December 2018 Seawords

Seaw rds The Marine Option Program Newsletter

December 2018

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NOAA HAWKSBILL RECOVERY STUDENT PERSPECTIVE STRAW BAN: SURFRIDER

“The Marine Option Program helped me obtain this internship and I am so glad I took the opportunity...”

December 2018

Volume XXXII, Number 10

Articles Page 3: Letter from the Editor Page 4: Arctic Sea Ice Thinnest and Youngest it has Ever Been in Recorded History Page 6: NOAA Hawksbill Recovery Page 7: Critter of the Month Page 8: Ocean Art Page 10: Student Perspective Page 12: Ocean Updates Page 14: Straw Ban: Surfrider Page 16: Generation Blue Page 18: Hanauma Bay: Calendar of Events Page 19: Flashback: 1999 Page 20: MOP Calendar of Events: December

About the Photography -Cover: Adrian Midgley, Flickr -Table of Contents: Ray in Manila, Flickr -December Calendar of Events: Lindsey Rohlf, UHH MOP Student -Back cover: Jon Wiley, Flickr -All uncredited photos by: MOP -Disclaimer: any photo taken from flickr.com is used under the Creative Commons License and is credited appropriately with links to the user’s flickr account.

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Letter from the Editor

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loha!

Welcome to the December 2018 issue of Seawords! Finals are in full swing - but don’t stress! Open up this issue of Seawords, take a short break from studying, and read all about the critters you love! Hearing about a turtle rehabilitation has to lift your mood - turn to page 6 to discover a hawksbill sea turtle’s (Eretmochelys imbricate) journey to recovery at NOAA’s Inouye Regional Center on Ford Island. Page 10 will keep your hopes up about balancing school and internships. Emily Gootgeld, UHM MOP Student Coordinator, has us feeling inspired about her HIMB Shark Lab internship! Think you can’t take on finals and save the environment?

Think again - Rayna McClintock updates us on Surfrider’s fight to ban straws on UH Mānoa campus. Find the link to support this ban on page 14.

Good luck to everyone on finals and have a turtley awesome winter break!

What would you like to see more of in Seawords? Send us your thoughts!

Mahalo for reading,

Jenny Johnson, Seawords Editor Seawords

Volume XXXII, Number 10, December 2018 Editor: Jenny Johnson Dr. Cynthia Hunter (éminence grise) Jeffrey Kuwabara (éminence grise) Seawords- Marine Option Program University of Hawai‘i, College of Natural Sciences 2450 Campus Road, Dean Hall 105A Honolulu, HI 96822-2219 Telephone: (808) 956-8433 Email: <seawords@hawaii.edu> Website: <http://www.hawaii.edu/mop> Seawords is the monthly newsletter of the Marine Option Program at the University of Hawai‘i. Opinions expressed herein are not necessariliy those of the Marine Option Program or of the University of Hawai‘i.

Suggestions and submissions are welcome. Submissions may include articles, photography, art work, or anything that may be of interest to the marine community in Hawai‘i and around the world.

All photos are taken by MOP unless otherwise credited.

DECEMBER 2018 |3

Arctic Sea Ice Thinnest and Youngest it has Ever Been in Recorded History By: Paula Alcoseba, UH Maui MOP Student

Sunset in East Greenland. Photo by: Markus Trienke, Flickr.

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ccording to a study published by NASA scientist, Dr. Ron Kwok of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, Arctic sea ice is the thinnest and youngest it has ever been in recorded history. Kwokâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s research combined satellite records and declassified submarine sonar data to construct a 60-year record of Arctic sea ice thickness.

Since records began in 1958, the sea ice in this region has gone from mostly older thicker ice which builds up and lasts for many years, to younger thinner ice which is seasonal. More than 70% of Arctic sea ice is now seasonal; this type of ice forms in the winter and melts in the summer. It is weaker and melts faster, making it more susceptible to wind and atmospheric conditions.

