TWIS - Vol 1: ISSUE 9

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TWIS SCIENCE THIS WEEK IN

Nanoparticles Make At-Home Stress Testing Possible

DIVE AND FIND

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NASA Finds New Global Energy Field Around Earth

New Device Could Let Anyone Check For Microplastics In Water

Climate Change Can Cause Bridges to ‘Fall Apart Like Tinkertoys,’ Experts Say 01-07 SEP 24

Wearable Device Eases Pain and Depression in 40 Minutes

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Nanoparticles Make At-Home Stress Testing Possible

Image Credits: Researchers have created a stress detector that could be used at home Depositphotos

Researchers have developed a sensor using nanoparticles that can specifically detect cortisol levels, a key stress biomarker, with greater reliability than current methods. This affordable and easily replicable device moves us closer to being able to test stress levels at home.

Stress is a common challenge for many individuals. Whether triggered by work, personal situations, or financial concerns, stress causes your body to release a wave of cortisol after the initial ‘fight or flight’ response, keeping you on edge. It’s a well-known fact that stress negatively impacts health.

Advancing Stress Monitoring with a Cost-Effective Cortisol Detection Sensor Since cortisol is a key biomarker for stress, sensors that can accurately measure its levels are crucial for

monitoring stress and intervening when necessary. To address this need, researchers from Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) have developed a low-cost, accurate device for detecting cortisol using nanoparticles.

“A cost-effective, easily replicable, and user-friendly point-of-care testing device that can accurately measure cortisol levels is something we have been eager to develop,” said Tong Ji, the study’s lead author and a current PhD student and senior technician at XJTLU. “Such a device could greatly enhance the timely and accurate diagnosis of cortisol levels, significantly improving people’s lives.”

However, current cortisol detectors use silver electrodes, which can become unstable in extreme conditions with fluctuating temperatures and pH levels, resulting in a short lifespan and limited commercial viability.

“Existing cortisol detectors have reference electrodes with a silver layer that easily oxidizes, making them unstable in electrochemical measurements,” explained Ji. “In our study, we coated the silver layer with iridium oxide nanoparticles. This modification enhances the stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility of cortisol detection in point-of-care devices.”

Enhancing Point-of-Care Testing with Iridium Oxide Technology

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Point-of-care testing refers to conducting the analysis close to the patient, such as at home, in a pharmacy, or at a medical clinic. The researchers discovered that electrodepositing iridium oxide (IrOx) on a gold electrode enables highly sensitive cortisol detection.

“This is the first time iridium oxide has been utilized in this manner,” stated Dr. Qiuchen Dong, an assistant professor at XJTLU and a co-corresponding author of the study. “Our team has developed a simple, lowcost device that can measure cortisol levels at concentrations 3,000 times lower than the normal range found in blood, making it sensitive enough for commercial applications.”

However, an additional advantage of the IrOx-coated sensor is its ability to differentiate cortisol from other similar hormones.

“One issue with current solutions is the significant similarity between cortisol and other hormones like progesterone, testosterone, and corticosterone,” explained Dr. Graham Dawson, a professor in the Department of Chemistry at XJTLU and a co-author of the study. “This similarity makes it challenging for detectors to distinguish between them. Our iridium oxide-modified electrode is selective enough to differentiate these hormones, effectively addressing this problem.”

his device brings us closer to enabling stress testing at home.

NASA Finds New Global Energy Field Around Earth

NASA/Conceptual Image Lab, Wes Buchanan, and Krystofer Kim

NASA scientists have confirmed the existence of a third global energy field encircling Earth, known as the ambipolar electric field. This newly discovered field plays a crucial role in propelling charged particles into space from the poles.

Historical Context and Existing Fields Traditionally, Earth’s global energy fields have been understood to consist of the gravity field, created by the planet’s mass, and the electromagnetic field, generated by the movement of molten metals in the core. Although scientists have long speculated about a third field, it was not until a recent NASA study that its presence was conclusively proven.

Since the 1960s, observations from spacecraft flying over Earth’s poles rePage. 2

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vealed an unexpected flux of particles escaping the atmosphere. This “polar wind” exhibited supersonic speeds despite remaining cold, which puzzled scientists. They hypothesized the existence of the ambipolar electric field to explain this phenomenon.

Mechanics of the Ambipolar Electric Field The hypothesis posited that this field originates at around 250 kilometers (150 miles) above the poles. At this altitude, electrons are easily stripped from hydrogen and oxygen atoms, leaving behind heavier positively charged ions. While gravity would typically cause these ions to fall, their mutual attraction to the electrons counteracts this, extending the atmospheric density higher up over the poles.

more than ten times stronger than gravity, significantly boosting their speed into space. Additionally, the experiment recorded a 271% increase in the ionosphere’s scale height.

The confirmation of this ambipolar electric field opens new avenues for understanding its influence on Earth’s atmospheric evolution throughout history.

New Device Could Let Anyone Check For Microplastics In Water

Despite its weak strength, the ambipolar electric field was detected during NASA’s Endurance mission.

Launched on May 11, 2022, from Svalbard, Norway, Endurance carried Dr. Tianxi Yang (left) and student Peter instruments designed to measure Yang work with the tool they created electric potential changes from 250 (behind red cup). Martin Dee km to 768 km (477 miles) altitude. The With the growing concern about mimission successfully detected a voltcroplastic pollution in drinking water, age change of 0.55 volts, confirming many are worried about something the field’s presence. that, until now, is difficult to check for Principal Investigator Glynn Collinson themselves. However, that may soon change if a new prototype device noted, “Although half a volt might goes into production. seem negligible, it’s sufficient to explain the polar wind phenomena.” For hydrogen ions, this field exerts a force

What Are Microplastics?

By definition, microplastics are plastic

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fragments smaller than 5 millimeters in diameter.

Microplastics are present in bodies of water globally, originating from sources like breaking down plastic waste, plastic microbeads in products like toothpaste, fibers from synthetic clothing, and rubber particles from car tires.

Researchers are studying the health effects of ingesting microplastics, but they know that harmful bacteria often cling to these particles, which we should avoid ingesting.

Currently, the methods to count the number of microplastics in water samples require expensive lab-based equipment operated by trained technicians. Dr. Tianxi Yang and his team at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in Canada set out to change that.

A New Device for Detecting Microplastics The result is a small 3D-printed box that contains a wireless digital microscope, a green LED, and a device known as an excitation filter. Machine learning-based software installed on a connected smartphone analyzes the images transmitted by the microscope. How the Device Works You need only a tiny amount of water (less than a drop). You then add a solution of tannic acid, zirconium atoms, and rhodamine B to it. When

you expose this mixture to green light from the LED, all the microplastics in it fluoresce, making them highly visible.

The smartphone software counts the number of fluorescing pixels in the microscope images, allowing it to determine both the size and quantity of particles in the sample. In less than 20 minutes, the device provides a result that is easy for both scientists and laypeople to interpret.

In a test of the technology, the team used the device to analyze distilled water that they had boiled, poured into polystyrene cups, and left to cool for 30 minutes. They found that each cup released “hundreds of millions” of nanometer-sized particles into the 50 ml of water.

Expanding the Detection Capabilities Although the tests specifically targeted polystyrene particles, the scientists have adjusted the software to detect other types of plastics, such as polyethylene and polypropylene. They recently published a paper on the study in the journal ACS Sensors.

And if you’re wondering what a user would do if a commercial version of the device showed that their water is full of microplastics… well, last year, UBC announced the development of a plant-based filter that removes almost 100% of these particles from Page. 3 water.

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Healthcare

Wearable Device Eases Pain and Depression in 40 Minutes

“This is the first time in three years I’ve felt like myself. It feels like my brain has been woken up,” said one patient treated with the Diadem device. University of Utah

A head-mounted ultrasound device has recently undergone two human trials, demonstrating its potential to alleviate pain and depression effectively.

The device, named the Diadem, was developed by researchers at the University of Utah and resembles an elaborate headphone band. It employs neuromodulation, using ultrasonic waves to target specific brain areas. For these trials, it focused on the anterior cingulate cortex, known for its role in pain perception and emotional regulation.

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In the pain study, 20 chronic pain sufferers received two sessions with the Diadem, following a functional MRI scan to pinpoint the pain-signaling brain regions.

Diadem’s non-invasive approach represents a significant advancement in brain stimulation techniques.

demclinicaltrials@gmail.com.

Kubanek concluded, “The potential for this technique to transform or even save lives is becoming more evident. We urge individuals with these conditions to join our study and help us make this promising treatment widely accessible as soon as possible.”

Results showed that 60% of participants experienced at least a 33% reduction in pain immediately after treatment.

In another trial involving 14 clinically depressed individuals, 10 reported remission just one week after a single session with the device.

Unlike other methods that require implanting devices or electrodes, Diadem manages to overcome the challenge of the skull’s thickness, which often disrupts signal precision. By Diet and Exercise Can Outsadjusting for the scattering effects of bone, Diadem achieves mart Genetic Diabetes Risk millimeter-level accuracy in targeting specific brain regions.

