TWIS - Vol 1: ISSUE 7

INSIDE

TWIS SCIENCE THIS WEEK IN

Brain Found to Retain Three Copies of Each Memory

DIVE AND FIND

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Spiders Manipulate Fireflies to Draw More Prey into their Webs

Digital Inbreeding Could Cause AI Systems to Collapse

Wildfires Are Growing Under Climate Change, and Their Smoke Threatens Farmworkers, Study Says 18-24 AUG 24

Peering into the mind of artificial intelligence to make better antibiotics

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This Week in Science

Biology, Healthcare

Brain Found to Retain Three Copies of Each Memory

The imaging study showed that memories stored in early-born neurons are initially difficult to retrieve but strengthen over time.

Memory Stability Varies

This generative image illustrates the discovery that the brain stores memories in three parallel copies. Credits: New Atlas

Similar to a computer system with built-in redundancies, a study has discovered that the brain uses three distinct sets of neurons to store a single memory. This finding might eventually aid in alleviating painful memories for those who have experienced trauma.

Researchers at the University of Basel’s Biozentrum imaged the brains of mice to observe memory formation.

They found that forming a new memory involves activating three different sets of neurons.

The first set, early-born neurons, develop early during fetal growth. The second set, late-born neurons, appear late in embryonic development. The third set consists of neurons that form in the middle of fetal development.

In contrast, memories stored in lateborn neurons are initially very strong but gradually weaken, eventually becoming inaccessible. Memories stored in middle-born neurons, however, demonstrated greater stability compared to those in either of the other two neuron groups.

Flavio Donato Highlights the Brain’s Dual Challenge with Memory “The brain’s challenge with memory is quite remarkable,” says Flavio Donato, head of the research group at Biozentrum. “On one hand, it needs to retain past events to help us understand our world. On the other, it must adapt to ongoing changes, requiring our memories to adjust so we can make suitable future decisions.”

With their new insights, the researchers delved deeper into how memories are formed and accessed. Although the study was conducted on mice, which are frequently used in neuroscience due to their similar cortical cell types to humans (75 in total), the findings are specific to mice at this stage.

The researchers believe their findings A concussion can cause long-term changes to brain structure and behavior. Credit: Pixabay

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could have implications for treating individuals affected by traumatic events. Their work suggests it may be possible to alter memories in the brain. For instance, if a memory is still recent and resides in the lateborn neurons, it might be possible to modify it before it is transferred to the middle and early-born neurons for long-term storage.

Once a memory is established in the late-born neurons, however, modifying it becomes increasingly difficult.

Essentially, the longer a memory has been stored, the harder it is to change.

Vilde Kveim, the study’s lead author, notes, “The dynamic nature of memory storage in the brain highlights its plasticity, which supports its vast memory capacity.”

Understanding this plasticity could eventually assist scientists in helping people recover memories they believed were lost or reduce intrusive, painful memories that disrupt daily life.

Even Mild Concussions can Cause Lasting Effects on the Brain and Behavior

New research reveals that even a mild concussion from years ago can have lasting impacts on brain function and behavior in otherwise healthy individuals. This study enhances our understanding of traumatic brain injury and has implications for the evolving legal framework concerning sports-related brain injuries.

A concussion, a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), results from events like falls, car accidents, contact sports, or assaults. Although often considered a temporary disruption to brain function, growing evidence indicates that TBI may increase the risk of dementia.

This has led researchers at the University of Cambridge in the UK to explore the long-term effects of even mild TBIs on brain health.

Prevent Dementia Study As part of the Prevent Dementia study, researchers recruited 617 healthy middle-aged adults in the UK, aged 40 to 59. Participants underwent MRI scans and neuropsychological assessments to evaluate brain structure and function. Their history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) was assessed using the Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire (BISQ).

TBI was defined as having experienced at least one head impact that caused a loss of consciousness, with mild TBI being a loss of consciousPage. 2

This Week in Science

Healthcare, Biology

ness lasting less than 30 minutes. The study also evaluated participants’ risk of cardiovascular disease.

TBI History Among Participants Among the 617 participants, 36.1% reported having experienced at least one TBI with a loss of consciousness.

Of these, 56.1% had one TBI event, 27.4% had two, and 16.6% had more than two. For the 223 participants with a TBI history, injury severity was assessed for 76.2%: 94.1% reported mild TBIs, while 5.9% experienced moderate to severe TBIs with a loss of consciousness lasting 30 minutes or longer.

Cerebral microbleeds—small, chronic brain hemorrhages—were found in about 17.7% of participants. Those with a history of TBI, including mild TBI, had more microbleeds compared to those without a TBI. Increased TBI events correlated with worse sleep, gait disturbances, more severe depression, and memory issues, though no attention deficits were noted. The mild TBI group experienced poorer sleep, more depression, and gait problems but did not show cognitive impairments.

Impact of TBI vs. Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Depression, Sleep, and Memory

versus cardiovascular risk factors (like high blood pressure and diabetes) on these issues and found that TBI was a more significant factor in contributing to depression and sleep problems, overshadowing cardiovascular risk factors. For memory deficits, TBI’s influence was significant but was also affected by factors such as sex and age.

The researchers noted, “These findings show that, even in otherwise healthy middle-aged adults, a history of remote TBI is linked to observable changes in brain imaging and clinical features. This has important implications for future research and clinical practices, as well as for community policymaking.”

Researchers recommend TBI assessments for those with known brain injuries to identify high-risk individuals and enable earlier treatment, enhancing clinical practices.

Focus on TBI in sports has increased due to growing evidence of its longterm impacts. This is especially relevant in contact sports like boxing, soccer, and football, leading to shifts in the legal landscape.

Rising Sports-Related Brain Injury Lawsuits

Lawsuits for brain injuries in sports are rising. In 2015, the NFL settled a The study evaluated the impact of TBI class action, agreeing to compen-

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sate former players with dementia or other concussion-related conditions.

The NFL Concussion Settlement has paid nearly $1.2 billion to over 1,600 former players and their families. As of August 19th, 20,572 members are registered in the settlement class.

In the UK, a class action is underway against World Rugby, the Rugby Football Union, and the Welsh Rugby Union, with 295 former players alleging these bodies failed to protect player safety. Head trauma is gaining attention in Australia. In April, 24-yearold AFL player Nathan Murphy retired after his tenth concussion, following medical advice. Justin Clarke, aged 22, also retired early in 2016 due to memory loss from a concussion. In 2023, two class action lawsuits were filed against the AFL for concussion-related injuries.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive brain disease linked to repeated head trauma, remains controversial. Studies suggest a strong association between CTE and contact sports, though a definitive causal link is not established. Research on former NFL players found 99% showed CTE signs, but diagnosis is only possible post-mortem.

These legal cases are driving increased safety measures in contact sports. The key issue is whether sporting organizations will update safety rules and concussion protocols.

A cultural shift is necessary, as ath-

letes frequently under-report concussions to avoid being sidelined or disappointing their team. This highlights the need to prioritize long-term health over immediate success.

Spiders Manipulate Fireflies to Draw More Prey into their Webs

An orb-weaving spider wraps up a male firefly, getting him ready to attract his buddies to the web too

Certain species have a remarkable ability to exploit others for their benefit. Scientists have recently uncovered a fascinating example: some spiders manipulate the flashing of fireflies to lure more insects into their webs.

While fireflies’ enchanting glow illuminates the warm summer twilight, there’s more to it than meets the eye.

Males flash their two lights in intricate patterns to attract females, who signal their interest with single-pulse flashes from a stationary position.

When the females respond, the males move in.

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This Week in Science

Biology, Earth Science

Spiders Exploit Firefly Behavior Moreover, interestingly, some spiders seem to have learned to exploit this behavior. Male fireflies caught in orb-weaving spider webs were observed changing their flashing patterns to mimic those of females, attracting more males.

The research began when first author Xinhua Fu noticed that fireflies trapped in spider webs were predominantly male. Curious about this phenomenon, the researchers examined 161 webs, comparing the flashing patterns of free male and female fireflies with those caught in the webs and noting the presence of spiders.

Spider Manipulates Firefly Signals It wasn’t merely the fireflies’ panic causing them to emit distress signals.

The researchers observed that when the spider was absent, the trapped fireflies didn’t attract additional males. It appeared that the spider was actively manipulating the signals.

“However, the spiders performed a distinctive wrapping and biting routine with the fireflies—an action not observed with other insects or even with fireflies whose lights the researchers had covered.”

explained Daiqin Li, a co-author of the study.

The researchers are still investigating whether the change in firefly signaling is triggered by something in the spider’s venom or simply the act of biting. Further research could provide answers and reveal other examples of animals cleverly manipulating their prey to enhance their own survival or reproductive success.

A well-known example is the “zombie ant fungus,” which compels its infected hosts to climb to a high position, facilitating the fungus’s growth and spore release to infect more ants. Another example is Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite found in soil and cat feces.

While it primarily aims to return to the intestines of cats, its presence may also influence human behavior in ways that could make individuals appear more attractive or entrepreneurial.

A New Method Eliminates Over 98% of Nanoplastics from Water

“Upon detecting the bioluminescent signals of captured male fireflies, the spider performs a specialized prey-handling procedure involving repeated wrap-and-bite attacks,”

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The potential threat of plastic pollution to human health remains uncertain, but the recent discovery that we are unknowingly consuming tiny plastic fragments in our water is causing widespread concern.

