Albatrellus Fig. 3. Albatrellus caeruleoporus, Photo R. Lebeuf.
Albatrellus confluens (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar,
Fig. 4
Ceska Mykol. 11:154, 1957. - Polyporus confluens Alb. & Schwein.: Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1:355, 1821. - Albatrellus flettii Morse ex Pouzar, Ceska Mykol. 26:198, 1972. Basidiocarps annual, terrestrial, centrally to laterally stipitate, single or commonly confluent;; pilei circular to flabelliform or lobed and contorted, up to 11 cm wide and 3 cm thick; pileus pinkish buff or sometimes with gray or bluish tints when fresh, becoming salmon pink on drying and storage in the fungarium, glabrous, azonate, smooth or becoming areolate, drying rugose; pore surface cream colored when fresh, slowly becoming salmon pink after drying, the pores circular to angular, 3-5 per mm, context cream colored, drying pale pinkish tan with a darker reddish zone above the tubes, up to 2 cm thick; tube layer becoming salmon pink on drying, up to 5 mm thick, often with an aromatic and pleasant odor, taste cabbagelike. Stipe. Cream colored to pinkish buff when fresh, glabrous, becoming salmon pink and rugose on drying, up to 8.5 cm long and 2 cm thick Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae with frequent branching, with simple septa besides conspicuous clamps, highly irregular and variable, up to 50 μm in diam. Basidiospores 4-5 x 2.5-3.5 μm, ovoid to elliptic, weakly amyloid. Substrata. On soil in coniferous forest ecosystems Distribution. Circumglobal in coniferous forest ecosystems. Remarks. In western sprucefir forests A. confluens frequently occurs in great abundance late in the summer. It is a good edible fungus and has a distinctive taste and consistency. Fig. 4. Albatrellus confluens. Photo T. Niemelä.
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Albatrellus Fig. 5. Albatrellus cristatus. Photo P. Marstad.
Albatrellus cristatus (Pers.: Fr.): Kotl. & Pouzar,
Fig. 5
Ceska Mykol. 11:154, 1957. - Polyporus cristatus Pers.: Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1:356,1821. Basidiocarps annual, stipitate; stipe central or eccentric, simple, greenish to buff, up to 10 cm long and 2.5 cm thick; pilei solitary or imbricate, circular or lobed, up to 13 cm in diam and 2 cm thick; pilear surface brownish to yellowishgreen or olivaceous, azonate, finely tomentose or with appressed tufts of hyphae, usually areolate to squamulose; margin concolorous; pore surface white to yellowish or greenish yellow when fresh, becoming pinkish and eventually distinctly reddish when dried, pores circular to angular, 2-4 per mm, context pale buff to pinkish buff, fleshy when fresh, drying firm and friable, up to 1 cm thick, turning blackish where touched with Melzer’s reagent; tube layer becoming pale reddish in dried specimens, distinct from context, up to 6 mm thick, sometimes separated by a thin, darker layer. Hyphal system monomitic; contextual hyphae thin to thickwalled, simpleseptate, mostly 5-12 μm in diam but some inflated up to 20 μm, variably amyloid. Basidiospores 5-7 x 4-5 μm, broadly elliptic, weakly amyloid. Substrata. On the ground in conifer and hardwood forest ecosystems. Distribution. Collected over a wide area in North America and common also in Europe, Siberia and Japan. Remarks. The yellowishgreen pileus and reddish pore surface and tube layer on dried specimens are diagnostic characters for A. cristatus. It also differs from A. ellisii in lacking clamps and having smaller, more elliptic spores.