Researchers Applaud Significant Improvements

Preparation for Phase 3 Trials and Public Availability

Tom Riis, the lead author and a postdoctoral researcher in Biomedical Engineering, expressed his amazement at the results. “After only a single 40-minute session, patients are showing significant improvements in symptoms,” he said.

Although not every participant saw drastic changes, those who did exhibited remarkable transformations in mood and behavior.

Riis and his team are preparing for Phase 3 clinical trials, aiming for FDA approval to make Diadem available to the public.

Image Credits: Depositphotos

Although genetics play a signifProfessor Jan Kabanek, a co-au- icant role in the development of type 2 diabetes, genes don’t thor of the study, highlighted determine everything in life. the promising potential of this technology for patients unresponsive to current treatments. Lifestyle Changes Can Defy Chronic pain sufferers interest- Genetic Predisposition ed in participating in the trials A new study suggests, for the can contact the team at diaPage. 4

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Healthcare

first time, that even those who are genetically predisposed to diabetes can prevent the disease with the right lifestyle choices.

reduce the prevalence of type 2 and exercise guide for the next three years. Twice during that diabetes. period, they underwent oral glucose tolerance tests and Recently, a year-long diabetes program in England found that physical exams. a total overhaul of a person’s A three-year intervention in daily diet could put 32 percent About half of the group includFinland has shown that a of type 2 diabetes patients into ed in the intervention had a healthy diet and regular exerhigh genetic risk for type 2 diaremission, meaning they no cise can reduce the likelihood betes, while the other half had longer need medication. of men developing type 2 diaa low genetic risk.Researchers betes, even those with a “high assessed this based on 76 gene New Study Explores Genetic genetic risk.” variants known to increase the and Environmental Factors risk of type 2 diabetes.

The program helped patients However, this latest study helps balance their blood sugar levels to disentangle the roles that The study also included a conand lose weight, and this was trol group of 345 male particigenes and the environment true even for those with low ge- play in the onset of diabetes. pants who did not undergo the netic risk factors for diabetes. intervention. This group consisted of 149 individuals with a Researchers at the University These findings encourage evhigh genetic risk and 196 with a of Eastern Finland and Kuopio eryone to make lifestyle chang- University Hospital in Finland low genetic risk. es that promote health. Furincluded more than 600 male thermore, they demonstrate participants over the age of 50 Compared to those with a the effectiveness of group- and in the intervention study. high genetic risk in the control internet-based lifestyle guidgroup, those with a high genetance, which saves healthcare ic risk who participated in the The participants attended resources, says clinical nutrithree-year intervention were 6 group sessions on the importionist Maria Lankinen from the tance of a healthy diet and percent less likely to develop University of Eastern Finland. type 2 diabetes. physical activity. They also received individual nutritional This isn’t the first study to show feedback from clinical nutriThose in the intervention group that lifestyle interventions can with a low genetic risk did not tionists and followed a dietary

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show a significant difference compared to those with a low genetic risk in the control group, but they still showed weight loss and metabolic benefits on par with the high-risk intervention group.

Aging and Blood Sugar Control As people age, their blood sugar control typically worsens, but the intervention group experienced significantly smaller adverse effects compared to the control group.

This suggests that participants with a low genetic risk also benefit from lifestyle changes.

Researchers argue that this trial demonstrates type 2 diabetes can be “prevented or delayed” with an accessible approach, though more studies are needed to confirm this effect in larger and more diverse cohorts.

Focusing on a healthy diet and physical activity in middle-aged and elderly men, especially Page. 5

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Medical Care, Healthcare

those with a high genetic risk for type 2 diabetes, could be a cost-effective and practical way to reduce the occurrence of this highly common metabolic disease.

Injectable Pacemaker Regulates Heartbeat for Five Days, Then Dissolves

A new portable, injectable pacemaker could last long enough to get arrhythmia patients to hospital for more permanent treatment. Credit: Pixabay

A new injectable, temporary pacemaker could address heart arrhythmias in emergencies. This nanoparticle gel can regulate the heart’s electrical signals for up to five days before safely dissolving in the body.

Arrhythmias occur when the heart’s rhythm becomes too fast, slow, or irregular, leading to serious complications if untreated. While defibrillators and surgically implanted pacemakers

can correct these issues, they are not always available in urgent situations.

Researchers at Lund University have developed a highly portable alternative that could become a key item in first aid kits. This device is essentially a syringe with an ultrathin needle— thinner than a human hair—that injects a solution containing nanoparticles. Upon contact with tissue, this solution forms an electrically conductive polymer hydrogel.

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dissolved.

The next phase involves testing the gel on larger animals such as pigs, which more closely resemble humans. The team also aims to create a mobile app to operate the pacemaker.

Alcohol Use May Affect Future Generations Pre-Conception

The concept is to inject this hydrogel into the chest of a patient with arrhythmia, where it creates an electrode-like layer around the heart. The small injection site then serves as a contact point for an external device, such as a mobile phone, enabling ECG measurements and low-power electrical stimulation to regulate the heartbeat.

The team believes the nanoparticle gel can manage arrhythmia for up to five days, giving patients sufficient time to reach a hospital for more lasting treatment. The gel is naturally expelled by the body afterward, eliminating the need for surgical removal.

tion impacts fetal development and long-term health.

While it’s well-known that a father’s alcohol abuse can adversely affect his children’s mental health and social development, it hasn’t been clear whether paternal drinking has lasting biological impacts on their physical health.

My lab’s recent study reveals that chronic alcohol use by both parents can have long-term effects on their offspring, accelerating aging and increasing susceptibility to diseases.

Impact of Alcohol Use Disorders on Health

Image Credits: Pixabay

The environment in which a person lives, including their home, family, and community, influences their health.

Researchers examining these social determinants of health are exploring whether genetics or upbringing has a greater impact on an individual’s ability to combat disease.

Tests in zebrafish and chicken embryos showed that the gel functioned as intended. It adhered to the heart without disrupting its rhythm. Importantly, no toxicity or behavioral changI am a developmental physiologist es were observed in the test subjects researching how alcohol consumpwhile the gel was in use or after it had

The National Institutes of Health reports that nearly 11% of U.S. adults suffer from an alcohol use disorder.

Excessive drinking leads to various health issues, such as liver disease, heart conditions, reduced cognitive function, and premature aging.

These health problems can be passed from parents to their children. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders encompass a variety of alcohol-induced physical, developmental, and behavioral issues that impact up to 1 in 20 school-aged children in the U.S. Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders often develop adult diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease, at an earlier age. For individPage. 6

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Healthcare

uals with these disorders, cardiovascular disease can start in adolescence, whereas it typically appears in the general population in their 40s and 50s.

Additionally, children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are more likely to be hospitalized and have a lifespan that is 40% shorter than those without these conditions.

Uncertainty Over Causes of Health Issues However, it remains uncertain whether these health issues are due to life circumstances—people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders frequently have high rates of psychiatric disorders that contribute to stress, making them more vulnerable to aging and disease—or if their parents’ substance use has a direct, lasting negative impact on their health.

In other words, does a parent’s alcohol abuse before conception directly affect their child’s physical health and lifespan?

In our study, my colleagues and I utilized a mouse model to examine how alcohol consumption by the mother, father, or both parents around the time of conception impacts their offspring’s aging and risk of chronic disease. The mice had the freedom to decide when and how much alcohol to consume.

We discovered that alcohol consumption by both the father and mother leads to damaging changes in their offspring’s mitochondria. Mitochondria, often referred to as the cell’s powerhouses, play a crucial role in regulating aging and overall health.

Similar to how a cellphone battery degrades over time, mitochondria also deteriorate, which impairs cells’ ability to repair damage and regulate metabolism.

Impact of Paternal Alcohol Consumption on Offspring’s Mitochondrial Health Our experiments with mice reveal that a father’s alcohol consumption results in a mitochondrial dysfunction that begins during fetal development and continues into adulthood, leading to accelerated aging in the offspring.

For instance, paternal alcohol exposure led to a twofold increase in age-related liver disease, indicating that parental alcohol use—especially by the father—could significantly impact aging and the development of age-related diseases.

Notably, we found that the effects on the offspring were more severe when both parents consumed alcohol compared to just one. For example, when both parents drank, there was a threefold increase in age-related liver scarring.

Individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome face lifelong difficulties, including issues with hand-eye coordination and challenges with memory and attention.

Educational Strategies for Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Early educational interventions for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, such as using visual and auditory tools instead of printed materials, can offer additional structure to support learning.

While my team and I studied the effects of chronic alcohol exposure, we do not yet know if moderate alcohol consumption also leads to mitochondrial issues.

It is also unclear whether similar effects occur in people whose parents drank heavily but who were not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Although the impact of paternal drinking on human embryonic development remains uncertain, emerging research suggests a possible connection.

The next step is to investigate whether interventions focused on improving mitochondrial health, such as exercise and specific diets, could enhance health outcomes for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

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Guitar-String-Inspired Tech Enhances Blood Pressure Monitoring

settings.

Less critical patients may use devices that repeatedly measure blood pressure with traditional inflatable cuffs. However, these devices might miss fluctuations in blood pressure between readings, and the repeated arm squeezing can become uncomfortable over time.