To prevent microplastics and nanoplastics from infiltrating our bodies and brains, researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a potentially sustainable and safe method to cleanse water of microscopic pollutants.

Microscopic Plastic Particles Found in Tap and Bottled Water

Previous studies have revealed that By utilizing natural, low-toxicity liquid tap and bottled water contain numerous microscopic plastic particles, ingredients, the team has demonparticularly nanoplastics that meastrated that they can remove about 98 percent of nanoscopic polystyrene sure less than a micrometer in size. beads from both fresh and salt water. Some estimates suggest that a single liter of bottled water contains around 240,000 nanoplastic particles on avInnovative Solvent Captures Microscopic Plastics from Water’s Surface erage.

The engineered solvent floats on the water’s surface, similar to oil. After a quick stir, the liquid collects microscopic plastics and brings them to the surface.

By using a pipette to remove the top layer of liquid, the researchers successfully extracted nearly all nanoplastic beads from their contaminated water samples.

In salt water, this method proved even more effective, removing 99.8 percent of all polystyrene pollutants.

Image Credits: Depositphotos

Promising and Sustainable Solution to Nanoplastics and Other Pollutants The proof of concept highlights a cost-effective and potentially “sustainable solution to the nanoplastics problem,” according to the Mizzou researchers. With further study, this technique could also be applied to cleanse water of other pollutants, such as forever chemicals.

These non-biodegradable particles can be intentionally manufactured or result from the breakdown of microplastics.

They easily infiltrate natural ecosystems through rivers, drainage systems, tire abrasion, agricultural runoff, or wastewater treatment processes.

Today, nanoplastics are found in bodies of water worldwide, including remote areas like the deep sea, the Arctic, and mountain lakes.

“Nanoplastics can disrupt aquatic Page. 4

This Week in Science

Earth Science, Medicine

ecosystems and enter the food chain, posing risks to both wildlife and humans,” explains chemist Piyuni Ishtaweera, who conducted the research at Mizzou.

Moreover, harmful substances like heavy metals or flame retardants can adhere to the surface of nanoplastics, potentially interacting with biological membranes.

ture research, we plan to identify the solvent’s maximum capacity. We will also investigate ways to recycle the solvents, allowing them to be reused multiple times if needed.”

Five Distinct Patterns of Brain Aging Uncovered by 50,000 Scans

Eliminating these minuscule pollutants from the environment is a challenging task.

Boiling Water Removes Up to 90% of Nano- and Microplastics, but Limited to Smaller Volumes Recently, researchers in China discovered that boiling tap water can eliminate up to 90 percent of nano- and microplastics. While this might be a simple solution for purifying drinking water, it isn’t effective for larger bodies of contaminated water.

The new technique developed at Mizzou offers a more scalable approach to combating nanoplastic pollution.

“Our method employs a small amount of specially designed solvent to capture plastic particles from a large volume of water,” explains chemist Gary Baker.

“At present, the capacity of these solvents is not fully understood. In fu-

Some parts of the brain tend to atrophy and deform in concert with other regions.

Credit: Zephyr/SPL

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it provides deeper insights into how brain anatomy changes with age and disease.

The researchers published the findings in Nature Medicine on August 15.

The Brain’s Aging Process As we age, our brain undergoes subtle anatomical changes visible on MRI scans, such as shrinkage or structural alterations in certain areas. These changes are hard to detect without advanced technology. “The human eye can’t easily spot the systematic patterns of brain aging,” says Christos Davatzikos from the University of Pennsylvania.

Previous machine-learning studies detected aging signs from MRI data but were limited in scale and included data from few individuals.

A comprehensive analysis of nearly 50,000 brain scans has identified five unique patterns of brain atrophy linked to aging and neurodegenerative diseases. The study also connected these patterns to lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as to genetic and blood markers related to health and disease risk.

To identify comprehensive patterns, Davatzikos’s team spent eight years developing and training a deep-learning method called Surreal-GAN on MRIs from 1,150 healthy individuals and 8,992 older adults with cognitive decline. The algorithm learned to identify recurring features of aging brains and modeled how anatomical structures change together or independently.

Andrei Irimia, a gerontologist at USC, calls this research a major advance in understanding brain aging. While not involved in the study, he notes that

The researchers applied the model to MRI scans from nearly 50,000 participants, revealing five distinct brain

atrophy patterns. They linked various types of age-related degeneration to these patterns, noting individual variability even among those with the same condition.

Patterns of Aging and Disease The study linked dementia and mild cognitive impairment to three of the five patterns and found that these patterns could also predict further brain degeneration. Davatzikos noted that one pattern was the strongest predictor of cognitive decline, with an additional pattern improving predictions at later stages. Other patterns were associated with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and a combination of three patterns strongly predicted mortality.

The study linked brain atrophy patterns to factors like alcohol use, smoking, and genetic markers, suggesting that overall physical health impacts neurological well-being.

Despite the findings, Davatzikos warns that the study does not simplify brain aging into just five patterns. His team plans to expand their research using data from a broader range of neurological conditions and a more diverse population.

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This Week in Science

Artificial Intelligence

Digital Inbreeding Could Cause AI Systems to Collapse

Image Credits: Pixabay

Artificial intelligence (AI) prophets and newsmongers are forecasting the end of the generative AI hype, with talk of an impending catastrophic “model collapse“.

But how realistic are these predictions? And what is model collapse anyway?

“Model collapse,” a concept discussed in 2023 but gaining more attention recently, describes a hypothetical situation where AI systems become increasingly less effective as the amount of AI-generated data on the internet grows.

Modern AI systems rely on machine learning, where programmers establish the mathematical framework, but the “intelligence” comes from training the system to recognize patterns

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in data.

ness.

However, these generative AI systems require vast amounts of high-quality data. Major tech companies like OpenAI, Google, Meta, and Nvidia continuously collect terabytes of content from the internet to train their models. Since the rise of generative AI in 2022, there’s been an increase in AI-generated content online.

Can big tech simply filter out AI-generated content? Not really. Tech companies already invest significant time and resources into cleaning and filtering the data they collect, with some discarding up to 90% of the initial data used for training models.

As the need to exclude AI-generated content grows, these efforts will Exploring AI-Generated Data for become even more challenging.

Training Models Moreover, distinguishing AI-generated content will become increasingly In 2023, researchers began exploring difficult over time, making the prowhether AI-generated data alone cess of filtering out synthetic data less could be used for training, rather than financially viable. relying on human-generated data.

This approach has significant advanUltimately, research indicates that tages: AI-made content is cheaper human data remains essential, as it is and less problematic to collect comthe foundation of AI’s “intelligence.” pared to human data.

Challenges in Acquiring High-QualYet, researchers discovered that train- ity Data ing AI solely on AI-generated data leads to a decline in performance.

There are signs that developers are As each model learns from previous increasingly struggling to obtain ones, it results in a “regurgitative high-quality data. For example, the training” effect, reducing both the documentation for the GPT-4 release quality and diversity of AI outputs. noted an unusually large number of Quality here means the AI’s usefulstaff dedicated to handling data-relatness, safety, and honesty, while diver- ed aspects of the project. sity refers to the range of responses and the representation of different We might also be running out of new cultural and social perspectives. human-generated data, with some estimates suggesting the supply In summary, excessive use of AI syscould be exhausted by 2026. tems may be contaminating the data sources essential for their effectiveThis may explain why OpenAI and

other companies are forming exclusive partnerships with major players like Shutterstock, Associated Press, and NewsCorp, which own extensive collections of proprietary human data not available on the public internet.

However, the risk of a catastrophic model collapse may be exaggerated.

Most research focuses on scenarios where synthetic data completely replaces human data, but in reality, human and AI-generated data are likely to grow alongside each other, mitigating the risk of collapse.

A more probable future scenario involves a diverse range of generative AI platforms creating and publishing content, rather than a single dominant model. This diversity enhances resilience against collapse.

This underscores the importance of regulators promoting healthy competition by curbing monopolies in the AI industry and supporting the development of public interest technologies.

There are also more subtle dangers associated with an overabundance of AI-generated content.

An excess of synthetic content might not endanger the progress of AI development, but it does threaten the digital public good of the human internet.

Impact of AI Assistance Page. 6

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For example, researchers observed a 16% decline in activity on the coding site StackOverflow a year after ChatGPT’s release, suggesting that AI assistance might be decreasing direct interactions within some online communities.

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AI-Generated Content Surge Makes It Hard to Find Non-Clickbait Material It’s becoming increasingly hard to tell human-generated content from AI-generated content. One solution could be watermarking or labeling AI-generated content, a concept recently supported by Australian government interim legislation and discussed by many experts.

Additionally, the growing uniformity of AI-generated content risks diminishing socio-cultural diversity, potentially leading to cultural erasure for some groups. There is an urgent need for cross-disciplinary research to address the social and cultural implications of AI systems.

Protecting human interactions and data is crucial, both for our own well-being and to potentially mitigate the risk of future model collapse.

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Artificial Intelligence, Apps & Software, Medicine

Color ePaper Display Ditches Batteries for Wireless Power

hubs, and dynamic signage in meeting rooms.

Remote Updates and Wireless Power Keep Always-On Displays Efficient The onboard Wi-Fi allows for remote updates to the always-on display, while an overhead Wi-Charge module wirelessly powers multiple units at once. Each display reportedly draws about 500 mW for Wi-Fi connection, image or information retrieval, and writing, though it requires much less power in standby mode.

