TWIS - Vol 1: ISSUE 10

INSIDE

TWIS SCIENCE THIS WEEK IN

Nanoparticles Make At-Home Stress Testing Possible

DIVE AND FIND

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NASA Finds New Global Energy Field Around Earth

New Device Could Let Anyone Check For Microplastics In Water

Artificial Intelligence Revolutionizes Gene Mutation Prediction in Lung Cancer: DeepGEM Unveiled at IASLC 2024 07-14 SEP 24

Wearable Device Eases Pain and Depression in 40 Minutes

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This Week in Science

Mobile Phones, Applied Science, Automotive

iPhone 16 Pro: Apple’s Game-Changing Evolution

Image Credits: Canvas

Apple’s upcoming iPhone 16 Pro models set to redefine the “Pro” title.

With larger display sizes—6.3 inches for the Pro and 6.9 inches for the Pro Max—the phones will offer a more immersive experience without increasing the physical size, thanks to thinner bezels. These minimal bezels reduce the screen border by 30%, making the devices feel only slightly bigger while maintaining the same thickness.

A notable feature returning from the iPhone 15 Pro is the action button, now joined by a new capture button.

Positioned just below the side button, this capture button provides enhanced control over photo and video functions, featuring pressure sensitivity to trigger autofocus or capture images. The camera app will likely receive substantial updates to support these hardware enhancements.

Apple is also stepping up the iPhone 16 Pro’s camera capabilities. Both models will come equipped with a 48-megapixel main camera, an ultra-wide lens, and the previously exclusive Tetra Prism telephoto lens, offering up to 5x optical and 25x digital zoom. A new Desert Titanium or Gold Titanium color also expected, marking this year’s signature look.

Under the hood, the iPhone 16 Pro powered by Apple’s fastest chip yet, the A18 Pro. With improved performance and better thermal management, this chip will support the increased demands of Apple’s expanding AI features. Complementing the chip, a stacked battery will extend the phone’s lifespan and enable faster charging, reaching 40W wired and 20W MagSafe speeds.

Iphone 16 and Iphone 16 Plus The iPhone 16 and 16 Plus models are also receiving significant upgrades, borrowing features from last year’s Pro models. These include the dynamic island, action button, and a capture button for enhanced photo and video experiences. The camera module arranged vertically, enabling spatial video capture, a nod to future Vision Pro integration.

Available in vibrant new colors like blue, pink, and green, the base models will feature the A18 chip, faster RAM, and Apple’s updated neural

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engine for enhanced AI functionality. Despite being base models, the iPhone 16 and 16 Plus offer more Prolike features than ever before, making them appealing choices for most users.

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Watch: YangWang Hypercar Leaps into the Air and Spins in Place

Image Credits: YangWang

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This Week in Science

Automotive, Astronomy

The YangWang U9 is surprisingly affordable for a 1,287-horsepower electric hypercar, priced at about $236,000. It features a ‘DiSus’ active suspension system that can propel the car into the air or allow it to perform a “tank turn” by rotating on the spot.

The whimsically named YangWang is the luxury and premium performance division of BYD, China’s largest automaker. BYD, now the world’s 9th largest automaker by volume according to Focus2Move, has achieved 1.9 million sales year-to-date as of yesterday, marking a substantial 24.33% increase from last year. According to a recent ABI Research report, BYD has also become the leading electric vehicle manufacturer globally.

Sleek Design and Performance of the YangWang U9 Released late last year, the YangWang U9 began production last month.

While it boasts a sleek design with stylish scissor doors, it doesn’t aim to compete with the fastest in terms of acceleration (2.36 seconds from 0-100 km/h, or 0-62 mph) or top speed (electronically limited to 300 km/h, or 186 mph).

However, high horsepower, rapid acceleration, and impressive performance metrics are becoming somewhat mundane in the growing electric supercar market. The electric

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powertrain lacks the allure of traditional engines, and competition is increasingly fierce.

ning so quickly on loose surfaces that you might want to keep sick bags nearby.

The car isn’t jumping high enough to be practically useful—there’s no special button to help navigate potholes or obstacles, and bouncing while driving could lead to an awkward outcome. Instead, this feature primarily showcases the capabilities of the suspension system, though it’s still impressive.

So fast, in fact, that Rivian chose not to include it as an option on their production models, fearing it would disrupt too much dirt and contradict the company’s ‘Tread Lightly’ philosophy, according to Green Car Reports.

Enhanced Stability Through Active Suspension In practical terms, the active suspension is designed to handle acceleration forces and maintain stability. It raises the rear end during acceleration, the front during braking, and adjusts the outside wheel in corners to reduce body roll, all while ensuring good tire contact with the road.

Despite its limited practical use, the system is entertaining to watch, whether it’s bouncing around like a hydraulic-equipped El Camino or spinning in place with a “tank turn,” reminiscent of Michael Jackson’s moves.

Tank turns are achievable for any electric vehicle capable of precisely distributing substantial torque to each wheel at different rates. For instance, Rivian’s off-road electric 4WDs can perform similar maneuvers, spin-

It seems BYD and YangWang don’t share the same reservations, as shown by a striking video of six YangWang U8 SUVs spinning together— on pavement rather than loose soil.

It would definitely be an impressive

Elon Musk Aims to Launch the First Starships to Mars by 2026

Image Credits: Artist’s concept of Starship entering the Martian atmosphere. SpaceX

SpaceX founder Elon Musk announced that the first Starship spacecraft will head to Mars within two years, with crewed missions following in 2028. This effort is part of his broad-

er vision to make humanity an interplanetary species.

Musk is known for making bold predictions that occasionally come true, sometimes arrive late, and sometimes fade into obscurity. For every Tesla electric supercar, there’s a Cybertruck.

For every hyperloop, well, there’s still a hyperloop. And for every Falcon 9, there’s a robotaxi.

Despite his supersonic transcontinental transportation idea evolving into an electric car traveling through a tunnel under Las Vegas, Musk occasionally hits the mark. He transformed the electric car from a basic vehicle into a high-performance one. Not only did he create a rocket capable of reaching orbit and landing upright, but he also revolutionized the space launch industry in the process.

Musk’s Ambitious Rocket Plans Capture Attention as Mars Mission Nears Now, Musk is test-flying the largest and most powerful rocket ever built, with plans to make its flights as frequent as commercial airliners. So, when he talks about going to Mars, it draws more attention than in 2014, when he casually promised to land humans on Mars in a Dragon capsule within a decade.

“The first Starships to Mars will launch in two years when the next EarthMars transfer window opens,” Musk shared in a post on X (formerly TwitPage. 3

This Week in Science

Astronomy, Biology

ter) on September 7, 2024.

“These initial missions will be uncrewed to test the reliability of landing safely on Mars,” Musk explained.

“If those landings are successful, the first crewed flights will follow in four years.”

He continued, “The flight frequency will increase rapidly, aiming to establish a self-sustaining city within about 20 years. Becoming a multiplanetary species will greatly extend the probable lifespan of consciousness, as we won’t have all our ‘eggs,’ both literally and biologically, on one planet.”

Celestial Mechanics Align Perfectly for Mars Missions From a celestial mechanics perspective, the timing makes sense. Earth and Mars align for optimal travel every 26 months, with the next window for the 259-day journey in 2026, and 2028 also being a favorable year.

In terms of technology, Starship has made significant strides over the past year, with a fifth test flight planned soon. If everything goes smoothly, both stages of Starship will return to the launch site, where giant metal arms will catch them, allowing for quick refurbishment before the next flight.

Musk’s long-term goal is to create a fleet of 1,000 ships to build a colony on Mars, requiring at least 10 launches per day to assemble and fuel the fleet.

Meanwhile, SpaceX’s contract with

way to maneuver these large vehicles out of a tight parking space.

Food Dye Makes Live Mice Transparent

The dye that gives foods, drugs, and cosmetics a lemon yellow color can also make mice transparent, as illustrated in this generative image

Researchers at Stanford University have found that applying a common food dye to the skin of mice enables biologists to see through to the animals’ internal organs and structures, enhancing their research capabilities.

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A major challenge in viewing the internal structures of living animals is that the protein and fat in their skin efficiently scatter light, making it opaque. However, Stanford researchers found that applying tartrazine, commonly known as FD&C Yellow 5, reduced this scattering.

The dye absorbs light in the near-ultraviolet and blue spectrum, allowing red and orange light to penetrate deeper into the tissue, effectively making the mice’s skin transparent.

The transparency was easily reversed when the dye was washed off.

By applying the dye to the abdomens of mice, the researchers were able to observe neurons tagged with fluorescent markers in real time, revealing gut motility. This technique could improve understanding of digestive conditions like IBS. They also applied the dye to the mice’s skulls and hindlimbs, allowing them to see cerebral blood vessels and muscle activity.

Scientists have methods to examine tissues and bodies of humans and animals, but these often involve biopsies “Our approach … offers opportunities or are limited to postmortem studies. to visualize the structure, activity, and functions of deep-seated tissues and organs without needing surgical The ability to observe inside a living removal or replacing overlying tisorganism provides researchers with sues with transparent windows,” the a valuable tool to study biological researchers explain. processes in real time, advancing their work. This approach is also more New Dye Method Enables Transparhumane, as it avoids causing pain or ency in a Wider Range of Animals death to animal subjects.