Innovative Inspiration from Guitar Strings

Blood vessels such as the carotid artery resonate in a distinct manner when excited by ultrasound pulses. Depositphotos

Currently, doctors who need to continuously monitor a patient’s blood pressure must surgically insert a catheter into one of the individual’s arteries. However, a safer and much less invasive alternative might be on the horizon, inspired by the tuning of guitar strings.

Limitations of Arterial Catheterization While the existing “arterial catheterization” technique provides accurate, continuous blood pressure readings, it is time-consuming to set up and calibrate. Moreover, since the catheter can remain in the artery for days, patients might experience pain, infections, bleeding, or ischemia (restricted blood flow).

As a result, doctors typically limit this technique to patients in acute care

Seeking a better solution, scientists from Caltech and the California-based startup Esperto Medical drew inspiration from guitar strings.

When tuning a guitar, you adjust the tension of each string until it resonates at the desired tone when plucked. Similarly, the Caltech/Esperto team’s “resonance sonomanometry” system uses this principle in reverse to measure blood pressure.

These changes allow for the determination of blood pressure in that artery.

Unlike other experimental systems that use ultrasound to measure blood pressure, the resonance sonomanometry system does not need recalibration after its initial use.You can apply it to any major artery and use it with a diverse patient population.

Researchers have tested the technology on the carotid, axillary, brachial, and femoral arteries of human subjects, and the results have matched those of traditional methods. They currently use a handheld ultrasound transducer, but they believe that a much smaller device could eventually replace it and be worn continuously by the patient.

Engineers are Creating a Jet-Powered Flying Robot for Disaster Response

How the Resonance Sonomanometry System Works The system employs an external transducer to send ultrasound pulses through the patient’s skin and tissue to excite an underlying artery. By analyzing the echoes of these pulses, which bounce off the artery and return to the transducer, researchers can observe how the artery’s dimensions subtly change as it vibrates.

Jets for hands plus two more on the jetpack: the iRonCub3 is being designed for fast disaster response. Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia

Imagine you’re injured on a remote mountain trail and have contacted emergency services. If Italian research is successful, a small humanoid robot with a jetpack might be the first responder to reach you.

This project, developed by the Artificial and Mechanical Intelligence group at the Italian Institute of Technology (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia), is focused on getting the iCub, a child-sized biped originally designed for AI research, airborne using jet propulsion.

Jet-Powered Enhancements to Humanoid Design In addition to attaching a twin jet pack to the robot’s back, the team replaced the original flexible, human-like hands with additional jet engines, known as JetCats. According to the researchers, these engines can produce a maximum thrust of 1,000 N (approximately 225 lbf) and reach exhaust temperatures of up to 800 °C (1,472 °F).

Upgrades for Strength and Durability The Tony Stark-inspired iRonCub3 has been upgraded with a newly designed titanium spine to withstand the forces it will encounter and now features heat-resistant covers instead of the stylish outer suit used on an earlier prototype.

The team has also designed new electronics, installed force-torque sensors

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Robotics

in the jetpack, and removed certain components to accommodate the updated system.

As shown in the video above, the project is still in its early development stages. However, the team has already tested the jet-powered humanoid in a wind tunnel to verify aerodynamic simulations.

Although the jets have been activated several times, the iRonCub3 has not yet taken flight. Despite this, the team is confident that it will soon achieve hovering.

In addition, flight control algorithms have been developed and tested, and a trajectory planner has been validated through simulations. The team is now working on estimating the robot’s position and orientation in space using data from its inertial measurement unit and a chest-mounted RealSense depth camera.

Unique Challenges in Jet-Powered Robotics “The complexity of this research is quite different from the typical challenges in humanoid robotics,” the researchers noted. Thermodynamics is crucial because the turbine exhaust gas

reaches around 800 degrees Celsius and nearly the speed of sound.

The aerodynamics of multi-body systems require neural networks with physics-informed components to be evaluated in real time.

Controller settings must integrate high- and low-bandwidth actuators for both joints and turbines, and planners need to generate trajectories not just for the motors but also for the turbines. Experimental validation is both serious and hazardous, leaving little room for error.

The ultimate goal is to develop humanoid robots capable of flying to disaster or emergency sites to perform aerial inspections or provide crucial data to remote teams. These robots would also be able to land, walk, navigate obstacles, climb stairs, open doors, and more.

Such capabilities would be useful for early-stage rescues and for inspecting dangerous buildings or infrastructure.

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CLIMATE & ENVIRONMENT

Experts warn that climate change could lead to bridges collapsing like “Tinkertoys.”

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Engineers warn that extreme heat and flooding are accelerating the deterioration of bridges, presenting a growing but often overlooked threat.

Image Credits: Dr Yolanda Waters

Reef tourism promotes climate action

Image Credits: Getty Images

Ecosystems study finds the higher the environUniversity of Queensland resear- mental stress, the lower ch reveals that informing touris- the resistance to global ts about the climate impact on change the Great Barrier Reef does not harm their experience and may actually promote climate action.

The study of 656 visitors found that most responded positively to climate change information and desired more details on how to contribute to solutions.

Dr. Yolanda Waters noted that providing climate information enhances visitor experiences rather than detracting from them. The study involved five boat operators in Cairns and Townsville, using marine biology presentations, posters, videos, and discussions about climate impacts.

Dr. Waters emphasized that this research shows tourism can effectively support climate action and improve communication about environmental issues. https://bit.ly/3zau9av

An international study led by IRNAS-CSIC reveals that as global change factors multiply, terrestrial ecosystems become increasingly sensitive to their impacts, weakening their resistance to environmental stressors over time. The research, published in *Nature Geoscience*, underscores how prolonged exposure to multiple global change drivers, such as increased CO2 and warming, diminishes ecosystems’ capacity to maintain essential services like primary productivity. The study highlights the crucial need to reduce global change drivers associated with human activity to sustain ecosystems.

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NASA Mission Captures First Image of Polar Heat Emissions NASA’s latest mission, PREFIRE, has begun collecting data on far-infrared radiation emitted by the Arctic and Antarctic. This data will help predict how climate change impacts Earth’s ice, seas, and weather.

The mission uses two CubeSats, launched on May 25 and June 5. The first CubeSat started sending data on July 1, and the second on July 25, though its data release is delayed due to a GPS issue. https://go.nasa.gov/3MEN00l

Page. 13 Image Credits: Freepik

China’s Views on AI Safety Are Changing—Quickly

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

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China’s approach to AI safety has evolved rapidly over the past two years, with growing recognition of its importance among top scientists and policymakers. A significant policy document released by the Chinese Communist Party in July 2024 called for oversight systems to ensure AI safety, signaling official concern. https://bit.ly/4g1jCPA

Image Credits: Buffalo.edu

UB researchers identify safety vulnerabilities in AI systems for driverless Artificial intelligence is essential for self-driving vehicles, handling tasks like decision-making and sensing. However, University at Buffalo research shows these AI systems might be vulnerable to attacks. For example, 3D-printed objects could potentially make a vehicle invisible to AI-powered radar.

While this research doesn’t imply that current autonomous vehicles are unsafe, it raises concerns for industries and policymakers. Chunming Qiao from UB emphasizes the need to secure AI systems against threats, as self-driving cars are poised to become a major transportation mode.

Image Credits: U_8wvjvqzkws_ Pixabay

Machine Learning Tool Identifies Different Subtypes of Rheumatoid Arthritis AI technologies can effectively and efficiently classify pathology samples from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients into subtypes. A machine-learning tool developed by Weill Cornell Medicine and the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) assists in distinguishing these RA subtypes, potentially enhancing treatment approaches for this complex condition.

Space Debris Found While Snorkeling A man stumbled across probable space debris while snorkeling on Cayos Cochinos, a remote island cluster off the coast of Honduras in Central America.

Mike Irmen and his family were visiting the islands when they spotted the debris conspicuously lying on the beach. The debris was labeled with the word “Ariane,” prompting Irmen to turn to Reddit for help in identifying it.

Published on August 29 in *Nature Communications*, the study demonstrates that artificial intelligence and machine learning can streamline and improve the subtyping of pathology samples from RA patients.

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COMING UP NEXT

TERM OF THE WEEK

Wormhole Wormhole: A hypothetical tunnel connecting two separate points in spacetime, potentially allowing faster-than-light travel.

Entanglement in Many-Body Systems: From Nuclei to Quantum Computers and Back Organizers: Mari Carmen Banuls (Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Munich, Germany), Susan Coppersmith (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia), Calvin Johnson (San Diego State University, California, USA) and Caroline Robin (Bielefeld University, Germany).

Check it out Page. 17

Solution to the previous brainteaser: The terms of the series are 23-3, 33-3, 43-3, 53-3, 63-3, and so on. So 27 is the wrong term, which should be replaced by 33-3 = 24.makes it 5 p.m.

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This Week in Science

Tech, Healthcare

New Living Plastic Breaks Down After Disposal

Image Credits: Depositphotos

Scientists have developed a ‘living plastic‘ that self-destructs when it starts to erode. During composting, this innovative material breaks down in just a month, whereas conventional plastics can take up to 55 days to decompose under similar conditions.

This promising technology is inspired by plastic-degrading proteins, naturally produced by a type of bacteria discovered at a recycling plant in Japan in 2016. Since then, researchers have identified other bacteria that have evolved enzymes capable of breaking down plastic.

