PEOPLE. Brought to you http://www.unep-wcmc.org/featured-projects/mapping-the-worlds-special-places

Photo submitted to the Seawords Photo Contest by Taylor Shedd, UHM MOP Alumnus

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10 Year Fishing Ban on a Reef in West Hawai‘i

versity of Queensland’s School of Biomedical Sciences and At the end of May, the Board of Land and Natural Rethree more researchers from sources approved a 10-year fishing ban over a 3.6 mile the University of Queensland, spread of reef on the west coast of Hawai‘i Island. The a species of fish was found to be able to learn and idenprotected reef is a marine reserve at Ka‘ūpūlehu that tify a human face with over 80% accuracy, an impressive will stand until June 30, 2026 in order for depleted fish task for a species without a neocortex. The current destocks to recover. bate is between two theories of how humans recognize The no-take zone will extend to a depth of 120 feet. Three faces. One claims that it is an innate capability that respecies of snapper, ehu or short-tail red snapper (Etelis lies on the way the neocortex is wired, the other theory carbunculus), onaga or long-tail red snapper (Etelis cor- claims that recognition is a learned ability that uses genuscans), and opakapaka or pink snapper (Pristipomoi- eral object recognition wiring. des filamentosus) may be taken by hook and line below Archerfish, (Toxotes chatareus) are a tropical freshwater 120 ft. Any removal of fish, coral, algae, or reef structure species most known for their ability to spit streams of along the 3.6 stretch above 120 ft. is prohibited. water in order to knock their aerial prey into the waThe Ka‘ūpūlehu stretch of land has historically been ter. With a monitor displaying two human faces above managed by the local families and descendants of the their tanks, archerfish were trained to choose a face area. That is not the case today. Once the luxury resort with their water streams. The learned face would be disand private homes were put in, public access to the played with a series of other faces and the fish would coastline was authorized as a condition for resort de- be able to correctly identify the face it had learned to velopment. recognize. These experiments had a mean accuracy of 81%. To test the fish further, head shape and color were This moratorium has not gone without controversy. also removed from the display and the brightness was Some fisherman have argued that stocks are healthy or standardized. These experiments had a mean accuracy that present declines are a result of factors unrelated to of 86%. These results indicate that the fish learned to fishing. On the other hand, many local descendants of recognize key features of the face and not only obvious the area and members of the Ka‘ūpūlehu Marine Life differences.

Advisory Committee have fought for years for this reserve to be created. Ultimately, regardless of cause, bi- Dr. Cait Newport, a Marie Curie Research Fellow in ologists have seen a serious decline in the fishes that are the Department of Zoology at Oxford, explained that actively caught for food from 1992-2012. fish have simpler brains than humans, completely lacking what human brains use to recognize faces. “Despite Tina Owens, the co-chair of the West Hawai‘i Fishery this,” she says, “many fish demonstrate impressive visual Council said, “Allowing unlimited, unmanaged take behaviors and therefore make the perfect subjects to test of fish is a worldwide problem… not addressing this whether simple brains can complete complicated tasks.” problem will result in a breakdown of all the world’s fisheries. Everyone who wants to see fishing continue Some birds have also been found to recognize faces as through the next century should applaud these kinds of well, but it is now known they possess similar neocortex proposals.” structures in their brains. These fish reveal that facial recognition can be learned and more complex brains This 10-year ban is still debated among many, whether are not required for facial recognition. it is truly necessary, if it will do enough, and if the manpower exists to enforce it.

Online 3D Fish Library Fish Perform Human Facial Recognition

An ambitious biology and fisheries science professor at the University of Washington is leading a project Substantial evidence shows that the ability for humans to create a free online database with 3D, high resoluto perform facial recognition lies within the brain’s neotion images of fish skeletons of every fish species in the cortex. In a study led by Dr. Cait Newport, of the Uniworld, all 25,000 of them. Adam Summers, the project’s versity of Oxford’s Zoology Department and the UniSEPTEMBER/ SUMMER ISSUE 2016 |19

leader works out of Friday Harbor Laboratories in the San Juan Islands. The idea for this project is to make an easily accessible way for scientists to examine species morphologies and to understand why certain groups of fish have similar physical characteristics.