A color E Ink display that’s updated over Wi-Fi and powered wirelessly too Digital View

E Ink screens are known for being easy on the eyes and providing excellent battery life due to their minimal power consumption. However, a new display developed by Digital View operates completely without a battery, drawing power instead from an overhead Wi-Charge wireless power system.

Before avid e-reader fans get too enthusiastic, this innovation has limited usefulness for such devices since the screens won’t refresh or turn pages outside the power transmission range.

Nonetheless, it shows great potential for applications like advertising displays in retail settings, informational kiosks in museums and art galleries, scheduling boards at transportation

AirCord Power Module Offers Infrared Wireless Charging for ESP6-13 Displays The product page for the ESP6-13 ePaper monitor lists the puck-shaped AirCord power transmission module as an option, but it requires prior overhead installation in the building where the displays will be used.

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public signage.” Each ESP6-13 monitor features an aluminum frame and includes built-in Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and USB-C connectivity.

In a LinkedIn post, Wi-Charge stated, “This innovative display combines WiFi connectivity with wireless power, enabling remote content management and unprecedented placement flexibility, as it requires no wires or battery replacements due to its wireless power source.”

As is common with business-focused technologies, the company has not disclosed pricing details. Companies and institutions seeking more information should contact the company directly.

Light-Activated Implant May Cut Heart Surgeries in Babies

According to Wi-Charge, each transmitter uses infrared technology to “beam several watts of power at distances of 30 ft or more to thumbsized receivers” embedded in the Digital View displays.

Understanding Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Hypoplastic left heart syndrome occurs when the left side of the heart remains severely underdeveloped and thus cannot support blood circulation throughout the body. Consequently, without treatment, doctors cannot save a baby born with this defect.

One of the essential steps of this treatment involves connecting the aorta to the main pulmonary artery so that the right side of the heart can supply blood flow to the lungs.

To achieve this, surgeons perform the connection through open-heart surgery, implanting a polymer tube known as a shunt. Additionally, this approach enables an effective and targeted treatment.

As the baby grows, wider shunts are needed, requiring up to four additional surgeries, each posing risks and stress.

E Ink Spectra 6 Display The 13.3-inch E Ink Spectra 6 color ePaper display offers a resolution of 1,200 x 1,600 pixels and is “highly visible in normal ambient light and bright conditions, making it ideal for

For babies with a heart defect, implanting a ‘shunt‘ is vital. A new light-expanding shunt could reduce the need for multiple heart surgeries as the baby grows.

A section of the experimental new shunt material gets exposed to blue light via a fiber optic cable, causing its inner walls to get thinner. Akari Seiner and Christopher Rodell

Introducing the Innovative Light-Activated Shunt This is where the new experimental shunt plays a role. Assistant Professor Christopher Rodell and his team at Drexel University in Philadelphia Page. 8

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Medicine, Agriculture

developed the shunt, which has inner walls lined with a hydrogel made of polymer molecules surrounded by water.

pital and the University of Minnesota are creating heart valves that grow with the baby, and other teams are exploring similar solutions.

How the Light-Activated Shunt Works

Graduate student Akari Seiner will present a paper on the Drexel study at the American Chemical Society’s fall meeting.

Under normal conditions, the thickness of this gel remains unchanged.

However, when exposed to blue light, the polymer molecules crosslink and contract, expelling the water.

Researchers May Have Found a Way to Save Bananas

Ongoing Research into Expandable Heart Valves cientists from Boston Children’s Hos-

To address this, plant biologists developed the Fusarium-resistant Cavendish variety as a replacement.

However, in recent decades, a new strain of the same fungus, known as tropical race 4 (TR4), has emerged and is now threatening global banana production.

I am a genomicist who has dedicated the past decade to researching the genetic evolution of Fusarium oxysporum. This pathogen causes wilt and root rot in over 120 plant species, and some strains can infect humans as well.

The team could use a thin fiber optic cable to apply blue light via an artery near the armpit, avoiding open-heart surgery.

Children aren’t just tiny adults; they continue to grow, says Rodell. That’s something we need to consider in biomaterials, how that graft will behave over time.

pathogen that infects bananas by invading their vascular system and disrupting water and nutrient flow.

How did Fusarium oxysporum evolve to bypass resistance and infect a wide range of plants?

The inner wall contracts and thins, expanding the shunt’s diameter. Longer light exposure increases this effect, allowing more blood flow and removing the need for replacement.

In lab tests, scientists expanded a shunt’s diameter by 40% from 3.5 to 5 millimeters, nearing the size of the largest shunts used in infants. They plan to test it on a mock circulatory system and possibly on animals next.

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Image Credits:

Did you know that the bananas we eat now differ from those consumed a few generations ago?

Today’s common banana is the Cavendish variety, while the Gros Michel variety, which was widely available until the 1950s, was decimated by a disease known as Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB).

In 2010, my lab uncovered that the F. oxysporum genome comprises two segments: a core genome common to all strains, responsible for essential functions, and an accessory genome that varies between strains and enables specialized functions, such as infecting specific plant hosts.

Each plant species has a complex immune system designed to fend off microbial attacks. To successfully The Fusarium wilt that devastated the infect a plant, each strain of F. oxysporum uses its accessory genome Gros Michel bananas was caused by to override the plant’s specific deFusarium oxysporum race 1, a fungal fense mechanisms. This functional

specialization enables F. oxysporum to significantly expand its range of host plants. In our recent study, my team, along with colleagues from China and South Africa, discovered that the TR4 strain, which is lethal to Cavendish bananas, has a distinct evolutionary origin and different accessory genome sequences compared to the strain that decimated Gros Michel bananas.

When examining the interaction between the TR4 strain and its Cavendish banana host, we observed that certain activated accessory genes in the strain produce nitric oxide, a gas that is harmful to the banana.

This sudden release of toxic gas aids the infection by weakening the plant’s defense system. Meanwhile, the fungus protects itself by increasing the production of chemicals that neutralize nitric oxide.

In tracking the worldwide spread of this new variant of Fusarium oxysporum, we recognized that the primary reason for the recent resurgence of this fungal infection is the dominance of a single banana clone in the global banana industry.

Cultivating a variety of banana types could make agriculture more sustainable and lessen the disease pressure on a single crop. Farmers and researchers can manage Fusarium wilt in bananas by identifying or developing banana varieties that are tolerant Page. 10

This Week in Science or resistant to TR4.

Our research suggests that another approach to protecting Cavendish bananas could be designing effective nitric oxide scavengers to mitigate the toxic impact of the gas burst.

It may seem difficult to envision how a banana-loving consumer could contribute to the fight against the disease ravaging banana crops. However, consumers shape the market, and farmers must grow what the market demands.

You can encourage greater banana diversity in your supermarket by deliberately choosing one or more of the hundreds of other banana varieties when they become available.

Additionally, purchasing local varieties of other fruits and agricultural products can help preserve plant diversity and support local farmers.

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CLIMATE & ENVIRONMENT

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Wildfires Are Growing Under Climate Change, and Their Smoke Threatens Farmworkers, Study Says Wildfires fueled by climate change are increasingly endangering farmworkers, particularly in Sonoma County, where inadequate safety measures leave them exposed to toxic air. A recent study reveals that many farmworkers, driven by economic necessity, continue working in dangerous conditions without sufficient protections.

The study calls for stricter regulations, including better air quality monitoring, post-exposure health screenings, and multilingual training. With farmworkers facing heightened risks of respiratory and chronic diseases, experts stress the urgent need for action to safeguard these essential workers. https://bit.ly/3XdQZYa

Threats to California’s freshwater ecosystems and how to increase their resiliency

Image Credits: Eagletimes

NH Beekeepers Say Climate Change Is Stressing Out Their Bees Lee Alexander, a beekeeper with 50 years of experience, faces unprecedented challenges due to climate change. Early spring and summer caused his bees to produce excessive honey, overcrowding the brood chambers and threatening the hive’s survival. Despite his efforts to manage this, two hives swarmed, complicating the situation further.

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California’s freshwater ecosystems face diverse threats, demanding advanced monitoring and modeling networks for resilience. Researchers from UC Berkeley, the University of Nevada, Reno, and the Pacific Institute propose a comprehensive approach to sustain the state’s water resources. https://bit.ly/4dSOU9u

Image Credits: Sylvia Jordan_IGB

Modeling study reveals German lake conditions under climate change

Climate change has intensified stressors on hives, requiring beekeepers to adapt. Extreme weather, pests like varroa mites, and issues like moisture buildup have made beekeeping more challenging. However, Alexander remains committed, finding ways to adjust and keep his hives healthy.

A study on 46 German lakes revealed that surface temperatures have risen faster than air temperatures over the past 30 years, leading to lower oxygen concentrations in deep waters.

Researchers from the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries and the Helmholtz Center in Magdeburg found that this trend could worsen, but reducing nutrient loads from urban and agricultural discharges could help.

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We finally have a definition for open-source AI

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

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Peering into the mind of artificial intelligence to make better antibiotics Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming various fields, but its decision-making process often remains a mystery. Explainable AI (XAI) aims to clarify how AI models reach their conclusions, which is crucial in areas like drug discovery. Researchers, including Rebecca Davis from the University of Manitoba, are applying XAI to predict new antibiotic candidates, enhancing understanding of AI’s role in chemistry.

