APS History Book

1908

Memorable Milestones The American Phytopathological Society Centennial Collection Includes:

The 100-Year History of APS

by R. James Cook

APS Centennial Oral History Project

by Darin M. Eastburn

APS Member Tributes: Past to Present

2008

Memorable Milestones The American Phytopathological Society Centennial Collection Includes: The 100-Year History of APS, by R. James Cook APS Centennial Oral History Project, by Darin M. Eastburn APS Member Tributes: Past to Present

Reference in this publication to a trademark, proprietary product, or company name is intended for explicit description only and does not imply approval or recommendation to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Š 2008 by The American Phytopathological Society All rights reserved.

No portion of this book, including the accompanying videos, may be reproduced in any form, including photocopy, microfilm, information storage and retrieval system, computer database, or software, or by any means, including electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America.

The American Phytopathological Society 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul, Minnesota 55121 U.S.A.

Preface People move forward into the future out of the way they comprehend the past.

— Norman Mailer

It was the future that was on the minds of the 54 people who met in December of 1908 to create “The American Phytopathological Society.” These scientists envisioned a Society that would be “of invaluable aid in promoting the future development of this important and rapidly growing subject.”

However, it was the past that captured the imagination of the members of the APS Centennial Planning Committee as we reflected upon and planned the commemoration of this 100-year-milestone event. As scientists, we build upon the work of those who have come before us, so an understanding of the history of one’s own field is imperative.

Our past can be seen as a series of discoveries or events, but the people behind each of these steps of progress are also important. Life experiences and character can play surprisingly critical roles in discovery. Narrative accounts of the past can help us understand this human side of scientific progress.

The founding members of our Society have left us an invaluable legacy. As APS members, we are contributing to the continuation of that legacy. R. James Cook, an APS member for 50 years, spent months researching APS’s impressive past. His treatise, “The 100-Year History of APS,” published here, is an important contribution to our centennial record.

It also will serve as a valuable reference for future members of APS. The Oral History DVDs included here capture this moment in our history through the voices of our membership. Created over a three-year period under the leadership of Darin Eastburn, a member for more than 25 years, the enclosed DVDs feature interviews with six prominent plant pathologists and numerous members’ perspectives on their experiences as scientists and as APS members.

 APS Centennial Planning Committee Chair Cleora J. D’Arcy Committee Members Richard Bélanger Molly Cline Rose Gergerich Paul Peterson Erin Rosskopf Kurtis L. Schroeder Luis Sequeira Erik Stromberg Allison Tally Project Leaders Richard Bélanger Grosse Île Tour Carolee Bull, Julius Fajardo, and Anne Vidaver Centennial Special Session: “Optimizing Opportunities for Everyone in Plant Pathology” Stella Coakley Historical T-shirt Display R. James Cook “The 100-Year History of APS” and Centennial Special Session: “100 Years of The American Phytopathological Society”

To mark our centennial year, we also have included a current list of the entire APS membership, along with a salute to APS awardees and leaders who have served our Society over the past 100 years.

Darin M. Eastburn Oral History DVDs

The vision of our founding members has become a reality. Today, APS is a vibrant, flourishing Society whose members have made significant and far-reaching advances in plant pathology. Our Society truly does have a “history of excellence” and a “future of promise.”

Tim Paulitz Centennial Calendar Deb Samac Science Museum of Minnesota Display David Schmale Centennial Special Session: “The Future of Plant Pathology” Kurtis L. Schroeder Centennial Timeline and Pioneering Plant Pathologists Display Erik Stromberg Centennial Special Session: “Plant Pathology in 1908/2008”

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Cleora J. D’Arcy APS Centennial Planning Committee Chair July 2008

Rose Gergerich Historical Displays

APS Centennial Sponsors Thank you to the following sponsors, whose generous contributions have made the APS Centennial Celebration a truly spectacular event. Special thanks to the initial Centennial sponsors, signified below with an asterisk, who ensured that special Centennial projects, such as this book, were made possible through their early contributions.

Gold BASF Corporation* Bayer CropScience* Cornell University* Dow AgroSciences* Dupont Ag & Nutrition* Monsanto* North Carolina State University* The Ohio State University The Pennsylvania State University Syngenta Crop Protection Inc.* University of California-Davis University of Minnesota Silver Purdue University Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University* Bronze APS North Central Division APS Northeastern Division* APS Potomac Division BAAR Scientific LLC Kansas State University Pioneer HiBred Intl. Inc.* University of Nebraska Washington State University Supporting APS Pacific Division APS Southern Division BioWorks Inc. Florida Phytopathological Society University of Delaware

Contents The 100-Year History of APS R. James Cook Introduction . ................................................................................................................ 8 Leadership in the Promotion of Excellence in Plant Pathology .................................... 10 Public Perception of APS—and of Plant Pathologists ................................................... 20 National Service and Outreach . .................................................................................. 22 International Service and Outreach ............................................................................. 30 Industry Relations and Private Practice......................................................................... 35 Infrastructure, Professional Management, and Governance.......................................... 39 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................... 51 Literature Cited . ......................................................................................................... 51 APS Centennial Oral History Project Darin M. Eastburn Introduction . ............................................................................................................... 54 DVD Table of Contents .............................................................................................. 56 DVD Disc 1 & Disc 2 APS Member Tributes: Past to Present APS Charter Members ................................................................................................. 59 APS Leadership ........................................................................................................... 61 APS Awardees ............................................................................................................. 64 APS Annual Meetings .................................................................................................. 69 APS Centennial Members ............................................................................................ 70 APS Sustaining Associates .......................................................................................... 124

The 100-Year History of APS R. James Cook Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University, Pullman

Introduction he American Phytopathological Society (APS) is arguably among the most robust, service-oriented, and successful scientific societies in the world, whether measured by the quality and number of its journal and nonjournal publications, public service and outreach, leadership among its scientific-society peer group, success of its annual meetings, international leadership and service, member services, member volunteerism, or financial health. With now more than 5,000 members, it may well be the most successful of all professional scientific societies of similar size in the United States if not the world. It is my honor and privilege to be invited to tell the 100-year success story of APS, from its humble yet visionary beginnings through our centenary celebration.

Like any historical narrative, the story of APS is a story of the accomplishments of ordinary people—members who took their turns as leaders, many as extraordinary leaders. This story could well fill the pages of a large book, and even what I intended as a “brief ” review when taking on this project has turned out longer than I had envisioned.

Nevertheless, and with apologies to the many whose contributions and leadership have not been chronicled, I have attempted here to 1) follow the development of a select few themes that seem to characterize and even distinguish APS among its peer group of professional scientific societies; 2) describe some of the struggles and interesting sojourns, such as the publication of abstracts of papers and posters presented at annual meetings, or the perceived lack of public image; and 3) personalize where appropriate my own reflections as a member of APS for the past 50 years.

This is a review of the history of The American Phytopathological Society and not of the science of plant pathology in America. Nevertheless, it seems useful to consider the status of plant pathology in the United States in those formative years in the context of the biological sciences generally and the science, practice, and organization of plant pathology more specifically in Europe leading up to the 20th century. Darwin’s theory that the origin and diversity of species could be explained by natural selection had been published in 1859; Pasteur’s proof of the microbiological basis for fermentation and disproof of spontaneous generation had been published starting in 1858; and Gregor Mendel’s work, considered the foundation for modern genetics and first published in 1866, had become generally known among biologists by the turn of the 20th century.

Consider further that Provost’s 1803 report on the infectious nature of covered smut of wheat was already more than 100 years in the past by the time APS was formed, and that Julius Kuehn’s 1858 volume Die Krankheiten dur Kulturgewaehse, ihre Ursachen und ihre Verhuetung, considered the beginning of plant pathology as both a practice and a science (40), appeared 50 years before the formation of APS. The first professional society of plant pathology, the Royal Netherlands Society of Plant Pathology, was formed in 1891, predating APS by 17 years.

Stevenson (37), in his paper presented at the 1958 (Golden Jubilee) meeting of APS, states that plant pathology as either a science or a practice was essentially nonexistent in America until the last quarter of the 19th century and that there were only 11 workers with the title of plant pathologist at the State Agricultural Experiment Stations (SAES) as of 1904, although others with titles such as botanist, entomologist, and agronomist were doing plant pathology work. Stevenson’s numbers notwithstanding, a more realistic indication of the strength of plant pathology in America around that time can be gained from the 130 charter members of APS in 1909, representing institutions literally from east to west and north to south. Moreover, the typical focus of those early-day American plant pathologists on applied research was not without major contributions to the science. One example is Bolley’s (6) classic 1901 report from the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station on “flax-sick soil” that provided some of the first evidence that the crop rotation effect required a biological and not a chemical explanation (22).

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It was also during this early period that Erwin F. Smith, a member of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Division of Vegetable Pathology, after taking up the study of diseases caused by bacteria in the early 1890s, was ridiculed by the German plant pathologist Albert Fischer, who did not believe that bacteria caused plant diseases (25). This led to the famous controversy of 1897-1901, when Smith won out over Fischer, thereby establishing phytobacteriology as a field of investigation and arguably making America the home of this independent field of plant pathology research. More than 60 years later, following the annual meeting held in Miami in 1965, in one of many successful efforts by APS to inform and guide national policy, letters were sent to all deans of colleges of agriculture and directors of state agricultural experiment stations and a number of other administrative and political officials, expressing concern over the lack of research and teaching in phytobacteriology in the United States. President George Zentmyer stated in his 1966 report to the members of APS that “a large number of informative replies were received.” The actions that followed in response to these letters no doubt contributed greatly to the role that phytobacteriology would later play in the establishment of molecular plant pathology, starting in the mid-1980s with the report by Staskawicz, Dahlbeck, and Keen (36) of the first cloning and characterization of an avirulence gene from the phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea.

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), formed in 1848, is to be credited with fostering the development of plant pathology as a science in America and for providing the leadership that led to the formation of APS (11). A committee of AAAS members consisting of J. C. Arthur, C. E. Bessey, W. G. Farlow, T. J. Burrill, and C. H. Peck was appointed in 1884 for the “encouragement of research on the health and disease of plants.” This AAAS committee wrote in 1885 to the Commissioner (now Secretary) of Agriculture urging that plant diseases be included as part of the studies of the Department’s botanist. In response, a Section of Mycology was established within the USDA Division of Botany, with F. Lamson-Scribner as the head, starting in 1885. In 1890, the Commissioner of Agriculture established the Division of Vegetable Pathology with Beverly Galloway as chief. The Journal of Mycology, devoted at first entirely to taxonomy of fungi by the Section of Mycology, was taken over by the Division of Vegetable Pathology as an outlet for information on plant diseases, and as such became the first American journal for plant pathology. It was also under the auspices of AAAS that USDA plant pathologist C. L. Shear organized a meeting, held on December 30, 1908, during the annual meeting of AAAS held that year in Baltimore, to discuss the formation of an independent American scientific society for plant pathologists.

Fifty-four people attended the organizational meeting led by Shear (31). The statement released from that meeting read:

C. L. Shear, a USDA plant pathologist (35), organized the meeting on December 30, 1908, that led to the formation of The American Phytopathological Society one year later. He was the first secretary-treasurer of APS, served on the first editorial board of Phytopathology, and was elected president in 1919.

The photo was taken while he was president.

It is our opinion that an American Phytopathological Society placed upon a broad and generous foundation, may be of invaluable aid in promoting the future development of this important and rapidly growing subject in America, and that its influence may be made of international importance.

It is interesting to note the similarities between this humble yet visionary statement and the Society’s 2007 Vision Statement: The APS will be a diverse global community of scientists that: provides credible and beneficial information related to plant health; advocates and participates in the exchange of knowledge with the public, policy makers, and the larger scientific community; and promotes and provides opportunities for scientific communication, career preparation and professional development for its members.

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The first officers of APS were elected at that 1908 organizational meeting: President L. R. Jones, University of Wisconsin; Vice President A. D. Selby, Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station; Secretary-Treasurer C. L. Shear, USDA; and Councilors J. B. S. Norton, University of Maryland, and B. M. Duggar, Cornell University. The officers wrote a constitution and bylaws for the new organization, and 130 people responded to the invitation to join APS as charter members (see pg. 59-60). Dues were set at 50 cents.

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The first meeting of APS was held jointly with AAAS the following year, on December 30-31, 1909, in Boston; 50 members attended and 45 papers were presented. Dues were raised to $1. The new officers elected at that first official meeting were President F. L. Stevens, North Carolina State; Vice President A. F. Woods, University of Minnesota; SecretaryTreasurer C. L. Shear; and Councilors L. R. Jones, A. D. Selby, and H. H. Whetzel, Cornell University. APS was incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia on October 25, 1915.

Horsfall (23) referred affectionately to this founding group as “another splinter group from the botanical main stem.” Indeed, most of those conducting research on plant diseases at the time of the formation of APS had the title of botanist, going back to the Hatch Act of 1887 and formation of the SAES system, which provided for a botanist and an entomologist at each land-grant university. Moreover, those who voted against the motion to form The American Phytopathological Society during the 1908 organizational meeting were concerned that such a move would fragment the botanical community. Interestingly, while the botanical (or plant) sciences gave rise to plant pathology at the beginning of the 20th century, arguably, molecular plant pathology gave rise to molecular plant biology at the end of the century.

 Cover of the program for the first annual meeting of The American Phytopathological Society, held in Boston December 30-31, 1909.

The formative years of APS need little additional review beyond those of Campbell et al.

(11), Horsfall (23), McCallan (31), and Peterson and Griffith (35). On the other hand, the themes that tell the story (or stories) of APS are already apparent among the decisions and the myriad of details available in annual reports and archived correspondence during this early period. Here I pick up the threads of six areas that in my opinion characterize and distinguish the Society today: • Leadership in the promotion of excellence in plant pathology; • Public image of plant pathologists; • National service and outreach; • International service and outreach; • Industry relations; and • Infrastructure, professional management, and governance.

Leadership in the Promotion of Excellence in Plant Pathology APS has promoted excellence in plant pathology largely through its high-quality publications, and therefore this first section is primarily a historical account of the steps forward (and sometimes backward) in the development and maintenance of journals first, then books, and now online publications. It is through these instruments and those of other professional plant pathology societies that plant pathologists from all over the world, not just in America, have built the science and practice of plant pathology that we know today.

The Society’s Flagship Publication: Phytopathology It was also decided at that first meeting of APS to start a new journal, to be named Phytopathology. Launched as a bimonthly journal with Volume 1, Number 1, issued in February 1911, Phytopathology became a monthly publication with the January issue of 10

Volume 8 in 1918. The first editorial board was chaired by L. R. Jones and supported by editors C. L. Shear and H. H. Whetzel, with 12 associate editors and Donald Reddick as business manager. The title of editor-in-chief was first used in 1921, and the subtitle, An International Journal, was added in 1925. A European editor was added in 1924, starting with H. M. Quanjer of Wageningen, but this arrangement was discontinued in 1943.

The decision to charge for reprints was made at the 1950 annual meeting in Memphis.

Growth of Phytopathology in scientific stature and popularity during its early years soon led to the day when the onerous and even burdensome duties of editor-in-chief were making it difficult to attract a member to serve voluntarily in this role. After 11 members reportedly turned down the request to serve as editor-in-chief in the late 1950s, immediate past president Helen Hart captured the dilemma in a letter dated July 2, 1957, to President George Fischer: “I feel quite certain that practically everyone… at the present time is loathe to give up his opportunities for research and teaching in order to assume the editorial work.” A. F. Ross, then editor-in-chief, had suggested that a grant-in-aid or honorarium might help, but Hart foresaw the day when “we are going to have to employ more paid workers on some of our routine society business.” Saul Rich, treasurer and business manager, objected to Ross’s suggestion, stating that “to offer money as a lure may attract the wrong kind of person to the job.”  Rich proposed that the Society “pattern the editorial management of Phytopathology after that of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,” whereby authors would obtain “original letters from three members who would state that the manuscript has met certain standards set by the editor-in-chief, and who would then accept the manuscript on behalf of the Society. The author would then send the approved manuscript to the printer together with the accepting letters.” Rich claimed to know of two members willing to serve on these terms. In a blunt response, Ross wrote on July 8, 1957, that “the proposal as outlined [by Rich] would ruin the journal” and that “it would result in a marked lowering of the quality of our publication.” Ross pointed out that “the author would be free to choose reviewers whom he knew in advance would approve the paper as written,” and if “one or more of these reviewers did not approve the paper, he would be free to choose other reviewers…until he obtained three signatures.” Ross added that “a dedicated man would… tolerate drudgery and carping criticism in order to do a job as he thinks it should be done; he might or might not need money.”

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Hart, in her letter of July 2, 1957, had encouraged President Fischer to check out the solution reached by the cereal chemists a few years earlier, and to “talk with Dr. William Geddes and to Mr. Raymond Tarleton regarding the measures that the cereal chemists have taken…for in-house technical editing.” As discussed in the next section, the Society not only adopted the approach of the cereal chemists some 10 years later, it also formed a partnership with the American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC), with Tarleton as executive vice president, that has persisted to the present day and proved to be of fundamental importance to both professional organizations.

Cover of the first issue of Phytopathology, issued in February 1911 as a bimonthly journal.

Phytopathology became a monthly publication with the January issue of Volume 8 in 1918.

Tensions over Quality and Publication of Abstracts in Phytopathology Publication of abstracts of papers presented at the APS annual meetings, a practice that began with Volume 1 of Phytopathology, became one of the more contentious issues relatively early. The two main concerns were their variable quality and whether they belonged in Phytopathology. Efforts were made to improve the quality. For example, in a letter dated January 2, 1946, J. C. Walker was informed by APS Secretary E. M. Johnson that, according to Helen Hart, then editor-in-chief of Phytopathology, he (Walker) had consented to act as chair of a three-person committee to edit abstracts for the upcoming St. Louis meeting. Likewise in 1957, A. F. Ross recommended to Council that abstracts should be reviewed and edited, owing to the number that were poorly written and the fact that “some abstracts contained so little factual material that it was not possible to evaluate them.”

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One of the first recommendations of a newly formed Publications [super] Committee, at the 1962 annual meeting in Corvallis, was “that the publication in Phytopathology of abstracts of papers presented at national and divisional meetings be discontinued; that abstracts in a noncitable form be made available to the membership; and that the membership be informed of the pros and cons of publication of abstracts well in advance of the time that they will be requested to make the decision.” While this recommendation was not immediately acted upon, a decision was made to charge for publication of abstracts in Phytopathology, at the recommendation of the Publications Committee in 1970. After discovering that some members of the Society were submitting abstracts for publication in Phytopathology but not attending the annual meeting and hence not paying the registration fee, Council in 1976 passed a motion that “Abstracts for papers that are not presented at an annual meeting will not be published in the Proceedings.”

The (short-lived) Annual Proceedings of The American Phytopathological Society The proceedings referred to in the foregoing motion were officially The Annual Proceedings of The American Phytopathological Society, launched in 1974, with their own cover design, primarily to get the abstracts  out of Phytopathology. Designed to include the annual reports and symposia in addition to abstracts of the annual and divisional meetings, and provided to members free of charge, the Proceedings were also one of the bigger mistakes made by APS Councils. The series proved not to be cost-effective, in large part because the hoped-for acceptance by libraries did not materialize, and was discontinued with the 1977 issue.

Council then directed that, while symposia would be published in Phytopathology, abstracts and annual reports thenceforth would be published in Phytopathology News. The decision was to be put to a vote at the 1978 annual meeting in Tucson, with articles in favor and in opposition to be published in Phytopathology News before the meeting. As a member of Council (Pacific Division Councilor), I was assigned responsibility for the article against publishing abstracts in Phytopathology and instead publishing them in Phytopathology News, while Rennie Stavely wrote the article opposed to this decision. In a rare reversal of a Council decision, and after considerable debate, the membership voted overwhelmingly at the 1978 general business meeting in Tucson to move abstracts back to Phytopathology. In response, Council directed the Phytopathology editorial board to finalize the details for its (Council’s) consideration “and [to be] communicated to the membership as rapidly and effectively as possible.”

 Cover of the first issue of Phytopathology News, published as a separate bimonthly publication beginning in February 1967.

Phytopathology News began as a short newsletter issued to each member starting in 1948 and then became part of the advertising page of each issue of Phytopathology starting in 1951.

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The recommendation, approved and implemented, led to publication of the abstracts of the annual and division meetings in camera-ready (unedited) form, starting in 1979 with the 1978 abstracts. Annual reports continued to be published in Phytopathology News through 1980 (the 72nd Annual Report), after which these also returned to Phytopathology. Camera-ready abstracts continued to be published in Phytopathology for the next 18 years (through the 1995 meetings). By that time, with word processing, the pages of “camera-ready” abstracts looked just like the rest of the journal. (Abstracts for the 1988 annual meeting and Pacific Division meeting were published as a separate “Part 1” of the December issue of Phytopathology.) In 1996, under the leadership of Dennis Gross as editor-in-chief, abstracts began to be published in Supplements to one or more of the monthly issues of the journal. The first Supplement was to the November 1996 issue and contained abstracts from five division meetings held in 1996 as well as the annual meeting in Indianapolis in July 1996. This practice continues as part of the current policy of publishing abstracts in Phytopathology as Supplements with separate pagination, annual reports in Phytopathology News, and symposium papers as articles in Phytopathology subject to approval by the editor-in-chief.

Early Nonjournal Publications The Society stepped early but also modestly into the business of publishing nonjournal materials with Phytopathological Classics, starting in 1926. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests (F & N) debuted in 1944 as a supplement to Plant Disease Reporter. The USDA had to discontinue this service due to budget cuts and APS picked it up as a Society publication starting in 1957. Phytopathology News began as a short newsletter issued to each member starting in 1948 and then became part of the advertising page of each issue of Phytopathology starting in 1951. Phytopathology News as a separate, monthly publication began in February 1967, with Malcolm Shurtleff as the first editor.

Can the Classics Be “Self-Supporting”?

Production of Phytopathological Classics was almost singularly and enthusiastically a project of Professor H. H. Whetzel. Whetzel maintained a policy that the Classics should pay their own way through sales and not be subsidized by the Society. Upon his death in 1944, Council divided responsibility for the Classics between an editor and the business manager. In a letter dated December 9, 1955, L. C. Knorr, then editor, pointed out to Council that this arrangement was not working. Knorr wrote that “the Business Manager [then C. W. Boothroyd], on the contrary [to Whetzel’s policy, supported by Knorr] has viewed PC as a project to be supported by the Society as a whole and has requested financial assistance from Council; two grants-in-aid totaling $1850 were made during the last three years.” Knorr proposed that Whetzel’s policy be reaffirmed, pointing out that “a policy of self-sufficiency makes it possible to gauge the extent to which PC is fulfilling an actual need. When, however, PC operates on periodic grants, reality drops out from underneath it, and PC assumes the status of a dispensable luxury. Supported by a grudging charity, PC might well become unpopular.” Council accepted Knorr’s recommendation and thereby established a policy that continues to this day: the Society’s nonjournal publications should be priced in such a way that they are self-supporting and therefore can be shown, based on sales, to have served a real need.

I witnessed and participated in similar discussions myself, during my approximately 10 years on Council in the 1970s and 1980s, with one side arguing that if the publication is so important, the Society should subsidize it, and the other side arguing that if the publication is that important, it will support itself through sales. Today, APS PRESS, the publishing arm of the Society, is run as a business, with prices decided by staff and not Council, not just to break even but to make a profit for support of member services.

Struggles to Launch Monographs and Reviews Council in 1948 appointed a Special Committee on Publications with the charge of enlisting authors of monographs and reviews. Apparently to double the effort or spread out the workload, Council in the 1950s appointed two committees—a Monographs Committee and a Reviews Committee—then later merged them into the Committee on Monographs and Reviews. To further encourage members to think more broadly about the science, Council in 1951 changed the policy to allow Phytopathology to publish reviews rather than exclusively papers “concerned with original experimental data.”

When these measures failed to produce the expected reviews—Barley Yellow Dwarf (8) was the only monograph published as of 1961—Council appointed a nine-member “blue-ribbon” Special Committee to Study Publications and Public Relations, chaired by James G. Horsfall. The eight-page report of this committee to Council in 1961, entitled “Proposed Policy for a New Publication to Be Called Perspectives in Plant Pathology,” is classic and undoubtedly the work of Horsfall. The report states for the benefit of Council: “The Monographs Committee reported hopefully to you in 1957 that 9 topics had been accepted by authors and one ‘is nearly complete.’ Reviews [Committee] the same year noted 66 topics under consideration. In 1958, the Monograph Committee reported that 13 promises had been obtained, that 4 should be printed in 1959. This is 1961. One monograph manuscript has been approved and submitted. Also in 1958, the Reviews Committee reported 10 invitations sent out and refers to the ‘necessary follow-up letters.’

The word, necessary, is an understatement. Six are committed they say. None has been 13

delivered.” The report sums up the situation with the statement: “The general consensus among members seems to be, ‘We want monographs and reviews, but count us out as authors.’”

Horsfall was also appointed chair of the Committee on Monographs and Reviews, where he continued to press for commitment, quality, and financial independence of the series.

In his report at the 1965 annual meeting in Miami, he wrote that “the essence of the problem is that most members of the Society approve of monographs as an abstract idea but in the real world monographs cost money.” He reported that, with a margin of 9 to 2, the committee had voted to “recommend to Council that monographs be set up on a selfsustaining basis and handled like Phytopathological Classics, that members support it with their checkbooks.”

…most members of the Society approve of monographs as an abstract idea but in the real world monographs cost money....monographs [should] be set up on a self-sustaining basis and handled like Phytopathological Classics, that members support it with their checkbooks.

– J. G. Horsfall, 1965

A survey of the APS membership conducted by the Committee on Monographs and Reviews in 1978 revealed that the majority of respondents favored continuation of the series, but only 1% of the membership responded. Facing continuing financial problems, the committee considered whether it should “drop the word ‘Reviews’ from its name and perhaps be combined into one committee with those of APS Compendia and APS Classics.” Two new monographs (numbers 11 and 12 on chestnut blight and soybean rust, respectively) were approved by Council in 1983. With the formation of APS PRESS in 1984 (see below), the committee at its last meeting that year worked hard to “bring as many of the projects as possible forward in good form for the new APS PRESS Editorial Board.” This included the approval of new monographs on potato late blight and apple scab and revisions of several published earlier.

From “Perspectives in Plant Pathology” to Annual Review of Phytopathology The report of the Horsfall-chaired Special Committee to Study Publications and Public Relations with its recommended new publication describes a “perspective” in plant pathology as “a scientific paper of the most sophisticated type…a bigger term than monograph or review.” The new publication was proposed as “a new venture by our Society. It will not perform any function now performed. It will have no captive audience of subscribers. It will not be supported by dues. It must earn its own keep. It must, therefore, have a tight business structure of its own…published by a new corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary non-profit corporation of the A.P.S. corporation…[to] assure (1) that possible bankruptcy is not chargeable to the parent corporation; (2) that the corporation structure will be as tight as need be to organize and operate it.”

Obviously, this proposed publication was not approved. It would be interesting to know the discussions that followed, because this special committee left Biloxi renamed the Special Committee for Annual Reviews, chaired by Horsfall. The vision that was outlined in their report would carry over to the new Annual Review of Phytopathology; Volume 1 was published just two years later, with James G. Horsfall as the founding editor.

The Golden Jubilee Volume Unquestionably, the Golden Jubilee meeting was the most scientifically significant and Society-defining accomplishment of APS in its first 50 years. Fittingly, the concurrent publication of Plant Pathology Problems and Progress 1908–1958 (21) added enormously to the confidence and vision of APS as a leader within the scientific community and to its commitment to scientific excellence.

Glen Pound, as chair of the program committee, wrote to C. S. Holton, chair of the editorial committee, on December 4, 1957: “When writing to each author, I hope you will remind them that the committee wants their paper to be more than a treatise of their own research…Their papers…should constitute a review of past work as well as an appraisal of problems ahead….we solicit their best efforts to make their paper absolutely tops.” On January 10, 1958, in a memo to the 50th Anniversary Committee, Pound suggested the title “Plant Pathology—Problems and Progress, 1958.” D. E. Ellis at North Carolina State, a member of the committee, wrote back four days later saying that “if a date is used in the title, both ‘1908 and 1958’ should be included.” Thus the

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title became Plant Pathology—Problems and Progress, 1908–1958. While not completed until December, and published in 1959, the volume went on sale before the meeting, advertised as a “1000 Page Volume” and “The Most Significant Publication in the History of Plant Pathology” at a prepublication price for members of $8.50, $7.50 if ordered before July 1, 1958.

W. C. Snyder, one of seven members of the Golden Jubilee organizing committee and a member of the first editorial committee of Annual Review of Phytopathology, was also APS representative to the Agricultural Research Institute, Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council (NRC). In this latter position, he obtained NRC sponsorship, and then funding from NRC, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), and the National Science Foundation, for an international symposium on “Factors Determining the Behavior of Plant Pathogens in Soil.” This seminal symposium, which Snyder cochaired with K. F. Baker, was convened at the University of California, Berkeley, in April 1963. From this meeting came still another landmark comprehensive scientific review, patterned after the Golden Jubilee volume and published as Ecology of Soil-borne Plant Pathogens: Prelude to Biological Control (4). This book remains perhaps the all-time best base reference book on the ecology and control of soilborne plant pathogens.

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APS Branches Out with the Compendium Series Having joined in partnership with the AACC, with Ray Tarleton as executive vice president, APS was set to enter the larger world of publishing. It started with publication of the Compendium of Corn Diseases in 1973. Tarleton recalled in personal correspondence that “Mal Shurtleff had written the manuscript as part of a grant he received. He had a choice of having his university publish it or that APS might benefit from its publication. He asked me quite frankly if staff was up to the job. I assured him that staff had been publishing AACC hard copy monographs for a number of years. So that was the start. He gave us the manuscript, did the editing and funding from his grant. Success with the compendium series established our ability as publishers in our field and the rest followed.”

 Announcement and promotion of the forthcoming volume published with the title, Plant Pathology Problems and Progress 1908–1958 (21), representing the proceedings of the Golden Jubilee scientific program.

The compendium series is the most successful nonjournal business undertaking in the history of the Society. As of this writing, APS PRESS offers 50 diagnostic compendia of diseases and pests by plant or crop, including 11 in Spanish. While there are no data on sales of the first edition of the corn compendium, 36,493 copies of the second and third editions had been sold as of June 30, 2007, and the total for all three editions has been estimated at more than 40,000 copies. The total number of all compendia sold as of that date is 405,590, not including the pioneering first edition of the corn compendium.

Plant Disease—The Long-Desired Second Journal Discussions of the need for a second journal go back at least 50 years, motivated in large part by complaints from members doing applied research that Phytopathology was not meeting their needs. My own files from my service on a Special Projects Committee appointed by President Arthur Kelman in 1967 with the charge “to take a broad view of existing projects and sharpen focus on areas in need of further project strength” show that a second journal for applied research was one of the committee’s key recommendations. President James Tammen in 1975 appointed a committee to study the feasibility of publishing a second journal. While there seems to be no record of a report from this committee in the APS Proceedings, their service coincidentally would be preempted that same year by the announcement from USDA-ARS that Plant Disease Reporter (PDR), started in 1917, would be discontinued as part of a budget cut.

The initial response of Council under President Durward Bateman to the USDA announcement was to save PDR as an ARS publication. This response quickly gave 15

way to the idea that APS might take on PDR as the long-desired second journal of the Society for publication of applied research. As Tarleton recalls it, “When Ed [Kendrick, then high in USDA administration] alerted the APS officers that the department was really serious about dropping Plant Disease Reporter, discussions were held by APS officers to determine if we could or should take it over. Most opinions  expressed the need for this type of information and APS should try and assume the publishing role. The key element was money and Ed Kendrick was in a position to do something about this. Ed organized a grant [from USDA-ARS] to provide APS with starting money. Also, staff was asked if physically we could edit and publish another monthly journal—the answer was yes if we could beef up our editorial staff. This was accomplished along with a major design change orchestrated by an APS committee and staff.” That grant turned out to be $236,000 provided in two installments.

President Jack Schafer appointed a committee in November 1978 at the annual meeting in Tucson, with me as the chair, and charged us to design or redesign and launch this new, yet ongoing journal. Three new sections—an editorial page, Features, and a Focus page on the latest in plant pathology published in other journals—were added in addition to the research articles. The name was changed to Plant Disease as the appropriate applied counterpart to Phytopathology, but the PDR volume numbers were continued, starting with Volume 64 in January 1980.

In fact, and a testimony to the outstanding professional staff led by Tarleton, the first issue dated January 1980 was actually published in July 1979, only seven months after the decision by Council to assume publication of this journal. This allowed the Society six months to market a journal that would no longer be free. Twenty thousand copies of the premier issue were mailed in July 1979 to members, libraries, and other potential subscribers to promote the revamped publication. At the 1979 annual meeting, Plant Disease was approved by the APS members as an official journal of the Society, with Malcolm Shurtleff as the first editor-in-chief.

 Cover of the first issue of Plant Disease, formerly Plant Disease Reporter (PDR) published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture starting starting with Volume 1 in 1917 through Volume 63 in 1979, and then as an official monthly journal of the American Phytopathological Society starting with Volume 64 in 1980. This January 1980 issue of Plant Disease was actually published in July 1979 and mailed to some 20,000 potential subscribers as part of a promotion of this journal that would no longer be free.

Two years later, in 1982, having taken note of and inquired into APS’s experience in assuming responsibility for Plant Disease, the British Society for Plant Pathology (BSPP) similarly took over and redesigned the journal Plant Pathology, published for the previous 30 years (1952–1981) by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF).

As in the transition from PDR to Plant Disease, volume numbers of Plant Pathology were continued uninterrupted when publication shifted from MAFF to BSPP. More Notable Books Another step in the evolution of APS as a publishing house came when the Society hosted the Second International Congress of Plant Pathology (ICPP) in Minneapolis in September 1973. The third international symposium on soilborne plant pathogens was held as part of this second meeting of the ICPP. Proceedings from the first two symposia on soilborne pathogens had been published by the University of California Press. As chair of the program on soilborne pathogens for the second ICPP, I approached Ray Tarleton about the possibility of APS publishing these proceedings. The result was apparently the first hardcover book published by APS, Biology and Control of Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens (9), published in 1975.

When Freeman and Company of San Francisco informed Ken Baker and me that our 1974 book, Biological Control of Plant Pathogens (3), was out of print and would not be reprinted, Tarleton, with our concurrence, obtained permission for APS to produce a second printing in 1982. Meanwhile, Baker and I were well along with our second book (14), and since APS had reprinted our first book, it was a natural decision to have them publish this second one as well. That same year (1983), APS also published the volume planned by the Diamond Jubilee Committee, chaired by S. H. Smith, entitled Challenging Problems in Plant Health (26). APS further agreed to publish the proceedings

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of the fifth international symposium on soilborne plant pathogens held in 1983 as part of the fourth ICPP in Melbourne, Australia (34).

At the 1983 Diamond Jubilee meeting of APS held in Ames, Publications Coordinator Thor Kommedahl reported that of 14 new book titles that had been budgeted for income, six had been published, four were in progress, and four had been canceled.

Concurrently at that meeting, Council approved replacement of the publications coordinator position, itself an outgrowth of the 1960 Publications [super] Committee, with a Publications Board for nonjournal publications, independent of Phytopathology, Plant Disease, and Phytopathology News, with George Agrios as editor-in-chief. Thus, the stage was set for the creation of APS PRESS. Formation of APS PRESS One of my first formal actions as APS president following the 1983 meeting in Ames— in fact, even before the end of the meeting—was to appoint an ad hoc committee chaired

by A. R. Weinhold to review the APS committee structure for nonjournal publications and recommend a more simplified structure that would also provide quality control. The need to take a fresh look at the APS infrastructure for nonjournal publications came up in a conversation I had with Ray Tarleton and Steve Nelson during our car ride from St. Paul to Ames to the 75th anniversary meeting of the Society. APS had evolved a complex structure of committees to guide it in selecting and publishing its growing number and variety of publications, including the Phytopathological Classics Committee, Phytopathological Monographs and Reviews Committee, Disease Compendium Committee, Books Committee, and Publications Coordinating Committee. Yet the manuscript Baker and I had submitted for our second book was never actually reviewed by any member of the Books Committee (although we had obtained our own external reviews before submitting the manuscript).

At the 1984 annual meeting on the campus of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Council approved the establishment of APS PRESS, with George Agrios as the first editor-in-chief. APS PRESS, with an editor-in-chief and associate editors, thus assumed a role equivalent to that of the editorial boards of Phytopathology and Plant Disease, including a position on Council for the editor-in-chief. All other committees were either discontinued, and their duties assumed by APS PRESS, or reorganized to be under the auspices of APS PRESS. Two years later, the Committee on Illustrations of Plant Pathogens and Diseases was similarly moved to become a committee under APS PRESS, with continuing responsibility for the production of marketable sets of slides and other illustrations.

The expansion of the Society’s in-house publication capability as APS PRESS was justified primarily as a service to members, both in publishing books authored by members and in providing books to members at a time when commercial scientific publishing houses had all but abandoned the individual book buyer by targeting library sales through extremely high pricing strategies. APS PRESS provided books at reasonable prices, often because the member-authors declined to accept royalties. Including compendia and four titles in the Plant Health Management series launched in 1991 with the publication of Wheat Health Management (16), more than 200 titles are available from APS PRESS as of this writing, generating income for fiscal year 2007 of $854,064, representing 18% of the annual income of the Society. Other productions include a large collection of slide sets and other teaching materials, and a CD-ROM collection that includes the proceedings of APS meetings starting with 2003. Because of the growth in the number of titles and the need to improve service to customers worldwide, APS PRESS opened an office in Europe in 1996.

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions The next (third) major journal taken on by the Society was Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (MPMI). MPMI was launched in 1987 as a new journal shared with the International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (IS-MPMI) and was 17

sponsored initially by APS PRESS. George Bruening was appointed as the first editorin-chief. Two years later, at the annual meeting in Richmond, Council approved offering MPMI as a journal option for members, appointed Luis Sequeira to succeed Bruening as editor-in-chief, and added the MPMI editor-in-chief as a member of Council. Sequeira as president of APS in 1986 had appointed an ad hoc committee to review the need and opportunity for a new journal. He was also a member of IS-MPMI and took the lead in obtaining the agreement that MPMI would serve as an official journal of both IS-MPMI and APS. As a relatively new scientific society, IS-MPMI had few resources to start a journal. APS, with its publication infrastructure and healthy financial status, thus underwrote essentially all of the start-up costs for MPMI, including the design, production, promotion, marketing, and distribution. This was a strategic investment on the forefront of molecular plant pathology as an emerging field of science, and it addressed the  need for APS to provide young scientists with another reason to join the Society. Sharing this journal also headed off the possibility that ISMPMI might find another way to start a competing journal. However, while editorial and financial responsibilities for MPMI were transferred to and assumed by a joint committee of APS and IS-MPMI in 1990, it was not until 1992 that an agreement on sharing of revenue was reached, when the IS-MPMI Executive Committee accepted an offer of royalty payments from APS based on the number of personal and library subscriptions to the journal.

Electronic and Online Publications By the early 1990s, it was clear that to remain competitive as a publishing house, APS would need to make a successful transition from providing exclusively hard-copy journals and books sent through the mail and stored on shelves to embrace entirely electronic methods of journal and book production, dissemination, and storage. With nearly 80% of Society income dependent on the sale of books and journal subscriptions, the financial implications of this transition had to be faced and managed realistically. APS staff under the leadership of Ray Tarleton had, during the 1980s, made sure that APS publication practices took advantage of the savings and efficiencies offered by the latest technologies in word processing and desktop publishing by continually updating the in-house computers and software (27). This strategy of APS as an “early adopter” of electronic publishing, the skills of a dedicated APS staff, and the leadership and hard work of a few visionary members of the Society have been key to the success of APS in its transition to online publications and communications.

 Cover of the first issue of Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (MPMI), launched in 1987 as a new journal of the American Phytopathological Society shared with the International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. MPMI was sponsored initially by APS PRESS and then became a journal option for members of APS in 1989.

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In 1992, Council appointed an ad hoc committee, called the Electronic Technology Committee, chaired by Larry Moore at Oregon State University “to aid staff in identifying the best technology for use at headquarters.” This led, in 1994, to the launch of the highly successful APSnet which was introduced to the membership at the 86th annual meeting in Albuquerque. One outgrowth of this effort was a decision to convert to all-electronic handling of Plant Disease Notes. In 1993, J.D. MacDonald was appointed the first assigning editor of the Notes and charged with developing the procedures for e-mail-based submission, review, editing and final acceptance…a mission that was a challenge when e-mail was still in its infancy. As the number of electronic initiatives grew, President Sue Tolin, in 1995, repositioned the ad hoc committee, forming instead a standing committee of the society, called the Electronic Technology Advisory Committee (ETAC) and chaired by MacDonald. The ETAC was charged to “advise Council, journal editors and APS staff of opportunities to better serve members through electronic communications/publications.” Again, in 1997, as the number of initiatives and policy complexities continued to expand, Council approved a further reorganization that created the Office of Electronic Communications (OEC) with MacDonald as the first director, and ETAC became a committee under OEC.

The first online electronic symposium held on APSnet was in 1996 on Karnal bunt; it began on June 24 and continued for several weeks after the 1996 annual meeting in Indianapolis. The following year, APS PRESS made its online debut with “Lessons in Plant Pathology” and the first online slide set, “Diseases, Pests, and Non-nutrient Disorders of Sugar Cane.” Also in 1998, Gail Schumann and Jim MacDonald were awarded the Media Award of Excellence from the National Association of Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture for their 1996 effort to convert the Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases into a CD-Rom product under the auspices of APS PRESS. By the end of the 1990s, other professional agricultural scientific societies were looking to APS for leadership in online publishing.

Introduction of Online Journals APS launched two online peer-reviewed publications in 2000: Plant Health Progress (PHP), with Tim Murray as its first editor-in-chief, and The Plant Health Instructor (PHI), focusing on instructional materials and scholarship in teaching, with Editor-inChief Gail Schumann. PHP also then became the founding publication for the online Plant Management Network (PMN), developed in partnership with the American Society of Agronomy and the Crop Science Society of America, and in cooperation with the Entomological Society of America, the Society of Nematologists, the Weed Science Society of America, and other related societies. This is another example of APS working with its peer group of professional scientific societies.

As noted above, F & N (Fungicide and Nematicide Tests) was assumed as an annual publication of the Society starting in 1957. In 1985, APS launched B & C (Biological and Cultural Tests) for reports relating to nonchemical methods of plant disease management, including biological control products, resistant varieties, and cultural practices; the first volume appeared in early 1986, and John Hartman was the first editor.

Starting in 2002, both F & N and B & C were added as online publications of the newly formed PMN, and archives of the 2000–2006 volumes of F & N and 2001–2006 volumes of B & C are now accessible online through PMN. In 2007, F & N and B & C were merged into the single Plant Disease Management Reports (PDMR), with D. S. Egel as editor-in-chief. PDMR is now online through PMN. Publications infrastructure and services have continued to be a priority with APS. For example, a new web page, APSnet III, went online during the summer of 2000; the APSnet Education Center, aimed at elementary and high school teachers, also launched in 2000; APS News Capsules started in 1997; and Web-based journal submissions and manuscript tracking became possible in 2004. After declining an invitation from Science in 2002 to participate in a PubMed Central program that provides free access to publications starting 6 months after publication, APS joined the program as of April 2005, making all of its journals available free online through PubMed Central but with a two-year delay. Starting in 2005, APS contracted with the University of Wisconsin to scan all back issues of Phytopathology, Plant Disease, and MPMI and to make them freely available on the worldwide web.

As of this 100-year celebration, the APS Publications Board consists of a chair; the editors-in-chief of Phytopathology, Plant Disease, MPMI, APS PRESS, Phytopathology News, Plant Health Progress, Plant Health Instructor and APSnet Education Center, and Plant Disease Management Reports; and the director of the Office of Electronic Communications.

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Public Perception of APS—and of Plant Pathologists

Although I find a lot of sentiment expressed in these letters for a change in name for the Society and for the name American Society of Plant Pathologists which I myself prefer, I do not believe that there is sufficient majority of opinion to warrant our going any further with this problem at the present time.

– G. W. Fisher, 1952

Probably no single “nonissue” has occupied more of the time of the APS leadership over the decades than the Society’s public image, or rather its lack thereof. I recall well the exchange of correspondence among my fellow members of the New [Special] Projects Committee, concluding that APS had no public image and needed to do something about it. One of the earliest and most sensible and successful attempts to get more visibility with the public focused on news releases to the popular media based on papers presented at the annual meetings. In 1976, for example, the APS Public Relations Committee, cochaired by Sam Smith and Bob Toler, reported to Council that “fifty two stories had been written concerning the annual meeting at the time of their presentation” and that “eighty newspapers were carrying stories concerning the annual APS meeting.”

However, no effort to improve—or create—an image for the Society was more controversial, or historically more interesting, than the attempts to change its name.

First Attempt to Change the Society’s Name The first formal attempt to change the name of APS was in 1951 when Council, following a motion by George W. Fischer at the business meeting in Cincinnati, appointed Fischer, C. W. Tucker, and James G. Horsfall to a temporary committee, with Horsfall as chair, “to ascertain the opinion of the members of the Society to changing the name of the Society to one more easily understood by the public.”

A “Dear Friends” form letter dated March 7, 1952, was sent to all plant pathology departments “to obtain a sample of opinion.” The letter clarified that “any name finally proposed by the committee will be presented to the Society, of course, for ballot vote.”

The letter included a long list of reasons to change the name and three reasons against a new name. Among the familiar arguments in favor of changing the name were these variations on a theme: the name is not understood by the general public; the window in the world can see through plant pathology easier than through phytopathology; and a member seldom if ever says, when asked his profession, “I am a phytopathologist.”

Reasons not to change included the fact that “phytopathology” describes the profession in one word and the argument that “any learned society wants a dignified name—the name plant pathology has dignity, but perhaps phytopathology is higher on the scientific snob scale”; it “sounds scientific.”

The alternative names proposed by this committee were the American Society of Plant Pathologists, Society of American Plant Pathologists, American Society for the Study of Plant Diseases, and American Society of Plant Doctors. The committee emphasized that the name of the journal was not under discussion. While the committee was only asking for a straw poll, the responses reflected a misunderstanding on the part of some who believed that the name was going to be changed and that they had no voice in that decision. Fischer summarized the responses in a letter to Horsfall dated May 1, 1952: “Although I find a lot of sentiment expressed in these letters for a change in name for the Society and for the name American Society of Plant Pathologists which I myself prefer, I do not believe that there is sufficient majority of opinion to warrant our going any further with this problem at the present time.” Horsfall replied a week later: “I will write to Council today, recommending that the subject be brought up for discussion at the Ithaca [venue of the 1952 annual] meeting. I quite agree…that the timing is still not right to do anything about it with the membership until they have had more chance to think it over.”

Second and Third Attempts to Change the Name About 15 years later, Council decided to revisit this issue at the 1968 annual meeting held on the campus of Ohio State University. A. W. Dimmock, APS president following that meeting, wrote to Secretary George Zentmyer on November 21, 1968, with the opening: “Bravo! I think you will find that you are far from alone in your opposition to changing the name of our Society.” Dimmock went on to say, “I, too, find it a little hard to believe that changing the name, no matter how far down the ladder we go, will have

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much effect on the public image of plant pathologists.” Dimmock, who had missed the 1968 annual meeting and only learned of the renewed discussion of a name change in the Council minutes, wrote further in his letter to Zentmyer that “I assumed, perhaps incorrectly, that the general sentiment was for a change, in which event I [as President] should not actively oppose it,” but he allowed that “if there is a name change, I will never voluntarily accede to anything farther down than ‘The American Society of Plant Pathology.’” Coincidentally, a Constitution Revision Committee was also at work at the time, chaired by Zentmyer, presenting the obvious opportunity or responsibility to include the new name as part of any revision should the change be approved by the members. In a letter to Zentmyer dated December 5, 1968, Dimmock agreed to consider the question of a name change for the Society but recommended that it be kept separate from the issue of a revised constitution, because “the matter of a name change is too controversial to be mixed with the constitution revision.”

These early exchanges between Dimmock and Zentmyer were followed by nearly five years of discussions and letter exchanges before the issue was put to a vote of the members at the business meeting in 1972 in Mexico City. Two examples of the exchanges will suffice to illustrate the humor and honesty expressed in the opposing opinions.

George Hepting, then councilor-at-large, wrote to Secretary Zentmyer on November 19, 1968, supporting a name change; after referring to the American Medical Association, the American Bankers Association, and the American Architects Institute, he remarked, “Apparently they resisted the urge to translate their names into Latin. I wish we had.”

S. E. A. McCallan wrote to Dimmock on December 9, 1969: “Our Society might try to reduce our lingo to four letter words, but we would still have problems. Any man in the street knows what rust and smut is. The first is bad for machinery. A lot of the second is bad, but a little adds spice to a joke.”

In 1971, President Joe Fulton asked immediate past president Thor Kommedahl to chair an ad hoc Committee on the Name Change. Others on the committee were D. E. Ellis, R. J. Green, Ray Tarleton, and Zentmyer. A poll of the membership revealed that if the name were changed, the preference was decidedly in favor of the American Society of Plant Pathologists. Curiously, the committee’s report referred in one place to “American Society of Plant Pathologists” and in another place to “The American Society of Plant Pathologists.” This inconsistency was resolved in the final wording of a resolution to change Article I of the Articles of Incorporation to read “The name of the body corporate is American Society of Plant Pathologists.” The resolution was defeated.

Those who were members of the Society during this period will likely remember Zentmyer’s article “Why Change the Society’s Name???” in which he so passionately argued against the change. Calling the notion that changing the name would increase our public image “unadulterated nonsense!” he wrote that “People with whom I have dealt in government, local citizenry, the press, and the farmer don’t care one iota what we call ourselves. What we do to make our science meaningful and useful is what matters to them and what should matter to us.”

People with whom I have dealt in government, local citizenry, the press, and the farmer don’t care one iota what we call ourselves. What we do to make our science meaningful and useful is what matters to them and what should matter to us.

– G. Zentmyer, 1971

Nevertheless, five years later, the proposal was back, this time for consideration at the 1977 meeting held at Michigan State University. The proposal presented to the members at the 1977 general business meeting was to amend Article 1 of the constitution to read “the American Society for Plant Pathology” in place of “The American Phytopathological Society.” About half of the members voted for the change, but since a constitutional change requires 75% affirmative, the motion failed again.

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National Service and Outreach APS has a particularly rich history of responding to national needs, the most recent example being its leadership within the scientific community since September 11, 2001, in providing science-based advice to both the executive and legislative branches of the federal government regarding the identification and management of the risks to U.S. agriculture of plant pathogens used as agents of bioterrorism. However, probably no responses were undertaken with a greater sense of purpose and urgency than the formation and work of the War Emergency Board during World War I, starting about 10 years after the Society was formed (10), and of the  War Emergency Committee of APS during World War II. The goal in both cases was to help assure the nation’s food security.

War Emergency Board The goals and scope of work of the War Emergency Board are especially apparent in the minutes of a special threeday meeting held in Washington, DC, February 9-11, 1918, which were published in Science (29). The board’s goals were to mobilize the nation’s plant pathologists “in order that we might have as complete a consensus as possible of all persons able to carry on pathological work during the coming season” and “to stimulate a more concentrated and correlated attack upon certain important diseases through the established state and federal channels.” Commissioners present at the 1918 meeting included H. H. Whetzel (chair), Cornell University; F. D. Kern, Pennsylvania State College; E. C. Stakman, University of Minnesota; H. P. Barass, Oregon State College of Agriculture; H. W. Barre, Clemson College; and G. R. Lyman (secretary), USDA Bureau of Plant Industry. Others attending the meeting were M. T. Cook, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; H. S. Fawcett of the Citrus Experiment Station in Riverside, CA; and virtually every federal pathologist working in the Bureau of Plant Industry from time to time during the three-day meeting. In this day when one can travel across the North American continent in about five hours, it is hard to imagine what it must have been like for Barass and Fawcett, for example, in the winter of 1918, to travel from Corvallis and Riverside, respectively, to Washington and back by trains pulled by coal-burning locomotives.

 The APS War Emergency Board was formed in 1918 with the goal of ensuring the food supply in the nation would remain secure.

Standing left to right: E.C. Stakman, G.R. Lyman, H.W. Barre, F.D. Kern, and G.H. Coones.

Sitting left to right: W.A. McCubbin, H.H. Whetzel, and H.P. Barrus.

Capitalizing on “the spirit of cooperation which has been stimulated and developed by the national emergency caused by the war,” the plan of action developed by the board was to encompass “extension campaigns…decided by…pathologists of the various sections [of the country] since these are in most cases regional problems and can not be wisely decided by the Board for the country as a whole.” It also planned to increase “the supply of young pathological workers,” including through “special war emergency short courses…with a view to prepare the students for more effective work on the farms this coming season,” and to intensify research on “problems of a distinctly emergency nature.” Two diseases are mentioned specifically in the report as the targets of “cooperative research on a broad scale:” smut of cereals, “since this loss can be prevented easily at a cost not exceeding 3 cents per acre for materials and labor”; and the eradication of common barberry, because of its “link in the life history of stem rust of wheat in the upper Mississippi valley.” No doubt, these two priorities reflected the influence of Stakman as the commissioner leading the work on emergency research.

To better communicate its plan of action (note the goal of attracting some public recognition), the board adopted resolutions prefaced with this statement: “never before has there been such urgent need for control work in order that the food supply may be increased, while at the same time the general application of control measures will be rendered very difficult on account of the serious shortage of farm labor, making

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it almost impossible for the farmer to undertake any work not absolutely essential.”

By publishing the minutes in Science rather than the Society’s own Phytopathology, the members of the board clearly showed their desire for their work to be known to the entire scientific community and not just among their own colleagues and fellow members of APS. It is also noteworthy that they referred to themselves for purposes of this report as “The War Emergency Board of American Plant Pathologists,” not of The American Phytopathological Society. The board’s final action at this meeting was to lay out plans for a publicity campaign “to get this information to the public,” emphasizing that “pathologists should publish articles in newspapers and popular magazines and … embrace every opportunity to deliver popular lectures on pathological subjects.” Thus began the APS commitment to public education and outreach.

War Emergency Committee—and the First APS Position Statement The War Emergency Committee of APS (WECAPS), formed in the fall of 1941, had a much larger membership than the War Emergency Board some 25 years earlier, and was organized around both regions and priority areas. E. C. Stakman, a key member of the War Emergency Board, was chair of the WECAPS. The regional organization was divided into the Northeastern, Middle Atlantic, Southern, Upper Mississippi Valley, and Pacific Coast areas. The Canadian Phytopathological Society took up similar functions and responsibilities and expanded the membership of the WECAPS with representation from each province of Canada. Each region was represented by a chair and at least one person from each state or province within that region. Some regions set up subcommittees around the major crops grown in that region. Extension became a major focus of the WECAPS, including on the Canadian side, to ensure that results were not just being published in scientific journals and advancing the science but were also being put into practice by farmers. A membership list provided by R. J. Haskell, senior extension plant pathologist at USDA in Washington, DC, included 81 names, making this one of the largest, perhaps the largest, APS committee ever formed.

In addition to the subcommittees formed around crops within some regions, the parent group WECAPS was further organized into subcommittees focusing on Seed Certification, Fungicides, Quarantine, Plant Disease Survey, Extension, and Members at Large. Two actions initiated in 1942, the first by the Quarantine Subcommittee and the second by the Fungicide Subcommittee, will serve to illustrate the roles played by the WECAPS in addressing the nation’s wartime interests.

On February 21, 1942, the USDA Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, in a letter from Senior Pathologist W. A. McCubbins to E. C. Stakman, expressed concern that “the stress of war conditions will develop a tendency to disregard and impatiently override plant quarantine restrictions as safeguards as matters of trivial present importance.”

In response to this letter, WECAPS produced the first policy statement provided to the federal government by APS: The War Emergency Board of The American Phytopathological Society emphasizes the permanent national value of the plant quarantine system designed to exclude or to limit the spread of injurious foreign insects and diseases, and urges that this protection be maintained intact in its essentials in war, as well as peace.

The Board believes that when war emergency needs and quarantine protection are considered realistically together in true perspective, it will be apparent to all State and Federal officials or agencies having directive, judicial, or advisory relations to foreign plant importations, that injurious foreign pests may be potentially as dangerous as human enemies, particularly since their work of destruction is likely to go on forever after they become established here; that it does not seem wise to jeopardize the welfare of this country for countless generations to come by temporary abandonment or weakening of vital quarantine safeguards; that modifications in those plant quarantine procedures 23

which involve no actual pest risk features can and should be made when necessary to meet national emergency needs; but that essential features of plant quarantine procedure intimately concerned with specific diseases or insect risks should continue to be faithfully observed.

That same month, in a memorandum dated March 16, 1942, R. J. Haskell alerted the nation’s “Extension Specialists in Plant Pathology and Horticulture” to the concern over meeting the needs of agriculture for spray materials and seed disinfectants and informed them of his success in “obtaining a recognition of the importance of fungicides in food production and in insuring a reasonable supply of materials for producing this year’s crops.” His memo went on to state that his office had “requested Dr. J. G. Horsfall, plant pathologist at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station…to furnish a statement on ‘stretching’ spray materials and disinfectants.” Horsfall, as chair of the WECAPS Fungicide Subcommittee, with members S. E. A. McCallan, J. G. Leach, and M. B. Moore, made a list of 23 materials with possibilities as substitutes for currently used fungicides, identified “equipment priorities” regarding dusting and spraying machinery, and recommended careful attention to correct diagnosis in order to eliminate unnecessary treatments. In a memorandum to the wider WECAPS, addressed to “Pathologists in Charge” and dated March 20, 1942, Horsfall with his classic flair wrote: Gentlemen: It is interesting that war on our enemies and war on fungi demand almost identical munitions. Since present facilities cannot supply the total required, some compromises need to be derived. No one would want the primary war effort to suffer. Clearly then, we who must deal with food supplies and the fungicides to protect them face an inescapable situation of scarcity of material that we formerly accepted as plentiful.

The memo goes on to project likely shortages and outline the subcommittee’s recommendations.

This subcommittee was also asked by the U.S. War Food Administration in early 1942 to study proposed revisions of the Federal Insecticide Act. The subcommittee completed its study and proposed revisions of the Act. This may have been the first of many times that APS has been requested to provide input or has voluntarily responded to proposed legislation and policy initiatives of the federal government.

National Service During the Cold War and Vietnam War Eras In a spirit of national service and cooperation similar to that characterizing the establishment of the War Emergency Board and the War Emergency Committee, and later the response to September 11, 2001, the Society organized an effort during the 1960s to aid the U.S. Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization in its responsibility for the protection of crops against biological and chemical warfare and the protection of agricultural resources from radioactive fallout. The Temporary Committee for Aiding the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, chaired by Axel Andersen, was appointed for this purpose. The committee’s 1961 “Report to the President of The American Phytopathological Society on the Role that the Society Might Play in Aiding Civil Defense” opens with this statement: “The committee has endeavored to compile ideas and reactions regarding the role that The American Phytopathological Society might play in aiding civil defense by contacting several members of the society in the various parts of the United States including individuals that are already actively engaged in projects involving both the offensive and defensive aspects of biological warfare on plants.”

In the course of its investigations, the committee learned and reported that the USDA Agricultural Research Service had been given broad responsibility for programs for the “control or eradication of diseases, pests, or chemicals introduced as agents of biological or chemical warfare against animals, crops or products.” The report goes on: “Thus it appears…that the United States Department of Agriculture already has a wellestablished program in operation. This, however, is unknown to many members of The 24

American Phytopathological Society….Dr. Rodenheiser has made the suggestion that our committee ‘review the whole field of responsibility’…in a session at one of our national meetings. The committee and others believe that…this report should be brought to the attention of A.P.S. members as soon as possible, preferably at the Biloxi meetings in December [1961].”

In 1962, the temporary committee became the Special Committee for Coordination with Office of Defense Mobilization, chaired by John Mitchell. Apparently looking to serve the nation in other ways, this committee reported that “7 important organizations were notified of the appointment of this special committee on defense,” including “9 military agencies” on “utilization of plant pathologists in military service.” The name of the committee was changed in 1963 to the Committee on Coordination with Office of Civil Defense, still chaired by Mitchell. Referring to a resolution that had been passed at the Biloxi meetings on the need for a “Plant Disease Detection and Reporting System in the U.S,” the committee’s 1963 report stated that “Resolutions as such have little value in matters such as these and that vigorous action on the part of all pathologists in general will be required if the objectives of the Resolution are to be effected.” The committee recommended a joint meeting with the Committee on Regulatory Work and Foreign Plant Diseases “to consider what action is to be taken and the responsibilities for initiating such action.”

The appointment of this committee was allowed to expire with the 1963 report, but was reactivated in 1968, during the Vietnam War, as the Committee on Utilization of Personnel in the Armed Forces. J. E. Mitchell was reappointed as chair. The committee reported in 1969 that “the possibility that plant pathology students being drafted will be assigned to some activity utilizing their training is, at present, remote. The Army Biological Laboratories at Fort Detrick…are not able to request personnel by name and…openings are filled by the first biologists whose card passes through the computer.”

The report continued, “there is no evidence that [men who are inducted] are given assignments commensurate with their training” and noted that “the number of men affected has increased substantially in recent months as those reclassified during the year were ordered to report for induction.” Having met with almost no success, this committee, with Axel Andersen as chair, filed its final report in 1970.

The same year that the Committee on Utilization of Personnel in the Armed Forces was discontinued, President D. E. Ellis appointed the ad hoc Committee for the Study of Herbicide Effects in Vietnam, chaired by E. A. Curl and charged to work with the Soil Microbiology Committee to “make recommendations with regard to the role of APS in such a study.” The committee appointments were extended the following year by President Thor Kommedahl as the Special Herbicide Study Committee with the charge to “cooperate in an advisory capacity with the Herbicide Assessment Commission of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).” The purpose of the AAAS effort was to formulate research objectives and procedures for a proposed long-range study of herbicide effects on agriculture in the affected areas. In addition to the five-member Special Herbicide Study Committee chaired by Curl, the APS effort in cooperation with AAAS included an advisory panel of eight plant pathologists plus six members of the APS executive committee as representatives. APS interest in the joint effort focused on possible plant disease problems that might be related to the use of herbicides. AAAS had opposed the use of herbicides in Vietnam. The ad hoc committee’s work was considered complete as of June 1972, with the submission of an “extensive outline of suggested objectives and procedures for use by the AAAS as reference in planning a plant pathological phase of research as part of an overall program of integrated disciplines.”

Outreach to Biology Teachers and High School Students An ongoing and outstanding example of national service and outreach, and another positive contribution to the APS public image, was started during the 1960s with the appointment of a Special Committee on American Biology Teacher, chaired by G. L. McNew of Boyce Thompson Institute. This committee drew up a syllabus that outlined a 25

series of brief articles for a special issue of the American Biology Teacher, including articles on the profession of plant pathology, causes of plant diseases, fluctuations in prevalence of plant diseases, control of plant diseases, the plant pathologist’s role in agricultural operations, and the place of plant pathology information in the curriculum of a high school course in general biology. The 40+ manuscripts for this issue were completed in 1965 and published in 1967.

Five years later, Harlan Smith suggested in a letter to Potomac Division Councilor M. E. Gallegly, dated March 24, 1972, that APS consider the need to work with youth. At the Mexico City meeting, Council decided to ask plant pathology department heads whether APS should establish a special committee on youth. In 1982, a group led by Walker Miller wrote to Council requesting the appointment of an ad hoc committee on youth programs in plant pathology. Council followed this recommendation and appointed the Special Committee on Youth Programs in 1983, with Walker Miller as chair. The committee, which became a standing committee in 1987, laid plans that would follow the lead that the Special Committee on American Biology Teacher had started 20 years earlier: to focus on integration of information on the science and practice of plant pathology into curricula and on reading and teaching materials for high school biology teaching and learning. In its 1985 report, the committee stated that it planned to “write or coordinate the writing of articles for science teachers to be published in the American Biology Teacher and Science of Food and Agriculture.”

Starting in 1991, the Public Relations and Youth Programs committees hosted the first annual high school science student-teacher luncheon and tour of posters “for the purpose of publicizing plant pathology.” The Youth Programs Committee has also sponsored workshops for middle and high school biology teachers. One such workshop at the 1996 annual meeting in Indianapolis entitled “Plant Pathology for Middle and High School Biology Teachers” included lectures on plant pathogens as useful tools in teaching biological science and experiments that gave the participants hands-on experience.

Among the handouts, participants were given a copy of Learning Biology with Plant Pathology, authored by committee member Juliet Carrol (13), as a joint effort of the Youth Programs Committee and the National Association of Biology Teachers.

The Intersociety Consortium for Plant Protection (ISCPP) APS had long considered the need for a “legislative committee” that would monitor federal legislation and policy relevant to the science and practice of plant pathology. In 1976, for example, and based on concepts developed and provided by immediate past president James Tammen, Council authorized the Public Responsibilities Committee with responsibility for advising “the President of the Society upon legislation related to our science and profession, and programs and policies of various government agencies.”

The first attempt of APS to have a structured “Washington presence” with direct and personal involvement of APS officers also happened under the leadership of James Tammen, during his term as president of APS in 1975. Tammen proposed in concept an Intersociety Consortium for Plant Protection (ISCPP) with membership from APS, the Entomological Society of America, the Weed Science Society of America, and the Society of Nematologists. Council approved APS membership in the ISCPP in 1976. The other three societies then followed suit. The representation from these societies consisted of the officers, typically the president, president-elect, and immediate past president or vice president. The position of chair of the ISCPP rotated among the four societies.

Meetings were held at a venue somewhere in Washington, DC, four times each year, with invitations extended mainly to leaders within the executive branch (e.g., USDA, National Science Foundation, Environmental Protection Agency [EPA]) to meet with ISCPP at a specified time and place and with a specified agenda. The ISCPP representatives also visited legislative and executive branch offices, identifying their organization as representing more than 20,000 members nationally in the plant protection sciences.

In 1986, ISCPP sent a letter to EPA objecting to the restrictive interim policies on smallscale field tests of microbial biocontrol agents, arguing that genetically unaltered and most genetically altered microbial biocontrol agents need not be regulated when tested in 26

small field trails. In 1987, ISCPP undertook sponsorship and funding of a Congressional Science Fellow to function under the auspices of the AAAS Congressional Science Fellow program and to serve for one year free of charge on the staff of a member of Congress or legislative committee. Charles Delp was selected as the first and as it turned out the only ISCPP Congressional Science Fellow. The Entomological Society of America decided to withdraw from ISCPP in 1987, and at the 1989 annual meeting of APS, Council decided that after two years of inactivity of the consortium, APS would also withdraw its participation. And so ended the ISCPP. The National Plant Pathology Board (now Public Policy Board) The current APS presence in Washington through the Public Policy Board (PPB) traces to the appointment of the National Plant Pathology Board (NPPB) by President George Agrios in 1991. The idea to form this board originated with APS member Clifford Gabriel, who was then working as a staff person in the Office of Science and Technology (the White House science office). APS Council approved formation of the NPPB in March 1991, with founding members R. James Cook, Clifford Gabriel, Arthur Kelman, Luis Sequeira, Sue Tolin, and Anne Vidaver as chair. The purpose set forth was to “serve as the liaison between The American Phytopathological Society and the various federal, private, and public advocacy groups in Washington and elsewhere; to keep our Society officers and membership informed of new proposals, regulations, legislation, or other developments at the national level that might be of importance or of concern to our Society and to our membership; to advise our Society officers on actions that need to be taken on such matters; and, when a reply or action to any such matter is needed urgently, to work with the President of our Society and to formulate and present such a reply or take the necessary action on behalf of our Society.” In other words, the NPPB was given almost free rein to serve and represent APS in public policy discussions and responses.

The accomplishments of the NPPB and subsequently the PPB at the federal level have been profound. Among the early examples: The NPPB organized a briefing on “Microbial Diversity” at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History, which led to the inclusion of the role of microorganisms in the prospective National Biological Survey sponsored by the Department of the Interior. APS President William Fry represented the Society in a congressional briefing in 1996 on “Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases,” convened and moderated by NPPB chair Anne Vidaver. Also in 1996, the NPPB prepared a fact sheet on Karnal bunt for distribution via APSnet and produced a position statement on the “Use of Quarantines for Wheat Karnal Bunt” (Table 1) that led to a policy change in how the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) responds to this pathogen. The board also provided comments on proposed APHIS “procedures for dealing with transgenic plants” and developed a position paper in 1999 on “Biological Weapons” (Table 1) that was subsequently adopted by APS Council.

Table 1. Position Statements of The American Phytopathological Society • Statement Issued by the War Emergency Committee of APS to USDA Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine on the Importance of Not Compromising U.S Quarantine Standards During The War Effort, 1942 • APS Statement on World Population and the Food Supply, 1985 • Long Range Research Goals for Plant Pathology, 1986 (30) • Medicines for Plant Health: Fungicides, 1990 • Research on Plant Disease and Pest Management is Essential to Sustainable Agriculture, 1995 (17) • Use of Quarantines for Wheat Karnal Bunt, 1996 • Certification and The American Phytopathological Society, 1998 • APS Position on Biological Weapons, 1999 • APS Resolution on Wood Importation, 1999 • APS Statement on Biotechnology, 2000 • APS Statement on Biotechnology and its Application to Plant Pathology, 2001 • Policy Guidelines of the APS Publications Board in the Handling of Manuscripts Dealing With Crop Biosecurity and Agricultural Bioterrorism Issues, 2003 • On The Teaching of Evolution and Intelligent Design (ID), 2005

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Response to the EPA “Proposed Rule on Plant Pesticides” One of the most significant early undertakings of the NPPB was in response to an EPA Proposed Rule to subject the commercial use of disease- and pest-resistance genes and their products to approval under authority of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) on the grounds that these are “substances or mixtures of substances intended for pest control” and therefore meet the FIFRA definition of a pesticide. The NPPB members, joined by APS members Roger Beachy and David Gilchrist, led a multisociety effort, ultimately joined by 10 other professional scientific societies and representing 80,000 members, to provide alternatives to what became known as the EPA “Proposed Rule on Plant Pesticides.” In addition to comments provided by APS as a Society, the 11-member multisociety consortium, led by the Tri-Societies and the Institute of Food Technologists, produced its own proposal under the title “Appropriate Oversight for Plants with Inherited Traits for Resistance to Pests” (15). The NPPB then took the lead in producing a “Decision Guide for EPA Review of Plants with Inherited Traits for Resistance to Pests.”

The Council on Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) produced a similar position statement opposing the rule and especially use of the term “plant pesticide” for genes and their products intended for disease and pest control. Arthur Kelman, representing CAST, and I, representing the 11-member multisociety consortium, were each invited to testify on the proposed EPA rule before the Risk Management, Research, and Specialty Crops Subcommittee and the Department Operations, Oversight, Nutrition, and Forestry Subcommittees of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture.

Although EPA’s authority for oversight of traits introduced for disease and pest control has prevailed specifically for transgenic traits, the term “plant pesticide” was replaced in the final rule with “plant-expressed protectant,” a term supported by the NPPB. The Office of Public Affairs and Education (now Office of Public Relations and Outreach) In 1995 APS Council approved formation of the Office of Public Affairs and Education (OPAE) to “focus and coordinate the many activities of our Society in public outreach.”

The OPAE mission statement reads: “The mission of the APS Office of Public Affairs and Education would be to educate the public and work with other professional societies to influence public policy.” Anne Vidaver, still serving as chair of the NPPB, was appointed interim director of OPAE. Gary Bergstrom was appointed as the first director in 1996, and the first advisory board to OPAE was appointed in 1997. To assure full coordination and cooperation, OPAE Advisory Board members were assigned liaison responsibilities with, respectively, the Office of Electronic Communications and the Extension, Youth Programs, Industry, Sustaining Associates, Private Practice, and Teaching committees.

In addition, the chairs of the PPB and the Communications Committee, the APSnet Feature Editor, and the APS President or her or his designee served on the OPAE Advisory Board as ex officio voting members. In 2007, this office was renamed the Office of Public Relations and Outreach.

The First (and Current) Paid Professional Consultant in Washington In 1999, under the auspices of the OPAE, the NPPB raised a question that had been raised many times in the history of APS: whether it was time that APS had a paid professional “Washington presence.” Council turned down the request during its 2000 midyear meeting, but kept the question open for further study and then approved and funded the proposal later that year. Eversole and Associates was hired on a part-time basis to fulfill this role. The services of Eversole and Associates have taken the work of the PPB and OPAE to a new level in advising the executive and legislative branches of government on matters of federal funding for research, regulatory issues, and other public policies and in alerting the Society to key bills in Congress and federal proposed rules with implications for the science and practice of plant pathology.

APS Response Following 9-11-01 With the credibility and trust developed over the previous 10-year period as a result of its interactions with the federal government, and with Eversole and Associates as 28

its “Washington presence,” APS was ideally positioned following the September 11, 2001, attacks to advise on strategies for protecting U.S. plant-based agriculture against a possible bioterrorist attack. President Noel Keen appointed an ad hoc Bioterrorism Committee in early 2002, which he asked me to chair. We produced a white paper in February 2002 that the PPB used as a basis for both recommendations to the USDA and a congressional briefing. This first white paper was followed by two more in October 2002 and May 2003, respectively, and all three were placed on APSnet.

Two key recommendations were that the United States needs 1) a distributed system of diagnostic labs as first responders to any bioterrorist threat, and 2) a national laboratory for plants that can provide many of the same services and national leadership currently provided for human diseases by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The first recommendation led within a year to construction of the National Plant Diagnostic Network, administered under the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), with a target of spring 2004 to connect with diagnostic labs in all 50 states (12). As a follow-up on the second recommendation, the PPB and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security cosponsored a workshop in Washington, DC, in July 2003 that brought together representatives of several government agencies to discuss the need for and possible infrastructure for what has become known as a National Center for Plant Biosecurity. The PPB on behalf of APS, and now with support from the Entomological Society of America, Crop Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Society of Nematologists, and Council on Agricultural Science and Technology, continues to advocate for this Center.

Legislation following the September 11 attacks included a requirement for the development of a list of microbial agents, known as the “Select Agent List,” with potential for use in a bioterrorist attack. Separate lists were required for agents affecting humans, animals, and plants. The Select Agent List for Plants—initially a list of 13 plant pathogens—presented by the USDA-APHIS for discussion at the 2002 annual meeting in Milwaukee included Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, P. striiformis, Phytophthora infestans, and Magnaporthae griseus. Through continued review and discussions with the PPB following this meeting, these four pathogens were removed from the list, thereby avoiding for these common pathogens (as unnecessary) the stringent restrictions that were specified by legislation for working with the pathogens on the Select Agent List.

Focus on Genome Sequencing A major focus of the PPB during the past five years, one justified in part as a component of biosecurity, has been obtaining support for genome sequencing of plant-associated microorganisms and development of a process for generating a sequencing priority list.

This effort has been led by PPB members Jan Leach and Scott Gold. With funding provided by USDA, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Energy, Leach and Gold organized and cochaired a workshop in April 2002 in Washington, DC, on “Genomic Analysis of Plant-Associated Microbes.” This was followed with a white paper on the topic issued in 2003. This effort, which spread an awareness among federal funding agencies of the scientific and practical significance of the genomes of plant pathogens and other plant-associated microorganisms, has been so successful that the PPB has had to regularly replace species that have been sequenced with additional species recommended through periodic surveys of the APS membership (20).

Affiliations The most enduring effort of APS in looking outward beyond itself has been its tradition of maintaining relationships through representatives to other scientific societies and consortia. APS has maintained relations through representation to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for its entire 100 years and met jointly with AAAS for each of its first 33 years as a professional scientific society (32).

APS representation in the 1960s with the National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council (NRC) through the Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) provided the Society with some of its earliest opportunities for public service and outreach. The 29

Over the past year we have dramatically improved our relations with sister societies in agricultural sciences.

Through our efforts to hold joint annual meetings and our efforts to publish an online journal/magazine in IPM, we have developed much stronger linkages to professional organizations in entomology, weed science, nematology, and mycology.

– L. Madden, 1997

ARI has since been replaced by the NRC Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources (BANR), whose members are now appointed by the NRC for three-year terms. O. W. Barnett pointed out in his 1992 President’s Report that three of the 15 members of this board were APS members that year. Other long-term relations through representatives include the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS), American Type Culture Collection, Biological Stain Commission, International Society for Arboriculture, and International Society for Plant Pathology.

APS joined and appointed its first representative to the Council of Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) in 1975. CAST is a not-for-profit organization headquartered in Ames, IA, that strives to bring science-based information to “legislators, regulators, policy makers, the media, the private sector and the public” (http://www.cast-science.org).

Starting in 1991, APS joined the Coalition on Funding Agricultural Research Missions (CoFARM), a Washington-based coalition formed in 1990 with some 20 membersocieties representing the plant, animal, food, microbiological, and plant protection sciences (http://www.cofarm.org/). While CAST focuses on communicating the best and latest information in the agricultural sciences, CoFARM targets funding for agricultural research. APS appoints a representative to CAST, usually for a three-year term, whereas representation on CoFARM has usually fallen on one of the Society’s officers. APS has also joined and appoints a representative to the Coalition for Education in the Life Sciences, whose mission is to work with professional societies to strengthen undergraduate education in the life sciences.

During the past 25 years APS has moved away from joint meetings with large umbrella scientific societies, such as AAAS and AIBS, and meets instead with sister scientific societies such as the Canadian Phytopathological Society, the Entomological Society of America, the Mycological Society of America, and the Society of Nematologists. In his 1997 President’s Report, Larry Madden wrote: “Over the past year we have dramatically improved our relations with sister societies in agricultural sciences. Through our efforts to hold joint annual meetings and our efforts to publish an online journal/magazine in IPM, we have developed much stronger linkages to professional organizations in entomology, weed science, nematology, and mycology.”

International Service and Outreach Beginning with the statement of purpose at that December 1908 organizational meeting for an American plant pathology society held in Baltimore—“and that its influence may be made of international importance”—and with the addition of “An International Journal” to the name of Phytopathology in 1924, APS has aspired to extend its leadership, service, and promotion of plant pathology globally. Outreach by the Society to the international community of plant pathologists at the end of World War II through the newly formed International Cooperation Committee chaired by E. C. Stakman was truly laudatory (see below). Similarly, the program designed to celebrate the first 50 years of APS was international in scope, with roughly a third of the 60 symposium talks presented by speakers from outside the United States.

APS also played a mentoring if not leadership role in the formation of other professional societies of plant pathology, including the Canadian Phytopathological Society in 1930, following the formation of the Canadian Division of APS in 1918, the Caribbean Division of APS in 1961, the Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología (James G. Harrar was the first president) in 1967, and the International Society for Plant Pathology (ISPP) in 1968. APS held its first annual meeting outside the borders of the United States in Mexico City in 1972. Interestingly, APS met jointly with the ISPP and hosted the Second International Congress of Plant Pathology in Minneapolis in 1973; met jointly with the Canadian Phytopathological Society in Vancouver in 1974; and met jointly with and played major leadership roles in the Ninth International Congress of Plant Protection in Washington, DC, in 1979—four annual meetings in the 1970s highlighting international cooperation.

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Leadership through the International Cooperation Committee Organized efforts on the part of APS to foster international cooperation go back at least as far as 1943, with the establishment of the Committee on Reorganization of International Cooperation. It was only natural that E. C. Stakman, as chair of the War Emergency Committee of APS, would also be asked to serve as chair of this new committee. The fact that the committee name referenced “reorganization” implies that work toward international cooperation had been ongoing before 1943. The first report of this committee in 1944 proposed three categories for sharing information internationally: disease-resistant varieties; outbreaks of new or unusual diseases; and new and improved methods and materials for plant disease control. The committee suggested that this information where useful be published in Phytopathology to make it “generally and promptly available.”

Starting in 1945 with the end of the war, the committee through Howard Barss, at that time with the USDA Office of Experiment Stations, contacted the Agricultural Attaché at the U.S. Embassy in Paris in an attempt to get information on plant pathologists functioning in the “liberated countries.” In a letter to the committee dated May 29, 1945, Barss relayed the response, “that the situation in the liberated countries at the present time was so confused with so many changes in the personnel set-up in official circles and that those connected with our embassies were so frantically busy with the relief situation that he would suggest waiting…about six months before approaching our representatives with any request for information of this sort.” In fact, a list of contacts was provided with the help of Barss by early 1946; referred to as “a preliminary list only,” it included one name each in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, England, Holland, Kenya, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, and Peru. Presumably with this list of names and more added, the 1946 report of the Committee on International  Cooperation states that “to help our foreign colleagues…the 1946 Summary of Nationwide Tests with Newer Fungicides [was sent] to leading plant pathologists in European countries,” and to the same addresses, in August, through these countries’ embassies in Washington, “a copy of the 1947 Summary (Plant Disease Reporter Supplement 176) with the compliments of the Committee.”

While there is no record of any response from the international community to these documents provided by the committee, nor was a response expected, the sharing of the documents and especially their timing make these gestures as significant and meaningful as anything done for the international community of plant pathologists in the 100-year history of APS. E. C. Stakman remained chair of the International Cooperation Committee for 15 years—through 1958, when Frederick Wellman took over. Stakman used this committee as one of his outreach platforms while he traveled the world. In 1957, for example, he made trips to Pakistan, Lebanon, Germany, and Mexico, where he “made particular effort to help facilitate rapid exchange of literature and communications between organizations and individuals with common interests.” He added in this committee report that “Steps have been taken also to bring about closer collaboration with a number of phytopathologists in Germany, as relations have not yet returned [to normal since the war].”

 J. G. Harrar (left) and E. C. Stakman, two of the most influential members of APS in national and international programs and service.

Possibly the single biggest accomplishment of the International Cooperation Committee during its early years was the establishment of international nurseries for tests of varietal resistance of crops to diseases, with a particular focus on tests in Latin America for resistance of wheat varieties to rusts. This effort, started in 1957, was led by H. A. Rodenheiser and facilitated by J. G. Harrar, by then Director of Agriculture for the Rockefeller Foundation in Mexico. Norman Borlaug (7), in his response to his 2007 APS Award of Distinction, commented that following the 15B stem rust epidemic in North America in the early 1950s, “Rodenheiser, USDA’s chief plant pathologist, set up 31

an international wheat rust nursery, first in 17 countries in the Americas, from Canada to Argentina and Chile; later, it became a world testing organization.” Rodenheiser and Harrar were both members of the International Cooperation Committee during these years, Harrar since its founding in 1943.

Formation of the Caribbean Division Starting in the 1960s, the International Cooperation Committee began to focus more on cooperation with plant pathologists in the tropics of Central and South America.

Meanwhile, plant pathologists in Central America had been interested for some time in forming an organization to serve as a working group for plant pathology in the tropics and to link them to their U.S. counterparts. According to records maintained by José Amador, B. H. Waite wrote a letter to D. H. Raddler of the United Fruit Company on July 14, 1959, reporting the interest expressed at a recent meeting to establish a “Section” of APS similar to the APS Divisions. Frederick L. Wellman, then chair of the International Cooperation Committee, received a copy of this letter and discussed the proposal with members of APS. The following year, Council approved the formation of what was tentatively called a “tropical division” of APS at the annual meeting held in Green Lake, WI. The name Caribbean Division was formally adopted at the first meeting of this division, held jointly with the American Horticultural Society in Miami in 1961.

Wellman was elected as the first president.

International Distribution of APS Publications Continuing efforts going back to the 1940s, the International Cooperation Committee worked to facilitate improved communications among plant pathologists, arranging a list of pathology societies worldwide (to be included in the 1963 APS directory being planned), assembling resources such as slide sets and published material on tropical plant diseases, preparing a list of Spanish-English common names of plant diseases and a Spanish-English glossary of terms in plant pathology, and identifying “underfunded, small international experiment stations which are not receiving Phytopathology.”

One recommendation was that Phytopathology be printed in languages in addition to English. The Committee on Publications recommended against this proposal, stating in their report at the Amherst meeting that “while we want to see APS and its program become increasingly international in scope, it was our judgment that there are too many inherent difficulties in this approach to make it very effective.…we would have few takers and a potpourri from those responding.”

Efforts to bring APS journals and books to departments and research stations in countries lacking foreign exchange or otherwise unable to afford these resources have been continued under the auspices of the Office of International Programs (OIP). OIP was formalized in 1986 to promote worldwide interaction among plant pathologists and other scientists. In 2004, APS joined the TEEAL Initiative (The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library) created to help agricultural scientists in developing countries have access to journals in the agricultural sciences on CD-ROMs. Beginning with the September 2004 release, Phytopathology, Plant Disease, and MPMI became three of the more than 140 journals available on CD-ROMs through the TEEAL catalog of text and images.

International Special Projects Committee The International Special Projects Committee appointed by Kelman in 1967 reported the following year that they had invited “other professional societies in the pest control field…to cooperate with APS to ascertain the possibility of making a joint presentation …to responsible government officials” regarding the danger of crop losses due to plant pests or climatic conditions “if people in underdeveloped nations are to be fed.”

Curiously, there is little or no information on the outcome of this proposal or how or whether this committee worked with the International Cooperation Committee.

Moreover, neither committee played a role on behalf of APS in either the First International Congress of Plant Pathology (ICPP), held in 1968 in London (5), or the 32

formation during that congress of the International Society of Plant Pathology (ISPP).

Roy Young submitted proposals on behalf of APS to major funding agencies for funds to “assist members in travel to the First International Congress of Plant Pathology,” and Harold Flor in his 1968 Report of the President announced that the organizers of the congress had asked APS to name five nominees to the Council of the newly formed ISPP. Kelman was named one of two vice presidents of the new ISPP at the congress and went on to become president of ISPP during the second ICCP, hosted by APS and held in 1973 on the campus of the University of Minnesota.

Participation in the Debate on World Population and the Food Supply Probably the most significant role of the International Cooperation Committee in formulation of APS policy was its sponsorship of the discussions initiated by William Paddock in the all-society symposium, “The World Food-Population Confrontation— Implications for Phytopathologists,” at the 1975 APS joint meeting with the Society of Nematologists in Houston. What became known as the Paddock proposal (33), challenged by John Niederhauser (41), was that plant pathologists not share or otherwise provide information, expertise, or technology on plant disease control with countries lacking a policy for control of their population growth. Ten years later, in what apparently was its last contribution before being replaced by the Office of International Programs, the International Cooperation Committee helped Council develop the Society’s food and population resolution approved by the membership at the 1985 annual meeting in Reno (28). This resolution reads: Recognizing that the continuing increase in the world’s population and the concomitant need to increase food production and availability are major problems confronting mankind, the APS reaffirms its commitment to encourage plant health research and education, particularly in developing countries. The APS urges its members to make available their knowledge and expertise in plant disease control to countries affected by food shortages.

Further, the APS pledges to provide technical guidance and rapid transfer of information to the international community and supports all efforts to increase food supplies in developing countries. However, the APS further recognizes that the earth has a finite carrying capacity for the human species, and that improvements in agricultural technology cannot be expected to cope indefinitely with the needs of constantly increasing populations.

The theme of the APS annual meeting in Orlando the following year was “International Cooperation,” and the title of the plenary session introduced by President Luis Sequeira was “Food and Population: A World Challenge to Plant Pathology.” Following this plenary session, Charles Delp, Intersociety Consortium for Plant Protection (ISCPP) Congressional Science Fellow, introduced a panel and led an open forum for further discussions on international issues. Also at this meeting, the APS Council created the Office of International Programs (OIP), with its own advisory board, to replace the International Cooperation Committee. Delp was the first director. OIP would go on to create its own infrastructure of subcommittees and help bring international programs and opportunities for plant pathology and plant pathologists to an entirely new level that continues to this day. Among its many activities and actions: OIP hosts a booth each year at the annual meeting as a meeting site for APS members interested in international activities; sponsors a Library Assistance Program developed by the International Cooperation Committee in the 1970s that provides books, journals, CDs, slides, and other resources to libraries in developing countries; and regularly sponsors symposia and discussion sessions on international interests. OIP also developed a modified Population and World Hunger statement approved by Council in 1993.

Growth in the “Internationalization” of APS More than any specific international committee, office, program, or policy statement, as important as these are, there is no better evidence of the maturation of APS in international leadership and cooperation than the growth in Society membership and 33

in the percentage of papers submitted to APS journals from outside the United States.

For example, in the year of the Orlando meeting with its theme of “International Cooperation,” Phytopathology Editor-in-Chief Greg Shaner reported that 15% of papers published in the journal were from international contributors representing 15 countries. For the year ending June 1991, Phytopathology Editor-in-Chief Laurence Madden reported that 22% of the research articles were from international contributors, representing 17 countries. And during the 12-month period ending June 1999, 51% of the papers published in Phytopathology were from international authors, outnumbering those submitted by U.S. authors. The trend has been similar for Plant Disease. The percentage of members living outside the United States also grew rapidly during the 1990s, reaching a relatively stable 31% starting in 1997, and recently climbing to 34% in 2006 and 2007. Four percent of members are Canadian.

Equally indicative of the international nature of APS is the number of members from outside the United States honored each year with an APS award. Commonly, onefourth to one-third of the Fellow awards go to international members, and the Ruth Allen award has been given to an international member at about this same frequency.

At the 2007 meeting in San Diego, both the Ruth Allen and the Noel Keen awards went to international members. The Society added the International Service Award in 1998 as part of the annual Awards and Honors, to recognize “outstanding contributions to plant pathology by an APS member for a country other than his or her own.” The APS Foundation also developed an international dimension with the establishment

by John and Anne Niederhauser of the JANE fund in 1990 as a source of grants to support research internationally on diseases caused by Phytophthora species, and gifts to the Foundation have established two funds for international students and early career scientists to attend an annual meeting of APS (discussed further below).

Support of Colleagues in Italy on Research Involving Biotechnology Applications In a decision clearly consistent with “international cooperation” and apparently without precedent, APS in 2001 supported a petition signed by scientists in Italy protesting a unilateral threat by the Italian Minister of Agriculture to withdraw funding for research involving biotechnology. The statement developed by APS, signed by APS President Steve Slack, and sent to the agricultural ministry in Italy reads: The American Phytopathological Society supports responsible application of biotechnology for the improvement of plant health and productivity, because it has given us new insights into plant/pathogen interactions and new approaches to sustainable management of plant diseases. The American Phytopathological Society endorses the petition signed by Italian scientists to protest the unilateral threat by the Italian Minister of Agriculture of withdrawal of funding for research involving biotechnology. This unilateral imposition of ideology without proper public debate is unacceptable. Its effect upon the potential benefits of biotechnology research conducted by Italian scientists will not only lessen the quality of Italian science but could deny food security to people of the whole world. This action of the Italian Minister is not reflective of sound judgment or reasoning and strikes at the very core of the application of democratic principles in a free society. Your efforts to obtain withdrawal of this decree are supported by our Society.

Scientific Exchanges with the Chinese Society for Plant Pathology The Society’s most recent outreach effort in international cooperation was the decision approved by Council in 2006 to send an official delegation of APS leaders to China in May 2007. The delegation met with leaders of the Chinese Society for Plant Pathology (CSPP) in Beijing, where CSPP President You-Liang Peng and APS President Jan Leach cosigned an agreement on short-term collaborations between the two societies.

Such an exchange was actually first suggested by the New [Special] Projects Committee in the mid-1970s following the Shanghai Accord signed in 1972 that opened up scientific and cultural exchanges with the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Already in 1974, for example, Arthur Kelman and Norman Borlaug served as members of the U.S. 34

Plant Studies Delegation to the PRC, sponsored as a scientific exchange between the U.S National Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academica Sinica. In 1976, Alan Roelfs and I served on the U.S. Wheat Studies Delegation to the PRC, another scientific exchange between the two academies. The 1974 report of the New Projects Committee summed up its discussion with the questions: “China visits by scientists? Who should go?”

In August 1979, Peter H. Tsao, a member of the  International Cooperation Committee, developed “A Tentative Proposal on Agreement and Scientific Exchange and Cooperation between Chinese Society of Plant Protection (CSPP) and The American Phytopathological Society (APS).” The agreement was written “for consideration” of Shen Chi-yi and Chiu Wei-fan, vice presidents of CSPP, but was either never sent or was never ratified. However, in April 1983, immediate past president J. A. Browning extended an official invitation from APS to members of a delegation representing the Chinese Society of Plant Protection and the Chinese Society of Plant Pathology (in the United States at that time) and offering to provide registration and accommodation for two of their representatives to attend the 75th annual meeting scheduled for June 1983 in Ames. Shen Chi-yi, president of the Chinese Society of Plant Protection, responded in a letter dated April 22, 1983, commenting, “I am very impressed that you are interested in developing a closer On May 31, 2007, CSPP relationship with both the Chinese Society of Plant Protection and the Chinese Society President You-Liang Peng of Plant Pathology.” He then offered the names of three plant pathologists from China and APS President Jan already in the United States who could represent their two societies at the meeting, Leach signed an agreement noting that he and his colleagues in the delegation would be back in China by then on short-term objectives for “heavily engaged in our work at home.” Thus, the 2007 visit of APS leaders to China has CSPP–APS collaboration. now finally solidified, after more than 30 years in the making, the means to engage in Behind them (standing left to right): CSPP Secretaryformal exchanges and international cooperation between the two largest societies of plant General Chenggui Han, pathology.

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Industry Relations and Private Practice Industry Committee Spurred by growth in the discovery, manufacture, and marketing of fungicides during the 1930s and early 1940s, starting with seed treatment products, industry began for the first time to employ plant pathologists and to take serious interest in the science and especially the practice of plant pathology. Paralleling, and on a similar timeline to the Society’s outreach effort to formalize International Cooperation as part of the APS committee structure, Industrial Relations was one of nine special committees of the Society in the early 1950s. Interestingly, whereas membership on the International Cooperation Committee was (and remains) balanced between U.S. and international members of the Society, the Industrial Relations Committee (later known as the Industry Committee) was and remains made up primarily of members from industry and has largely set its own agenda.

CSPP Vice President Zejian Guo, APS Executive Vice President Steve Nelson, APS President-Elect Ray Martyn, and CSPP Vice President Huaifang Li.

On the other hand, the committee adopted the view that it existed for service to the Society and not to industry, a view that it held for nearly 20 years. In 1962, for example, the committee’s report stated simply, “No meetings were held and no business was transacted during the year. The Society made no requests of the Committee; it was inactive.” Likewise in 1963: “The Committee held no meetings and conducted no business during the year. An open meeting of industry representatives [is planned for] the meeting in Amherst in August 1964. It is hoped that suggestions will be forth-coming at that time as to what role, if any, Industry should have in the affairs of APS.” 35

If there was a request of industry, it was usually for financial support for Phytopathology through paid advertising or to help finance social functions at the annual meetings. In an early example, a resolution following the very successful 1954 (46th) annual meeting held at the YMCA Conference Camp in Estes Park, CO, includes “that we express our sincere appreciation to…Shell Chemical Corporation, Rhom and Haas Chemical Company, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, United Fruit Company, and Naugatuck Chemical Corporation for their financial contributions toward the success of the annual banquet and entertainment.” Three years later, E. F. Feichtmeir, chair of what was still named the Industrial Relations Committee, reported that the committee was attempting to get members from industry to present scientific papers, either at the Palo Alto or Bloomington meetings. He then commented on a request for industry support of the Golden Jubilee meeting, noting that “industry is called upon so often by various organizations for contributions that, unless our story can be made very convincing, we are doubtful of success.”

…industry is now participating fully in making the annual meeting a success.

– H. Vincent Morton, 1985

After nearly two decades of relative inactivity, the Industry Committee decided in 1965 to take over sponsorship of the former Fungicide Colloquium, last sponsored by the Chemical Control Committee in 1960, and redesign it to permit reports from manufacturers of pesticides and application equipment. These discussion sessions have continued at annual meetings ever since, with such titles as “New Products and Services” and “The Cutting Edge of Seed Treatments.” In 1969, the Industry Committee sponsored a general session at the annual meeting in Spokane on “Plant Pathologists Serve Society,” moderated by Gordon Brandes, and in 1981, it sponsored a discussion session on “The Plant Pathologist in Industry: Roles and Opportunities,” to help inform APS members of opportunities in the private sector. The well-attended ExtensionIndustry socials at the annual meeting began in the 1970s and have continued to the present. In 1983, a page entitled “Industry News” was added on an as-requested basis to Plant Disease. In 1985, Vince Morton, chair of the committee, reported that “several industry members also contributed papers. Thus, industry is now participating fully in making the annual meeting a success.”

While not without missed opportunities, relations with industry and involvement of private-sector plant pathologists and their companies or businesses in the affairs of APS have made major advances during the past 25 years, as have, in turn, service to and support of these members by the Society. Virtually every annual meeting of the past 25 years has had at least one discussion session, colloquium, or workshop organized by and for members employed in industry or in private practice.

The representatives of industry, recognizing that state and federal institutions could not legally use public funds to support activities such as socials at the annual meetings, have readily stepped in with support to the extent allowed by their respective budgets.

Likewise, APS through the years has recognized and respected the limitations on plant pathologists working in industry with regard to taking on major leadership roles within the Society, in contrast to the public sector, where service to professional scientific societies has been considered part of professional growth and development and even a contributing factor to promotion decisions. This mutual understanding notwithstanding, many strong and dedicated leaders within the Society have come from industry. Four representatives of industry were invited participants in the 1958 Golden Jubilee meeting, all taking part in a symposium entitled Fungicides. Three of the four—R. H. Wellman of Union Carbide, Gordon Brandes of Rohm & Haas, and L. Gordon Utter of Diamond Alkali—represented American companies and had been active and supportive members of APS since the early 1950s. Other active and dedicated servants of the Society from industry include Charles Delp from DuPont; Bill Tweedy, N. Beth Carroll, Allison Tally, and Vince Morton from Syngenta; and Molly Cline from Monsanto, to name but a few of the many over the past 60 years.

Perhaps the biggest change for private-sector pathologists during this period was the growth in products and research in biotechnology. On August 8, 1990, APS released

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one of its most important position statements, “Medicines for Plant Health: Fungicides” (Table 1), on the importance of agricultural fungicides to the U.S. food supply. With public concern for the safety and appropriate use of biotechnology as high or even higher than for pesticides, the Society, through several position statements (Table 1), responses to proposed federal regulation, and the service of members on key federal committees, has provided exemplary scientific leadership for moving forward with both the research and the commercial use of this technology for food and agriculture. As is characteristic of the Society’s efforts in public education and outreach more generally, its messages relating to biotechnology have been consistently apolitical and science-based.

The inclusion of commercial exhibits at the annual meeting of APS has offered further exposure of and support for a wide range of private companies and is now one of the main attractions at the meetings. In turn, industry has continued to sponsor and help underwrite costs of the highly popular Extension-Industry socials at each annual meeting, although not without occasional review of the rationale and exploration of alternative ways to support the meetings. With a growing number of plant pathology graduates finding employment in the private sector, the Industry Committee in 1996 started hosting an industry–graduate student breakfast. The Ciba Geigy Award was first given to an APS member in 1975 “in recognition of significant contributions to the advancement of knowledge of plant diseases and their control.” Renamed the Novartis Award and now the Syngenta Award as the name of the company changed, this award is now in its 33rd year (although it has not been made every year). In 1998, APS established the Excellence in Industry Award (the same year as the International Service Award), with Vince Morton deservedly the first recipient.

Much of the progress in industry participation in the affairs of APS can be attributed to a greater commitment of the Society’s leadership to recognizing and meeting the needs of industry—beyond asking for financial support for social gatherings at the annual meetings. An ad hoc Industry Committee appointed in 1998 worked, through conference calls and e-mails, to examine (reexamine) all aspects of industry-APS interactions, recognizing that the culture of both APS and industry “needs to be reinvented.” One recommendation was to have two or three industry representatives on the committee charged with developing the 1999 APS strategic plan. Presumably because of the recommendations of this committee, Council in 1998 appointed an Industry Advisory Board “to help encourage, develop and coordinate activities for APS members from industry.” In 2002, Council established the Office of Industry Relations (OIR) with Chris Becker as the first director. The OIR is the first formal structure of the Society dedicated to fostering and coordinating a working relationship between APS Sustaining Associates and the Industry Committee. The efforts continue: in 2006, President John Andrews, in his column in Phytopathology News, “From the President’s Notebook,” rephrased that famous 1961 line from President John F. Kennedy to pose the questions, “What can industry do for APS?” (1) and, in the next issue, “What can APS do for industry?” (2).

Sustaining Associates The Sustaining Associates membership category dates back to 1945, with dues set at $100 per year. Rohm and Haas (Philadelphia) joined in July 1945, followed by E.I. DuPont de Nemours (Wilmington) in September 1945, Freeport Sulphur Co. (New Orleans) in January 1946, and Tennessee Corporation (Atlanta) in February 1946.

Including these first four companies that became Sustaining Associates at $100 each per year, Sustaining Associates have contributed a total of about $550,000 in support of APS as of this writing in early 2008, not including advertising, support for socials, and gifts to the APS Foundation.

Amid all the start-ups, acquisitions, and consolidations in the private sector, support for APS through the Sustaining Associates program has remained fairly constant at between 50 and 60 members over the past 25 years; with more recent industry consolidations, however, this number has fallen in the past five years to an average of 35 companies. The Sustaining Associates Committee has focused its efforts on improving communications, 37

developing a closer relationship between members of the Society and Sustaining Associates, and facilitating greater involvement of Sustaining Associates in the activities of APS. In 1986, during the presidency of Luis Sequeira, the Society began the tradition of sponsoring the Sustaining Associates Breakfast; that same year, a “Salute to Sustaining Associates” was published in Plant Disease.

Private Practice In 1981, recognizing the growing number of members working in private practice as consultants, Council approved the Private Practice Committee as a new Society General Policies Standing Committee chaired by R. S. Cox. One of the first recommendations of this committee was that “a column entitled ‘Consultant’s Corner’ be initiated in Plant Disease for the purpose of portraying their growing role in crop production.” The committee also began to assemble a list of plant pathologists in private practice. Like the Industry Committee many years earlier, the Private Practice Committee also began to organize sessions for their interest group at the annual meetings. The committee’s 1996 annual report stated that “more than 125 people attended the Private Practice Colloquium…The room was full to overflow the entire time of the meeting, which extended past 5:00 with questions and answers still being discussed when the colloquium was closed.” As for overlap or competition with extension, the report goes on to declare that “it was clear that the private practitioner does not compete with the extension service, since both of these groups are carrying forward similar, but non-conflicting assignments. It appeared to be the opinion of those in attendance that more of this type of information needs to be presented to meet an increasing need on the part of many plant pathologists.” Unfortunately, interest in this committee gradually declined despite Council’s efforts to encourage greater participation, and in 2007 the Private Practice Committee was disbanded due to lack of interest.

Certification of Plant Pathologists Ten years before the formation of the Private Practice Committee, Council in 1972 had appointed a Special Committee on Certification of Plant Pathologists, chaired by Harlan Smith, with the charge to “make a study of the desirability and feasibility of certification of plant pathologists and report to the APS Council on the findings.” A draft report, “A Proposed American Registry of Certified Plant Pathologists,” dated June 18, 1973, was produced largely or entirely by Smith. In addition, a questionnaire entitled “Certification of Plant Pathologists” was developed for publication in the June 1973 issue of Phytopathology News “to both educate and obtain feedback from members interested in certification.” In a rare rebuke of a committee or member of a committee, the Executive Committee pulled the questionnaire and asked President H. L. Barnett to “instruct Harlan Smith to come up with some concrete recommendations.” In fact, Barnett had done exactly this in a letter to Smith dated May 23, 1973, asking him to speed up the process and to “put together a proposal (even though it may be incomplete)…for consideration by Council at the September [1973] meeting.”

A draft proposal dated March 14, 1974, referred to the “American Registry of Professional Plant Pathologists,” was envisioned as a self-supporting, nonprofit activity of APS. Applications for certification were to be voluntary. A brochure on the proposed registry was to have been produced for membership review in advance of the Vancouver meeting in 1974, but this never happened. Consequently James Tammen, as presidentelect, informed Smith on May 17, 1974, that the discussion session and committee meeting he had scheduled for the Vancouver meeting would not be necessary, and thanked him for moving this issue along, as complicated as it was and remained. The committee’s report submitted to Council was then presented to the members at the 1974 general business meeting, where a motion to approve the report was defeated after “an extended discussion from the floor.”

Not until September 26, 1978, could APS Secretary Derald Slack report to President Durward Bateman the results of a vote on the question, “Should APS proceed with the establishment of an American Registry of Professional Plant Pathologists?” The vote was 38

195 in favor, 69 against, for a total of just 264 votes received. With this result in hand, an ad hoc committee chaired by Houston Couch recommended the establishment of a voluntary American Registry of Professional Plant Pathologists to be managed by APS. Couch then presented to Council a proposed charter, bylaws, and code of ethics, dated July 28, 1980—a 23-page document—for the proposed registry. In the meantime, the debate shifted at the 1979 annual meeting to the question of APS’s liability if the registry were managed by the Society. This issue notwithstanding, Council appointed an ad hoc Registry Committee, with Ed Lloyd as chair, charged to “take the [Couch] report and develop a registry handbook, with appropriate forms to implement establishment of the registry.” This committee, under Barry Jacobsen as the new chair, reported to Council in 1982 that only nine persons had attended an organizational meeting of the “American Registry of Professional Plant Pathologists,” none of whom were in private practice.

Council then directed the committee to determine through publicity in either Plant Disease or Phytopathology whether a registry was still desired by the membership and noted that “liability concerns will warrant attention.” This apparently was the final action of this committee.

Nearly another 10 years passed before the subject came up again, this time in a meeting of the Private Practice Committee during the 1989 annual meeting when the committee decided that one of its three functions would be to “develop a certification program.”

In 1991, with the support of a committee of three (J. Amador, C. Windells, and K. Conway) appointed by President George Agrios, Council approved a proposal from the Private Practice Committee chaired by Larry Stowell to form a Registry of Certified Professional Plant Pathologists, to be operated as a subboard of the American Registry of Certified Professionals in Agronomy, Crops and Soils (ARCPACS) (38). As a follow-up, the Private Practice Committee sponsored a discussion session at the 1992 annual meeting entitled “Certification Opportunities for Plant Pathologists.” In spite of the leadership provided by this committee, Stowell as chair of the Board for Certified Professional Plant Pathologists reported in 1997 that only 34 plant pathologists had been certified since the program began. Interest in the program remained low, until the Registry of Certified Professional Plant Pathologists met the same fate as the Private Practice Committee and was discontinued at the request of ARCPACS due to lack of participation.

Infrastructure, Professional Management, and Governance APS governance began in 1909 with a president, vice president, secretary-treasurer, and two councilors. By 1958, the governance had grown to include the president, president-elect, immediate past president, vice president, secretary, treasurer–business manager, editor-in-chief of Phytopathology, two councilors-at-large, and five division councilors—for a total of 14 members serving on Council. In addition, there were 23 committees. At the 2007 annual meeting, APS governance still stood at six officers but had added one more division councilor in 1968 and one councilor-at-large in 1975; and there are now eight editors-in-chief, five of whom serve on Council, and the APS Foundation chair and the executive vice president are ex officio members of Council— for a total of 22. In addition, the Society now has a director or chair for each of the APS Foundation, Office of Electronic Communications, Office of Industry Relations, Office of International Programs, Office of Public Relations and Outreach, Public Policy Board, Publications Board, and Scientific Programs Board, plus eight ad hoc committees, four Special Committees, three Society Internal Relations Committees, nine Society General Policy Committees, and 26 Subject Matter Committees—a total of 50 committees, not counting the three or four subcommittees that operate under the respective Boards.

As APS grew, so did interest in the formation of divisions that could sponsor regional meetings. The Western American Phytopathological Society was formed in 1914 and became the Pacific Division the following year. The Southern Division formed in 1918.

A Canadian Division also formed in 1918 but dissolved in 1930 with formation of the Canadian Phytopathological Society (CPS). The New England Division formed in 39

1941 and became the Northeastern Division in 1946. The Potomac and North Central divisions were formed in 1944 and 1947, respectively, and the Caribbean Division was formally added in 1961.

At the 1954 meeting in Estes Park, Council approved a decision that the presidentelect would thereafter serve as chair of the Program Committee, with the president, vice president, secretary, and editor-in-chief of Phytopathology as other members.

Following the 1960 annual meeting at Green Lake, WI, an ad hoc committee chaired

by Glen Pound recommended the formation of two “super committees”: a Program [super] Committee, forerunner to today’s Scientific Programs Board, still chaired by the president-elect but now made up of the chairs of the subject matter committees and charged with planning the programs for annual meetings several years in advance; and a Publications Committee, made up of the editor-in-chief of Phytopathology and the chairs of the committees responsible for Phytopathological Classics, Phytopathological Monographs and Reviews, Phytopathology News, and New Fungicide and Nematicide Data. Article V, Section 1, of the APS Constitution was changed in 1962 to reflect the election of a vice president who would then progress to president-elect and president, eliminating the practice of annually electing both a vice president and a president-elect.

A provision to establish local organizations referred to as “Chapters” was introduced with a constitutional change in 1976, with the requirement that “a formal application justifying such establishment is made to Council through the appropriate Division Councilor and approved.”

From All-Volunteer to Professional Management of the Business Affairs of APS Helen Hart’s suggestion to President George Fischer in 1957 that APS look into the arrangements for technical editing developed by the cereal chemists would eventually pan out—and become one of the most significant decisions made by APS. The Society first enlisted the professional services of Ray Tarleton in 1964 to provide technical editing of Phytopathology (39). Tarleton was employed at that time by the American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC), with responsibilities for both technical editing and management of the association’s business affairs.

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The business affairs of APS were managed by a member of the Society, starting with Donald Reddick as the first business manager, working out of their office or more commonly out of their home. In 1963, APS Treasurer–Business Manager A. W. Dimmock wrote in his annual report, “The amount of work necessarily handled by the business office has been exceptionally great during the past year and would have been entirely impossible but for the understanding and experienced help of my wife, Edith, and my son, Douglas, and the confidence and support of the Council.” When President Arthur Kelman contacted Tarleton as to his interest in also managing the business affairs of APS, Tarleton referred Kelman to his full-time employer, the AACC. Thus began the discussions between AACC and APS that would lead first to the transfer of the technical editing of Phytopathology and the day-to-day management of the Society’s business affairs to staff of AACC, with APS as a client of AACC, and then to a partnership often referred to informally as “the scientific societies,” with shared facilities and professional staff in Eagan, MN. This is truly one of the most fortuitous developments in the history of APS. The establishment of the AACC-APS partnership led to the appointment of Ray Tarleton as executive vice president of APS and AACC 1967.

 Raymond J. Tarleton, first executive vice president of APS. He served from 1964 through 1991.

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It was a fire on October 22, 1968, that destroyed much of the building where AACC rented space that prompted AACC to approach the APS Council as to the Society’s interest in the construction or purchase of a shared facility that neither group could likely afford alone. With both societies conducting fundraising, three acres were purchased in Eagan in 1969, a building committee chaired by AACC member Daniel G. McPherson was formed in 1970, and construction of a 12,000-ft2 building was started in April 1971.

The new building was dedicated on May 11, 1972, during Joseph Fulton’s term as APS president.

In 1989, and largely because of the continued growth in titles produced through APS PRESS, APS Council and the AACC Board approved construction of a 10,000-ft2 addition to the headquarters building in Eagan; construction began in June and occupancy followed in November. On March 7, 1991, on the occasion of the retirement of Ray Tarleton, the new addition was dedicated and named the Tarleton Wing.

After the fire in 1968, Steve Nelson, a student at the time, was hired to help recover and sort whatever documents and manuscripts were salvageable. Upon graduation, he was hired by Tarleton as a keyliner. After nearly 20 years working with Tarleton as his supervisor and mentor, Nelson was appointed APS-AACC executive vice president in April 1991, a position he holds today.

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At present, the APS-AACC partnership staff manage the business affairs and production of publications not only for APS and AACC, but also for the Controlled Release Society, the American Society of Brewing Chemists, the Master Brewers of the Americas, and the International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions.

Strategic and Long-Range Planning for the Society and the Discipline Arthur Kelman, one of the true visionaries of the Society, appointed the two special committees discussed above that could be considered forerunners of formal strategic planning by the Society. The New [Special] Projects Committee was to be chaired by the vice president, starting with A. W. Dimmock, and the International [Special] Projects Committee was chaired by J. L. Apple. In addition to the mandate to “take a broad view of existing projects and sharpen focus on areas in need of further project strength,” the New Projects Committee was to be “composed of young pathologists who are broadly representative of the many facets of our discipline.” Some of the needs and opportunities identified by this committee during its relatively short tenure that would eventually be acted on (albeit quite independently of the committee’s long-since-forgotten recommendations) include, in addition to a second journal for publication of results of applied research, a presence in the federal capital to act as a source of information to the government on plant diseases; a graduate degree for practicing plant pathologists, similar to the doctoral degree program proposed by Horsfall at the Golden Jubilee meeting for practitioners of plant pathology and forerunner to the Doctor of Plant Health (28); and the development of exchanges between APS and the Chinese Society of Plant Pathology (discussed above). The purpose of the International [Special] Projects Committee was to develop “long-range plans of international projects which would indicate the responsibility and opportunity for service of our Society.” Both committees were disbanded in 1975.

 Dedication on May 11, 1972, of the new permanent facility of the American Phytopathological Society, owned jointly with the American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) and built with space to expand on 3 acres purchased jointly with AACC in Eagan, Minnesota in 1969.

It would be another five years before a more organized and sustained strategic and longrange planning process would begin with the appointment in 1980 by President L. H. Purdy of a Long Range Planning Committee. (James Tammen had appointed a Special Committee on Long Range Planning in 1975, apparently with a focus on long-range financial planning.) The charge to the 1980 committee, chaired first by Paul Williams and later Charles Delp, was “to consider all aspects of APS operations and governance with a long-range view and to report periodically to the Council and to the Society.” An interim report was published in 1981 (18), and the final report, identifying eight key issues with recommended scenarios, strategies, and actions, followed in 1982 (19). An opportunity to discuss this report was provided in a “rap” session at the 1982 annual meeting in Salt Lake City. The committee was disbanded in 1982.

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The strategic planning process, again focused on APS (as opposed to plant pathology), was revived in 1991 with the appointment by Council of a nine-member committee chaired by Steven Pueppke. Similar to the committee charge 10 years earlier, the charge was “to examine the direction(s) our Society is going, and to provide us with…a blueprint for action for the next 5 years or so.” Randy Rowe announced at the 1992 annual meeting in Portland that his presidency in 1993 would focus on the Society’s new strategic plan and that the theme of the 1993 annual meeting would be “Plant Pathology—Beyond 2000.” The plan was completed in 1992 and adopted 

by Council in 1993 as a five-year plan that included an updated mission statement and three major goals: 1) to promote the science of plant pathology by providing improved services and offering expanded opportunities for involvement in APS; 2) to strengthen the image and understanding of the science and practice of plant pathology; and 3) to ensure the financial stability of the Society into the next century. With the approval of this strategic plan, Council also established that the immediate past president would be responsible each year for reporting on the progress toward each goal.

The 1993 APS Strategic Plan has been followed by a succession of five-year plans approved in 1999, 2003, and now anticipated in 2008. Larry Madden summed it up nicely in his 1997 President’s Report: “Like many organizations, we have a Strategic Plan. Unlike most groups, however, we actually use the plan to evaluate our current way of doing things, and to make changes for the future. This does not mean that other changes are not needed. In fact, several small-to-large changes likely will be required in the next few years. But what I really like about our organization is that we are prepared to tackle some tough issues as we move into the next century.”

 Official Seal of APS, first introduced in 1966.

The five-year plan approved by Council in 1999 had five goals: 1) strengthen the science and practice of plant pathology; 2) maintain a strong professional organization; 3) become the premier resource for plant health information and knowledge dissemination; 4) foster professional growth and development; and 5) promote understanding and increase awareness of plant pathology and plant health science among the public and among policy-making, regulatory, and funding bodies. Each of these five goals, in turn, had up to five specific objectives.

Following Council approval of a revised five-year plan in 2003, strategic planning was taken to a new level through a series of Strategic Planning and Leadership Forums.

At the first such forum, held in August 2003 in Charlotte, more than 35 attendees brainstormed ideas on governance, strategic financial planning, and APS’s international role. Follow-up leadership forums have continued yearly with different key focus areas for review and dialogue. With this heightened focus, the role of the APS Council has transitioned from periodic reviews to a continuous review of the strategic plan to ensure there is consensus on the vision and goals and that the measures of success are clearly defined. The strategic plan is the template for all decisions and the current priorities focus efforts. This process resulted in the latest revision of the APS Strategic Plan, developed during 2006-2007 by an ad hoc group consisting of John Andrews, Margery Daughtrey, Joyce Loper and Ray Martyn with five major goals: 1) promote the highestquality scientific standards; 2) maintain a strong, proactive, and united professional organization; 3) be recognized as the leading global resource for plant health information and knowledge dissemination; 4) foster professional growth and development; and 5) promote understanding and increase awareness of plant diseases and the practice of plant pathology. While the goals have grown or changed modestly over the past 25 years, such as the statement on scientific standards added in this latest plan, the wording of the goals reflects a consistent determination of the Society to lead nationally and globally while maintaining its core value of helping members succeed in their careers.

As emphasized above, the succession of strategic plans during the past nearly 30 years has focused on the Society. In 1983, Arthur Kelman reported to Council on the activities

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of the Special Committee on Long-Range Research Goals for plant pathology, pointing out the need for APS to develop a document on long-range goals for the science with the widest possible input from the subject matter committees. The purpose of a document that identified needs, deficiencies, promising areas, and problems facing plant pathology was to position the Society with a list of its priorities to be used by federal funding agencies. The report of this committee, chaired by Doug Maxwell, was published in 1986 (30). Meanwhile, Kelman devoted both his keynote address at the 1984 joint APSCPS annual meeting in Guelph, Ontario, and his prefatory chapter in Annual Review of Phytopathology the following year (24) to setting forth his own list for long-range research goals in plant pathology.

Unlike the strategic planning process for APS, there has been no succession of plans for long-range research goals. Armed with flexibility in timing and earned respect within both the executive and legislative branches of the federal government, the Public Policy Board, with Eversole and Associates and in consultation with specific APS committees as appropriate, has made the need for a lengthy long-range planning process for research goals redundant if not obsolete. In 1999, for example, Council approved a set of research priorities for the Society developed by the then-named National Plant Pathology Board.

Nonetheless, the 1986 report produced by the Special Committee on Long-Range Research Goals under Maxwell’s leadership is a remarkably visionary document well worth reading for its perspectives and the accuracy of its predictions made more than 20 years ago.

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Establishment of Awards and Honors Following the formation of a Special Committee on Awards and Honors in 1962, the first 34 APS Fellows were named in 1965, the first Ruth Allen Award was made to Harold Flor in 1966, and the first Award of Distinction was presented to E. C. Stakman in 1967. The list of awards and honors bestowed by the Society has since expanded to include the Ciba Geigy (now Syngenta) Award starting in 1975, the Lee M. Hutchins Award established in 1980 and first awarded in 1981, the APS Distinguished Service Award first made to Thor Kommedahl in 1984, the Excellence in Teaching and Excellence in Extension awards in 1989, the International Service and Excellence in Industry awards in 1998, the William Boright Hewitt and Maybelle Ellen Ball Hewitt Award in 2002, the Noel Keen Award for Research in Molecular Plant Pathology in 2003, the Friends of APS Award in 2004, and the APS Outstanding Volunteer Award in 2005. APS also made the selection for the Campbell Award in 1974, 1976, and 1978 on behalf of the Campbell Soup Company, with the American Society for Horticultural Science making the selections in alternate years.

Official logo of APS, first introduced in 2001.

An Official Seal, APS Logo, and Branding Slogan A special committee to design an official seal for the Society was appointed in 1965, consisting of T. C. Allen, A. J. Ullstrup, and S. E. A. McCallan (chair). The committee offered three final selections the following year, and the Official Seal was approved in August 1966 by a vote of the membership at the Denver annual meeting. At the New Orleans annual meeting in 2000, Council established a new ad hoc Branding Committee to enhance the current image of APS. The goal of developing a comprehensive branding program was to maximize current and potential membership and product sales by integrating the chosen brand strategy into all aspects of the organization. The committee, chaired by Erik Stromberg, went through a series of steps to gather member feedback and set the framework for initiating a branding campaign. Council unanimously approved the new brand, including logo and tagline “Healthy Plants  Healthy World,” in July 2001. The official unveiling of the logo took place at the 2001 APS Breakfast Program in Salt Lake City.

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APS Code of Professional Conduct I. Preamble The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is a professional organization with a code of professional conduct which encompasses the values important to the profession and expresses the profession’s responsibilities to the public, clients, and colleagues.

Membership in APS assumes an obligation of self-discipline with compliance to these professional standards.

The APS Code of Professional Conduct is intended to guide members in the performance of their professional responsibilities and conduct.

II. Principles 1. Members accept the obligation to serve the public interest, honor the public trust, enhance the welfare of humanity, encourage environmental stewardship, and demonstrate a commitment to professionalism.

2. Members perform all professional responsibilities with the highest sense of integrity, and maintain objectivity and freedom from conflicts of interest in discharging their professional responsibilities.

3. Members strive continually to improve their competence and the quality of services, and discharge all professional responsibilities to the best of their ability.

III. Canon 1. Members have the duty to observe all laws and regulations of the land pertaining to the profession, uphold the dignity and honor of the profession, and expose illegal or unethical conduct in the profession.

2. Members will act in such a manner as to protect the resources of the natural and agricultural environments in which they work and will strive to avoid direct or indirect adverse effects on people or the environment that might result from their presence, activities, or equipment.

3. Members will not allow the use of their names, reports, or other technical materials by any enterprise known to be illegal, fraudulent, of questionable character, or contrary to the welfare of the public or the environment.

4. Members will neither seek employment, grants, or personal gain, nor attempt to injure the reputation or opportunities for employment of other scientists by false or undocumented claims or accusations, or by offers of gifts or favors.

5. Members will strive for accuracy in reporting observations made by themselves and others, and will recognize contributions of others whenever appropriate.

6. Members will work and act in a strict spirit of truth and fairness with employers, clients, contractors, and employees, and in a spirit of personal helpfulness and collegiality toward other members of the profession.

7. Members will endeavor to recognize conflicts of interest and to avoid the abuse of privileged positions or circumstances. Such include, but are not limited to: (i) review and evaluation of manuscripts and grant applications, (ii) establishment of program directions and responsibilities, (iii) evaluation of candidates for employment or promotion, (iv) service in APS or other leadership positions, (v) service in consulting activities, (vi) student guidance, (vii) simultaneous service in profit-making and not-for-profit organizations, and (viii) use of any position or resources to compete unethically or unfairly with colleagues.

8. Members recognize responsibilities to students, technicians, and other associates working under their supervision and will treat them with dignity, respect, and consideration, provide them with training where required, and by direction and example teach them to adhere to the professional standards herein.

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The APS Code of Professional Conduct Anne Vidaver raised the question in 1983 of whether APS needed a written code of ethics. This question was referred to the Public Responsibilities Committee, and a proposed “American Phytopathological Society Code of Professional Conduct” was submitted to Council in February 1992 and approved in 1993.

Formation of the APS Foundation In 1985, Council approved appointment of the Endowment Fund Special Committee chaired by Roy Young. The purpose of this committee was “to build an Endowment Fund, to oversee the investment of this fund, and to recommend appropriate uses of the income from the fund for the benefit of our members and profession.” The following year, Council unanimously adopted and the membership approved the recommendation “that an APS Foundation be established as an independent entity that would receive and manage funds for endowment purposes.” After a mail ballot used to obtain approval of the necessary constitutional amendment, the APS Foundation was official. With this historic action, finalized in 1986, the Endowment Fund Special Committee was disbanded, and its members—David French, Ralph Green, Frank Howard, James Tammen, Bill Tweedy, George Zentmyer, and Roy Young (chair)— became the founding board of directors of the APS Foundation.

This new board of directors—probably as blue-ribbon as any group of APS leaders ever assembled for any purpose—went immediately about the business of forming the new organization. Terms of one to five years were assigned to the board members, committees were established, and plans were developed to begin raising funds. The first officers were James Tammen, chair; Bill Tweedy, vice chair; Dave French, treasurer; and Ray Tarleton, secretary. In this first year, 165 members donated $23,362.

With the transfer by Council of $8,500 from the E. C. Stakman fund to the Foundation, the fund approached $32,000 by the end of 1987. Twenty years later, the 2007 audited report puts the cumulative contributions at $1,246,839. Effective as of 1999, the Foundation merged into APS as a cost-saving measure, while continuing to maintain separate budgets and funding.

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The first awards program outlined by the board for use of the funds included support for students and student programs, both undergraduate and graduate, a “Genesis” program for young scientists to “encourage creative thought and early development of innovations in the science of plant pathology and its application,” enhancement of the Society’s international activities, and programs of special interest to the contributor. These goals remain very much the goals of the APS Foundation today. Remarkably, it was possible already in 1987 to make the first awards of $500 to each of three libraries at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Shanghai Agricultural College, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; and the University of Mayor San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia. The citations read: “In order to enhance international activities of the Society and specifically to strengthen library holdings in plant pathology for growing agricultural universities.”

Charles Delp developed the winning proposal on behalf of the Office of International Programs and accepted the awards on behalf of the three recipient institutions. The first Genesis awards of $1,500 each were made in 1988 to Gail Schumann and Forrest Nutter to enhance teaching of plant pathology to undergraduate students.

 Announcement in Phytopathology News of the successful beginning of the APS Foundation with the first Genesis awards, made in 1988 to Forrest Nutter and Gail Schumann to enhance teaching in plant pathology to undergraduates.

The next major action of the Foundation was its 1989 recommendation approved

by Council that APS and the Foundation join in an Endowment/Building Fund Campaign. The dual goals of this campaign were to establish an endowment fund for the Foundation of $500,000 and to raise the APS share for an addition to the headquarters building of $400,000. R. E. Ford and E. L. Kendrick were appointed as cochairs of this campaign. During the first year of the drive (1990), more than $20,000 was raised for the building fund and $100,000 for the endowment, the latter thanks to a $20,000 gift from Ciba Geigy (now Syngenta). These gifts were followed by two more major 45

contributions: $100,000 by John and Ann Niederhauser in 1990 and $10,000 from Monsanto Company in 1991. The Niederhauser contribution established the John and Ann Niederhauser Endowment (JANE) fund, which now supports a student travel award of $500 annually and makes awards annually or biannually in support of research on diseases caused by Phytophthora, typically to an investigator in a developing country. The Foundation’s first Genesis-2 (International) Award was made in 1993.

Perhaps the Foundation’s greatest success story is the program of named student travel awards, initiated in 1995. Twenty named travel funds of $2,500 or more were established almost immediately, and by 1997, seven such funds had reached the $8,000 payout threshold and provided the first awards of $400 each to seven graduate students to attend the 1997 annual meeting. As of January 2008, there were 44 named student travel awards, with the recipients recognized at what has become an annual APS Foundation luncheon at the annual meeting. As further support for graduate students, and consistent with the original goals, the first I. E. Melhus Graduate Student Symposium debuted in 1999, funded by an endowment in memory of I. E. Melhus. Students invited as speakers at these symposia are also provided $500 each toward their travel expenses to the annual meeting. The eighth Melhus Symposium is planned for the 2008 Centennial meeting in Minneapolis.

In 1999, a portion of the JANE fund was designated to provide a cash prize to the recipient of the APS International Service Award. This was followed by gifts of more than $20,000 from Lucy Hastings de Gutierrez to provide a cash prize for the recipient of the APS Excellence in Teaching Award. The first cash prizes to accompany these two awards were given in 2000 at the New Orleans meeting. Through the continued generosity of members and industry, the Frank Howard Undergraduate Research Award was started in May 2000 with the first award given in 2002, an International Travel Award was made starting in 2001, the French-Monar Latin American Travel Award was also established in 2001 with the first award made in 2003, the Mathre Education Endowment and the Noel T. Keen Fund were both established in 2002, the first Pioneer Fellowship was awarded in 2005, and most recently the Milt and Nancy Schroth Endowment and the Raymond J. Tarleton Endowment were funded in 2007.

The APS Foundation has a familiar presence at annual meetings, where it hosts a booth staffed by members of the board and volunteers, including student volunteers. This tradition began at the 1993 annual meeting in Nashville. Its latest campaign, launched in 2005, is the “100 for the 100th” campaign, with the goal of raising $100,000 by the time of the Centennial meeting.

The Annual Meeting: Venues, Arrangements, Programs, and Planning No doubt to assuage the botanists who voted against formation of APS at the 1908 organizational meeting, it was agreed at the first (1909) meeting that the annual meetings of the fledgling Society would be held jointly with either the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) or the Botanical Society of America.

In fact, APS met in December with AAAS for its first 33 years (32). This began to change during World War II, when APS started to meet jointly with the Potato Association of America or the Entomological Society of America. APS began in 1952 to meet jointly with the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS), which formed in 1949. APS continues to appoint one member each to represent the Society at AAAS and AIBS, but has no continuing formal affiliation with the Botanical Society of America.

The Golden Jubilee Meeting APS was one of 27 professional scientific societies that met as part of the 1958 annual meeting of the American Institute of Biological Sciences on the campus of Indiana University. Other societies whose members no doubt took in the sessions and exhibits organized by APS included the American Society for Horticultural Science, the American Society of Plant Physiologists, the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, the Botanical Society of America, the Ecological Society of America, the Mycological Society of America, and the Potato Association of America.

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The APS program was clearly the mega-program of that mega-event. In addition to the usual paper-reading sessions, tours, and social functions, this meeting included some 20 exhibits with posters, most of them on accomplishments in plant pathology research and disease control over the preceding 50 years, and nine symposia with some 60 speakers covering the breadth of the science and practice of plant pathology to that time. Among the contributors and legendary subjects were H. H. Flor on his gene-for-gene hypothesis to explain the genetics of host-parasite interactions, Armin Braun on the role of toxins and metabolites in disease with a focus on the mysteries of crown gall, and W. M. Stanley and F. C. Bawden on the structure and multiplication of viruses. In contrast to this extensive coverage of the state of the science, only five talks were devoted to historical and developmental aspects of plant pathology and of APS, but these were given commanding positions in the program and were delivered by none others than J. A. Stevenson with the USDA in Beltsville, MD, J. C. Walker from the University of Wisconsin, George McNew with Boyce Thompson Institute, J. G. Harrar with the Rockefeller Foundation, and J. G. Horsfall of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station.

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The 20 poster exhibits take on added significance when we consider where plant pathology started in the United States 50 years earlier and how far it had come in just 50 years. While new and emerging plant diseases remain of prime concern in the United States and worldwide, consider the near-simultaneous emergence, recognition, or sudden increase in importance of white pine blister rust, wheat stem rust, chestnut blight, and late blight of potato among the dozens of plant diseases first recognized around the time of the formation of APS. The exhibits at the Golden Jubilee meeting reflected a sense of pride in all that had been accomplished in addition to their educational focus, but also made equal reference to the continuing problems as well as the progress that had been made. The plant diseases represented in these exhibits were stem rust, apple scab, common bunt, wilt fusaria, Dutch elm disease, tomato leaf mold, black shank of tobacco, tree fruit virus diseases, virus and viruslike diseases of citrus, and plantpathogenic nematodes. California Spray-Chemical Corp., representing Ortho, had an exhibit on screening for soil fungicides; both the U.S. and Canadian departments of agriculture had exhibits of the plant pathology work in their respective agencies; and the United Fruit Company put on an exhibit of the “big three” diseases of banana—Moko, Panama Disease, and sigatoka. Three exhibits presumably sponsored by APS were “Teaching of Plant Pathology,” “Behind the Scenes in Phytopathology—Time required to edit and publish manuscripts in a typical issue of Phytopathology” and photos of the first 50 presidents along with charter members, displayed under the banner “A Few of the Many Who Have Helped Plant Pathology Grow.”

Entrance to the exhibit hall at the Golden Jubilee meeting of APS, with the first of some 20 exhibits, “Man vs.

Stem Rust of Cereals.”

The Diamond Jubilee Meeting Anticipation of the 75th anniversary Diamond Jubilee meeting of APS began building in 1979 with invitations to both the Society of Nematologists and the Mycological Society of America to meet with APS on the campus of Iowa State University in Ames in June 1983. Planning for the meeting began in earnest in 1980 with the appointment of the Diamond Jubilee Program Organizing Committee by President L. H. Purdy, with S. H. Smith as chair. Over the next nearly three years, this committee, with representation from all three societies, planned and produced a 48-chapter treatise with 66 authors that was published in advance of the 1983 meeting with the title Challenging Problems in Plant Health (26). Two of the authors of this volume, J. G. Horsfall and K. F. Baker, were also authors of chapters in the 1959 Golden Jubilee volume.

The intent of the Diamond Jubilee Program Organizing Committee was that, in conjunction with the published volume, a series of symposia patterned after and coupled with the topics covered in the volume would be organized for presentation at the meeting. Meanwhile, the usual APS Program Committee, chaired by me as presidentelect and made up of the chairs of the usual 10-15 Society committees, met during the 47

1982 meeting in Salt Lake City to begin planning the program for the 1983 annual meeting. Our committee decided that all contributed papers would be moved to poster sessions. We then followed the normal protocols of reviewing past proposals for formal and informal sessions and accepted proposals for sessions from the standing, general policies and subject matter committees. As usual, many proposals were supported by more than one committee.

By a strange omission, there was no mechanism or apparent plan for communication and coordination between the two “program organizing committees” at the time of the Salt Lake City meeting. It was never clear how or whether the Diamond Jubilee Program Organizing Committee was to replace or somehow work with the 1983 Program Committee. Smith and I met later and compared outlines, but any similarities between the topics covered in the Diamond Jubilee volume and at the Diamond Jubilee meeting—and they were considerable—reflected similar thought processes of our two committees rather than preplanned exchanges. In the end, it did not matter. Challenging Problems in Plant Health contained a wealth of up-to-date information and syntheses for that time, and the 1983 annual meeting program planned by the usual committee process was a resounding success.

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 Cover of the book, Challenging Problems in Plant Health, a 48-chapter treatise published in advance of and to commemorate the 1983 Diamond Jubilee meeting of the American Phytopathological Society held on the campus of Iowa State University.

The Diamond Jubilee meeting followed the standard APS annual meeting format. The general (plenary) session on the contemporary topic of sustainable agriculture was followed by 20 symposia, 13 discussion sessions, two workshops, a forum, and more than 500 posters distributed over seven sessions. To the extent possible, the symposia, typically with four speakers, were planned to be integrative by including one speaker for each of mycology, virology, phytobacteriology, and nematology. The focus of the program was entirely on the science and practice of plant pathology, and the 75-year history of APS was commemorated with exhibits of archival material arranged largely by the Archives Committee, and a 75th anniversary banquet with emeritus members as honored guests. There were more than 1,850 registrants. Nineteen professional scientific societies of plant pathology from around the world sent messages or had an officer personally deliver a message of congratulations. President R. E. Ford concluded in his report to the Society that “from their remarks we [APS] are the premiere phytopathological society in the world.”

It was also on this occasion, the 75th anniversary meeting on the campus of Iowa State University in Ames, that the historic documents of the Society, which have proved to be such a valuable resource for the preparation of this 100-year history treatise, became part of the Special Collections held at Iowa State’s Park Library.

And now, the Centennial Meeting, 2008 APS began to plan for its Centennial meeting in 2003—five years in advance—when President Jacqueline Fletcher appointed the ad hoc Centennial Planning Committee chaired by Cleora J. D’Arcy. The committee was reappointed in 2004 and became a Special Committee in 2005.

The charge to the committee was to “make it a year our members will remember.” After its first meeting in August 2003, Erin Rosskopf as chair of the Scientific Programs Board was added to the committee to ensure better coordination with the duties of that board than at the time of the 75th anniversary, when there were two program committees at work independently (as described above), and Allison Tally was added to increase input from and contact with members from industry. The committee, with participation of presidents-elect then presidents Ray Martyn and Jim Moyer and Treasurer Randy Rowe, has worked hard for the past five years to indeed make this celebration memorable.

The Centennial Planning Committee has organized its work through five subcommittees focused on program events, displays, publications, finances, and publicity. In recognition of the close and interdependent relationship between the science and the Society, the

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committee sponsored a history symposium at each of the four annual meetings leading up to 2008, covering phytobacteriology in 2004, virology in 2005, nematology in 2006, and mycology in 2007. The committee also sponsored a tour of Grosse Île at the 2006 annual meeting and distributed a 16-month APS Centennial Calendar at the 2007 annual meeting. An oral history DVD with interviews of prominent APS members; displays of historical artifacts (including antique equipment and key APS publications); a timeline of the dates of “historical events, key discoveries, disease epidemics, or prominent plant pathology ancestors who contributed to APS history”; and a display on plant pathology for public viewing at the Science Museum of Minnesota are also under development for the 2008 meeting. Four special sessions with speakers are planned for the meeting, in addition to the traditional plenary, symposia, discussion, and paper sessions. These are: In Celebration of 100 Years of The American Phytopathological Society; Plant Pathology in 1908/2008; Optimizing Opportunities for Everyone in Plant Pathology; and The Future of Plant Pathology.

The APS Centennial celebration will also make history in its own right. Unlike earlier commemorations, where industry represented the only source of financial sponsorship, support for the APS Centennial meeting has been forthcoming from academic institutions as well; in fact, the number of sponsorships is roughly equal for universities and industry. Five APS Divisions and one state society of plant pathology are also counted among the impressive list of sponsors. (See page 2 for full listing).

Selected Memories of Past APS Meetings Every APS member can probably recall something special or unusual about an annual or divisional meeting they have attended. Here, I share a few details from three past meetings, including one that I did not attend.

Having just graduated from high school and preparing that fall to enter my freshman year at North Dakota Agricultural College (later named North Dakota State University), I was not at the1954 annual meeting of APS. However, like the Golden Jubilee meeting, this meeting was still being talked about during coffee breaks among the faculty when I entered graduate school in the fall of 1958, and it deserves mention as clearly one of the most unique and delightful meetings in the history of APS. This was the 46th annual meeting, held jointly with the Pacific Division of APS and the Potato Association of America (PAA), on August 25-27 at the YMCA Conference Camp in Estes Park, CO. James H. Jensen, provost at Iowa State College, was APS president. Members brought their families and camped. Secretary Glen Pound estimated in his report that 1,100 were in attendance, of whom 525 were members. There were 208 formal research papers presented in addition to two symposia, four informal discussion sessions, and one joint session with the PAA. As Pound describes it, “the annual banquet was held as a Chuck Wagon dinner in a colorful western atmosphere. Over 1000 persons attended.

Entertainment which was particularly colorful and appropriate was presented by plant pathologists of the University of Wyoming.”

The first annual meeting that I remember, because it was the first one I attended, was the 1960 meeting held at a Baptist camp at Green Lake, WI. Local arrangements were provided by the University of Wisconsin, and the venue no doubt was the choice of Glen Pound, then chair of the Department of Plant Pathology at Wisconsin. We slept in bunk beds, two-high, and typically four to a room. We soon found the closest bar a short distance from the camp, but the gate to the main road into and out of the camp was locked each night at 10:00 p.m. This meant climbing over a fence to get back to our rooms. W. C. Snyder, who enjoyed a libation from time to time, was president and managed with his typically “dry” wit to make some comment during a general session that brought down the house, although probably not appreciated by Glen Pound. I didn’t know it at the time, but I would begin my Ph.D. studies at the University of California, Berkeley, in February of the following year, with W. C. Snyder as my major professor. As mentioned above, it was also at this meeting that Council approved the recommendations of an ad hoc committee chaired by Pound to form two super committees—the Program Committee chaired by the vice president with 15 49

member representatives of the APS committees, and the Publications Committee with membership representing the five Society publications at that time and forerunner to today’s Publication Board.

The other meeting that I remember particularly well, also a historically important one, was the 1984 annual meeting held jointly with the Canadian Phytopathological Society on the campus of the University of Guelph. It was my privilege to serve the Society as its president at this meeting. Establishment of a new publication arm of the Society, to be named APS PRESS, was approved by Council at this meeting. This was the last campus meeting of APS. For all intents and purposes, the practice of local arrangements provided by the faculty of a university department of plant pathology in the state or province where the meeting was held also ended with this meeting. Since then, local arrangements have been negotiated and handled by professional staff at APS Headquarters, allowing the members to concentrate on program content and affairs of the Society.

Combine the energy, innovative ideas, and time commitments of members with the hard work and dedication of the highly qualified paid professional staff and we have an explanation for past accomplishments and a recipe for continued success.

– R. James Cook, 2008

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Governance, Volunteerism, and Member Services This entire 100-year history treatise is actually a history of APS governance, volunteerism, and member services. The remarkable accomplishments and effectiveness of the Society over the past 100 years are a direct result of the commitment, vision, and hard work of the members. It has not been unusual, in the annual appointment of new members to committees and boards, to have 100% or nearly 100% of those asked say yes. APS officers in recent years have regularly quoted the number of volunteers serving the Society in some capacity in any one year as more than 500. Combine the energy, innovative ideas, and time commitments of members with the hard work and dedication of the highly qualified paid professional staff and we have an explanation for past accomplishments and a recipe for continued success. Nevertheless, possibly the most oft-repeated comment of retiring APS presidents has been: “The Society is in great health, but this does not mean that it could not be better.”

It seems appropriate to close this treatise with a few more examples from the many developments in governance, volunteerism, and member services of the Society that have not been mentioned to this point but are historically interesting or significant. The APS Manual of Operations, with job descriptions for each of the officers, councilors, and directors and chairs of boards and committees, has gone through several revisions and expansions since the first manual developed in 1975 under President James Tammen.

Larry Madden referred to the description in the Manual of Operations of his duties as APS president in 1997 as “two pages (in small print).” The highly successful but relatively short-lived APS Members Breakfast and Business Meeting debuted in 1994 at the Albuquerque meeting. The 1995 Members Breakfast and Business Meeting came to a close with the presentation to the Society by President Sue Tolin of a new gavel case handcrafted from native Virginia black walnut by Floyd County, VA, artisans Tom and Moss Baldwin. The lid cover is engraved with the APS Seal, and the inside bears a plaque engraved with the words: “Facing the Issues. Presented by Sue Ann Tolin, 1995.”

It also bears the inscription found on the original tattered cardboard gavel box: “The Symbol of Leadership.” The gavel itself is engraved with the words: “Presented by W. C. Snyder to S. E. A. McCallan” (Snyder and McCallan were APS presidents in 1960–61 and 1961–62, respectively). The 1995 meeting also featured the third annual “First Timers’ Orientation,” in which President-Elect W. Fry welcomed new members, overseas registrants, and first-time meeting attendees, offering ideas on how to network and become involved at the meeting. An APS Governance Committee was formed in 2000 “to examine the governance structure of APS and make recommendations for possible changes.” The first Friend of APS awards, established by the Society to recognize service to APS and plant pathology by nonmembers, were given in 2004 to Kenneth Frazier, Director of the University of Wisconsin Library System, and George W. Korch, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. And most appropriately, the first APS Outstanding Volunteer awards, established by Council in 2004, were given in 2005 to Joyce Loper and Donald White.

Acknowledgments I am especially grateful to Paul Peterson, APS Historian, for our many discussions and exchanges by phone and e-mail, for his help in familiarizing me with the APS Archives held at Iowa State University, and for his helpful suggestions with the organization of this review. I also thank José Amador for his help with the history of the formation of the Caribbean Division of APS; Ray Tarleton for helpful conversations and e-mail exchanges; Melissa Gottwald, Park Library, Iowa State University, for her help in arranging selected files of the APS collection for my review; staff at APS Headquarters, particularly Steve Nelson, Michelle Bjerkness, and Greg Grahek, for their help in providing annual reports and many of the details; James MacDonald, Jaqueline Fletcher, and Christopher Mundt for their helpful comments on the manuscripts; and Paul Peterson and Cleora J. D’Arcy for their reviews of the manuscript.

The factual information in this treatise came mainly from past annual reports of the Society and the APS collections held at the Park Library at Iowa State University in Ames (http://www.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/manuscripts/MS175.html). Several large files of correspondence dating from the 1950s and left by George Fischer with the Washington State University Department of Plant Pathology also proved very useful.

Literature Cited 1. Andrews, J. H. 2006. What can industry do for APS? Phytopathology News 40:2.

2. Andrews, J. H. 2006. What can APS do for industry?

Phytopathology News 40:14.

3. Baker, K. F., and Cook, R. J. 1974. Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco.

(Reprinted 1982, American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.) 4. Baker, K. F., and Snyder, W. C. 1965. Ecology of Soil-borne Plant Pathogens: Prelude to Biological Control. University of California Press, Berkeley.

5. Bawden, F., d’Oliveria, B., Sadasivan, T. S. Săvulescu, A., Snyder, W. C., and Uritani, I. 1969. Summary of proceedings of the First International Congress of Plant Pathology. Rev. Appl. Mycol. 48:225.

6. Bolley, H.L. 1901. Flax wilt and flax-sick soil. North Dakota Ag. Exp. Sta. Bull. 50:27-60.

7. Borlaug, N. 2007. Comments from APS Award of Distinction honoree. Phytopathology News 41:124.

8. Bruehl, G. W. 1961. Barley Yellow Dwarf. APS Monograph No. 1. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 9. Bruehl, G. W. 1975. Biology and Control of Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 10. Campbell, C. L., Peterson, P. D., and Griffith, C. S. 1998.

The War Emergency Board. Plant Disease 82:121-125.

11. Campbell, C. L., Peterson, P. D., and Griffith, C. S. 1999.

The Formative Years of Plant Pathology in the United States.

American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 12. Cardwell, K. F. 2004. The National Plant Diagnostic Network is on the road. Phytopathology News 38:2.

13. Carrol, J. E. 1994. Learning Biology with Plant Pathology.

NABT Monograph. National Association of Biology Teachers, Reston, VA.

14. Cook, R. J., and Baker, K. F. 1983. The Nature and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 15. Cook, R. J., and Qualset, C. O., eds. 1996. Appropriate oversight for plants with inherited traits for resistance to pests. A report from 11 professional scientific societies, coordinated by the Institute of Food Technologists, Chicago, IL. 16. Cook, R. J., and Veseth, R. J. 1991. Wheat Health Management. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 17. Cook, R. J., Gabriel, C. J., Kelman, A., Tolin, S., and Vidaver, A. K. 1995. Research on plant disease and pest management is essential to sustainable agriculture.

BioScience 45:254-257.

18. Delp, C. J. 1981. Long-range planning for APS. Phytopathology News 65:856-857.

19. Delp, C. J. 1982. A long-range plan for APS. Phytopathology News 66:535.

20. Gold, S. 2007. Microbe genome sequence list: 2008 revision.

Phytopathology News 41:89.

21. Holton, C. S., Fischer, G. W., Fulton, R. W., Hart, H., and McCallan, S. E. A., eds. Plant Pathology Problems and Progress 1908–1958. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.

22. Hopkins C. G. 1910. Soil Fertility and Permanent Agriculture. Country Life Education Series. Ginn and Co., Boston, New York, Chicago, London, Atlanta, Dallas, Columbus, and San Francisco.

23. Horsfall, J. G. 1983. A look at the past. Pages 3-13 in: T. Kommedahl and P. H. Williams, eds., Challenging Problems in Plant Health. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 24. Kelman, A. 1985. Plant pathology at the crossroads. Annu.

Rev. Phytopathol. 23:1-11.

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25. Kelman, A. 1995. Contributions of plant pathology to the biological sciences and industry. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

33:1-21.

26. Kommedahl, T., and Williams, P. H., eds. 1983. Challenging Problems in Plant Health. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 27. Kommedahl, T., Nelson, S. C., and Wimer, M. 1983.

Promoting plant health through communication. Pages 23-30 in: T. Kommedahl and P. H. Williams, eds., Challenging Problems in Plant Health. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 28. Lockwood, J. L. 1985. Doctor of Plant Health degree and international programs: Council acts. Phytopathology News 69:547.

29. Lyman, G. R. 1918. Minutes of the War Emergency Board of American Plant Pathologists. Science XLVII [ No. 1209]: 210-213.

30. Maxwell, D. P. 1986. Long-range research goals for plant pathology. Phytopathology News 20:105-106, 108-109.

31. McCallan, S. E. A. 1959. The American Phytopathological Society—The first fifty years. Pages 24-31 in: C. S. Holton, G. W. Fischer, R. W. Fulton, H. Hart, and S. E. A. McCallan, eds., Plant Pathology Problems and Progress 1908–1958. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.

32. McCallan, S. E. A. 1961. President’s column.

Phytopathology 51:53.

33. Paddock, W. C. 1983. Healthy plants: A threat to civilization (and a challenge to APS). Pages 31-44 in: T. Kommedahl and P. H. Williams, eds., Challenging Problems in Plant Health.

American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

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34. Parker, C. A., Rovira, A. D., Moore, K. J., Wong, P. T. W., and Kollmorgen, J. F. 1985. Ecology and Management of Soilborne Plant Pathogens. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. 35. Peterson, P. D., and Griffith, C. S. 2000. C. L. Shear: Gifted mycologist, plant pathologist, and APS founder. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 38:19-29.

36. Staskawicz, B. J., Dahlbeck, D., and Keen, N. T. 1984.

Cloned avirulence gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea determines race specific incompatibility of Glycine max (L.) Merr. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 81:6024-6028.

37. Stevenson, J. A. 1959. The beginnings of plant pathology in North America.

Pages 14-23 in: C. S. Holton, G. W. Fischer, R. W. Fulton, H. Hart, and S. E. A. McCallan, eds., Plant Pathology Problems and Progress 1908–1958. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.

38. Stowell, L. J., Amador, J., Barnett, O. W., Cook, R. J., Mathre, D. E., Vidaver, A. K., and Tolin, S. A. 1998.

Certification and The American Phytopathological Society.

Plant Disease 82:836-837.

39. Tarleton, R. J. 2000. History of the American Association of Cereal Chemists: 1915–2000. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN. 40. Wilhelm, S., and Tietz, H. 1978. Julius Kuehn: His concept of plant pathology. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 16:343-358.

41. Zentmyer, G. A., Thurston, H. D., and Niederhauser, J. S. 1983. International cooperation in agricultural research: The basis for feeding more people and feeding people more.

Pages 501-515 in: T. Kommedahl and P. H. Williams, eds., Challenging Problems in Plant Health. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

APS Centennial Oral History Project Darin M. Eastburn Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois, Urbana

he idea of compiling an oral history in video format as part of the APS 2008 Centennial celebration was conceived by two members of the Centennial Planning Committee, Rose Gergerich and Paul Peterson. Because I have some interest and experience in video production, I was asked by Cleo D’Arcy, chair of the committee, to oversee the project.

Rose, Paul, and I had several discussions on what the format and content of the project might be. Using examples of efforts by other societies as models, we finally decided to compile a series of six, 20-minute video segments, wherein a distinguished member of the society would be interviewed by another member on the topic of their mutual area of expertise. The number and length of the segments were determined, in part, by the limitations of the DVD medium on which we planned to distribute the project, and the desire to have the segments short enough to be convenient for teaching purposes. That left us with the task of selecting the six topics to be covered, as well as the interviewers and interviewees for each topic.

Seeking broad consensus on the selection of topics and interview participants, we decided to solicit input from prominent members of APS. We compiled a list of distinguished members, including past presidents of the Society, Society award winners, and members of the National Academy of Sciences. I then asked these individuals to suggest topics to cover, a prominent APS member suitable to be interviewed on that topic, and a colleague to be the interviewer. We received many excellent suggestions for topics and participants, and were left with the task of selecting only six topics from a list of over 20. We ended up focusing on the foundation of plant pathology, the four pathogen groups (bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and viruses), along with the role of Extension plant pathology, and the history of the Society from the perspective of the headquarters staff. We then sifted through the lists of suggestions for potential interviewees and interviewers to develop a short list for each topic. The list of potential topics and participants was presented to and approved by the APS Centennial Planning Committee.

As is historically appropriate, given that the first identified plant pathogen was a fungus (sensu lato), the first interview recorded was on the topic of mycology and its role in the discipline of plant pathology and the history of APS. APS and the Mycological Society of America were scheduled to hold a joint meeting in the summer of 2006, so we decided to take that opportunity to conduct our first interview. Charles Mims and Lori Carris were adventurous enough to step up and set the tone for the remainder of the interviews. At the 2006 meeting in Quebec City, we also recorded the interview of JosĂŠ Amador by Tom Zitter, covering the topic of Extension plant pathology. Recording sessions with Terry Niblack interviewing Ken Barker on the topic of nematology and Jan Leach interviewing Anne Vidaver on the topic of bacteriology were conducted at the joint meeting with the Society of Nematologists in San Diego in 2007. The interviews of Ray Tarleton by Steve Nelson on the history of APS headquarters, and of Milt Zaitlin

by Karen-Beth Scholthof on the topic of virology, were recorded in Tucson, Arizona and Ithaca, New York respectively, in the fall of 2007.

Each interview lasted for over an hour, and selecting the pieces for the 20-minute segments was not easy, as I found all of the material to be very interesting. Because of the importance of preserving the interviews as a whole, longer versions of each interview have been deposited in the APS archives. We also realize that these six topics do not adequately encompass the breadth of the discipline of plant pathology, so we hope that this project will serve as a model for recording oral histories from APS members on a wide range of topics in the future.

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Oral History Features Prominent APS Members

JosĂŠ Amador

Ray Tarleton

Ken Barker

Anne Vidaver

Charles Mims

Milt Zaitlin

While interviewing prominent members of APS on important topics in plant pathology was an amazing opportunity, it was also my contention that the American Phytopathological Society is made up of a wide range of people at various stages in their careers with many interesting stories of their own. Focusing only on the stars of our discipline would present an inadequate depiction of the functions and benefits of our Society. Giving all members a chance to tell their stories about their lives as plant pathologists, their relationships with mentors and colleagues, and the role that APS has played in their careers would be an invaluable addition to the Centennial Oral History Project. So at both the 2006 and 2007 annual meetings in Quebec City and San Diego, we gave all who were brave enough to step in front of a camera a chance to tell their stories. These shorter interviews were edited and have been provided in DVD format as part of the Oral History Project.

I want to thank all of the APS members who were willing to share their time, experiences, thoughts, and feelings for this project. Your generosity has enriched us all.

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Centennial Oral History DVD Table of Contents Perspectives, Reflections and Insights from Prominent Plant Pathologists – Disc 1 • APS Headquarters / Raymond (Ray) J. Tarleton, Oro Valley, AZ and Steven C. Nelson, APS, St Paul, MN • Bacteriology and Plant Pathology / Anne K. Vidaver, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE and Jan E. Leach, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO • Extension Plant Pathology / José Amador, Texas Agric Experiment Station, McAllen, TX and Thomas A. Zitter, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

• Mycology and Plant Pathology / Charles W. Mims, University of Georgia, Athens, GA and Lori M. Carris, Washington State University, Pullman, WA • Nematology and Plant Pathology / Kenneth R. Barker, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC and Terry L. Niblack, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL • Virology and Plant Pathology / Milton Zaitlin, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY and Karen-Beth G. Scholthof, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

Stories and Comments from APS Members – Disc 2 • Zahi Kanaan-Atallah, University of California, Salinas, CA • Mohammad Babadoost, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL • Ziaeddin (Zia) Banihashemi, Shiraz University, Iran • Richard (Rick) M. Bostock, University of California, Davis, CA • Lawrence (Larry) G. Brown, USDA APHIS, Raleigh, NC • Raghavan Charudattan, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL • Stella Melugin Coakley, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR • Jodi E. Creasap, Cornell University, Fredonia, NY • Cleora J. D’Arcy, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL • Vladimir Teodoro Castaneda De Leon, UNAM, Mexico • Robert (Rob) Wayne Duncan, University of California, Davis, CA • Christopher (Chris) T. Gee, Cornell University, Geneva, NY • Silvina L. Giammaria, Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial, Las Talitas, Tucuman Argentina • Robert (Bob) L. Gilbertson, University of California, Davis, CA • Mark L. Gleason, Iowa State University, Ames, IA • Philip F. Harmon, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL • Richard (Dick) William Hoenisch, University of California, Davis, CA • Gerald J. Holmes, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC • Donald (Don) L. Hopkins, University of Florida, Apopka, FL • Robert (Bob) P. Larkin, USDA ARS, Orono, ME • Daniele Liberti, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada • Laurence (Larry) V. Madden, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH • David Makowski, INRA, France • James (Jim) J. Marois, University of Florida, Quincy, FL • Pamela (Pam) G. Marrone, Marrone Organic Innovations, Davis, CA • Raymond (Ray) D. Martyn, Jr., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN • Jenifer H. McBeath, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK

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• Robert (Bob) T. McMillan, Jr., Kerry’s Nursery Inc, Homestead, FL • Loretta M. Ortiz-Ribbing, University of Illinois, Macomb, IL • Andrea M. Pabon, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL • Wayne L. Pedersen, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL • Naidu A. Rayapati, Washington State University, Prosser, WA • Jean B. Ristaino, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC • S. Anwar Rizvi, USDA APHIS PPQ EDP, Bowie, MD • Randall (Randy) C. Rowe, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH • Hunthrike Shekar Shetty, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India • Malcolm C. Shurtleff, Pearland, TX, • Karl C. Steddom, Texas Cooperative Extension, Overton, TX • Erik L. Stromberg, VPI & State University, Blacksburg, VA • Allison H. Tally, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC • Sue A. Tolin, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA • Carla S. Thomas, University of California, Davis, CA • Anne K. Vidaver, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE • Paul Vincelli, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY • Ronald (Ron) R. Walcott, University of Georgia, Athens, GA • Juliet M. Windes, University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID • Gail C. Wisler, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD • Richard J. Zeyen, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Group Interviews • Laura L. Gallegos, University of California, Davis, CA; Suzanne N. Rooney-Latham, California Dept of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, CA; and Tera Pitman, University of California, Davis, CA • Rufina Hernandez-Martinez, CICESE, San Ysidro, CA; Meredith E. Ambroson, Monsanto Co, Kansas City, MO; and Carolee T. Bull, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA • Peter M. Rogers, Nunhems USA, Brooks, OR; Isabel A. Munck, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; and Jian Yao, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

APS Member Tributes: Past to Present

These listings were put together based on a compilation of various APS resources. If you notice any discrepencies please contact APS Headquarters to ensure our archives are accurate.

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APS Charter Members One-hundred thirty plant pathologists joined together to become the Charter Members of The American Phytopathological Society in October 1909. These founding members are listed below, along with their place of work, where available, and address at that time.

Adelina Ames, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY J. C. Arthur, Lafayette, IN S. M. Bain, Knoxville, TN O. M. Ball, College Station, TX W. S. Ballard, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC H. W. Barre, Clemson College, SC J. T. Barrett, Illinois University, Urbana, IL M. F. Barrus, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY T. D. Beckwith, Agric. College, ND Chas E. Bessey, Lincoln, NE Ernst A. Bessey, East Lansing, MI A. F. Blakeslee, Conn. Agric. College, Storrs, CT H. L. Bolley, Agric. College, ND Chas Brooks, Durham, NH Nellie A. Brown, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC A. H. R. Buller, Winnipeg, MB, Canada O. Butler, Madison, WI M. A. Carlton, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Vera K. Charles, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC G. P. Clinton, Agric. Exp. Sta., New Haven, CT J. Franklin Collins, Brown University, Providence, RI Mel T. Cook, Newark, DE J. B. Dandeno, East Lansing, MI J. J. Davis, Racine, WI Anne Dorrance, Dorranceton, PA B. M. Duggar, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY J. W. Eastham, Ant. Agric. College, Guelph, MB, Canada C. W. Edgerton, Baton Rouge, LA H. A. Edson, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC W. G. Farlow, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA H. S. Fawcett, Gainesville, FL Ethel C. Field, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Harry M. Fitzpatrick, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY B. F. Floyd, Fla. Exp. Sta., Gainesville, FL E. M. Freeman, University Farm, St. Paul, MN G. T. French, Agric. Exp. Sta., Geneva, NY H. R. Fulton, State College, PA B. T. Galloway, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Harrison Garman, Lexington, KY N. J. Giddings, Morgantown, WV A. H. Gilbert, State College, Lexington, KY W. W. Gilbert, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Robert F. Griggs, Cambridge, MA Herbert Giioh, Central Exp. Farm, Ottawa, ON, Canada J. C. Grossenbacher, Agric. Exp. Sta., Geneva, NY H. T. Gussow, Central Exp. Farm, Ottawa, ON, Canada J. G. Hall, Clemson College, SC B. D. Halstead, New Brunswick, NJ H. A. Harding, Geneva, NY R. A. Harper, University Wisconsin, Madison, WI W. O. Hart, New Orleans, LA L. L. Harter, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC

Carl Hartley, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Lon A. Hawkins, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC F. D. Heald, University Texas, Austin, TX G. G. Hedgecock, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Florence Hedges, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC R. P. Hibbard, Agric. College, MS Wm. T. Horne, University Calif., Berkeley, CA C. J. Humphrey, Madison, WI H. S. Jackson, Exp. Sta., Corvallis, OR Ivan C. Jagger, Ithaca, NY Clara O. Jamieson, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC C. N. Jensen, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Edw. C. Johnson, Bur. Plant Inc., Washington, DC L. R. Jones, University Wis., Madison, WI F. D. Kern, Lafayette, IN W. H. Lawrence, Puyallup, WA C. E. Lewis, Orono, ME W. Lockhead, Macdonald College, Quebec, Canada B. F. Lutman, University Vermont, Burlington, VT Lucia Mcculloch, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC R. E. B. Mckenney, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Thomas F. Manns, Wooster, OH Frances G. Markham, Dorranceton, PA Haven Metcalf, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Geo. F. Miles, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC W. J. Morse, Oron,. ME W. A. Murrill, N. Y. Bot. Garden, Bronx Park, NY J. B. S. Norton, College Park, MD P. J. O’gara, Medford, OR E. W. Olive, Brookings, SD W. A. Orton, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC L. H. Pammel, Ames, IA Flora W. Patterson, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Chas H. Peck, State Museum, Albany, NY J. B. Pollock, University Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Venus W. Pool, University Nebraska, Lincoln, NE F. V. Rand, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC J. M. Reade, University Georgia, Athens, GA D. Reddick, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Geo. M. Reed, University Mo., Columbia, MO H. S. Reed, Blacksburg, VA E. C. Rittue, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC J. W. Roberts, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC F. M. Rolfs, Mountain Grove, MO P. H. Rolfs, Gainesville, FL James Birch Rorer, Port-Of-Spain, Trinidad W. M. Scott, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Fred J. Seaver, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, NY A. D. Selby, Wooster, OH H. B. Shaw, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC C. L. Shear, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC J. L. Sheldon, Morgantown, WV 59

Erwin F. Smith, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Ralph E. Smith, Whittier, CA Clifford E. Snyder, Pittstown, NJ Perley Spaulding, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Alden Speare, Office State Forester, Boston, MA F. L. Stevens, West Raleigh, NC F. C. Stewart, Geneva, NY V. B. Stewart, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY R. E. Stone, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Dean B. Swingle, Bozeman, MT J. J. Taubenhaus, Del. Agric. Exp. Sta., Newark, DE Roland Thaxter, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA M. B. Thomas, Crawfordsville, IN

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C. O. Townsend, Garden City, KS J. M. Van Hook, University Ind., Bloomington, IN Hermann Von Schrenck, St. Louis, MO M. B. Waite, Bur. Plant Ind., Washington, DC Geo N. Walcott, Ithaca, NY Leva Belle Walker, University Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Errett Wallace, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY H. H. Whetzel, Ithaca, NY E. Meade Wilcox, Lincoln, NE Guy West Wilson, West Raleigh, NC F. A. Wolf, University Texas, Austin, TX Anna K. Wood, Bur. Plant. Ind., Washington, DC A. F. Woods, University Farm, St. Paul, MN

APS Leadership APS has an impressive history of active engagement by its membership through the Society’s Council, Offices, Boards and Committees.

Members offer a wealth of expertise which has truly made a difference in ensuring the success of the Society. Honored here are those that have served APS in a leadership position during the last 100 years.

Presidents 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958

L. R. Jones F. L. Stevens A. D. Selby G. P. Clinton F. C. Stewart H. Metcalf H. H. Whetzel E. F. Smith M. T. Cook E. M. Freeman C. L. Shear W. A. Orton D. Reddick E. C. Stakman G. R. Lyman F. D. Fromme C. W. Edgerton I. E. Melhus M. F. Barrus H. P. Barss R. J. Haskell H. S. Fawcett M. W. Gardner F. D. Heald J. C. Arthur N. E. Stevens H. T. Güssow G. H. Coons G. W. Keitt H. W. Anderson C. R. Orton C. Chupp J. G. Leach L. M. Hutchins J. C. Walker J. J. Christensen H. B. Humphrey J. H. Craigie A. J. Riker R. S. Kirby W. D. Valleau C. M. Tucker J. G. Horsfall G. L. McNew J. G. Dickson G. F. Weber J. H. Jensen H. Hart G. W. Fischer P. R. Miller

1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

G. S. Pound W. C. Snyder S. E. A. McCallan W. B. Hewitt C. S. Holton A. E. Dimond W. J. Zaumeyer G. A. Zentmyer A. Kelman H. H. Flor A. W. Dimock D. E. Ellis T. Kommedahl J. P. Fulton H. L. Barnett R. J. Green, Jr. J. F. Tammen R. Aycock G. W. Bruehl D. F. Bateman J. F. Schafer L. H. Purdy W. N. Garrett J. A. Browning R. E. Ford R. J. Cook J. L. Lockwood L. Sequeira A. K. Vidaver A. R. Weinhold D. E. Mathre P. H. Williams G. N. Agrios O. W. Barnett, Jr. R. C. Rowe C. J. D’Arcy S. A. Tolin W. E. Fry L. V. Madden C. L. Campbell C. E. Windels N. K. Van Alfen S. A. Slack N. T. Keen J. Fletcher G. C. Bergstrom J. D. MacDonald J. H. Andrews J. E. Leach R. D. Martyn, Jr.

Secretary/Treasurers

Councilors-at-Large

1909-18 1919-22 1923-28 1929-34

1909 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951

C. L. Shear G. R. Lylan R. J. Haskell F. C. Meier

Secretaries 1935-37 1938-41 1942-44 1945-47 1948-50 1951-52 1953-56 1957-58 1959-63 1964-66 1967-69 1970-71 1972-74 1975-77 1978-80 1980-83 1983-86 1986-89 1989-92 1992-95 1995-98 1998-01 2001-04 2004-10

H. P. Barss R. S. Kirby C. C. Allison E. M. Johnson C. May S. E. A. McCallan G. S. Pound W. B. Hewitt G. A. Zentmyer J. R. Shay J. P. Fulton R. J. Green, Jr. R. E. Ford W. Garrett D. A. Slack A. K.Vidaver C. J. Delp O. W. Barnett, Jr. M. N. Cline J. Fletcher R. C. Gergerich D. J. Jardine C. A. Ishimaru D. T. Beadle

Treasurers 1935-43 1944-46 1947-49 1950-51 1952-58 1959-64 1965-67 1968-70 1971-76 1977-82 1983-88 1989-91 1992-97 1997-03 2003-06 2006-09

H. A. Edson R. M. Caldwell M. C. Richards A. E. Dimond S. Rich A. W. Dimock D. H. Marsden M. F. Kernkamp L. H. Purdy E. L. Kendrick H. R. Cameron D. W. French S.P. Pennypacker J. L. Sherwood E. L. Stromberg R. C. Rowe

B. M. Dugger J. B. S. Norton A. D. Selby H. H. Whetzel G. P. Clinton Erwin F. Smith W. A. Orton W. J. Morse H. R. Fulton M. T. Cook E. C. Stakman F. D. Kern H. S. Jackson L. R. Jones D. Reddick G. H. Coons N. J. Giddings H. B. Humphrey I. E. Melhus M. F. Barrus C. R. Orton W. Crocker J. B. S. Norton C. L. Shear F. D. Fromme M. W. Gardner W. D. Valleau H. P. Barss G. W. Keitt L. O. Kunkel Carl Hartley F. D. Heald J. C. Walker N. E. Stevens C. Chupp J. J. Christensen E. B. Lambert H. W. Anderson J. B. Kendrick, Sr. J. G. Horsfall H. A. Rodenhiser J. G. Leach R. S. Kirby R. W. Goss C. M.Tucker J. H. Jensen S. J. P. Chilton W. H. Tisdale G. L. McNew S. J. P. Chilton 61

1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1972-75 1973-76 1974-77 1975-78 1976-79 1977-80 1978-81 1979-82 1980-83 1981-84 1982-85 1983-86 1984-87 1985-88 1986-89 1987-90 1988-91 1989-92 1990-93 1991-94 1992-95 1993-96 1994-97 1995-98 1996-99 1997-00 1998-01 1999-02 2000-03 2001-04 2002-05 2003-06 2004-07 2005-08 2006-09 2007-10 62

G. C. Kent G. A. Zentmyer G. W. Fischer P. R. Miller W. C. Snyder S. E. A. McCallan R. A. Young R. Sprague J. R. Shay C. S. Holton A. Kelman A. L. Taylor A. Kelman J. H. Owen S. Rich R. M. Caldwell J. E. Mitchell G. A. Gries J. B. Kendrick, Jr. G. H. Hepting M. C. Shurtleff J. F. Tammen G. W. Bruehl D. F. Bateman J. F. Schafer D. W. Rosberg F. A. Wood J. Artie Browning R. James Cook J. L. Lockwood R. L. Millar D. A. Slack D. E. Mathre A. R. Weinhold B. Jacobsen D. C. Ramsdell D. P. Maxwell W. E. Fry R. C. Rowe C. J. D’Arcy S. A. Tolin C. E. Windels M. L. Powelson M. N. Cline K. E. Conway N. K. Van Alfen J. Fletcher H. R. Dillard J. E. Loper R. C. Gergerich S. S. Hurtt J. H. Andrews R. R. BÊlanger M. A. Ellis A. H. Tally B. J. Christ W. F. Wilcox G. W. Moorman M. J. Boehm

Editors-in-Chief Phytopathology

Editors-in-Chief APS PRESS

Councilors of the North Central Division

1911-14 1915-17 1918-20 1921-24 1925-28 1929-43 1944-51 1952-54 1955-57 1958-60 1961-63 1964-67 1968-69 1970-72 1973-75 1976-78 1979-81 1982-84 1985-87 1988-90 1991-93 1994-96 1997-99 2000-02 2003-05 2006-08 2009-11

1984-87 1988-91 1992-94 1995-97 1998-00 2001-03 2004-06 2007-09

1951-53 E. W. Hanson 1959-61 T. Kommedahl 1966-69 J. E. Mitchell 1969-71 R. E. Ford 1973-76 J. Artie Browning 1979-82 P. H. Williams 1982-85 R. L. Kiesling 1985-88 R. C. Rowe 1988-90 M. L. Lacy 1991-93 A. H. Ellingboe 1993-96 D. J. Jardine 1996-99 P. E. Lipps 1999-02 F. W. Nutter, Jr. 2002-05 R. D. Martyn, Jr. 2005-08 R. Hammerschmidt

L. R. Jones D. Reddick W. A. Orton P. Spaulding E. C. Stakman H. B. Humphrey H. Hart W. C. Price A. F. Ross E. E. Wilson R. W. Fulton T. Kommedahl G. W. Bruehl R. Aycock A. R. Weinhold R. L. Millar L. Sequeira K. J. Leonard G. E. Shaner D. M. Benson L. V. Madden D. C. Gross M. E. Daub B. I. Hillman C. C. Mundt R. L. Gilbertson N. Grunwald

G. N. Agrios R. W. Smiley S. A. Slack K. J. Leonard S. M. Douglas R. C. Ploetz R. C. Gergerich M. L. Daughtrey

Editors-in-Chief Phytopathology News 1967-69 1970-76 1977-82 1983-84 1985-87 1988-90 1991-95 1996-01 2002-03 2003-07 2007-09

M.C. Shurtleff R. J. Campana H.E. Waterworth A.H. Epstein C.C. Powell L. D. Moore C. L. Campbell R. F. Nyvall S. A. Johnston M. L. Daughtrey J. E. Loper

Editors-in-Chief Plant Health Instructor 2000-05 G. L. Schumann 2006-11 A. B. Baudoin

Editors-in-Chief Plant Disease

Editors-in-Chief Plant Health Progress

1980-82 1983-88 1989-91 1992-94 1995-97 1998-00 2001-03 2004-06 2007-09

2001-04 T. D. Murray 2005-07 D. M. Benson 2008-10 M. E. Matheron

M. C. Shurtleff C. W. Horne W. A. Sinclair W. L. Pedersen M. R. McLaughlin G. E. Shaner A. R. Biggs K. L. Bowen A. P. Keinath

Editors-in-Chief MPMI 1988 1989-91 1992-94 1995-97 1998-00 2001-03 2004-06 2007-09

G. Bruening L. Sequeira F. Ausubel S. B. Gelvin J. E. Leach H. P. Spaink J. Stougaard J. D. Walton

Editor-in-Chief Plant Disease Management Reports 2007-09 D. S. Egel Councilors of the Caribbean Division 1971-73 J. A B. Nolla 1974-77 B. H. Waite 1978-81 R. Rodriguez-Kabana 1982-85 J. S. Mignucci 1986-88 R. Rodriguez-Kabana 1988-93 J. Amador 1993-96 B. Villalon 1996-99 J. E. Polston 1999-02 S. A. Cantrell 2002-06 J. K. Brown 2006-08 L. A. Calvert

Councilors of the Northeastern Division 1941-42 F. L. Howard 1943-44 O.C. Boyd 1945-46 M. C. Richards 1946-47 T. Sproston 1947-50 S. E. A. McCallan 1950-51 M. T. Hilborn 1951-52 L. M. Black 1952-54 F. O. Holmes 1961-62 G. A. Brandes 1962-64 A. E. Rich 1964-66 S. Rich 1965-67 K. Maramorosch 1969-71 J. F. Tammen 1971-73 C. J. Gilcut 1974-77 C. W. Boothroyd 1977-80 L. V. Edgington 1980-83 R J. Campana 1983-86 R. A. Rohde 1986-89 D. R. Houston 1989-92 S. P. Pennypacker 1992-94 K. D. Hickey 1994-97 A. R. Gotlieb 1997-00 T. J. Burr 2000-03 B. J. Christ 2003-06 M. T. McGrath 2006-09 R. L. Wick Councilors of the Pacific Division 1945-47 L. D. Leach 1947-49 M. W. Gardner 1949-51 L. C. Cochran 1951-52 S. M. Dietz 1952-53 W. B. Hewitt 1953-55 P. R. Miller 1957-59 R. A. Young 1963-66 C. Gardner Shaw 1966-69 G. Semeniuk

1969-70 S. Wilhelm 1970-73 E. K. Vaughan 1973-76 R. B. Hine 1976-77 R. James Cook 1977-81 D. E. Mathre 1981-83 D.W. Burke 1983-86 M. V. Wiese 1986-89 J. M. Ogawa 1989-92 M. L. Powelson 1992-94 R. K. Webster 1994-97 R. W. Smiley 1997-00 G. A. Chastagner 2000-03 M. E. Matheron 2003-06 G. G. Grove 2006-09 M. Putnam Councilors of the Potomac Division 1944-45 H. P. Barss 1945-47 R. J. Haskell 1947-48 E.E. Clayton 1948-50 P. R. Miller 1950-51 C. L. Lefebvre 1951-53 C. E. Cox 1953-55 W. J. Zaumeyer 1955-56 W. D. McClellan 1956-58 S. E. A. McCallan 1963-65 J. G. Moseman 1965-68 R. E. Webb 1968-71 L. I. Miller 1971-74 M. E. Gallegly, Jr. 1974-77 H. B. Couch

1977-80 W. L. Klarman 1980-83 F. M. Latterell 1983-86 L. D. Moore 1986-89 R. Jay Stipes 1989-92 W. L. MacDonald 1992-95 R. B. Carroll 1995-98 S. S. Hurtt 1998-01 E. L. Stromberg 2001-04 A. Grybauskas 2004-07 T. A. Evans 2007-10 K. L. Everts Councilors of the Southern Division 1957-59 D. E. Ellis 1959-61 W. W. Hare 1961-64 A. Kelman 1966-69 J. P. Fulton 1969-71 T. T. Herbert 1971-74 D. Rosberg 1974-77 C. H. Graves, Jr. 1977-80 R. T. Gudauskas 1980-83 R. H. Littrell 1983-87 O. W. Barnett, Jr. 1987-90 J. M. McGuire 1990-93 K. E. Conway 1993-95 D. L. Hopkins 1995-98 D. R. Sumner 1998-01 D. T. Beadle 2001-04 A. K. Culbreath 2004-07 G. J. Holmes 2007-10 J. C. Rupe

APS Foundation Chairs 1987-93 1993-96 1995-97 1997-01 2001-05 2005-08

J. F. Tammen B. G. Tweedy O. W. Barnett, Jr S. M. Coakley D. E. Mathre A. R. Chase

Public Policy Board (PPB) Directors 1991-00 2000-02 2002-05 2005-06 2006-10

A. K. Vidaver O. W. Barnett, Jr. J. L. Sherwood S. M. Coakley J. Fletcher

Publication Board Chairs 1996-97 1997-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-11

M. R. McLaughlin M. E. Daub G. E. Shaner B. I. Hillman R.C. Ploetz A. R. Biggs C. C. Mundt K. L. Bowen M. E. Daub

Office of International Programs (OIP) Directors 1995-96 1997-98 1998-01 2001-04 2004-07 2007-10

C. J. Delp L. Sequeira R. Bennett G. S. Abawi R. C. Ploetz S. A. Miller

Office of Industry Relations (OIR) Directors 2001-04 C. M. Becker 2004-07 H. Vincent Morton 2007-10 B. D. Olson Office of Public Relations and Outreach (OPRO) Directors 1996-00 G. C. Bergstrom 2000-03 G. L. Tylka 2003-09 D. J. Jardine Scientific Programs Board (SPB) Directors 2001-07 E. N. Rosskopf 2007-10 S.T. Adkins

Office of Electronic Communications (OEC) Directors 1998-02 J. D. MacDonald 2002-05 J. B. Ristaino 2005-11 D. M. Eastburn

63

APS Awardees Since the inception of the Awards & Honors program in 1962, the following individuals have been honored by APS for their significant contributions to the science of plant pathology and their leadership with the Society. APS Awards are presented annually at the APS Annual Meeting.

Award of Distinction This award, the highest honor the Society can bestow, is presented on rare occasions to persons who have made truly exceptional contributions to plant pathology.

1967 1969 1972 1980 1983 1983 1987 1988 1994 1994 1998 2006 2007

E. C. Stakman J. C. Walker James G. Horsfall Harold H. Flor Arthur Kelman George Zentmyer Raymond G. Grogan Myron K. Brakke R. James Cook Luis Sequeira Anne K. Vidaver Milton Zaitlin Norman E. Borlaug

Distinguished Service Award This award honors APS members who have provided sustained, outstanding leadership to the society, while also furthering the science of plant pathology. This award is only presented upon the recommendation of APS Council.

1984 1991 1992 2002 2008

Thor Kommedahl Raymond J. Tarleton James F. Tammen O. W. Barnett, Jr. James D. MacDonald

Fellow The society grants this honor to a current APS member in recognition of distinguished contributions to plant pathology or to The American Phytopathological Society.

1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 64

H. W. Anderson H. P. Barss A. C. Braun C. Chupp G. H. Coons J. H. Craigie C. W. Edgerton G. W. Fisher Harold H. Flor M. W. Gardner J. G. Harrar Helen Hart William Boright Hewitt C. S. Holton

1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1966 1967 1967 1967 1967 1967 1967 1967 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1969 1969 1969

James G. Horsfall Lee M. Hutchins J. H. Jensen G. W. Keitt George C. Kent J. G. Leach Lysle D. Leach George McNew I. E. Melhous Paul R. Miller J. W. Oswald Glenn S. Pound A. J. Riker H.A. Rodenhiser E. C. Stakman W. M. Stanley G. Thorne W. D. Valleau J. C. Walker G. F. Weber C. E. Yarwood C.W. Bennett Lindsay M. Black V. W. Cochrane A. E. Dimond C. Drechsler David Gottlieb G. H. Hepting F. O. Holmes T. Johnson R. A. Ludwig S. E. A. McCallan Klaus. O. Muller W. C. Snyder E. E. Wilson Roy A. Young W. J. Zaumeyer R. M. Caldwell F. L. Howard H. H. McKinney John S. Niederhauser Saul Rich Ikuzo Uritani Saul Rich J. S. Boyce A. F. Ross W. N. Takahashi F. A. Wolf G. Z. Zentmyer D. L. Bailey K. F. Baker Raymond G. Grogan

1969 1969 1969 1970 1970 1970 1970 1970 1970 1970 1970 1970 1970 1971 1971 1971 1971 1971 1971 1971 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1973 1973 1973 1973 1973 1973 1973 1973 1973 1973 1973 1974 1974 1974 1974 1974 1974 1974 1974 1975 1975 1975

J. W. Heuberger Arthur Kelman W. C. Price L. J. Alexander Durward F. Bateman C. M. Christensen E. E. Clayton R. W. Fulton William F. Rochow J. E. Vanderplank Paul E. Waggoner J. M. Wallace H. E. Wheeler A. W. Dimock Mannon E. Gallegly, Jr. W. Q. Loegering Karl Maramorosch R. R. Nelson Luis Sequeira Malcolm C. Shurtleff Myron K. Brakke J. R. Christie James E. DeVay J. Galindo Alonso L. J. Klotz E. S. Luttrell A. G. Plakidas R. L. Steere H. David Thurston Ronald K. S. Wood E. V. Abbott G. M. Armstrong Gordon A. Brandes Theodor O. Diener R. M. Lister Roy L. Millar Mary E. Shaw Robert J. Shepherd Hugh D. Sisler A. J. Ullstrup C. Westcott George W. Bruehl Stephen Diachun Rorbert N. Goodman Arthur L. Hooker Thomas A. Shalla John T. Slykhuis Frederick L. Wellman Stephen Wilhelm John G. Bald Agesilau A. Bitancourt Joseph M. Daly

1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 1977 1977 1977 1977 1977 1977 1977 1978 1978 1978 1978 1978 1978 1978 1978 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1982 1982

John F. Fulkerson James W. Gerdemann William F. Mai Pascal P. Pirone Milton. N. Schroth Antonio Ciccarone Robert H. Daines Joseph P. Fulton Donald J. Hagedorn Tsune Kosuge Herbert H. Luke Charles J. Nusbaum Johan G. Ten Houten E. C. Calavan E. B. Cowling Peter R. Day John L. Lockwood George C. Papavizas R. H. Stover Kohei Tomiyama Albert H. Ellingboe Charles J. Gould John E. Mitchell Shu-Huang Ou Albert Siegel Furney A. Todd Seymour D. Van Gundy Milton Zaitlin Robert Aycock Victor H. Dropkin John B. Rowell Robert P. Scheffer Irving R. Schneider Joseph S. Semancik Wilson L. Smith, Jr. Paul H. Williams Ralph Baker Kenneth R. Barker J. Artie Browning R. James Cook Ralph J. Green, Jr. William J. Hooker Milton F. Kernkamp Thor Kommedahl Thomas P. Pirone Lewis F. Roth Arden F. Sherf Alex L. Shigo John B. Bancroft Joseph Kuc Curt Leben G. Nyland Albert O. Paulus Clayton O. Person Syama P. Raychaudhuri Robert E. Stall James E. Duffus Michele C. Heath

1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1986 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987

Laurence H. Purdy Richard Stace-Smith Albert Wienhold George N. Agrios George W. Bird Julio Bird-Pinero Johannnes Dekker Charles J. Delp Richard I.B. Francki Yigal Henis Kurt J. Leonard Chester J. Mirocha Donald E. Munnecke Daniel J. Samborski E. L. Gene Sharp Anne K. Vidaver William R. Bushnell P. Paul F. M. deNeergaard Richard Durbin Guillermo E. Galvez-Enriquez Curtis W. Roane August F. Schmitthenner Marr D. Simons Richard C. Staples James F. Tammen George E. Templeton, II Sue A. Tolin Richard D. Berger Richard J. Campana Robert E. Davis Joseph W. Eckert Donald C. Erwin Richard I. Hamilton Jürgen F. Kranz Harry H. Murakishi Paul E. Nelson Waldemar E. Sackston Francis A. Wood George Bruening Arun K. Chatterjee Elroy A. Curl W. Harley English Anton J. Novacky Joseph M. Ogawa Rosario Provvidenti Alan P. Roelfs Norman C. Schenck Peter H. Tsao Isaak Wahl Horace L. Barnett Michael G. Boosalis Richard A. Frederiksen Stephen M. Garnsey Alva M. Golden Cedric W. Kuhn Frances M. Latterell Roger H. Lawson Gino Malaguti

1987 1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1992 1992 1992

Srecko (John) M. Mircetich Nathaniel (Dick) T. Powell Albert D. Rovira Alois A. Bell Douglas W. Burke Urban L. Diener Eddie Echandi Gian L. Ercolani Chuji Hiruki Sung M. Lim Gad Loebenstein Donald C. Ramsdell John F. Schafer Hong Ji Su Ivan J. Thomason Billy G. Tweedy Carl H. Beckman Eileen Brennan John M. Duniway David W. French C. Wendell Horne John G. Moseman Rodrigo Rodríguez-Kábana Gregory E. Shaner Malcolm R. Siegel Jui-Chang Tu James L. Van Etten Robert K. Webster Homer D. Wells Gayle L. Worf Tseh An Chen William O. Dawson William E. Fry Alan L. Jones Michael J. Jeger Edgar L. Kendrick Wen-Hsiung Ko Yeshwant L. Nene Harry R. Powers, Jr. Kenneth J. Scott Hans D. VanEtten Olen C. Yoder Salomon Bartnicki-Garcia Marvin K. Beute Ilan Chet Richard H. Converse Richard E. Ford Dennis Gonsalves Richard S. Hussey Andrew O. Jackson Jaacov Katan Noel T. Keen Elliot W. Kitajima Douglas P. Maxwell Derald A. Slack Herb S. Aldwinckle José Amador Gustaaf A. De Zoeten 65

1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 66

John H. Hill Harry A. Hoitink Don E. Mathre Gaylord I. Mink Lowell R. Nault Dan E. Purcifull Earl G. Ruppel Howard A. Scott Wayne A. Sinclair David R. Smith George S. Abawi Donald Aylor D. Michael Benson John R. Edwardson Clarence Kado Melvyn L. Lacy Ralph L. Nicholson John G. Shaw James B. Sinclair Ram P. Thakur Roy D. Wilcoxson Ortus W. Barnett, Jr. Joseph M. Bové William G. Dougherty Ernest Hiebert Steven E. Lindow Donald H. Marx Dallice I. Mills Richard W. Smiley Paul S. Teng Charles L. Wilson Jan C. Zadoks Zahir Eyal Donald L. Hopkins John A. Irwin Keisuke Kohmoto T. Jack Morris Randall C. Rowe Dharma D. Shukla Michael E. Stanghellini Walter R. Stevenson Neal K. Van Alfen James R. Aist Armando Bergamin Filho Yigal Cohen Alan Collmer Cleora J. D’Arcy Larry D. Dunkle Allen Kerr Kyung-Soo Kim Robert D. Lumsden Seiji Ouchi Jay Lawrence Apple Isaac Barash Thomas J. Burr Dennis C. Gross Gary E. Harman Alan C. Hayward

1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004

Hitoshi Kunoh Giovanni P. Martelli Gary A. Payne Steven G. Pueppke Edward French Bikram S. Gill Jan E. Leach Mary L. Powelson Steven A. Slack Baruch Sneh Brian Staskawicz Robert A. Blanchette Genevieve J. Défago Brian J. Deverall Tim R. Gottwald Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz Roland F. Line Laurence V. Madden C. Lee Campbell Margaret E. Daub Roger Hull Robert A. McIntosh Robert D. Riggs Laveran W. (Pete) Timmer Gary C. Bergstrom Lester W. Burgess Noriyuki Doke Jeffrey B. Jones Joyce E. Loper James W. Moyer Christopher C. Mundt David M. Weller Timothy P. Denny Said A. Ghabrial Craig R. Grau Everett M. Hansen Harvey C. Hoch Scot H. Hulbert Denis C. McGee Tom (Twng-Wah) Mew Charles W. Mims Linda S. Thomashow Clive M. Brasier Jeremy J. Burdon Martin B. Dickman Byung Kook Hwang Hei Leung Jerald K. Pataky Christopher L. Schardl Carol E. Windels Mike A. Ellis Bryce W. Falk Thomas C. Harrington Barry J. Jacobsen Harold Corby Kistler Ing-Ming Lee Norman W. Schaad Robert C. Seem

2004 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008

John L. Sherwood Turner B. Sutton Carol L. Bender Raghavan Charudattan Jacqueline Fletcher Christopher A. Gilligan Walter F. O. Marasas Bruce A. McDonald Robert A. Owens Gail L. Schumann Xiao-Bing Yang Stella Melugin Coakley Ralph A. Dean Anne E. Desjardins Helene R. Dillard Rose C. Gergerich John R. Hartman Charles R. Howell Ben E. Lockhart Ulrich K. Melcher Ravi P. Singh James L. Starr Charles W. Bacon David G. Gilchrist James H. Graham Raymond Hammerschmidt Rosemarie W. Hammond Nancy Jane P. Keller Steven A. Lommel Matteo Lorito William E. MacHardy W. Allen Miller Barbara S. Valent John H. Andrews Claude M. Fauquet Deborah Fravel Dean W. Gabriel David M. Gadoury Stephen B. Goodwin Bradley I. Hillman Charles M. Rush Jonathan D. Walton Michael J. Wingfield Shyi-Dong Yeh Thomas A. Zitter

Excellence in Extension Award This award recognizes APS members who have made outstanding contributions by creating, developing, or implementing extension-related programs or materials or who have provided significant leadership in an area of extension plant pathology.

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Walter R. Stevenson José Amador Malcolm C. Shurtleff Helene R. Dillard Thomas A. Kucharek

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Patrick M. Phipps Howard F. Schwartz John E. Watkins Mark L. Gleason Walter D. Gubler Gregory L. Tylka Mike A. Ellis Patrick E. Lipps Thomas A. Zitter Edward A. Brown, II James W. Travis Melodie Putnam Marcia P. McMullen Donald E. Hershman Mary K. Hausbeck

Excellence in Industry Award This award recognizes outstanding contributions to plant pathology by APS members whose primary employment involves work outside the university and federal realms either for a profit or nonprofit organization.

1998 2001 2002 2003 2006 2007 2008

H. Vincent Morton Molly N. Cline Allison H. Tally Chester L. Sutula Gregory L. Lamka James A. Frank Christopher M. Becker

Excellence in Teaching Award This award recognizes an APS member for excellence in teaching plant pathology.

Recipients receive a cash prize made possible by the Lucy Hastings de Gutiérrez Fund established in the APS Foundation.

1989 1990 1992 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Harold S. McNabb, Jr. Lafayette Frederick George W. Hudler William Merrill, Jr. Gail L. Schumann Antonius B. Baudoin Edward J. Braun Donald G. White Charles W. Mims James D. MacDonald Glen R. Stanosz Francis W. Zettler Larry F. Grand Karen-Beth G. Scholthof Caitilyn Allen Cleora J. D’Arcy Paul Vincelli Michael J. Boehm

International Service Award This award recognizes outstanding contributions to plant pathology by APS members for countries other than their own.

This award carries with it a cash prize, a portion of which is to be designated to the international program of the recipient’s choice. Funds for this prize are made possible from the JANE Fund (John and Ann Niederhauser Endowment) of the APS Foundation.

1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Ben E. Lockhart Christopher C. Mundt Robert S. Zeigler Sally A. Miller Kitty F. Cardwell Henryk Czosnek James R. Steadman H. David Thurston Naidu A. Rayapati Randy Ploetz

Ruth Allen Award This award honors individuals who have made an outstanding, innovative research contribution that has changed, or has the potential to change, the direction of research in any field of plant pathology. Recipients of the Ruth Allen Award receive a cash prize derived from a fund established by the heirs of Dr. Allen.

1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1971 1971 1971 1971 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1974 1975 1976 1977 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983

Harold H. Flor F. O. Holmes Myron K. Brakke W. C. Snyder John B. Bancroft H. Asuyama Yoji Doi T. Ishiie M. Teranaka K. Yora R. L. Steere Frances M. Latterell Herbert H. Luke Austin C. Goheen William Boright Hewitt Dewey J. Raski Ian A. M. Cruickshank Theodor O. Diener James W. Gerdemann Donald H. Marx Lindsay Black J. E. Vanderplank Harry Murakishi Robert J. Shepherd Allen Kerr Salomon Bartnicki-Garcia

1983 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1987 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1992 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1997 1997 1997 1998 1999 2000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2007 2008

Charles Bracker Jose Ruiz-Herrera Wen-Hsiung Ko William F. Rochow Richard M. Lister Deane Arny Steven E. Lindow Christen D. Upper Paul G. Ahlquist Thomas P. Pirone Roger N. Beachy George E. Templeton, II Richard G. Christie John R. Edwardson Ernest Hiebert Dan E. Purcifull A. C. Triantaphyllou Hedwig H. Triantaphyllou Harvey C. Hoch Richard C. Staples Noel T. Keen Brian Staskawicz Bruce C. Kirkpatrick R. James Cook Linda S. Thomashow David M. Weller Harry A. Hoitink Bruce A. McDonald James C. Carrington William G. Dougherty Robert E. Davis David C. Baulcombe Laurence V. Madden Howard S. Judelson Andrew O. Jackson T. Jack Morris Thomas J. Baum Eric L. Davis Richard S. Hussey Herman B. Scholthof Peter D. Nagy

William Boright Hewitt and Maybelle Ellen Ball Hewitt Award This award recognizes a scientist within five years of their Ph.D. degree who has made an outstanding, innovative contribution directed toward the control of plant disease.

Recipients receive a cash prize derived from funds bequeathed to the society by the Hewitt estate.

2002 2006 2007 2008

Shuijin Hu Koon-Hui Wang Natalia Peres Pierce A. Paul

67

Lee M. Hutchins Award This is an award to the author or authors of published research on basic or applied aspects of diseases of perennial fruit plants. The award consists of a cash prize from the Lee M. Hutchins Fund bequeathed to the society

by Dr. Hutchins.

1980 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1982 1983 1988 1990 1991 1991 1992 1993 1994 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998 1998 1999 2000 2001

68

Donald C. Ramsdell Moshe Bar-Joseph Michael Clark Stephen M. Garnsey Dennis Gonsalves Dan E. Purcifull John W. Randles, Ph.D. Srecko (John) M. Mircetich Gaylord I. Mink Thomas J. Burr David M. Gadoury Roger C. Pearson Jerry K. Uyemoto Alan R. Biggs Tim R. Gottwald James H. Graham Themis Michailides L. W. Timmer Wayne F. Wilcox Kenneth B. Johnson John N. Pinkerton Jeffrey K. Stone Adib Rowhani Gareth Hughes Mark Mazzola

2002 2003 2004 2006

Wolfram KĂśller Harald Scherm Mark L. Gleason Chang-Lin Xiao

Noel T. Keen Award This award recognizes APS members who have made outstanding contributions and demonstrated sustained excellence and leadership in research that significantly advances the understanding of molecular aspects of host–pathogen interactions, plant pathogens or plant-associated microbes, or molecular biology of disease development or defense mechanisms. Recipients of the Noel T. Keen Award receive a cash prize derived from a fund established through the APS Foundation.

2003 2004 2005 2007 2008

Alan Coller Brian Staskawicz Thomas J. Wolpert Pierre J. G. M. de Wit Brett M. Tyler

Syngenta Award This award is given by Syngenta Crop Protection to an APS member for an outstanding recent contribution to teaching, research, or extension in plant pathology.

Recipients receive a cash prize from Syngenta.

1975 1975

Donald Hagedorn Alex L. Shigo

1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Woodrow Hare George S. Abawi Alan L. Jones Alan MacNab William Moller Srecko (John) M. Mircetich John M. Duniway Gene R. Safir Randall C. Rowe Steven E. Lindow Thomas J. Burr Mike A. Ellis Christine Stephens Laurence V. Madden James J. Marois Margaret E. Daub Wayne F. Wilcox Ariena H. van Bruggen Forrest W. Nutter, Jr. Joyce E. Loper Kenneth B. Johnson Christopher C. Mundt Robert L. Gilbertson Albert K. Culbreath Gary P. Munkvold Eric L. Davis T. Erik Mirkov Sophien Kamoun Krishna V. Subbarao James R. Alfano Guo-Liang Wang Niklaus Grunwald Seogchan Kang

APS Annual Meetings Starting with the first 1909 APS Annual Meeting held in Boston, MA with 50 attendees and 45 papers presented, this event continues to be the society’s premier attraction each year. The ongoing value and relevance is evident in the success of the 2008 Centennial Meeting with more than 950 oral and poster presentations on the latest advances in the science, in addition to two plenary sessions, and 27 symposia. Meetings are regularly held jointly with other related scientific organizations.

1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958

December 30-31 December 28-30 December 27-28 December 31-January 3 December 30-January 2 December 29-January 1 December 28-31 December 27-30 December 28-January 1 December 23-28 December 29-January 2 December 27-31 December 27-30 December 27-30 December 27-January 1 December 29-January 1 December 28-31 December 28-31 December 28-30 December 28-31 December 28-31 December 30-January 3 December 29-31 December 28-30 December 28-30 December 27-29 December 31-January 3 December 28-31 December 27-30 December 27-30 December 27-30 December 27-31 December 29-January 1 February 12-14 December 4-6 December 9-11 March 27-30 December 28-30 December 28-30 December 6-8 December 28-30 December 1-3 December 9-12 September 7-10 September 6-10 August 24-27 December 27-30 December 5-8 August 25-29 August 24-28

Boston, MA Minneapolis, MN Washington, DC Cleveland, OH Atlanta, GA Philadelphia, PA Columbus, OH New York, NY Pittsburgh, PA Baltimore, MD St. Louis, MO Chicago, IL Toronto, ON, Canada Boston, MA Cincinnati, OH Washington, DC Kansas City, MO Philadelphia, PA Nashville, TN New York, NY Des Moines, IA Cleveland, OH New Orleans, LA Atlantic City, NJ Boston, MA Pittsburgh, PA St. Louis, MO Atlantic City, NJ Indianapolis, IN Richmond, VA Columbus, OH Philadelphia, PA Dallas, TX Columbus, OH Columbus, OH Cincinnati, OH St. Louis, MO Cincinnati, OH Chicago, IL Pittsburgh, PA New York, NY Memphis, TN Cincinnati, OH Ithaca, NY Madison, WI Estes Park, CO Atlanta, GA Cincinnati, OH Palo Alto, CA Bloomington, IN

1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

June 17-19 June 15-16 December 10-13 June 17-23 August 26-29 August 23-26 October 3-7 August 20-24 August 20-24 September 2-6 August 17-22 October 4-8 August 15-19 August 9 September 5-12 August 11-15 August 10-14 July 11-15 August 14-18 October 28-November 2 August 5-11 August 24-28 August 2-6 August 8-12 June 26-30 August 12-16 August 11-15 August 10-14 August 2-6 November 13-17 August 20-24 August 4-8 August 17-21 August 8-12 November 6-10 August 6-10 August 12-16 July 27-31 August 9-13 November 8-12 August 7-11 August 12-16 August 25-29 July 27-31 August 9-13 July 31-August 4 July 30-August 3 July 29-August 2 July 28-August 1 July 26-30

University Park, PA Green Lake, WI Biloxi, MS Corvallis, OR Amherst, MA Lafayette, IN Miami Beach, FL Denver, CO Washington, DC Columbus, OH Spokane, WA Hot Springs, AR University Park, PA Mexico City, FD, Mexico Minneapolis, MN Vancouver, BC, Canada Houston, TX Kansas City, MO East Lansing, MI Tucson, AZ Washington, DC Minneapolis, MN New Orleans, LA Salt Lake City, UT Ames, IA Guelph, MB, Canada Reno, NV Orlando, FL Cincinnati, OH San Diego, CA Richmond, VA Grand Rapids, MI St. Louis, MO Portland, OR Nashville, TN Albuquerque, NM Pittsburgh, PA Indianapolis, IN Rochester, NY Las Vegas, NV Montréal, QC, Canada New Orleans, LA Salt Lake City, UT Milwaukee, WI Charlotte, NC Anaheim, CA Austin, TX Québec City, QC, Canada San Diego, CA Minneapolis, MN

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APS Centennial Members The importance of collaboration and community remains strong within the society, during the Centennial year APS membership has grown to more than 5,000 plant pathologists worldwide. Members, located in nearly 100 countries, represent a broad section of the scientific community. This listing represents all current members of APS as of May 1, 2008. Since the membership roster changes regularly, for the most up-to-date listing, with full contact information, refer to the membership directory online.

Chris Aakre, Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA Gloria Z. Abad, USDA APHIS PPQ PSPI MDL, Beltsville, MD Jorge A. Abad, USDA APHIS PPQ PGQP, Beltsville, MD Pierre Abad, UMR INRA CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France Mathew M. Abang, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic George S. Abawi, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Hamed K. Abbas, USDA ARS CG&PRU, Stoneville, MS Pervaiz A. Abbasi, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada Mohamed E. Abdalla, Mansoura Univ, El-Mansoura, Egypt Suzan A. Abdallah, Benha Univ, West Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt Siham M. E. Abdel Ghafour, Cairo, Egypt Dawlat Anwar Abdel Kader, Zagazig Univ, Nasr City Cairo, Egypt Entsar El-Sayed Abdel Nabi, Zagazig Univ, Zagazig, Egypt Mokhtar M. Abdel-kader, National Research Centre, Giza, Ciro, Egypt Musa A. Abdelshife, USDA APHIS PPQ, Hawthorne, CA Omar A. Abdul Wahid, Suez Canal Univ, Ismailia, Egypt Ismail Abdullahi, Sr., Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Sidney, BC, Canada Amanda Able, Univ of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia T. Scott Abney, USDA ARS, West Lafayette, IN O. O. Aboaba, Univ of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria Salem O. Abosriwil, The Intl Centre of Language & Technology, Dublin, Ireland Youssef Abou Jawdah, American Univ of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Ayman Hassan Ali Abou Tabl, Mansoura Univ, El-Mansoura, Egypt Nagi Abou-Zeid, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Giza, Egypt Maritza Abril, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Firas M. Abu-El Samen, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Gian Paolo Accotto, Istituto Di Virologia Vegetale, CNR, Torino, Italy Maricelis Acevedo, ARS-USDA, Aberdeen, ID Premila N. Achar, Kennesaw State Univ, Kennesaw, GA Maria Angeles Achon, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain Serap Acikgoz, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Rodolfo Acosta-Leal, Texas A&M Univ, Amarillo, TX Joseph A. Adamo, Georgian Court Univ, Lakewood, NJ Edward B. Adams, Jr., Washington State Univ, Spokane, WA Gerard C. Adams, Jr., Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI James C. Adams, PhD, Nichino America Inc, Wilmington, DE Mike Adams, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC James E. Adaskaveg, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Eric A. Adee, Northwestern Illinois Agric, Monmouth, IL Shelly Adee, Univ of Illinois, Little York, IL Adedotun Adeyinka Adekunle, Univ of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria Anthony Oyegoke Adesemoye, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Tika B. Adhikari, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Scott T. Adkins, USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 70

Krishan L. Adlakha, Boothwyn, PA Brenna J. Aegerter, Univ of California Cooperative Extension, Stockton, CA Mohammad R. Afunian, PhD, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Irina V. Agarkova, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Ricelle Agbayani, Univ of Hawaii - Manoa, Honolulu, HI Michael L. Agnew, Syngenta, Kennett Square, PA George N. Agrios, Gainesville, FL Paula A. Agudelo, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Iftikhar Ahmad, NARC PARC, Islamabad, Pakistan Hafiz U. Ahmed, Alberta Agric and Food, Edmonton, AB, Canada Monday Obaigboruen Ahonsi, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA Sylvester O. Aigbe, Ambrose Alli Univ, Ekpoma, EDO, Nigeria Mary Catherine Aime, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA Hajime O. Akamatsu, Tottori, Japan Chrys N. Akem, Ayr Research Station, Ayr, QLD, Australia Ogunfunmilayo Akindele Oluwole, IITA, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria Olufemi J. Alabi, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Claude L. Alabouvette, INRA, Dijon, France Ali Obead Al-Adawi, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheris, Saham, Oman Kholoud Mohammad Alananbeh, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Ronaldo T. Alberto, Central Luzon State Univ, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines Maria R. Albiach-Marti, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain Erin M. Albrecht, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Maria de Jesus Alcano Gonzalez, Univ of Central Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela Stephen C. Alderman, USDA ARS NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR Herb S. Aldwinckle, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY John R. Aleck, Valent USA Corp, Greenville, MS Goran Aleksic, Inst for Plant Protection & Env, Belgrade, Fed Rep of Yugoslavia Aaron Alexander, Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX Nancy J. Alexander, USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Peoria, IL Paul M. Alexander, Conway, SC Samuel A. Alexander, Exmore, VA Maria Amelia Vaz Alexandre, Inst Biologico, Sao Paulo, Brazil Alexandri A. Alexandru, Alcedo Ltd, Bucuresti, Romania Jesus Maria Alezones Gomez, Fundacion Danac, San Felipe, Venezuela Gabriele Alfano, Univ of Molise, Campobasso, Italy James R. Alfano, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Dunia H. Al-Gharabally, Univ of Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait Akhtar Ali, Univ of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK Shaukat Ali, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Adriana M. Alippi, Univ Nacl de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina Michael A. Allan, Arysta LifeScience North America, Cary, NC Caitilyn Allen, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

Michael F. Allen, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Stephen J. Allen, Australian Cotton Research Inst, Narrabri, Australia Thomas C. Allen, Jr., Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Thomas W. Allen, Jr., Mississippi State Univ, Stoneville, MS Raul Allende-Molar, CIAD - AC, Laredo, TX Ton Allersma, De Ruiter Zonen Seeds, Bergschenhoek, Netherlands Angela T. Alleyne, Edward Waters College, Jacksonville, FL Arthur V. Allison, Critter Creek Lab, Haynes, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom Jaume Almacellas Gort, DARP Generalitat De Catalunya, Lleida, Spain Alvaro M. R. Almeida, EMBRAPA SOJA, Londrina, Parana, Brazil Rodrigo P. P. Almeida, PhD, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Christie V. Almeyda, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Khalil I. Al-Mughrabi, New Brunswick, Agric Fish & Aquaculture, Wicklow, NB, Canada Angel Gabriel Alpuche-Solis, IPICYT, San Luis Potosi, Mexico Maher Alrwahnih, PhD, Univ of California, Davis, CA Mohammed A. Al-Saleh, King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Suleiman M. AlShebel, King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Ben Alsop, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Nora A. Altier, INIA Las Brujas, Las Piedras, Canelones, Uruguay Veria Alvarado, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Anne M. Alvarez, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Maria E. Alvarez, Univ Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina Roberto E. Alvarez, Fac De Cs Agrarias Fitopatologia, Corrientes CP, Argentina Luis Armando Alvarez-Bernaola, Universidad PolitĂŠcnica De Valencia, Valencia, Spain Ariel Alvarez-Morales, Cinvestav-IPN, Irapuato GTO, Mexico Leo Manuel Alves, Putnam Valley, NY Jose Amador, McAllen, TX Saori Amaike, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Olivier Amand, Sesvanderhave, Tienen, Belgium Meredith E. Ambroson, Kansas City, MO Robert N. Ames, Advanced Microbial Solutions LLC, Pilot Point, TX Achour Amiri, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Stefan Georges Amyotte, London, ON, Canada Qianli An, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Richard H. Anacker, Maryland Dept of Agric, Annapolis, MD Ajith Anand, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Daniel J. Anco, Lemont, IL Veronica Ancona, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Birgitte Andersen, Technical Univ of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark Janet L. Andersen, Environmental Protection Agcy, Washington, DC Lars Andersen, Danisco Seed, Holeby, Denmark Claire L. Anderson, Orange Park, FL Douglas C Anderson, Nematodes Inc, Selma, CA Eliza-Jane Anderson, Monsanto, St Louis, MO Gerald W. Anderson, Princeton, MN Grace M. Anderson, Univ of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN John R. Anderson, Monsanto Co, Raleigh, NC Neil A. Anderson, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Robert L. Anderson, West Plains, MO

Terry Anderson, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada Yasuo Ando, Japan Intl Res Ctr for Agric Sciences, Tsukuba City Ibaraki, Japan Gilich Andrea, Sr., USDA Forest Service, Saucier, MS Markus W. Andres, Chapel Hill, NC Marion Andrew, Univ of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada John H. Andrews, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Rachael Marie Andrie, Oregon Health & Science Univ, Portland, OR Didier Andrivon, INRA UMR ENSAR, Le Rheu, France Carlos A. Angel, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Peter A. Angwin, USDA Forest Service, Redding, CA Yehoshua Anikster, Tel-Aviv Univ, Ramat, Aviv, Israel Pao-Jen Ann, Taiwan Agric Research Inst, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Yehezkel Antignus, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Hani H. Antoun, PhD, Universite Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Mirella Aoun, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Walter Apaza, Univ Nac Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru Arthur Appel, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL David N. Appel, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX J. Lawrence Apple, Burlington, NC Marilena Aquino de Muro, Univ de Caxias Do Sul, Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil Jehan Ara, Univ of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Liliana Aragon, Univ Nac Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru Ramon A. Arancibia, Mississippi State University, Pontotoc, MS Miguel A. Aranda, CEBAS CSIC (Q2818002-D), Espinardo, Murcia, Spain Sakae Arase, Shimane Univ, Matsue, Japan Luis Felipe Arauz, Univ de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica Brett E. Arenz, Univ of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN Enrique Arevalo Gardini, Instituto De Cultivos Tropicales (ICT), Tarapoto San Martin, Peru Tsutomu Arie, Tokyo Univ of Agric & Technology, Fuchu Tokyo, Japan Muhammad Arif, PhD, NWFP Agric Univ, Peshawar, GU, Pakistan Jennifer J. Ariss, USDA ARS, Charleston, SC Oluwole Adebisi Ariyo, Allen Univ, Columbia, SC Josep Armengol, Univ Politecnica De Valencia, Valencia, Spain Roydean Armstrong, DuPont Crop Protection Chemicals, Newark, DE Erika Alexandra Arnao Tortolero, Fundacion Danac, San Felipe, Venezuela Sarah Arnold, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Deane C. Arny, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Karen S. Arthur, Valent USA Corp, Plano, TX Gavin J. Ash, Charles Sturt Univ, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia Roger O. Ashley, North Dakota State Univ, Dickinson, ND Sara Ashna, Islamic Azad Univ Tehran, Ahvaz Khozestan, Iran Hamid Ashrafi, Univ of California, Davis, CA Gemma Maria Assante, Ist Di Patologia Vegetale, Milano, Italy Menachem Assaraf, ICL - Industrial Products (Bromine Compounds) LTD., Beer-Sheva, Israel Jo Ann Asselin, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Francisco M. Assis Filho, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Dusit Athinuwat, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand

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Pornpimon Athipunyakom, Plant Pathology Research Group, Chatuchuk, Bangkok, Thailand Shahasi Y. Athman, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Sarangi Athukorala, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Robert G. Atkins, Agric Weights & Measures, San Diego, CA Renuka N. Attanayake, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Jimmy J. Augustine, BHN Research, Immokalee, FL Joao Augusto, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Craig N. Austin, Geneva, NY Frederick M. Ausubel, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Maria Valeria Avanzato, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Theresa A. S Aveling, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of South Africa Herve Fabrice Avenot, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Charles W. Averre, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Francisco J. Avila, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Martin Eduardo Avila Miranda, Inst Tecnologico de Tlajomulco, Tlajomulco, Jalisco, Mexico Graciela Avila Quezada, Centro de Invest En Alimen Y Desarrollo, Delicias Chihuahua, Mexico Cruz Avila-Adame, Saddle Brook, NJ Manuel Aviles Guerrero, Univ De Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain Zhelju Avramov, Central Lab for Plant Quarantine, Sofia, Bulgaria Paige E. Axelrood, PhD, Vancouver, BC, Canada Robert Aycock, Blacksburg, VA John E. Ayers, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Donald Aylor, Connecticut Agric Exp Stn, New Haven, CT Brian Aynardi, Wyomissing, PA Antonio Juliano Ayres, FUNDECITRUS, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Yesim Aysan, Univ of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey Koji Azegami, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan Robert Paul R. Baayen, Min of Agric, Nature and Food Quality, Den Haag, Netherlands Mohammad Babadoost, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Assadullah Babai-Ahari, Tabriz Univ, Tabriz, Iran Ebrahiem M. Babiker, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Subramanian Babu, School of Biotechnology, Coimbatore, India Ada A. Bacetty, USDA ARS TMRU, Athens, GA Paul R. Bachi, Univ of Kentucky, Princeton, KY Paul A. Backman, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Peggy Backup, Univ of California, Davis, CA Elaine A. Backus, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Charles W. Bacon, USDA ARS, Athens, GA Ismael Badillo-Vargas, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Dayakar V. Badri, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Dong Gem Bae, Mookpo, Jeun Nam, Korea Michael D. Baefsky, Orinda, CA Ferenc Bagi, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia And Montenegro John B. Bahme, Bahme & Associates, Provo, UT Richard B. Bahme, Agbiochem Inc, Orinda, CA Bochra Bahri, INRA, Paris, France Guihua Bai, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Xiaodong Bai, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Bryan A. Bailey, USDA ARS PSI, Beltsville, MD Richard E. Baird, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Rukhsana Bajwa, Univ of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Carlye A. Baker, Div of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL 72

Christina M. Baker, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Dennis J. Baker, Bakers Entomology & Pest Service, Midland, TX Fred A. Baker, Jr., Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Kathleen Baker, Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI Rachel L. Baker, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Terry Baker, Cheminova Inc, Wayne, NJ Daniel Bakker, Naktuinbouw, Roelofarendsveen, Netherlands Matthew G. Bakker, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Peter A. H. M. Bakker, Utrecht Univ, Utrecht, Netherlands Kanak Bala, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada Ricardo S. Balardin, Univ Federal De Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Clarissa J. Balbalian, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Adriana Balbina Andreu, Univ Nacl De Mar Del Plata, Mar Del Plata, Argentina Yilmaz Balci, PhD, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Eric L. Bald, Cal Poly Pomona, Temple City, CA Thomas T. Baldwin, State Univ of New York - ESF, Catskill, NY Peter J. Balint-Kurti, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Ellen M. Ball, Eau Claire, WI G. Murray Ballance, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Melissa D. Ballard, VPI SU, Blacksburg, VA John A. Balles, Nutrilite/Access Business Group, Lakeview, CA Botond Balogh, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT Jiyeon Ban, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Fnu Bandana, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Murali D. Bandla, PhD, USDA APHIS PPQ PHP, Riverdale, MD Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, IITA, Croydon, United Kingdom John F. Baniecki, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Ziaeddin Banihashemi, Shiraz Univ, Shiraz, Iran Thomas J. Banko, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA Xiaodong Bao, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Jeri D. Barak, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA Radwan M. Barakat, Hebron Univ, Jerusalem, Israel Isaac Barash, Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel Tharcisse T. Barasubiye, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Anthony Barbaglia, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Derek J. Barbara, Warwick HRI, Warwickshire, United Kingdom Martin J. Barbetti, Univ of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia George Apostolos Bardas, Aristotle Univ of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Ted R. Bardinelli, BASF Corp, Durham, NC Rivka Barkai-Golan, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Ian Barker, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima 12, Peru Kenneth R. Barker, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Grant M. Barkley, Kent State Univ, Warren, OH Thomas H. Barksdale, Newville, PA Subhankar Roy Barman, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Charles W. Barnes, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Jeffrey S. Barnes, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC John M. Barnes, Rockville, MD Larry W. Barnes, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX O. W. Barnett, Jr., Holly Springs, NC Joseph G. Barrat, Shepherdstown, WV Yolanda Barredo, Neiker Tecnalia, Vitoria Gasteiz, Araga, Spain

Laura Leticia Barrera Necha, Centro De Desarrollo De Productos Bioticos, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico Elton R. Barrett, Plant Consulting Inc, Monroe, LA Tara L. Barrett Tarnowski, Univ of Florida, Homestead, FL Giovane Barroti, Barretos, SP, Brazil Salomon Bartnicki-Garcia, San Diego, CA Faith E. Bartz, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Jerry A. Bartz, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Amanda N. Bastiaanse, Walters Gardens Inc, Zeeland, MI Dallas L. Batchelor, Weather Or Not Inc, Pasco, WA Durward F. Bateman, Raleigh, NC Cassandra Bates, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Marion Bateson, Queensland Univ Tech, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Jean C. Batzer, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Antonius B. Baudoin, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Thomas J. Baum, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Kendra Baumgartner, USDA ARS, Davis, CA Silvia Bautista-Banos, Centro De Desarrollo De Productos Bioticos, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico Shirin Bayati, Tarbiat Modares Univ, Tehran, Iran Fulya Baysal-Gurel, The Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Roger N. Beachy, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO Danise T. Beadle, Bayer CropScience, Cantonment, FL Julie W. Beale, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Glenn H. Beard, Univ of Georgia, Moultrie, GA Aaron D. Beattie, Univ of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Gwyn A. Beattie, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Robert A. Beaulieu, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH James S. Beaver, Mayaguez, PR Sladana Bec, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Ani Becheva, Central Lab for Plant Quarantine, Sofia, Bulgaria Christopher M. Becker, BAAR Scientific LLC, Romulus, NY Dirk Becker, Univ of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany Donna M. Becker, Northern Michigan Univ, Marquette, MI J. Ole Becker, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Walter F. Becker, EPAGRI - Est Experimental De Capador, Cacador, Santa Catarina, Brazil William N. Becker, Central Illinois Ag Res Farm, Springfield, IL Janna L. Beckerman, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Carl H. Beckman, Univ of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI Fredrick C. Beckman, Lafayette, IN Kent M. Beckman, Las Vegas, NV Peter M. Beckman, Golden State Bulb Growers, Moss Landing, CA Margot C. Becktell, Mesa State College, Grand Junction, CO Steven V. Beer, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Ross E. Beever, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand Franklin Behlau, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Jae L. Behn, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Juan C. Bejar, Miami, FL Jose Bejarano-Alcazar, IFAPA Centro Alameda del Obispo, Cordoba, Spain Richard R. Belanger, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Jose Belasque, Jr., Araraquara, SP, Brazil Alessandra Belisario, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Rome, Italy Alois A. Bell, USDA ARS SPARC, College Station, TX Jeremy D. Bell, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Ronald R. Bell, AgReliant Genetics, Lebanon, IN

Stephane Bellafiore, Univ of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA Scott B. Belmar, Stuttgart, AR G. T. A. Benda, Houma, LA Carol L. Bender, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Gary S. Bender, Univ of California, San Diego, CA Marguerite G. Benedict, Easton, MD Kemal Benlioglu, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Seher Benlioglu, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Chandalin M. Bennett, Reno, NV Rebecca S. Bennett, USDA ARS, Shafter, CA Rick A. Bennett, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD D. Michael Benson, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Jared Benson, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Andrew F. Bent, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Elizabeth Bent, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Yephet Ben-Yephet, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Lesley Benyon, USDA ARS, Fort Pierce, FL Louis Beraha, Chicago, IL Armando Bergamin Filho, Univ of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Dale R. Bergdahl, Charlotte, VT Jonathan D. Berger, Whitmire Micro-Gen Research Lab, St Louis, MO Philip H. Berger, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, NC Gerard T. Berggren, Jr., Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Rosary S. Berggren, Louisiana State Univ AgCenter, St Gabriel, LA Gary C. Bergstrom, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Bill B. Berkenkamp, Rimbey, AB, Canada Lorraine P. Berkett, Univ of Vermont, Burlington, VT Adriana J. Bernal, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Roberto F. Bernal, INIA Salto Grande, Salto, Uruguay Gregory C. Bernard, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Elizabeth A. Bernhardt, Phytosphere Research, Vacaville, CA Zuzana Bernhart, Springer Science & Business Media B.V., Dordrecht, Netherlands Claude Bernier, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Louis Bernier, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Frederick H. Berry, Columbus, OH James A. Berry, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Matthew C. Berry, Lansing, MI Assunta F. Bertaccini, Univ Degli Studi Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy Alan M. Bertelsen, Winfield Solutions, St Paul, MN Francois Bertrand, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Nimes Cedex 2, France Paul F. Bertrand, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Ximena A. Besoain, Univ Catolica de Valparais, Quillota, Chile Frederick S. Betz, AgraQuest Inc, Annapolis, MD David M. Beyer, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Jose L. Bezerra, CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, Itabuna, BA, Brazil Ravindra G. Bhat, Univ of California, Davis, CA Kishor K. Bhattarai, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Chao Wei Bi, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China John C. Bienapfl, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Alan R. Biggs, West Virginia Univ, Kearneysville, WV Vincent P. Bijman, AgroInnovation, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands Charles L. Biles, East Central Univ, Ada, OK 73

Gerald F. Bills, Merck Sharp & Dohme de Espana, S.A., Madrid, Spain Guillaume Bilodeau, Quebec, QC, Canada Wray Birchfield, Baton Rouge, LA George W. Bird, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Julio Bird, San Juan, PR Howard L. Bissonnette, Youngstown, FL Suzanne M. Bissonnette, Univ of Illinois, Champaign, IL Walter M. Bitterlin, BIOREBA AG, Reinach, Switzerland Bruce C. Black, PhD, FMC Corporation, Princeton, NJ Bryan D. Black, Syngenta Crop Protection, Searcy, AR Lowell L. Black, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, DeForest, WI Mark C. Black, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Uvalde, TX Jaime E. Blair, Amherst College, Amherst, MA James H. Blake, Clemson University, Clemson, SC George M. Blakeslee, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Robert A. Blanchette, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Reyes Blanco Prieto, Univ of Almeria, Almeria, Spain Miguel A. Blanco-Lopez, Univ De Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Monica V. Blanco-Meneses, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Donald J. Blasingame, Starkville, MS Bruce H. Bleakley, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Walter O. Bliss, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Charles C. Block, USDA ARS, Ames, IA Sue L. Blodgett, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD James R. Bloom, Lemont, PA James R. Bloomberg, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Burton H. Bluhm, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Elena Blume, Univ Federal De Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Tamla D. Blunt, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO William W. Bockus, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Ana Maria Bocsanczy, USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV Natacha Bodenhausen, Univ of Chicago, Chicago, IL Paul W. Bodenstine, Ag Systems, Mechanicsville, VA Michael J. Boehm, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Thierry Bogaert, Devgen NV, Gent, Belgium Adam J. Bogdanove, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Carlos E. Bogran, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Barbara Boine, Univ of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Leonardo Silva Boiteux, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Greg J. Boland, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Mark P. Bolda, Univ of California Cooperative Extension, Watsonville, CA Hasan A. Bolkan, Campbell Soup Co, Davis, CA Melvin D. Bolton, USDA ARS PSRU, Fargo, ND Solange Bonaldo, Univ Estadual De Maringa, Maringa, Brazil Peter J. M. Bonants, Plant Research International, Rhenen, Netherlands Jason P. Bond, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL William P. Bond, Franklinton, LA Morris R. Bonde, USDA ARS, Frederick, MD Pierluigi Bonello, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Jose Itamar Boneti, Est Exp de Sao Joaquim, Sao Joaquim S C, Brazil J. Mike Bonman, USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID W. Gordon Bonn, Windsor, ON, Canada Conrad K. Bonsi, Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL Mark G. Bookbinder, Germantown, MD 74

Helen M. Booker, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Michael G. Boosalis, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Theodore N. Boratynski, USDA APHIS PPQ, Brawley, CA Katherine A. Borkovich, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Norman E Borlaug, PhD, Dallas, TX James Borneman, University of California, Riverside, CA Maryann A. Borsick Herman, Cornell University, Geneva, NY Wayne B. Borth, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Jorunn Borve, Lofthus, Norway Jorunn Bos, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom Steven C. Bost, Univ of Tennessee, Nashville, TN Richard M. Bostock, Univ of California, Davis, CA Montgomary Botschner, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Daniel Botts, Florida Fruit & Vegetable Assn, Maitland, FL Elisabeth Boudon-Padieu, INRA, Dijon, Cedex, France Ryan S. Bounds, Syngenta Crop Protection, Visalia, CA Hacene Bouzar, Sakata Seed America Inc, Salinas, CA Joseph M. Bove, Univ of Bordeaux 2, La Brede, France Jessica Bovill, Univ of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia William Bovill, Univ of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia Robert L. Bowden, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS Kira L. Bowen, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Glenn R. Bowers, Syngenta Seeds, Bay, AR John H. Bowers, USDA APHIS PPQ EDP, Riverdale, MD John E. Bowman, Development Alternatives Inc, Bethesda, MD John W. Bowyer, Stanthorpe, QLD, Australia Steven H. Boyd, Hydros Inc, Bourne, MA John S. Boyle, State College, PA Edward J. Boza, Hornbeck Seed Co Inc, Stuttgart, AR Douglas N. Boze, Idaho Crop Improvement Assoc, Idaho Falls, ID James M. Bradeen, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Carl A. Bradley, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Claude G. Bragard, Catholic Univ of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Vanessa M. Brake, Australian Quarantine & Inspection Svc, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Maria T. Brandl, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA William H. Brandt, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Phillip M. Brannen, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Jason R. Brantner, Univ of Minnesota, Crookston, MN Avneet Kaur Brar, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Gurpreet S. Brar, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Ferozepur, India Clive M. Brasier, Forest Research Station, Farnham, Surrey, United Kingdom Karl Brauer, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Adolf L. Braun, Davis, CA Edward J. Braun, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA P. Gordon Braun, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada Andrea Braun-Kiewnick, Wadenswil, Switzerland Michael P. Braverman, Rutgers Univ, Princeton, NJ Samuel W. Braverman, Geneva, NY Leticia Bravo Luna, Centro De Desarrollo De Productos Bioticos, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico Andrew Breakspear, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Julie Breathnach, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE

Ron ‘Brec’ Brecheisen, Brec Tree Care, Sierra Vista, AZ Matthew O. Brecht, PhD, Altamonte Springs, FL Jill D. Breeden, Auburn University, Auburn, AL Josephine Brennan, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food, Celbridge,Kildare., Ireland Timothy B. Brenneman, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Alberto Bressan, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Deborah I. Breth, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Albion, NY Colette Breuil, Univ of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Marin T. Brewer, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Michael J. Brewer, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Vickie A. Brewster, USDA APHIS PPQ, San Diego, CA Marlove Fatima Briao Muniz, Univ Federal De Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Steven P. Briggs, Univ of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA Janete A. Brito, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Johann A. Brits, Syngenta South Africa, Halfway House, Rep of South Africa Jeffrey L. Britt, Washington State Dept of Agric, Olympia, WA Kerry O. Britton, USDA Forest Health Protection, Arlington, VA Ronald H. Brlansky, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Jason H. Brock, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Kirk D. Broders, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Marion L. Brodhagen, Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA Terence Brokenshire, State of Guernsey, Guernsey, United Kingdom Josh J. Bronson, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, NC Fred E. Brooks, American Samoa Community College, Pago Pago, AS Mark A. Brooks, Richmond Farms Ltd, St. Elizabeth, Jamaica Steven A. Brooks, USDA ARS SPA DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR Janet C. Broome, UCCE Sacramento County, Sacramento, CA Steven C. Broscious, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC William J. Broughton, LBMPS, Univ De Geneve, Geneve 4, Switzerland Aaron D. Brown, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Charles R. Brown, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA Edward A. Brown, II, Univ of Georgia, Colbert, GA Eldon Brown, Winter Haven, FL Judith K. Brown, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Lawrence G. Brown, USDA APHIS, Raleigh, NC Merton F. Brown, Jr., Columbia, MO Michael J. Brown, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Philip R. Brown, Alf Christianson Seed Co, Mount Vernon, WA Robert L. Brown, USDA ARS SRRC, New Orleans, LA Greg T. Browne, USDA ARS, Davis, CA Keith H. Brownell, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC J. Artie Browning, Lacey, WA Diane E. Brown-Rytlewski, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI John J. Brozdowski, Jr., Brozdowski Scientific Farms, Pine Island, NY William L. Bruckart, III, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Fort Detrick, MD George W. Bruehl, Pullman, WA George Bruening, Univ of California, Davis, CA Jack A. Bruhn, DuPont, Landenberg, PA Philip D. Brune, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Asha M. Brunings, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL

Peter John Brunt, Lincoln Univ, Nelson, New Zealand Benny D. Bruton, USDA ARS, Lane, OK Rosemary J. Bryson, BASF Plc, Cheshire, United Kingdom Heinrich Buchenauer, Univ of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Richard P. Buchner, Univ of California Cooperative Extension, Red Bluff, CA James W. Buck, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Ivan W. Buddenhagen, University of California, Davis, CA George C. Buechley, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN C. Robin Buell, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Natthiya Buensanteai, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Carmen Buettner, Humboldt Univ of Berlin, Berlin, Germany William M. Bugbee, West Fargo, ND Kevin C. Bugg, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Aleksandra Bulajic, Belgrade Univ, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia Carolee T. Bull, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Russell Bulluck, USDA APHIS PPQ, Raleigh, NC Greg J. Bunkers, Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO Andrea J. Buonassisi, Burnaby, BC, Canada Saul Burdman, Hebrew Univ of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel Jeremy J. Burdon, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia Lester W. Burgess, Univ of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Maria Luisa Burgos, Penn State, University Park, PA James Todd Burkdoll, BASF Corp, Visalia, CA O D. Burke, Grove City College, Grove City, PA Pragyan Burlakoti, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Rishi Ram Burlakoti, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND James R. Burleigh, Santa Fe, NM Marie Burleson, Columbus, OH Todd A. Burnes, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Alison L. Burnett, Bridgeton, NJ Tom Burns, Chia Tai Co Ltd, Kamphaengsaen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Leon L. Burpee, III, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Kirsti Burr, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Thomas J. Burr, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Mary E. L. Burrows, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Clyde L. Burton, Green Valley, AZ Robin A. Buruchara, CIAT, Kampala, Uganda Bradley J. Bush, Helena Chemical Co, Bardwell, TX Brian J. Bush, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Windfall, IN Elizabeth A. Bush, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Joe Bush, CHS, Chivington, CO Kathryn E. Bushley, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY William R. Bushnell, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Clyde R. Butler, CRB Arborist, Dallas, TX Edward E. Butler, Univ of California, Davis, CA Ernest Lee Butler, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Larry D. Butler, Becker-Underwood Inc, Ames, IA Ivan Buturac, Viskovo, Croatia Orhan Buyuk, Ankara Plant Protection Research Inst, Yenimahalle Ankara, Turkey Emmanuel Z. Byamukama, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Oliver C. Caasi, Stillwater, OK Antonio Cabrera, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Jose Alfonso Cabrera Motta, Univ of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Lance E. Cadle-Davidson, USDA ARS GGRU, Geneva, NY Molly Cadle-Davidson, Geneva, NY Anthony J. Caesar, USDA ARS, Sidney, MT Gustavo Caetano-Anolles, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL 75

Adalberto C. Cafe-Filho, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Guohong Cai, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Yuhui Cai, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Jessica L. Calcote, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Cesar M. Calderon, USDA APHIS PPQ, Atlanta, GA Brant B. Cali, Cali Ventures LLC, Union, NJ Bernarda Calla, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Lee A. Calvert, CIAT, Medley, FL Luis E. Camargo, Univ Sao Paulo ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil H. Ronald Cameron, Lake Oswego, OR Robin K. Cameron, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada Kim S. Camilli, Reno, NV Bruno Cammue, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium Amara R. Camp, Cornell University - NYSAES, Geneva, NY Donald M. Campanella, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Howard L. Campbell, Auburn Univ, Auburn Univ, AL Keith W. Campbell, Johnston, IA Robert N. Campbell, Davis, CA William M. Campbell, Dairyland Research Intl, Clinton, WI Joni Campidlli, Percival Scientific Inc, Perry, IA Elizabeth V. Campoverde, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Craig H. Canaday, Univ of Tennessee, Jackson, TN John D. Canaday, USDA APHIS PPQ, Riverdale, MD Maria Emilia Candela, Univ de Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain Byron L. Candole, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Thierry Candresse, INRA, Villenave D’Ornon, France Lydia Cano, Dole Philippine Inc, Davao City, Philippines Blanca I. Canteros, INTA, Bella Vista Ctes, Argentina Emily G. Cantonwine, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA Roy G. Cantrell, Monsanto Corp, St Louis, MO Sharon A. Cantrell, Univ of Turabo, Gurabo, PR Dario Cantu, Univ of California, Davis, CA Lihua Cao, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Tiesen Cao, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Alin Flavius Carabet, Univ of Agric Sciences & Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania Ignazio Carbone, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Jose E. Cardoso, EMBRAPA Agroindostria Tropical, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil Kitty F. Cardwell, USDA CSREES PAS, Washington, DC Odile Carisse, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, QC, Canada H. Edwin Carley, Colorado Springs, CO Nestor E. Caroselli, Kingston, RI Pablo D. Carpane, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK John P. Carr, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Marcelo R. Carranza, Univ Nacl de La Plata, La Plata, BA, Argentina Angela Judith Carreno Perez, Univ Nacl de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia Ramiro Carretero, Univ De Buenos Aires, Av San Martin, BA, Argentina James C. Carrington, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Lori M. Carris, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Amy B. Carroll, Univ of Arkansas Coop Ext Svc, Lonoke, AR Juliet E. Carroll, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY N. Beth Carroll, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC 76

Robert B. Carroll, Elkton, MD Thomas W. Carroll, Gig Harbor, WA William J. Carroll, Amvac Chemical Corp, Costa Mesa, CA Martin L. Carson, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Laurel L. Carter, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Nampa, ID R. D. Carter, Walnut Creek, CA Richard D. Cartwright, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Frank L. Caruso, Univ of Massachusetts, East Wareham, MA Remulo A. Carvalho, EMEPA-PB, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil Claudia A.N. Casalongue, Univ. of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Alan C. Cassells, Univ College Cork, Cork, Ireland Claudia V. Castell-Miller, Afton, MN John D. Castello, State Univ of New York, Syracuse, NY Luisa F. Castiblanco, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Nancy P. Castilla, Intl Rice Research Inst, Metro Manila, Philippines Juan D. Castillo, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Pablo Castillo, Inst Agricultura Sostenible CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Raul O. Castillo, PhD, FIADE CINCAE, Guayaquil, Ecuador Lisa A. Castlebury, USDA ARS SBML, Beltsville, MD Raffaello Castoria, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy Marco Castro, PhD, Dole Fresh Fruit, Miami, FL Anita Castro Sparks, STA Labs, Gilroy, CA Mursel Catal, East Lansing, MI Sergio Catastini, Galleno (FI), Italy Robert A. Cating, Univ of Florida, Homestead, FL Nora J. Catlin, Cornell Cooperative Extension, Riverhead, NY Catharine Catranis, SUNY Cortland, Fabius, NY Jason Cavatorta, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Craig A. Cavin, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Frederick, MD Fred Ceballos, Euro American Propagators LLC, Bonsall, CA Jack T. Cecil, Univ of Wyoming, Lingle, WY Franci Celar, PhD, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia Michael J. Celetti, OMAFRA, Guelph, ON, Canada Raymond F. Cerkauskas, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada Silvija Cerni, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Felix A. Cervantes, Univ of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID Raziye Cetinkaya-Yildiz, Univ of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey Jae-Soon Cha, Chungbuk National Univ, Cheongju Chungbuk, South Korea Nadia Chacko, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Kelly Michelle Chacon, Pembroke Pines, FL B. B. Chaddha, New Delhi, India Patcharavipa Chaijuckam, Univ of Califorinia, Davis, CA Nanda Chakraborty, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Stanton, MN Jennifer L. Chaky, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA David B. Chalkley, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA Paul H. Chaloux, USDA, Riverdale, MD Srinivasa Rao Chaluvadi, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Girigowda Chaluvaraju, Nunhems Seeds Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India Alan Chambers, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT LaShawnda Chambliss-Bush, USDA ARS, Athens, GA Chiradej Chamswarng, Kasetsart Univ, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Ashok K. Chanda, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA

Muni Chandrashekar, Bangalore, India Chung-Jan Chang, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Kan-Fa Chang, Alberta Agric & Food, Lacombe, AB, Canada Ming-Mei Chang, SUNY-Geneseo, Geneseo, NY Peta-Gaye S. Chang, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Pi-Fang Linda Chang, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung City, Taiwan Rep of China Ruey-Jang Chang, Permanent Mission of Taiwan, Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Sungyul Chang, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Taehyun Chang, PhD, Sangju National Univ, Sangju, Korea Tsu Liang Chang, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Venkataramana Chapara, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Amy O. Charkowski, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Nikki D. Charlton, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Raghavan Charudattan, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Ann R. Chase, Chase Horticultural Research Inc, Mount Aukum, CA Thomas E. Chase, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Gary A. Chastagner, Washington State Univ, Puyallup, WA Elisavet K. Chatzivassiliou, Democritus Univ of Thrace, N. Orestiada, Greece Virendra S. Chauhan, New Delhi, India J. Jesus Chavez Alparo, Michoacana Univ of San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Uruapan Michoacan, Mexico Alicia Chavez-Medina, CIIDIR - Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico Supannee Cheewawiriyakul, Seminis Vegetable Seeds Co Ltd, Chiang Rai, Thailand Dan O. Chellemi, USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL Baoshan Chen, Guangxi Univ, Guangxi, Peoples Rep of China Chang-Jun Chen, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Chao-Shien Chen, Lins Inc, Provo, UT Chao-Ying Chen, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Chien-Hua Chen, AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan Rep of China Chiliang Chen, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Chunquan Chen, Agribiotics Inc, Cambridge, ON, Canada De-Shiu Chen, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Gongyou Chen, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Jianchi Chen, USDA ARS PWA, Parlier, CA Li-Fang Chen, Univ of California, Davis, CA Mo-Mei Chen, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Pengyin Chen, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Qiao L. Chen, Harris Moran Seed Co, Modesto, CA Qinghe Chen, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry Univ, Fujian, Ruey-Shyang Chen, Natl Chiayi Univ, Chiayi, Taiwan Rep of China Senyu Chen, Univ of Minnesota, Waseca, MN Songbiao Chen, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Tsung-Chi Chen, Asia Univ, Wufeng, Taichung Cnty, Taiwan Rep of China Wanquan Chen, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China

Weidong Chen, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Weiliang Chen, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Xianming Chen, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA Xiaolin Chen, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Xujun Chen, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Yu Chen, Madison, WI Yu Chen, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Yuh-Kun Chen, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Yuting Chen, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Zhi-Yuan Chen, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Davis W. Cheng, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Mingyuan Cheng, College Station, TX Peng Cheng, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Ying Huey Cheng, PhD, Taichung Coun, Taiwan Rep of China Yuqin Cheng, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Pen C. Cheo, Buena Park, CA Susan Cheplick, Nourse Farms Inc, South Deerfield, MA Meyer Chessin, Univ of Montana, Missoula, MT Ilan Chet, Hebrew Univ, Rehovet, Israel Chu-Hui Chiang, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Changhua, Taiwan Rep of China Kuo-Szu Chiang, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Luigi Chiarappa, Livermore, CA Takuya Chiba, Sakata Seed Co Ltd, Shizuoka-Ken, Japan Marcus Chibucos, Bowling Green, OH Alexander Chichuk, Cumberland, IN Pissawan Chiemsombat, Kasetsart Univ Kamp, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Martin I. Chilvers, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Buncha Chinnasri, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Flora V. Chisholm, Florida Memorial Univ, Hollywood, FL Stephen T. Chisholm, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Periasamy Chitrampalam, Tucson, AZ David J. Chitwood, USDA, Beltsville, MD Stephen M. Chmiel, Bayer CropScience, Seymour, IL John J. Cho, Univ of Hawaii, Kula, HI Jung Hee Cho, Chungbuk National Univ, Cheongju, Korea Il-Ryong Choi, Intl Rice Research Inst, Metro Manila, Philippines Young-Jin Choi, Kyonggido Agric Res & Ext Svcs, Kyonggi-Do, South Korea Godfrey Chongo, Bayer CropScience, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Thin-Meiw Choo, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Vijay Kumar Choppakatla, Atlanta, GA Chi-Kuen Steve Chou, Rotorua, New Zealand Elia Choueiri, Lebanese Agric Research Inst, Zahli, Lebanon Barbara J. Christ, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Shawn Christensen, Texas A&M, College Station, TX Rock Christiano, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Morgan L. Christie, Agripath Inc, Newberry, FL Richard G. Christie, Agripath Inc, Newberry, FL Sofia Noemi Chulze, Univ Nacional De Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina 77

Forrest G. Chumley, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS David T. Chun, Clemson, SC Se-Chul Chun, Kon-Kuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea Chia-Lin Chung, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Hoo-Sup Chung, Suwon, South Korea Kuang-Ren Chung, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Young Ryun Chung, Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Jinju, South Korea Alice C. Churchill, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Aurelio Ciancio, CNR Ist Per La Protezione Delle Piante, Bari, Italy Christian Cilas, CIRAD CP, Montpellier, France Jessica Ciomperlik, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Gabriella G. Cirvilleri, PhD, Univ of Catania, Catania, Italy Fiorella M. Cisneros, The Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Ahmet Citir, Namik Kemal Univ, Tekirdag, Turkey Vitaly Citovsky, Suny At Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY Lynda M. Ciuffetti, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Antonio Vicent Civera, Instituto Agroforestal Mediterraneo, Alboraya (Valencia), Spain Edwin L. Civerolo, USDA ARS PWA, Parlier, CA Anthony J. Clark, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Christopher A. Clark, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Bruce B. Clarke, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Murray K. Clayton, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI David L. Clement, Univ of Maryland, Ellicott City, MD Robert G. Clement, USDA APHIS PPQ, Morgan Hill, CA Jennifer M. Clifford, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Molly N. Cline, Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO Steven D. Cline, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO William O. Cline, North Carolina State Univ, Castle Hayne, NC Steven J. Clough, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL Gerard R. G. Clover, Ministry of Agric & Forestry, Auckland, New Zealand Raymond A. Cloyd, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Gitta Laurel Coaker, Univ of California, Davis, CA Stella Melugin Coakley, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Phyllis L. Coates-Beckford, Univ of West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica Ann C. Cobb, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Fields W. Cobb, Jr., Sagle, ID Joshua Cobb, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT William T. Cobb, Cobb Consulting Services, Kennewick, WA Alex Cochran, Syngenta Crop Protection, Granite Bay, CA Carol E. Cochrane, CAS, Columbus, OH Steve D. Cockreham, Sepro Corp, Carmel, IN Brady P. Code, Syngenta Canada, Kitchener, ON, Canada Rosalee A. Coelho Netto, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Michael D. Coffey, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Mortimer Cohen, Miami, FL Nancy D. Cohen, Campbell Soup Co, Davis, CA Ron Cohen, Agri Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel Susan D. Cohen, Center for Regulatory Research LLC, Roseville, MN Sylvan I. Cohen, Monroe Twp, NJ Yigal Cohen, Bar-Ilan Univ, Ramat-Gan, Israel Cliff Coker, Southeast Research & Ext Ctr, Monticello, AR Stephen F. Colbert, DuPont Crop Protection, Escalon, CA Glenn C. Colburn, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Jeneylyne F. Colcol, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Anthony B. Cole, Dakota Wesleyan Univ, Mitchell, SD 78

George J. Collier, HJ Heinz Co, Leamington, ON, Canada David B. Collinge, Univ of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark Alyssa A. Collins, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Bradley R. Collins, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Daniel J. Collins, Southern Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Alan Collmer, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Candace W. Collmer, Wells College, Aurora, NY Maria del Huerto Colombo, INTA EEA, Bella Vista Ctes, Argentina Julissa Colon Garay, Mycogen Seeds, Caguas, PR Susan J. Colucci, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Manuel Colunga-Garcia, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Patrick D. Colyer, Louisiana State Univ AgCenter, Bossier City, LA Ulrich Commandeur, Inst for Molecular Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany Jack C. Comstock, USDA ARS, Canal Point, FL Steven A. Conaway, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Vilma Cecilia Conci, INTA, Cordoba, Argentina Vergel C. Concibido, Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO Kenneth Conn, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, Canada Kevin E. Conn, Seminis Vegetable Seeds Inc, Woodland, CA Richard L. Conn, Conn & Smith Inc, Lorton, VA Joseph H. Connell, Univ of California Coop Ext, Oroville, CA Laurie B. Connell, PhD, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Kassie N. Conner, Wetumpka, AL Richard H. Converse, Corvallis, OR William S. Conway, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Allyn A. Cook, Gainesville, FL Douglas R. Cook, Univ of California, Davis, CA Gilbert E. Cook, Cook Ag Science Expertise, Spokane Valley, WA Kevin L. Cook, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Naples, FL R. James Cook, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Louise R. Cooke, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom Donald A. Cooksey, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Daniel R. Cooley, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Hans J. Cools, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom Leonard B. Coop, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Gary T. Cooper, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Robert J. Copeman, Univ of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Warren E. Copes, USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS David L. Coplin, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Tristan E. Coram, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Kenneth M. Corbett, Bowie, MD Billy R. Corbin, Jr., Valent USA Corp, Leland, MS Pilar Cordovilla, Univ De Jaen, Jaen, Spain Ben J. C. Cornelissen, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Maria R. Corral Garcia, A Coruna, Spain Fernando Correa, RiceTec Inc, Alvin, TX Valdir R. Correa, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Josias Correa De Faria, EMBRAPA-CNPAF, Santo Antonio De Goias, GO, Brazil Carolina Corredor, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia James C. Correll, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Paolo Cortesi, State University of Milan, Milano, Italy Barbara S. Corwin, Turfgrass Diagnostics LLC, Hallsville, MO Laura Costadone, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA

Stefano Costanzo, USDA ARS DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR Peter J. Cotty, USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ Janelle Counsell, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE James W. Counts, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Arnaud Cousin, BASF Agro, Ecully, France Teresa A. Coutinho, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of South Africa Jenny Cova-Moncada, Univ of Central Venezuela, Cabudare, Venezuela Sarah F. Covert, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Christina Cowger, USDA ARS, NCSU, Raleigh, NC Wallace A. Cowling, The Univ of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia David Cox, Syngenta Crop Protection, Madera, CA Kerik D. Cox, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY William D. Cox, Coxco Ag Service Inc, Las Cruces, NM W. John Coxeter, Brockport, NY Christine M Coyle, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Emerson Crabill, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Clara Ines Cragnolini, Univ Nacional De Cordoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina James P Craig, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Jeweus Craig, Charlotte, NC Michelle M. Cram, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA Julia M. Crane, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Kelly Craven, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Rebecca Creamer, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Jodi E. Creasap, Cornell Univ, Fredonia, NY Buford J. Creech, II, Southeast Ag & Turf Inc, Clermont, FL Tom C. Creswell, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Derek S. Crompton, Univ of Minnesota, Roseau, MN Morgan L. Cromwell, Univ of Vermont, Burlington, VT Kevin M. Crosby, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Donald F. Crossan, Newark, DE James M. Crosslin, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA JoAnne Crouch, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Pedro W. Crous, Centraalbureau Voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Netherlands Aldo J. Crovetti, A J Crovetti & Associates Inc, Lake Forest, IL Robert V. Crow, Ames, IA William T. Crow, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Frederick Crowe, Redding, CA Christian D. Cruz, Wooster, OH Luisa F. Cruz, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Cesar A. Cruz V., Euroamerican Bussines S.A., Lima, IL, Peru Alex S. Csinos, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Ramon Cu, PHILSURIN, Bacolod City, Philippines Jaime Cubero, INIA, Madrid, Spain Marc A. Cubeta, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Jim D. Cucuzza, Weed, CA Yazmin Cuervo Usan, UNAM FES Cuautitlan, Naucalpan, Mexico Albert K. Culbreath, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA James N. Culver, Univ of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, College Park, MD Jaime A. Cummings, Sedro Wolley, WA Barry M. Cunfer, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Diane A. Cuppels, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada Mirna Curkevic Perica, Univ of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Elroy A. Curl, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Thomas J. Curley, Jr., Ames, IA Kenneth J. Curry, Univ of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS S. Gary Custis, PBI Gordon Corp, Kansas City, MO Bogdan M. Cvjetkovic, Univ of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Henryk Czosnek, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel John V. Da Graca, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Luiz Adolfo Da Silva, Sao Paulo, Brazil Marcos Paulo Da Silva, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Alexandre Da Silva Conceicao, DuPont Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE Fouad Daayf, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Randy P. Dahl, No St Paul, MN Juni Dai, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of China Yuntao Dai, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR James L. Dale, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Gustavo R. Daleo, Univ Nacional De Mar Del Plata, Mar Del Plata, Argentina Mike R. Daley, Land & Sea Organics Inc, Modesto, CA Josef Dalla Via, Bressanone, Bolzano, Italy Cynthia M. B. Damasceno, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Hattie R. Dambroski, USDA ARS CDL, St Paul, MN John P. Damicone, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Vernon D. Damsteegt, USDA ARS NAA FDWSRU, Fort Detrick, MD Dariush Danesh, Atlanta, GA Phat Dang, USDA ARS, Dawson, GA Jeffrey L. Daniels, West Des Moines, IA Solveig Danielsen, Copenhagen S, Denmark Saeed Darabi, Fars Agric Research Center, Fars, Zargan, Iran Robert M. Darby, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, United Kingdom Cleora J. D’Arcy, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Christopher D. Dardick, USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV Puneet Dargan, New Delhi, India Ranju Dargan, New Delhi, India Ellis F. Darley, Cashmere, WA Norman L. Dart, Washington State Univ, Puyallup, WA Indranil Dasgupta, Univ of Delhi, New Delhi, India Lawrence E. Datnoff, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Margaret E. Daub, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Margery L. Daughtrey, Cornell Univ, Riverhead, NY Jean-Heinrich J. Daugrois, CIRAD, Petit Bourge, FWI, Guadeloupe Paul L. Daum, Parkland, FL Anita L. Davelos Baines, Univ of Texas Pan American, Edinburg, TX Monica A. David, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Nicholas David, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Paul J. David, Gowan Co, Lititz, PA Jennifer A. Davidson, SARDI, Adelaide, SA, Australia Jennifer M. Davidson, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Rebecca Davidson, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Robert D. Davidson, Colorado State Univ, Center, CO Donald D. Davis, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Eric L. Davis, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC James R. Davis, Univ of Idaho R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID Jeffrey A. Davis, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Lilly H. Davis, Los Angeles, CA 79

Mark A. Davis, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Michael J. Davis, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL R. Mike Davis, Univ of California, Davis, CA Richard F. Davis, USDA ARS, Tifton, GA Richard I. Davis, NAQS AQIS, Mareeba, QLD, Australia Robert A. Davis, Chemtura Corp, Middlebury Ct, Cheshire, CT Robert E. Davis, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Robert G. Davis, Belden, MS Catherine Davis Gray, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI William O. Dawson, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Brad Day, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Peter R. Day, New Port Richey, FL Steven J. Day, Day & Associates, Littleton, CO Marjan De Boer, Lisse, Netherlands Solke H. De Boer, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlottetown, PE, Canada Paul J. De Figueiredo, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Marta Cristina De Filipi, PhD, EMBRAPA-CNPAF, Santo Antonio De Goiania, GO, Brazil Erik De Groot, NUNHEMS ITALY SRL, S Agata Bolognese (BO), Italy Simon J. De Hoop, East West Seed Co Ltd, Chiang Mai, Thailand Ronnie De Jonge, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands Jacq de Koning, Western Seed, Naaldwijk, Netherlands Laura de la Canal, Univ of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Leonardo De La Fuente, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Rodolfo Almaraz De La Torre, FES-IZTACALA UNAM, Mexico, D.F., Mexico Carola Maria De La Torre Cuba, Ohio State Univ, Ohio, OH Nilceu R. X. De Nazareno, IAPAR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil Patricia de Sa, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Estela de Silva Guerreiro, Amerciras-Gare, Portugal Antonio De Vicente, Univ of Malaga, Malaga, Spain Erick D. De Wolf, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Michael Leonard Deadman, Sultan Qaboos Univ, Al Khod, Oman Kenneth L. Deahl, Silver Spring, MD Ralph A. Dean, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Eduardo A. Debrot, Caracas, Venezuela Erik DeBruyne, SESVANDERHAVE N.V., Tienen, Belgium Dorian D. DeDene, Three C’s Landscaping, East Pointe, MI Charles Antoine Dedryver, INRA, Le Rheu, CEDEX, AZ, France Rosalia Deeken, Univ of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany Ira W. Deep, Worthington, OH Genevieve J. Defago, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zurich (IBZ), Zurich, Switzerland Hamid Dehghani, PhD, Tarbiat Modarres Univ, Tehran, Iran Johan Dekker, Wageningen, Netherlands Luis del Rio, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Agnes Delaunay, INRA, Le Rheu, France Rick W. Delbridge, Delbridge Disease Management, Kentville, NS, Canada Wim Deleu, Ramiro Arnedo S.A., Almeria, Spain Javier A. Delgado, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Santiago Delgado-Sanchez, San Juan, D.F., Mexico Catia Delmiglio, Waitakere, New Zealand Charles J. Delp, Tampa, FL 80

Afsaneh Delpasand, Univ of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Anne DeMarsay, Univ of Maryland, Upper Marlboro, MD Michael S. DeMilia, DeMilia Research, Raleigh, NC Semra Demir, Univ of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey Tina Demsar, Natl Inst of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia Alana Den Breeyen, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Rep of South Africa Shauna P. Dendy, USDA, Manhattan, KS Ting-Chin Deng, Taiwan Agric Research Inst, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Xiaoling Deng, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Yizhen Deng, Natl Univ of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Sandra Denman, Forest Research, Farnham, Surrey, United Kingdom Timothy P. Denny, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Charles E. Denver, CRC Ag Consulting, Watson, AR Carl M. Deom, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Wilhelm Dercks, Fachhochschule Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany Michael L. Derie, Washington State Univ, Mt Vernon, WA Peter H. Dernoeden, Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD Johan Desaeger, DuPont Crop Protection, Newark, DE Anne E. Desjardins, USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Peoria, IL Mardi L. Desjardins, Crop Diagnostic Ctr, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Usha Dev, Natl Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India James E. DeVay, Univ of California, Davis, CA Megan M. Dewdney, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Pierre J. deWit, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands Francesco Di Serio, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerrche, Bari, Italy Stephanie Diallo, Rouen Univ, Evreux, France Jose C. Dianese, PhD, Universidade de Brasilia de Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Ana Paula S. Dias, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Francsico J. Diaz, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Carmen Diaz-Andreu, Bayer CropScience S.L., Brenes, Spain Maria Mercedes Diaz-Arias, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Jose M. Diaz-Minguez, Univ Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Michael W. Dick, Univ of Reading, Kingsbridge, Devon, United Kingdom Rebecca May Dickenson, Valent BioSciences, Long Grove, IL Allan Dickerman, Virginia Bioinformatics Inst, Blacksburg, VA Ottie J. Dickerson, Clemson, SC M. Bess Dicklow, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Martin B. Dickman, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Donald W. Dickson, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Elizabeth Dickson, Clovis, CA Jean-Patrick Didier, Cargill, Fort Collins, CO Susan V. Diehl, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Andrew C. Diener, Univ of California, Los Angeles, CA Theodor O. Diener, Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD Urban L. Diener, Auburn, AL Robert F. Dietrich, DuPont Crop Protection, Newark, DE Ralf G. Dietzgen, Dept of Primary Industries & Fisheries, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Matthew V. DiLeo, Davis, CA Helene R. Dillard, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Ruth Dill-Macky, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN

Susana Dimas, Inst Tecnologico De Tlajomulco, Tlajomulco De Zuniga, Mexico Jerome E. Dimitman, Covina, CA Lidya Dimitrova, Central Lab for Plant Quarantine, Samokov, Bulgaria Michael B. Dimock, Certis USA, Columbia, MD Sheng-Li Ding, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Shou-Wei Ding, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Xinshun Ding, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Louis V. Dinitto, Nunhems USA, Brooks, OR Amos Dinoor, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Jacques Dintinger, CIRAD, St Pierre Reunion Is, France Marlies Dissevelt, Koppert Biological Systems BV, Berkel En Rodenrijs, Netherlands Christina Dixelius, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden Edward W. Dixon, Lexington, KY Slavica Zarija Djonovic, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Annika M. Djurle, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden Jeffrey H. Dobbs, OHP, Inc, Roswell, GA Sharon M. Dobesh, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Katherine F. Dobinson, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada James L. Dodd, Professional Seed Research Inc, Sugar Grove, IL Harshavardhan Doddapaneni, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Allan Dodds, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Nathan Dodds, JJ Mauget Co, Arcadia, CA Jeff Dodson, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Oxnard, CA M. Timur Doken, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Thomas E. Dolan, Butler Univ, Indianapolis, IN Andrea Dolezal, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC William E. Dolezal, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA David A. Doll, Univ of California, Merced, CA Michel Dollet, CIRAD BIOS, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France Leslie L. Domier, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL Jacques Dommes, Univ of Liege, Liege, Belgium Ryan S. Donahoo, USDA ARS, Charleston, SC Patricia A. Donald, USDA ARS, Jackson, TN Hansong Dong, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Weibo Dong, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Irwin Ronaldo Donis Gonzalez, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Siriporn Donnua, Kasetsart Univ, Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand Nicole M. Donofrio, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Fiona Doohan, Univ College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland Federico Dorati, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Anne E. Dorrance, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Richard Dorset, Morrisville, NC Daniel Dostaler, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Mark A. Doster, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Huating Dou, BASF, Dinuba, CA Sharon M. Douglas, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, New Haven, CT Greg W. Douhan, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Roberta L. Dow, Michigan State Univ, Traverse City, MI William M. Dowler, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Leslie J. Dowley, Oak Park Research Center, Carlow, Ireland

Arthur James Downer, Univ of California Coop Ext Svc, Ojai, CA Martin A. Draper, USDA CSREES, Washington, DC Tyler J. Dreaden, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Andre Drenth, Indooroopilly Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Ivan Dressler Da Costa, Univ Federal De Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil George F. Driever, Oklahoma State Univ, Muskogee, OK James Driver, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Ian B. Dry, CSIRO Plant Industry, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia Lindsey J. du Toit, Washington State Univ, Mt Vernon, WA Xiayu Duan, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Yongping Duan, USDA ARS USHRL, Fort Pierce, FL Valmir Duarte, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil H. Jesse Dubin, Frederick, MD Nicholas S. Dufault, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA James E. Duffus, Salinas, CA Brion K. Duffy, Swiss Federal Research Station, Wadenswil, Switzerland Frank M. Dugan, USDA ARS WRPIS, Pullman, WA Kristopher M. Dulmer, Bartlett Tree Experts, Syracuse, NY C. Korsi Dumenyo, Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN Robert Wayne Duncan, Univ of California, Davis, CA Roger A. Duncan, Univ of California Coop Ext Svc, Modesto, CA Jeremiah K. S. Dung, Washington State University, Pullman, WA John M. Duniway, Univ of California, Davis, CA Larry D. Dunkle, USDA ARS, West Lafayette, IN Robert A. Dunn, Scottsville, VA Srinivasan Durairaj, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Luis Fernando Duran, FHIA, San Pedro Sula, Cortes, Honduras Roger Durand, Univ du Littoral, Calais, France Tim Durham, Gainesville, FL Mathieu Dusabenyagasani, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada James Dutkiewicz, Meiji Techno America, Santa Clara, CA Ethel M. Dutky, Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD Bhabesh Dutta, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Katrina B. Duttweiler, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Etienne M. Duveiller, CIMMYT, Mexico City, Mexico Alan T. Dyer, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Douglas Dziuban, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Darin M. Eastburn, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Gene D. Easton, Prosser, WA Ken C. Eastwell, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Daniel J. Ebbole, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Michelle A. Eberle, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Lori G. Eckhardt, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL Brooke Aurora Edmunds, North Carolina State Univ, Morrisville, NC H. Herbert Edwards, Western Illinois Univ, Macomb, IL Michael C. Edwards, USDA ARS, Fargo, ND Ryan Edwards, Winchester, IN Roger J. Effertz, Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO Daniel S. Egel, Purdue University, Vincennes, IN Alan L. Eggenberger, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Jordan E. Eggers, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Ramiro Eguiguren, Asistec, Quito, Ecuador Robert C. Ehn, R3 Ag Consulting LLC, Clovis, CA 81

Syed Ehteshamul-Haque, Univ of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan Ahmed E. Eid, Mansoura Univ, El-Mansoura, Egypt Sahar Eid, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Georgia C. Eizenga, USDA ARS DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR Cafer Eken, PhD, Ataturk Univ, Erzurum, Turkey Abul K. M. Ekramoddoullah, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, BC, Canada Yigal Elad, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Fritz N. Elango, Earth Univ, San Jose, Costa Rica Mervat E. Elaraby, Vacaville, CA Sawsan Y. Elateek, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Sean D. Eldredge, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Mohamed H. El-Habbak, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Said A. K. El-Hassan, Reading Univ, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom Lo-Pelzer Elise, Natl Inst of Agronomy Research (INRA), Thiverval-Grignon, France Maged T. El-Kahky, Mansoura Univ, El-Mansoura, Egypt John R. Elkins, Beaver, WV Axel Elling, Yale Univ, New Haven, CT Albert H. Ellingboe, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Arthur M. Elliot, Lubbock, TX Clare R. Elliott, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Marianne Elliott, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, BC, Canada Monica L. Elliott, Univ of Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL Vern J. Elliott, Bakersfield, CA Margaret Lee Ellis, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Mike A. Ellis, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Peter Ellis, Phyto Diagnostics Co Ltd, North Saanich, BC, Canada Sarah D. Ellis, Ohio State Univ, Wilmington, OH Alex R. Ellram, State Uinv of New York, Cobleskill, NY Mohamed A. El-Meleigi, Qassim Univ, Burydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia Wade H. Elmer, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, New Haven, CT Nehal S. El-Mougy, PhD, Natl Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Khaled Abbas El-Tarabily, United Arab Emirates Univ, Al-Ain, UAE Kamal M. El-Zik, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Robert M. Endo, Riverside, CA Scott A. Enebak, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Esteban A. Engel, Fundacion Ciencia Para la Vida, Santiago, RM, Chile Christine J. Engelbrecht, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Arthur W. Engelhard, Bradenton, FL Larry Englander, Univ of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI James T. English, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO W. Harley English, Univ of California, Davis, CA Catherine A. Entwistle, The Turf Disease Centre, Bramley, Hampshire, United Kingdom Junichiro Enya, Mikado Kyowa Seed Co Ltd, Chiba, Japan Abraham H. Epstein, Bradenton, FL Anas Eranthodi, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Mervyn J. Erb, Erb Crop Management Systems Inc, Brucefield, ON, Canada Gian L. Ercolani, Univ Degli Studi Di Bari, Bari, Italy Catherine J. Erhardt, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Omer O. Erincik, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Donald C. Erwin, Riverside, CA

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Enrique Escoto Garcia, La Hortaliza, Yureccuaro Michuacan, Mexico Brian C. Eshenaur, Cornell IPM Program, Rochester, NY Akif Eskalen, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Paul Esker, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Adriana Espinosa, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Margaret Essenberg, Oklahoma State Univ, Eugene, OR Anthony L. Estes, United Phosphorus Inc, Walhalla, SC Consuelo Estevez deJensen, Univ of Puerto Rico, Juana Diaz, PR Conrad K. Evans, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Neal Evans, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom Thomas A. Evans, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Lynn S. Evans-Goldner, USDA APHIS PPQ EDP, Riverdale, MD Sydney E. Everhart, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Merle G. Eversmeyer, Manhattan, KS Kellye A. Eversole, Eversole Associates, Bethesda, MD Kathryne L. Everts, Univ of Maryland College Park, Salisbury, MD Hugh W. Ewart, California Citrus Quality Council, Auburn, CA Alieta Eyles, CRC Foresty/ TIAR, Hobart, TAS, Australia David Ezra, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Veronica Fabiana Consolo, FIBA Conicet, Mar Del Plata, BA, Argentina Anna-Liisa Fabritius, PhD, Agri-Analysis LLC, Davis, CA Julius E. Fajardo, Chemtura Corporation, Middlebury, CT Ahmad M. Fakhoury, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Jennifer S. Falacy, Washington State Dept of Agric, Olympia, WA Igor Falak, Pioneer Hi-Bred Prod Ltd, Caledon, ON, Canada Rick Falconer, American Takii Inc, Salinas, CA Bryce W. Falk, Univ of California, Davis, CA Stuart P. Falk, Scotts Miracle-Gro Co, Marysville, OH Elazar Fallik, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Zaifeng Fan, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Chong-Tah Fang, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Weigang, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Eric G. G. Fang, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Zhiwei Fang, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Michael Hanna Farag Abd El-Sayed, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Giza, Egypt James J. Farrar, California State Univ, Fresno, CA Steven R. Farrington, Gowan Co, Auburn, AL Shirin Farzadfar, Plant Pests & Diseases Research Inst, Tehran, Iran Patricia L. Fashing, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Travis R. Faske, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX Abdolrahman Fassihiani, Fars Agric Research Center, Fars, Zargan, Iran M’Barek Fatmi, Inst Agronomique Et Vet Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco Jerome R. Faulkner, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Claude M. Fauquet, ILTAB, St Louis, MO Francesco Favaron, Univ Di Padova, Legnaro, Italy Marla Faver, BioWorks, Robertsdale, AL Syed F. Fazli, Plantboy Inc, Coral Springs, FL Nicolas Feau, Natural Resources Canada, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada Vicente J. Febres, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL William A. Feder, Univ of Massachusetts, Waltham, MA Gao Fei, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO

Martin Feinstein, USDA APHIS PPQ, West Orange, NJ Merari Feliciano-Rivera, Lexington, KY John P. Fellers, USDA ARS PSERU, Manhattan, KS Jianjun Feng, USDA, Fort Detrick, MD Sun Feng, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Yan Feng, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China L. Feng Shan, Taipei, AP, Taiwan Rep of China Brennan A. Ferguson, Ferguson Forest Pathology Consulting Inc, Missoula, MT Lisa M. Ferguson, USDA APHIS, Raleigh, NC Gustavo A. Fermin-Munoz, Univ De Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela Jessie Fernandez, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Sylvia P. Fernandez Pavia, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico Dilantha G. Fernando, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Francis J. Ferrandino, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, New Haven, CT Marisa V. Ferreira, Universidade de BrasĂ­lia (UnB), Brasilia, DF, Brazil Antonio Carolos Ferreira Da Silva, Univ Federal De Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Donald M. Ferrin, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Virginia R. Ferris, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Jesus A. Ferro, Alellyx Applied Genomics, Campinas, SP, Brazil Rosa Lilia Ferrucho, Univ Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia Allison E. Ferry, Fresno, CA Anania Fessehaie, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Thomas G. Fetch, Jr., Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Jody L. Fetzer, Bethesda, MD Riccardo Fiaccadori, Univ of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Elizabeth Jeanne Fichtner, Davis, CA Andrea Ficke, Rijkzwaan Seed Co, Leiden, Netherlands Michael A. Fidanza, Penn State Univ, Reading, PA Aubry E. Field, Ball Horticultural Co, West Chicago, IL Jose Francisco Figueiredo, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Pedro Figueroa, INIFAP, Cd. Obregon, Sonora, Mexico Theodore H. Filer, Murfreesboro, TN Martin Filion, Univ of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada Maria R. Finckh, Univ of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany Siegfried Fink, Inst fur Forstbotanik, Freiburg, Germany Christine M. Fishell, Colorado State Univ Extension, Brighton, CO Alison J. Fisher, PhD, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA Wayne Fithian, Golden Harvest Seeds, Waterloo, NE Joe E. Flaherty, Coker College, Hartsville, SC Barbara K. Fleener, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Jo-Ann G. W. Fleming, College Station, TX Dana M. Flemming, Manhattan, KS Jacqueline Fletcher, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Norma Cristina Flor, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Jonathan P. Flora, Mycogen Seeds, Sidney, IL Simona Florea, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Joseph V. Florentine, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Juan Flores, Univ Nac Agraria La Molina, Lima PE, Peru Marco A. Flores, Guatemala, Guatemala

Ricardo Flores, IBMCP UPV CSIC, Valencia, Spain Zomary Flores, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Hilda Elizabet Flores Moctezuma, Centro De Desarrollo De Productos Bioticos, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico Alberto Flores-Olivas, Univ Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico Crystal M. Floyd, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Leah E. Floyd, Cary, NC Walter Fluckiger, Inst for Applied Plant Biology, Schonenbuch, Switzerland Robert Fluhr, Weizmann Inst of Science, Rehovot, Israel Tom Fogal, Univ of New Hampshire, Durham, NH Nyckle J. Fokkema, Renkum, Netherlands Dean C. Foley, Missoula, MT Svetlana Yu Folimonova, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Dayo Oladimeji Folorunso, Federal Univ of Technology, Agege, Akure, Nigeria Rebecca E. Fontenot, Pennsylvania State Univ, State College, PA Stephen R. Foor, DuPont Agricultural Products, Newark, DE Gregory A. Forbes, International Potato Center, Miami, FL Kevin P. Ford, Keithly-Williams Seeds, Yuma, AZ Pamela D. Ford, Dekalb, IL Richard E. Ford, Corvallis, OR Claude Fordyce, Jr., Longwood Biological Lab, Avondale, PA Daniel E. Forey, Bio Research, Fresno, CA Angus H. Forgan, Australian Wine Research Inst, Adelaide, Australia Thomas A. Forge, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, BC, Canada Helga C. Forster, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Robert L. Forster, Twin Falls, ID Bruce A. Fortnum, Clemson Univ, Florence, SC Andrew John Foster, Inst of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Kaiserslautern, Germany Virginia Foster, Longview, WA Lorianne Fought, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Deidre D. Fourie, ARC - Grain Crops Inst, Potchefstroom, Rep of South Africa Bart B. Fraaije, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom Bruce R. Fraedrich, Bartlett Tree Research Lab, Charlotte, NC Stephen W. Fraedrich, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA Saul Fraire, Univ Autonoma de Zacatecas, Guadalupe, Zacatecas, Mexico Gary D. Franc, Univ of Wyoming, Laramie, WY Rene A. France, Sociedad Consultora Virion Ltda, Chillan, Chile Marta I. Francis-Mastalli, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL William L. Franck, Columbia, MO Emmanuel Franco, Aracaju, SE, Brazil Erin E. Frank, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT James A. Frank, Temecula, CA Susan J. Frankel, USDA FS Pacific Southwest Res Station, Albany, CA Melodee L. Fraser, Pure Seed Testing Inc, Rolesville, NC Carol A. Frate, Univ of California Coop Ext Svc, Tulare, CA Deborah R. Fravel, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Lafayette Frederick, Howard Univ, Washington, DC Reid Frederick, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Fort Detrick, MD Richard A. Frederiksen, Albuquerque, NM Dave Fredrickson, Li-Cor Inc, Lincoln, NE 83

Brian C. Freeman, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Stanley Freeman, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Jim Frelich, J. R. Frelich and Associates, Salem, OR Christopher J. French, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada Edward R. French, International Potato Ctr - Lima Peru, Miami, FL Jason M. French, New Mexico State Univ Coop Extension, Las Cruces, NM Ned M. French, II, Plant Health Care Inc, Little Rock, AR Richard C. French, Frederick, MD Roy C. French, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE Ronald D. French-Monar, PhD, AgriLife Extension-Texas A&M, Amarillo, TX Pascal Frey, INRA, Champenoux, France Travis Frey, PhD, Monsanto Co, Huxley, IA Padruot M. Fried, Meilen, Switzerland Wolfgang Friedt, Justus Liebig Univ, Giessen, Germany Timothy L. Friesen, USDA ARS, Fargo, ND Nathan T. Froese, BASF Canada, Winkler, MB, Canada Ken Frost, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI James D. Froyd, Bryson City, NC William E. Fry, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Jeffrey Frye, North Carolina State Univ, West End, NC Yanping Fu, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Jacques Gabriel Fuchs, Biophyt Ltd, Mellikon, Switzerland Marc Fuchs, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Leopold A. Fucikovsky, Inst De Fitosanidad, Montecillo, C.P., Mexico Segundo S. Fuentes, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru Irazema Fuentes-Bueno, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Guillermo Fuentes-Davila, INIFAP, Campo Exp Valle Del Yaqui, Cd Obregon Sonora, CP, Mexico Judith A. Fugiel, Valent BioSciences Corp, Long Grove, IL Masaaki Fujiki, Fraunhofer USA, Newark, DE Makoto Fujimura, Univ of Toyo, Gunma, Japan Romulo Fujito Kobori, Sakata Seed Sudamerica Ltda, Braganca Paulista, SP, Brazil Kenji Fukuda, Univ of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Ryo Fukui, Utsunomiya Univ, Utsunomiya Tochigi, Japan Dennis W. Fulbright, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Bruce A. Fulling, Heartland Technologies, Fishers, IN Joseph P. Fulton, Fayetteville, AR Robert H. Fulton, Midlothian, VA Deanna L. Funnell, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE Hiromitsu Furuya, Akita Prefectural Univ, Akita, Japan Dean W. Gabriel, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Angela N. Gadino, California Polytechnic State Univ, San Luis Obispo, CA David M. Gadoury, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY James M. Gaggero, BASF Corp, Citrus Heights, CA Alvaro Leon Gaitan, National Coffee Research Center, Chinchina, Caldas, Colombia Liane R. Gale, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Krishna K. Gali, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Mannon E. Gallegly, Jr., West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Laura L. Gallegos, Univ of California, Davis, CA Dale J. Gallenberg, Univ of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI Donato Gallitelli, Univ Degli Studi Di Bari, Bari, Italy 84

Jean Galloway, Dept of Agric & Food WA, Northam, WA, Australia Courtney A. Gallup, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Amit A. Gal-On, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagon, Israel Leny C. Galvez, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Aakansha Gambhir, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Abraham Gamliel, ARO Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Efrat Gamliel-Atinsky, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Bet Dagan, Israel Philipp B. Gannibal, All-Russian Inst of Plant Protection, St Petersburg, Pushkin, Russia Paul Gans, Plant Health Management, Cambridge, United Kingdom Bingli Gao, Divergence Inc, St Louis, MO Jie Gao, Jilin Agric Univ, Changchun, Peoples Rep of China Li Gao, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Liangliang Gao, Univ of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN Weimin Gao, Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ Xiquan Gao, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Xuebiao Gao, Idaho Food Quality Assurance Lab, Twin Falls, ID Xuewen Gao, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Yun Cai Gao, Neova Technologies Inc, Abbotsford, BC, Canada Zhimou Gao, Anhui Agric Univ, Hefei, Peoples Rep of China Edith Garay-Serrano, Tarimbaro, Mich., Mexico Matteo M. Garbelotto, Univ of California Coop Ext, Berkeley, CA Nicholas P. Garber, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Freddy Garces, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Javier A. Garces, Skinner Nurseries, Bunnell, FL Celsa Garcia, Univ Nacl de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia German Garcia, Sr., Corpoica, Fundacion Univ De Boyaca, Santa Fe De Bogota, Colombia Jose Garcia De La Rosa, Cd. Satelite, Edo, Mexico Fernando Garcia-Arenal, Univ Politecnica De Madrid, Madrid, Spain Raymond S. Garcia-Estrada, CIAD AC, Laredo, TX Romulo Garcia-Velasco, Michoacana Univ of San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Uruapan Michoacan, Mexico Stephanie Gardiner, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Donald E. Gardner, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Wayne S. Gardner, Woodland, CA Sunil Kumar Garg, Bhiwani, Haryana, India Samia Gargouri, INRAT, Ariana, Tunisia Angelo E. Garibaldi, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy Jerson M. Garita-Cambronero, Univ de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica Marie Garmier, Universite Paris-Sud 11, Orsay Cedex, France Stephen M. Garnsey, Fallbrook, CA Karen A. Garrett, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Wiley N. Garrett, Streetman, TX Eduardo R. Garrido-Ramirez, INIFAP Campo Experimental Centro de Chiapas, Ocozocoautla, Mexico Atenea Garza, Univ of Texas Pan American, Edinburg, TX Carla D. Garzon, PhD, College of Wooster, Wooster, OH Luz Nayibe Garzon Gutierrez, Univ Nacl de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia Walter Gassmann, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Emily W. Gatch, Seeds of Change, Seattle, WA Denis A. Gaudet, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada

Friedhelm Gauhl, Chiquita Brands Intl, Miami, FL Rajarshi Kumar Gaur, Umea Plant Science Centre, Umea, Sweden Pravin Gautam, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Frances Gawthrop, Tozer Seeds Ltd, Surrey, United Kingdom Romina Orietta Gazis, Howard Univ, Laurel, MD Clement Gboyega Afolabi, Ibadan, Nigeria Leila Geagea, PhD, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon Bradley D. Geary, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Ray M. Geddens, DuPont Ag & Nutrition, Newark, DE Andrew Geering, Dept of Primary Industries & Fisheries, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia Rene Gees, Schoenenbuch, Switzerland Birsen Gegioglu Erincik, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Hukam Singh Gehlot, Jodhpur, India Hartwig H. Geiger, Univ of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Otto Geiger, UNAM - CCG, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico Brian W. Geils, USDA Forest Service, Flagstaff, AZ David M. Geiser, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Steven D. Geist, Swingle Inc, Denver, CO Ruth K. Genger, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI David H. Gent, USDA ARS NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR Babu George, Plainfield, IL Laura L. Georgi, Clemson University, Clemson, SC Bart P. J. Geraats, Nunhems Netherlands BV, Haelen, Netherlands James W. Gerdemann, Yachats, OR Rose C. Gergerich, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Daniel J. Gerhardt, Wisconsin Dept of Agriculture, Madison, WI James S. Gerik, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Wolfgang W. P. Gerlach, Fachhochschule Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany Thomas L. German, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Carl-Henry Geschwind, Reston, VA Cesare V. Gessler, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Robert V. Gessner, Western Illinois Univ, Prescott, AZ Amanda J. Gevens, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Said A. Ghabrial, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Mahdi Ghanapour, Activsea, Cranford, NJ Kaveh Ghanbarnia, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Jamshid H. Ghazanfari, ElMacero, CA Godelieve Gheysen, Univ of Gent, Gent, Belgium Sita R. Ghimire, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Silvina L. Giammaria, Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial “Obispo Colombres”, Las Talitas, Tucuman, Argentina Leonard P. Gianessi, Crop Life Foundation, Washington, DC Amy J. Gibbs, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Donna M. Gibson, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Matthew Giese, Kansas City, KS Loren J. Giesler, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Gregory S. Gilbert, Univ of California, Santa Cruz, CA Jeannie A. Gilbert, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R. Gene Gilbert, Agro-Enviro Consultants Inc, Bozeman, MT Ross L. Gilbert, NSW Dept of Primary Industries, Orange, Australia Robert L. Gilbertson, Univ of California, Davis, CA Robert L. Gilbertson, Phoenix, AZ David G. Gilchrist, Univ of California, Davis, CA

Frederick E. Gildow, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Richard L. Giles, North Carolina Microbiology Laboratory, Lincolnton, NC Eelco Gilijamse, Rijk Zwaan BV, De Lier, Netherlands Bikram S. Gill, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS A. Graves Gillaspie, Jr., USDA ARS, Griffin, GA Jennifer L. Gillett, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Christopher A. Gilligan, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Daniel H. Gillman, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Daniel Gindrat, Bassins, Switzerland Roy E. Gingery, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH Martha C. Giraldo, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Ronald D. Gitaitis, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Jessie A. Glaeser, US Forest Service, Madison, WI Benjamin W. Glass, East Lansing, MI Jenny R. Glass, Puyallup, WA Dean A. Glawe, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA Judith A. Glazener, Bowie, MD Mark L. Gleason, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Morag Glen, CSIRO, Hobart, TAS, Australia Anthony E. Glenn, USDA ARS, Athens, GA Samuel J. Glucksman, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Viji Gnana Asir, Warner Robins, GA Samuel S. Gnanamanickam, Novozymes Biologicals Inc, Salem, VA Blair J. Goates, USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID Alberto Martin Gochez, EEA INTA Bella Vista, Bella Vista Corrientes, Argentina Andrea Godoy, Univ of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Graciela Godoy-Lutz, Bean/Cowpea CRSP, Lincoln, NE Ellen M. Goheen, USDA Forest Service, Central Point, OR Scott Evan Gold, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Julie J. Gold Steinberg, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Natalie P. Goldberg, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Polly H. Goldman, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Peter B. Goldsbrough, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Rob Golembiewski, Univ of Minnesota, Crookston, Crookston, MN Ali Reza Golnaraghi, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran Julie Golod, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Gabriel M. Gomez, Univar USA, Vista, CA Hector E. Gomez, Facultad de Agronomia - UNLPam, Santa Rosa, la Pampa, Argentina Hilda D. Gomez, Hialeah, FL Enrique Gomez Hernandez, Productos Citrosol S.A., Potries, Valencia, Spain Carlos Cecilio Gongora, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Carol V. Gonsalves, Hilo, HI Dennis Gonsalves, USDA ARS PBARC, Hilo, HI Ana J. Gonzalez, SERIDA, Villaviciosa Asturias, Spain Carlos F. Gonzalez, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Enid T. Gonzalez, USDA ARS CPGRU, Davis, CA Francisco X. Gonzalez, San Pedro, Mexico Gloria Gonzalez, Inst De Invest De Sanidad Vegetal, La Havana, Cuba Maria C. Gonzalez, UNAM - Inst Biologia, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

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Mirian del Pilar Gonzalez, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Rosario, Argentina Nancy A. Gonzalez, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Adriana Gonzalez Morla, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Alex David Gonzalez Vera, Fundacion Danac, San Felipe, Venezuela Luis Gonzalez-Candelas, Inst Agro Tec Alimentos, Valencia, Spain Ramiro Gonzalez-Garza, Biociencia S.A. De C.V., Monterrey NL, Mexico Javier Gonzalez-Ramos, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Isabel Gonzalez-Roncero, Univ de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Matthew Y Goo, USDA APHIS PPQ, Honolulu, HI Michael M. Goodin, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Paul H. Goodwin, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Stephen B. Goodwin, USDA ARS, West Lafayette, IN William R. Goodwine, Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc, Titusville, NJ Roger D. Goos, Univ of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI Daniel W. Gorbet, North Florida Res & Education Ctr, Marianna, FL Donald T. Gordon, Wooster, OH Thomas R. Gordon, Univ of California, Davis, CA August M. Gorenz, Hampshire, IL Erica M. Goss, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Bruce D. Gossen, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Rubella S. Goswami, NDSU, Fargo, ND Robert W. Goth, Ellicott City, MD Alan R. Gotlieb, Essex, VT Tim R. Gottwald, USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL Francis J. Gough, Wetumpka, AL Ann Brooks Gould, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Francine Govers, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands Bhavanishankar Gowda, Charlottesville, VA Siddarame Gowda, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Elizabeth A. Grabau, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Dave M. Graber, SJR Farming, Merced, CA Michelle A. Grabowski, Univ of Minnesota, Andover, MN J. Kenneth Grace, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Charles T. Graham, Jr., Bayer CropScience, Grenada, MS James H. Graham, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Joseph H. Graham, Silver Spring, MD Karina P. Gramacho, CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil Larry F. Grand, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Andrew L. Granett, East Windsor, NJ Leah L. Granke, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Richard Grantham, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Eduardo Jose Graterol Matute, Fundacion Danac, San Felipe, Venezuela Craig R. Grau, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Clinton H. Graves, Jr., Mississippi Agric Exp Station, Mississippi State, MS Fred A. Gray, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY Stewart M. Gray, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY Nik Grbavac, Agriquality NZ Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand Arthur S. Greathead, Salinas, CA Nigel M. Grech, Visalia, CA Jacob S. Green, Sakata Seed America Inc, Lehigh Acres, FL Ralph J. Green, Jr., Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Jean T. Greenberg, Univ of Chicago, Chicago, IL 86

Matthew Greene, North Carolina State Univ, Fletcher, NC Amanda Greer, Monticello, AR Christopher A. Greer, UC Coop Extension, Colusa, CA Guillaume Gregoire, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Garold F. Gregory, Oklahoma City, OK Nancy F. Gregory, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Sara K. Gremillion, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN William E. Grey, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Natalie Greynolds, Yuma, AZ Harald E. Grieb, USDA APHIS PPQ, El Paso, TX George A. Gries, Green Valley, AZ John Griesbach, Ascent Agricultural Services, Salem, OR Carl A. Griffey, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Gary J. Griffin, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Mary R. Griffin, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Robert L. Griffin, Garner, NC Helen M. Griffiths, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Marta Grilli, Ghezzano (PI), Italy Eva Grimme, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Michael P. Grisham, USDA ARS SRRC, Houma, LA Helen M. Grogan, TEAGASC, Dublin 17, Ireland Raymond G. Grogan, King City, CA Paul Grooteman, Grootebroek, Netherlands Myron D. Groskopp, Stevens Point, WI Dennis C. Gross, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Nathan W. Gross, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Friedrich Grossmann, Univ Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Pierre Grossmann, Garden City, NY Donald E. Groth, Louisiana State Univ AgCenter, Rayne, LA Gary G. Grove, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Melvin D. Grove, ISK Biosciences Corp, Houston, TX Veenita Grover, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Russell L. Groves, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Barrett R. Gruber, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Rebecca Grumet, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Niklaus Grunwald, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Arvydas Grybauskas, Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD Jun Gu, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Walter D. Gubler, Univ of California, Davis, CA Robert T. Gudauskas, Auburn, AL Neil C. Gudmestad, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Lucia Guerin-Dubran, ENITA de Bordeaux, Gradignan, France Lauri J. Guerra, Prosser, WA Victor M. Guerrero-Prieto, CIAD, A. C., Cuauhtemoc, Chihuahua, Mexico David I. Guest, Univ of Sydney, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia Gabriela Guevara, Univ Nacl De Mar Del Plata, Mar Del Plata, Argentina Paul Gugerli, Genolier, Switzerland Beth K. Gugino, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Magalie Guilhabert-Goya, Agraquest, Davis, CA Cesar Guiogon Lopez, Centro de Investigacion Para Los Recursos, Chihuahua, Mexico Anil Gulati, Ghaziabad, U.P., India Anju Gulati-Sakhuja, PhD, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Maria Lodovica Gullino, Divapra-Patologia Vegetale, Grugliasco Torino, Italy Tashkhan G. Gulyamova, Institute of Microbiology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Baozhu Guo, USDA ARS CPMRU, Tifton, GA Jianhua Guo, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Li Guo, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Liyun Guo, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Zejian Guo, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Kavita Gupta, Natl Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India Pushpendra K. Gupta, Meerut Univ, Meerut, India Sanjiv Gupta, Murdoch Univ, Murdoch, Perth, Australia Shyam Lal Gupta, Hisar, India Vadakattu Gupta, CSIRO, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia Vivek Gupta, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Dina L. Gutierrez, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Francisco Javier Gutierrez, Univ of San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain Sonia P. Gutierrez, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Jean Guyot, CIRAD, Kourou, CEDEX, France Pablo P. Guzman, Parson Seed Certification Ctr, Davis, CA Kimberly D. Gwinn, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Steven R. Gylling, Gylling Data Management Inc, Brookings, SD Youngsil Ha, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Jerry H. Haas, Savyon, Israel Steve Haber, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Franz Hadacek, Univ of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Keisha C. Hadden, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Tifton, GA Lee A. Hadwiger, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Denita Hadziabdic, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Austin K. Hagan, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL William L. Hagan, Castro Valley, CA Silas S. Hagar, Yorktown Heights, NY Charles Hagen, Univ of California, Davis, CA Wafaa Mohamed Haggag, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt William A. Haglund, Peoria, AZ Matthias Hahn, Univ of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany John-Erich Haight, Univ of Alaska, Madison, WI Bernhard Haitz, Durmersheim, Germany Subhas Hajeri, Univ of California, Riverside, CA M. R. Hajimorad, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Susan E. Halbert, Florida Dept of Agric & Con Serv, Gainesville, FL Noemi O. Halbrendt, Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA Anne B. Halgren, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Philip M. Halisky, Logan, UT Jan L. Hall, Paul Ecke Ranch, Encinitas, CA Robert Hall, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Thomas J. Hall, DCNR, Middletown, PA Scott A. Halley, North Dakota State Univ, Langdon, ND Robert S. Halliwell, Bryan, TX Mark E. Halsey, United Soybean Board, Ballwin, MO Dennis A. Halterman, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Larry J. Halverson, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Jong Hyun Ham, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Walid Hamada, INAT, Tunis, Tunisia Richard C. Hamelin, NRC Canada Forest Service, Ste-Foy, QC, Canada Jon E. Hamill, PhD, Syngenta Crop Protection, Santa Maria, CA

Richard I. Hamilton, Point Roberts, WA Philip B. Hamm, Oregon State Univ, Hermiston, OR Raymond Hammerschmidt, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI David F. Hammond, ConAgra Foods - Potato Specialty Products, Kennewick, WA John Hammond, USDA ARS FNPRU, Beltsville, MD Rosemarie W. Hammond, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Kim E. Hammond-Kosack, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Danny J. Hamon, USDA APHIS PPQ, Sacramento, CA Michael C. Hampson, St John’s, NL, Canada Richard O. Hampton, Payette, ID Chenggui Han, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Kang Han, EAC Consulting Ltd, Seoul, Korea Seong-Sook Han, Natl Inst of Agric Science & Tech, RDA, Suwon, Korea Yang Han, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Kaoru Hanada, Natl Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba City, Japan H. Gary Hancock, FMC Corp, Hamilton, GA Joseph G. Hancock, Prospect, KY Richard T. Hanlin, Univ of Georgia, Bogart, GA Richard K. Hanrahan, Bayer CropScience, Englewood, NJ A. Juergen Hansen, The Green Group, Summerland, BC, Canada Everett M. Hansen, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR J. Dean Hansen, Vernal, UT Mary Ann Hansen, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Linda E. Hanson, USDA ARS, East Lansing, MI Stephen F. Hanson, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Beinching Hao, Inst of Crop Genetics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, Peoples Rep of China Jianjun Hao, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Yukio Harada, Hirosaki Univ, Hirosaki-Shi Aomori, Japan Jeremy Haralson, Gainesville, GA Christel F. Harden, Clemson Univ, Pendleton, SC Donald E. Harder, Abbotsford, BC, Canada Michael W. Harding, Innovotech Inc., Brooks, AB, Canada John R. Hardison, Corvallis, OR Giles E. Hardy, Murdoch Univ, Murdoch Perth, Australia Blair R. Harlan, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Gary E. Harman, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Philip F. Harmon, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Chee H. Harn, Nong Woo Bio Co Ltd, Yeoju, Gyeonggi, South Korea Andrea M. Harness, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Tyler L. Harp, Syngenta Crop Protection, Vero Beach, FL Scott J. Harper, Univ of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand J. G. Harrar, Scarsdale, NY Jerome F. Harrington, IRI Development Corp, Stamford, CT Thomas C. Harrington, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Adrian R. Harris, CropLife Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia Leigh Ann Harrison, Virginia Polytechnic Inst, Painter, VA Nigel A. Harrison, Univ of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL John H. Hart, Hartwood Natural Resource, Cheyenne, WY John P. Hart, Univ of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada L. Patrick Hart, Michigan State Univ, Lansing, MI Glen L. Hartman, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL John R. Hartman, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 87

Sierra L. Hartney, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR John S. Hartung, USDA ARS FL, Beltsville, MD Tom Haruya Chino, Chino Nojo Inc, Del Mar, CA Robert M. Harveson, Univ of Nebraska, Scottsbluff, NE Siraj Hasan, Montpellier, France Shu Hase, Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Japan Mutsuki HASEGAWA, Sakata Seed, Yokohama, Japan Janine S. Hasey, Univ of California, Yuba City, CA Rizwan Y. Hashmi, Aerobiology Laboratories Associates Inc, Atlanta, GA Taylor B. Hatchett, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL Dennis R. Hattermann, Landis International Inc, Valdosta, GA James Haudenshield, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Linda M. Haugen, USDA FS, St Paul, MN Mary K. Hausbeck, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Nagao Hayashi, Natl Inst of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Thomas A. Hayden, BASF Corp, Owensboro, KY Robert A. Haygood, Dow AgroSciences LLC, Collierville, TN Jennifer L. Haynes, Univ of California, Davis, CA Staunton C. Haynes, West Virginia Dept of Agric, Charleston, WV Chris A. Hayward, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Ann L. Hazelrigg, Univ of Vermont, Burlington, VT Donna Hazelwood, Dakota State Univ, Madison, SD Chunlin He, Monsanto Co, Huxley, IA Jie He, PhD, Toledo, OH Sheng Yang He, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Yong-Qiang He, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, Peoples Rep of China Michael R. Heacock, Pacific Golf Management K. K., Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan Edward R. Heard, Edward Heard Landscape Service, Jefferson, LA Michele C. Heath, Cowichan Bay, BC, Canada Frederick V. Hebard, American Chestnut Foundation, Meadowview, VA Prakash K. Hebbar, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Bryan Hed, Lake Erie Regional Grape Res & Ext Ctr, North East, PA Ginny Heffer, Beaverton, OR Howard E. Heggestad, Stoughton, WI Mary Francis Heimann, Madison, WI Ursula Heiniger, Swiss Federal Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Vic Heintzberger, Paragon Seed Inc, Salinas, CA Pat Heist, Pikeville College, Pikeville, KY Benjamin Held, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN John P. Helgeson, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Werner E. Heller, Agroscope FAW, Waedenswil, Switzerland Emily E. Helliwell, Pennsylvania State Univ, State College, PA Katie Helms, Deakin, ACT, Australia Charles W. Helpert, Triple H Diversified Services, L.L.C., Grapevine, TX Khushboo Hemnani, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Walter P. Hempfling, PhD, Mechanicsville, VA Donna R. Henderson, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Carol A. Hendrick, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA J. Walter Hendrix, Pullman, WA Yigal Henis, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Paul E. Hennon, Juneau Forest Service, Juneau, AK Beatrice Henricot, Royal Horticultural Society, Wisley, United Kingdom 88

Maria Antonia Henriquez, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Jillana Kathryn Henshaw, Syngenta Seeds, Waimea, HI Ryan W. Herche, Univ of California, Davis, CA Olaf Hering, Biologische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany Dietrich Hermann, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Stein, Switzerland Arne Hermansen, Bioforsk, Aas, Norway Ermita Hernandez, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Jose R. Hernandez, USDA APHIS CIAO, Riverdale, MD Yonis Hernandez, Residencia La Ceiba, Maracay Estado Aragua, Venezuela John Fredy Hernandez Nopsa, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Rufina Hernandez-Martinez, PhD, CICESE, San Ysidro, CA Leonard J. Herr, Wooster, OH Carmen Milagritos Herrera-Gutierrez, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA Sonia Herrero, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Stephanie Herring, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Caroline M. Herron, IITA - Tanzania, Croyden, United Kingdom Hersanti Hersanti, Univ Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Donald E. Hershman, Univ of Kentucky, Princeton, KY Aaron P. Hert, Syngenta Crop Protection, Vero Beach, FL Kees Hertogh, Nickerson Zwaan BV, Made, Netherlands Dale E. Hess, Goshen College, Wolf Lake, IN Nolan J. Hess, Pineville, LA Paul F. Hessburg, USDA PNW Research Station, Wenatchee, WA Adam L. Heuberger, Madison, WI Scott A. Heuchelin, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Kurt K. Heungens, ILVO, Merelbeke, Belgium Craig R. Hibben, Yorktown Heights, NY Kenneth D. Hickey, Gettysburg, PA Scott C. Hicks, Bio Research, Fresno, CA Zyun Hidaka, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan Gerbert Hiddink, Enza Zaden BV, Enkhuizen, Netherlands Ernest Hiebert, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Verna J. Higgins, Toronto, NS, Canada Olga Lucia Higuera Acosta, Federacion Nacional de Arroceros, Villavicencio, Colombia Yasufumi Hikichi, Kochi Univ, Nankoku, Japan Urs W. Hilber, ZHAW, Waedenswil, Switzerland Donald C. Hildebrand, Sisters, OR Joseph C. Hildebrand, Conviron, Hendersonville, NC Paul D. Hildebrand, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada Mark E. Hilf, USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL Curtis B. Hill, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL John H. Hill, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Shaunta Hill, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Travis A. Hill, PhD, BASF Corp, Paso Robles, CA Bradley I. Hillman, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ James W. Hilty, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Eugene B. Himelick, Urbana, IL Phyllis T. Himmel, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA Richard B. Hine, Tucson, AZ Ronald A. Hines, Growmark Inc, Belknap, IL Dorothy M. Hinton, USDA ARS TMRU, Athens, GA Sigrun Hippe-Sanwald, Univ of Kiel, Kiel, Germany Hideya Hirasawa, Yamagata Ken, Japan

Kazuyuki Hiratsuka, Yokohama National Univ, Yokohama, Japan Yasuyuki Hiratsuka, Northern Forestry Center, Canadian Forest Service, Edmonton, AB, Canada Ann M. Hirsch, Univ of California, Los Angeles, CA Chuji Hiruki, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Raymond E. Hite, Pataskala, OH Linda G. Hjeljord, Norwegian Univ of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway Hon Hing Ho, State Univ of New York, New Paltz, NY Wellcome Wai Hong Ho, MAF Biosecurity New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand Thang Manh Hoang, Stanfilco, Davao City, Philippines Houston A. Hobbs, Champaign, IL Harvey C. Hoch, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Winand K. Hock, Boalsburg, PA Amanda Coleen Hodges, PhD, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Charles S. Hodges, Jr., Raleigh, NC Clinton F. Hodges, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Robert Hoeft, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Richard William Hoenisch, Univ of California, Davis, CA Christine A. Hoepting, Cornell Univ, Albion, NY Jill A. Hoff, West Virginia Dept of Agric, Charleston, WV Michele T. Hoffman, Tucson, AZ Thomas M. Hoffman, Chemical Abstract Service, Columbus, OH Dirk Hoffmeister, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Ingrid P. Hofma, Le Fresh International, Auckland, New Zealand Monica M. Hofte, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium Taizo Hogetsu, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Andy Hogg, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Harry A. Hoitink, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Imre Janos Holb, Univ of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Gordon E. Holcomb, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Anna M. Holdcroft, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Catherine Helen Holden, Chemtura Europe Ltd, Evesham, Worcestershire, United Kingdom Maria C. Holeva, Agric Univ of Athens, Pefki, Greece Rodanthi C. Holeva, Univ of Crete, Athens, Greece Ramon Jaime Holguin Pena, Centro De Invest Biologicals Del Noroeste, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico Paul Holliday, Rutland Leics, United Kingdom Clayton A. Hollier, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Charla R. Hollingsworth, Univ of Minnesota, Crookston, MN Elise C. Hollister, Grand Valley State Univ, Grand Rapids, MI Samantha Hollosy, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Louis J. Holloway, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Joyce E. Hollowell, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Gerald J. Holmes, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Thomas J. Holt, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Brent A. Holtz, Univ of California Coop Ext, Madera, CA Thomas O. Holtzer, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Oliver V. Holtzmann, Kailua, HI Eric B. Holub, Univ of Warwick, Wellesbourne, United Kingdom Yuichi Honda, Shimane Univ, Matsue, Japan Eric W. Honeycutt, Bartlett Tree Experts, Charlotte, NC ChengFang Hong, Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Exp Branch, Fengshan City, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan Rep of China Chuanxue Hong, VPI & State Univ, Virginia Beach, VA Lau Wei Hong, Univ Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Ni Hong, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Sung Jun Hong, Yeongnam Agric Res Inst, Milyang, Gyeongnam, Korea

J. J. Hood, Exeter, RI Gary R. Hooper, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Donald L. Hopkins, Univ of Florida, Apopka, FL Peter Horevaj, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Mitsuo Horita, Natl Inst for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan Jaroslav Horky, State Phytosanitary Administration, Olomouc, Czech Republic Christine M. Horlock, Dept of Primary Industries & Fisheries, Stanthorpe, QLD, Australia Norman L. Horn, Covington, LA Sigal Horowitz Brown, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Leona Horst, USDA ARS OARDC, Wooster, OH R. Kenneth Horst, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Brandon J. Horvath, VPI & State Univ, Virginia Beach, VA Diana M. Horvath, Mediant, Evanston, IL Choi Hoseong, Chonnam Natl Univ, Gwangju, South Korea L. Douglas Houseworth, Syngenta Crop Protection, Fernandina Beach, FL Azam Houshmand, Univ of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Ronald J. Howard, Crop Diversification Centre South, Brooks, AB, Canada William J. Howie, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Barbara J. Howlett, Univ of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia Jeffrey W. Hoy, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA German P. Hoyos, EnviroLogix, Portland, ME David C. Hsi, Albuquerque, NM Tom Hsiang, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Wen Wei Hsiao, Natl Taiwan Univ, Chu-shan, Nantou, Taiwan Rep of China Yi-Cheng Hsieh, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Hei-Ti Hsu, Rockville, MD John Hsu, JH Biotech Inc, Ventura, CA Yau-Heiu Hsu, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Baishi Hu, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Chia-Hui Hu, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Chung-Chi Hu, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Hao Hu, PhD, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Frederick, MD John S. Hu, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Jun Hu, Inner Mongolia Agric Univ, Huhhot, Peoples Rep of China Shuijin Hu, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Xiaojun Hu, PSES in University of Idaho, Moscow, ID Xu Hu, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Changwei Huang, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Cheng-Hua Huang, Gainesville, FL Guozhong Huang, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Hung-Chang H. Huang, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada Jianghua Huang, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Junbin Huang, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Kun Huang, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Li Huang, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT Qi Huang, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Tzu-Pi Huang, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China 89

Xiang Huang, Syngenta Biotechnology Inc, Res Triangle Park, NC Yong Huang, Walt Disney World, Lake Buena Vista, FL Don M. Huber, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN M. Christine Huber, Philadelphia, PA Daniel Huberli, Murdoch Univ, Murdoch, WA, Australia Brian D. Hudelson, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI George W. Hudler, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Laura C. Hudson, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Robert A. Hudson, Lititz, PA Ralph Hueckelhoven, Technical Univ of Munich, Freising, Bavaria, Germany Robin N. Huettel, Auburn Univ, Auburn Univ, AL Fritz Huggenberger, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland Gareth Hughes, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Jacqueline d’A Hughes, AVRDC, Taiwan, Taiwan Rep of China Kelvin J. D. Hughes, Central Science Lab, York, N Yorksmire, United Kingdom Marc A. Hughes, Gainesville, FL Teresa J. Hughes, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Scot H. Hulbert, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Roger Hull, Norwich, United Kingdom David C. Hulst, Hulst Res Farm Services Inc, Hughson, CA Robert M. Hunger, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Richard S. Hunt, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, BC, Canada James E. Hunter, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Kristine L. Hunter, BAAR Scientific LLC, Seneca Alls, NY Michael M. Hunter, CropAdvisory.Com, Ripley, ON, Canada Oscar Pietro Hurtado-Gonzales, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Suzanne S. Hurtt, Clarksville, MD Richard S. Hussey, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Dave G. Hutton, Kingston, Jamaica Tung Huynh Thanh, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada Byung Kook Hwang, Korea Univ, Sungbukku, Seoul, South Korea Ingyu Hwang, Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, Korea Jaesoon Hwang, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Mitsuro Hyakumachi, Gifu Univ, Gifu, Japan Naveen Hyder, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Kho Hye Kyoung, Kookmin Univ, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea Aimee Sheer Hyten, APHIS, Riverdale, MD Jae-Wook Hyun, Natl Jeju Agric Experiment Station, Namcheju, Jeju-Do, South Korea Juliano H. Ibarra, Miami, FL Ali M. Idris, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Michele M. Igo, Univ of California, Davis, CA Masato Ikegami, Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Japan Constantin I. Iliescu, Res Development Inst for Plant Protection, Bucharest, Romania Iori Imazaki, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan Ann E. Impullitti, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Tadaoki Inaba, Natl Agricultural Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan Kimiharu Inagaki, Meijo Univ, Tenpaku, Nagoya, Japan Patrik Inderbitzin, Univ of California, Davis, CA Russell E. Ingham, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Debra A. Inglis, Washington State Univ, Mount Vernon, WA David M. Ingram, Central MS Res & Ext Center, Raymond, MS Jason T. Ingram, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 90

John C. Inguagiato, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Scott A. Inman, Novozymes Biologicals Inc, Loveland, CO Roger W. Innes, Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN Alice Kazuko Inoue-Nagata, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Shubha K. Ireland, Xavier Univ of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA Michael S. Irey, US Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL Fanny B. Iriarte, USDA ARS USHRL, Vero Beach, FL John A. Irwin, Univ of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Thomas S. Isakeit, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Scott A. Isard, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Kiyoshi Ishiguro, MAFF/AFFRC, Tsukuba, Japan Hiromichi Ishihara, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Hideo Ishii, Natl Inst for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Carol A. Ishimaru, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Md. Tofazzal Islam, Georg-August-Univ Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany Sayed Z. Islam, Syngenta Seeds, Naples, FL Emir Islamovic, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Herbert W. Israel, Ithaca, NY Noor Istifadah, Univ Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Nalisha Ithnin, Sime Darby Technology Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Ronald L. Itnyre, Illinois Foundation Seeds Inc, Arcanum, OH Shin-Ichi Ito, Yamaguchi Univ, Yamaguchi, Japan Mariana Ittu, Res Inst Cereals & Ind Crops, Bucharest, Romania Milan Ivanovic, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Kelly L. Ivors, North Carolina State Univ, Fletcher, NC Hisashi Iwai, Kagoshima Univ, Kagoshima-shi, Japan Toru T. Iwanami, Natl Inst of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan K. Izadpanah, Shiraz Univ, Shiraz, Iran Allison L. H. Jack, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Andrew O. Jackson, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Kimberly Jackson, Athens, GA Lee E. Jackson, Layton, UT Lee F. Jackson, Univ of California, Davis, CA Tamra A. Jackson, Univ of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE James C. Jacobi, Alabama Coop Ext Svc, Birmingham, AL William R. Jacobi, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO James J. Jacobs, Woodbury, MN Janette L. Jacobs, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Jonathan M. Jacobs, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Barry J. Jacobsen, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Brent Jacobson, Cheminova Inc, Tifton, GA Uhm Jae Youl, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea Shamarao Jahagirdar, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Nipani, Karnataka, India Courtney E. Jahn, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Ramon Jaime-Garcia, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Jaya Jain, New Delhi, India Rashmi Jain, Ghaziabad, UP, India Katrin Jakob, Mendel Biotechnology, Hayward, CA Delano James, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Sidney, BC, Canada R. Vaughan James, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Randall F. James, Manhattan, KS Robert L. James, Vancouver, WA

Fuh-Jyh Jan, PhD, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Wojciech J. Janisiewicz, USDA ARS AFRS, Kearneysville, WV Shelley H. Jansky, USDA ARS, Madison, WI Alex Janssen, Meteor Ltda, Montevideo, Uruguay Juan Jaraba, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Douglas J. Jardine, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Stefan T. Jaronski, USDA ARS NPARL, Sidney, MT Andrew M. Jarosz, Michigan State Univ, Lansing, MI Sridhar Jarugula, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA William R. Jarvis, Agriculture Canada, Amherstburg, ON, Canada Yorman Gregorio Jayaro, Fundacion Danac, San Felipe, Venezuela Notteghem J.L. Jean Loup, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France Thirumalachar M. Jeersannidhi, Jeersannidhi Anderson Inst, Edina, MN Daniel P. Jeffers, Dow AgroSciences de Mexico, Zapopan Jal., Mexico Steven N. Jeffers, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Michael J. Jeger, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom Wilhelm Jelkmann, Julius Kuehn Institute, Dossenheim, Germany Jody Jellison, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Daniel Jenkins, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Larry Jensen, Helena Chemical Co, Mesquite, NV Stanley G. Jensen, USDA ARS Retired, Lincoln, NE Kyusik Jeong, PhD, Cheongju, South Korea Rae-Dong Jeong, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Joseph Robert Jertberg, Univ of California, Davis, CA Gayle Jesperson, BC Ministry of Agric & Food, Kelowna, BC, Canada Wilfred R. Jester, North Carolina State Univ, Kinston, NC Kanchalee Jetiyanon, Naresuan Univ, Phitsanulok, Thailand Charlene M. Jewell, FMC Technologies Inc, Riverside, CA Fred F. Jewell, Sr., Ruston, LA Chun Yan Ji, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Pingsheng Ji, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Haiyan Jia, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Yulin Jia, USDA ARS DBNRRC, Stuttgart, AR Heng Jian, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Daohong Jiang, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Guo-Liang Jiang, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Jiping Jiang, Redi Plants Corp, Estero, FL Shijun Jiang, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of China Zide Jiang, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Mohamed Haissam Jijakli, Fac Sciences Agronomique, Gembloux, Belgium Manuel Jimenez, Exeter, CA Pedro Jimenez, Univ Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia Maria Isabel Jimenez Feijoo, CTT-ESPOL RUC, Guayaquil, Ecuador Rafael M. Jimenez-Diaz, CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Maria Del Mar Jimenez-Gasco, Pennsylvania State Univ, University Park, PA Hailing Jin, Univ of California, Riverside, CA

Xixuan Jin, USDA ARS MSA, Stoneville, MS Xuehui Jin, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation Univ, Daqing, Peoples Rep of China Yimin Jin, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA Yue Jin, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Lan Jing, Inner Mongolia Agric Univ, Huhhot, Peoples Rep of China Jennifer C. Jirak, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Young-Ki Jo, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Charlene Jochum, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Anna Joe, Lincoln, NE Alba E. Jofre-Garfias, Cinvestav-Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico Sudisha Jogaiah, Univ of Mysore, Mysore, India Guri S. Johal, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN George A. Johannessen, Danville, CA Ida E. Johansen, Biotechnology Group, Frederiksberg, Denmark Charles S. Johnson, VPI & State Univ, Blackstone, VA David A. Johnson, Missouri Dept of Agric Plant Ind, Jefferson City, MO Dennis A. Johnson, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Evan G. Johnson, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Herbert G. Johnson, Spring Park, MN Iruthayasamy Johnson, Chungbuk National Univ, Cheongju, South Korea Kenneth B. Johnson, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Leander F. Johnson, Knoxville, TN Michael H. Johnson, El Centro, CA Randall R. Johnson, Sakata Seed America Inc, Lehigh Acres, FL Steven B. Johnson, Univ of Maine Coop Ext, Presque Isle, ME Mareike R. Johnston, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Robert H. Johnston, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT David L. Joly, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada Alan L. Jones, East Lansing, MI Allison Jones, Natl Alliance of Ind Crop Consultants, Collierville, TN Carl J. Jones, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Coy W. Jones, Cardinal/Triangle Chemical, Fuquay Varina, NC Dawna D. Jones, Laurel, MD Jeffrey B. Jones, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL John P. Jones, Little Rock, AR Margaret J. Jones, USDA APHIS BRS, Riverdale, MD Richard W. Jones, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Roger A. C. Jones, Western Australia Dept of Agric, Perth, Australia Roger K. Jones, St Paul, MN Suzanne Joan Jones, Univ of Tasmania, Burnie, Australia Franciscus F. Jongeleen, SVS Holland BV, Enkhuizen, Netherlands Gilda Jonson, Honam Agric Res Inst NICS RDA, Iksan City, Korea Carl E. Joplin, Bayer CropScience, Sanger, CA Concepcion Jorda Gutierrez, Univ Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain Katerina S. Jordan, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Ramon L. Jordan, USDA ARS USNA FNPRU, Beltsville, MD Stephen A. Jordan, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Gary Jorgensen, Pacific Agronomics Inc, Fresno, CA Bharat D. Joshi, Stillwater, OK Madan M. Joshi, Wilmington, DE 91

Ann E. Joy, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Miguel Juarez Gomez, Univ Miguel Hernandez, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain Howard S. Judelson, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Yao Jui-Chen, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Taiwan Rep of China Peng Jui-Chu, Jr., TNDAIS COA, Tainan, Taiwan Rep of China Geunhwa Jung, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Joel Jurgens, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Wayne M. Jurick, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Vatren Jurin, Brandt Consolidated Inc, Springfield, IL Jennifer Juzwik, USDA FS, St Paul, MN Eileen A. Kabelka, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Pradeep Kachroo, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Karen E. Kackley-Dutt, Kutztown Univ, Kutztown, PA Kazi A. Kader, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Clarence I. Kado, Univ of California, Davis, CA Isabelle Kagan, Lexington, KY Koji Kageyama, Gifu Univ, Gifu, Japan Robert P. Kahn, Rockville, MD John M. Kainski, Menomonie, WI Gilbert Kairu, Coffee Research Foundation, Ruiru, Kenya Albert G. Kais, Biloxi, MS Roger P. Kaiser, Valent BioSciences Corp, Libertyville, IL Walter J. Kaiser, Retired from USDA-ARS, Boise, ID Anparasy Kajamuhan, Univ of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Vesna Kajic, Inst of Plant Protection in Agric & Forestry, Zagreb, Croatia Toshihiro Kajiwara, Chiba-ken, Japan Anna Kalinina, Agric and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada Melanie Kalischuk, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada Kathie E. Kalmowitz, PhD, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Isgouhi Kaloshian, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Sophia Kamenidou, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK John E. Kaminski, III, Univ of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Lewis K. Kamiri, Minnetonka, MN Steven J. Kammerer, Syngenta, St Augustine, FL Sophien Kamoun, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom Kuang Huei Kan, Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan Rep of China Zahi Kanaan-Atallah, Univ of California, Salinas, CA Alan Kanaskie, Oregon Dept of Forestry, Salem, OR Randall T. Kane, Chicago District Golf Assoc, Lemont, IL Seiji Kanematsu, Natl Agric Research Ctr - Tohoku Region, Morioka, Japan Wendy Kaneshiro, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Loukas Kanetis, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Hee-Wan Kang, PhD, Hankyong Natl Univ, Ansung, South Korea Hong-Gu Kang, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY In-Suk Kang, Will Communication, Seoul, South Korea Kyu Young Kang, Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Chinju, South Korea Seogchan Kang, Penn State Univ, Univ Park, PA Yue-Gyu Kang, KT&G Central Research Inst, Suwon, South Korea Zhensheng Kang, Northwest A&F Univ, Yangling, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples Rep of China Ravi S. Kankanallu, PhD, Mahyco Research Center, Jalna, Maharashira, India Cynthia L. Kanner, Darby, MT 92

Takeshi Kanto, Technology Ctr Agric Forestry & Fisheries, Kasai Hyogo, Japan Apostolos Kapsalis, TEI of Larissa, Pili, Greece Brijesh Karakkat, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA George S. Karaoglanidis, Arisotelian Univ of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Alexander V. Karasev, Univ of Idaho, Moscow, ID George M. Kariuki, Kenya Agric Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya Harry P. Karle, Fresno, CA Petr Karlovsky, Inst of Plant Pathology, Goettingen, Germany Maruthachalam Karunakaran, PhD, Univ of California, Salinas, CA Hanns-Heinz Kassemeyer, Staatliches Weinbauinstitut, Freiburg, Germany Matthew T. Kasson, The Pennsylvania State Univ, University Park, PA Jaacov Katan, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Melanie L. Katawczik, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Katsumi Katayama, Vientiane, Laos Palak Kathiria, Univ of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada Hajime Kato, Kobe, Japan Masayasu Kato, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Harold W. Kaufman, Shallowater, TX Gurubandana Kaur, New Delhi, India Parminderjit Kaur, Univ of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI Ramneek Kaur, New Delhi, India Nat N. V. Kav, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Thomas Kavanagh, Kinsealy Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland Sharon Marjorie Kavanaugh, EuroAmerican Propagators, Bonsall, CA Akira Kawaguchi, Okayama Prefectural General Agric Ctr, Akaiwa, Japan Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Hitoshi Kawamata, Plant Biotechnology Inst, Ibaraki, Japan Shinji Kawano, Okinawa, Japan Lawrence Kawchuk, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada Amanda C. Kaye, Raleigh, NC Ilyas Kazi, Miami, FL Harold E. Kazmaier, Mansfield, MA Pam J. Kazmierczak, Univ of California, Davis, CA Philip J. Keane, La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, VIC, Australia Holly S. J. Kearns, Post Falls, ID David H. Keating, Loyola Univ of Chicago, Maywood, IL Bob L. Keeling, Greenville, MS Renee J. Keese, Syngenta Crop Protection, Carmel, IN Anthony P. Keinath, Clemson Univ, Charleston, SC Felicity J. Keiper, SARDI, Adelaide, SA, Australia Lisa M. Keith, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI Stephen R. Keith, Alltech Research & Development, Sparta, IL Segenet Kelemu, Intl Livestock Research Inst, Nairobi, Kenya Beat Keller, Univ of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Karen E. Keller, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Nancy Jane P. Keller, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Walter D. Kelley, Auburn, AL Stephen P. Kelly, Agrimar Corp, Lilliwaup, WA Arthur Kelman, Fort Lee, NJ Frank Kelsey, Highland Fresh Technologies, Grand Junction, CO

Gert H. J. Kema, Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands Robert C. Kemerait, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Gregory M. Kemmitt, Dow AgroSciences, Abigndon, Oxon, United Kingdom Shawn C. Kenaley, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV David F. Kendra, USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL Edgar L. Kendrick, Tucson, AZ Charles M. Kenerley, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Mallikarjun Kenganal, Univ of Agric Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India Brenda S. Kennedy, Univ of Kentucky, Princeton, KY George G. Kennedy, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Megan Marie Kennelly, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Robert G. Kenneth, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Donald S. Kenney, Painted Flower Farm Inc, Denton, TX Michael J. Kenney, USDA APHIS, Riverdale, MD Charlotte C. Kenning, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO George C. Kent, Ithaca, NY Lawrence Kenyon, Rainham, Kent, United Kingdom Manjunath L. Keremane, USDA ARS - Citrus Germplasm Repository, Riverside, CA Jeffrey Kern, Penn State Univ, Philadelphia, PA James Patrick Kerns, Apex, NC Allen Kerr, Waite Agric Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia Julia L. Kerrigan, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Johan A. Kers, Stanford Univ School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Pawan Kesera, Scientific Reviews, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Geert Kessel, Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands Abeer A. Khalaf, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Aftab Khan, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Mohamed F. R. Khan, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Mohamed S. Khan, Silver Spring, MD Zakaullah Khan, Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, Korea Sushant N Khandekar, Univ of Toledo, Toledo, OH Chang Hyun Khang, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Ravjit Khangura, Dept of Agriculture & Food, Bently, WA, Australia Prem D. Kharbanda, Alberta Research Council Library, Vegreville, AB, Canada Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli, III, Natl Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Hyderabad, SA, Pakistan Eli Khayat, Rahan Meristem, Hanikra, Israel Ravinder Kumar Khetardal, Natl Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India Sanabar M. Khodjibaeva, Institute of Microbiology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Jespal Khurana, Faridabad, Haryana, India Richard L. Kiesling, Gainesville, FL Sebastian Kiewnick, Agroscope ACW, Waedenswil, Switzerland Eloise M. Killgore, Dept of Agric, Honolulu, HI Nabil Abd Elmoneim Killiny, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA R. A. Kilpatrick, Jacksonville, FL Byung-Soo Kim, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South Korea Dae-Hyuk Kim, Chonbuk National Univ, Chonbuk, South Korea Heung Tae Kim, Chungbuk National Univ, Chungbuk, South Korea Hun Kim, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Hye-Sook Kim, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

Jeong Yeon Kim, Univan, Seoul, South Korea Jin-Won Kim, Univ of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea Jong Heon Kim, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA Jung-Mi Kim, PhD, Chonbuk National Univ, Jeonju Chonbuk, Korea Ki Deok Kim, Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea Mee-Sook Kim, USDA Forest Service - RMRS, Moscow, ID Seong Hwan Kim, Pennsylvania Dept of Agric, Harrisburg, PA Seung-Hoon Kim, Cheonnam, Seoul, South Korea Soon-Kwon Kim, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea Soonok Kim, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Sujin Kim, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Won-Sik Kim, Norgen Biotek Corp, Thorold, ON, Canada Yong-ki Kim, PhD, Washington State Univ, Wenatchee, WA Young Ho Kim, Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, Korea Young-Cheol Kim, Chonnam National Univ, Gwangju, South Korea Yumee Kim, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA Kenneth A. Kimble, Davis, CA Makoto Kimura, Riken DRI, Saitama, Japan Gary R. Kinard, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Graydon C. Kingsland, Clemson, SC Mark T. Kingsley, Savannah River Natl Laboratory, Aiken, SC Charles H. Kingsolver, Braddock Heights, MD Linda L. Kinkel, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Bohun B. Kinloch, Jr., USDA Forest Service, Berkeley, CA John G. Kinsey, Monsanto Co, Waterman, IL Kasia M. Kinzer, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Ezekiel Kiprop, Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya Kiyoshi Kiriyama, Kanagawa-Ken, Japan M. B. Kirkham, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Bruce C. Kirkpatrick, Univ of California, Davis, CA Terrence L. Kirkpatrick, Univ of Arkansas, Hope, AR Levente Kiss, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Harold Corby Kistler, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Nobuhiro Kita, Hadano Kanagawa, Japan Elliot W. Kitajima, Univ Sao Paulo ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Leilani Kitz, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Richard K. Kiyomoto, Ashford, CT Michael C. Klapproth, DuPont Agricultural Products, Newark, DE Ferdinand Klas, Paramaribo, Surinam Nathan M. Kleczewski, Columbus, OH Daniel F. Klessig, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY John T. Kliejunas, Concord, CA Troy D. Klingaman, Mahomet, IL John M. Klisiewicz, Davis, CA Joseph W. Kloepper, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Ned B. Klopfenstein, USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID Michael J. Klopmeyer, Ball Horticultural Co, West Chicago, IL Frederik J. Kloppers, Pannar Seed Pty Ltd, Greytown, Rep of South Africa Steven J. Klosterman, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Daniel A. Kluepfel, USDA ARS, Davis, CA Ray Knake, Gustafson LLC, Johnston, IA James F. Knauss, Longwood, FL Leon R. Kneebone, State College, PA Caleb Knepper, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI John E. Knesek, Texas Womans Univ, Denton, TX 93

Tatjana Knezevic, Univ of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Fed Rep of Yugoslavia Noel L. Knight, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia Angie Knips, LSA Associates Inc, Irvine, CA Colleen Knoth, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Elizabeth A. Knott Vavricka, Idaho Dept of Agric, Boise, ID Ted R. Knous, Univ of Kansas Medical Ctr, Kansas City, KS Guy R. Knudsen, Univ of Idaho, Moscow, ID Mann P. Ko, Hawaii State Dept of Agriculure, Honolulu, HI Wen-Hsiung Ko, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Donald Y. Kobayashi, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Takashi Kobayashi, Tohoku Natl Agric Exp Station, Morioka Iwate, Japan Paul L. Koch, Univ of Wisconsin, Verona, WI Jessica M. Koczan, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Umesh C. Kodira, California Dept of Food & Agric, Sacramento, CA Joel Koech, Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya Wolfram D. Koeller, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY John L. Koenig, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Stephen R. Koenning, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Harrie Koenraadt, Naktuinbouw, Roelofarendsveen, Netherlands Hiroki Koganezawa, Kaneko Seeds Co Ltd, Isesaki, Gunma, Japan Karl-Heinz Kogel, Univ of Giessen, Giessen, Germany Lisa M. Kohl, North Carolina State Univ, Clayton, NC Clint L. Kohls, Plant Pest Authority, Willow Grove, PA Paul D. Kohnen, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL Hideo Koike, Houma, LA Steven T. Koike, Univ of California, Salinas, CA Tammy Kolander, Lauderdale, MN Fred Kolb, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL James A. Kolmer, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Michael V. Kolomiets, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Tsutomu Komatsu, Hokkaido Prefectural Ornamental, Hokkaido, Japan Thor Kommedahl, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Norio Kondo, Hokkaido Univ, Kita-Ku Sapporo, Japan Daouda Kone, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Hyesuk Kong, FDA CBER LMD, Rockville, MD Ling’an Kong, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Ping Kong, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA Demetrios G. Kontaxis, Concord, CA Mariola B. Kopcinski, Valent USA Corp, Libertyville, IL Inna Korniichuk, Inst of Cell Biology & Genetic Engineering, Kyiv, Ukraine Nadia S. Korolev, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Lise Korsten, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of South Africa Yoshitaka Kosaka, Kameoka, Kyoto, Japan Nuttima Kositcharoenkul, Plant Pathology Research Group, Bangkok, Thailand Wichai Kositratana, Kasetsart Univ, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Ronda D. Conner Koski, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Kathleen L. Kosta, California Dept of Food & Agric, Sacramento, CA Stanley J. Kostka, Jr., Aquatrols Corp, Paulsboro, NJ James B. Kotcon, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Ronald T. Kothera, ArborGen, Summerville, SC 94

Chandrasekar S. Kousik, USDA ARS, Charleston, SC Kyle B. Kouterick, Lancaster Bible College, Lancaster, PA Marion H. Kovach, Livonia, MI Olugbenga Koyaolu-Salami, Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria Lee A. Kozsey, Syngenta, Bethlehem, PA Reiner Kraemer, Julius Kuehn Inst, Quedlinburg, Germany John M. Kraft, Tucson, AZ Juergen F. Kranz, Giessen, Germany Conrad J. Krass, Vacaville, CA Charles R. Krause, USDA ARS ATRU, Wooster, OH Diane Krause, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA Matthew S. Krause, Herentals, Belgium Raymond A. Krause, Crop Consultants Inc, Colusa, CA Ulrike Krauss, CABI CLARC, Curepe, Trinidad Joseph P. Krausz, Clemson Univ, Pendleton, SC Hermann-Josef Krauthausen, Dittelsheim-Hessloch, Germany Harry Kreeft, Western Laboratories, Parma, ID John C. Krenetsky, Metro State College, Arvada, CO Alissa B. Kriss, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Goings Ann Kristina, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Gary T. Kristjansson, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada Ivana Krizanac, Inst of Plant Protection in Agric & Forestry, Zagreb, Croatia Thomas K. Kroll, Nufarm Americas, Inc., Hudson, WI Kathryn W. Kromroy, Minnesota Dept of Agriculture, St Paul, MN Roberto Kron Morelli, Agrifutur, Alfianello, Italy Bradley R. Kropp, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Robert R. Krueger, USDA ARS, Riverside, CA Thomas H. Kruk, Desert Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ Joseph M. Krupinsky, USDA ARS, Mandan, ND Larysa Kryuchkova, Inst of Plant Physiology & Genetics, Kyiv, Ukraine Ta-Li Kuan, Yulee Seed Co, Saratoga, CA Ryo Kubota, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Joseph Kuc, Torrance, CA Thomas A. Kucharek, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Giorgi Kuchukhidze, Garden Grove, CA E. George Kuhlman, Athens, GA Paul J. Kuhn, Syngenta Crop Protection, Vero Beach, FL Gretchen Kuldau, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Martin M. Kulik, Bethesda, MD P. Lava Kumar, IITA, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria Satyendra Kumar, New Delhi, India Ram Kumar Gupta, New Delhi, India Sushil Kumar Jain, Delhi, India Sridhara G. Kunjeti, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Suresh R. Kunkalikar, Mahyco Life Science Research Center, Jalna, Maharashtra, India Hitoshi Kunoh, Akatsuka Garden Co Ltd, Tsu, Japan Madhurababu Kunta, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX James E. Kuntz, Madison, WI James E. Kurle, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Arlene K. Kurokawa, Bayer CropScience, Fresno, CA Chester J. Kurowski, Harris Moran Seed Co, Davis, CA Alan Kurtz, Arysta LifeScience North America, Plymouth, IN Motoaki Kusaba, Saga Univ, Saga, Japan Mustafa Kusek, Univ of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey

Ajjamada C. Kushalappa, McGill Univ, SteAnneDeBellevue, QC, Canada Richard Kutin, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Joe Kuznia, Syngenta Crop Protection, Stanton, MN Rita A. Kuznia, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Stanton, MN Youn-Sig Kwak, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Jin-Hyeuk Kwon, Kyongsangnam Do Agric Res & Ext Ctr, Chinju City, South Korea Panayota E. Kyriakopoulou, Amaroussion, Greece John M. Labavitch, Univ of California, Davis, CA George H. Lacy, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Melvyn L. Lacy, Broken Arrow, OK Franklin F. Laemmlen, Univ of California, Santa Maria, CA Gaston Laflamme, Canadian Forest Service, Quebec, QC, Canada Joseph H. LaForest, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Mariana Laginova, Central Lab of Plant Quarantine, Sofia, Bulgaria Anastasia L. Lagopodi, Aristotelian Univ, Thessaloniki, Greece Kelly Lagor, Univ of California, la Jolla, CA Margit Laimer, Univ of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Mark D. Laing, Univ of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Rep of South Africa Dilip Kumar Lakshman, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Norman Lalancette, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ Lakhdar Lamari, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Lorenzo Lamattina, Univ of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Robert C. Lambe, Lambes Consulting, Port Ludlow, WA David H. Lambert, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Fran Lambert, Mariposa Tree Service, Rancho Santa Fe, CA Susan Jennifer Lambert, Univ of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia Jana S. Lamboy, Finger Lakes Community College, Canandaigua, NY H. Arthur Lamey, Fargo, ND Gregory L. Lamka, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA James A. LaMondia, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, Windsor, CT Kurt H. Lamour, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Robin S. Lamppa, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Sandra C. Lamprecht, Plant Protection Research Inst, Stellenbosch, Rep of South Africa Zhiwen Lan, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Oxnard, CA Blanca B. Landa Del Castillo, Univ of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Max A. Landes, BASF Corp, Dinuba, CA Wm. Ronald Landis, Landis International Inc, Valdosta, GA Peter J. Landschoot, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Jillian M. Lang, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Holly W. Lange, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Ralph M. Lange, Alberta Research Council, Vegreville, AB, Canada Marie A. Langham, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD David B. Langston, Jr., Tifton, GA Richard Lankow, ALK Abello, Round Rock, TX Christian Lannou, INRA, Thiverval Grignon, France William S. Lanterman, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Sidney, BC, Canada Mario Lanthier, CropHealth Advising & Research, Kelowna, BC, Canada Carrie Lapaire Harmon, Univ of Florida SPDN, Gainesville, FL Moshe Lapidot, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel

Francisco F. Laranjeira, EMBRAPA Mandioca & Fruticultura, Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil Robert P. Larkin, USDA ARS, Orono, ME Harold J. Larsen, Colorado State Univ, Grand Junction, CO Richard C. Larsen, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA Robert T. Lartey, USDA ARS, Sidney, MT Ramon Lastra, Caracas, Venezuela Richard Latin, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Bernardo A. Latorre, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile John A. Laurence, USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR Thomas H. Laurent, Douglas, AK Dennis A. Lawn, United Genetics Seeds, Hollister, CA Kathy S. Lawrence, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Roger H. Lawson, Columbia, MD Ana Laxalt, Univ of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Hualien Lay, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Taina Lay, Taipei, AP, Taiwan Rep of China Christine N. Layton, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY George Lazarovits, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada Gerard R. Lazo, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA Luis Lazo-Anaya, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Bay, AR Mi Ha Le, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO H. F. Le Roux, Citrus Research Intl, Mpumalanga, Rep of South Africa Charles M. Leach, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Jan E. Leach, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Megan Leach, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Andy Leadbeater, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland Gregorio Leandro, Dole Fresh Fruit Intl, San Jose, Costa Rica Leonor F. S. Leandro, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Kenneth T. Leath, Boalsburg, PA Steven Leath, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC George M. Leavitt, Madera, CA Curt Leben, Wooster, OH Jared LeBoldus, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Herve L. Lecoq, INRA, Montfavet, France Chun-Yi Lee, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Donghyuk Lee, Natl Horticulture Research Inst, Gyeongbuk, Korea Du-Hyung Lee, Univ of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea Fleet N. Lee, PhD, Univ of Arkansas, Stuttgart, AR Hee-Kyung Lee, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK JangHoon Lee, Chonnam Natl Univ, Gwangju, South Korea Joon Tak Lee, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South Korea Key Woon Lee, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South Korea Kwangwon Lee, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Richard F. Lee, USDA ARS, Riverside, CA Sangwon Lee, Univ of California, Davis, CA Seong-Hee Lee, USDA ARS Natl Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR Seon-Woo Lee, Dong-A Univ, Busan, Korea Seweon Lee, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Soon-Gu Lee, Andong Natl Univ, An-dong Kyong-Buk, South Korea Steven A. Lee, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Young Ran Lee, Inchon, Yenn Soo Gu, South Korea 95

Yung-An Lee, Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Hsin-Chuang, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Nancy K. Leffler, Monsanto Co, Waterman, IL Daniel E. Legard, California Strawberry Commission, Watsonville, CA Mary E. Leggett, Novozymes BioAg, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Andrzej B. Legocki, Inst of Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznan, Poland Jeffrey S. Lehman, Otterbein College, Westerville, OH Kirsi M. Lehto, Univ of Turku, Turku, Finland Carlo Leifert, Univ of Newcastle, Stocksfield, United Kingdom Gabriele M. E. Leinhos, DLR-Rheinpfalz, Schifferstadt, Germany Ted D. Leininger, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS Scott M. Leisner, Univ of Toledo, Toledo, OH Philippe Lemanceau, MSE INRA, Dijon, CEDEX, France Harold W. Lembright, Millbrae, CA Mary T. Lemere, Kettle Foods Inc, Beloit, WI Valacia Lemes Da Silva Lobo, EMBRAPA-CNPAF, Santo Antonio De Goiania, GO, Brazil Sergio L. Lenardon, INTA, Cordoba, Argentina Yueqiang Leng, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Chris Leon, Isagro, Madison, MS Kurt J. Leonard, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Amelie Lepage, Synagri, L’Assomption, QC, Canada Joe E. Lepo, Univ of West Florida, Pensacola, FL Udomsak Lertsuchatavanich, Kasetsart Univ, Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand John F. Leslie, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Kimberley Lesniak, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Duane J. LeTourneau, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID Lii S. Leu, Taiwan Ag Chem Toxic Subs Inst, Taiwan, Taiwan Rep of China C. Andre Levesque, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Laurene Levy, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST NPGBL, Beltsville, MD Monica M. Lewandowski, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Sharon M. Lewandowski, Hastings, MN Robert T. Lewellen, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Kimberly S. Lewers, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Katherine JoAn Lewis, Univ of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada Wendy A. Lewis, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Melanie Lewis Ivey, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Gregory A. Leyes, ISK Biosciences Corp, Concord, OH Norma Elena Leyva-Lopez, CIIDIR - Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico Bo Li, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Chunying Li, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Cunyu Li, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Dawei Li, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China De-Wei Li, PhD, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, Windsor, CT Guoqing Li, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples Rep of China Haiyan Li, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation Univ, Daqing, Peoples Rep of China Haiyan Li, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Honglian Li, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of China Hongxia Li, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China 96

Hongye Li, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou Zhejiang, Peoples Rep of China Hua Li, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Huaifang Li, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Huaping Li, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Jian-Gang Li, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Jianqiang Li, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China JiaRui Li, Manhattan, KS Jie Li, Univ of Toledo, Toledo, OH Jinyun Li, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Mingfu LI, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Ruhui Li, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Shidong Li, Chinese Academy of Agric Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Shuxian Li, USDA ARS CGPRU, Stoneville, MS Xiangdong Li, Shandong Agricultural Univ, Taian, Shandong, Peoples Rep of China Xiangqian Li, Univ of California At San Diego, La Jolla, CA Xingzong Li, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Xun Li, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Yonghao Li, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Yunfeng Li, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Huihong Liao, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Hui-Ling Liao, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Kelly Liberator, BASF, Cary, NC Daniele Liberti, PhD, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, Canada Margarita F. Licha, USDA APHIS PPQ, Laurel, MD Ann E. Lichens-Park, USDA CREES CP, Washington, DC Craig M. Liddell, Amulet Pharmaceuticals In, Mclean, VA Merion M. Liebenberg, ARC - Grain Crops Inst, Potchefstroom, Rep of South Africa James Andrew Liebman, El Cerrito, CA Lia Liefting, Ministry of Agric and Forestry, Auckland, New Zealand Bart Lievens, Scientia Terrae Research Inst, Sint-katelijne-waver, Belgium Fritz Light, San Luis Obispo, CA Erland Liljeroth, Swedish Univ of Agric Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden Sung M. Lim, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR J. Albersio A. Lima, University of Ceará, Fortaleza, DE, Brazil Chan-Pin Lin, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Ching-Yi Lin, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taiwan, Taiwan Rep of China Fei Lin, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Fu-Cheng Lin, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Hong Lin, USDA ARS PWA, Parlier, CA Liang-Shiou Lin, USDA CSREES CP, Washington, DC Ming-Tien Lin, Formosa Plastics Corp Texas, La Ward, TX Ruiming Lin, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China

John A. Lindbo, PhD, Univ of California, Davis, CA David C. Linde, BHN Research, Immokalee, FL Magdalen Lindeberg, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Robert G. Linderman, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Rico Linders, Syngenta Seeds, Enkhuizen, Netherlands Daniel L. Lindner, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI Steven E. Lindow, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Richard K. Lindquist, OHP Inc, Bozeman, MT Donald L. Lindsey, Las Cruces, NM Michael L. Lindsey, Global Organics LLC, Goodyear, AZ Roland F. Line, Pullman, WA Kai-shu Ling, USDA ARS, Charleston, SC Lee Ling, Los Altos, CA Wang Ling, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Ruey-Fen Liou, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Christopher R. Little, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Elizabeth L. Little, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Larry J. Littlefield, Albuquerque, NM Airong Liu, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Bo Liu, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Chien-Hui Liu, Known-You Seed Co Ltd, Pingtung, Taiwan Rep of China Dongfeng Liu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Feng Liu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Fengquan Liu, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Guangjie Liu, USDA ARS DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR Guokun Liu, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry Univ, Fujian, Guosheng Liu, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Hongxia Liu, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Hsing-Yeh Liu, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Jean Q. Liu, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Jianhua Liu, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Jinggao Liu, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX Jingyu Liu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Kaiqi Liu, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Lu Liu, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Qingchun Liu, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA Qingli Liu, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Qiongguang Liu, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Shengyi Liu, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Taiguo Liu, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Ting Liu, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Weicheng Liu, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Xi Li Liu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Xiaohong Liu, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Xingzhong Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Yong Liu, Hunan Plant Protection Inst, Changsha, MaPoLing, Peoples Rep of China

Zhaohui Liu, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Zhenyu Liu, Madison, WI Sam Livingston, Univ of California, Davis, CA William H. Livingston, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Erin M. Lizotte, Michigan State Univ, Lake Leelanau, MI Raixa Elena Llauger Riveron, Inst De Invest En Fruticultura Tropical, La Havana, Cuba Chaur-Tsuen Lo, Natl Formosa Univ, Yunlin, Taiwan Rep of China Warner Lo, Hunghom Kowloon, Hong Kong Beth A. Loberant, Arava Hoodia Growers, Naharia, Israel Murillo Lobo, Jr., EMBRAPA-CNPAF, Santo Antonio De Goiania, GO, Brazil James C. Locke, USDA ARS ATRU, Toledo, OH Ben E. Lockhart, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Chesley L. Lockhart, Kentville, NS, Canada John L. Lockwood, Okemos, MI Gad Loebenstein, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Loretta S. Loesch-Fries, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Renate Loewe, Loewe Biochemica GmbH, Sauerlach, Germany William Logan, Urban Arborists, Brooklyn, NY Charles E. Logsdon, Palmer, AK Steven A. Lommel, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC David H. Long, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC David L. Long, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Elizabeth A. Long, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Juying Long, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Robert P. Long, USDA FS, Delaware, OH Sara J. Long, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Joyce E. Loper, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Carlos Adrian Lopera, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Carlos A. Lopes, EMBRAPA Hortalicas, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Joao Lopes, Univ of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Ana Liza Lopez, Jose Rizal Memorial State College, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines Antonio A. Lopez, Syngenta Agro S.A., Madrid, Spain Jose A. Lopez, Marketing Arm Intl Inc, Port Charlotte, FL Maria M. Lopez, IVIA - Inst Valenciano De Invest Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain Carlos J. Lopez-Herrera, Inst De Agricultura Sostenible CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Melina Lopez-Meyer, CIIDIR - Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico James W. Lorbeer, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Amber Lorge, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Gladys A. Lori, Univ Nacl de La Plata, La Plata, BA, Argentina Rosemary Loria, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Matteo Lorito, Univ Degli Studi Di Napoli, Portici (NA), Italy Pongtharin Lotrakul, Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Binggan Lou, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Raymond Louie, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH Fabio Lozano, Miami, FL Hector Lozoya-Saldana, Estado De Mexico, Mexico Guihua Lu, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Guodong Lu, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry Univ, Fujian, Ping Lu, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Shien Lu, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Shun-Wen Lu, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Xin Lu, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 97

Leon T. Lucas, Carolinas Golf Association, Apex, NC Philippe Lucas, INRA Agrocampus, Le Rheu, CEDEX, France Sunny L. Lucas, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Robin Ludy, Oregon Dept of Agriculture, Salem, OR Christopher J. Luley, Urban Forestry LLC, Naples, NY Robert D. Lumsden, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD John E. Lundquist, USDA Forest Service, Anchorage, AK Chaoxi Luo, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Yong Luo, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Magally J. Luque-Williams, Riverside, CA Douglas G. Luster, USDA ARS, Fort Detrick, MD Jeffrey S. Lutton, Plant Sciences Inc, Watsonville, CA Edna Dora M. N. Luz, CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, Itabuna, BA, Brazil Stuart D. Lyda, Bryan, TX John Lydon, USDA ARS SASL, Beltsville, MD Ryan P. Lynch, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Junhong Ma, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Li-Jun Ma, Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA Liping Ma, Inst of Crop Genetics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, Peoples Rep of China Ping Ma, Inst of Plant Protection, Baoding, Hebei, Peoples Rep of China Zhanhong Ma, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Zhonghua Ma, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Robert B. Mabagala, Sokoine Univ of Agric, Morogoro, Tanzania Dumitru Macarisin, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV Mary Malendia Maccree, USDA ARS, Davis, CA James D. MacDonald, Univ of California, Davis, CA Marcos A. Machado, Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil William E. MacHardy, Univ of New Hampshire, Durham, NH Steven J. MacKenzie, Univ of Florida, Wimauma, FL Laurence V. Madden, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Angela M. Madeiras, Univ of Massachusetts, North Amherst, MA Juan Carlos Madrigal, Banana Development Corp, San Jose, Costa Rica Bene E. Madunagu, Univ of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Martine R. J. Maes, Centrum Landbouwkundig Onderzoek, Merelbeke, Belgium Diego C. Maeso, Montevideo CP, Uruguay Luiz A. Maffia, Univ Federal De Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Peter A. Magarey, SARDI, Loxton, SA, Australia Robert C. Magarey, BSES Advancing Sugar, Tully, QLD, Australia Roger D. Magarey, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, NC Hank Mager, Bayer CropScience, White Heath, IL Clint W. Magill, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Walter F. Mahaffee, USDA ARS HCRL, Corvallis, OR Siraprapa Mahanil, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Tariq Mahmood, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Mohamed Mahmoud Mazen, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Giza, Egypt Matthew J. Mahoney, Bayer CropScience, Oxford, MD Michael J. Mahovic, Virginia Tech, Painter, VA George S. Mahuku, CIMMYT Intl, Houston, TX Tom Maier, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Daniel J. Mailhot, Tallahassee, FL 98

Charles E. Main, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Ghislaine Majeau, Dupont, Newark, DE Yoshimi Makimoto, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI David Makowski, INRA, Thiverval-Grignon, France Marie A. Maks, Nichino America Inc, Wilmington, DE Gino Malaguti, Maracay, Venezuela Martha M. Malapi, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Carolyn M. Malmstrom, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Timothy S. Maloney, Agri-Tech Consulting, Janesville, WI Otis C. Maloy, Moscow, ID Dean K. Malvick, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Juju B. Manandhar, Dairyland Seed Co Inc, Gibson City, IL Mark K. Mancl, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Woodland, CA Paul D. Manion, Cazenovia, NY Jacob Manisterski, Tel Aviv Univ, Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv, Israel Billy T. Manji, Yuba City, CA Reinhold Mankau, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Denise Manker, AgraQuest, Inc., La Jolla, CA Harpartap S. Mann, St Paul, MN William J. Manning, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Leka Manoch, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Michele Ann Mansfield, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Bahram Mansoori, Fars Agric Research Center, Fars, Zargan, Iran Saara Mansouri, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Seyed Mojtaba Mansouripour, Tarbiat Modaress Univ, Tehran, Iran Sophie Mantelin, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Daniel K. Manter, USDA ARS NPA, Fort Collins, CO Paola Mantovani, Bologna, Italy Shulamit Manulis, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Bizeng Mao, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Zhen Chuan Mao, Chinese Academy of Agric Science, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Tetsuo Maoka, Hokkaido Natl Agric Research Center, Sapporo, Japan Costas B. Mappas, Thessalonici, Greece Lawrence J. Marais, Monterey Ag Resources, Visalia, CA Henri M. Maraite, Univ Catholique De Louvain, Louvain La Neuve, Belgium Karl Maramorosch, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Carissa N. Marasas, USDA APHIS, Riverdale, MD Guillermo J. March, INTA, Cordoba, Argentina Marco A. Marchetti, Gilchrist, TX Alberto Marcon, Dupont Ag Nutrition, Newark, DE Jose F. Marcos, IATA - CSIC, Valencia, Spain Daniel B. Marcum, Univ of California, Fall River Mills, CA Stephen M. Marek, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Jean-Philippe Marelli, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Paolo Margaria, Istituto Di Virologia Vegetale, CNR, Torino, Italy John T. Margaritopoulos, Univ of Thessaly, Magnesia, Volos, Greece Jonathan Margolis, AgraQuest, Davis, CA Dennis A. Margosan, USDA - ARS, Fresno, CA Julio Ernesto Marin Horna, SENASA - Natl Agrarian Health Service, Lima, Peru Sasha C. Marine, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Daniel F. Marion, Canandaigua, NY Samuel G. Markell, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Denise M. Markle, North Dakota State Univ, Minot, ND

David J. Marks, Plant Impact plc, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom Aniedi-Abasi A. Markson, Univ of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria James J. Marois, Univ of Florida, Quincy, FL Clarissa J. Maroon-Lango, USDA APHIS PPQ PHP PGQP, Beltsville, MD Steven K. Marquardt, Potato Certification, Alliance, NE Maria del Pilar Marquez Villavicenci, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Robert E. Marra, Connecticut Agric Experiment Station, New Haven, CT Mohamed Marrakchi, INAT, Tunis, Tunisia Glorimar Marrero, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Pamela G. Marrone, Marrone Organic Innovations, Davis, CA David S. Marshall, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC Michael R. Marshall, Shippensburg Univ, Shippensburg, PA Philip T. Marshall, Salem, IN Giovanni P. Martelli, Univ Degli Studi Di Bari, Bari, Italy Gerald D. Martens, BASF Canada Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada Eduardo E. Martillo Chalo, Agripac S.A., Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador Frank N. Martin, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Kathleen M. Martin, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Kendall J. Martin, William Paterson Univ, Wayne, NJ Kirk W. Martin, Gainesville, FL Marsha J. Martin, DuPont Ag & Nutrition, Columbus, OH Robert R. Martin, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Samuel B. Martin, Pee Dee Research & Education Ctr, Florence, SC William R. Martin, BioWorks Inc, Victor, NY Albert P. Martinez, Dunnellon, FL Carole Martinez, PhD, Premier Horticulture, Riviere Du Loup, QC, Canada Jaime J. Martinez, Univ Autonoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico Mike Martinez, Marrone Organic Innovations, Fresno, CA Ainhoa Martinez Medina, CEBAS - CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain Jose Luis Martinez Ramirez, Univ De Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico Yamila Martinez Zubiaur, PhD, Centro Nacl De Sanidad Agropecuaria, La Havana, Cuba Alfredo D. Martinez-Espinoza, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA J M S Martins, Oeiras, Portugal Charlie A. Martinson, Ames, IA Raymond D. Martyn, Jr., Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Mizuri Marutani, Univ of Florida, Vero Beach, FL Donald H. Marx, Plant Health Care Inc, Frogmore, SC Shinyi L. Marzano, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Fabio Mascher, Agroscope ACW, Nyon, Switzerland Jongkit Masiri, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL Curtis L. Mason, N Little Rock, AR Phillip A. Mason, USDA APHIS PPQ, Ft Collins, CO Saad A. Masri, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Sidney, BC, Canada Hossain Massumi, Shahid Bahonar Univ of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Glafera Janet B. Matanguihan, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Michael L. Matheny, Envera, Coatesville, PA

Michael E. Matheron, Univ of Arizona, Yuma, AZ Febina M. Mathew, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Deborah M. Mathews, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Robert L. Mathiasen, Northern Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ Sandra Marisa Mathioni, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Don E. Mathre, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Yoshinori Matsuda, Kinki Univ, Nara, Japan Ayumi Matsumoto, PhD, Univ of California, Davis, CA Keishi Matsumura, AgriSystemSolutions Inc, Kochi, Japan Nobuaki Matsuyama, Setagaya-ku, Japan James A. Matteoni, Kwantlen Univ, Surrey, BC, Canada Mark A. Matthews, Univ of California, Davis, CA Ann G. Matthysse, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Chakradhar Mattupalli, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI John M. Matuszak, US Dept of State/OES, Silver Spring, MD Brigitte Mauch-Mani, Univ of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland Peggy A. Mauk, Univ of California Coop Ext Svc, Riverside, CA Dmitri Mavrodi, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Olga V. Mavrodi, PhD, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Vessela A. Mavrodieva, USDA APHIS PPQ, Beltsville, MD Douglas P. Maxwell, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Nancy L. Maxwell, Bridgeton, NJ John May, Penn State Univ, Port Matilda, PA Matthew E. May, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA Sara R. May, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Mari Mayama, Shikoku Univ, Tokushima City, Japan Shigeyuki Mayama, Kobe Univ, Kobe, Japan Richard T. Mayer, Bogart, GA Dennis E. Mayhew, Frenchtown, MT Shanna A. Mazurek, North Dakota State University, Minot, ND Mark Mazzola, USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA Gladys C. Y. Mbofung, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Mamadou Mboup, INRA, Thiverval Grignon, France Cesaria E. McAlpin, USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Peoria, IL Jenifer H. McBeath, Univ of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK Arthur H. McCain, Lafayette, CA David S. McCall, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Brent D. McCallum, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada James P. McCarter, Divergence Inc, St Louis, MO Curt McCartney, Univ of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada William O. McCartney, Sacramento, CA Ali E. McClean, Univ of California, Davis, CA Kevin McCluskey, Univ of Missouri, Kansas City, MO Susan R. McCouch, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Francis I. McCracken, Southern Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS Larry L. McDaniel, Dept of Homeland Security, Germantown, MD Bruce A. McDonald, Plant Pathology/Inst of Integrative Biology, Zurich, Switzerland Geral I. McDonald, US Forest Service, Moscow, ID John G. McDonald, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada Mary Ruth McDonald, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Sharon McDonald, Ministry of Agriculture, JAMAICA, Kingston 20, Jamaica Virginia T. McDonald, Corvallis, OR Dair A. McDuffee, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Fred D. McElroy, Clark Nuber CPA’s, Bellevue, WA

99

Wendy McFadden-Smith, McSmith Agricultural Research Services, Vineland Station, ON, Canada Janis F. McFarland, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Denis C. McGee, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Gayle C. McGhee, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Robert J. McGovern, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Margaret T. McGrath, Cornell Univ, Riverhead, NY Molly J. McGrath, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI W. Thomas McGrath, Nacogdoches, TX Cecilia McGregor, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA John R. McGrew, Hanover, PA Karen McGuire, EnviroLogix, Portland, ME Sean P. McHugh, Cleveland Metro Park Systems, Bedford, OH Bond McInnes, DuPont, Hahira, GA Robert A. McIntosh, Univ of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia Alistair Hartley McKay, Univ of California, Val Verde, CA Wilbert E. McKeen, London, ON, Canada Mary E. McKellar, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Thomas E. McKemie, BASF Corp, Raleigh, NC John M. McKemy, USDA APHIS PPQ, Beltsville, MD Barry M. McKeown, BASF PLC, Cheadle, Cheshire, United Kingdom Simon J. McKirdy, CRC for National Plant Biosecurity, Deakin, ACT, Australia Jennifer M. McLain-Romero, California Dept of Food & Agriculture, Fresno, CA Debbie L. McLaren, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada Neal Wynne McLaren, Univ of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Rep of South Africa Inga McLaughlin, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Michael R. McLaughlin, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS Randy J. McLaughlin, Columbia Technical Associates LLC, Wenatchee, WA Wayne McLaughlin, Univ of West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica Adele McLeod, Univ of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Rep of South Africa Patricia S. McManus, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Anthony J. McMechan, Northwest Research & Outreach Center, Crookston, MN Robert T. McMillan, Jr., Kerry’s Nursery Inc, Homestead, FL Marcia P. McMullen, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Harold S. McNabb, Jr., Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Richard Ryan McNally, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Michael J. McNeill, Ag Advisory Ltd, Algona, IA Timothy W. McNellis, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Robert B. McReynolds, Oregon State Univ, Aurora, OR John J. McRitchie, Gainesville, FL Neil McRoberts, Scottish Agric College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Brian B. McSpadden Gardener, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Michael G. McWilliams, Oregon Department of Forestry, Salem, OR Chris B. Meador, PhD, Valent USA Corp, Greenville, MS Michael E. Meadows, Florida Dept of Agric & Con Serv, Miami, FL Flavio Medeiros, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil Carmen M. Medina-Mora, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI 100

Ellis T. M. Meekes, Naktuinbouw, Roelofarendsveen, Netherlands Feridoon Mehdizadegan, USDA, Raleigh, NC Hillary L. Mehl, USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ Prem Mehta, Betaseed Inc, Kimberly, ID Wang Meinan, PhD, Washington Sate Univ, Pullman, WA Jack P. Meiners, Silver Spring, MD Lyndel W. Meinhardt, USDA ARS SPCL, Beltsville, MD Steven W. Meinhardt, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Charles W. Meister, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Daami Mejda, INRAT, Chott-Mariem Sousse, Tunisia Luis Mejia, Univ San Carlos, Guatemala Zona 12, Guatemala Luis C. Mejia, USDA ARS SMML, Beltsville, MD Tefera Mekuria, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Ulrich K. Melcher, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Gary Melchior, Gowan Co, Walla Walla, WA Jose M. Melero-Vara, Inst Agricultura Sostenible CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Jose C. Melgar, FHIA, San Pedro Sula, Cortes, Honduras Paloma Melgarejo, INIA CIT, Madrid, Spain Tomas Melgarejo, Univ Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru Anthemis Melifronidou-Pantelidou, Nicosia, Cyprus Michael A. Mellano, Mellano & Co, San Luis Rey, CA Michael H. Mellano, Mellano & Co, San Luis Rey, CA H. Charles Mellinger, Glades Crop Care Inc, Jupiter, FL Rachel L. Melnick, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Maeli Melotto, Univ of Texas, Arlington, TX Hassan A. Melouk, USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK Thomas A. Melton, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Maria N. Melzer, Phyton Corp, New Hope, MN Jorge I. Mena-Ali, Amherst College, Amherst, MA Roger Menard, Forest Health Protection, Pineville, LA Jaime Mendez, Syngenta, Naples, FL Jesus Mendez-Lozano, CIIDIR - Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico Kurt W. Mendgen, Univ of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany Jorge M. Mendoza, FIADE CINCAE, Guayaquil, Ecuador Jan C. Meneley, Ag Bio Development Inc, Westminster, CO Baozhong Meng, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Fanhong Meng, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Qingxiao Meng, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Shaowu Meng, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Alemu Mengistu, USDA ARS, Jackson, TN Jon Robert Menke, USDA ARS Cereal Disease Lab, Minneapolis, MN James G. Menzies, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Jesus Mercado-Blanco, Inst Agricultura Sostenible CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Julien Mercier, Driscoll Strawberry Assoc Inc, Watsonville, CA Fuencisla Merino, Univ Da Coruna, La Coruna, Spain Joyce L. Merritt, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL E. Anne Merryfield, Medford, OR Zelalem Mersha, Leibniz Univ Hannover, Hannover, Germany James C. Mertely, Univ of Florida, Wimauma, FL Ueli Merz, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Belinda J. Messenger, California Pesticide Regulation, Davis, CA Akos Mesterhazy, Cereal Research Non Profit Co Inst, Szeged, Hungary Jean-Pierre Metraux, Univ De Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

Michael S. Metzger, Minn Dak Farmers Cooperative, Wahpeton, ND Twng Wah Mew, Intl Rice Research Inst, Metro Manila, Philippines Melody M. Meyer, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA Michael D. Meyer, Springfield, IL Paul W. Meyer, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Susan L. Meyer, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD William A. Meyer, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Monica Mezzalama, CIMMYT, Mexico, DF, Mexico Joseph Mwafaida Mghalu, PhD, Pwani Univ College, Kilifi, Kenya Douglas W. Miano, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Weiguo Miao, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Richard Mibei, Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya Alan H. Michael, Penn State Univ, Dauphin, PA Themis J. Michailides, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Jeffrey A. Michel, Bayer Environmental Science, Orlando, FL Vincent V. Michel, Swiss Federal Res Station, Conthey, Switzerland Richard E. Michell, Dale City, VA Sami J. Michereff, Univ Federal Rural De Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil Santiago Xavier Mideros Mora, Ithaca, NY Stela Dalva V. Midlej-Silva, CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, Itabuna, BA, Brazil Manfred E. Mielke, US Forest Service, St Paul, MN Quirico Migheli, Univ Degli Studi Di Sassari, Sassari, Italy Roberto Miglino, Bloembollenkeuringsdienst BKD, Lisse, Netherlands Flavio C. Miguens, PhD, Univ Est Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil Jeanne D. Mihail, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Asimina L. Mila, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Gene M. Milbrath, Salem, OR Monte R. Miles, USDA ARS, Champaign, IL Andrew W. Milgate, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Inst, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia Roy L. Millar, Oceanside, CA Debbie D. Miller, The Davey Tree Expert Co, Kent, OH Douglas E. Miller, Illinois Crop Improvement Assn, Champaign, IL Gerald L. Miller, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC James D. Miller, Fargo, ND Marilyn L. Miller, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Nathan L. Miller, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Robert C. Miller, Rice Tec Inc, Alvin, TX Robert W. Miller, Happy Berry Consulting DBA, Six Mile, SC Sally A. Miller, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Terry D. Miller, Miller Research Inc, Rupert, ID Thomas Miller, Gainesville, FL Benjamin P. Millett, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Steve M. Millett, Hummert Intl, Earth City, MO David E. Millhouse, BASF Research Station, Dinuba, CA Janelle Millhouse, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Annett Milling, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Dallice I. Mills, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Dennis R. Mills, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Katherine Mills Lujan, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA

Joel J. Milner, Glasgow Univ, Glasgow, United Kingdom Eugene A. Milus, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Charles W. Mims, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Jiyoung Min, Natl Inst of Crop Science, Suwon, Korea Kiwamu Minamisawa, Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Japan Gaylord I. Mink, Prosser, WA Earl B. Minton, Leland, MS Srecko (John) M. Mircetich, USDA ARS, Davis, CA Oscar M. Mireles, USDA APHIS PPQ, Brownsville, TX Mustafa Mirik, Univ of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey T. Erik Mirkov, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Chester J. Mirocha, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Kazuyuki Mise, Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan Henry R. Mitchell, FMC Corp, Louisville, MS Joe M. Mitchell, BASF Corp, Tampa, FL John E. Mitchell, Madison, WI Melanie Mitchell, Oregon State Univ, Covallis, OR Thomas K. Mitchell, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Melissa Goellner Mitchum, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Nathaniel A. Mitkowski, Univ of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI Amit Mitra, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Ruchira Mitra, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Sasa K. Mitrev, Univ of Stip, Stip, Macedonia Shipra Mittal, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Volker Mittendorf, BASF Plant Science LLC, Durham, NC Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti, Univ Federal De Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Franka Mlikota Gabler, Coarsegold, CA Margaret T. Mmbaga, Tennessee State Univ, Mc Minnville, TN Mary E. Moberg, Swan River, MN Kira E. Mock, The Natl Academies, Washington, DC Raymond G. Mock, USDA ARS NGRL, Beltsville, MD Roberto Carlos Moctezuma Gutierrez, Univ Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico Ocen Modesto Olanya, USDA ARS, Orono, ME Peter Moffett, Boyce Thompson Inst for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY Shizuo S. Mogi, Research Inst Spice & Med Crops, Jawa Barat, Indonesia Ehab Ali Deiaa Mohamed Sarhan, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Giza, Egypt Mojtaba Mohammadi, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE Caroline Mohammed, Univ of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia S. Krishna Mohan, Univ of Idaho, Parma, ID Neni Kartini Che Mohd Ramli, Univ Teknologi Mara, Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia Younes Y. Molan, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Agustin B. Molina, Bioversity International, Laguna, Philippines Leire Molinero, IAS CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Julio E. Molineros, Penn State, State College, PA Simon M. Moll, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Dimitre S. Mollov, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Bruce D. Moltzan, Missouri Dept of Conservation, Columbia, MO Timur M. Momol, Univ of Florida, Quincy, FL Ian R. Moncrief, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Ethel Oranga Monda, Kenyatta Univ, Nairobi, Kenya Judit Monis, STA Laboratories Inc, Longmont, CO Enrique Monte, Univ de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Lucio Montecchio, UniversitĂ di Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy