TWIS - Vol 1: ISSUE 8

INSIDE

TWIS SCIENCE THIS WEEK IN

World’s Fastest Microscope Captures 1 Quintillionth of a Second

DIVE AND FIND

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Newly Found Proteins May Explain Alzheimer’s Devastating Effects

Placebos Can Reduce Anxiety, Even if People Know they’re Fake

US Man Dies from Uncommon Illness After Mosquito Bite

Scientists have Found Out Why Humans no Longer have Tails

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Unveil the Xbox Wireless Controller – Sky Cipher Special Edition

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Healthcare, Physics

US Man Dies from Uncommon Illness After Mosquito

Health authorities announced on Tuesday that a resident of New Hampshire, a northeastern US state, has died from the rare mosquito-borne eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus. The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) reported that an adult from Hampstead, who was hospitalized with severe central nervous system disease, has died from the rare eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus. The department noted that the last recorded human EEE infection in New Hampshire occurred in 2014, with three cases including two fatalities. This new infection and death come as state officials across New England express growing concern about the increasing risk of EEE, which is thought

to be worsened by climate change. Massachusetts Reports First EEE Case of the Year; Officials Implement Measures Earlier this month, Massachusetts reported its first human case of EEE for the year, involving an elderly man. In response, officials have urged voluntary outdoor curfews, closed public parks, and initiated both aerial and ground spraying to reduce the mosquito population.

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standing water around homes to reduce mosquito breeding sites. A 2023 report by Climate Central noted that “mosquito days“—warm, humid conditions ideal for mosquito activity—have increased across much of the US over the past 40 years due to climate change.

Even Mild Concussions can Cause Lasting Effects on the Brain and Behavior

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists symptoms of EEE as fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, behavioral changes, and drowsiness. It can also lead to serious neurological conditions, such as brain inflammation and inflammation of the membranes around the spinal cord, known as encephalitis and meningitis. High Mortality Rate and Long-Term Effects of EEE About 30% of those infected with the virus die, and many survivors experience long-term physical or mental effects. People under 15 and over 50 are at higher risk. Currently, there are no vaccines or treatments available for EEE. Health officials recommend using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing outdoors, and removing A concussion can cause long-term changes to brain structure and behavior. Credit: Pixabay

Image Credits: A new electron microscope can effectively freeze time, snapping images of events just 1 attosecond long Depositphotos

The subatomic world is challenging to visualize not only because of its minute scale but also due to its incredibly rapid dynamics. Physicists at the University of Arizona have now developed the world’s fastest electron microscope, capable of capturing events that last just one quintillionth of a second. The Challenge of Capturing Attosec-

ond Events While a high-speed camera with millisecond shutter speeds can capture a person running, the fastest electron microscopes can record events on the attosecond scale, which is one quintillionth of a second—making milliseconds seem like an eternity in comparison. To put it in perspective, one second contains as many attoseconds as there are seconds in 31.7 billion years, a timespan vastly exceeding the age of the universe. Breaking Records with Attosecond Precision Previous attempts reached down to 43 attoseconds, termed by researchers as “the shortest controlled event ever created by humankind.” The University of Arizona team has now achieved even greater precision, freezing time at just one attosecond. This advancement builds on earlier research by Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L’Huilliere, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2023 for creating the first measurable attosecond light pulses. The new study introduces an “attomicroscope,” which uses a pulse of ultraviolet light to release ultra-fast electrons into the microscope. These electrons are then exposed to a polarized laser pulse, split into two Page. 2

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Physics, Healthcare

beams and arriving at slightly different times. This process generates a “gated” electron pulse capable of imaging samples, such as graphene, at attosecond resolution. This breakthrough enables the observation of ultrafast electron movements that were previously invisible. The researchers suggest this advance could significantly impact quantum physics, chemistry, and biology. A Milestone in Temporal Resolution Mohammed Hassan, a study author, highlighted the long-standing goal of enhancing temporal resolution in electron microscopy. These movements occur in attoseconds, and for the first time, we are able to achieve attosecond temporal resolution with our electron transmission microscope, which we term ‘attomicroscopy.’ This allows us to visualize electron motion in unprecedented detail.

Newly Found Proteins May Explain Alzheimer’s Devastating Effects

Despite decades of research, pinpointing the exact cause of brain damage in Alzheimer’s disease has proven challenging. A team from Emory University in the US may have found a crucial piece of the puzzle. Reevaluating Amyloid Beta’s Role in Alzheimer’s Much research has investigated amyloid beta plaques in Alzheimer’s, but some now view them as a byproduct rather than a cause of brain damage. Lab studies suggest these plaques don’t directly harm brain cells, and treatments targeting them have fallen short, leaving key aspects of the disease unclear. The latest findings suggest other factors may be at play. Emory biochemists Yona Levites, Eric Dammer, and their team found that proteins accumulating with amyloid beta plaques might cause Alzheimer’s symptoms like confusion, communication issues, and memory loss. The researchers compared protein combinations in Alzheimer’s mouse models and human subjects—some with Alzheimer’s, others with plaques but no symptoms. They identified over 20 proteins that accumulated with amyloid beta in both. Many are signaling molecules that, when trapped in plaques, may trigger harmful brain processes. Emory biochemist Todd Golde sug-

Image Credits: Depositphotos

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gested that proteins beyond amyloid beta might drive Alzheimer’s brain damage. The team linked amyloid beta plaques to increased levels of midkine and pleiotrophin, which are associated with inflammation. These proteins could be targets for new therapies. Inflammatory Proteins in Alzheimer’s Brain Damage Amyloid beta’s role as a scaffold for other proteins might explain conflicting study results. The team observed that amyloid naturally supports other mechanisms. Initial lab tests revealed that midkine and pleiotrophin accelerated plaque formation. Levites and her team suggest that protein accumulation in plaques may be part of the brain’s response to amyloid beta, potentially helping to clear or neutralize the toxic amyloid structure. Protective or Harmful Response? This suggests other molecules may affect whether amyloid beta proteins cause neuronal damage. Researchers haven’t ruled out other theories, like Alzheimer’s as an autoimmune disease, and stress that more research is needed to understand Alzheimer’s complex brain changes.

Placebos Can Reduce Anxiety, Even if People Know they’re Fake

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A new study indicates that taking placebo pills, even when people know they have no active ingredients, can still greatly decrease stress, anxiety, and depression. These “non-deceptive placebos” could be an effective method for enhancing mental health. The human brain is a complex, intriguing, and powerful organ, especially when it comes to the placebo effect, where a person’s physical or mental health improves after receiving a “sham” treatment. MSU Researchers Find Placebo Pills Effectively Reduce Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Researchers at Michigan State University (MSU) have discovered that placebo pills can significantly reduce stress, anxiety, and depression in people experiencing long-term stress, Page. 3

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Healthcare

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even when they are aware that the pills have no medicinal value.

showing that non-deceptive placebos can reduce emotional stress.

“Long-term stress can hinder a person’s emotional regulation and lead to serious mental health issues, so we’re thrilled to find that a simple intervention can still provide substantial benefits,” said Jason Moser, a psychology professor at MSU and a co-author of the study. “This low-effort approach makes non-deceptive placebos an appealing option for those dealing with severe stress, anxiety, and depression.”

The placebo pills, blue-and-white capsules produced by Zeebo and purchased from Amazon, contained only microcrystalline cellulose, an inert substance. The control group, with 32 participants, did not take any pills and did not receive any educational sessions.

Study Challenges Belief That Placebos Only Work When Deceptive It’s commonly believed that placebos are effective only when the person taking them is unaware that they are placebos. To challenge this notion, the researchers in the current study chose to use non-deceptive placebos. They enlisted 18- to 30-year-olds from Michigan who were experiencing moderate, prolonged stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic and randomly assigned them to one of two groups. The non-deceptive placebo group, consisting of 29 participants, received placebo pills by mail and were instructed via Zoom to take them twice daily for two weeks. They also participated in four online sessions that provided education on placebo effects and information on studies