leads to developmental and physical complications in fetuses, babies and children. Led by PhD candidate, Caitlin Gionfriddo and Dr. John Moreau, from the University of Melbourne, an international team of researchers who represented the Center for Systems Genomics (at the University of Melbourne), the US Geological Summers began scanning fishes with the CT scanners in Survey and Lawrence Livermore National Lab, aimed hospitals. His scan of a stingray was the first CT-scanned their study to understand how such a toxic substance fish to appear on the cover of a biology journal in 2000. enters the environment and subsequently, into the food Despite gaining efficiency by scanning more than one we eat. fish at a time, scan cost was still between $500-$2,000 per scan. The need for an in-house CT scanner became Gionfriddo collected samples of Antarctic sea ice for a priority and last November $340,000 was raised to buy two months while aboard the icebreaker, Aurora Ausone. Like his vision for a free catalog of fishes, Summers’ tralis, on an expedition led by the Australian Antarctic policy for using the Division. Mercury, a heavy metal is released as a pollutCT scanner is about ant during volcanic eruptions, wildfires and industrial accessibility and processes like gold smelting and the burning of fossil collaboration. The fuels. Dr. Robyn Schofield, one of the paper’s co-authors machine is free and explained that, “Mercury has a long lifecycle in the atavailable for any- mosphere, up to a year…this means that mercury reone’s use as long as leased through fossil fuel burning from countries over the fish specimen 3000 km [1864 miles] away goes up in the atmosphere comes from mu- and ends up in Antarctica.” Gionfriddo further exseum-accessioned plained that the mercury deposits happen year round, collections. but intensify in the spring when sunlight is present.

Many researchers worldwide have Summers Scan of the fringed filefish (Monacan- taken thus ciliatus). photo courtesy of: Uni- up on his offer and bring their speciversity of Washington mens to Friday Harbor or mail in their fishes to be scanned. A total of 515 species have been scanned so far and Summers estimates that the project will be completed within the next 2.5-3 years. From there he aspires to double his goal and scan the 50,000 species of vertebrates using six CT scanners. A grant proposal is in the works.

To see the catalog of fishes scanned so far you can visit the open science framework at https:// osf.io/ecmz4/wiki/Fishes/. All fish have their own catalog number and can be viewed from different angles.

Methyl Mercury in Antarctic Sea Ice A study published in August found that Antarctic sea ice bacteria turn mercury into methylmercury, a potent neurotoxin. Excess methylmercury exposure can cause brain damage that 20| Seawords

Dr. Moreau, a geomicrobiologist at the University of Melbourne, stated that the results of this study identified the genus of bacteria, Nitrospina, that has the genetic aptness to convert mercury to its more toxic form by methylation.

Methylmercury becomes a problem for human con-

sumption through a process called biomagnification.

A food web becomes contaminated when a larger organism eats a smaller contaminated organism, with the process continuing until an organism accumulates so much methylmercury that if consumed by a human, poses severe health threats.

The results of this study indicate the need for a better understanding of marine mercury pollution Dr. Moreau said, especially, “in a warming climate and when depleted fish stocks means more seafood companies [look south].” The researchers urge the elimination of mercury pollution and adherence to limited consumptions of mercury polluted fishes.

lection (the largest in the world). A total of two samples were thought to represent this new species. Further DNA samples were taken from museum exhibitions, research institutions and Japanese markets where whale meat was sold. Two years ago, a beaked whale was found dead on the shore of St. George Island, an island in the Bering Sea. DNA sampling showed it a match for the whale Morin had been looking for.

After collecting samples, Morin not only saw size, coloration, and genetic differences but also differences in geographic distribution. The eight samples obtained for this species show their presence in northern Japan, the Aleutian Islands and in the Bering Sea. This distribution is a smaller scope than the Baird’s beaked whale New Beaked Whale Species Identified which extends from the North Pacific throughout Japan In late July, DNA analysis confirmed a new species of to Baja California. Cookie cutter shark scars were also beaked whale. First recognized by Japanese whalers, observed on the species which may point to southern this black whale had been thought to be a rarer form migrations to tropical waters. Genetic analysis also reof Baird’s beaked whale (Berardius bairdii). The more vealed that this new beaked whale species was closer on commonly seen Baird’s beaked whale is larger and grey the phylogenetic tree to the southern hemisphere resiin color. Phillip Morin, the lead author and research bi- dent, Arnoux’s beaked whale (Berardius arnuxii), than ologist at NOAA Fisheries’ Southwest Fisheries Science to Baird’s beaked whale.

Center, began investigating this black whale after a study Morin, using guidelines established by Reeves et al. done in Japan suggested that rather than being a dwarf 2004 at a cetacean taxonomy meeting, calls for two lines form of Baird’s beaked whale, it was a new species. The of evidence, such as morphology and mtDNA sequence challenge in confirming their proposed hypothesis was to identify a new species. The genetics, morphology, obtaining enough specimens of the rare whale. and distribution of these whales provided multiple lines Morin, determined to find out more about this black of evidence, therefore allowing Morin to confirm the whale, sought out genetic samples from the Southwest black whale a new species in the genus Berardius. ForFisheries Science Center’s marine mammal tissue col- mal naming is awaiting review.

Eric Hoyt, a researcher for Whale and Dolphin Conservation in the United Kingdom and codirector of the Russian Cetacean Habitat project said, “Discovering a new species of whale in 2016 is exciting but it also reveals how little we know and how much more work we have to do to truly understand these species.” n

The Antarctic Ice Sheet combined with the Greenland Ice Sheet contain more than 99 percent of the freshwater ice on Earth, states the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Photo by: Andreas Kambanis, Flickr

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R

ecreational shore fishing is a fun, leisurely activity t rounded by the Pacific Ocean, there are large numbe so it’s important to know the rules and regulations in

THE OCEAN SPANS OVER 70

It is responsible for regulating temp numerous species, and is a source for gives us so much and it is time for us to r the ocean ecosystem healthy again. Alm ocean in some way. Our everyday choic ocean. Here are some examples of gre

1.