This discovery could broaden the Overcoming Light Scattering in Living range of animals used in research. In a commentary published in Science, Animals Christopher J. Rowlands and Jon

Gorecki, who were not involved in the study, note that species like zebrafish and nematodes are often chosen because of their naturally transparent skin, which allows for easy observation of internal processes.

However, with this new dye-based method, nearly any animal could temporarily become transparent, giving researchers an inside view.

Rowlands and Gorecki also highlight the importance of this breakthrough.

“Based on these findings,” they write, “it is plausible to anticipate a tenfold improvement in imaging depth with sufficient dye penetration. This could enable advances like multiphoton imaging of an entire mouse brain or detecting tumors around blood vessels located beneath tissues several centimeters thick using optical coherence tomography catheters.”

Nanowarming Technique Revolutionizes Organ Transplantation

Safely rewarming frozen organs using magnetic heat could mean donor organs can be preserved for longer Depositphotos Page. 4

This Week in Science

Healthcare, Astronomy

A new two-step method that utilizes nanoscale magnetic rods to safely rewarm frozen tissues could improve the long-term preservation of donor organs. This technique offers an alternative to existing time-restricted methods and opens the door to more life-saving transplants.

Vitrification allows for long-term, damage-free preservation of organs by keeping fluids in a glass-like, amorphous state, unlike conventional freezing that turns liquids into crystalline ice. However, uniform and rapid heating is essential to prevent ice crystal formation.

Researchers from the Universities of Minnesota and California, Riverside, have developed a two-step method to safely and quickly thaw and rewarm organs using nanoscale magnetic rods.

Innovative Method Uses Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Rapidly Thaw Frozen Tissues with Magnetic Field-Induced Heating Their approach involves iron oxide nanoparticles, which, when exposed to an alternating magnetic field, generate enough heat to rapidly thaw animal tissues stored at -238 °F (-150 °C) in a cryoprotective solution.

The process works by creating eddy currents in the electrically conductive iron oxide, which produce resistive heating due to the resistance en-

countered by these currents at the material’s surface.

Although the initial experiment succeeded, the researchers were worried that uneven distribution of nanoparticles in the tissues could create localized ‘hotspots,’ potentially causing tissue damage and toxicity from the melted cryoprotective agent. To address this, they introduced a second step.

Enhanced Method Uses Magnetic Fields to Safely Rewarm Frozen Tissues with Silicon-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles The researchers applied their enhanced method to animal tissues submerged in a solution with silicon-coated iron oxide (Fe3O4@SiO2) nanoparticles and a cryoprotective agent, which were then frozen with liquid nitrogen. They used an alternating magnetic field to quickly rewarm the tissues, as in the previous experiment. However, this time, as the samples neared the cryoprotective agent’s melting point, they introduced a horizontal magnetic field to disrupt and realign the nanoparticles, thereby reducing the rate of heat production.

The researchers observed that heating slowed most in tissue areas with higher nanoparticle concentrations, addressing their concerns about potential damaging hotspots. When

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they tested the two-step process on pig carotid arteries, over 80% of the cells remained viable after a few minutes of rewarming, indicating that the method is both quick and safe.

With over 100,000 people currently on the US organ transplant waitlist and a new addition every eight minutes, the researchers believe their method’s precise control over tissue rewarming could enhance long-term organ preservation and increase the number of life-saving transplants.

Elon Musk Aims to Launch the First Starships to Mars by 2026

largest moon but the largest in the solar system, even surpassing the size of Mercury. Since Pioneer 10’s visit in December 1973, subsequent missions have revealed that Ganymede is the only moon with a magnetic field, has an outer layer of ice, and may harbor a vast ocean beneath its frozen surface that could potentially support life.

Mysterious Concentric Rings One unique feature of Ganymede has puzzled scientists: its surface is marked by concentric rings, dating back to the moon’s early history, that span entire regions. These rings converge at a point located at 21° S 179° W, thought to be the site of a massive asteroid impact around four billion years ago.

The impact that shattered Ganymede didn’t leave a clear crater because it essentially splashed the surface, which then quickly filled in the resulting hole.

Here’s where it gets fascinating.

Ganymede with the impact site approximately in the center

Four billion years ago, an asteroid larger than the one that ended the age of dinosaurs may have struck the largest moon in our solar system, Ganymede, knocking it off its axis and causing it to crack like an egg.

Discovered by Galileo in 1610 while experimenting with his new telescope, Ganymede is not only Jupiter’s

Ancient Impact Tilted Ganymede Off Its Axis Planetologist Hirata Naoyuki from Kobe University in Japan explains that the impact didn’t just fracture Ganymede—it caused a gravitational imbalance that knocked the moon off-kilter, tilting it on its axis. Originally near the north pole, the impact site has since shifted to the southern midlatitudes due to this tilt.

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This Week in Science

Astronomy, Computer & Electronics, Assistive Tech

Positioned South of Ganymede’s Tidal Axis Even more intriguing, the impact site lies just south of Ganymede’s tidal axis. Like Earth’s Moon, Ganymede is tidally locked to Jupiter, always showing the same side to the planet.

The location of the impact site, just south of the farthest point on the side facing away from Jupiter, suggests it acts as a kind of counterbalance.

Using computer simulations and comparing the Ganymede impact to similar ones on Pluto and Jupiter’s moon Callisto, Hirata estimated the object that struck Ganymede was about 300 km (190 miles) in diameter and 20 times heavier than the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. It also temporarily created a crater 1,400 to 1,600 km (870 to 990 miles) wide.

“I want to understand the origin and evolution of Ganymede and other Jupiter moons,” said Hirata. “This giant impact likely played a major role in Ganymede’s early development, but its thermal and structural effects on the moon’s interior haven’t been explored yet. I believe future research could delve into the internal evolution of icy moons.”

Triple-Screen Laptop Merges Immersive Experience with Portability

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“limitless workspace,” the TriMax Pro features a central 16-inch display with 10.5-inch screens on each side. Each display has a resolution of 1920 x 1280, but the side screens are oriented in portrait mode (1280 x 1920). The IPS screens offer a brightness of up to 400 nits.

The TriMax Pro is targeted at multitaskers and gamers on the go

The screen size is a key factor in choosing a laptop, and many wonder if you can have a larger display without sacrificing portability. The creators of the TriMax Pro aim to offer a bigger-screen experience while maintaining the laptop’s portability.

The Windows 11 Pro laptop comes in various configurations, beginning with the “Barebones” model that includes an Intel Core i5-1235U processor, AMD Ryzen 7 7735HS graphics card, 16 GB of RAM, and a 512 GB SSD. Standard features include a 10-point touchpad, Wi-Fi 6e, Bluetooth 5.3, fingerprint recognition, dual 2.5-W speakers, and a 5-MP camera. It also offers two USB 3.2 ports, an HDMI port, and a Type-C port.

We’ve reviewed several devices aimed at expanding a laptop’s screen space, like the CrowView, S2, and Sliden’Joy. While these attachments connect to your existing laptop, the TriMax Pro offers a more integrated and streamlined solution.

Customizable Keyboard and Efficient Cooling in the TroMax Pro

Built from the ground up as a threescreen laptop, it eliminates the need for cumbersome cables and folds into a single, compact unit for easy portability.

The TroMax Pro’s creators claim that its 90 Wh battery provides up to six hours of use, depending on how it’s used. Continuing with the “triple” theme, the laptop is equipped with a “triple fan system” designed to prevent overheating, even during processor-intensive tasks like gaming or running demanding applications.

TriMax Pro Offers Extensive Display Setup with Limitations Although advertised as providing a

However, the TriMax Pro is currently running a Kickstarter campaign that has already exceeded its $5,000 goal by eight times, with two weeks left in the campaign.

Pledges start at $799 for the Barebones model (a 38% discount off the $1,299 MSRP) and go up to $1,179 for a version with 32 GB of RAM and a 2 TB SSD. As with any crowdfunding campaign, there are no guarantees, but if all goes according to plan, the TriMax Pros are expected to be shipped to backers in November 2024.

A Pig 9,000 km Away was Remotely Operated on with a Game Controller

The low-profile mechanical keyboard features detachable keycaps and adjustable backlighting, allowing users to personalize their setup.

Dr Shannon Chan, located in Hong Kong, uses a game controller to control an endoscope located in Zurich, Switzerland, over 9,000 km (5,500 miles) away Chinese University of Hong Kong

Surgeons in Switzerland successfully performed an endoscopy on a pig located 9,300 km (5,780 miles) away Page. 6

This Week in Science

Assistive Tech

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in Hong Kong using a video game controller. This achievement marks a step toward remote surgeries for humans in regions lacking local medical expertise.

Station 3 Move wand. In other tests, scientists have used a more modern PlayStation 5 controller. In other tests, scientists have used a more modern PlayStation 5 controller.

Doctors already perform many routine surgeries “remotely” to some extent—after all, they don’t physically handle colonoscopies themselves. If they can transmit a live camera feed and movement instructions within a room, why not extend it across the globe?

The experiment involved a sedated pig, where the surgeon made a full U-turn with the endoscope and collected a usable biopsy from the pig’s stomach wall. Latency was kept under 300 milliseconds, enabling the doctor to respond in near real-time.

Scientists Push Boundaries of Remote Surgery with Breakthrough Experiment In a groundbreaking study, scientists from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) and ETH Zurich successfully extended the range of remote surgery. Scientists used a robotic system and magnetic endoscope in Hong Kong, connecting them to a control console in Zurich via WebSocket protocol for real-time data transfer.