Albatrellus dispansus (Lloyd) Canf. & Gilb., Mycologia 63:965, 1971. - Polyporus dispansus Lloyd, Mycol. Writings 3, Stip. Polyp., p. 192, 1912. Basidiocarps annual, substipitate, up to 20 cm in diam from a broad, shallowly rooted base up to 7 cm broad, ultimately branching into large numbers of small petaloid pilei, these densely imbricate and confluent, 14 cm broad; pileus finely tomentose or scurfy, becoming rugose with age and drying, azonate, yellow to yellowish buff when fresh, the pore surface white when fresh, drying faintly vinaceous and eventually becoming reddish in the herbarium, pores angular, 2-3 per mm, context white when fresh, firm, brittle, becoming very hard eventually reddish in the fungarium, up to 10 mm thick near the base, tube layer whitish to cream when fresh, concolorous with the pore surface, becoming reddish in the fungarium, up to 3 mm thick. Hyphal system monomitic; contextual hyphae 5-30 μm in diam, thinwalled, very contorted and lobed and with occasional simple septa. Basidiospores 4-5 x 3-4 μm, ovoid to oblong. Substrata. Associated with pines. Distribution. In North America known scattered through the Rocky Mountains. A. dispansus was originally described from Japan. Remarks. This is a very distinctive species of Albatrellus as the only one that produces large numbers of small petaloid pilei on a muchbranched basidiocarp.
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Albatrellus
Albatrellus ellisii (Berk.) Pouzar, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 1:357, 1966. - Polyporus ellisii Berk., Grevillea 7:4, 1878. Basidiocarps annual, stipitate, stipe central to lateral, greenishyellow, tomentose, up to 8 cm long and 5 cm thick, pilei solitary, circular to lobed or flabelliform, up to 17 cm wide, pileus yellowishgreen, coarsely squamose, squamules finely tomentose; pore surface creamcolored, turning greenish when bruised, drying pallid or greenish, pores circular to angular, 12 per mm, context creamcolored to pale tan, azonate, fleshy when fresh, drying hard and rigid, up to 1 cm thick; tube layer distinct, creamcolored to slightly greenish, up to 3 mm thick, drying brittle. Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamps, mostly 4μm in diam but some inflated up to 20 μm, weakly amyloid in scattered areas; gloeopleurous hyphae also present in context. Basidiospores 8-11(14) x 5-8 μm, elliptic to teardrop shaped Substrata. On the ground in conifer forest ecosystems. Distribution. Eastern and western North America, and endemic to the area. Remarks. The yellowishgreen color of the pileus and stipe and the coarsely scaly upper surface distinguish A. ellisii. Albatrellus pescaprae is similar microscopically but has a brown pileus and stipe and non-amyloid contextual hyphae.
Albatrellus mexicanus Laferr. & Gilb., Mycotaxon 37:184, 1990. Basidiocarps annual, centrally to eccentrically stipitate, single or confluent; stipe 3-5 cm long, 1-2 cm thick, light brown, glabrous; pilei single or confluent, convex, 5-10 cm in diam, pileu tan when fresh, drying uniformly pale brown, azonate, glabrous, smooth to rugose; pore surface whitish when fresh, drying light brown, the pores angular, 1-1.5 mm in diam, context white at first, drying yellowish, soft, fibrous, azonate, 3-11 mm thick; tube layer concolorous with pore surface on dried specimens, drying brittle, 1.5-4 mm thick. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae thin-walled, occasionally branched, 4-10 μm in diam; gloeopleurous hyphae present in context, thin-walled, with rare clamps, 5-11 μm in diam, trama dimitic; skeletal-type hyphae present in trama, these firm- to thick-walled, 2.5-5 μm in diam. Basidiospores 8-10 x 5.5-6.5 μm, elliptic. Substrata. On the ground in mixed forest under Cupressus arizonica, Pinus engelmannii and Quercus spp. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Mexico. Remarks. The species is close to A. pes-caprae, but differs in having a glabrous, smooth to rugose pileus surface.