Using XAI, the team discovered that AI models might prioritize different molecular structures than chemists traditionally expect, offering new insights for drug design. https://bit.ly/4dhSVEz

Image Credits: Summit School District_ Courtesy photo

Report pushes for urgent implementation of artificial intelligence in Colorado classrooms

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The Open Source Initiative (OSI) has released a new definition for open-source AI, aiming to clarify the term and guide regulations. According to OSI, an open-source AI system should be accessible, modifiable, and shareable for any purpose, with transparent training data and components.

This new definition addresses previous confusion caused by companies like OpenAI and Google, whose models, despite being accessible, were not truly open source due to restrictions. https://bit.ly/3WUEBMw

How Generative AI Will Change Jobs In Customer Support Generative AI, especially chatbots, is reshaping customer support by handling routine inquiries and complex cases with personalized responses.

This allows human agents to focus on tasks requiring specialized knowledge. However, AI won’t fully replace humans; roles will evolve, with opportunities for professionals to become AI trainers or collaboration specialists.

Artificial intelligence is entering classrooms, and the Colorado Education Initiative has created a roadmap to guide K-12 districts. The roadmap focuses on reshaping teaching, ensuring equitable access, and developing ethical AI policies.

It emphasizes the need for schools to start integrating AI thoughtfully, with an emphasis on teacher control and student readiness. Supported by a Colorado Opportunity Now grant, eight districts will pilot the roadmap over two years. The initiative also includes webinars and professional development to help educators effectively implement AI in their classrooms.

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Images Credit: Stephanie Arnett_MIT Technology Review _ Envato

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ENTERTAINMENT

Video Game-Inspired Series ‘Secret Level’ Unveils Teaser Trailer, Release Date Amazon Prime Video’s new anthology series Secret Level premieres on December 10, featuring 15 short stories inspired by popular video games. The series, produced

by Amazon MGM Studios and Blur Studio, includes titles like PAC-MAN, Mega Man, Sifu, and Warhammer 40,000.

Image Credits: thegadgetflow

How advancing technology is impacting online gaming

Each episode is a gateway to a different video game universe, blending classic and new titles for an exciting viewing experience. https://bit.ly/3WWKt6A

Technology is transforming online gaming, with blockchain and AI at the forefront. Blockchain enables secure transactions, potentially replacing traditional banking in gaming. Meanwhile, AI and VR, though still developing, are expected to play bigger roles in the future of gaming. Nvidia’s advancements in GPU technology further enhance game design, contributing to the industry’s rapid growth.

Online gaming’s integration with these innovations impacts the broader gaming industry, improving graphics and gameplay quality. As GPU sophistication continues to advance, these technological breakthroughs are set to shape the future of gaming. https://bit.ly/3SWf8Ql

Image Credits: Cartoonbrew

TWIS 17-24 AUG 24

‘Quidditch Champions’ Trailer Brings Harry, Ginny, and Draco Back to the Pitch Warner Bros. Games unveiled the “Harry Potter: Quidditch Champions” trailer, featuring beloved characters like Harry Potter and Draco Malfoy playing Quidditch. The game offers roles like Beater, Chaser, Keeper, or Seeker in various modes. It will launch on September 3 for Xbox, PC, and PlayStation, with a Physical Deluxe Edition for PlayStation and Xbox on November 8. https://bit.ly/4cCpKuO

Epic Games Store free games: What’s free this week?

Image Credits: Striking Distance Studios

Epic Games Store offers free PC games weekly, continuing in 2024. This week, you can download Gigantic: Rampage Edition and The Callisto Protocol for free until August 29 at 8:00 a.m. PT / 11:00 a.m. ET. To claim these free games, sign in to your Epic Games account, go to the game’s store page, click GET, and follow the prompts. The list of free games will be updated weekly, so check back often! https://bit.ly/3yRmBJx

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COMING UP NEXT

Learn the language of maths, that truly explains our world Book Tickets

TERM OF THE WEEK Quark A quark is a fundamental particle and a basic constituent of matter in the field of particle physics. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. They are unique in that they are never found in isolation but always exist in combination with other quarks, a phenomenon known as quark confinement.

There are six types, or “flavors,” of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Each flavor comes in three “colors”: red, green, and blue, which are related to the strong force in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory describing the interactions between quarks and gluons.

Quarks possess fractional electric charges, with up, charm, and top quarks carrying a charge of +2/3, and down, strange, and bottom quarks carrying a charge of -1/3.

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Solution to the previous brainteaser: The age of the father is 42. The age of the son is 24.

Page. 18

This Week in Science

Astronomy, Climatology

Study Finds Vinegar’s Surprising Effect on Depression

CES-D, the PHQ-9 results showed a notable 42% reduction in depressive symptoms in the group taking higher amounts of vinegar, compared to an 18% reduction in the control group.

The Role of Vitamin B3

Image Credits: Pixabay

A recent study has uncovered a surprising potential treatment for depression: vinegar. Researchers from Arizona State University have found that daily consumption of vinegar could significantly improve symptoms of depression, hinting at its potential as “a simple and natural treatment option.”

The Study and Its Findings The study divided 28 overweight but otherwise healthy adults into two groups. One group consumed two tablespoons of red wine vinegar twice daily, while the other took a pill containing a minimal amount of vinegar. Participants’ mental health was assessed over four weeks using two standard surveys: the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

While there was no significant difference between the groups on the

One of the most significant findings was an 86% increase in nicotinamide levels (a form of vitamin B3) among those who consumed vinegar daily.

Vitamin B3 has been linked to anti-inflammatory effects, which may contribute to the improvement in depression symptoms.

“This data provides additional support that daily vinegar ingestion over four weeks can improve self-reported depression symptomology in generally healthy adults,” the researchers noted, adding that changes in vitamin B3 metabolism might play a key role in these benefits.

Limitations and Future Directions

TWIS 17-24 AUG 24

Treatment Depressive disorders are among the most common mental health issues worldwide, and current treatments often come with serious side effects and varying levels of effectiveness.

This study suggests that vinegar could be a simple, effective adjunct therapy, offering a natural alternative for those seeking to manage their depression.

Nutraceuticals—essentially a blend of “nutrition” and “pharmaceuticals” that can sound like marketing jargon—are products that offer both nuThe researchers conclude that “future tritional benefits and health-enhanstudies should focus on the effects of cing properties. Examples include vinegar in clinically depressed or atginseng, green tea, Echinacea, ome-risk populations, as well as those on ga-3, and Manuka honey. The latter is antidepressant medications.” Larger made from nectar collected by honey sample sizes and a deeper exploration bees from the mānuka tree, a plant of the mechanisms behind vinegar’s native to New Zealand and southeast effects could help solidify its role in Australia. mental health treatment.

Manuka Honey’s Unique Properties Preliminary Studies Suggest Manuka Honey Reduces and Its Potential Role in Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Breast Cancer Cell Growth by 84%

Despite the promising results, the study had some limitations, including a small sample size and participants with low-level depression. Additionally, the improvements in PHQ-9 symptoms were not statistically significant in secondary analyses that adjusted for baseline scores. However, the researchers believe that the findings warrant further investigation.

A Promising Avenue for Depression

Preliminary studies indicate that Manuka honey can decrease breast cancer cell growth by 84% while sparing healthy cells and causing minimal side effects. This suggests potential for developing a natural, non-toxic cancer treatment, either as a supplement or a standalone therapy.

Image Credits: Depositphotos

Manuka honey has shown antibacterial, antioxidant, and healing properties, likely due to its unique composition compared to other honeys.

Preliminary research from UCLA suggests that this nutraceutical may assist in breast cancer prevention and treatment.

Dr. Diana Márquez-Garbán, associate professor of medicine at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and the study’s lead author, noted, “The findings offer promise for developing Page. 19

This Week in Science

Climatology, Quantum Physics

a natural, less toxic alternative to traditional chemotherapy. While further research is needed to fully explore the benefits of natural compounds in cancer therapy, this study provides a solid foundation for future investigations.“ In cases of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer—affecting about 60% to 70% of patients—the cancer cells use estrogen to fuel their growth. Although anti-estrogen therapy usually hinders tumor growth, some patients develop resistance, leaving chemotherapy as a last resort.

Manuka Honey Significantly Inhibits ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Growth and Enhances Effects of Tamoxifen In laboratory experiments, researchers grew ER-positive and triple-negative breast cancer cells. They found that Manuka honey and its dehydrated powder significantly inhibited the proliferation of ER-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner compared to controls.

The effect on triple-negative cells was less pronounced. Combining Manuka honey with tamoxifen, a common anti-estrogen drug, greatly reduced ER-positive cell proliferation more effectively than either treatment alone.

Further analysis revealed that Manuka honey reduced blood estrogen

levels and estrogen receptors in tumors, and promoted apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells, disrupting cancer progression.

Manuka Honey Significantly Reduces Tumor Growth in Mice with ER-Positive Breast Cancer The researchers then tested Manuka honey in animal models. Mice implanted with human ER-positive breast cancer cells and subsequently developed tumors were given Manuka honey orally. The mice treated with honey exhibited a significant reduction in tumor growth—by 84%—compared to the control group, without harming healthy cells.

The researchers concluded that natural compounds like Manuka honey, which show strong antitumor activity and target hormone receptor-positive breast cancers selectively, could be developed as a supplement or a potential alternative to traditional cytotoxic cancer drugs, which often have more widespread adverse effects.

For Improved Plant Growth, Simply Incorporate Ground Glass

TWIS 17-24 AUG 24

Glass-fragment waste usually ends up in landfills, but that might not always be necessary. A recent study suggests that mixing ground glass particles with soil can create a plant growth medium that outperforms soil on its own.