Remote Human Surgeries and Space Applications Now Within Reach The team believes this success paves the way for remote surgeries on humans. Robots are already assisting with precision surgeries in delicate areas, like the heart and eyes, and this advancement could bring specialized procedures to remote regions or even astronauts in space. The study was published in Advanced Intelligent Systems.

The Swiss surgeon watched the procedure via video feed and controlled it with a video game controller.

The surgeon in Zurich steered the magnetic endoscope, lined with magnets, by controlling an external magnetic field using an old Play-

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CLIMATE & ENVIRONMENT

Climate Change Authority chair Matt Kean rejects nuclear energy and urges the government to focus on advancing renewable energy projects.

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Climate Change Authority chair Matt Kean has urged the Albanese government to focus on expanding renewable energy sources, dismissing nuclear power as a solution for Australia’s emissions targets. https://bit.ly/4e0p6IM

Image Credits: AAP Image

Tourist hotspots are at risk due to climate change Australia’s tourism industry faces major risks from climate change, with Queensland potentially the hardest hit, according to a new report. Assessing risks from fires, floods, cyclones, and diseases, the report found that top tourist spots, including national parks, beaches, and major airports, are among the highest risk areas. It reveals that half of Australia’s tourism assets are at risk of significant climate damage, with nearly 50% of evaluated sites at very high or high risk now, potentially rising to 68% by 2050. https://bit.ly/3Xp7Iq4

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Confirming truths and busting myths on wildfire-climate change connection Canada faced its worst wildfire year on record in 2023, raising concerns about the impact of climate change on future wildfire seasons. Meteorologist Jaclyn Whittal and expert Mike Flannigan discussed the myths and scientific truths surrounding wildfires and climate change.

Flannigan, a research chair in Predictive Services, emphasized the need for better emergency management and fire science to address these growing challenges.

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Image Credits: Unsplash_Luca Baggio

Investing in clean air can both save lives and address climate change.

The UN Secretary-General is marking ‘Clean Air Day’ with a call for global investment in solutions to combat climate change and the impacts of air pollution. This year’s International Day for Clean Air and Blue Skies, observed on September 7, focuses on the theme ‘Invest in #CleanAirNow,’ highlighting the benefits of clean air. Established in 2019, the Day underscores the urgent need for clean air, with UN chief António Guterres urging immediate action to address pollution. https://bit.ly/3MH5m0N

Image Credits: pexels-tomfisk

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The AI Dilemma, Cyber Threats, and the Digital Realm: Updates on Our Strategies

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

This week’s headlines offer mixed and complementary insights into our investment themes, with notable debates on AI’s energy use and strategies for cybersecurity and digital infrastructure. AI adoption is increasing, with companies like ServiceNow and Microsoft noting its rise. AI is expected to disrupt industries, especially healthcare. https://bit.ly/3TlsFBd Image Credits: Apple

Apple unveils new iPhone 16 lineup with future AI capabilities

Image Credits: harlemworldmagazine. com

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Modern Technology

Nvidia and Microsoft face a lawsuit over AI computing technology patents

Apple unveiled the iPhone 16 lineup, highlighting new AI technology, Apple Intelligence, which will assist with tasks like photos, emails, and custom emoji creation. Siri will also be enhanced, becoming more personalized and efficient. These new AI features will be available soon.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has quickly evolved from a futuristic concept to a vital element in various technology sectors. Its integration is reshaping industries and driving innovation.

This article explores AI’s impact on technology, focusing on healthcare, finance, transportation, and daily life.

Nvidia and Microsoft were sued by Texas-based Xockets for allegedly stealing its data processor technology to enhance their AI products.

The lawsuit claims rampant patent infringement and antitrust violations, accusing the companies of colluding with RPX to lower licensing prices.

Xockets seeks triple damages and a court order to block sales of products using its patented technology.

The iPhone 16 and 16 Plus, featuring the A18 chip, start at $799, while the iPhone 16 Pro and Pro Max, equipped with the A18 Pro chip and triple camera, begin at $999. Apple also announced new Apple Watches and AirPods at various prices.

In healthcare, AI enhances medical imaging by accurately analyzing X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans, leading to early diagnosis and improved outcomes. Additionally, AI-driven predictive analytics help forecast health issues and suggest personalized treatments, boosting outcomes and lowering costs.

Image Credits: timesofindia.indiatimes.com

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ENTERTAINMENT

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Scientific rigor made enjoyable: Lumosity transforms research-based tasks into engaging games, providing actionable feedback and deep insights into your cognitive performance.

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Toyotaro talks about the long-awaited return of ‘Dragon Ball Super’ and promises more battles Toyotaro has confirmed the return of ‘Dragon Ball Super,’ promising more intense battles to delight fans. The series has been on hiatus since the death of its creator, Akira Toriyama, in March, which impacted the entire ‘Dragon Ball’ universe.

Daily mental workouts: Enjoy a new set of games each day to stay challenged, with detailed progress tracking to help you maintain your brain training routine.

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Epic Games Store free games: What’s free this week?

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Although ‘Dragon Ball Super’ has yet to resume its regular publication, 2024 will bring new developments, including the debut of ‘Dragon Ball Daima.’

Toyotaro, trusted by Toriyama himself, continues to uphold the legacy with his authentic portrayal of the beloved series.

Heritage Auctions’ Signature Auction on September 12-15, 2024, will feature a CGC 9.6 Fantastic Four #1 and a CGC VF/NM 9.0 Amazing Fantasy #15.

These high-grade, pedigreed comics are among the most valuable ever auctioned, with Fantastic Four #1 holding Heritage’s highest grade ever sold.

The auction also includes John Buscema’s original cover art for Wolve-

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COMING UP NEXT

TERM OF THE WEEK

Open Science Week at the Archeology Faculty Open Science Week 2024 To celebrate the crucial role of Open Science in scientific advancement, The Network of Open Science Communities in the Netherlands (OSC-NL) is hosting its first National Open Science Week from 23 to 27 September 2024.

Quasar: A highly luminous and energetic object believed to be powered by a supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy.

Check it out Page. 15

Solution to the previous brainteaser: The positive integer is 1.

Sum of 1 and 2000 = 1 + 2000 = 2001 Multiplication of 1 and 2000 = 1 * 2000 = 2000 Thus, the sum of 1 and 2000 is greater than the multiplication of 1 and 2000.

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This Week in Science

Experimental Physics, Physics

World’s First Nuclear Clock May Outperform Atomic Clocks

An artist’s impression of the new nuclear clock. Oliver Diekmann, TU Wien

Atomic clocks are currently the most precise timekeepers, losing only seconds over billions of years. However, nuclear clocks could potentially surpass them, enhancing GPS and internet technologies. Scientists have now developed and tested the first prototype nuclear clock.

Atomic clocks measure time by counting the vibrations of specific atoms, which are highly consistent.

For example, cesium-133 vibrates exactly 9,192,631,770 times per second, and atomic clocks use this frequency to define the length of a second. A global network of atomic clocks then synchronizes time worldwide, supporting technologies like high-speed internet, GPS, and space launches that rely on precise timekeeping.

Enhanced Precision by Focusing on Atomic Nuclei Scientists are now developing a new type of clock that promises even greater accuracy. Unlike atomic clocks, which measure the vibrations of entire atoms, nuclear clocks focus on the vibrations of just the nucleus.

While an atom is about 100,000 times larger than its nucleus—like a blueberry in a football stadium—this small scale allows for a higher frequency of “ticks” per second, breaking time into even finer increments for improved precision. Additionally, nuclear clocks are less affected by disturbances such as electromagnetism, enhancing their stability.

In both atomic and nuclear clocks, “ticking” occurs as particles switch between two quantum states when exposed to a laser of a specific frequency. However, nuclear clocks typically need a much stronger laser than atomic clocks—except when using thorium-229. The nucleus of thorium-229 has two quantum states with energy levels that are much closer together, requiring a smaller energy input to transition between them.

First Successful Switching of Thorium Nuclei Using Ultraviolet Laser In April, researchers at JILA successfully determined the precise energy

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difference between these states and switched thorium nuclei between them for the first time. This process required an ultraviolet laser, unlike the infrared light commonly used for atomic clocks.

Key Components Demonstrated Using Infrared and UV Light Building on their previous work, the team has now demonstrated all the necessary components for a nuclear clock.

They use a series of infrared laser pulses to excite xenon gas, which then emits UV light in a predictable pattern. This UV light is directed at thorium nuclei suspended in a small crystal, which excites the protons and neutrons within. An “optical frequency comb” then measures the UV wave cycles to achieve highly precise timekeeping.

The researchers also compared the UV frequency of the nuclear clock with the optical frequency of the most accurate atomic clock available.

Although the current nuclear clock doesn’t yet surpass atomic clocks in precision, it serves as a proof of concept.

According to Thorsten Schumm, a study author, “With this first prototype, we have shown that thorium can be used for ultra-high-precision timekeeping. There are no major obstacles left, only technical develop-

ment work.”

The researchers anticipate that within two to three years, nuclear clocks will surpass atomic clocks in precision and offer enhanced portability and stability. This advancement could lead to faster and more reliable communications, improved internet and GPS technologies, and may even aid in fundamental physics research and the search for dark matter.

Superconductivity Breakthrough: Frictionless Flow of Edge State Atoms

An artist’s impression of atoms (gold) flowing friction-free along an edge of laser light (green). Sampson Wilcox

MIT scientists have successfully guided atoms into a unique “edge state” for the first time, enabling them to move without any friction. This breakthrough could pave the way for improved superconductor materials.