Make sure you know if you are in a regulated fishing area. Each designated zone has very specific and unique rules which must be followed in order to avoid a hefty fine. To view a list of regulated fishing areas on O‘ahu and all other islands, check the Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) page at: http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/dar/fishing/fishingregulations/regulated-areas/regulated-fishing-areas-onoahu/

2.

Areas not listed on the DAR website should be okay to fish, however it’s important to check local signs before beginning to fish. Check the area for signs that may indicate off-limits fishing zones.

3.

Be mindful of the waves. Never turn your back to the sea--you never know when a big swell could hit, and getting hit by a rogue wave could do some major damage to yourself and equipment. For tide listings, go to: http:// www.hawaiitides.com/

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GENERA

BLU

By:

4.

Clean up after yoursel or any other trash behind ca encounter it. Ingestion or e consequences. Be sure to pro and keep the beaches clean so enjoying t

that can be enjoyed in Hawai‘i year round. On an island surers of various fish to catch. Fishing is a sport enjoyed by many, n order to keep yourself, along with our beaches and seas safe.

0 PERCENT OF OUR WORLD.

ATION

UE

Actions for the Ocean

perature, food production, sustaining inspiration for many people.The ocean return the favor and take actions to make most every action that we take affects the ces can be tailored to support a healthy een acts that will keep the ocean blue.

7.

Use barbless circle hooks that are less damaging to fish and increase their chances of survival after release. For information on how to convert your barbed hooks to barbless and more on the damaging effects of barbs, checkout the NOAA Fisheries website below: https://pifsc-www.irc. noaa.gov/barbless_circle_hook/faqs_and_howtos.php

6.

Catch fish that are in season, and carefully release those that are not. The Department of Land and Natural Resources provides a detailed list of regulated marine fishes and vertebrates that can and can’t be caught. Fish sustainably and follow the guidelines at: dlnr.hawaii.gov/ dar/fishing/fishing-regulations/marine-fishes-and-vertebrates/

: Jessica Lotts, UHM MOP Student

lf. Leaving leftover line, bait, an be deadly to animals that entanglement can have fatal operly dispose of your waste o you and others can continue their use.

5.

Make sure your gear isn’t restricted. Having/using illegal gear will result in a fine. To check the status of your gear, go to: http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/dar/fishing/fishing-regulations/gear-restrictions/

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FREE PUBLIC TALKS

September 2016

SUNDAYS HANAUMA BAY

NOAA Cetacean Research Team

4 September • • •

18 September - No Seminar -

Film Showing

11 September • •

Finding mobile needles in a moving haystack: counting whales and dolphins in Hawaiian waters

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25 September • • •

Using sound to understand how and why fishing boats get ‘whaled’

FLASHBACK: 1981

Written by: Camra Hopper, Editor Photos By: John Coney, UHH Staff Coordinator

B

ack in October 1981 MOP had its very own aquarium! This aquarium was purchased and maintained by the students and staff—several students were even able to use Aquarium Maintenance for their MOP certificate. Currently, Mānoa MOP does not have an aquarium, but UH-Hilo does, allowing students to gain experience maintaining a mini-ecosystem. Currently, Ashley Pugh, UH-H MOP student, has been taking amazing care of the tank and built a refugium, the 55 gallon tank and sump on the side as a biological filter, for her MOP Certificate.

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September Photo credit: Daniel Jemings, UHM MOP Alnumnus and Photography Contestant

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Sunday’s at the Bay Hanauma Bay 3 - 4 pm Science and Film

Labor Day - NO SCHOOl

QUEST Fish ID Class MOP Back to School BBQ Deal Hall 104 Bellows Beach 6:00 pm - 9:00 pm 9:00 am - 4:00 pm Sunday’s at the Bay Hanauma Bay 3 - 4 pm Science and Film QUEST Invert ID Class Deal Hall 104 6:00 pm - 9:00 pm

QUEST Fish I Deal Hall 104 6:00 pm - 9:00

QUEST Inver Deal Hall 104 6:00 pm - 9:00

Sunday’s at the Bay Hanauma Bay 3 - 4 pm Science and Film

25 Sunday’s at the Bay Hanauma Bay 3 - 4 pm Science and Film

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QUEST Limu ID Class Deal Hall 104 6:00 pm - 9:00 pm

QUEST Limu Deal Hall 104 6:00 pm - 9:00

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University of Hawai`i at MÄ noa Seawords, Marine Option Program College of Natural Sciences 2450 Campus Road, Dean Hall 105A Honolulu, HI 96822-2219 Address Service Requested

Thank you for reading!