While larger glass items can be recycled into glass of the same color, small, mixed-color glass fragments are too difficult to efficiently sort for recycling. Consequently, despite ongoing efforts to address this issue, significant amounts of these tiny pieces often end up being discarded.

Investigating Fungus Growth The likely reason for the faster growth rate is that all pots with 100% soil developed a growth-stunting fungus, which did not appear in any pots containing glass particles. The researchers are currently investigating why this is the case.

Regardless of the reason, if recycled glass can be used commercially in farm soil, it may reduce the need for fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides, which can be problematic.

Chemistry graduate student Andrea Quezada, who presented the team’s findings at the American Chemical Society’s fall meeting, emphasized the importance of minimizing harmful chemical use. “If we can reduce chemical usage and help the community by collecting recyclables, we Cilantro seedlings grown in a medium consisting of 100% recycled glass particles Andrea Quezada

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can improve people’s quality of life,” she said.

The impact of glass particles on factors such as yield and taste will be assessed when the plants are harvested.

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CARS & GADGETS

Turbofrost Laptop Cooler uses an innovative Pressure Cooling system to safeguard

Image Credits: Zenni

Forget the leaked Meta smartwatch, I want a Opulent Velocity: Cadillac smart bracelet for AR Unveils New Luxury Perglasses instead – here’s formance Concept Image Credits: Cadillac _ Drivencarguide

Cadillac has unveiled the Opulent Velocity concept, a futuristic vision combining luxury and high electric vehicle performance. With distinct modes, ‘Opulent’ provides a Level 4 autonomous experience, offering an immersive and relaxing environment, while ‘Velocity’ unleashes the potential of a hypersports car inspired by Cadillac’s Blackwing engineering.

Meta may be reviving its rumored smartwatch, according to industry leaker Evan Blass, but I believe a smart bracelet for AR glasses would be more beneficial. Previous discussions about a Meta smartwatch indicated that it might feature standard functions akin to Apple or Galaxy Watches, along with XR technology like electromyography for enhanced hand tracking.

The striking design, with butterfly doors and unique lighting elements, reflects Cadillac’s intention to lead the electrified luxury vehicle market by uniting performance and sophistication in a single machine.

While the smartwatch is still uncertain, the integration of similar technology could significantly expand accessibility in virtual and mixed reality environments. Blass’s leak offers few details, so we should remain cautious about its validity.

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TWIS 06-13 APR 24

The Turbofrost Laptop Cooler is a cutting-edge cooling system designed for optimal performance and comfort, offering up to -11.8°C GPU and -13.7°C CPU temperature drops.

With a sleek 360-degree RGB light, it enhances any setup while providing stability during gaming and retaining preferred settings through its memory function.

Image Credits: kickstarter

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Trek BellBeats: The Ultimate Digital Bike Bell and Bluetooth Speaker for Clear Audio on the Go Trek BellBeats is a multifunctional device that combines a digital bicycle bell and a Bluetooth speaker, offering up to 6 hours of clear, Harmon-optimised sound. It features eight preset bell sounds, easy-to-use ergonomic controls, IP67-rated dust and water resistance, and a rechargeable battery via USB-C. https://bit.ly/3T3AcEt

Image Credit: Unsplash.com, Olivier Bergeron

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Boozy science: Mathematicians unlock the secrets of ouzo’s cloudy transformation

MATHEMATICS

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Mathematicians at Loughborough University have developed a mathematical model to explain the ‘Ouzo Effect’, where ouzo turns cloudy when water is added. This model reveals how microscopic oil droplets form and remain suspended, causing the cloudiness.

Image Credits: Christoph Hetzmannseder_Getty Images

Dimensional Sudoku Puzzle Proves Mathematicians Wrong about Long-Standing Geometry Problem Researchers have challenged an old mathematical conjecture about the ability of tiles to fill a space periodically, i.e., repetitively. By constructing a strictly aperiodic tile that completely covers a space without repeating any pattern, they have shown that, in very high dimensions, tiling can become chaotic and unpredictable.

This discovery, published in the Annals of Mathematics, reveals the complexity of tiling in higher dimensions, suggesting that mathematical order can give way to chaos in previously unforeseen situations. https://bit.ly/3YVfXMZ

Image Credits: Nanyang Technological University

Math for AI: Can Mathematics Provide a Solid Foundation for AI? The seminar’ Math for AI: Can Mathematics Provide a Solid Foundation for AI?’ presented

by NTU’s Prof Xia Kelin explored how advanced mathematics, especially in topology and geometry, can be crucial to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) models, with a particular focus on molecular sciences.

https://bit.ly/3YWSzyF

A Stanford Professor’s Dangerous Fuzzy-Math Crusade An anonymous 100-page complaint was filed against Stanford University’s Jo Boaler, a lead architect of the controversial California Math Framework, alleging “reckless disregard for accuracy through citation misrepresentation.” The complaint, listing 52 instances and backed by several California mathematicians and scientists, struck a nerve.

Image Credits: David Madison_Getty Images, Stanford University

Prof Xia discussed methods such as persistent homology and graph-based neural networks to represent molecular data efficiently, addressing challenges such as the featurisation of complex data. The event highlighted the multidisciplinary relevance of his research, demonstrating how mathematical frameworks can transform data representation and learning in AI. https://bit.ly/3ADAXhq

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QUANTUM REALM

Image Credits: Amee Hennig

Freeze-frame: Researchers Develop World’s Fastest Microscope to Capture Electrons in Motion Researchers at the University of Arizona have developed the world’s fastest electron microscope, capable of capturing freeze-frame images of electrons in motion at attosecond speeds, which is one quintillionth of a second.

This groundbreaking technology, led by Mohammed Hassan, allows scientists to observe the quantum behavior of electrons in real-time, potentially revolutionizing fields such as physics, chemistry, and materials science.

Ultrathin Quantum Light Sources: Boosting Efficiency of Entangled Photon Generation with Excitonic Interactions Scientists at the National University of Singapore (NUS) have discovered that excitonic interactions in ultra-thin crystals can significantly increase efficiency in generating entangled photons, which are essential for quantum technologies. This breakthrough was achieved by exploiting the interactions between opposing charges created by light in the crystal, improving the traditionally inefficient process of spontaneous parametric conversion.

The research, published in Physical Review Letters, reveals that although ultra-thin crystals are generally avoided, they can overcome technical challenges such as the phase matching problem, making them viable sources for producing entangled photons in next-generation quantum devices. https://bit.ly/3MbcSRm Image Credits: National University of Singapore

Scientists Harness Quantum Microprocessor Chips for Advanced Molecular Spectroscopy Simulation

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Researchers at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) have developed an innovative quantum microprocessor capable of simulating complex molecular spectra, overcoming the limitations of classical computers. https://bit.ly/3WUEEGL

German CubeSat Qube to Test Quantum Key Distribution The German CubeSat Qube, launched on 16 August aboard a Falcon 9 rocket, is carrying out innovative tests of quantum key distribution via optical link, marking a significant advance in secure global communication.

Developed by the University of Wurzburg’s Telematics Centre and equipped with quantum key distribution technology from institutions such as the Ludwig Maximilian University and the Max Planck Institute, Qube is rapidly overcoming the initial phase of the mission.

Image Credits: Center for Telematics, Wurzburgce

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BIOTECH & GENETIC

Ancient DNA Sheds Light Beyond Gene-Edited Babies: The Possible Paths for Tinkeon the Genetic Diversity ring with Human Evolution of Post-Roman Elites

Image Credits: Caterina Giostra Image Credits: King_s College London

Breakthrough in Scintillator Technology: Water-Based Quantum Dot Scintillators Offer Safer, Eco-Friendly Alternative King’s College London researchers have developed a new water-based quantum dot liquid scintillator that offers a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional organic scintillators used in neutrino detection. This novel scintillator uses non-toxic, non-flammable quantum dots to emit blue light, which is crucial for particle detection.

Initial tests showed that it has a high scintillation yield and stable performance over two years.

The technology promises significant advancements for neutrino and dark matter detectors, as well as potential applications in compact radiation sensors and monitoring nuclear reactors. https://bit.ly/3XbTNER

A groundbreaking study of ancient DNA, led by Krishna R. Veeramah, PhD, of Stony Brook University, reveals new insights into the genetic diversity and social evolution of European communities after the fall of the Roman Empire. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the study analysed the genomes of 28 individuals from a cemetery in Collegno, Italy, from the 6th to the 8th century, and found that the medieval elites were genetically diverse and initially made up of several families with different ancestries.

Over time, these families integrated and mixed with new members from varied origins, forming an extensive and socially dominant lineage. The findings highlight how these elites influenced the formation of medieval European communities and offer an in-depth look at the processes of social mobility and integration at the time. https://bit.ly/3T0mXVa

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

In 2016, Jennifer Doudna, co-inventor of CRISPR technology, expressed concerns about the possibility of creating ‘CRISPR babies’, highlighting the ethical risks and implications for human evolution. In 2018, Chinese biologist He Jiankui announced the creation of embryos genetically modified for HIV resistance, sparking controversy and severe criticism. https://bit.ly/4dSrQrm

Detective Algorithm Predicts Best Drugs for Genetic Disorders and Cancer Researchers at IRB Barcelona and CRG have developed RTDetective.

This computational model predicts the most effective drugs for treating diseases caused by nonsense mutations, which lead to truncated, nonfunctional proteins. Published in Nature Genetics, this model analyzes the genetic context surrounding these mutations and evaluates drug efficacy on over 5,800 different premature stop signs.