When electrons pass through various materials, they experience varying Page. 17

This Week in Science

Physics, Fitness

degrees of resistance. Insulators block most movement, semiconductors permit some, conductors allow a significant amount, and superconductors enable complete movement without resistance. Superconductors could therefore be ideal for rapid data and energy transmission, and their powerful electromagnetic fields could facilitate levitating high-speed transportation.

The challenge with studying electron movement is that these particles are incredibly small and move at high speeds, making them difficult to observe. To address this, the MIT team found a way to replicate this behavior using atoms, which are larger and slower.

Superconductivity at the Boundaries The researchers focused on a form of superconductivity known as edge states. In certain materials, electrons don’t flow freely throughout but are restricted to the edges, where they move frictionlessly. Even when encountering obstacles, they glide around them seamlessly instead of bouncing off as they typically would.

For electrons, these edge states occur over femtoseconds (quadrillionths of a second) and span distances of mere fractions of a nanometer, making them difficult to observe. Atoms, however, make this behavior much

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easier to see.

“In our setup, the same physics happens with atoms, but on the scale of milliseconds and microns,” explained Martin Zwierlein, co-author of the study. “This allows us to capture images and watch the atoms slowly move along the system’s edge for extended periods.”

The team trapped about a million sodium atoms in a laser at temperatures just above absolute zero, rapidly spinning them in circles.

Atoms Behave Like Electrons in a Magnetic Field “The trap pulls the atoms inward, while centrifugal force pulls them outward,” explained Richard Fletcher, co-author of the study. “These forces balance each other, so the atoms behave as if they’re in a flat space, even though their world is spinning. A third force, the Coriolis effect, deflects them when they try to move in a straight line, making these heavy atoms behave like electrons in a magnetic field.”

points of light into the ring. Despite the interference, the atoms flowed around the obstacles effortlessly.

“We deliberately placed a large, repelling green light, and the atoms should have bounced off it,” said Fletcher.

“But instead, they smoothly navigated around it, returned to the edge, and continued moving.”

This atom behavior closely mirrors how electrons move in edge states, making it visible for the first time.

Scientists can now use this model to explore new theories, potentially improving superconductor materials.

“It’s a clear realization of elegant physics, and we can directly demonstrate the importance of the edge,” Fletcher added. “The next step is to add more obstacles and interactions to the system, where the outcomes become less predictable.”

One-Button Weight Adjustment Makes These Dumbbells Smart

In fitness, weight training can seem daunting and cumbersome, but research shows that even light strength exercises can boost metabolism for weight loss, prevent muscle loss with age, and improve sleep quality more than cardio activities.

One major issue—aside from dealing with confusing gym equipment—is constantly changing weight plates for various exercises. (As someone with traditional dumbbells and manual weight plates, which have been gathering dust in the corner of my room for months, I understand how this can discourage you from using them.)

Introducing Julu Smart Dumbbells Enter the Julu smart dumbbells, which offer instant weight adjustment. Unlike older models that relied on voice commands and motorized systems, Julu uses a digital platform for effortless weight changes. Users can set their desired weight via an LCD panel or smartphone app, with weights adjusting automatically and instantly.

Although the iOS app is still being refined for release, you can view a demonstration of the smart dumbbells in this video review on the Android platform.

The team then introduced an edge—a ring of laser light that formed a boundary. When the atoms touched the ring, they adhered to it, moving freely along the edge in one direction.

Versatile Weight Range

To test their behavior further, the researchers added obstacles by shining

A single Julu dumbbell offers a weiThe smartest dumbbells around are ideal for beginners or more experienced weight trainers

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ght range from 6 lb (2.7 kg) to 36 lb (16.3 kg), making it perfect for those engaging in light, low-impact workouts or gradually increasing their strength and endurance safely.

Each dumbbell features a unique locking mechanism that ensures the weights stay secure during use, allowing you to confidently rely on each instant adjustment.

The dumbbells feature real-time data tracking through the app, allowing you to view both current and historical progress. This feature gamifies and simplifies tracking, eliminating the need to manually record set counts and weights.

Additionally, the app monitors calories burned and other performance metrics, ensuring you can focus solely on your workout while it handles the data. Additionally, Julu’s smart dumbbells

are made from eco-friendly materials and feature an anti-slip bar.

Their compact design makes them easier to store compared to traditional weight sets or multiple dumbbells.

The app also adds a social element by allowing you to connect with others, challenge friends, or draw inspiration from their progress.

If you struggle with motivation without a trainer, this engaging and supportive feature can help keep you on track.

Yes, we said engaging.

Currently, Julu is running a limited-time 40% discount on its Kickstarter campaign.

A single dumbbell set is priced at US$239 (or $478 for two) and includes the weights, base, USB-C cable, and user manual. Shipping is available worldwide, with costs of $89 for one set and $120 for two to the US. The estimated delivery date is November 2024.

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CARS & GADGETS

Automotive: Toyota’s Vision for the Future of EV Design

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Toyota is redefining electric vehicle (EV) design with its new battery electric vehicle (BEV) platform, focused on sustainability, efficiency and an emotionally engaging experience for users.

Image Credits: C. RUSTICI Image Credits: Honda EV Hub

Honda Reimagines EV Manufacturing with Ohio Project Honda is revolutionizing its production of electric vehicles (EVs) with the Honda EV Hub project, based in Ohio. The aim is to transform its factories, such as the one in Marysville, to produce electric, hybrid and combustion cars on the same line, creating a flexible and sustainable approach for the future.

The company is investing US$700 million in modernizing its facilities and, together with LG Energy Solution, is building a US$3.5 billion battery factory.

This project represents a milestone for Honda, with plans for electric and fuel cell vehicles to account for 100% of sales by 2040.

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MEGALOPOLIS: Francis Ford Coppola’s Visionary Roman Epic in a Modern America MEGALOPOLIS, directed by Francis Ford Coppola, is a Roman epic set in an imagined modern America. The film revolves around the confrontation Image Credits: jasonwill101 on X between Cesar Catilina, a visiohttps://amzn.to/4eaB8iC nary artist who seeks a utopian future for the city of New Rome, Consumer Group Sues to Ban and Franklyn Cicero, the mayor In-Game Purchases in Europe who defends the preservation of the status quo, marked by greed European consumer protection orand political interests. ganization BEUC has filed a lawsuit against major game developers such In the middle of the conflict is as Fortnite and Minecraft, accusing Julia Cicero, the mayor’s dauthem of using unfair practices to ghter and Cesar’s lover, torn cheat consumers, especially children, between family loyalty and out of in-game purchases. idealism. With a stellar cast, the film explores themes of power, BEUC claims that virtual currencies progress and the dilemmas of make it difficult to understand the humanity. real costs, leading to overspending, especially by players under the age of 18, who spend an average of €39 a month.

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Interplay Between Music and Mathematics: Insights from Experts

MATHEMATICS

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Nature’s Unexpected Rule: Too Much Harmony Can Lead to Chaos A recent study has revealed that, in systems of cooperation between species, an increase in conditions favorable to mutualism can, surprisingly, lead to the collapse of cooperation.

Using mathematical models and game theory, researchers observed that as cooperation grows, asymmetries arise, with one species concentrating more cooperators than the other.

This phenomenon, known as “symmetry breaking”, has been compared to phase transitions in magnetic materials and offers new insights into the complex interactions in living systems.

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Humanity’s Strangest Language: The Joys of Translating Math Ben Orlin explores mathematics as a unique language that combines discovery and invention, highlighting the difficulties many face when learning abstract concepts such as algebra. He tells the story of a child who memorized mathematical symbols without understanding them, exemplifying the confusion common in teaching the subject.

Orlin argues that, rather than applying mathematics to the “real world”, students seek to understand its purpose. He argues that by learning the “language” of mathematics, it is possible to appreciate its beauty and its essential role in understanding the world.

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A recent study explored the connections between music and mathematics through interviews with professional mathematicians, musicians, and educators. It found that both fields are seen as abstract languages with structured systems, sharing common patterns and historical ties, such as the Pythagorean scale. Emotional perspectives highlighted the beauty and creative freedom in both disciplines, while educational insights emphasized the potential benefits of integrating music and mathematics to enhance learning and stimulate creativity. https://go.nature.com/3zj5pNl

3,700-Year-Old Babylonian Clay Tablet, Discovers Oldest Trigonometric Table

Researchers from the University of New South Wales have discovered that a 3,700-year-old Babylonian clay tablet, known as “Plimpton 322,” contains the oldest and most accurate trigonometric table ever recorded, surpassing the achievements of the Greek astronomer Hipparchus by more than 1,000 years.

Image Credits: YouTube _ University of New South Wales (UNSW)

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QUANTUM REALM

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Quantum Growth Drives Demand for Diverse Skillsets The rapid advancement of quantum technologies creates a significant skills gap as the sector grows from research to commercial application. McKinsey & Company projects that less than half of quantum-related jobs will be filled by 2025, highlighting a pressing need for specialized talent in systems engineering, measurement science, and maintenance.

Companies like Oxford Instruments are addressing this by investing in talent development through sponsorships, apprenticeships, and training programs.