Non-Deceptive Placebos Show Faster Reduction in Stress and Anxiety Compared to Control The researchers measured COVID-related stress, overall stress, anxiety, and depression in all participants at the start, halfway through, and at the end of the study. They found that after two weeks, those in the non-deceptive placebo group experienced a faster reduction in COVID-related stress, overall stress, anxiety, and depression compared to the control group. The results were similar to those from a separate study that reported benefits after a three-month self-guided online cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program. Participants in the non-deceptive placebo group also had high expectations of positive effects and viewed the treatment as easy to use and suitable for the situation. The researchers concluded, “Overall, these findings suggest that non-deceptive placebos, even when deliv-

ered remotely online, can help people with moderate risk manage their psychological health during extended stressful periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.” Small Sample Size and Potential Influence of Education on Results The study’s limitations were also noted. The sample size was small and primarily consisted of young, white, female participants. Additionally, participants in the non-deceptive placebo group spent more time in the study due to the education they received about placebos, which could have influenced the results. However, the researchers also mentioned that using a different experimental method, where all participants were informed about placebo effects, could have biased the results since the control group would be aware they were in a control condition. Guevarra and Moser’s Ongoing Research Guevarra and Moser have been studying non-deceptive placebos for a while. Their 2020 study found that a saline nasal spray reduced emotional distress from negative images. The current study shows more practical results but doesn’t necessarily advance understanding of the placebo effect in the brain. In this study, participants in the

non-deceptive placebo group expected some benefit and no harm from the pills. While expecting harm could affect adherence, the researchers found no significant correlation between expectations of benefit and adherence to the treatment. “While expectations may influence outcomes, our data suggest that the effects of non-deceptive placebos on emotional results aren’t solely due to explicit expectations,” the researchers said. Expectations, or beliefs about future events, are often cited in placebo and nocebo effects. The nocebo effect happens when negative outcomes occur due to the belief that the treatment will cause harm. Case Study Highlights the Mind’s Influence An example is a 26-year-old man in an antidepressant trial who overdosed on 29 capsules but recovered quickly after discovering they were placebos. This case underscores the mind’s powerful influence on the body. Several theories explain the placebo effect beyond expectations. Skeptics argue that conditions like colds or flu would resolve on their own, while others suggest that chronic diseases have natural remission periods unrelated to the placebo. Alternatively, a placebo might increase self-care motivation or help Page. 4

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the brain recall a time before symptoms, promoting improvement. Neuroscientific evidence, however, points to brain systems and chemicals like dopamine playing a role. Although the precise mechanisms behind the placebo effect will likely be revealed soon, what matters now is that it works, regardless of the reason.

Scientists have Found Out Why Humans no Longer have Tails

Image Credits: iStock

About 25 million years ago, an evolutionary divergence happened between our ancestors—the early humans and apes—and monkeys, leading to the loss of tails in our lineage. The specific genetic mutation behind this change, however, has been unknown until recently. In a recent study published in Nature, scientists revealed a distinct DNA mutation connected to the loss of an-

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cestral tails. This mutation is found in the TBXT gene, which influences tail length in animals with tails. The path to this discovery began when Bo Xia, the study’s lead author and a graduate student at New York University—now a principal investigator at the Broad Institute—became interested in the evolutionary origins of the tailbone after injuring his own. Innovative Thinking in Evolutionary Research Itai Yanai, the scientific director of the Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories at NYU Langone Health and a senior author of the study, commended Xia’s fresh perspective, saying, “Bo is really a genius because he looked at something that thousands of people, at least, must have looked at before — but he saw something different.” Animal evolution over millions of years is driven by genetic changes, from minor tweaks to complex modifications. One such process involves Alu elements—repetitive DNA sequences unique to primates—that can cause variation by inserting themselves into the genome. In the latest research, scientists discovered two Alu elements within the TBXT gene that are unique to great apes and absent in monkeys. Uncovering the Hidden Role of Introns

These elements are located in introns, DNA segments adjacent to exons, which were once thought to be non-functional “dark matter.” However, when the TBXT gene generates RNA, the repetitive nature of the Alu sequences causes them to bind together, leading to the removal of an entire exon during RNA splicing. When these Alu elements were introduced into mice, the mice lost their tails, mimicking the evolutionary change seen in humans and apes. This finding supports the idea that tail loss was a key factor in the evolution of bipedalism in humans, a significant adaptation. Additionally, mice with shorter tails showed a higher incidence of spina bifida, a neural tube defect, highlighting potential unintended effects of TBXT deficiency.

A Cosmic Light Show is Expected Next Year as a Black Hole Devours a Star

Image Credits: SpaceX

Astronomers have observed a supermassive black hole consume a star in two phases and have predicted when it might take a third. If it happens, it could create a fascinating cosmic light show.

Yanai expressed amazement at the broad impact of their findings, stating, “We are now walking on two feet, we have developed large brains, and we use technology—all because of a selfish element inserting itself into a gene’s intron. It’s incredible to me.”

Black holes are known for their chaotic eating habits. When a star gets too close, the intense gravitational forces tear it apart and scatter its material, creating a bright flash of light detectable by telescopes. These occurrences are known as tidal disruption events (TDEs).

This groundbreaking discovery not only enhances our knowledge of evolutionary biology but also suggests new directions for genomic research, as alternative splicing mechanisms could be responsible for many evolutionary trait changes.

In 2018, a signal from a system located about 860 million light-years away was detected. For about 500 days, X-rays and ultraviolet light flared brightly before suddenly dimming.

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Artificial Intelligence

Further analysis using the NICER, Chandra, and XMM-Newton instruments showed that the brightening was due to a star being torn apart, and the fading likely marked the star’s final destruction as the black hole consumed the last of its material. This event, a classic tidal disruption event (TDE), was named AT2018fyk. Unexpected Second Encounter with the Black Hole Surprisingly, this wasn’t the end of the story. Nearly two years later, the X-ray and UV light flared up again. The black hole was taking another bite, indicating the star had survived the initial encounter and was only partially eaten. It appears the star was thrown into an elliptical orbit around the black hole, causing it to move far away and then swing back dangerously close. Astronomers calculated the star’s trajectory and predicted that the second phase of consumption would end in August 2023. “The clear sign that this cosmic meal was finishing would be a sudden drop in X-rays, and that’s exactly what we observed in our Chandra data on August 14, 2023,” said Dheeraj Pasham, the lead author of the study. “Our data show that in August last year, the black hole was essentially finishing its meal and moving on.” With this new data, the researchers estimated that the star’s eccentric orbit brings it

close to the black hole approximately every 1,300 days, or about three and a half years. Based on this, the team predicted when the next burst of light should occur. “We believe the black hole’s third encounter with the star, if any of it remains, will start between May and August 2025 and last for almost two years,” said Eric Coughlin, a co-author of the study. “This will likely be more of a snack than a full meal, as the second feeding was smaller than the first, and the star is being gradually consumed.” Astronomers will be closely monitoring AT2018fyk during this period to see if their prediction comes true.

Suspended Animation Drug Could Extend Time in Emergencies

Image Credits: Pixabay

In a medical emergency, timely treatment is essential. However, a

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commonly used drug could be repurposed to induce a hibernation-like state, slowing organ damage and extending the time available to get patients to a hospital, potentially saving lives. Medical professionals often emphasize the ‘Golden Hour‘ following a traumatic injury. Though it’s not literally one hour, the idea is that quicker medical intervention significantly improves a patient’s chances of survival. This poses a significant challenge for emergencies far from medical facilities. However, a new study from Harvard’s Wyss Institute proposes a method to extend the so-called Golden Hour by putting patients into “biostasis,” which slows down their metabolism and helps prevent permanent organ damage. Researchers Use NeMoCad Algorithm to Identify Torpor-Inducing Compounds, Highlight Donepezil as a Candidate The researchers employed an algorithm called NeMoCad to analyze compound structures and identify those that might induce a hibernation-like state known as torpor. The study highlighted donepezil (DNP), an FDA-approved Alzheimer’s treatment, as a potential candidate. “Interestingly, overdoses of DNP in Alzheimer’s patients have led to symptoms similar to torpor, such as

drowsiness and a slower heart rate,” said María Plaza Oliver, the study’s lead author. “This is the first study that aims to harness these effects as a primary clinical response, rather than as side effects.” Testing DNP’s Torpor-Inducing Effects The team tested DNP’s torpor-inducing potential on tadpoles, observing reduced oxygen consumption, heart rate, and swimming activity—three indicators of torpor. However, when administered as free particles, the drug caused toxicity by accumulating in various tissues. To address this, the researchers encapsulated DNP in lipid nanoparticles, which targeted the brain tissue, reduced toxicity, and still achieved the desired torpor-like state. Tadpole Tests Differ from Human Trials, Further Research Needed The findings are promising, though testing on tadpoles is quite different from testing on humans. More research is needed to understand exactly how DNP induces torpor, but the testing process might be more straightforward compared to many new drugs, as DNP has been used clinically in humans for nearly 30 years. “Donepezil has been used globally for decades, so its properties and proPage. 6

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duction methods are well-known,” said Donald Ingber, the senior author of the study. “The lipid nanocarriers we used are also approved for clinical use in other contexts. This study shows that an encapsulated version of the drug could potentially provide critical time for patients with severe injuries and illnesses, and it could be formulated and produced quickly compared to developing a new drug.”

Straight out of JLR’s Special Vehicles division is the new 626 horsepower Range Rover Sport SV. As a successor to 2015’s Range Rover Sport SVR, the new SV forgoes the old 5.0L supercharged V8 in favour of a BMW sourced 4.4L twin turbocharged V8 fitted with a 48V mild-hybrid system. Peak power is rated at 626 hp and torque top out at 553 lb-ft, which propels the SV from 0-62 mph in 3.8 seconds and onwards to a top speed of 180 mph.