Albatrellus ovinus (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar,
Fig. 6 & 7. (see next page)
Ceska Mykol. 11:154, 1957. - Polyporus ovinus Schaeff.: Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1:346, 1821. Basidiocarps annual, centrally to laterally stipitate, usually single, occasionally confluent; stipe cream colored to brownish, very finely tomentose, drying rugose, up to 7 cm long and 3.5 cm thick; pilei circular to reniform, up to 15 cm in diam and 2.5 cm thick, pilear surface creamcolored to buff, glabrous, usually becoming areolate with pale yellow coloration in the cracks, drying rugose, greyish or pale olivaceous, pore surface pale yellow when fresh, drying darkolivaceous to pinkish olivaceous or cinereous, pores circular to angular, 3-5 per mm, context cream colored to pinkish straw colored to darker pinkish brown, with a dark layer next to the tubes, fleshy when fresh, drying firm, up to 2 cm thick near the stipe, blackish where touched with Melzer’s reagent; tube layer decurrent, yellowish when fresh, drying pinkish buff or olivaceous buff, brittle, up to 4 mm thick, aromatic with a pleasant odor. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae thinwalled, simpleseptate, highly variable in diam with irregular swellings and constrictions, 4 to 30 μm in diam, gloeopleurous hyphae also present, often sinuous and with bulbous swellings, up to 13 μm in diam. Basidiospores 4-5 x 3-3.5 μm, ovoid to subglobose. Substrata. On the ground in coniferous forest ecosystems. Distribution. Circumboreal in conifer forest ecosystems and occurs in eastern and western boreal conifer forests and south to southern Arizona in the western mountains. Remarks. A. ovinus is commonly closely sympatric with A. confluens in western North America, and their basidiocarps often develop together in large numbers.
Albatrellus peckianus (Cooke) Niemelä,
Fig. 8 (see next page)
Ann. Bot. Fenn. 7:54, 1970. - Polyporus peckianus Cooke, Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburg 13:148, 1879. Basidiocarps annual, centrally to laterally stipitate, solitary to gregarious; stipe yellow to light buff, minutely tomentose, up to 4 cm long and 1 cm thick; pilei single to several from a branched base, circular to reniform, up to 5 cm wide, usually depressed in the center and concave to infundibuliform at maturity, yellow when fresh, drying yellowish tan to pale buff; pilear surface glabrous to minutely scurfy or fibrillose, azonate to faintly zonate, smooth; 18
Albatrellus
Fig. 7. Albatrellus ovinus. Photo T. Niemelä.
Fig. 6. Albatrellus ovinus (Ryvarden 46121) a) hyphae from pileus, b) hyphae from context, c) hyphae from stipe, d) section through hymenium, e) hyphae from dissepiments edge, f ) basidia, g-h) basidiospores, del. I. Melo.
pore surface bright yellow when fresh, drying yellow to light buff, pores circular to angular, 4-6 per mm, context pale yellow to light buff, azonate, up to 3 mm thick; tube layer yellow to light buff, decurrent on stipe, up to 2 mm thick. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae thinwalled, with clamps and simple septa, occasionally branched, some distorted with constrictions and inflations up to 15 μm diam, mostly 3-8 μm in diam; gloeopleurous hyphae abundant and conspicuous, 412 μm in diam. Basidiospores 3.5-4.5 x 2.5-3 μm, ovoid to elliptic. Substrata. Terrestrial or on buried wood, recorded on Fagus and Tilia. Distribution. North eastern U.S. and eastern Canada. Remarks. The yellowish basidiocarps and the association with hardwoods characterize this species.
Albatrellus pes-caprae (Pers.: Fr.) Pouzar,
Fig. 9 (see next page)
Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 1:357, 1966. - Polyporus pescaprae Pers.: Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1:354, 1821. Basidiocarps annual, stipitate; stipe simple or branched, eccentric to lateral, cylindric or enlarged at the base, pale buff or with spots staining darker brown to reddishbrown, glabrous to faintly squamulose, up to 8 cm long and 6 cm in diam; pilei solitary or several on a branching stipe, circular to reniform or irregular in shape, up to 20 cm wide; pileus brown, with small scales 12 mm wide; pore surface yellowishcream to pinkish when fresh, pale brownish when dry, pores angular, hexagonal in appearance, mostly 1-2 per mm but some up to 2 mm in diam, context creamcolored, firmfibrous when dry, azonate, up to 2 cm thick; tube layer pale brownish, up to 3 mm thick. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae with clamps and simple septa, 4-14 μm in diam; gloeopleurous hyphae present, often lobed or contorted. Basidiospores 8-11 x 6-8 μm, broadly elliptic or tear-shaped. Substrata. On the ground with conifers.
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Fig. 9. (below) Albatrellus pes-caprae. Photo P. Marstad.
Fig. 8. Albatrellus peckianus. Photo R. Lebeef.