Initiatives like Quantum Design’s Discovery Teaching Labs are also crucial, offering hands-on experience with advanced scientific instruments to prepare students for careers in the burgeoning quantum field. https://bit.ly/4d2rnlm

Quantum Computer Achieves Self-Correction Breakthrough, Enhancing Calculation Accuracy Quantum computers have achieved a breakthrough by successfully applying quantum error correction to improve calculation accuracy. Researchers from Microsoft and Quantinuum demonstrated that their quantum computer could correct its errors during computations, reducing the error rate of calculations to about one-tenth of that observed with initial faulty qubits.

This advancement involved performing multiple operations and error corrections on eight logical qubits, entangling 12 logical qubits, and setting a new record.

Although this progress represents a significant step towards reliable quantum computing, further advancements are needed to address challenges such as correcting multiple simultaneous errors and achieving universal quantum computing capabilities. https://bit.ly/4eg6WTd Image Credits: sciencenews.org

A Quantum Battery May Be Just Around the Corner

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Researchers have proposed an innovative design for a quantum battery, which uses quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to improve energy storage.

Unlike traditional batteries, the quantum battery depends on maintaining delicate quantum states, which are easily disturbed by external interactions. https://bit.ly/47pC1Bv

Scientific Theory Confirmed After Decades: The Zel’dovich Effect Demonstrated Scientists at the University of Southampton have confirmed for the first time the theory of the Zel’dovich effect, proposed 50 years ago, by demonstrating that waves with angular momentum, called “twisted waves”, can be amplified by reflecting off a rotating object.The experiment used electromagnetic waves and a rapid rotation of an aluminum cylinder, proving a theory previously considered impossible to observe with electromagnetic fields.

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BIOTECH & GENETIC

Researchers Identify New Cardiovascular Risk Factor, Suggest Potential Treatment

Scientists Decode “Genetic Trove” of Marine Microorganisms

Published in Nature, the study revealed more than 20,000 possible new species and discovered enzymes capable of degrading plastics, as well as new gene editing systems and promising antimicrobial peptides. The findings have great potential for combating plastic pollution, developing medicines and expanding marine biotechnology.

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Researchers presented at IASLC 2024 a new artificial intelligence tool called DeepGEM, which promises to revolutionize the prediction of genetic mutations in lung cancer.

The method uses routinely acquired histopathology slides to predict mutations, offering a fast, accurate and affordable solution compared to traditional genomic tests, which are expensive and time-consuming.

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Scientists from China, the UK and Denmark have built a vast global database of marine microbiomes, containing 43,191 genomes and 2.46 billion genetic sequences, from the reanalysis of metagenomics data.

Artificial Intelligence Revolutionizes Gene Mutation Prediction in Lung Cancer: DeepGEM Unveiled at IASLC 2024

https://bit.ly/4d87Dgm

Gene Therapy Restores Vision in Landmark Trial for Rare Inherited Blindness Image Credits: Mangkelin_Getty Images

Researchers have identified clonal hematopoiesis as a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis, where plaques build up in the arteries. A recent study showed that acquired genetic mutations in blood stem cells increase the risk of developing this condition.

In addition, another study suggests that colchicine, an anti-inflammatory drug, could be a promising personalized treatment option for people with mutations related to clonal hematopoiesis. These findings open up new possibilities for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. https://bit.ly/3Tnur4A

Researchers at the University of Florida have successfully treated Leber congenital amaurosis type I (LCA1), a rare inherited blindness, with a novel gene therapy. The therapy, which involves injecting a virus-based delivery system to introduce functional copies of the defective GUCY2D gene into the retina, led to dramatic improvements in vision for many patients in a recent clinical trial.

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2024 Lamborghini Huracan STJ The final Lamborghini Huracan has arrived as a track-focused limited edition STJ. Only 10 units will ever be made with each fitted with unique design and aerodynamic modifications as per the customers wish. The mechanical package is the same as the potent Huracan STO which equates to 631 hp and 417 lb-ft from the naturally aspirated V10.

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Myth or real

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The Benefits of Acupuncture: A Holistic Approach to Health

WELLNESS Impact of minimalist lifestyle on wellness

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These 6 Wellness Resorts Are the Ultimate Way to Reset

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Adopting a minimalist lifestyle can significantly enhance wellness by reducing stress and anxiety. By decluttering physical spaces, minimalism creates a serene environment that promotes mental clarity and relaxation. This lifestyle shift helps lower cortisol levels, the body’s primary stress hormone, improve mood and reduce anxiety.

Minimalism also boosts productivity and focus by eliminating distractions. A clutter-free environment allows for better concentration and efficiency.

Additionally, it encourages intentional living, helping individuals prioritize their values and what truly matters, which can lead to greater life satisfaction and overall well-being. https://cnet.co/4efFQvE

The Sunset Travel Awards 2024 highlights six premier wellness resorts ideal for a rejuvenating escape. Murrieta Hot Springs in Temecula offers historic thermal pools, while Castle Hot Springs in Arizona blends luxury with natural hot springs and adventure. Golden Door in San Marcos provides a transformative experience with personalized care and serene design.

Sensei Lāna’i in Hawaii delivers a world-class wellness journey with expert-guided programs and lush surroundings. El Encanto in Santa Barbara features private bungalows and stunning coastal views, and Naviva, a Four Seasons Resort in Nayarit, offers an exclusive, nature-integrated retreat. These destinations represent the pinnacle of wellness travel, combining relaxation, luxury, and personalized experiences. https://bit.ly/4d5jNXe

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Acupuncture, a key part of Traditional Chinese Medicine, involves placing thin needles at specific points to balance the body’s energy, or “qi.”

Modern research supports its effectiveness in pain relief, stress reduction, improved sleep, and emotional well-being, making it a popular complementary treatment.

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Wellness in the Workplace: Optimizing Focus and Creativity To optimize workplace efficiency and employee satisfaction, businesses are increasingly adopting innovative wellness strategies. With a significant portion of the workforce affected by chronic illnesses, companies focus on methods such as Red Light Therapy to boost cellular energy, ergonomic office designs to alleviate posture-related issues, healthy nutrition options to enhance overall health, and mindfulness programs to improve mental well-being.

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NUTRITION

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Eating Fruit, Oats, and Rye in Childhood May Increase Type 1 Diabetes Risk Recent research presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) has linked certain childhood dietary habits with an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes (T1D). The study, led by Professor Suvi Virtanen, found that consuming fruit, oats, and rye was associated with a higher risk of T1D, while eating berries seemed to offer a protective effect.

The findings, derived from a study of 5,674 children with genetic susceptibility to T1D, suggest that dietary choices in early life might influence the likelihood of developing this autoimmune condition. However, further research is needed to confirm these associations and understand the underlying mechanisms before making specific dietary recommendations. https://bit.ly/4ecof7I

Protein has long been considered safe, even beneficial, except by Barry Brenner’s 1982 research suggested that excessive protein might strain the kidneys and lead to chronic kidney disease. This concern remains debated today, with kidney specialists warning of potential risks. “Why Some Doctors Warn About Excess Protein”?

However, sports nutrition experts, like the ISSN, argue that no controlled evidence supports the idea that high protein intake harms healthy people. Studies, while criticized for small sample sizes, show no ill effects on athletes consuming significantly more protein than the recommended daily allowance. Thus, protein intake remains widely viewed as safe for healthy individuals. https://bit.ly/3MGsGf4 Image Credits: Ben Goldstein

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How Eating Added Sugar Speeds Up Biological Ageing and Makes Skin Look Older

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Reducing added sugar intake can significantly slow biological ageing and improve skin health. Research from UCSF shows that high sugar consumption accelerates epigenetic ageing, affecting cellular function and longevity. Excessive sugar also contributes to skin glycation, damaging proteins like collagen and elastin, leading to increased wrinkles and a dull complexion. https://bit.ly/3B1irQ9

Beyond Meat’s Healthier Focus: Can CEO Ethan Brown Balance Nutrition and Taste?

Beyond Meat’s recent shift towards healthier products with its new Sun Sausage, which features recognizable vegetables instead of mimicking meat, highlights a strategic move to address health concerns. While this approach aligns with consumer demand for clean ingredients, it risks compromising the taste that initially drove the company’s success.

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FITNESS

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Is Hyrox Just Rebranded CrossFit? A Deep Dive into the Hybrid Racing Craze Hyrox is a global fitness race founded by Christian Toetzke and Moritz Furste in 2017, combining functional workouts with 1K runs. The event is designed for inclusivity, appealing to athletes of all levels with its intuitive exercises like sled pushes and wall balls. It’s now held in 11 countries with over 100,000 participants annually.

The race features eight workout stations, and its consistency allows athletes to compare performance across events.

Divisions range from beginner-friendly to advanced, and the race-day atmosphere, with energetic crowds and recovery stations, makes it a unique and supportive competition experience. https://bit.ly/3XEB7xX

Wattbike Launches Proton: The Ultimate Versatile Smart Bike

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Intriguing Brain Activity Patterns in Elite Athletes A study in *Neuropsychologia* found that Olympic-level athletes in closed-skill sports activate different brain regions than non-athletes during memory and inhibition tasks. Athletes showed greater activation in areas handling repetitive information, while non-athletes activated regions for adapting to change. Despite similar performance, athletes’ brain activity differed significantly, suggesting that years of training shape brain strategies for handling tasks.

Although the sample size was small, the study highlights how physical training influences not only the body but also the brain.