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Additionally, other research has explored using ultrasound pulses to induce a torpor-like state in specific brain regions, with applications ranging from enhancing surgical outcomes to potentially aiding astronauts in long-duration space travel by inducing ‘hyper sleep‘.

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Meet Atlas Meet Atlas

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The world’s most dynamic humanoid robot, our fully electric Atlas robot is designed for real-world applications. The next generation of the Atlas program builds on decades of research and furthers our commitment to delivering the most capable, useful mobile robots. An advanced control system and state-of-the-art hardware give the robot the power and balance to demonstrate advanced athletics and agility. We use Atlas to explore the potential of the humanoid form factor, leveraging the robot’s whole body to move with grace, speed, and dexterity. Atlas demonstrates our efforts to develop the next generation of robots with the mobility, perception, and intelligence needed to be commonplace in our lives.

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Artificial Intelligence, Apps & Software, Medicine

A Simple Method Removes Over 98% of Nanoplastic Particles from Water

spiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, developmental, and reproductive issues, as well as cancers. Micro and nanoplastics are pervasive, but researchers from the University of Missouri have developed a relatively simple and safe method to remove over 98% of nanoplastic particles from water.

Innovative Solvent Technique for Nanoplastic Removal Researchers used non-toxic, hydrophobic natural ingredients to create a liquid solvent that floats on water like oil. When mixed with water and then Image Credits: Sam O’Keefe via University of Missouri allowed to separate again, this solvent Microplastics have been discovered in rises to the surface, bringing over 98% the Arctic sea and even trapped in the of nanoplastic contaminants with it. ice. The Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the ocean, is contaminated The solvent can then be easily with plastic debris, and Mount Everest skimmed off, along with the contamhas also been found to have microinants. Due to its hydrophobic propplastic pollution. erties, there’s minimal risk of leaving behind any eutectic solvent contamiOur drinking water and food, particnation. ularly processed items in single-use packaging, contain microplastics. “Our approach uses a small amount Recent research has detected microof specially designed solvent to plastics in human blood, lungs, liver, capture plastic particles from a large and kidneys, and even in the placenvolume of water,” explains Gary Baker, tas of unborn babies. an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry at Mizzou. New Findings on Microplastics and Human Health Risks “At present, the full capacity of these Studies on the harmful health effects solvents isn’t fully understood. In of microplastics in the human body future research, we plan to determine are only now emerging. Evidence is the solvent’s maximum capacity and beginning to link microplastics to reexplore ways to recycle it for reuse

multiple times if needed.” Existing Methods for Microplastic Removal from Drinking Water We currently have several methods to remove microplastics from drinking water, depending on their size. Basic activated carbon filters, such as those in Brita systems, aren’t specifically designed to remove microplastics but are relatively effective at filtering out particles larger than five microns. Multi-stage sediment filters with a one-micron pore size work well for this purpose. Reverse osmosis, which forces water through pores as small as one ten-thousandth of a micron, is among the best techniques for eliminating all types of contaminants from water, although these systems can get clogged and require regular maintenance. Distillation is nearly 100% effective at removing microplastics, but it also removes beneficial minerals that our bodies need. This new method provides another tool for removing microplastics and is effective in both fresh and seawater.

Decanoic Acid and Tetraalkylammonium Bromide ([N4444]Br). This diagram shows how the solution mixes with water before floating back to the top carrying up all the nanoplastics with it Sam O’Keefe via University of Missouri

Gary Baker, an associate professor in the University of Missouris Department of Chemistry, looking at a new method of removing nanoplastics from contaminated water Sam O’Keefe via University of Missouri

The F-35 is a stealthy, supersonic, multirole fighter designed to meet the requirements of the U.S. and allied defense forces worldwide for an affordable next generation fighter.

CLIMATE & ENVIRONMENT

Turning the tide and tackling climate change to save Australia’s Great Barrier Reef

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Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, renowned for its vibrant marine life, is severely threatened by climate change. Rising ocean temperatures have caused mass coral bleaching, devastating large portions of the reef. The Australian Marine Conservation Society (AMCS) is leading efforts to protect this vital ecosystem, advocating for robust climate policies and implementing on-the-ground interventions. https://bit.ly/4e01yDD

Revising the cost of climate change: Study yields projections ‘six times larger than previous estimates’

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Ecosystems study finds the higher the environmental stress, the lower Climate scientists warn of severe the resistance to global consequences if global tempechange ratures rise, while macroeconomists have typically predicted milder impacts. However, a new study by economists Adrien Bilal and Diego R. Känzig suggests that every additional 1°C increase in global temperature could cause a 12% drop in global GDP, with losses peaking six years later. Their research also reveals that decarbonization efforts, particularly in large economies, could be justified by the high social cost of carbon, which they estimate at $1,056 per ton globally, far exceeding previous estimates.

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An international study led by IRNAS-CSIC reveals that as global change factors multiply, terrestrial ecosystems become increasingly sensitive to their impacts, weakening their resistance to environmental stressors over time. The research, published in *Nature Geoscience*, underscores how prolonged exposure to multiple global change drivers, such as increased CO2 and warming, diminishes ecosystems’ capacity to maintain essential services like primary productivity. The study highlights the crucial need to reduce global change drivers associated with human activity to sustain ecosystems. https://bit.ly/4e4CefP

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Will we be ready? Geoengineering policy lags far behind pace of climate change Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel *The Ministry for the Future* imagines a climate catastrophe that forces desperate geoengineering measures, a scenario increasingly discussed in real-world policy circles. As global temperatures rise, radical strategies like solar radiation modification (SRM) are being considered, but the risks and effectiveness of such technologies remain uncertain. https://bit.ly/4e2DM9U

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China’s Views on AI Safety Are Changing—Quickly

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

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China’s approach to AI safety has evolved rapidly over the past two years, with growing recognition of its importance among top scientists and policymakers. A significant policy document released by the Chinese Communist Party in July 2024 called for oversight systems to ensure AI safety, signaling official concern. https://bit.ly/4g1jCPA Image Credits: Freepik Image Credits: Cryptopolitan via Microsoft

AI and employment: Tong Tong: A Breakthrou- Echoes of the past or a gh in Artificial Intelligen- new paradigm? ce Unveiled by BIGAI

The risk of letting junior professionals teach AI to senior colleagues Generative AI’s accessibility makes it vital for businesses but poses challenges when relying on juniors to upskill seniors. A study found that juniors often recommend “novice AI risk mitigation tactics,” which lack a deep understanding of the technology.

BIGAI has introduced Tong Tong, an AI model designed to revolutionize human interaction with artificial intelligence. Reflecting toddler-like behaviors, Tong learns autonomously and engages emotionally, recognizing and responding to human emotions and fostering deeper connections. Director Zhu Songchun emphasized the push towards general artificial intelligence, where AI like Tong Tong can understand the real world and operate independently. This milestone raises important discussions on integrating advanced AI into society, balancing potential benefits with ethical considerations.

AI’s impact on jobs may be more disruptive than past technological revolutions due to its ability to outsource cognitive tasks. While it may create new roles, concerns are growing about job displacement, with 74% of IT professionals fearing their skills may become obsolete. The future of work could involve both augmentation and replacement, leading to changes in various industries and potential job losses. New roles like AI managers will emerge, but the net impact on jobs remains uncertain. Historical parallels offer limited guidance, as AI represents an unprecedented shift in how work is performed.

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ENTERTAINMENT

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Toyotaro talks about the long-awaited return of ‘Dragon Ball Super’ and promises more battles Toyotaro has confirmed the return of ‘Dragon Ball Super,’ promising more intense battles to delight fans. The series has been on hiatus since the death of its creator, Akira Toriyama, in March, which impacted the entire ‘Dragon Ball’ universe. Although ‘Dragon Ball Super’ has yet to resume its regular publication, 2024 will bring new developments, including the debut of ‘Dragon Ball Daima.’ Toyotaro, trusted by Toriyama himself, continues to uphold the legacy with his authentic portrayal of the beloved series.

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Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver Graphic Novel Kickstarter Smashes Through $1M Milestone The Legacy of Kain franchise is returning with a prequel graphic novel, Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver - The Dead Shall Rise, which has surpassed $1m in Kickstarter funding. The novel explores Raziel’s origins, his joining the Sarafan, and the emergence of his wings, while revisiting iconic characters and introducing new ones like Elaleth. Available in three editions, the graphic novel has fans excited for a potential series remaster, especially with the upcoming re-release of Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain and Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver on the Evercade retro handheld console. Crystal Dynamics’ 2022 survey indicated strong interest in a series comeback.

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Kickstarter for Pär’s Lord Of Metal videogame launches! Kickstarter for Pär’s Lord Of Metal videogame is live! Now, you can actively join this adventure by reserving your copy and grabbing exclusive gifts. Lord of Metal is a single-player, story-driven simulator where you manage music festivals, starting small and aiming big in a dystopian world https://bit.ly/3AU2V8r

Epic Games Store free games: What’s free this week?