Image Credits: Centre for Genomic Regulation

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Myth or real

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Yoga for Ageing Gracefully: Unlock Mental Acuity and Emotional Wellness in Seniors

WELLNESS More Pregnant Women Are Going Without Prenatal Care, CDC Finds

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Scientists Reveal How ‘15 Minute Challenge’ Could Overhaul Your Health

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A recent CDC report reveals an increase in the number of women going through pregnancy without receiving prenatal care, even as the total number of births in the U.S. declines. In 2023, the percentage of mothers without prenatal care rose to 2.3%, a rise that may be linked to growing difficulties in accessing healthcare services following the overturning of Roe v. Wade.

The lack of prenatal care can lead to severe complications for both mothers and babies, such as undetected high blood pressure. The report also highlights a continued decline in birth rates among teenagers. https://amzn.to/4dQ05zu

Australian research reveals that dedicating just 15 minutes a day to exercise can have a significant impact on health and well-being. In the study of 11,575 workers using the 15 Minute Challenge app, weekly physical activity increased by an average of 85 minutes, resulting in improvements in physical fitness, energy, general health, sleep quality and mood.

The app, which turns exercise into a competitive game, helped 95 per cent of participants meet or exceed recommended physical activity guidelines. This model suggests that small changes to exercise routines can lead to major health benefits, especially when introduced in an accessible and engaging way.

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Yoga stands out as a powerful tool for supporting older people’s mental and emotional health, providing significant benefits as we age. Through physical postures, meditation, and breathing exercises, yoga can improve cognitive function, increasing the volume of grey matter in regions of the brain associated with memory and concentration, promoting better blood circulation, and creating new neural connections. https://bit.ly/3X89DjR

Columbia County’s Wellness Hub: Bridging Gaps in Mental Health and Substance Use Columbia County, NY, is developing the Wellness Hub, a new center to address critical mental health and substance use disorder care gaps.

This facility will offer emergency and permanent supportive housing, specialized services like a welcome center, culinary arts training, and peer support.

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NUTRITION

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Is Your Baby’s Food as Healthy as You Think?

Study Unveils Shocking A recent study reveals that 60% of infant and toddler foods in the U.S. do not meet nutritional recommendations, and none adhere to WHO promotional guidelines, raising concerns about the health impact on young children. The research highlights significant deficiencies in protein and excesses in sugar and sodium, particularly in popular baby food pouches.

Misleading marketing practices exacerbate the issue, creating a false sense of healthfulness among parents. With childhood obesity rates rising, the study underscores the urgent need for stricter regulations and better guidance in the infant food market to protect children’s health. https://bit.ly/3WVzQRx

The Most Anti-Inflammatory Foods You Can Eat to Improve Energy, Mood, and Sleep

Cross-Cultural Assessment of Healthy Eating in Preschoolers: A Report Card Analysis

Inflammation is a natural immune response, but chronic inflammation from stress can lead to health problems and worsen emotional eating habits. Adopting an anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, poultry, nuts, and seeds can help mitigate these effects.

This study adopted the International Healthy Eating Report Card for Preschool-Aged Children to assess healthy eating behaviours and favourable family home food environments (FHFEs) across Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the US. Involving 2059 parent–child dyads, the study found that overall healthy eating behaviours were classified as Fair (“C−”), while FHFEs were rated as Good (“B+”). Australia scored higher than Singapore and the US, with Hong Kong also scoring higher than Singapore.

Foods high in antioxidants, magnesium, and phytonutrients, such as avocados, berries, and garlic, can reduce inflammation and improve energy, mood, and sleep.

Consistent consumption of these foods https://bit.ly/46TerNz Image Credits: Getty Images

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There’s No Reason to Avoid Seed Oils and Plenty of ReaDespite the controversy surrounding seed oils like canola and sunflower, experts argue they are not harmful and can be beneficial. Seed oils contain omega-6 fatty acids essential for reducing bad cholesterol and lowering heart disease risk.

Image Credits: repinanatoly_iStock via Getty Images

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HYROX: Top 10 Must-Know Facts

FITNESS

Images Credits: GymGuyz

Personal Training Franchise Grows to Address Increasing Demand

Image Credits: Businesswire

New BowFlex and Horizon Treadmills Offer Enhanced Fitness App Connectivity BowFlex and Horizon Fitness have launched the BowFlex T9 and Horizon Fitness 7.0AT treadmills, designed for runners, joggers, and walkers. These models feature Rapid Sync™ Technology, QuickDial™ controls, and expansive fitness app compatibility, including Apple Watch connectivity. The T9 offers a 22” x 60” running space, while the 7.0AT includes a 20” x 60” area. Both treadmills come with reinforced cushioning, motorized incline, speed options, and high-contrast LCD screens.

With seamless integration to fitness apps, these treadmills allow users to track metrics via Apple Watch or Samsung Health. https://bit.ly/3z16tVQ

The future of personal training is bright, with the Bureau of Labor Statistics projecting a 14% growth in fitness trainer employment from 2022 to 2032, creating about 69,000 jobs annually. Gen Z and Millennials, aged 20-40, are driving this demand, eager to embrace wellness-focused lifestyles.

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

HYROX is a global fitness competition that caters to all levels, from beginners to elite athletes. Events feature multiple categories, including Individual Open, Pro, and Relay, allowing athletes to compete in a suitable division. With no time limit, participants can complete the course at their own pace, making it accessible to a wide range of competitors.

Minimal gear is needed—just appropriate clothing and running shoes.

While the event can be demanding, particularly with over 8km of running and functional exercises, participants can tailor their effort level. HYROX is low-risk, especially with proper footwear and careful training, and timing chips ensure accurate race results. https://bit.ly/3z16tVQ

Transform Your Workout Routine with the FICTOR Music

GymGuyz, an in-home mobile personal training franchise founded by Josh York, has rapidly expanded, offering services across three countries. To meet market demands, they’ve introduced new services like Assisted Stretching Sessions and opened a personal training studio in Melville, New York, while forming significant B2B partnerships to sustain growth.

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The FICTOR music boxing machine features Bluetooth for music integration, three play modes, and adjustable sound and speed settings.

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WOMEN HEALTH

CDC: Rising Prenatal Care Gap for Pregnant Women The number of women going through pregnancy without prenatal care is rising, despite a decrease in overall U.S. births, according to the CDC. This trend might be linked to reduced access to OB/GYN care following the Roe v. Wade decision in 2022.

Image Credits: Josep Suria_Shutterstock. com

Image Credits: Thedrum

Menopause Marketing: Balancing Innovation and The ASA recently banned ads from two supplement brands making unsupported menopause claims, raising concerns about the exploitation of women’s fears. As menopause becomes a prominent topic in women’s health, there’s a risk of opportunistic marketing and misleading products.

GenM is addressing this by partnering with brands to ensure that menopause products are properly vetted. Their ‘MTick’ helps identify reliable products, while retailers like Morrisons and Boots are adding menopause-specific signage to aid women in finding genuine solutions.

https://bit.ly/3X7v9Fx

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

https://nbcnews.to/46WLlwH

Eggs Linked to Slower Cognitive Decline in Women A recent study in Nutrients found that egg consumption may help maintain cognitive function, particularly semantic memory, in older women, without adverse effects in either sex. Using data from the Rancho Bernardo Study, researchers assessed cognitive function in 890 participants, finding that increased egg consumption was linked to less decline in verbal fluency for women.

This suggests that eggs could be beneficial for cognitive health in older women. Despite no significant effects for men or on other cognitive measures, the study highlights the potential of eggs as a cost-effective approach to support cognitive function. Future research should explore these findings further with diverse populations and longer follow-up. https://bit.ly/4dBBgro

Image Credits: The crimson white

Men Shouldn’t Dictate Menstruation The recent University of California Berkeley study revealed toxic metals like lead and arsenic in tampons, which pose health risks with long-term exposure. Despite the FDA’s stance on their safety, the findings stress the need for better women’s health research and safer products.

Women should consider alternatives such as organic tampons or menstrual cups and be vigilant about product safety. Local, ethical production could also address these safety concerns, ensuring that women’s health is prioritized over profit and aesthetics. https://bit.ly/4dBBrmy

Credits: Freepik

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Genetic Profiling Boosts Precision Medicine in Prostate Cancer Treatment

MEN HEALTH

Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer benefit more from second-generation hormone drugs than chemotherapy, though effectiveness varies with tumor mutations. The ProBio study by Karolinska Institutet reveals these drugs, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, outperform chemotherapy in response duration and survival.

Imagine Credits: Rebecca Smith

Transforming Birth Control: The Impact of the Male Pill New male contraceptives are nearing release, including a daily pill and a hormonal gel.

The pill, YCT29, promises high effectiveness and reversibility, shifting the contraception burden from women to men.

The gel, applied daily to the shoulders, also shows promising results with fewer side effects compared to traditional female methods.

Matthew Treviño, a study participant, reports positive effects and increased libido, while his partner, Emily Fletcher, had to stop using her IUD. With growing interest and support for male contraceptives, future options may provide a more equitable distribution of contra-

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

https://bit.ly/3YVApgI

Images Credits: Unilad

Understanding Penis Enlargement: Effective Methods and Common Misconceptions Penis enlargement is a popular topic, but many methods, like pumps, offer only temporary results by increasing blood flow.

Traction devices may provide a more lasting solution, potentially adding up to two inches, though they require consistent use over several months.