Further research could explore how these adaptations affect athletes during and after their careers. https://bit.ly/3MLpDT7

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The Wattbike Proton offers easy, tool-free adjustments to customize workouts for individual goals. It supports diverse fitness needs, from running to general cardiovascular health. https://bit.ly/3z6arNj

Study Finds ‘Guy Ropes’ Muscles Key for Heavy Lifts Scientists studied Eddie Hall to understand how his body handles extreme weights. They found that Hall’s stabilizing muscles, or ‘guy ropes,’ were 140-202% larger than those of untrained men, which surprised researchers. These muscles, vital for lifting, may be more crucial than previously thought.

The study suggests that muscular development depends on the specific demands placed on the body.

This discovery could lead to revised training methods that target stabilizing muscles to improve strength and performance.

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WOMEN HEALTH

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Hormone Therapy Alters Voice in One-Third of Menopausal Women

Why Dating App Fatigue Is Rising in 2024 and Expert Tips to Combat It

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Study Offers New Insights on Early Pregnancy Cardiovascular Health

Menopause and hormone therapies can cause voice changes, significantly impacting women’s health and quality of life, according to Dr. Yael Bensoussan. Voice changes are often overlooked, misdiagnosed as reflux, and can result from hormonal shifts, affecting pitch, respiratory function, and well-being.

Good cardiovascular health in the first trimester may lower the genetic risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, according to research presented at the American Heart Association’s Hypertension Scientific Sessions 2024. The study found that favorable cardiovascular health could mitigate risks across all genetic profiles.

Dr. Bensoussan’s Bridge2AI Voice project aims to utilize voice as a biomarker for women’s health, promoting collaboration between gynecologists and laryngologists. More research is needed to understand the link between hormonal changes and voice, as well as to explore treatment options for voice alterations caused by testosterone and other therapies.

Researchers used a polygenic risk score and adapted the LE8 scoring system to assess cardiovascular health. Findings suggest that improved early cardiovascular health is protective against hypertensive disorders, emphasizing the need for preconception counseling and ongoing health management during pregnancy.

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Dating apps, once a promising route to romance, now face significant dissatisfaction due to rising subscription fees and algorithmic frustrations.

Despite their initial appeal, many users are feeling emotionally and mentally drained, with 78 percent reporting exhaustion, according to a 2024 Forbes Health study. https://bit.ly/3z70M9d

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Can TikTok’s Special Perfume Attract a Partner? Expert Insights Pheromone perfumes, like Pure Instinct, claim to attract partners with their unique scents. Experts argue that while animal pheromones cause specific reactions, there’s no solid proof that human pheromones work similarly. I tested the perfume and found the scent nice but didn’t see a significant impact on attraction.

Experts suggest that the wearer’s confidence and personal scent preferences might play a larger role in how others perceive them. https://bit.ly/3TsIiXA Image Credits: womenshealthmag.com

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Increased Mental Health Support Needed After Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

MEN HEALTH

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A University of South Australia study found that prostate cancer significantly impacts men’s mental health, with 15% of patients starting antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications upon diagnosis. The proportion of men using mental health medications rose from 34.5% before diagnosis to 40.3% after.

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Partner’s Drinking and Mental Health: Men May Be Affected Most

Why Men Should Consider BRCA Gene Testing

A study in *Personal Relationships* reveals that young men are more likely to experience depression when they view their partner’s drinking behavior as problematic, impacting their relationship satisfaction more than for women. The research shows that heavy drinking and its perception significantly affect men’s mental health, while perceived drinking problems are less related to anxiety symptoms for both genders.

A JAMA review suggests that men should consider BRCA gene screening as mutations can increase their risk of cancers like prostate cancer. Dr. Heather Cheng from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center notes that BRCA mutations impair DNA repair, leading to higher cancer risks.

James DeLong, diagnosed with aggressive prostate cancer at 51, found relief in discovering his BRCA mutation status years later. This knowledge connected his diagnosis to family cancer history and led to preventative measures for his daughter.

“Knowledge is power,” he says, reflecting the importance of BRCA awareness for better treatment options.

The study, involving 239 undergraduates, found that men’s satisfaction declined when they saw their own or their partner’s drinking as problematic, particularly in heavy drinking relationships. https://bit.ly/47lUEXb

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Does Phentermine Cause Hair Loss? Expert Insights Phentermine aids in weight loss by suppressing appetite but might lead to hair thinning due to nutrient deficiency from rapid weight loss. Although there’s no conclusive evidence linking it directly to hair loss, some users report shedding.

To prevent hair loss, eat nutrient-rich foods and consider supplements.

Medications like Rogaine may also help stimulate hair growth while on phentermine. The benefits of weight loss typically outweigh the risk of hair loss.

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GERONTOLOGY & Why Time Feels Slower to ChilLIFE EXTENSION dren Children’s perception of time is largely unexplored but essential for understanding their experience of the world. Dr. Teresa McCormack’s research at Queen’s University Belfast suggests that while children recognize routine events, they lack an adult-like sense of linear time.

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Scientists Uncover ‘Lifespan Limit Line’ for Longevity Scientists at Eötvös Loránd University have unveiled a breakthrough in aging research by identifying a novel epigenetic mechanism involving N6-methyladenine (6mA) in mitochondrial DNA. This discovery, detailed in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, reveals that 6mA accumulates with age across various species and could provide a new method for measuring biological age.

Drs. Ádám Sturm and Tibor Vellai’s research also links the rate of 6mA accumulation to lifespan and uncovers related enzymatic pathways. Their findings offer potential for cost-effective aging assessments and insights into interventions for healthier aging, expanding on their previous work with transposable elements. https://bit.ly/3XGIvZE

Studies show younger children judge time based on their emotions rather than duration. As they grow, they learn to correlate speed with time passage. Emotional states continue to affect time perception throughout life, making time seem to drag during stressful or monotonous periods. https://bbc.in/3AXOMHo Images Credits: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout

Eternal Youth: Dr. de Grey’s 1000-Year Vision

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Dr. Aubrey de Grey, a prominent biogerontologist, recently claimed that future advancements in medicine could allow humans to live indefinitely. He explained that his earlier figure of a 1000-year lifespan was a theoretical number and is likely overly pessimistic, as future medical progress could reduce other causes of death. https://bit.ly/3AZa47v

Surface Markers: A Target for Senescent Cells Researchers mapped the surfaceome of senescent cells to identify potential drug targets, discovering four proteins—PLXNA1, PLXNA3, PTK7, and CYB5R1—that are almost exclusive to these cells. These proteins, prevalent in both human and mouse senescent cells, could be targeted for senotherapeutic drugs and are linked to the well-known marker p16ink4a.

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Images Credits: forbes.com_Au- Page. 33 brey de Grey

PSYCHOLOGY

How Seasons Influence Our Moral Values

Billions of Tiny Brain Robots: Superboost

A recent study found that our moral values shift with the seasons. Traditional values are less endorsed in summer and winter, according to decade-long survey data. This pattern, observed in the U.S., Canada, and Australia, suggests that binding values peak in spring and fall due to seasonal changes in anxiety and social dynamics.

Ray Kurzweil predicts that by 2045, brain-boosting tech could link our minds to a vast digital network, offering instant access to information.

Researchers are developing Brain-Cloud Interfaces using nanobots, which could enhance cognition and education by connecting brains to real-time cloud data. These nanobots, tiny enough to fit within brain cells, could revolutionize how we interact with information and each other.

These findings align with moral foundations theory but don’t imply weather directly affects morality. Instead, they highlight that moral values can be influenced by seasonal factors, impacting collective social and political behaviors.

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Top 2 Tricks to Avoid Social Awkwardness For those struggling with chronic social awkwardness, Dr. Catherine Nobile, Ph.D., suggests actionable strategies to improve social interactions. Key tips include practicing active listening to stay engaged and preparing icebreakers for smoother conversation flow.

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4 Psychological Reasons Tall Men Excel as Husbands Tall men might make great husbands due to several psychological factors.

They are less likely to develop dementia, potentially ensuring better memory. Research also shows that taller men often earn more and report higher happiness levels. Additionally, their height correlates with a reduced risk of heart disease, making them healthier partners.

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Additionally, Dr. Nobile advises using positive body language, asking open-ended questions, and mimicking conversational styles to build confidence and ease in social settings. Applying these techniques can help reduce feelings of awkwardness and enhance social connections. https://bit.ly/4dZFzx3

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ALMANAC & ANIVERSARY September 6 Events: 1522: Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition, led by Juan Sebastián Elcano after Magellan’s death, completed the first known circumnavigation of the Earth, demonstrating conclusively that the Earth is round and highlighting the vastness of the world’s oceans.

Scientist Birthdays: 1766: John Dalton, an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist best known for his pioneering work in the development of modern atomic theory and his research on color blindness.

Scientific Discoveries: 2013: NASA’s Curiosity rover confirmed the presence of ancient river beds on Mars, providing evidence that liquid water once flowed on the Martian surface, a key factor in the search for past life.

September 7 Scientist Birthdays: 1907: J. P. Guilford, an American psychologist who developed influential theories on the structure of the human intellect and was a pioneer

in the field of psychometrics and creativity research.

Scientific Discoveries: 2004: A team of astronomers using the Spitzer Space Telescope discovered a new planetary system around the star HD 69830, about 41 light-years away in the constellation Puppis, hinting at the possibility of Earth-like planets beyond our solar system.

September 8 Events:

into Jupiter provided direct evidence of collisions between celestial bodies in the solar system, an event that has profound implications for our understanding of planetary defense against asteroid impacts.