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Heritage Auctions’ Signature Auction on September 12-15, 2024, will feature a CGC 9.6 Fantastic Four #1 and a CGC VF/NM 9.0 Amazing Fantasy #15. These high-grade, pedigreed comics are among the most valuable ever auctioned, with Fantastic Four #1 holding Heritage’s highest grade ever sold. The auction also includes John Buscema’s original cover art for Wolverine #1, which has already reached $90,000 in bids. This event is key to gauging the market for rare and high-end comics. https://bit.ly/3Z4DjA4

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COMING UP NEXT

25 Years of Science with Chandra

TERM OF THE WEEK Buckyballs Also known as buckminsterfullerenes, are a type of molecule made entirely of carbon atoms. They have a spherical shape resembling a soccer ball, consisting of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a pattern of hexagons and pentagons, similar to the geometry of a geodesic dome. This structure is part of a broader class of carbon allotropes known as fullerenes. Buckyballs were discovered in 1985 and are named after the architect Buckminster Fuller, who popularized the geodesic dome. These molecules have unique properties, including high resilience and the ability to conduct electricity. They have potential applications in nanotechnology, materials science, and medicine.

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Solution to the previous brainteaser: Think about the numbers on a clock. When it is 11 a.m., adding six hours

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Astronomy, Climatology

DNA-Shedder Status May Impact Crime Scene Investigations

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If you’ve ever watched CSI, you know that suspects often leave incriminating DNA traces at crime scenes. However, a recent study suggests that the amount of this genetic material could also indicate a person’s guilt or innocence. The Role of Touch DNA in Crime Scenes Although we usually think of crime-scene DNA as coming from bodily fluids like blood and saliva, a large portion actually consists of shed skin cells that transfer to objects a person touches. We refer to this material as “touch DNA.” You might assume that a higher amount of touch DNA at a crime scene indicates a greater likelihood of the person’s involvement in the crime. However, research from Flinders University in Australia shows that this is not necessarily the case.

Led by Prof. Adrian Linacre, forensic scientists had 100 volunteers of various ages and genders press both thumbs onto glass slides at timed intervals (up to three hours) after initially washing their hands. Collecting and Analyzing Skin Cell Samples As each person pressed their thumbs onto the glass, they left some skin cells behind. Researchers took three samples from each thumb at each interval, and each volunteer performed the test once a day for three consecutive days. By applying dye to the samples, the researchers counted the number of cells each person left on the slide during each test. They found that 98 out of 100 participants consistently left roughly the same number of cells on the glass at each interval and each day. Classification of Volunteers into Cell-Shedding Categories The scientists classified the volunteers into five categories of cell-shedding: light, intermediate-light, intermediate, heavy-intermediate, and heavy. This finer categorization is more detailed than a 2022 study with just 11 subjects, who were classified into low, intermediate, and high cell-shedding categories. With these findings, defense attorneys might argue that the high

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amount of their client’s DNA at a crime scene is due to the client being a heavy shedder. They might also argue that the client couldn’t have been at the crime scene for the time stated by the prosecution, as more or less DNA would have been left behind. Additionally, if the DNA match is uncertain, the quantity could either strengthen or weaken its connection to the individual.

Physicists have achieved a significant milestone by producing the heaviest antimatter clumps ever recorded. These clumps, known as antihyperhydrogen-4, could provide insights into some of physics’ most complex questions.

Understanding Antimatter Antimatter consists of particles with the same mass as regular matter but with opposite charges. While this might sound mundane, the interacDepending on what type of ‘shedder’ tion between matter and antimaa person is, confirming their shedding tter—leading to annihilation and a status can help investigators undersrelease of energy—holds the potential tand how likely it is that an indivifor revolutionary applications, from dual’s DNA will transfer to an item highly efficient spacecraft propulsion through hand contact, says Linacre. to powerful weapons. “This information can be used in a likelihood ratio to assess the probaAdvancements in Antimatter Nuclei bility of finding a person’s DNA on an Every particle has a corresponding item.” antiparticle, which theoretically should combine to form larger antiatoms. Heaviest Clumps of AntimaWhile antihydrogen and antihelium tter Ever Created in Particle have been produced, the concept Collider extends to a complete anti-periodic table. Recently, scientists have synthesized the most massive antimatter nucleus to date: antihyperhydrogen-4. This nucleus includes an antiproton, two antineutrons, and an antihyperon. Hyperons are less common than protons and neutrons but are essentially heavier versions of neutrons. Image Credits: Institute of Modern Physics, China

Creation and Detection Challenges These antinuclei were created at the Page. 19

This Week in Science

Climatology, Quantum Physics

Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), which simulates early universe conditions by colliding heavy elements and generating a variety of particles, including antimatter. Although only 16 antihyperhydrogen-4 nuclei were detected among billions of particles, their creation represents a rare event.

on comparing the masses of these particles and their antiparticles.

DNA Computer Solves Sudoku and Stores Millions of Gigabytes for Millennia

Lijuan Ruan, a co-spokesperson for the project, noted that detecting these nuclei is challenging due to their extremely brief existence—about one-tenth of a nanosecond. Instead, researchers track the decay particles to reconstruct the formation of these antinuclei. Implications and Future Research The team found that the lifetime of antihyperhydrogen-4 matches that of hyperhydrogen-4, as expected. This consistency suggests that matter and antimatter of the same elements should only differ in charge, though potential differences could indicate phenomena beyond the Standard Model. Studying antimatter could help resolve one of the fundamental mysteries of physics: why the universe is dominated by matter. Theoretical models predict equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have been created in the Big Bang, but the observed universe is predominantly matter. Investigating potential discrepancies between matter and antimatter may reveal why. Future research will focus

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Overcoming Challenges in DNA Data Storage However, using DNA for data storage comes with its challenges. DNA is fragile, making it difficult to reliably write, read, move, and process information. The new study, however, introduces a system designed to overcome these issues. The solution lies in a soft polymer material that acts as a scaffold for the DNA. This material can be dehydrated for long-term storage and rehydrated when the data needs to be retrieved.

Image Credits: Pixabay

A fully functional DNA computer is now closer to reality, thanks to a new technology capable of storing petabytes of data in DNA for thousands to millions of years. This system can also process information, as shown by its ability to solve sudoku puzzles. Your little finger has more data storage capacity than the most advanced electronic hard drive—and that’s not an exaggeration. Each cell in your body can store around 800 MB of data, and since you are composed of trillions of cells, every human is essentially a highly dense data center. Given this impressive natural storage capability, it’s no wonder that scientists are eager to harness it.

“We’ve specifically created polymer structures known as dendricolloids,” explained Orlin Velev, co-corresponding author of the study. “These structures start at the microscale and branch out hierarchically to form a network of nanoscale fibers. This design results in a high surface area, enabling us to deposit DNA among the nanofibrils without reducing the data density, which is a key advantage of DNA for data storage.” Storing Data at High Density This method enables data to be stored at an incredibly high density—10 petabytes per cubic centimeter, equivalent to 10 million gigabytes in a space the size of a sugar cube. The dendricolloid structure holds files more securely than bare DNA and can withstand over 170 dehydration/ rehydration cycles, compared to 60 cycles for bare DNA.

Like other DNA-based data storage methods, this approach is ideal for long-term archival storage. The researchers estimate that DNA stored on their polymer nanofibrils would have a half-life of around 6,000 years at refrigerator temperatures (4 °C or 39 °F) and an astonishing 2 million years if frozen at -18 °C (0.4 °F). Efficient Data Storage and Retrieval in DNA To store data on DNA, algorithms first translate it into sequences of nucleic acids—the familiar ACGT letters of DNA code. Specific data can be retrieved using RNA molecules that copy the information from the DNA, followed by sequencing the RNA. This process allows data to be read without destroying the DNA, unlike some current DNA data storage techniques. The new system also enables computations to be performed directly on the DNA using enzymes. This capability was demonstrated by solving simplified 3 x 3 chess and sudoku problems within the DNA. “The ability to separate DNA information from the nanofibers it’s stored on lets us perform many of the same functions as electronic devices,” explained Kevin Lin, the study’s first author. “We can copy DNA data directly from Page. 20

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the material’s surface without damaging it. Additionally, we can erase specific DNA sequences and rewrite new data on the same surface, similar to deleting and rewriting information on a hard drive. This allows us to carry out a full range of DNA data storage and computing tasks.”

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CARS & GADGETS

NESLIN Coffee Thermos: The Ultimate Smart Beverage Bottle

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The NESLIN Coffee Thermos is a smart thermos made from 304 stainless steel, offering superior resistance to corrosion and metallic taste. Its design includes an LED touchscreen to display the temperature of the liquid, and the double-walled structure with copper coating keeps drinks hot for up to 12 hours and cold for up to 24 hours.

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Yanfeng Unveils Electric Vehicle Interior (EVI) for Autonomous Driving Yanfeng, a Chinese automotive supplier, has introduced its Electric Vehicle Interior (EVI) concept, which is designed for autonomous driving. The EVI features a steer-by-wire system, allowing the steering wheel to be repositioned or retracted during autonomous mode, freeing up cabin space. The “Smart Cabin Seat” module integrates front seats with a central console, providing a spacious, innovative layout praised in early consumer studies. The design also emphasizes sustainability, reducing vehicle weight and using natural fibers in its construction. Yanfeng’s EVI concept showcases the future of automotive interiors, particularly in tech-driven markets like China. https://bit.ly/4g4LNgj

iPhone 15 Pro Max Magnetic Fast Wireless Charger: The Ultimate 3-in-1 Foldable Charging Station for Travel The iPhone 15 Pro Max Magnetic Fast Wireless Charger is a foldable 3-in-1 charging station designed to quickly charge iPhones, Apple Watches and AirPods simultaneously. Equipped with a 20W adapter, it offers fast charging with a compact, magnetic design that makes it easy to align and portable. As well as being safe, with protections against overcharging and overheating, the package includes all the accessories needed for an efficient and reliable charging experience anywhere.

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Meet the Karma Ivara GT-UV: A Luxury SUV with Off-Road Potential Karma Automotive has unveiled the Ivara GT-UV concept, its first luxury SUV with off-road potential, available in hybrid or all-electric versions. With a modern design called Comet Line, the vehicle features smooth lines, complex shapes, and blue details that suggest an electric powertrain. https://bit.ly/3X7p22D

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Is Mathematics a Human Invention or a Discovery of the Universe?

MATHEMATICS

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Vigyan Yuva Awardee Mahesh Ramesh Kakde: Studying Equations, Not Physicists Accidentally Stumble on a New Way to Solving Them Write Pi Image Credits: Twistedsifter

A team of physicists from the Indian Institute of Science, while researching high-energy physics in quantum theory, accidentally discovered a new and efficient formula for expressing the number Pi. This formula, related to Gregory’s series, allows Pi to be calculated with high precision using significantly fewer terms than traditional series, such as Madhava’s. The discovery, which went unnoticed by mathematicians and scientists for centuries, was only possible due to tools recently developed by researchers. https://bit.ly/3AF7sf0

Mahesh Ramesh Kakde, a number theorist from the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, recently received the Vigyan Yuva Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award for Mathematics. His research focuses on studying the relationships between various mathematical objects attached to polynomial equations, rather than finding solutions to the equations themselves. By examining how these objects, such as L-functions, class groups, and Selmer groups, interact, Kakde has made significant contributions to algebraic number theory, confirming important conjectures in the field. https://bit.ly/3X2EFbF

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Robert Macklin explores whether mathematics is a human invention or a discovery of inherent truths in the universe. Reflecting on his granddaughter Aria’s impressive math achievements and various viewpoints, Macklin highlights the debate between those who see mathematics as a human construct helpful in describing reality and those who view it as an intrinsic part of the universe that exists independently of human thought. https://bit.ly/3ASg6GX

Mathematicians Debunk GPS Assumptions to Offer Improvements Researchers from TU Eindhoven and the Technical University of Munich, led by Mireille Boutin and Gregor Kemper, have used maths to improve the accuracy of GPS systems. They questioned the assumption that four satellites are enough for precise localisation, demonstrating that the geometric arrangement of the satellites can lead to non-unique solutions, resulting in localisation errors. Image Credits: Advances in Applied Mathematics

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QUANTUM REALM

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Physicists Predict the Existence of a New Type of Exciton: The Topological Exciton

Physicists Bruno Uchoa and Hong-yi Xie have predicted the existence of a new type of exciton, termed a “topological exciton,” in their recent research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. This prediction arises from their study of Chern insulators, materials that support unique edge currents without internal conductivity. Topological excitons, formed when light excites electrons in these materials, inherit the topological properties of their host, potentially leading to new optical and quantum devices. https://bit.ly/473d1jk

Code-Breaking Quantum Computers Take a Big Step Closer to Become a Reality

Unconventional Interface Superconductor Could Benefit Quantum Computing

Recent advancements in quantum computing suggest we may be on the brink of a breakthrough that could challenge current encryption methods like RSA. Researchers at MIT have developed a hybrid quantum factoring algorithm that combines the speed of a recent theoretical improvement with the memory efficiency of earlier methods, potentially making quantum factoring more practical.

Physicist Peng Wei and his team at the University of California, Riverside, have developed a groundbreaking superconductor material by combining trigonal tellurium with a surface state superconductor on gold. This new “topological superconductor” exhibits enhanced spin energy and robust performance under magnetic fields, showing potential for quantum computing applications.

This advancement addresses key challenges such as reducing the number of qubits and managing quantum noise, which are crucial for the viability of quantum computers in breaking cryptographic codes. While significant progress has been made, the practical implementation of these algorithms and their impact on digital security remain to be fully realized.

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Computer Scientists Prove That Heat Destroys Quantum Entanglement Recent computer science research has provided definitive mathematical proof that heat completely destroys quantum entanglement above a specific temperature. This finding, previously suggested by indirect evidence, reveals that entanglement does not merely diminish but vanishes entirely when a certain temperature threshold is surpassed.

Image Credits: Kristina Armitage_Quanta Magazine

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BIOTECH & GENETIC

How Alzheimer’s and Heart Discovery Provides Disease Share Common GeAnswers for Parents of Children with Rare Disea- netic Origins, Study Finds se Research published in the Interna-

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tional Journal of Molecular Sciences reveals that heart disease and Alzheimer’s share common genetic origins, with individuals with heart problems having a 26 percent higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

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Scientists Say People with Specific Health Condition May Have ‘Genetic Protection’ Against Alzheimer’s

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Mitochondria Flipping DNA into Our Brain Cells: A Study Reveals Accelerated Aging Links Recent research led by Martin Picard and Ryan Mills has revealed that mitochondria, the cell’s energy-producing organelles, frequently transfer their DNA into the nucleus of our cells. This process, known as nuclear-mitochondrial DNA transfer (NUMTs), blurs the distinction between mitochondrial and nuclear genetic material. The study finds that these mitochondrial DNA insertions are linked to early mortality and are particularly prevalent in the brain, suggesting a role in cognitive decline and neurological health. Stress has been shown to accelerate this process, further implicating mitochondrial DNA in aging. https://bit.ly/47e2z8T

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The recent discovery in the study conducted by The Neuro revealed that mutations in the DENND5A gene are responsible for a rare neurological condition, providing valuable answers for affected families. The research, which included samples from Kelly Cervantes’ daughter Adelaide, identified that these mutations cause dysfunction in the division of brain cells during development, resulting in a brain with fewer stem cells. This discovery allows genetic testing for affected families, helping with family planning decisions and offering hope for future treatment possibilities with the evolution of gene editing technology. https://bit.ly/4755ocq

Recent research has uncovered a potential genetic advantage for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Alzheimer’s disease. A study by the Washington University School of Medicine found that people with MS are significantly less likely to exhibit molecular markers of Alzheimer’s, even when they have a family history of the disease. Image Credits: Centre for Genomic Regulation

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Myth or real

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Yoga for Ageing Gracefully: Unlock Mental Acuity and Emotional Wellness in Seniors

WELLNESS Prioritize Holistic Health in the Workplace to Unlock Growth

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Reasons Thailand Is a Hotspot for Wellness Tourism Images Credits: Freepki

Prioritizing holistic health in the workplace—addressing physical, mental, and spiritual well-being—can significantly impact organizational success. Research indicates that employee disengagement and burnout, prevalent in high-pressure environments, could cost median-sized S&P companies between $228 million and $355 million annually due to lost productivity. Implementing a holistic approach that integrates well-being programs, supports a positive workplace culture, and adapts to employee needs can enhance job performance, foster innovation, and drive growth, making it a crucial strategy for sustainable organizational success.

Thailand has become a leading global wellness destination, offering a unique combination of advanced aesthetic clinics, rich wellness traditions, and a thriving tea production industry. With its stunning natural landscapes, from serene beaches to lush jungles, and healthful cuisine known for its bold flavors and nutritional benefits, Thailand provides a holistic experience that rejuvenates the mind, body, and soul.

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Yoga stands out as a powerful tool for supporting older people’s mental and emotional health, providing significant benefits as we age. Through physical postures, meditation, and breathing exercises, yoga can improve cognitive function, increasing the volume of grey matter in regions of the brain associated with memory and concentration, promoting better blood circulation, and creating new neural connections. https://bit.ly/3Z5MwYK

Reiki: The Ancient Art of Waving Away Your Worries Reiki is a Japanese spiritual practice that channels universal energy to promote physical and emotional well-being. Shadin Haque, a dedicated practitioner, describes how Reiki harmonizes body, mind, and spirit, focusing on 24 energy points in the body to release blockages and restore balance.

This makes it an ideal destination for those seeking to enhance their overall well-being through cutting-edge treatments, traditional healing practices, or simply a peaceful retreat.

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NUTRITION

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Eat Your Way to Quality Sleep With These 7 Expert-Approved Foods Quality sleep is essential for mental and physical health, and diet plays a crucial role. Incorporating nutrient-rich foods such as whole grains, proteins, leafy vegetables, fruit, dairy products, and nuts can significantly improve sleep by promoting the production of relaxing substances such as serotonin and melatonin.

Almond Butter vs. Peanut Butter: Which Is Healthier?

Why One Dietitian is Speaking Up for “Ultra-Processed” Foods

Almond and peanut butter are nutritious, offering similar benefits like protein and heart-healthy fats. However, almond butter has a slight edge with more monounsaturated fats, fiber, and vitamin E, making it potentially healthier.

Jessica Wilson, a registered dietitian, challenges the widespread criticism of ultra-processed foods by conducting her experiment, where she consumed 80% of her daily calories from such foods for a month and experienced positive effects like increased energy and reduced anxiety.

While almond butter may be a better choice for those seeking to lower LDL cholesterol and improve heart health, it is often more expensive. Peanut butter remains a good, budget-friendly option, mainly if you prefer its taste. Ultimately, both can be part of a balanced diet, depending on individual https://bit.ly/47dTNYE Image Credits: everydayhealth

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This raises questions about whether all ultra-processed foods deserve their negative reputation, especially as research suggests that not all are equally harmful. https://bit.ly/3XoSbbd

“Mukbang Popularity Sparks Dietitian Concerns” Mukbang videos, where creators eat large quantities of food on camera, have become a viral sensation, with some videos garnering millions of views. While originally rooted in Korean culture, these videos have gained popularity worldwide, especially on YouTube and TikTok. Image Credits: Freepik

Along with maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding heavy meals before bedtime is essential to allow for good digestion. In this way, mindful eating can help you achieve a more restful and healthy sleep.

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Maximizing Your Back Workouts: The Right Moves for Ultimate Gains

FITNESS

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“Study: ‘Rolling Stop’ Laws for Bicyclists Are Safe”

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Tips to Make Exercise a Habit To form a new exercise habit, it’s important to set realistic expectations. Research shows that while simpler habits can form within weeks, establishing a regular gym routine often takes six months or more. To build a consistent exercise habit, start with small, realistic goals and gradually increase them. Incorporate enjoyable activities, prioritize physical activity, and use social support and goal tracking to stay motivated.

A new study shows that “rolling stop” laws, allowing cyclists to treat stop signs as yield signs, are safe when both cyclists and drivers are informed about the law. Researchers found that cyclists preferred to yield and moved through intersections faster, while drivers approached with caution. The study suggests more education on these laws could support future legislative policies, particularly in the Pacific Northwest, where cycling is common. Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and five other states have adopted these laws to reduce congestion and crash risks at intersections.

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To effectively build your back, focus on exercises that offer a full range of motion, deep contractions, and proper loading. While deadlifts are great for overall strength, they aren’t ideal for targeting lats. Instead, opt for movements like the elevated plank row and the classic dumbbell row, which provide better muscle engagement and growth. https://bit.ly/3z16tVQ

Short-duration, light-intensity exercises boost cerebral blood flow in children.

A study from Waseda University found that short-duration, low-intensity exercises, except static stretching, significantly increased oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of children, enhancing cerebral blood flow. These results suggest that incorporating simple exercises could support children’s cognitive and physical health. The research highlights a potential solution to global concerns over children’s sedentary behavior, with 81% not engaging in enough physical activity.

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WOMEN HEALTH

Started Strength Training at 58, Now Leg Pressing 170 Pounds

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“Premature Menopause May Negate Women’s Longevity Advantage” Women with premature menopause, whether natural or surgical, had a lower all-cause mortality risk compared to men, though their lifespan advantage over men was negligible. Onset before age 40 negates the usual longevity benefit, particularly for those undergoing hormone therapy. Xing’s study found no significant lifespan difference between women using hormone therapy and men, but women who did not use hormone therapy had a longer lifespan. Further research is needed to explore the impact of hormone therapy and nonhormonal treatments on lifespan for women with pre-

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“Study Uncovers Rare Genotype Impacting Women’s Health” Scientists at deCODE genetics identified a sequence variant in the CCDC201 gene that, when inherited from both parents, causes menopause nine years earlier. Published in *Nature Genetics*, this study reveals a rare genotype with a significant impact on women’s health, especially in those of Northern European descent. Women with two copies of this variant experience early menopause, leading to primary ovarian insufficiency. This research emphasizes the importance of considering different genetic models and suggests potential benefits from genetic counseling for early diagnosis and informed reproductive choices.

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After two toxic marriages and a battle with an eating disorder, I embarked on a fitness journey at age 58, guided by my son, Ryan. Through consistent workouts and proper nutrition, I transformed my body and mindset, discovering newfound strength and confidence. Joining a gym at 62, I channeled past trauma into strength training, and today, at 66, I’m proud to be the oldest sponsored athlete in the country. https://bit.ly/3MoGUBg

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Challenges and Risks for Women Using Anabolic Steroids

A study in *Drug and Alcohol Review* reveals the challenges faced by women using anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), despite their illegality in Australia. Dr. Tim Piatkowski highlights the growing trend among women to use AAS for sports and fitness, risking unknown health dangers due to unregulated markets. The research emphasizes the urgent need for drug-checking services and better education, or “steroid literacy,” to help women make informed decisions. https://bit.ly/479z8Vw Credits: Christine Giordano _ Marlene

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MEN HEALTH

What Makes Color Blindness More Frequent in Males?

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Color blindness, especially red-green deficiency, is more common in males due to the X chromosome inheritance. Males inherit one X chromosome from their mother, which can carry gene variants causing color blindness. Females need both X chromosomes to carry these variants to be affected. Color blindness includes types like red-green, blue-yellow, and complete, with red-green being the most common.

Why Do Men Have Fewer Friendships? Men often have fewer deep friendships than women, which can negatively impact mental health. Strong friendships provide vital support, motivation, and a sense of connection. Building these relationships requires vulnerability and time, areas where men may struggle due to societal norms and life challenges. Maintaining friendships outside of romantic relationships is crucial to avoid codependency. Genuine friendships allow men to be their true selves, free from societal expectations. It’s important to cultivate these connections for better mental and emotional well-being.

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Hidden Men’s Health Warnings Linked to Heart Problems

“Male Fertility, Mental Health, and Sexual Function Interplay”

Adelaide researchers urge GPs to proactively address erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), linked to cardiometabolic disorders. A study by Professor Gary Wittert and Dr. Sam Tafari highlights the need for early screening, as conditions like ED and nocturia can indicate heart problems.

A comment piece in *Nature Reviews Urology* by Vincent Straub and Professor Melinda Mills from the Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science urges a deeper look into how mental health and lifestyle impact male fertility and sexual function. The authors call for integrating male reproductive health into health policies and research, emphasizing a unified approach to understanding these complex interactions.

Researchers emphasize the importance of men understanding these symptoms’ significance and seeking help. They are developing a checklist to prompt timely health checks, aiming to improve quality of life and reduce health risks.

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GERONTOLOGY & “How I’ve Spent 30 Years ResearLIFE EXTENSION ching and Reversing Death” Leading researcher Sam Parnia claims that reversing death is possible, a concept he explores in his new book, *Lucid Dying*. He argues that our current understanding of death is fundamentally flawed and views it as a reversible state rather than an end. Images Credits: File Photo, Screengrab

Chinese Researchers Uncover New Gene Involved in Lifespan Regulation Chinese scientists have identified the gene OSER1, which regulates lifespan. The discovery, detailed in “Nature Communications,” shows that OSER1 impacts lifespan in species like silkworms and fruit flies and is a target of the longevity gene FOXO. Experiments revealed that manipulating OSER1 expression can significantly alter lifespan, with reduced OSER1 expression notably shortening lifespan. Human studies also indicate that OSER1 variations are linked to longevity, highlighting its potential in aging research.

Parnia’s extensive research suggests that techniques to revive the dead are closer to reality than we might think. He cites advancements in science and medicine, including resuscitation techniques and organ preservation, as evidence that death could soon be more reversible than previously imagined.

“Telomere Length Tied to Rare Variants, Hematopoiesis Genes”

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A new study on telomere length genetics has uncovered rare variants linked to clonal hematopoiesis, highlighting their connection to age-related diseases. Researchers developed a more accurate method for estimating telomere length by combining in silico analyses with qPCR measurements using data from 490,397 UK Biobank participants. https://bit.ly/3AL312m

The Secrets of Ourense: Spain’s Centenarian Hub

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A study by the Galician Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology and the LONXENV Research Group at the University of Vigo shows Galicia has the highest concentration of centenarians in Spain, with some interior regions having rates comparable to or exceeding those in blue zones.

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PSYCHOLOGY

Study to Explore the Psychology Behind Speeding UniSC researcher Dr. Verity Truelove received a $420,563 DECRA fellowship to explore the psychology of speeding and improve enforcement methods. The three-year project will analyze mental shortcuts influencing speed choices and assess how different enforcement strategies affect driving behavior.

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“Children Contribute to Group Goals When Targets Are Clear” The study involved 240 children from Germany and India, who played a game with containers of water. They could contribute some of their water to a common pool, which, if it reached a certain threshold, provided benefits to the group. Participants either saw their own outcomes or those of everyone in the group. Findings show that most groups cooperated effectively, even with visibility of others’ outcomes. However, seeing everyone’s outcomes made it harder to consistently meet the target. The study highlights the importance of clear goals in fostering cooperation, even among young children. https://bit.ly/3AHUayv

The goal is to reduce road trauma by optimizing police and camera use in various areas. Findings will help develop a framework for effective speed enforcement, addressing cognitive biases and tailoring approaches to specific road characteristics. https://bit.ly/3XnV0ci Images Credits: Freepik

“How Psychological Safety Drives Team Success”

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Fostering psychological safety is crucial for team success. Employees who feel secure to share their ideas are more engaged and productive. This safety leads to innovation and effective problem-solving by promoting open dialogue and diverse perspectives. Kanika Agarwal of MindPeers highlighted that psychological safety has shifted from being a mere “enabler” to a key aspect of organizational culture. https://bit.ly/3Mt6Rjk

“Understanding Habits: Researchers Challenge Common Misconceptions” Researchers from the University of Surrey challenge pop psychology myths, emphasizing that habits are mental links between cues and responses rather than infallible behaviors. Dr. Benjamin Gardner explains that while habitual impulses often guide actions, competing impulses can override them, and habit formation does not guarantee long-term success. Image Credits: scitechdaily

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COMING UP NEXT New Perspectives in Many-body Physics with Quantum Optical Systems New experimental platforms for exploring quantum interactions between atoms and light are emerging, including dense atomic media, nanophotonics, and quantum circuits. These platforms introduce new complexities, such as engineered light dispersion and non-perturbative light scattering. A conference will bring together researchers to discuss advancements, challenges, and future opportunities in many-body quantum optical systems, encouraging collaboration across related fields like Rydberg atom arrays and superconducting qubits.

ALMANAC & ANIVERSARY August 22 1963: NASA’s X-15 aircraft set a world record for the highest altitude a winged aircraft has achieved. Scientist Birthdays: 1920: Ray Bradbury, American author known for “Fahrenheit 451” and his exploration of future societies influenced by technology. Scientific Discoveries: 1989: Voyager 2 definitively discovered Neptune’s first ring. August 23 1966: The first photo of Earth from the Moon was taken by Lunar Orbiter 1. Scientist Birthdays: 1741: Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse, French Navy officer and explorer who mapped the Pacific. Scientific Discoveries: 2000: The first draft of the human genome was completed. August 24 2006: Pluto was reclassified as a “dwarf planet” by the International Astronomical Union. Scientist Birthdays: 1899: Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine writer who explored philosophical themes related to science. Scientific Discoveries: 2001: The first binary Kuiper Belt Object was discovered. August 25 1981: Voyager 2 made its closest approach to Saturn. Scientist Birthdays: 1912: Erich Honecker, German politician who impacted environmental policy and scientific research in East Germany. Scientific Discoveries: 1609: Galileo Galilei demonstrated his first telescope. August 26 1883: The eruption of Krakatoa began, affecting global climate understanding. Scientist Birthdays: 1918: Katherine Johnson, mathematician whose calculations were critical to U.S. spaceflights. Scientific Discoveries: 1978: Salyut 6, the Soviet orbital space station, was launched. August 27 1962: NASA’s Mariner 2 was launched, the first successful flyby of Venus. Scientific Discoveries: 2003: Mars made its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years.

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August 28 Scientist Birthdays: 1749: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German writer and natural scientist noted for his work in optics.

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“Egypt Unveils Largest 6th Century BC Astronomical Observatory”

ARCHEOLOGY

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Detectorist Finds 2,500-Year-Old Bronze Brooch Image Credits: BTA Photo_Krasimira Slavova

Golden Treasures Found in Kapitan Petko Voyvoda Archaeologists at a Thracian warrior’s tomb in Kapitan Petko Voyvoda discovered a massive gold male bracelet on Monday, following the earlier find of a gold necklace. The team, led by Daniela Agre, believes these treasures, dating back to the late Hellenistic Period, are part of a set. The artifacts are being carefully inventoried and prepared for restoration. These findings provide further insight into the Thracian culture’s rich history.

A metal detectorist uncovered a 2,500-year-old bronze fibula near Śniatycze, Poland, marking the fifth discovery of its kind in the country. This fibula, attributed to the Lusatian culture, adds to the rare findings from burial sites. Additionally, two medieval weapons were discovered: a 700-year-old flail head and a 500-year-old battle axe, both in good condition. These artifacts, now under the care of the Provincial Office for the Protection of Monuments in Lublin, will be transferred to the Zamość Museum for further study.

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Archaeologists in Egypt have unveiled a significant 6th century BCE astronomical observatory at Tell El-Faraeen in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. This mud brick structure, announced by the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, played a crucial role in tracking the sun and stars. The observatory, spanning 850 square meters, includes an east-facing entrance and an “L”-shaped hall. Noteworthy finds include a rare slanted stone sundial and various artifacts that reveal the advanced astronomical and ritualistic practices of ancient Egyptians. https://bit.ly/3XofSQF

Builders of 6000-Year-Old Menga Dolmen Likely Understood Early Science New research on the 6,000-year-old Menga Dolmen in Spain reveals that its builders had advanced knowledge of physics, geometry, and geology. The monument, constructed with precision using massive stones, challenges the notion of Neolithic societies as primitive.

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SPACE EXPLORAMeasuring the Speed of Winds on TION & COSMOL- Mars Using Sound OGY Researchers have developed a new me-

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Galaxy with an Ultra-Bright Core is Concealing a Secret Recent research into the galaxy UGC 3478 has revealed an exceptionally bright and enigmatic active galactic nucleus (AGN) at the heart of this Seyfert-type galaxy. Located 128 million light-years away, UGC 3478 has a supermassive black hole whose intense luminosity dazzles the stars around it, generating high-energy radiation, including hard X-rays.This phenomenon highlights the importance of AGNs in studying galaxy evolution, as they influence star formation and the distribution of matter through powerful jets and winds. Analyzing AGNs, especially in nearby galaxies such as UGC 3478, offers valuable insights into the interactions between black holes and their host galaxies, deepening our understanding of cosmic formation and evolution. https://bit.ly/476Tte0

Scientists Discover Baffling Truth Behind ‘Impossible’ Monster Galaxies

thod to measure wind speeds on Mars using sound travel time, which offers greater accuracy than previous techniques. This innovative approach involves a sonic anemometric system with narrowband piezoelectric transducers that measure sound pulses in both directions, allowing for detailed wind speed analysis down to 1 centimeter per second.

The James Webb Space Telescope has revealed gigantic and unexpectedly mature galaxies in the early universe, challenging existing theories about the formation of galaxies and the age of the cosmos. Initially, it was believed that these observations indicated a fundamental revision in our cosmological understanding.

Tested in conditions that simulate Mars’ thin, carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere, this method promises up to 100 measurements per second and improved detection of various wind phenomena, including turbulence and dust storms.

https://bit.ly/3Z3sb6f

https://bit.ly/4cIq2jK Image credits: White_ Neeson_ Banfield_ American Institute of Physics_ EurekAlert!

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Official Verdict: JWST’s Early Galaxies Didn’t Break Cosmology The release of the first images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2022 revealed an unexpected abundance of distant, bright galaxies. These challenging established cosmological models failed to predict their quantity and brightness. Image credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Christina Williams (NSF’s NOIRLab), Sandro Tacchella (Cambridge), Michael Maseda (UW-Madison)

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Essential Skills for IT Professionals in the AI Era

ENGINEERING, ROBOTS, IT

With AI transforming industries and automating routine tasks, IT professionals must enhance their skills to stay relevant. Key areas include mastering machine learning algorithms, data analysis, and understanding AI ethics. Essential skills involve technical expertise, critical thinking, and effective communication. https://bit.ly/3ABquTq

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Toyota and BMW to Strengthen Alliance in Fuel Cell Vehicle Manufacturing Toyota and BMW are strengthening their partnership in fuel cell vehicle (FCV) technology, with plans to sign a memorandum of understanding next week. Toyota will supply BMW with essential components such as hydrogen tanks and fuel cell systems, while BMW will incorporate its electric drive systems into the vehicles.This collaboration aims to lower the production costs of fuel cell vehicles and make them more accessible, addressing challenges such as the high cost of Toyota’s Mirai model. BMW plans to mass-produce its iX5 Hydrogen concept vehicle soon, and both companies will work together to develop hydrogen infrastructure in Europe, where the number of hydrogen filling stations remains limited compared to EV charging stations. https://s.nikkei.com/3Z5r3z0

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

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Meta Kills Augmented Reality Feature Many Creators Rely On Meta recently announced the discontinuation of Meta Spark, an augmented reality (AR) tool creators use to add AR filters to videos on platforms like Instagram. Despite its widespread use, Meta is shutting down Spark in January as part of a broader strategy to focus on other products.

At the Intersection of Hydropower and Cybersecurity: The Development of CYSAT-Hydro The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is developing the Cybersecurity Situational Awareness Tool for Hydropower (CYSAT-Hydro) to enhance the cybersecurity of hydropower plants amidst growing risks from cyberattacks and the expansion of innovative grid technologies. This advanced tool utilizes artificial intelligence to detect and respond to cyber threats in real-time, helping to safeguard critical infrastructure against potential attacks.

This decision could have significant repercussions for creators and businesses that rely on AR for promotional campaigns, highlighting the risks of depending on technology from major corporations. The shutdown comes amid speculation that Meta may reveal new AR hardware at its upcoming Meta Connect event.

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5 Tips for a Conflict-Free Talk About Parental Controls with Your Teen

PARENTING & RELATIONSHIPS

Discussing parental controls with your teen can be challenging, but it’s essential to approach the conversation with empathy and transparency. Start by explaining that these tools, like Verizon Smart Family, are safety measures to help manage their online experience, set healthy screen time limits, and protect their privacy. Use analogies, such as the importance of seatbelts, to illustrate that it’s about safety, not a lack of trust. trust and understanding.

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New Psychology Research Links Parental Well-Being to Feeling Valued

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Image credits: Lucas Ottone _ Stocksy

Recent research published in The Journal of Positive Psychology reveals that feeling valued by partners and children significantly impacts mental health, the quality of relationships, and the experience of parenthood. The study conducted by Allen W. Barton of the University of Illinois shows that the perception of gratitude not only improves satisfaction in the marital relationship and reduces psychological stress but also relieves parental stress, especially when expressed by older children.The findings highlight the importance of a family environment where appreciation is regularly expressed and recognized, suggesting that the expression and perception of gratitude are crucial to family well-being.

Gaslighting & 4 Other Control Tactics To Watch Out For In Relationships, According To Research

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Gaslighting and other control tactics, like love bombing, unpredictability, isolation, and cold-shouldering, can deeply harm individuals in relationships by eroding their sense of self and trust in others. A study on survivors of intimate partner violence highlights how these manipulative behaviors create confusion and vulnerability. Recovery from such relationships requires time, self-care, and reconnecting with supportive people, but it can lead to personal growth and stronger boundaries.

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Can Meditation Save Your Sex Life? Sex and meditation might seem like an unlikely pair, but integrating mindfulness with sexual activity—known as sexual meditation—can significantly enhance both the physical and emotional aspects of intimacy. Sexual meditation involves being fully present and aware of sensations, emotions, and thoughts during sexual activity, fostering a deeper connection and heightened pleasure. Image credits:Lisa Valder _ E+ _ Getty Images

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INVESTIMENT & FINANCE

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Clients Looking for ESG Investing Opportunities? This ETF Duo Stands Out The American Century Sustainable Growth ETF (ESGY) and the American Century Sustainable Equity ETF (ESGA) are notable choices for investors seeking ESG opportunities. Despite a general decline in ESG momentum, these ETFs have excelled with solid performance and effective ESG integration.

Shark Tank Contestant Investing $35 Million into Buckhannon Manufacturing Facility

Bank Offers: Don’t Invest if You Can’t Wait for 5 Years, Chika Mbonu Advises Investors

Prime 6, a sustainable wood products company featured on “Shark Tank,” is investing $35 million to establish a new manufacturing facility in Buckhannon, West Virginia. The facility in the former Novelis plant on Moore Avenue is expected to create 75 jobs and will focus on upcycling wood waste into USDA-certified products like cooking charcoal. Governor Jim Justice praised the investment, highlighting its potential to revitalize the local economy and support sustainable business practices. Kevin O’Leary, who struck a deal with Prime 6 on the show, is anticipated to attend the grand opening. https://bit.ly/4g8LtgU

Chika Mbonu, a financial expert, advises Nigerian investors to consider investing only in the current public banking offers if they are willing to commit for at least five years. At a recent webinar, Mbonu emphasized that while Nigerian banks have significant growth potential, substantial returns, and capital appreciation typically require a long-term investment.

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TWIS 06-13 APR 24

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Forget Nvidia -- Taiwan Semiconductor Is the Best Way to Invest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) While Nvidia has dominated the artificial intelligence (AI) investment space with impressive growth and GPU leadership, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) presents a compelling alternative. As the largest contract chip manufacturer, TSMC benefits from its broad customer base and cutting-edge semiconductor technology, including its upcoming 2-nanometer chips that promise significant energy efficiency improvements.

ESGY has achieved a 25% return over the past year, while ESGA has delivered nearly 20%, surpassing their respective segment averages.

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RETIREMENT

What You’ll Realize In The Retirement as a Time of Reinvention: New Survey Reveals First Year Of Retirement Fresh Perspectives

TWIS 09-16 JUN 24

A recent survey of 2,000 Americans nearing or in retirement found that 60% view retirement as an opportunity for reinvention. Many retirees plan to use this time to travel more, explore new hobbies like gardening and cooking, or take a “trip of a lifetime. https://bit.ly/4g4Tl2N

Cost of Living Impacting Retirement Overspending: Analyzing the Financial Strain on Retirees

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The Financial Impact of Returning to Work in Later Life – Should You ‘Unretire’? Returning to work after reaching the state pension age can offer significant financial benefits and personal satisfaction. Many individuals choose to work beyond the age of 66 due to insufficient savings or a continued passion for their jobs. This trend is supported by the number of older workers currently employed. Continuing to work can boost state pension amounts through deferral, eliminate National Insurance contributions, and provide additional income, although it may also result in higher tax bills. https://bit.ly/4e2FIiQ

Image credits: Getty Images

The first year of retirement brings a mix of liberation and confusion as retirees adjust to life without work obligations. This transition involves emotional and psychological shifts and significant financial adjustments. Retirees must navigate new financial realities without the regular paycheck, often finding that initial celebrations and travel lead to unexpected spending.

PensionBee’s analysis reveals that many retirees face financial difficulties due to higher-than-expected spending, with 20 percent of over-55s consistently exceeding their pension budgets. The main expenses include daily living and housing costs, which have become higher due to the rising cost of living in the UK. In addition, future retirees also express concerns about housing and care costs, with a significant proportion predicting that they will have to use their retirement savings to support family members.

Careful tracking of expenses is crucial to understanding the true cost of retirement and planning accordingly. Ultimately, this period reveals a clearer picture of retirement expenses and lifestyle, helping retirees to enjoy their golden years with greater financial clarity and fulfillment.

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Employment & Conferences, Books, Films , Recommendation

EMPLOYMENT & CONFERENCES

FILMS

The AI Conference https://www.newsfilecorp. com/release/221009/The-AI-Conference-Featuring-Leading-Voices-in-Artificial-Intelligence Royal Socienty Faraday Discovery Fellowship https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/ rr-news-uk-charities-and-societies-2024-8-royal-society-faraday-discovery-fellowships-open-for-applications/ Materials Science Professor, Sila Nanotechnologies Co-Founder Gleb Yushin to speak as Provost Distinguished Lecture A boy stands on a station platform as a train is about to leave. Should he go with his mother or stay with his father? Infinite possibilities arise from this decision. As long as he doesn’t choose, anything is possible.

https://news.clemson.edu/ materials-science-professor-sila-nanotechnologies-co-founder-gleb-yushin-to-speak-as-provost-distinguished-lecture/

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BOOKS

Explore the most intriguing, far-reaching, and pressing concerns in popular science today! From &;What is consciousness?&; to &;Can we beat bacteria?,&; The Big Questions in Science translates complicated concepts into understandable language. Anyone who has every wondered who we are, why we are here, and what &;here&; actually is, can gain insight into issues such as what makes us human, whether there are other universes, what’s at the bottom of a black hole, and how we can get more energy from the sun. All the questions urgently require practical answers and speak to our sense of wonder and desire to know more.

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Ice Viruses Hold Clues to Earth Past Future Climate and Microbial Evolution (Reading Recommendation) https://www.earth.com/news/ice-age-viruses-hold-clues-to-earth-past-future-climate-and-microbial-evolution/

TWIS SCIENCE THIS WEEK IN

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TWIS SCIENCE THIS WEEK IN

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