These natural proteins have inspired synthetic versions that are even more effective at digesting plastic waste.

Incorporating Enzyme-Secreting Spores into Plastics At the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), synthetic biologist Chenwang Tang and his team have managed

to incorporate bacterial spores that secrete these enzymes directly into polycaprolactone (PCL) plastic. This means that as the plastic begins to break down, the released enzymes can complete the degradation process.

Enzymes, being large and complex proteins, are typically unstable or fragile. To address this, the researchers engineered the gene for a lipase enzyme from the bacterium Burkholderia cepacia (BC) into the DNA of another microbe, Bacillus subtilis, which, in spore form, can withstand high temperatures and pressures.

Enhanced Plastic Degradation with Engineered Enzymes As the plastic’s surface erodes, the freed spores start to germinate, leading the growing B. subtilis to express its version of BC-lipase, which effectively degrades the PCL molecules.

When another lipase from the yeast Candida antarctica was used to accelerate the process, the plastic degraded within a week. In contrast, traditional PCL plastics treated under the same conditions remained intact for over three weeks. Testing Spore Survival in Various Plastics Production The temperatures and pressures needed to produce PCL are not as extreme as those required for other types of plastics. To see if the spores could endure the processes needed to create other plastics, researchers at

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CAS modified the bacteria to express fluorescent markers.

They tested several types of plastic, including PBS (polybutylene succinate), PBAT (polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate), PLA (polylactic acid), PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates), and even PET (polyethylene terephthalate), which requires temperatures up to 300°C.

The CAS team hopes their new technique could eventually lead to the development of sustainable, biodegradable materials that do not pollute the planet for hundreds of years after a single use.

Our Gut Microbiomes may be Hiding Promising New Antibiotics

When these spore-infused plastics were physically degraded or boiled, they began to glow, indicating that the spores survived the ‘baking process‘ and released their contents as planned when the plastic started to erode.

Durability and Robustness of Living Plastics The research team at CAS noted, “The living plastics remained stable when soaked in soda (Sprite) for 60 days, suggesting their potential use as packaging materials.” Additionally, the plastics were able to “completely disintegrate without the use of antibiotics, demonstrating the robustness of the system.”

While this study is only a proof of concept, it presents an intriguing potential solution to the escalating issue of plastic pollution. Over the past two decades, plastic production has doubled, and the environmental impact of plastic waste is becoming increasingly evident.

Image Credits: Pixabay

Bacteria are developing resistance to antibiotics more quickly than new drugs can be created, so scientists are exploring the human gut—a highly competitive environment with about 100 trillion microbes—to find potential components for combating diseases.

Researchers in the US examined the gut microbiomes of 1,773 individuals, analyzing 444,054 proteins that had been previously identified for their potential as antibiotics.

High Success Rate in Lab-Synthesized Proteins Suggests Gut Microbiome as

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This Week in Science

Healthcare, Space & Environment

a Rich Source for New Antibiotics Out of the 78 most promising proteins that the team synthesized and tested in the lab, 70.5 percent were effective against microbes like bacteria.

This indicates they could potentially be developed into antibiotics and suggests that our guts contain a diverse range of substances capable of combating harmful bacteria. “Biology is viewed as a source of information,” says César de la Fuente, a bioengineer from the University of Pennsylvania.

“Everything can be seen as code. If we develop algorithms to analyze that code, we can significantly speed up the discovery of new antibiotics.”

Prevotellin-2 Shows Potent Antibacterial Effects Comparable to Leading Antibiotics One of the most promising proteins identified, prevotellin-2, demonstrated antibacterial effects comparable to polymyxin B, a leading antibiotic used against infections resistant to multiple other drugs.

“This indicates that exploring the human microbiome for new and unique antimicrobial peptides is a promising direction for researchers, physicians, and especially for patients,” says Ami Bhatt, a physician-scientist at Stanford University.

While there is still much work to be done to turn these proteins into func-

tional antibiotics, these initial findings are very encouraging—particularly if their effectiveness matches that of existing ‘last-resort‘ drugs.

The researchers also point out that the proteins discovered are structurally different from traditional antimicrobial molecules, potentially offering entirely new avenues for developing treatments against superbugs.

“Interestingly, these molecules have a different composition from what has typically been considered antimicrobial,” notes Marcelo Torres, a bioengineer at the University of Pennsylvania.

“The compounds we’ve identified represent a new class of antimicrobials, and their unique characteristics will help us broaden our understanding of antimicrobial sequences.”

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it’s a continuous battle to stay ahead of the evolving bacteria.

However, the findings from this research support the initial hypothesis: that the gut, being a competitive environment where organisms must constantly adapt to survive, may equip our microbiome with the ability to produce targeted drugs to combat other infections.

“It’s such a tough environment,” says de la Fuente.

“There are countless bacteria coexisting, but also competing against each other. Such an environment may encourage innovation.”

Space Debris Found While Snorkeling

Accelerating Antibiotic Discovery by Leveraging Naturally Existing Sources Developing antibiotics from natural sources traditionally requires significant time and effort, which is why de la Fuente and his team are searching for antibiotic sources already present in nature that can be activated more quickly.

This search is critical, as antibiotic resistance is a rapidly growing issue, exacerbated by environmental factors, and has already contributed to millions of deaths. Scientists are tirelessly working to find solutions, but

America.

Mike Irmen and his family were visiting the islands when they spotted the debris conspicuously lying on the beach. The debris was labeled with the word “Ariane,” prompting Irmen to turn to Reddit for help in identifying it.

The mystery was quickly solved, aided by the identifying logo. A Reddit user named ColossalDiscoBall, who works in the field, confirmed that the panels were produced in Switzerland

by Beyond Gravity (formerly RUAG Space) as part of the Ariane 5 launch system.

Irmen, an aerospace engineer from Dayton, Ohio, suspected it was the upper cowling of a rocket. He explained that the upper cowling covers the payload during launch and is jettisoned after leaving the Earth’s atmosphere.

The piece found does indeed seem to be part of the Ariane 5 fairing, a component of Europe’s main launch system from 1996 to 2023.

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A man stumbled across probable space debris while snorkeling on Cayos Cochinos, a remote island cluster off the coast of Honduras in Central

The European Space Agency explains that the Ariane 5 rocket fairing protected the payload during ascent, and was jettisoned approximately three minutes after liftoff once the launcher left Earth’s atmosphere.

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CARS & GADGETS

Is Astro Bot the Video Game of the Year?

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JOYING Double Din Car Stereo 12.3-inch Android 12 Head Unit: A Comprehensive Review The 12.3-inch JOYING Double Din Car Stereo is an Android 12 unit that offers an enhanced entertainment and navigation experience for vehicles. With features such as fast start-up, digital audio output for high quality sound, built-in 4G module for internet access, and accurate GPS with support for offline maps, it provides practicality and connectivity.

In addition, the system is compatible with CarPlay and Android Auto wirelessly, making it easy to use mobile applications.

However, it requires specific accessories for installation and does not support some of the car’s factory features, such as GPS and Bluetooth. https://amzn.to/4dMufUM

iPhone 15 Pro Max Magnetic Fast Wireless Charger: The Ultimate 3-in-1 Foldable Charging Station for Travel The iPhone 15 Pro Max Magnetic Fast Wireless Charger is a foldable 3-in-1 charging station designed to quickly charge iPhones, Apple Watches and AirPods simultaneously. Equipped with a 20W adapter, it offers fast charging with a compact, magnetic design that makes it easy to align and portable.

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Astro Bot is an enchanting 3D platformer that takes full advantage of the PlayStation 5’s DualSense controller, offering immersive gameplay and charming mechanics. Players guide Astro on a mission to save his BOT crew scattered across 50 planets, meeting iconic PlayStation heroes and discovering new powers and surprises.

The game offers a nostalgic tribute to the PlayStation legacy, while providing frustration-free exploration and creative boss battles. With its captivating gameplay, charming design and homage to beloved franchises, Astro Bot is a strong contender for Game of the Year.

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As well as being safe, with protections against overcharging and overheating, the package includes all the accessories needed for an efficient and reliable charging experience anywhere.

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Why Physics Is Unreasonably Good at Creating New Math

MATHEMATICS

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String Theory Leads to Accidental Huge Change in Mathematics Physicists studying string theory, Arnab Priya Saha and Aninda Sinha, accidentally discovered a new formula for calculating the digits of pi while investigating interactions between fundamental forces such as gravity and electromagnetism. This discovery, published as a detail in their article on string theory in Physical Review Letters, highlights how mathematics and physics are deeply intertwined.

Although the focus of his research was the unification of the forces of the universe, the unexpected discovery of a formula for pi demonstrates the ubiquity of this number in natural phenomena and the potential for new advances in different areas of knowledge. https://bit.ly/3MzC8Be

Science in the Palm of Your Hand Luís Amaral, an engineering professor at Northwestern, has made a name for himself by turning his diverse research into accessible tools for the scientific community. With the help of his team and collaborators, Amaral has developed apps such as Silhouette, which analyzes microscopy data, Find My Understudied Genes, which helps identify understudied genes, and Earthtunes, which allows you to listen to seismic waves from the Earth.

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The interconnection between physics and mathematics reveals a deep and dynamic relationship, where mathematics often serves as the basis for physical advances, as evidenced by Einstein’s theory of relativity. Originally developed for practical purposes, mathematics has evolved into an abstract field that, paradoxically, has proven extremely effective in describing physical phenomena. https://bit.ly/47gjVlJ

Dragusha: Why Should “X” Be Found in Mathematics? This Is Not Innovative Besnik Dragusha, President of the Kosovo Parents’ Council, criticized Kosovo’s traditional approach to teaching mathematics, arguing that it lacks innovation and fails to engage students effectively. He suggests that the current practice of presenting conventional problems, such as finding “X”, is outdated and uninspiring.

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These applications, designed for macOS, iOS and Windows, facilitate scientific research and make complex information more accessible, demonstrating how the combination of scientific knowledge and technological development can expand the reach and usefulness of research. https://bit.ly/3TcPmHJ

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QUANTUM REALM

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Scientists Make Significant Progress Towards Unifying Classical and Quantum Gravity Recent research by Soham Sen and Prof. Sunandan Gangopadhyay has made significant progress towards the unification of classical and quantum gravity. Their work, published in the European Physical Journal C, reveals an uncertainty relation induced by the noise of gravitons, the hypothetical quantum particles that measure gravity.

This research provides evidence for the quantization of gravity and the coupling between particles and the quantized gravitational field. By analyzing the behavior of free-falling bodies in a quantum gravitational field, their findings show a true quantum gravitational effect, advancing the search for a comprehensive quantum theory of gravity that integrates with classical physics. https://bit.ly/4gcMhB8

Inflation and Dark Matter: A Contrast to String Theory Dark matter, dark energy and cosmic inflation are fundamental theories of modern physics, supported by substantial empirical evidence. Dark matter explains the gravitational effects observed in galaxies and galaxy clusters, dark energy is responsible for the accelerated expansion of the Universe and inflation solves the main problems of the Big Bang model through a rapid initial expansion.

In contrast, string theory, although an intriguing framework that aims to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics, lacks direct experimental support and remains speculative. While dark matter, dark energy and inflation are based on robust observations, the predictions of string theory have yet to be confirmed, which highlights the distinction between well-supported scientific theories and speculative ideas. https://bit.ly/4ec1EIa Image Credits: NASA_Goddard_Wade Sisler

Scientists Say Wormholes Are Secretly Altering Our Reality

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Recent research suggests that microscopic wormholes may be influencing our understanding of the universe by altering the cosmological constant, a fundamental parameter in cosmological models. According to a study published in the journal Physical Review D, these wormholes can reconcile the discrepancies between the observed and theoretical values of the cosmological constant, which quantum field theories predict to be much larger than observed. https://bit.ly/3ZiQsFP

What is Quantum Gravimetry?

Quantum gravimetry is an innovative advance in the measurement of gravitational fields, using principles of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement, to achieve unparalleled precision. By employing ultra-cold atoms and advanced quantum techniques, quantum gravimeters can detect minute fluctuations in gravity, offering significant improvements in fields such as geophysical surveys, civil engineering and autonomous systems.

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BIOTECH & GENETIC

New Technology Could Safely Treat Hundreds of Genetic Diseases

Metagenomic Sequence Analyses Uncover Marine Microbe Genomes With Potential for Biotechnology

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An international study analyzed metagenomic data from marine microorganisms collected from global ocean samples, assembling over 43,000 genomes, including 9,900 new sequences. https://bit.ly/3ZcaAsQ Image Credits: caltech.edu

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New Genetic-Editing Technique to Alter the Traits and Fates of Wild Populations

Researchers at the University of Hawaii have developed a new gene editing technique that promises to transform the treatment of genetic diseases.

The innovative approach uses a super-active integrase to insert therapeutic genes with a success rate of up to 96%, without causing breaks in the DNA, overcoming limitations of traditional techniques.

The new gene editing technique, known as Allele Sail, developed by researchers from Caltech and Macquarie University, offers an innovative approach to modifying wild populations in a more controlled and less controversial way than traditional gene drives.

Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, Allele Sail introduces low-frequency gene editors, which alter the genes of organisms that interact with them, replicating the natural process of genetic inheritance. This allows for precise and subtle modifications, such as increasing the resistance of corals to heat or reducing the toxicity of invasive species, overcoming the regulatory concerns associated with the rapid spread of transgenes. https://bit.ly/47h69PN

This technology not only makes the treatment of genetic diseases faster and safer, but could also revolutionize the production of therapeutic proteins and other biologics. With the potential to impact hundreds of genetic conditions and accelerate the development of advanced therapies, this innovation marks a significant advance in personalized medicine and the production of effective treatments.

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Researchers Find Genetic Variant for Speed of Hair Graying and Susceptibility to Skin Melanoma in Horses A recent study carried out by Uppsala University has identified a genetic variant linked to the rapid ageing of hair and susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma in horses. The research points out that the presence of a duplicated DNA sequence in the Syntaxin 17 gene determines these characteristics. Horses with three copies of this duplicated sequence (G3 variant) show rapid ageing and a significantly higher risk of melanoma, while horses with two copies (G2 variant) show slower ageing with no increased risk of melanoma.

Image Credits: Nature Communications (2024)

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Myth or real

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Best Multivitamins: 10 Top Choices to Boost Your Health and Overall Wellness

WELLNESS Top Stories in Women’s Health: Hormone Therapy and Substance Use During Menopause Images Credits: indianexpress.com

How to Spot Prediabetes Before It Becomes Diabetes Images Credits: alvarez_Getty Images

Recent studies in women’s health highlight significant findings: Hormone therapy (HT) for postmenopausal women is associated with slower biological aging, especially when started after age 55 or used for 4 to 8 years. Concurrently, heavy use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and opioids is linked to increased frequency of menopause symptoms, such as hot flashes, mood changes, and musculoskeletal pain. Cannabis use for menopause symptoms remains popular but lacks strong evidence for effectiveness. Additionally, at-home administration of misoprostol during the second trimester has been shown to be safe and effective, reducing hospital time. Finally, preexisting diabetes triples the odds of stillbirth, with a higher risk associated with type 2 diabetes, highlighting the importance of careful management during pregnancy. https://cnet.co/4efFQvE

Prediabetes, a critical precursor to diabetes, often shows no symptoms but can lead to severe health complications, including cardiovascular diseases and kidney damage. It is diagnosed through elevated blood sugar levels, specifically Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) or Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT). Early intervention, primarily through lifestyle changes like improved diet, exercise, and weight loss, is crucial in managing prediabetes and preventing its progression.

For those who do not respond to lifestyle changes, metformin may be used. Regular screening is recommended for all adults over 30 and those at higher risk, such as individuals with a family history of diabetes or other related conditions. Managing prediabetes effectively can help avoid the onset of full-blown diabetes and its associated health risks. https://bit.ly/4dRD3bZ

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Yoga stands out as a powerful tool for supporting older people’s mental and emotional health, providing significant benefits as we age. Through physical postures, meditation, and breathing exercises, yoga can improve cognitive function, increasing the volume of grey matter in regions of the brain associated with memory and concentration, promoting better blood circulation, and creating new neural connections. https://bit.ly/3Z5MwYK

Best Multivitamins: 10 Top Choices to Boost Your Health and Overall Wellness In today’s busy world, it can be challenging to meet all nutritional needs through diet alone, making multivitamin supplements a valuable addition for filling gaps. The top 10 multivitamins for overall health and wellness include options tailored for specific needs, such as boosting energy, supporting immune function, and enhancing skin, hair, and bone health.

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NUTRITION

Sugar Substitutes Are Everywhere—Even in These Surprising Sugar substitutes are increasingly found in surprising foods like cereals, marinated meats, and even microwave popcorn, in addition to soft drinks. While they help reduce sugar intake, experts are concerned about potential health risks such as an increased likelihood of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, depression, and negative effects on gut health.

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The 12 Best Vegetables To Eat For Healthy Weight Loss, According To Dietitians

Although many of these substances are approved by regulatory bodies, the widespread and growing use of nonsugar sweeteners raises questions about their long-term effects, with moderation in consumption being advised.

Vegetables are essential for a healthy diet and can aid in weight loss due to their low calorie content and high fiber levels, which promote satiety. Among the best vegetables for this purpose, according to nutritionists, are cauliflower, which is versatile and rich in antioxidants; Brussels sprouts, offering important vitamins like C and K; and zucchini, which is high in water and fiber.

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Tracking Nutrition and Meals for Alzheimer’s

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Nutrition can help slow Alzheimer’s progression, with diets like Mediterranean and keto showing protective effects. Research has shown that these diets may improve cognitive function by providing alternative brain fuels and reducing inflammation. Supplements like omega-3s, curcumin, and probiotics may further support brain health in Alzheimer’s patients. https://bit.ly/3MyXHl9

What is the Healthiest Seafood to Eat? Experts Share Top Picks Seafood is widely considered a healthy food, rich in nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, protein, vitamins, and minerals that support heart, brain, and overall health. Experts recommend incorporating a variety of seafood into your diet, with options like wild salmon, sardines, sablefish, and Atlantic mackerel standing out as the healthiest due to their high omega-3 content and low mercury levels.

Other vegetables such as artichokes, bell peppers, and sweet potatoes, in addition to providing essential nutrients, help control appetite and improve digestion, making them valuable allies in weight management.

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FITNESS

Emotion-Sensing VR Games Boost Fitness Participation

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A University of Bath study found that adaptive VR exergames, using sensors to track users’ emotional states, can improve workout enjoyment and consistency. By adjusting difficulty based on real-time physiological changes, these games help users stay engaged and motivated.

Images Credits: maddyness.com Image Credits: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024)

Study Links Cardiovascular Fitness to Brain Health White matter in the brain, composed of myelinated axons, deteriorates with age, leading to conditions like Alzheimer’s and multiple sclerosis. A study by the NIH examined the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and white matter integrity. Using advanced MRI, the study found a strong correlation between higher fitness levels and improved myelination, particularly in older adults.

The study suggests that cardiorespiratory fitness may help protect sensitive brain regions, although no causal link was confirmed. The findings highlight the potential of fitness as a target for promoting brain health and preventing neurodegenerative diseases.

Gaming and Smart Fitness Tech Can Transform Health — If Designed Right AI-driven innovations are transforming health products, with the AI in Healthcare market projected to soar from $20.9B in 2024 to $148.4B by 2029. Companies like Boxx and Quell are already offering immersive, gamified fitness experiences that track movement and heart rate, inspiring users to stay active.

Human-centric design, seen in products like the Xbox Adaptive Controller, is key to making these technologies accessible.

By focusing on durability, sustainability, and user needs, companies can develop long-lasting devices that promote fitness and wellness for diverse users.

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Turning Exercise Pain Into Pleasure with Technology Researchers at the University of Bath are developing virtual reality (VR) exergames that use sensors to track emotional states and adapt the game accordingly, making exercise more engaging. By monitoring physiological changes such as pupil size and heart rate, the game adjusts its difficulty, motivating users to continue.

This new approach could address the common issue of users quitting due to boredom or discomfort. With sensors embedded in VR headsets and wearables, games can become emotionally intelligent, providing personalized workouts that keep users motivated for longer.

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WOMEN HEALTH

Blood Test Predicts Heart Attack and Stroke Risk Decades Early

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New research from Brigham and Women’s Hospital reveals that three blood biomarkers—LDL-C, hsCRP, and lipoprotein(a)—can predict cardiovascular risk in women much earlier than previous methods. This study, covering 27,939 women over 30 years, highlights the need for earlier intervention.

Image Credits: cbsnews.com

Women with false positiTop Stories in Women’s ve mammograms are less Health: Hormone Therapy likely to return for followBenefits and Menopause -up, study say Substance Use A recent study found that postmenopausal women who used hormone therapy were biologically younger than those who did not, especially among those with lower socioeconomic status. The study suggests that hormone therapy after age 55 or for 4 to 8 years may slow biological aging.

Additionally, heavy use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and opioids was linked to increased menopause symptoms, such as hot flashes and mood changes.

Cannabis use remains under-researched despite reports of its use for managing menopause symptoms.

https://bit.ly/4cSUEit

A recent University of California-Davis study reveals that women with false positive mammograms are less likely to return for follow-up screenings. False positives, which occur in 10 to 12% of mammograms for women in their 40s, often lead to anxiety but are usually benign.

The study highlights that Asian and Hispanic women are particularly less likely to return, potentially exacerbating health disparities. Doctors emphasize the importance of continuing regular screenings, even after a false positive, to ensure early detection and effective treatment.

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Mothers Bear the Mental Load of Housework, Affecting Well-Being Housework isn’t just physical labor; it involves mental effort like planning and organizing tasks, known as the “mental load.” Our study found that mothers bear a heavier mental load than their partners, managing 73% of cognitive household tasks. This uneven split takes a toll on women’s mental health, increasing stress and burnout. https://bit.ly/3z9QgxR Image Credits: news.harvard.edu

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Generational Differences in Men’s Health

MEN HEALTH

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The Cleveland Clinic’s national survey reveals generational differences in men’s health priorities and behaviors.

While 95% of men prioritize a healthy lifestyle, Gen Z men often lack established primary care, affecting their health checks. Most men fear cancer (74%), yet screening rates are low.

Many Gen X and Boomers+ have not undergone recommended colorectal cancer screening, and a quarter of men over 50 are unsure about prostate cancer screening.

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Weekend Sleep Boosts Heart Health, Study Finds

Supporting Male Fertility: A Guide for Nursing Staff

New research from Chinese scientists, presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress, highlights the health benefits of catching up on sleep. Analyzing data from 90,903 subjects, the study reveals that those who sleep more on weekends are 19% less likely to develop heart disease compared to those who catch up the least.

With male fertility concerns on the rise, new RCN guidance helps nursing staff expand their knowledge.

Male factor fertility, such as declined sperm quality or issues with conceiving, is as common as female factor fertility. Anne Howard, fertility nursing specialist and Deputy Chair of the RCN Fertility Nursing Forum, led the creation of this guidance to enhance understanding among nursing staff across various settings.

The findings suggest that compensatory sleep can lower heart disease risk, especially for those who experience regular weekday sleep deprivation. This is particularly beneficial for the significant portion of the population struggling with sleep issues.

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Survey: Age and Men’s Health Concerns A recent Cleveland Clinic survey reveals that while 95% of men prioritize a healthy lifestyle, they are less proactive about health measures. Gen X and Boomers are more diligent about annual exams and primary care compared to younger generations.

Many men fear cancer but avoid screenings. Dr. Bajic advises that symptoms often appear late and stresses the link between overall and sexual health, noting that erectile dysfunction could signal broader health issues.

https://cle.clinic/3TmllFw

Credits: Freepik

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GERONTOLOGY & Age-Defying Health: New ResearLIFE EXTENSION ch Unveils the ‘Longevity’ Gene Deleting S6K1 in mice reduces inflammation and extends lifespan by suppressing inflammatory proteins, pointing to new possibilities for treating age-related diseases. The protein is a key part of the mTOR pathway, regulating growth, metabolism, and senescence.

Images Credits: Getty Images

Developing a key life skill may boost longevity, according to a new health study New research suggests mental resilience can significantly impact lifespan, according to a study by the Karolinska Institute and Sun Yat-sen University.

Analyzing data from 10,500 adults, the findings revealed those with higher mental resilience had a 38 percent lower risk of mortality.

Recent research from the LMS and University of Tübingen shows that removing S6K1 in aged mouse livers reduces inflammation via SASP proteins, without impacting senescence. These findings highlight the interconnected roles of inflammation, metabolism, and aging, suggesting that modulating inflammation could be a promising approach to treating age-related conditions. https://bit.ly/47h6Nwy Images Credits: SciTechDaily.com

Aging’s Impact on Mental Acuity: A Debate

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I recently heard a young radio announcer use “wiggy” to describe older people, a term that struck me as a clear example of ageism. As a specialist in geriatric medicine with over 30 years of experience, this reflects a societal tendency to judge people based solely on age rather than their cognitive and functional abilities. https://bit.ly/3MVjiol

Japanese Man Sleeps 30 Minutes Daily: Why It May Not Work for You Daisuke Hori, a Japanese entrepreneur, claims he sleeps only 30 minutes daily, a habit he has maintained for 12 years without feeling fatigued.

He argues that high-quality, short-duration sleep is more beneficial than longer sleep periods for those with demanding jobs. However, experts like Dr. Navneet Sood highlight that quality sleep must include uninterrupted cycles of deep and REM sleep, essential for cognitive and physical health.

Amid a rising youth mental health crisis, psychiatrist Professor Patrick McGorry warns of the unprecedented challenges facing younger generations.

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PSYCHOLOGY

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Psychological Resilience Linked to Lower Mortality Researchers found that higher psychological resilience is strongly linked to lower all-cause mortality in older U.S. adults. Using data from more than 10,000 participants in the University of Michigan’s Health and Retirement Study, they observed a 25% reduction in the risk of death for each standard deviation increase in resilience.

This protective effect persisted even after accounting for factors like age, gender, race, and health behaviors.

The study emphasized the importance of promoting psychological resilience as a strategy for improving longevity and well-being. Interventions such as stress management programs and cognitive-behavioral therapy could be key to fostering resilience and supporting healthy aging in older populations. https://bit.ly/4gbxy9I

Long-Term Unemployment Causes Disengagement, Not Control Recovery Research in the *Journal of Personality* finds that prolonged unemployment leads to a loss of personal control and increased psychological and social disengagement.

The study, led by Wiktor Soral, involved 1,055 Polish participants, showing that long-term unemployment worsens well-being, fosters learned helplessness, and diminishes coping strategies.

Socially, long-term unemployed individuals became more disengaged from collective actions, exhibited defensive attitudes, and blamed external factors for their joblessness. However, they did not seek control through religious or system-justifying beliefs. One limitation is that the study’s cross-sectional nature prevents determining causality. https://bit.ly/3XnV0ci Images Credits: Freepik

Cynicism Isn’t Helping Anyone

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Cynicism, often seen as a sign of wisdom, is actually detrimental to both individuals and communities. Cynics experience more depression, earn less, and die younger than non-cynics, while also contributing to worse social and economic outcomes.

Despite this, cynicism is increasingly prevalent due to cultural norms that favor its perceived moral superiority over hope. https://bit.ly/4e8Foz2

New Approach Detects and Predicts Adolescent Mental Health via Brain-Environment Analysis Most mental health disorders emerge during adolescence due to complex brain–environment interactions. A new manifold learning technique, developed in a study published in *Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging*, improves mental health symptom detection and prediction by modeling these interactions.

Image Credits: Biological Psychiatry_ Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

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COMING UP NEXT

ALMANAC & ANIVERSARY August 31 Scientist Birthdays: - 1870: Maria Montessori, Italian physician and educator who developed the Montessori method of education.

- Scientific Discoveries: - 2000: Astronomers discovered the first solar system around a sun-like star (HD 209458).

September 1 Events: - 1979: Pioneer 11 became the first spacecraft to visit Saturn.

-Scientist Birthdays: - 1866: James J. Corbett, “father of modern boxing,” applied scientific principles to sports.

- Scientific Discoveries: - 2004: Genesis spacecraft crash-landed, but solar wind collectors were still studied.

- September 2 - Events: - 1666: The Great Fire of London destroyed over 13,000 houses and nearly 90 churches.

- Scientist Birthdays: - 1853: Wilhelm Ostwald, Nobel laureate for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria, and reaction velocities.

- Scientific Discoveries: - 2013: A study on CRISPR-Cas9 demonstrated genome editing in human cells.

- September 3 - Events: - 1976: Viking 2 landed on Mars, advancing Mars exploration.

- Scientist Birthdays: - 1856: Louis Sullivan, “father of skyscrapers” and modernism in architecture.

- Scientific Discoveries: - 2004: Japan’s Hayabusa spacecraft launched, later returning samples from an asteroid.

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- September 4 - Scientific Discoveries: - 1998: Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin.

- September 5 - Events: - 1977: NASA launched Voyager 1, the most distant human-made object from Earth.

- Scientist Birthdays: - 1847: Jesse James, more known for criminal exploits, studied in cultural contexts of heroism.

- Scientific Discoveries: - 2010: Discovery of potentially habitable exoplanet Gliese 581g (existence debated).

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13,600-Year-Old Mastodon Skull Found in Iowa Riverbank

ARCHEOLOGY

Image Credits: ARMSTRONG INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL FOUNDATION, Canva, Canva_Photos_City of the king David, Jerusalem, Israel

Artifact Confirming King David on Display in Edmond The Tel Dan Stele will be displayed at Herbert W. Armstrong College in Edmond, Oklahoma, from September 22 to November 25. This 9th-century BCE artifact, on loan from the Israel Museum, is part of the “Kingdom of David and Solomon Discovered” exhibit.

The stele, discovered in 1993, confirms King David as a historical figure. The exhibit also features over 50 artifacts from the United Monarchy period, including the Ophel Pithos inscription and the Ophel Electrum Basket Pendant, highlighting cultural exchanges of the era. https://bit.ly/3ZbqzaA

Image Credits: belloflostsouls.net

Sorry, ‘Senet’: New Study Shows Board Games Originated in Asia Recent archeological findings suggest that Senet, long considered the earliest board game, is not the original. New evidence from Azerbaijan’s Çapmalı rock shelter and Gobustan Reserve points to an older game, often called Hounds and Jackals, dating to the late third or early second millennium BCE. While uncertainty remains, this discovery highlights the ancient popularity of board games. It’s intriguing to think about which board games will captivate us in the year 6024.

A mastodon skull discovered in an Iowa riverbed provides a glimpse into the end of the Ice Age and early human presence in North America. The remains of Mammut americanum, including a 2-foot tusk, were unearthed by archaeologists from the University of Iowa, revealing potential insights into the creature’s life, such as calving history.

Stone tools found nearby suggest early human inhabitants were in the region when the mastodon lived. https://bit.ly/4dOivB3

Study Reveals Isolation and Pathogens in Early Medieval Spanish Community A comprehensive archaeogenetic study on the early medieval community of Las Gobas, conducted by researchers from Sweden and Spain, reveals their isolation despite centuries of regional upheaval. Published in *Science Advances*, the study found low levels of North African and Middle Eastern ancestry in Las Gobas compared to other medieval Iberian populations.

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TWIS 06-13 APR 24

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Imges Credits: Kirk Murray_University of Iowa Page. 42

SPACE EXPLORAThe Hunt for Dark Matter: AstroTION & COSMOL- nomers Uncover Unexpected Findings in the Lyman-Alpha Forest OGY Astronomers have used hydrogen in the Lyman-Alpha forest to trace dark matter, revealing tensions between cosmic observations and theoretical models. These tensions suggest the possibility of new particles or unusual effects caused by supermassive black holes.

Image Credits: Caltech_ MIT_ LIGO Lab

Dark Matter Search in Gravitational-Wave Data: New Constraints from LIGO Researchers used data from LIGO’s third observing run (2019– 2020) to search for scalar-field dark matter, which could cause oscillations in fundamental constants and alter the size of physical objects, including the detector’s beam splitter.

Although no signal was detected, the study set the most stringent limits yet on this form of dark matter, with a mass of 10–13 eV/c². The search will continue with future LIGO data and next-generation detectors, aiming to uncover more about this cosmic substance.

https://bit.ly/4eecRbA

By analyzing spectrograms of light from distant quasars, researchers were able to indirectly map dark matter’s presence through hydrogen, which follows dark matter’s gravitational pull. Although the findings are still preliminary, they hint at the potential discovery of unknown particles or new physics, marking a significant step in the ongoing hunt for dark matter. https://bit.ly/3TdDnJZ Image Credits: scitechdaily.com

NASA’s Webb Reveals Distorted Galaxy Forming Cosmic Question Mark

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has uncovered a rare cosmic question mark-shaped galaxy, a discovery made possible through a phenomenon called gravitational lensing.

This occurs when the massive galaxy cluster MACS-J0417.5-1154 warps space-time, distorting the appearance of galaxies behind it. https://go.nasa.gov/3z7sP8g

Bridging Quantum Mechanics and Cosmology: The Role of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle Recent research explores the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP), which proposes a minimum measurable length, challenging traditional physics and reshaping our understanding of space and time. By introducing an “effective” Planck constant that varies based on system conditions, this concept bridges quantum mechanics and cosmology, offering insights into the cosmological constant problem and linking to the Bekenstein entropy bound.

Image credits: Pixabay_CC0 Public Domain

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Image credits: science.nasa. gov

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Urban Machine: Revolutionizing Waste Wood Recovery with Robotics and AI

ENGINEERING, ROBOTS, IT

Image Credits: Freepik

Image Credits: utwente.nl

PhD Defence Alexander Dijkshoorn: 3D Printed Functional Structures for Flapping Wing Aerial Robotics Alexander Dijkshoorn’s PhD defence at the University of Twente focuses on enhancing flapping wing aerial robotics through 3D printed functional structures. His research, guided

by Prof. Dr. Ir. S. Stramigioli and Prof. Dr. Ir. G.J.M. Krijnen, explores the use of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to embed smart materials in robotic designs. https://bit.ly/3XvI980

A Double Twist Makes Cracking Easier to Resist: Innovative Concrete Design Inspired by Nature Researchers at Princeton Engineering have enhanced concrete’s crack resistance by drawing inspiration from nature and utilizing advanced manufacturing techniques. Their study, published in Nature Communications, introduces a double-helical design inspired by the scales of ancient coelacanth fish. This design, implemented through robotic additive manufacturing, improves crack resistance by up to 63% compared to conventional concrete.

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Urban Machine, a US-based startup, is revolutionizing sustainable wood recovery by employing robotics and AI to efficiently remove metal fasteners from waste wood generated by construction and demolition projects. This innovative approach addresses the labor-intensive and costly challenge of metal contamination, which often results in waste wood ending up in landfills. https://bit.ly/3B49buk

Robots Are Coming to the Kitchen—What That Could Mean for Society and Culture The advent of automated kitchens, driven by advanced robotics and AI, promises to revolutionize food preparation and consumption. These technologies, already employed in commercial kitchens for tasks like making sushi and baking bread, could profoundly impact society by altering cooking practices, social interactions, and cultural traditions.

Image Credits: singularityhub.com

By arranging concrete into weakly connected strands and applying a double-helical pattern, the researchers achieved significant toughness. https://bit.ly/4e6wX81

https://bit.ly/3MA5E9S

Image credits: Unsplash

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CURIOSITY Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems: Shaking the Foundations of Mathematics Welcome back to “Curiosity,” the section of our magazine where even the nerdiest whims are indulged!

Today, we’re diving into one of the brain-bending marvels of mathematical logic: Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems. Prepare to have your mind stretched like it’s on a mathematical rack, because we’re about to explore how Kurt Gödel turned mathematics on its head in 1931.

What is Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem?

In the lush jungles of mathematical logic, Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems are like Indiana Jones—exciting, revolutionary, and a little unsettling.

Kurt Gödel, a logician, mathematician, and philosopher, presented two theorems that challenged the very foundation of mathematical and logical systems: First Theorem: This theorem states that in any consistent formal system powerful enough to contain basic arithmetic, there are propositions that are true but that cannot be proven within the system. Imagine mathematics as a puzzle; Gödel showed us that there are pieces that perfectly fit the puzzle but mysteriously don’t come in the box.

Second Theorem: The second kick in mathematics’ gut comes with this theorem, which asserts that no consistent system can prove its own consistency. It’s like trying to lift yourself by your bootstraps—impossible and comically frustrating!

Intriguing Aspects of Gödel’s Incompleteness 1. The Limits of Formal Systems: Gödel’s work implies that for any set of mathematical rules, there are truths that simply can’t be captured by those rules. It’s as if mathematics said, “There are things I’ll never be able to tell you,” leaving mathematicians a bit heartbroken.

2. Impact on the “Entscheidungsproblem”: Gödel’s theorems were a response to David Hilbert’s Entscheidungsproblem, or decision problem, which asked whether there exists a mechanical procedure for solving all mathematical problems. Essentially, Gödel answered, “Nope, keep dreaming, Hilbert.”

3. Implications for Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence: The theorems have profound implications beyond mathematics, influencing philosophical debates about human cognition versus artificial intelligence. If certain mathematical truths are inherently unprovable, can machines (which operate within formal systems) ever fully replicate

human thought? It suggests there might always be a sliver of magic in human reasoning that machines can’t grasp.

4. The Loophole Exploit: In a twist fit for a spy novel, Gödel himself showed that while a system can’t prove its own consistency, it might be proven by a more powerful system looking in from the outside.

It’s like needing a friend to confirm that you’re not crazy—the friend being a beefier, more robust mathematical framework.

Why Should You Care?

At this point, you might wonder, “Why does this matter to me?” Besides the cool factor (mathematical drama is the best drama), Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems remind us of the beauty and mystery that persist in intellectual pursuits. They teach us humility in the face of the unknowable and challenge us to question the very frameworks we take for granted.

Conclusion: Embrace the Incomplete Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems are not just a mathematical curiosity; they are a philosophical and existential pondering on the limits of understanding. In the grand quest for knowledge, they reassure us that it’s okay not to have all the answers— some truths are beyond the realm

of proof but not beyond the realm of imagination. So, the next time you’re wrestling with an unsolvable problem, just think of Gödel and remember: even in mathematics, not everything adds up!

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3 Personality Traits That Can Doom a Romantic Relationship

PARENTING & RELATIONSHIPS

Finding lasting love involves more than just meeting someone through dating apps; it requires addressing certain negative personality traits that can undermine a relationship.

Traits like controlling behavior, relentless neediness, and violent outbursts can erode intimacy and stability over time. Additionally, substance abuse and severe untreated personality disorders pose significant challenges to maintaining a healthy relationship.

Image Credits: Adobe Stock

How Can You Find Love?

The Key to Attracting a Healthy Relationship Finding love requires a balance between seeking new experiences and personal growth. While expanding your social circles through activities you enjoy can increase the chances of meeting someone compatible, reflecting on past relationships and healing from heartbreaks is equally important. Unexpected connections can happen at any time, and being open to these possibilities is key. Contrary to popular belief, the idea that “opposites attract” often leads to friction, with shared values and interests being more important for long-term compatibility.

Ultimately, attracting a healthy relationship begins with self-love and becoming the kind of person you would want to be with. https://bit.ly/3ATXW7Z

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Image Credits: Vitaly Gariev_Unsplash

3 Personality Traits That Can Doom a Romantic Relationship Gaslighting and other control tactics, like love bombing, unpredictability, isolation, and cold-shouldering, can deeply harm individuals in relationships by eroding their sense of self and trust in others.

A study on survivors of intimate partner violence highlights how these manipulative behaviors create confusion and vulnerability. Recovery from such relationships requires time, self-care, and reconnecting with supportive people, but it can lead to personal growth and stronger boundaries. https://bit.ly/3Xg1HMh

https://bit.ly/47h9SNh

Relationship Tips: Why Being Emotionally Available is a Green Flag and Makes All the Difference Emotional availability is crucial for maintaining a healthy relationship as it involves being open, honest, and engaged in communication, which fosters trust and deepens connections. Unlike emotional unavailability, which creates barriers to intimacy and leads to confusion and frustration, emotional availability ensures both partners feel valued and supported.

Image credits: news.gsu.edu

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Image credits: pexels-cottonbro

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INVESTIMENT & FINANCE

Image Credits: Bloomberg _ Contributor _ Getty Images

Dell Technologies Inc. (DELL): This AI Stock Is Trending Right Now Dell Technologies Inc. (NYSE ) has emerged as a key player in the burgeoning AI sector, reflecting significant growth and strategic investment. The company’s recent performance includes impressive second-quarter earnings, surpassing expectations with record revenue driven by AI-driven servers and networking.

With the global AI market projected to surge to nearly $2 trillion by 2030, Dell’s strong performance and bullish outlook from analysts, such as Citi raising its price target, highlight its pivotal role in the AI industry. Despite its solid position, some believe other AI stocks may offer even greater potential for higher returns. https://bit.ly/3z84fUY

The Rise of No Contact: Understanding the Surge in Estrangement from Parents

Study Finds Virtual Delivery of SafeCare Parenting Program Holds Promise for Preventing Abuse, Neglect

Recent trends show a growing number of individuals choosing to cut off contact with their parents due to longstanding issues such as abuse, neglect, or emotional manipulation. This decision reflects shifting societal attitudes towards mental health, where prioritizing personal well-being over traditional family obligations is increasingly accepted.

A study by Georgia State University’s School of Public Health found that the SafeCare parenting program, which shifted from in-home to virtual delivery due to COVID-19, achieved similar positive outcomes in parenting skills regardless of the format. Analyzing data from nearly 3,000 families, researchers observed that virtual delivery of SafeCare, which focuses on reducing child abuse and neglect, was as effective as in-person visits.

Social media has amplified this trend by providing platforms for sharing experiences and finding support, while the decision to go no contact, despite its emotional challenges, often results in significant relief and empowerment. Seeking professional guidance can help individuals navigate the complexities of estrangement and support their mental health journey. https://bit.ly/3z84fUY

Image credits: Wesley Allsbrook

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

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Billionaire Investors Are Buying Alternatives Hand-Over-Fist Recent moves by billionaire investors highlight a strong interest in alternative investments, with notable figures such as Mario Gabelli, Ron Baron, and Joel Greenblatt increasing their stakes in prominent asset managers like KKR. This trend is mirrored by growing investments in Brookfield Asset Management and other key players like Blackstone and Blue Owl Capital.

Image credits: seekingalpha.com_MarsBars

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Image credits: Freepik

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RETIREMENT

Military Families Less Likely to Dip into Retirement Savings, Survey Says -- with One Big Exception

Retirement? There’s Utopia and Then There’s My Reality

TWIS 09-16 JUN 24

After deciding to retire 2½ years earlier than planned, in the midst of the pandemic, the expectation of a leisurely and carefree time gave way to a different reality. While retirement promises freedom and plenty of options, as a friend once compared, it brought unexpected challenges like filling the time and redefining purpose after a career-driven life. https://tgam.ca/4e4CJXm

Image credits: military.com Image credits: Getty Images

Make the Money Last Planning for retirement is increasingly complex as people face various life demands and longer lifespans. Concerns about outliving savings are universal across generations, with Millennials and Gen Z grappling with student debt and Generation X balancing the needs of children and aging parents.

Employers can assist by offering educational resources, integrating guaranteed income options into retirement plans, and facilitating access to financial advisors. Women, in particular, face unique challenges due to lower earnings and longer lifespans, highlighting the need for comprehensive retirement planning to ensure financial security and peace of mind. https://bit.ly/4dJ8buh

The latest Employee Benefit Research Institute survey shows that military personnel and veterans are 20% less likely to tap into their retirement savings, such as Thrift Savings Plans (TSP) and 401(k)s, compared to civilians. However, those who do borrow from their retirement funds are 25% more likely to do so for home or car repairs, suggesting they might lack sufficient emergency savings.

The Secret to a Happy Retirement: Discovering Life at Adlington Retirement Communities Adlington Retirement Living communities, such as Brookfields House, offer retirees a fulfilling and carefree lifestyle, transforming their retirement into an enriching experience.

Residents like Ann and Harry enjoy a stress-free environment free from the burdens of home maintenance, while individuals like Trevor benefit from enhanced social engagement and activity.

While retirement plan loans offer benefits like low interest rates and easy access, they also have drawbacks, such as potential reductions in future savings and missed investment opportunities. Maintaining a balance between current financial needs and retirement savings is essential, with additional emergency withdrawal options provided by the Secure 2.0 Act potentially offering further support.

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Teleportation, time machines, force fields, and interstellar space ships—the stuff of science fiction or potentially attainable future technologies? Entertaining, informative, and imaginative, Physics of the Impossible probes the very limits of human ingenuity and scientific possibility.

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Recommendations: Interview on Gravity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve_Mpd6dGv8

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