September 9

zerland, began its first test run, marking the beginning of a new era in particle physics and leading to the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012.

Events:

1857: J. J. Thomson, a British physicist who discovered the electron and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906 for his work on the conduction of electricity in gases.

1947: The first “computer bug” was discovered—a moth that was trapped in a relay of the Harvard Mark II computer, giving rise to the term “debugging” in computer science.

Scientist Birthdays:

1737: Luigi Galvani, an Italian phy1966: The first episode of Star Trek sician, physicist, and philosopher aired on American television. While who discovered “animal electricity,” a fictional event, Star Trek has had a leading to the foundation of elecprofound influence on technological trophysiology and influencing the innovation, inspiring advancements study of bioelectricity. in areas such as mobile communication, virtual reality, and medical Scientific Discoveries: technology.

2009: Scientists using the Hubble Scientist Birthdays: Space Telescope discovered GJ 1214 b, a “super-Earth” exoplanet with 1588: Marin Mersenne, a French a potential atmosphere, spurring polymath whose work in matheinterest in the search for habitable matics, music theory, and physics, planets outside our solar system. particularly in acoustics, influenced subsequent scientists like DescarSeptember 10 tes and Galileo.

Events: Scientific Discoveries: 1994: The discovery of Comet Shoe2008: The Large Hadron Collider maker-Levy 9 fragments crashing (LHC) at CERN near Geneva, Swit-

Scientist Birthdays:

Scientific Discoveries: 1945: The microwave oven was accidentally invented by Percy Spencer when he noticed that radar waves melted a candy bar in his pocket, leading to the development of microwave technology for cooking food.

September 11 Events: 1985: Pete Conrad and his team discovered the wreck of the RMS Titanic on the ocean floor, providing insights into deep-sea exploration and advancements in marine archaeology and underwater technology.

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mathematician and physicist who made groundbreaking contributions to general relativity and cosmology, and co-winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020 for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity.

Scientific Discoveries: 2001: On this tragic day, the world witnessed the September 11 attacks in the United States. This event led to significant advancements in building safety and security technologies, disaster response strategies, and surveillance technologies worldwide.

These dates showcase a diverse range of historical milestones, scientific advancements, and influential figures, reflecting humanity’s enduring quest to understand and innovate in a complex and ever-changing world

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Terracotta Warriors Excavation Yields Insightful Results

ARCHEOLOGY

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Connecting to the Past: Keys to Building Human Bridges

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Archaeologists Find New Suleiman Artifacts Norbert Pap from the University of Pécs emphasized the importance of researching the Türbe mausoleum for both Turks and Hungarians. This research helps preserve the memory of Miklós IV Zrínyi, the castle’s defender.

Excavations have uncovered significant Ottoman artifacts and revealed Turbék’s historical importance. Turkish and Hungarian collaboration continues to preserve this shared legacy, with substantial funds invested in the site’s development.

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Technological advancements since the Paleolithic era are revolutionizing our understanding of human history. Despite the technical jargon that can limit public comprehension, new initiatives are making it easier for people to connect with evolutionary research. These efforts provide a cohesive view of our past, integrating ancient events into a global context that highlights our shared lineage.

Modern technologies, including digital reproductions and advanced dating methods, are reshaping prehistoric research. They enhance our ability to study and share data, although many lower-income countries still struggle with limited access to these tools. As technology advances, it promises to improve our understanding of human origins and make scientific discoveries more accessible. https://bit.ly/3XFUqXH

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The Terracotta Warrior exhibition in Xi’an showcases a unique figurine with its original Chinese Purple sleeves, a color still difficult to replicate with modern technology. This display, part of the 50th-anniversary commemoration of the warriors’ discovery, features 230 relics revealing aspects of the Qin Dynasty. https://bit.ly/47smAZr

Rare 2,400-Year-Old Celtic Helmet Unearthed in Poland Archaeologists have discovered a rare 2,400-year-old Celtic helmet in Poland’s Mazovia region. Found at the Łysa Góra site, this helmet is the first of its kind in Poland and reflects sophisticated Celtic metallurgy.

The helmet, linked to the La Tène culture of the Late Iron Age, reveals unexpected connections between the Celts and other ancient cultures, challenging previous assumptions about Celtic interactions.

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SPACE EXPLORAFormation of Super-Earths Proven TION & COSMOL- Limited Near Metal-Poor Stars OGY

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Boeing Quantum Entanglement Mission Lays Groundwork for Quantum Satellite Network

Recent research led by Kiersten Boley, from Ohio State University, reveals that the formation of super-Earths is significantly limited around stars with low metallicity.

The study, published in The Astronomical Journal, analyzed extremely metal-poor stars observed by TESS and found that, below a certain cut-off line in metallicity, the formation of super-Earths becomes practically impossible. These results help refine the search for habitable exoplanets and indicate that larger planets did not form widely in the early stages of the universe. https://bit.ly/3zhJeHn

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Boeing is developing the Q4S mission, which aims to demonstrate the exchange of quantum entanglement in space, an essential step towards creating a global quantum communication network via satellite.

Scheduled for 2026, the mission will feature intertwined photon sources on a single satellite, in partnership with HRL Laboratories. Unlike other initiatives, Q4S will focus on more advanced quantum communication protocols, with potential applications in network security, computing and telecommunications. This pioneering mission will pave the way for future global quantum networks, enabling ultra-secure transmissions and new computing approaches. https://bit.ly/3Xo7ijO

After Cosmic Dark Ages: What Burned Away Ubiquitous Clouds of Gas? NASA

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

A discovery by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed a surprising amount of ultraviolet (UV) light emitted by the first galaxies and giant black holes, challenging previous theories about the reionization of the universe.This phenomenon, which ended the cosmic “dark ages”, occurred when the first stars and galaxies began to ionize the neutral hydrogen that filled the cosmos. https://bit.ly/3XDYKXn

Infamous ‘Wow! Signal’ That Hinted at Aliens May Actually Be an Exceptionally Rare Cosmic Event New research suggests that the enigmatic “Wow! signal,” detected in 1977 by the Big Ear telescope, may not be an attempt at extraterrestrial communication, but rather the result of a rare cosmic event. Abel Méndez and his team propose that the signal may have been caused by an intense flare from a magnetar hitting an interstellar hydrogen cloud, which caused the cloud to emit radio waves at the frequency detected.

Image credits: Big Ear radio observatory and North American Astrophysical Observatory (NAAPO)

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Scientists Found the Hidden ‘Edge State’ That May Lead to Practically Infinite Energy: Now, How Can We Harness It?

ENGINEERING, ROBOTS, IT

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Surpassing Expectations: First Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Farm The WindFloat Atlantic project, a pioneering semi-submersible floating offshore wind farm off Portugal’s coast, has exceeded expectations in its four years of operation. Since its 2020 launch, it has generated 320 GWh of electricity, enough to power around 25,000 homes annually.

Featuring three 8.4-MW Vestas turbines on floating platforms anchored 328 ft below the surface, the project has demonstrated impressive performance, with 2023 output reaching 80 GWh. These turbines, the most significant offshore models globally, operate in deep waters where conventional turbines are impractical, benefiting from stronger and more stable wind conditions. The project’s resilience was proven during extreme weather conditions, including a recent storm with 86-mph winds and 65-ft waves. https://bit.ly/3ZooHLP

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AI Technologies Are Enhancing Healthcare

by Freeing Up Time for Doctors and Improving Patient Care Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, improving the efficiency and quality of medical care. At West Penn Hospital, systems like Vectra use AI to detect skin diseases, speeding up diagnoses and accurately monitoring skin changes.

In addition, AI technologies, such as the automatic transcription of medical visits, are reducing the time spent on administrative tasks, allowing doctors to devote more attention to patients. Although there are concerns about privacy and consent, many patients and healthcare professionals have welcomed AI, which promises faster and more personalized care. https://bit.ly/4d9JvtI

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Scientists at MIT have recreated the quantum Hall effect, a phenomenon that allows the formation of lossless energy states called “edge states”, which could be the key to materials without electrical resistance, promising advances in energy efficiency.

Using ultracold sodium atoms instead of electrons, the researchers have amplified the process, allowing direct observation on more manageable scales. https://bit.ly/4e2O22j

What’s Next in AI and HPC for IT Leaders in Digital Infrastructure?

The advance of artificial intelligence (AI) and high-performance computing (HPC) is transforming companies’ digital infrastructure.

Digital Realty experts predict that by 2027, 40% of companies will use interconnected cloud, core and edge architectures to support dynamic workflows.

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CURIOSITY Dark Matter and Dark Energy: The Cosmic Puzzles Hiding in Plain Sight Welcome to the “Curiosity” corner of our magazine, where today we venture into the darkest depths of the universe—literally! We’re talking about Dark Matter and Dark Energy, the mysterious entities that make up a whopping 95% of the cosmos. That’s right—most of the universe is made of stuff we can’t see, touch, or fully understand. Let’s shed some light on these shadowy cosmic players and explore some of their most intriguing and surprising aspects.

What is Dark Matter?

First, let’s tackle Dark Matter, the universe’s invisible bouncer. While it doesn’t emit, absorb, or reflect light (hence the “dark”), we know it’s out there because of its gravitational effects. Dark Matter is like that friend who never shows up in photos but still somehow always gets tagged—its existence is inferred from its influence on visible matter, like stars and galaxies.

The Intriguing Aspects of Dark Matter: Gravity’s Secret Agent:

Dark Matter is the glue that holds galaxies together. Without it, galaxies would spin themselves apart faster than you can say “centrifugal force.”

Scientists realized that the mass of visible stars wasn’t enough to explain how galaxies stay intact; something else was adding gravitational heft— and voilà, the concept of Dark Matter was born!

It’s Everywhere, But Nowhere: Dark Matter is thought to make up about 27% of the universe’s mass-energy content. That’s about six times more than all the visible matter we can actually see! Yet, despite being so abundant, we’ve never directly detected a single particle of it. It passes through us all the time like a cosmic ninja, leaving us none the wiser.

Hunting the Invisible: Scientists are on an epic quest to detect Dark Matter particles. They’ve built detectors deep underground, shielded from cosmic rays and other particles, in hopes that one of these elusive particles will finally show up and say “hi.” So far? Nothing. It’s like setting up the ultimate surprise party, but the guest of honor refuses to appear.

What is Dark Energy?

Now, on to Dark Energy, the universe’s hyperactive cousin. If Dark Matter

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is the cosmic glue, Dark Energy is the mysterious force pulling everything apart. Discovered in 1998, Dark Energy is thought to be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe.

Picture a cosmic treadmill that keeps speeding up just as you’re getting tired.

The Surprising Aspects of Dark Energy:

on a cosmic scale? No one knows.

Theories range from the plausible (the cosmological constant) to the downright mind-bending (extra dimensions). Some even suggest it might signal the death of physics as we know it—though that’s probably just the physicists being dramatic.

Anti-Gravity, Anyone?:

Okay, so why does it matter if the universe is full of mysterious stuff we can’t see? Because understanding Dark Matter and Dark Energy could rewrite the rules of physics, change our understanding of the cosmos, and potentially unlock new technologies or dimensions. Plus, it’s just plain cool. The fact that we don’t know what makes up most of the universe should keep us humble and hungry for more knowledge.

The Takeaway: Embrace the Mystery So, what’s the deal with Dark Matter and Dark Energy? They’re two of the biggest mysteries in modern science, challenging our understanding of reality. We may not know exactly what they are, but they remind us that there is still so much more to discover. In a universe filled with knowns and unknowns, Dark Matter and Dark Energy are the ultimate cosmic wildcards—keeping scientists up at night and reminding us all to stay curious.

After all, who knows what we’ll find out next?

Dark Energy acts like a sort of anti-gravity. Instead of pulling things together, it pushes them apart, causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate. This discovery was as shocking to scientists as finding out your cat has been secretly running a side business all along.

Cosmic Dominance: Dark Energy makes up about 68% of the universe’s total energy content.

So, most of the universe is actually governed by a force we don’t understand. Imagine running a company where two-thirds of your employees don’t show up to meetings or respond to emails—yet somehow, they’re still running the place.

The Big Question: What Is It?: Dark Energy is one of the biggest mysteries in physics. Is it a new fundamental force, an energy field, or a quirk of how we understand gravity

Why Should We Care?

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Three Disagreements Every Married Couple Should Take Seriously

PARENTING & RELATIONSHIPS

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25 Cozy Fall Date Ideas to Make Romantic Memories with Your Partner Autumn is a perfect time to strengthen romance with cozy and creative activities. From walks with hot drinks and visits to bookstores, to hikes amid colorful foliage and game nights at home, there are countless ideas for enjoying the season alongside your partner.

Other options include picnics, bonfires on the beach, shopping for flannels, trips to local fairs and even getaways to mountain cabins. These ideas help create special, romantic moments, ideal for enjoying the warm fall weather. https://bit.ly/3B5ozHa

Communication Patterns Linked to Relationship Dissatisfaction and Sexual Distress A recent study in The Journal of Sex Research reveals that couples who engage in the demand-withdrawal communication pattern during sexual conflicts—where one partner pushes to discuss issues while the other avoids—experience lower relationship and sexual satisfaction and higher sexual distress.

The study, which involved 151 couples, found that this pattern leads to diminished relationship satisfaction both immediately and over time, though its impact on sexual distress tends to be short-lived. The findings suggest that addressing this communication issue through therapy could improve relationship outcomes. https://bit.ly/3TrVig2

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Disagreements are common in marriages, but some can have lasting adverse effects if not appropriately addressed. Key areas of concern include financial conflicts, where differing views on spending and saving lead to tension; parenting disagreements, where clashing discipline styles cause stress; and verbal attacks, where hurtful language erodes trust. Effective communication and mutual understanding are essential in resolving these issues, and seeking professional help when needed can prevent long-term damage to the relationship. https://bit.ly/4d4cvTM

eHarmony Review: Best for Serious Relationships in 2024 eHarmony is a top choice for those seeking serious relationships in 2024, distinguished by its detailed compatibility quiz and high standards. It charges $74.90 monthly for a minimum six-month subscription, which may deter casual daters but ensures a focus on committed users.

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INVESTIMENT & FINANCE

Effective Financial Literacy Programs Can Empower a Generation Despite an intense desire among Americans for financial education, with many wishing they had learned how to manage money, the current state of financial literacy programs often needs to improve. Only about half of Americans are financially literate, and many face financial challenges like living paycheck-to-paycheck or needing more retirement savings.

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Study Ranks Nebraska No. 1 in Financial Literacy A recent analysis by Credit Secrets ranked Nebraska as the most financially literate state in the US, highlighting the state’s efforts to promote financial education. The study evaluated metrics in education and economic habits, as well as financial stability and challenges.

Among the factors that contributed to Nebraska’s ranking are a 2021 law requiring a financial literacy course for high school graduation and the integration of personal finance in public schools. Other initiatives include school savings programs and stock market challenges. The analysis also considered average credit scores and the presence of financial institutions versus predatory lenders. https://bit.ly/3B4HUIm

Junior Achievement’s comprehensive approach, which introduces financial concepts progressively from early education through high school, has shown positive outcomes, including better college completion rates and earlier home ownership among alumni. To better prepare future generations, it’s crucial to integrate quality financial literacy programs into school curricula consistently. https://bit.ly/4d3XDVy

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Most Americans Say College Education Isn’t Worth Heavy Burden of Student Loan Debt

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Recent survey data reveals that most Americans with student loan debt believe their college education hasn’t justified the financial strain, with 80% calling their debt a “huge burden.”

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York reports that student loan debt has reached $1.59 trillion, comprising over 32% of all non-housing-related household debt. https://bit.ly/3XIUw0S

Look for Investing Opportunities Among Renewable Energy Producers Powering AI Investors can benefit from the intersection of renewable energy and AI-powered data centers, according to Eaton Vance. The rise of AI, electric vehicles, and heat pumps strains energy infrastructure, with data centers projected to consume up to 9% of U.S. electricity by 2030. Renewable energy offers a solution to help companies meet emission targets and reduce costs.

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RETIREMENT

Understanding the State Pension Triple Lock and Its Implications

TWIS 09-16 JUN 24

Determining if $1 million is sufficient for retirement depends on various factors, including lifestyle, location, and unexpected life changes. For Chuck and Sue Steele, who retired after decades of careful saving, their financial adviser helped assess their long-term needs, considering health care costs and potential changes in income. While $1 million might last about 15 years in Maryland, where they live, it could last longer in states with lower living costs and shorter in high-cost areas like Hawaii.

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Majority of UK Adults Unprepared for Retirement, Study Reveals

Is $1 Million Enough for Retirement? Experts Weigh In

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A recent study by Unbiased and YouGov reveals that 57% of UK adults need more confidence in their retirement readiness due to rising living costs and economic uncertainty. The research highlights significant gaps in retirement planning, with older adults and women particularly at risk of financial insecurity.

Many individuals are unaware of their pension pot’s value and do not know how much they need for retirement. Experts stress the importance of early planning, professional advice, and government action to improve retirement preparedness and address these concerns effectively.

The UK state pension is expected to rise to £230 a week next April due to the “triple lock” system, which ensures annual increases based on the highest inflation, wage growth, or 2.5%.

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This anticipated £460 annual increase comes amidst debates over the system’s fairness and sustainability. Critics argue that it burdens younger generations financially, while supporters emphasize its importance for maintaining pensioners’ living standards. Despite ongoing controversies, the government has pledged to retain the triple lock until the end of the current parliament.

Navigating the Longevity Paradox in Retirement Planning With increasing life expectancies, financial advisers face a new challenge in retirement planning: balancing the need for growth to outpace inflation with managing sequence risk, where early poor market returns can jeopardize long-term savings. Traditional retirement strategies, which shift investments to safer assets as one ages, are becoming outdated due to longer lifespans.

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BOOKS

From Galileo’s famous experiments in accelerated motion to Einstein’s revolutionary theory of relativity, the experiments recorded here trace the evolution of modern physics from its beginnings to the mid-twentieth century. Brought together for the first time in one volume are important source readings on 25 epochal discoveries that changed man’s understanding of the physical world. The accounts, written by the physicists who made them, include: Isaac Newton: The Laws of Motion Henry Cavendish: The Law of Gravitation Augustin Fresnel: The Diffraction of Light Hans Christian Oersted: Elecromagnetism Heinrich Hertz: Electromagnetic James Chadwick: The Neutron Niels Bohr: The Hydrogen Atom, and 17 more.

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RECOMMENDATIONS 3 Psychological Tricks To Shut Down A Mean Co-Worker, According To A Career Coach 5 Questions That Will Transform Your Life, From A Psychologist Decision speed: A new window into hidden social preferences

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