As temperatures at the poles increase, more multiyear ice melts into the Atlantic Ocean and there is less seasonal ice building up over the winter that can survive through the summer. As a result, there is less ice over all, and a much higher proportion of young ice compared to multiyear ice. The thickness and coverage in the Arctic are now dominated by the growth, melting and deformation of seasonal

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ice. This is a cause for concern because multiyear ice is thicker, stronger and rougher than seasonal ice, and it is more resilient to changes in its environment. For one thing, seals and polar bears depend on year-round ice as their hunting and breeding grounds. The Arctic food chain begins with algae and other tiny organisms that

ICESCAPE (Impacts of Climate on Ecosystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment) mission in Chukchi Sea. Photo by: NASA/ Kathryn Hansen, Flickr.

IceBridge Survey Flight Over Saunders Island and Wolstenholme Fjord in 2013. Photo by: NASA/ Michael Studinger, Flickr. live on and within the sea ice.

older ice has shrunk by almost 800,000 square miles.

According to a separate study published this year in the Kwok and his team found that since 1958, Arctic ice National Snow and Ice Data Center, the percentage of cover has lost about two-thirds of its thickness, and multiyear ice cover has declined from 61 percent to 34 percent since 1984, and that the oldest sea ice now accounts for just 2 percent of the ice cover. This means that more of the total ice cover consists of “first-year” ice, or ice that’s only been frozen for one season.

ICESCAPE mission ship, Healy, cutting through the ice to get scientists to remote research sites. Photo by: NASA/ Kathryn Hansen, Flickr.

Less sea ice means more heat is absorbed into the ocean. The ocean controls the world’s climate system by circulating heat, moisture and nutrients around our planet. Disruptions in this system, like extra heat, have global impacts that can lead to more frequent and extreme weather events around the world. With the changing of our ice caps to younger thinner ice, in addition to lower overall ice levels, the Arctic ecosystem could change in more complex ways scientists are still beginning to understand. n

DECEMBER 2018 |5

NOAA Hawksbill Recovery By: Kayla White, UHM MOP Student

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n July 2018, a very sick hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate) was found stranded in Kailua on O‘ahu. Hawksbill sea turtles are considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List and are arguably the most endangered turtle species in the Pacific Ocean, so the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) launched a team very quickly to respond to this sick turtle and it was brought back to NOAA’s Inouye Regional Center on Ford Island.

Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate) at Punalu‘u Black Sand Beach, Big Island. Photo by: Michael Lusk, Flickr.

After veterinary examination, they were able to conclude the hawksbill was extremely malnourished and suffering from a respiratory infection. The VCA Family Animal Hospital performed many tests, including CT scans, to determine how to help the hawksbill. High calorie food, provided by Dolphin Quest Kahala, and antibiotic treatments were administered for almost four months.

The successful treatments paid off because the young hawksbill sea turtle was released on October 18, 2018, near the beach where it was originally stranded. “’E2’ has been etched on its shell so we can more easily keep track of it. We encourage the public to report if they see this, or any hawksbill, in Hawaiʻi,” says Irene Kelly, NOAA Pacific Islands Region’s sea turtle recovery coordinator. NOAA encourages the public to report any sea turtle with a number etched on it, even if unsure what kind of turtle.

Kelly kindly reminds us, “With such a small local population, every hawksbill is extremely valuable. We appreciate everyone’s participation in this successful hawksbill rehabilitation effort.” n

Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate) at the Wakatobi Dive Resort. Photo by: Christian Gloor, Flickr.

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NOAA’s Marine Animal Response Hotline: 1-888-256-4890

critter of the Month By: Kelsey Loenhorst, UHM MOP Student

Hawaiian Turkeyfish

(Pterois sphex) Hawaiian Name: Nohu Pinao Distribution: Endemic to Hawaiian Islands Size: Can grow up to 8 inches long Diet: They are nocturnal feeders, preying on crustaceans Coloration: Dark reddish-brown specimen with vertical white stripes, a long single dorsal spine, and extended spines on the pectoral fins Habitat: The Hawaiian turkeyfish is found at depths of 9 to 400 feet, occasionally spotted in the daytime IUCN Red List Status: Least concern

W (Scorpaenidae).

ith the holiday season upon us, it only seems appropriate to investigate the Hawaiian turkeyfish (Pterois sphex), belonging to the Scorpionfish family

This intricate-looking fish is found in the eastern Central Pacific, as well as in Hawaiian waters. Turkeyfish have distinctive brown or maroon and white stripes or bands covering the head and body. They have fan-like pectoral fins; long, separated dorsal spines; 13 dorsal spines; 10-11 dorsal soft rays; 3 anal spines; and 6-7 anal soft rays. (Maui Ocean Center, 2018.) Basically, they have spines all over which give them a round appearance, hence the nickname turkeyfish! An adult turkeyfish can grow as large as 18 inches, while juveniles may be as small as 1 inch or less.