HPV Vaccination Gaps Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Men who have sex with men, especially those with HIV, face increased risks for anal dysplasia and cancer.

Despite the HPV vaccine’s role in preventing such cancers, over half of gay men in San Francisco have not received it, according to a study presented at #AIDS2024. The researchers recommend that healthcare providers verify vaccination status and offer the vaccine to unvaccinated individuals, particularly those who are older or living with HIV.

Dr. Jen Caudle highlighted that the average penis size is 3.6 inches flaccid and 5.17 inches erect, indicating that size is often overemphasized.

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GERONTOLOGY & Opinion: Billionaires Invest in Anti- Scientists Discover Longevity LIFE EXTENSION -Aging Drugs for Longevity Gene: Extending Human LiThe longevity market offers high-return potential due to the aging global population, projected to significantly grow by 2050. In 2023, the market was valued at $71.6 billion and could reach $120.4 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.9%.

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One Habit Every 50+ Shoul Bryan Johnson Claims Longevity Pill Extended German Shepherd’s Life in New Video d Stop Immediately Bryan Johnson’s recent social media update about a “longevity pill” that extended a German Shepherd’s life has gained significant attention, with over 350,000 views and 3,200 likes.

He stated that the pill stabilizes telomeres and will soon undergo human trials.

Public reactions vary, with some expressing excitement about the potential for extended life, while others are skeptical or intrigued by the prospect of volunteering for trials. The pill has already been tested on German Shepherds by Suncoast Rescue.

https://bit.ly/4dIEJUS

Billionaire investors like Jeff Bezos and Peter Thiel are driving advances in longevity research, supporting startups like Altos Labs and Unity Biotechnology. Technologies such as AI-driven drug discovery and cellular reprogramming are set to revolutionize aging research, though they face significant risks and regulatory challenges. https://on.mktw.net/472LtLe Images Credits: Getty Images

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

fespan

Scientists have discovered a gene that produces high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA), which promotes cellular repair and reduces aging. The University of Rochester’s team, studying naked mole rats, found these rodents live longer and resist age-related diseases due to high levels of HMW-HA. https://bit.ly/3AA3O66

Scientists Transfer Longevity Gene to Extend Lifespan Scientists recently made a groundbreaking discovery at the University of Rochester, identifying a longevity gene that enhances cellular repair and reduces aging effects. The research, led by Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov, focuses on transferring this gene, responsible for producing high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA), from naked mole rats to mice. This transfer resulted in a 4.4% increase in lifespan, better protection against tumors, and reduced inflammation.

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PSYCHOLOGY

Images Credits: Alyssa Stone_Northeastern University

Strategies for Making Friends in College: Expert Tips First-year college students often worry about making friends as they adjust to campus life.

Alexandra Rodman from Northeastern University highlights that this transition involves significant changes and can be anxiety-provoking. Since all new students are in the same situation, they should embrace social risks and approach others openly. Mark Prokosch adds that loneliness is common but temporary if small efforts to connect, like getting a classmate’s number, are made.

Roommates can be a great source of friendship, especially when they come from diverse backgrounds, according to Analia Albuja. Being intentional about forming friendships through consistent

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Understanding the Neurological and Psychological Effects of Common Experiences

Sports Psychology: Boosting Female Athletes’ Performance and Success

Our emotions and behaviors are deeply intertwined with neurological and psychological processes. For instance, falling in love creates effects similar to cocaine use, demonstrating the profound impact of romantic feelings on the brain. Adrenaline causes the sensation of butterflies in the stomach, while convincing ourselves of a good night’s sleep can trick our brain into feeling rested. Digital communication also affects how we express ourselves, with 90% of people admitting to texting things they would avoid saying face-to-face.

The United States female athletes excelled in the Paris 2024 Olympics, securing 67 medals, including 26 golds, making it the first gender-equal Olympics. Their achievements spotlight the critical balance between physical and psychological strength. Clinical psychologist Dr. Joshua Klapow emphasizes that addressing psychological challenges and societal pressures is essential for peak athletic performance, particularly for female athletes who face unique gender-based expectations. https://bit.ly/4dCsBoC

Moreover, feeling ignored triggers a chemical response akin to physical pain, and rejection is processed similarly to physical discomfort by the brain. Suppressing feelings can intensify emotions, and closing your eyes can aid memory recall. The honesty associated with having a crush, coupled with the tendency of those with low self-esteem to criticize others, highlights the complex relationship between self-perception and behavior.

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TWIS 06-13 APR 24

How a Psych Professor Overcame Laziness and How You Can Change Your Personality Too Personality change is possible, contrary to the belief that we are stuck with our inherent traits. Research and personal stories, like that of Shannon Sauer-Zavala, show that small, deliberate actions and shifts in mindset can lead to significant changes over time.

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COMING UP NEXT

ALMANAC & ANIVERSARY Here’s a more concise summary: August 18 1868: Helium discovered by Pierre Janssen during a solar eclipse.

1774: Birth of Meriwether Lewis, leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

1960: First successful solar cell demonstrated.

August 19 1646: Birth of John Flamsteed, first Astronomer Royal of England.

1981: Discovery of the first exoplanet system around a pulsar.

August 20 1977: Launch of Voyager 2, now in interstellar space.

1883: Eruption of Krakatoa begins.

August 21 1883 Tornado in Rochester, Minnesota, leads to founding of Mayo Clinic.

1932: Birth of physicist Melvin Schwartz, Nobel laureate.

2017: Total solar eclipse across the U.S. August 22 1963: NASA’s X-15 sets altitude record.

1920: Birth of Ray Bradbury, science fiction author.

1989: Voyager 2 discovers Neptune’s first ring.

August 23 1966: First photo of Earth from the Moon taken.

1741: Birth of explorer Jean-François de Galaup.

- **2000**: First draft of the human genome completed.

August 24

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2006: Pluto reclassified as a dwarf planet.

1899: Birth of Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine writer.

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New Carnivorous Dinosaur with Unique ‘Eyebrow’ Revealed

ARCHEOLOGY

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Paleontologists have unveiled a new dinosaur species, *Alpkarakush kyrgyzicus*, from southwestern Kyrgyzstan, featuring a distinct protruding eyebrow bone. The species, dating back to the Middle Jurassic period, is notable for being the first diagnosable theropod from Central Asia.

Image Credits: NASA, with inset created

by Elizabeth Howell

Protecting Archaeological Sites with Satellites A new study suggests using satellite imagery to monitor and stabilize vulnerable underground heritage sites impacted by climate change. Focused on Alexandria, Egypt, the study highlights the increasing risks to ancient structures like the Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa due to flash floods, heavy rain, and rising sea levels.

Satellite tools, including ground-penetrating radar and gravity-based measurements, can track subterranean movements and water, aiding in the protection of these sites. While satellite imagery can be costly, archived data from sources like Landsat and the Corona series offer valuable insights for assessing climate change impacts on archaeological sites.

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Teymareh Petroglyphs: Major Rock Art Collection at Risk from Mining Teymareh, Iran, is home to 21,000 petroglyphs that are up to 40,000 years old. These rock carvings represent a wide range of animals, plants, and activities but remain unprotected and neglected.

Local efforts, such as those by Rasoul Majidi of the Teymareh Friends Association, have sought to raise awareness. Despite their work, mining operations threaten the site, underscoring the urgent need for a national preservation strategy.

Unearthed in 2006 and 2023, the fossils include key bones and 3D models available online for global research.

This discovery fills a significant gap in our understanding of Jurassic theropods and their evolutionary history. https://bit.ly/4dUZtZI

Spears Were Planted, Not Thrown, to Kill Charging Mammoths Clovis points, identifiable by their fluted scars, were studied by UC Berkeley researchers to understand their role in Ice Age hunting. Contrary to traditional beliefs, evidence suggests these points were likely used braced against the ground rather than thrown.

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SPACE EXPLORASpaceX to Send Four Civilians on a TION & COSMOL- Pioneering Spacewalking Mission OGY

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Japan’s Astroscale Wins Major Contract for Space Junk Harvesting with Robotic Arm Astroscale has secured a ¥12,000 million ($81.4 million) contract with JAXA to remove space debris using its ADRAS-J2 satellite, which features a robotic arm for capturing and deorbiting the upper stage of a 2009 H-IIA rocket. This mission, the second phase of the Commercial Removal of Debris Demonstration (CRD2), follows a successful initial phase where Astroscale’s earlier ADRAS-J satellite analyzed and imaged the debris. https://bit.ly/47glJex

Scientists Develop Lunar’ Time Zone’ for Space Missions

Australian research reveals that dedicating just 15 minutes a day to exercise can significantly impact health and well-being.

In the study of 11,575 workers using the 15 Minute Challenge app, weekly physical activity increased by an average of 85 minutes, resulting in improved physical fitness, energy, general health, sleep quality, and mood.

As space agencies and private companies prepare for lunar exploration, they face the challenge of accurately tracking time on the moon due to its weaker gravitational field, which causes atomic clocks to run faster than on Earth. While seemingly minor, this discrepancy can disrupt essential timing for communication and navigation.

The app, which turns exercise into a competitive game, helped 95% of participants meet or exceed recommended physical activity guidelines. This model suggests that small changes to exercise routines can lead to significant health benefits, especially when introduced in an accessible and engaging way.

https://bit.ly/4czgeZi

https://bit.ly/3ME71EF Image credits: earth.com

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

World’s First Greenhouse-Gas-Detecting Satellite Now in Orbit The Tanager-1 mission, launched by SpaceX in August 2024, represents a milestone in the fight against climate change, as it is the first advanced satellite dedicated to monitoring greenhouse gas emissions such as methane and carbon dioxide with unprecedented precision.

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Heating Limestone: A Major CO₂ Culprit in Construction

ENGINEERING, ROBOTS, IT

Image Credits: Pete Ryan

Image Credits: Andriy Onufriyenko_Getty Images

The Case for a Clean Energy Marshall Plan: A Path to Global Leadership and Sustainability

Ultra-Thin Solar ‘Coating’ Can Transform Everyday Objects into Mini Power Generators

The ‘Marshall Plan for Clean Energy proposal aims to reflect the historic success of the original 1948 plan by offering a strategy to tackle the climate crisis and strengthen the US’s global position. Amid geopolitical tensions and environmental challenges, this modern plan would incentivize the global transition to clean energy technologies, supporting developing countries with capital and technology while boosting innovation and domestic economic growth in the US.

Researchers have developed an ultrathin flexible solar panel, only one micrometer thick, that can be applied to everyday objects like cell phone covers and electric cars, turning them into portable energy generators.

Utilizing perovskite structures, this panel achieves an efficiency of 27% in converting sunlight, surpassing the 22% efficiency of conventional silicon panels. The innovation promises to reduce the need for large solar power plants, making energy generation practical and accessible while the technology advances towards potentially exceeding 45% efficiency.

https://fam.ag/3X0rZC5

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Cement, a key component of concrete, is responsible for about 7-8% of global CO₂ emissions due to the heating of limestone, which releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide. The complex logistics of cement production and transportation further compound this environmental impact.

Recognizing these challenges, initiatives such as the Concrete Innovation Summit aim to accelerate the development of clean cement technologies and alternative materials. https://on.doi.gov/4dCkXdX

Helium Mobile Launches Crypto Payment Options for Phone Plans Helium Mobile has partnered with Sphere to offer new cryptocurrency payment options for its annual phone plans, leveraging the Solana blockchain for a seamless transaction experience. This integration allows new subscribers to pay with a variety of supported cryptocurrencies, expanding beyond the previous option of using MOBILE tokens for prepayment. Since its May 2023 launch, Helium Mobile has grown rapidly, becoming the largest U.S. Image Credits: Freepik

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Is It Even Possible to Be a “Perfect Mom”?

PARENTING & RELATIONSHIPS

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Mom Who Is ‘A Product Of Gentle Parenting’ Shares How It Shaped Her Life Gentle parenting is often misunderstood as permissive, but it involves firm boundaries with empathy. Audi Ferrin, raised with this approach, reflects on how it shaped her life, describing herself as mentally healthy and attributing her positive self-view to her parents’ respectful and kind parenting.

Image credits: Klaus Vedfelt _ Getty Images

Parenting tips as a single father

Ferrin emphasizes that gentle parenting is not lax; it’s about respect and emotional awareness. Her parents were strict but always respectful, which provided her with a stable sense of self and guides her in raising her own children with the same values.

Eliud Mungai became a single father after his wife passed away shortly after their son’s birth.

He faced numerous challenges while raising his four children, particularly navigating a society that often views single fathers through a critical lens. Eliud learned to adapt, even tackling tasks like diaper changes in unconventional settings, while feeling the weight of societal expectations.

Despite the difficulties, Eliud emphasizes the importance of prioritizing his children’s well-being over superficial pursuits. ever made.

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TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Modern mothers often feel pressured to be perfect, believing they must meet every need to raise decent children. However, British pediatrician Donald Winnicott’s concept of the “good enough mother” suggests that perfection is neither necessary nor beneficial. Small parental imperfections actually help children build resilience and prepare for real-world disappointments. Mothers should embrace the idea that they don’t need to be flawless. By letting go of unrealistic expectations, they can reduce stress and foster happier, more resilient children, making for a more joyful parenting experience. https://bit.ly/4cE09RZ

How Gentle Parenting Shaped My Life: Insights from a Mom Raised with Empathy and Respect Audi Ferrin’s experience as a product of gentle parenting underscores the profound influence this approach has had on her life. Raised with respect and empathy, Ferrin developed a healthy self-view and emotional intelligence, which she now applies to parenting.

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INVESTIMENT & FINANCE

Image Credits: Nasdaq

How to Spot a Friend That Doesn’t Have Your Best Interest at Heart Identifying a friend who genuinely has your best interest at heart involves observing several vital traits. Such a friend actively listens, is honest and trustworthy, acts selflessly, is consistent in their behavior, and respects your boundaries.

Genuine friends offer emotional support, contribute to your personal growth, and foster a stable, positive relationship.

In contrast, more self-serving individuals may exhibit deceit, manipulation, inconsistency, or a lack of respect for their needs.

Recognizing these differences helps you maintain healthy, fulfilling relationships and avoid emotional distress.

https://bit.ly/3XhYSM0

Vuzix’s Z100 Smart Glasses to Power AR-Based Safety Solution

Women Fail to Spot Heightened Infidelity Risk in Benevolently Sexist Men, Study Finds

Vuzix Corporation’s Z100 Smart Glasses are being integrated into GPS Tuner’s eMobility solutions to provide a heads-up augmented reality (AR) display for eBike users to enhance safety by reducing distractions.

The Z100 Smart Glasses, introduced in January 2024, feature waveguide technology and Bluetooth connectivity, making them versatile and lightweight.

A recent study published in The Journal of Sex Research reveals that both hostile sexism, characterized by openly negative attitudes towards women, and benevolent sexism, which appears chivalrous but is patronizing, are significant predictors of infidelity in men. https://bit.ly/3WXLrzp

Despite fierce competition from tech giants like Microsoft and Alphabet, Vuzix continues to innovate, expanding its AR product portfolio and forming strategic partnerships, which positions it as a critical player in the AR industry.

7 Fintech Trends Banks Should Be Watching Now and 8 More to Anticipate

https://bit.ly/3YXqnfh Image credits: Newsday

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

In 2024, the financial sector will be shaped by several emerging trends, such as the growing adoption of artificial intelligence, embedded finance, open banking, biometric authentication, alternative credit scoring, and green fintech.

These innovations are redefining the banking experience while rising technologies such as DeFi, central bank digital currencies, stablecoins, and quantum computing await wider adoption.

Image credits: IDC

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RETIREMENT

How to work less, help the kids and do the job you always wanted

Embracing Retirement: A Journey to Fulfillment and Growth

TWIS 09-16 JUN 24

Retirement, though initially intimidating, often turns out to be more fulfilling than expected. Many retirees discover new passions, maintain social connections, and manage finances effectively, leading to a rewarding post-work life. https://bit.ly/3MibJHO

Through Colonial Patterns of Extractivism Self-Governance as a Sustainable Path Forward Image credits: health.harvard.edu

A healthy lifestyle late in life still offers benefits

Image credits: Simon Letch

A study from JAMA Network Open found that following healthy habits, even late in life, can help people live longer. Researchers analyzed the lifestyles of 5,222 people aged 80 and older and found that those who maintained a healthy diet, exercised regularly, and avoided smoking were most likely to reach 100.

Alex Dunnin, once a Rainmaker Information research chief and superannuation expert, expected challenges when transitioning from corporate boardrooms to teaching in a rural secondary school. However, the shift has been more overwhelming than anticipated, with Dunnin describing it as a “brain explosion.”

While the study only shows an association, it suggests that continuing healthy habits in later years can offer life-prolonging benefits. Key factors included a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fish, regular exercise, and not smoking.

Despite the unexpected difficulties, Dunnin remains committed to his new career, viewing it as an opportunity to contribute to the next generation and grow personally. He’s determined to adapt and succeed in this entirely different environment.

https://bit.ly/3Z1kIVl

https://bit.ly/3MicpwQ

The Arctic’s rapid warming has driven a shift towards sustainable energy solutions, but these efforts often clash with Indigenous rights. Protests against projects like the Coastal GasLink Pipeline in Canada and wind turbines in Norway highlight the ongoing struggle between energy development and Indigenous communities’ rights. Renewable energy technologies require resources like copper, leading to further conflicts.

For example, a controversial copper mine in Norway threatens Saami reindeer herding and the environment, continuing the pattern of colonialism disguised as climate action.

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Employment & Conferences, Books, Films , Recommendation

EMPLOYMENT & CONFERENCES

FILMS

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A young programmer is selected to participate in a ground-breaking experiment in synthetic intelligence by evaluating the human qualities of a highly advanced humanoid A.I.

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BOOKS

In this illuminating book, the renowned theoretical physicist Lee Smolin argues that fundamental physics -- the search for the laws of nature -- losing its way. Ambitious ideas about extra dimensions, exotic particles, multiple universes, and strings have captured the public’s imagination -- and the imagination of experts. But these ideas have not been tested experimentally, and some, like string theory, seem to offer no possibility of being tested. Yet these speculations dominate the field, attracting the best talent and much of the funding and creating a climate in which emerging physicists are often penalized for pursuing other avenues. As Smolin points out, the situation threatens to impede the very progress of science. With clarity, passion, and authority, Smolin offers an unblinking assessment of the troubles that face modern physics -- and an encouraging view of where the search for the next big idea may lead.

Recommendations:

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Short Video: The 100 Year Journey to Proxima Centauri B (Sci-Fi Documentary) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4sYJfPw0Rk

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