Distribution. Widely distributed from eastern to western North America, but rare and seldom collected. Circumpolar. Remarks. Albatrellus pescaprae and A. ellisii are very similar in all characters except the coloration of the basidiocarps. A. ellisii is distinguished by its yellowishgreen color. Both species have the distinctive tearshaped basidiospores. A. mexicanus is also similar and differs in having a glabrous, smooth to rugose pilear surface.
Albatrellus skamanius (Murrill) Pouzar, Ceska Mykol. 26:199, 1972. - Polyporus skamanius Murrill, Mycologia 38:348, 1946. Basidiocarps annual, centrally stipitate, single; stipe thick, bulbous at base, tapering above, reticulate, with greenish or brown blotches as though stained, 15 cm long, 5-7 cm thick when fresh, buff to blackish, pileus nearly, plane or slightly depressed at center, 16-19 cm broad, grayish when young, becoming grayishbrown to dark brown when older, with more or less darker spots, slightly fibrillose, blackish, azonate, smooth to rugose when dried; pore surface salmon colored, rather rough, the pores angular, 2-3 per mm, with thick to thin, context when dried sordid brownish, azonate, horny, splotched with black, up to 3mm thick; tube layer salmon colored when dried, separated from context by a distinct, thin, black layer. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae thinwalled with clamps, mostly 5-10 μm in diam, occasionally up to 20 μm in diam; gloeopleurous hyphae frequent, 5-10 μm in diam. Basidiospores 7.5-10 x 5-7 μm, broadly elliptic Substrata. On the ground under conifers. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Skamania County, Washington. Remarks. Albatrellus skamanius is distinct by its large, broadly elliptic spores, and smooth or slightly fibrillose pileus. The only other species of Albatrellus with spores of comparable size are A. ellisii and A. pescaprae which both have a coarsely squamulose pileus and teardrop shaped basidiospores.
Neoalbatrellus subcaeruleoporus Audet & Luther,
Fig. 10
Mycotaxon 130: 1194, 2015. Basidiocarps annual, more or less centrally stipitate, circular to flabelliform, up to 6.5 cm wide; pileus varying from gray to a beautiful pale blue when fresh, in dried specimens becoming pale greyish brown to reddish orange often patch wise and in cracks when dry, glabrous to finely rugose or subtomentose, azonate; pore surface grey to blue, more or less as pileus surface, the pores angular, 1-3 per mm, context white, drying pale ochraceous or pinkish cinnamon up to 10 mm thick; tubes up to 2 mm deep.
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Fig. 10. Neoalbatrellus subcaeruleoporus. Photo R. Lebeuf.
Stipe 3-6 x 1-2 cm, central to eccentric, smooth to slightly fibrillose, concolours with pileus, becoming orange to ochraceous when old and parch wise reddish brown when dry. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae thinwalled and simpleseptate, 3.5-15 μm in diam. Basidiospores 3.6-5 x 2.8-3.7 μm, amygdaliform to elliptic or subglobose. Substrata. On ground below gymnosperms like Abies, Pseudotsuga, Picea, Sequoia and Tsuga. Distribution. North-western U.S. and Canada. Remarks. This species comes close to Albatrellus caeruleoporus which however have an eastern distribution, slightly larger spores and more bluish basidiocarps.
Albatrellus subrubescens (Murrill) Pouzar,
Fig. 11
Ceska Mykol. 26:196, 1972. - Scutiger subrubescens Murrill, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67:277, 1940. - Albatrellus similis Pouzar, Folia Geobot. Phytotaxon. 1:274,1966. Basidiocarps annual, stipitate, single or confluent; stipe central to eccentric, 23 cm long and 0.7-1.5 cm in diam, vinaceous to buff with pale reddishorange or brownishorange areas on dried specimens, pilei 3-7 cm in diam, pale buff, glabrous to minutely tomentose, smooth at first, but becoming rugose or cracking and becoming squamulose on drying; pore surface greenishyellow or with pale reddishorange tints in some areas, the pores angular, 2-4 per mm, context creamcolored, drying to yellowishbuff, azonate, tube layer 12 mm thick, separated from context by a dark layer in dried specimens. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae highly variable in diam, from 2-40 μm, with frequent branching, simpleseptate, gloeopleurous hyphae present. Basidiospores 3.5-4.5 x 2.5-3.5 μm, elliptic to ovoid. Substrata. On the ground in pine forests. Distribution. In North America reported from the Southeast and Arizona. Also known in Europe. Remarks. The species is easily confused with A. ovinus because of its whitish colour, but is separated by growing in pine forests, and becoming chrome-orange-yellow on the pore surface when touched or bruised (citric yellow in A. ovinus). Microscopically the amyloid spores are diagnostic as A. ovinus has non-amyloid spores.
Fig. 11. Albatrellus subrubescens. Photo T. Nimelä.
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Albatrellus syringae (Parm.) Pouzar,
Fig. 12.
Folia Geobot. Phytot. 1:358, 1966. - Scutiger syringae Parm., Bot. Mat. Otdela Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR 15:132, 1962. Basidiocarps annual, laterally to eccentrically stipitate, single or confluent to form compound basidiocarps; stipe cylindrical or expanded at the base, 1-3 cm long, 1-2 cm in diam, glabrous to matted-strigose, pale yellowish tan, connected to white rhizomorphs in soil; pilei circular to reniform, flat when young, some becoming infundibuliform with age, up to 10 cm in diam, pilear surface radially strigose to scrupose or becoming glabrous with age, yellowish brown when fresh, becoming pale buff to light brown on drying, cracking extensively, pore surface pale yellow with brown tints, pores angular to daedaloid, 3-5 per mm, context cream colored, azonate, firm-spongy, up to 8 mm thick; tube layer concolorous with context, up to 3 mm thick, decurrent on stipe. Hyphal system monomitic, hyphae thin-walled, hyaline, with clamps and simple septa, some hyphae inflated to 12 μm in diam; tramal hyphae thin-walled, with clamps, 2.5-4 μm in diam; gloeopleurous hyphae also present. Basidiospores 4-5 x 2.5-3.5 μm, elliptic to ovoid. Substrata. On the ground in conifer forest ecosystem. Distribution. Reported from Yukon Territory in western Canada. Also in Scandinavia and the Baltic states in Europe. Remarks. Albatrellus syringae is most similar to A. peckianus. The latter has slightly smaller spores and also differs macroscopically in its overall yellowish coloration without the brown tints typical of A. syringae basidiocarps.
Fig. 12. Albatrellus syringae. Photo T. Niemelä.
AMAURODERMA Murr. Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 32:366, 1905. Basidiocarps annual or reviving for a second season, centrallylaterally stipitate, consistency corky to woody hard, pileus round, reniform to fanshaped, concave, umbilicate to strongly infundibuliform, white, ochraceous, brown to almost black, dull to glossy, stipe rather thin and long, finely tomentose to glabrous, pore surface whitish to ochraceous to brown, pores round to angular and entire, context white, ochraceous to dark brown, cystidia absent, hyphal system dimitic, generative hyphae with clamps, skeletal hyphae arboriform, often dextrinoid, basidiospores hyaline to pale yellow, subglobose to cylindrical, dextrinoid to non-dextrinoid, finely asperulate or rarely smooth. Usually parasitic on roots of living trees. A tropical genus with a white rot. Type species: Fomes regulicolor Cooke, (=Polyporus schomburgkii Mont. & Berk.). Remarks. The genus is similar to Ganoderma, except for the consistently stipitate basidiocarps and round to oblong spores, while they are truncate in Ganoderma.
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Amauroderma sprucei (Pat.) Torrend,
Fig. 13. Amauroderma sprucei. Photo D. Winkler.
Fig. 13. Broteria Bot. 18:121, 1920. - Porothelium rugosum Berk., J. Bot. 8:237, 1856 - non Amauroderma rugosum (Blume & Nees: Fr.) Torrend, Broteria Bot. 18:1279, 1920. - Ganoderma sprucei Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 10:75, 1894. Basidiocarps annual, centrally to laterally stipitate; pileus single, convex to applanate, spatulate or flabelliform to infundibuliform, slightly undulate, 3-10 cm in diam, 6-20 mm thick, woody, first hirsute later becoming more or less glabrous, dull, dark reddish brown, often with concentric zones, in section with a thin darker crust; margin sharp and deflexed when dry, pore surface whitish gray to ochraceous, becoming pale cinnamon with age and drying, pores round, 5-7 per mm; tubes concolorous, up to 5 mm deep, context white to cream paling to cinnamon in old specimens, sometimes with faint black lines when mature, up to 10 mm thick and with a thin cuticle in section. Stipe, 4-9 cm long, 5-8 mm thick, tubular, concolorous with the pileus. glabrous, context duplex, peripheral part denser and darker than the central core from which it is separated by a thin black line. Basidiospores 8-10 μm in diam, globose, thick-walled, yellow. Substrata. On the ground or dead hardwood. Distribution. In US known only from Florida, widespread in the neotropical zone. Remarks. The white to cream context above all, but also reddish brown pileus, the small pores and the globose basidiospores, characterize this species
AMYLOCYSTIS Bond. & Singer ex Singer, Mycologia 36:66, 1944. Basidiocarps annual, sessile or effusedreflexed; pilear surface tomentose to hispid; pore surface and context white, bruising or drying reddish brown; hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamps, amyloid; cystidia thickwalled, often incrusted at apex, amyloid; basidiospores cylindrical. Monotypic genus. Type species: Amylocystis lapponica (Romell) Singer. Remarks. The characters of this genus are similar to those of Oligoporus with the exception of the amyloid hyphae and presence of cystidia.
Amylocystis lapponica (Romell) Singer,
Fig. 14 & 15. (see next page)
Mycologia 36:66, 1944 (invalid combination in Ann. Mycol. 39:52, 1941). - Polyporus lapponicus Romell, Ark. Bot. 11, 3:17, 1911. Basidiocarps annual, sessile or effusedreflexed, dimidiate, up to 15 cm wide; pileus surface white to light buff, becoming dark reddish brown on bruising or drying, tomentose to hispid, azonate; pore surface white when fresh, becoming dark reddish brown with age, bruising, or drying, the pores 3-4 per mm, angular; context pale buff, sometimes with a darker layer near the upper surface, corky, azonate, up to 2 cm thick; tube layer slightly darker than the context, up to 4 mm thick; taste slightly bitter, aniselike. Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with abundant clamps, mostly thickwalled with a narrow and sinuous lumen, weakly to strongly amyloid in Melzer’s reagent, 4-10 μm in diam. Cystidia abundant, mostly thickwalled, fusiform, moderately to strongly amyloid in Melzer’s reagent, some incrusted at the apex, 30-45 x 5-9 μm, projecting to 15 μm. Basidiospores 8-11 x 2.5-3.5 μm, cylindrical. Substrata. Coniferous trees. Distribution. Circumboreal in coniferous forest ecosystems. In North America in western and eastern boreal coniferous forests and ranging south at high elevations in the western mountains to southern Arizona. Remarks. Amylocystis lapponica is particularly common on spruce logs and usually its basidiocarps develop near melting snow early in the spring.
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Fig. 14. Amylocystis lapponica (ex Polyp. Exsicc. Cechosl. Nr 126) a) hyphae from pileus surface, b) hyphae from context, c) hyphae from trama, d) section through hymenium, e) cystidia, f ) basidia, g) basidiospores, del. I. Melo.
Fig. 15. Amylocystis lapponica. Photo T. Niemelä.
Amylosporus campbellii (Berk.) Ryvarden,
Fig. 16 (see next page)
Norw. J. Bot. 24:217, 1977.- - Polyporus campbellii Berk., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6:228, 1854. - Tyromyces graminicola Murrill, Tropical Polypores, p. 21, 1915. - Polyporus propinquus Lloyd, Mycol. Writ. 7:1109, 1922. - Scutiger tisdalei Murrill, Lloydia 6:227, 1943. Basidiocarps annual, pileate, centrally or laterally stipitate to sessile, single or clustered, soft when fresh, drying very light and fragile; pilear surface white at first, becoming cream-colored to buff, when dry mostly ochraceous buff with darker spots to cinnamon brown, finely tomentose, smooth to uneven, azonate; stipe short to almost absent, usually tapering to a rootlike base, up to 6 cm high, indistinctly intergrading with the pileus, ochraceous to darker brownish, often with darker spots, pore surface at first white, becoming concolorous with the upper surface with age or drying, the pores circular to angular, 2-4 per mm, context homogeneous, white when fresh, fissile, crisp and breaking cleanly, light buff to pale brownish on drying, soft and fragile, up to 2 cm thick; tube layer concolorous with pore surface, white when fresh,
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becoming ochraceous, pale resinous brown when dry and then brittle, up to 10 mm thick; fresh specimens becoming malodorous like decaying vegetables or garbage. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae thin-walled, readily collapsed, with simple septa and occasional single, double, or multiple clamps, 3-14 μm in diam; skeletal hyphae thick-walled, unbranched or with irregular to dendritic branching, mostly 2.5-7 μm in diam; gloeopleurous hyphae present, mostly in the context, thin-walled and filled with refractive contents, 3-10 μm in diam. Basidiospores 4-5.5 x 2.5-4 μm, elliptic to ovoid, amyloid, smooth to finely ornamented. Substrata. Connected to roots of living plants of different kinds, mostly in grassland and savannas. Distribution. Southernmost parts of California, Arizona, Texas and the Gulf Coast states. Pantropical. Remarks. The large semistipitate white basidiocarps make this a distinct species. Microscopically the variable septation and amyloid spores are distinctive characters. Fig 16. Amyloporus campbellii, a) section of tubes, b) hymenium, c) spores in different magnification, Coll. R. Genovese 205, Del. I. Melo.
ANOMOLOMA Niemelä & K.H. Larsson., Mycotaxon 100: 312, 2007. Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, loosely attached, soft to brittle, margin with rhizomorphs; pore surface white to yellow; hyphal system monomitic, generative hyphae with clamps; cystidia none; spores elliptic to ovoid or subglobose, smooth, thin walled and amyloid. On dead conifers and hardwoods, causing a white rot. Type species: Polyporus albolutescens Romell. Remarks. The characters of Anomoloma are similar to those of Anomoporia, but separated by the presence of rhizomorphs and a white rot. KEY TO SPECIES 1. Pore surface and rhizomorphs yellow .............................................................................................A. albolutescens 1. Pore surface and rhizomorphs white................................................................................................ A. myceliosum
Anomoloma albolutescens (Romell) Niemelä & K.H. Larss.,
Fig 17. (see next page)
Mycotaxon 100: 312, 2007. Polyporus albolutescens Romell, Ark. Bot. 11: 11, 1911. Basidiocarps resupinate, annual, small to widely effused, up to 3 mm thick, easily separable, soft and brittle, margin usually wide, fimbriate and with rhizomorphs; pore surface cream to pale chrome yellow, darkening to
25
distinctly yellow, often with an orange brown tint when dry, pores angular, 2-4 per mm, subiculum yellow; tube layer concolorous, up to 2 mm thick. Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamps, in the subiculum and margin smooth to finely encrusted, thin to slightly thick walled, 2.5-5 μm wide, sparingly branched; in the trama and subhymenium thin walled, smooth and 2-4 μm wide. Basidiospores 3-5 x 2.5-3.5 μm, elliptic to subglobose, amyloid in Melzer’s reagent. Substrata. On dead coniferous wood, in Europe only known from Picea. Distribution. Rare in North America and circumboreal in the coniferous forests. Remarks. A. albolutescens is separated from other yellow, resupinate polypores in North America by its amyloid spores. Fig. 17. Anomoporia albolutescens. Photo T. Niemelä.
Anomoloma myceliosa (Peck) Niemelä & K.H. Larss.,
Fig. 18
Mycotaxon 100: 313, 2007. – Poria myceliosa Peck, New York State Mus. Bull. 54: 952, 1902. Basidiocarps resupinate, annual, small to widely effused, up to 3 mm thick, easily separable, soft and cottony when fresh, more brittle when dry, margin usually wide, fimbriate and with thread like white rhizomorphs; pore surface white when fresh, paling to cream when dry, margin often fimbriate, pores angular, first 3-4 per mm, later merging to 1-2 per m and in parts becoming irregular, with thin, slightly dentate or incised dissepiments; tube layer concolorous, up to 1 mm deep, subiculum white, very thin, 0.1-0.2 mm thick. Fig. 18. Anomoporia myceliosa. Photo T. H. Hofton.
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