Turkeyfish are found in most found in warm marine waters of the tropics. They have been found in water depths from nine to 400 feet and are a nocturnal species so it is a definite treat to spot them in the daytime.

Their dark tones and physical appearance make it easy for them to blend in with their surroundings, making them a very skilled ambush predator.

They have the ability to corner their prey with their large fins and lightning-fast gulp reflex, much like the frogfish.

During the day, lionfish tend to stay in caves under ledges, often upside down. Because of their venomous spines, it is never recommended to reach into crevices or caves as one of these animals might be lurking in the area.

Despite their venomous spines and intimidating appearance, turkeyfish are quite beautiful and are a great contribution to Hawai‘i’s colorful, lively reef community. Keep an eye out for them your next dive or snorkel! n Hawaiian turkeyfish (Pterois sphex) nestled against a rock. Photo by: Sheraca, Flickr.

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ocean art

Flying on Water By: Marissa Montalbo, HCC Student

Big Sur, California. Photo by: Brando, Flickr.

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Marissaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s poem was chosen from a collection of poems submitted to us by Eric Paul Shaffer, an HCC English Professor, and written by his English 201: Creative Writing class.

I’m in the lineup at Kewalos, On the busy island of O‘ahu, And I’m surrounded by people who take joy In riding the waves, like I do.

As I sit on the tail of my board, With the nose slanted in the air, I can’t help but notice A massive swell forming in the distance.

The wave approached and everyone paddled towards the middle, Desperately trying to get closest to the peak.

The uncles yelled, “Paddle hard!”

My heart raced.

“A solid Hawaiian three-footer!” Someone yelled.

Despite the large crowd, This wave belonged to me.

The wave began to take me.

I pushed myself up and make the drop.

As I took the bottom turn, I went left.

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Student Pe Internship at La By: Emily Gootgeld, UHM Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) at HIMB sharklab. Photo by: Emily Gootgeld, UHM MOP Student Coordinator.

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hen I was first looking a tour of Coconut Island w studying marine biology take a tour of the Hawai‘ have many labs conducting current rese While taking the tour, we came across a unique internship. As an intern, she wou my mind and from that point forward, weeks later, I decided I wanted to atten studying marine biology. Whenever I t Hawai‘i, I dreamed of this internship. O a friend who used to be an intern at the s ing a few emails my freshman year, I go

After the training during spring semest est intern at the shark lab. I now go in o have scalloped hammerheads (Sphyrna nus melanopterus), and sandbar sharks ( feeding the different sharks. One day th the juvenile sharks will be fed. They do they do not even eat when they are be days without eating. We mainly feed the variety of other fish.

Emily Gootgeld, UHM MOP Student Coordinator, is all smiles at her internship at HIMB! Photo by: Jenna Williams.

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Along with the feedings I do once a wee assist with tagging excursions when the had the opportunity to go tiger shark (G we caught one nine-foot tiger shark. We dorsal fin. This helps to track the tiger s O‘ahu and the results show exactly wher

Through this internship, I am gaining h love working with--sharks! I also meet

erspective: HIMB Shark ab MOP Student Coordinator

at coming to school in Hawai‘i, I took a with my family. Since I was considering y, we thought it would be reasonable to ‘i Institute of Marine Biology where they earch through the University of Hawai‘i. an intern at the shark lab; she had a very uld come and feed the sharks! This blew I wanted to have that internship. A few nd the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, thought of studying marine biology in Once I got here, I joined MOP and made shark lab on Coconut Island; after sendot my dream internship at the shark lab!

HIMB shark lab. Photo by: Emily Gootgeld, UHM MOP Student Coordinator. nect and build lifelong relationships. This is an amazing community to network and learn from one another. On top of the people I meet, I get the opportunity to work with professional scientists and I get to learn so much from them that I will take with me when I graduate from college.

The Marine Option Program helped me obtain this internship and I am so glad I took the opportunity because the best way to figure out what you want to do is to get experience doing exactly that! n

ter of my freshman year, I was the newon Sundays to do the shark feedings. We lewini), blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhi(Carcharhinus plumbeus). We switch off he adult sharks will be fed and the next, o not need to eat everyday; sometimes eing fed. These sharks can go multiple e sharks capelin and squid, along with a

ek, interns also have the opportunity to e scientists need extra help. Last spring I Galeocerdo cuvier) tagging. On that trip e secured an ID tag and a camera on its shark to get data on its location around re the shark swims.

hands on experience with the animals I amazing people with whom I can con-

An exciting moment for Emily, as she touches a tigerhsark (Galeocerdo cuvier).

Photo by: Polly Miller.

DECEMBER 2018 |11

cean updates

By: Courtney Kingery, UHM MOP Student

“IF WE KEEP PRODUCING (AND FAILING TO PROPERLY DISPOSE OF) PLASTICS AT PREDICTED RATES, PLASTICS IN THE OCEAN WILL OUTWEIGH FISH POUND FOR POUND IN 2050,” WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM.

Diving Deeper

tant, quite expensive, and dangerous journey that will put them into the history books once completed. What As we know, the ocean is full of unknowns and depths makes this voyage even more vital is that they will be greater than the height of Mt. Everest. Explorer Victor looking around the location where the lost Malaysian Vescovo and scientist Alan Jamieson will take a dive in Airlines flight MH370 is thought to be. Not only is this the Limiting Factor, a manned submersible that should project highlighting the scientific and technological adreach the deepest known part of the ocean, about 7000m vances it will encompass, but it could also lead to the deep, the Challenger Deep located in the Pacific Ocean. closure that many families need.

The entire voyage is being named “The Five Deeps” because just one trench is not good enough for these two Bryozoan Invasion men. The plan is to dive into the Puerto Rico Trench, Alaska is home to many ports, with ferries, cruise South Sandwich Trench, Java Trench, Mariana Trench ships, barges and fishing boats travelling up and down and the Molloy Deep. All of these locations could use its coast. From foreign waters, Ketchikan is usually the an update on its cartography and the two men hope to first stop, and is recently home to a new invasive species. provide just that. With the increased knowledge on loThought to have travelled to this region by boat, Bugula cale as well as the possibility of discovering new species, neritina was only discovered in October of this year. Bethese men are about to embark on an extremely imporcause these animals are colonial filter-feeders, they can

A dumbo octopus (Grimpoteuthis) at a depth of 825 feet in the WHITING trench. Photo by: NOAA OKEANOS EXPLORER Program, Oceano Profundo 2015; Exploring Puerto Rico’s Seamounts, Trenches, and Troughs, Flickr.

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Sciences as well as the Smiths onian Environmental Research Center have shown interest in the spread of this invasive species along with other invertebrates that are causing a commotion in Ketchikan waters. Educating the public has been an important task that will hopefully assist in decreasing the problems that have been presented by these invasive species.

The New Frontier Ketchikan, Alaska. Photo by: urban_lenny, Flickr. deprive the native species of oxygen and food that they snatch out of the water column. Although they are invertebrates which tend to not have an overly aggressive reputation, this species can cause some damage if left to its own destructive devices. The teams of researchers from universities like Temple University and University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Fisheries and Ocean

Just like the Klondike Gold Rush,

word has spread that precious metals are found in deep sea nodules. These nodules have been seen on whale carcasses at 4,000 meters and the mining industry has become interested.

With metals like iron and manganese which are commonly found in land mines, along with copper, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum and vanadium, these nodules, that are millions of years old, may justify the cost of deep sea dives. Yes, these metals can all be found on land, however they are not usually seen together within one mine. By going on one expedition to the deep, miners can get all of these metals which would normally be obtained from two or three different mines in completely different locations. One whale carcass was found in tropical Pacific with these nodules covering the bones, so who knows how many whale and other mammal carcasses are untouched and ready to be utilized. n

Pelagite deep seafloor manganese nodule. Photo by: James St. John, Flickr.

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Straw Ban: Surfrider By: Rayna McClintock, UHM MOP Student Every day, people walk around campus with a drink in hand and a straw sticking out of the top. But where does that straw go after they have used it? Has anyone thought about what comes next? That straw will be tossed in either a recycling bin or the trash, but it does not matter which one because straws cannot be recycled. That straw then travels to a landfill where it will sit for up to 200 years. If it never made it to a trash bin to begin with, it will probably end up in the ocean.

Members of Surfrider. Photo by: Dominique Peña.

in the world’s oceans every year. Plastic bags and other plastic garbage thrown into the ocean kill as many as 1 million sea creatures every year.” And that plastic does not go away - it will only get smaller, becoming a microplastic where it can cause even more harm. People should be thinking about the straw in their cup. It seems a little bit useless now.

Surfrider UH is currently fighting to ban plastic straws from our campus. You might be wondering, why straws?

Do straws even have an impact? That is a valid According to Seaquestion. Banning every stewards, a promistraw from the world will nent ocean consernot solve our plastic polvation organization, lution problem. But we “Americans generhave to start somewhere.

Surfrider booth. Photo by: Dominique Peña. ate 10.5 million tons Surfrider conducted a of plastic waste a waste audit, finding that year but recycle only 1 or 2% of it. An estimated 14 bil- we use 50,000 straws on campus every single day. That is lion pounds of trash – most of it plastic – is dumped 50,000 pieces of plastic that will be used once and then 14| Seawords

discarded to never be thought about again. As a society, some of us may have forgotten the concept of sustainability. We continue to create, consume, and discard at an unprecedented rate that our planet cannot keep up with. The creation of a plastic straw ban starts the conversation around plastic pollution. If people think twice about the straw they put in their drink maybe they will think twice about the plastic cup they are drinking out of or the plastic bag their food came in.

Surfrider’s team had the passion to take action against plastic. With very little past experience in creating policy, Surfrider volunteers have been working tirelessly to make change on campus as the leading club fighting for plastic reducSurfrider members cleaning beach and sorting through trash. Photo tion. They are collecting student support with by: Dominique Peña. online surveys and petitions, meeting with the food vendors on campus and have already reBuy reusable utensils and join the plastic free moveceived support from the Vice Chancellor of University ment! n of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. They are currently going through the finalization stage of this ban and hope to have it in To support Surfrider’s petition to ban plastic straws place by the end of the year. It is our responsibility as at UH Mānoa, visit students to set the standard for the rest of the state. As https://petitions.moveon.org/sign/university-of-hawe are a public university, what happens to our campus waii-1. could end up having an effect on state policy to lead to a more sustainable future.

Photo by: Surfrider.

DECEMBER 2018 |15

Actions for the Ocean

GENERATION

BLUE By: Sarah Brand, KCC MOP Student

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hat do we know about the relationship between carbon dioxide and the ocean? What is the ocean’s threshold for massive amounts of absorption of this gas and what can we do as informed citizens to decrease it?

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Watch What You Eat As CO2 levels rise in the ever accepting waters that surround our Earth, drastic and detrimental effects are occurring throughout underwater biomes and one way we can help reduce these carbon emissions is by watching what we eat, meat specifically. According to DUS Green Team at Penn State, consuming one fewer burger every week is the equivalent of keeping your car off the road for 320 miles. How can this be? Let’s think about this a little more, there is oil and gas used for the machines to cut down the trees, the harvesting machines on the ranches where they grow the feed, the equipment in the slaughterhouses and meat-packing plants, the planes that fly the beef around the world and lastly, your car on the way to pick it up from the grocery store. Let’s also not forget about those pesky cow farts and burps. Per year, one cow produces 70 to 120 kg of the highly potent greenhouse gas, methane. Not only is going one day a week without meat better for you but it’s better for the oceans as well!

Coral reef. Photo by: Richard Ricciardi, Flickr.

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THE OCEAN SPANS OVER 70 PERCENT OF OUR WORLD. It is responsible for regulating temperature, food production, sustaining numerous species, and is a source for inspiration for many people.The ocean gives us so much and it is time for us to return the favor and take actions to make the ocean ecosystem healthy again.

Almost every action that we take affects the ocean in some way. Our everyday choices can be tailored to support a healthy ocean. Here are some examples of green acts that will keep the ocean blue.

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Drive Less Another carbon reducing habit you can create for yourself is a more obvious one, driving your car less.. Carpooling eliminates additional cars on the road, as does taking public transportation and riding a bike, which also benefits your health. Now many of us know that these are very possible paths to take, but the convenience of driving can overshadow the overall environmental benefits of using another solution. Make it a weekly challenge for yourself to start with one day a week in which you don’t drive your car and discover new inventive ways of getting around.

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Become a Citizen Scientist Be a citizen scientist so that you can help make the change that you would like to see happen in the world. The State of Hawai‘i Tourism Authority’s Natural Resources Program has created a manual specifically for those who want to volunteer in the field of water quality testing, management and general self-education. I recommend to check out these pages specifically for more relevant information. Page 21 provides helpful info on how to set goals for yourself and/or your community as volunteers. Page 32 gives a list of different types of water quality testing. These are just a few helpful areas in the manual.

Use Apps Apps to the rescue! If you’re curious of your individual carbon footprint and would like simple ways to reduce it, look no further than that little metal rectangle you carry around with you everywhere. Yes there are apps to help you in every facet of your life, from star-gazing to dating and now there are several to assist in decreasing the size of your carbon footprint. Here are a few to look into that are directly related to tracking your carbon footprint; Oroeco , Leafully - Apps for Energy and this last one about recycling, iRecycle.

DECEMBER 2018 |17

DECEMBER 2018 Hawaiʻi Sea Grant Graduate Trainees & NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division

6 December

• Fact checking science with community knowledge • Erin “Bear” Braich • Field Ecology 101 with OPIHI: from wet feet to free-diving • Flo La Valle • How does economic activity affect water demand on Oʻahu • Sisi Zhang

13 December

• Thermal Stress on Coral Reefs Across the Pacific Islands • Roberto Venegas,

NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT HANAUMA BAY SEMINARS: Science Talks or Educational Films

Thursday evenings at Hanauma Bay 6:30 P.M. to 7:30 P.M. Admission FREE Parking FREE after 4 P.M.

Follow us on social media 18| Seawords

FLASHBACK: 1999 By: Jenny Johnson, Editor

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anuary 15, 1999 was a special day for the MOP community. A big move to the new office in Dean Hall had finally been completed and a blessing of the new space was performed. MOPers moved from HIG and hoped for this new period to be a “rejuvenation” for MOP and its funding. Sherwood Maynard, MOP Director at the time, decided it was time to submit a budget proposal for a few new programs. The first was a budget to revive the Blue-Water Marine Lab (BML) under MOP. BML was a program aimed to direct Hawai‘i’s high school students towards more marine-related careers. Maynard wasn’t just thinking of high school students with this proposal though--he also hoped to restore MOP at Kaua‘i, Honolulu, and Leeward Community Colleges, while also maintaining funding to keep MOP at UH Mānoa, UH Hilo, Windward Community College and Maui Community College. MOP students, staff, alumni and fans were asked to testify at legislative hearings to support the proposal.n

DECEMBER 2018 |19

December Photo Credit: Lindsey Rohlf, UHH MOP Student.

Sun.

Next month: January

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January 9: New Student Orientation & Camera Care Workshop January 10: QUEST & MAST Information Meetings January 21 & 23: QUEST Fish ID Classes January 27: MOP Back to School BBQ January 28 & 30: QUEST Invert ID Classes

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MOP & Community Events

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6 Theater Thursday: Hanauma Bay 6:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m.

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MOP Graduation Dean Hall 104 5:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m.

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UHM Graduation Stan Sheriff Center 9:00 a.m. - 11:30 a.m.

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Theater Thursday: Hanauma Bay 6:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m.

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University of Hawai`i at MÄ noa Seawords, Marine Option Program College of Natural Sciences 2450 Campus Road, Dean Hall 105A Honolulu, HI 96822-2219 Address Service Requested

Thank you for reading!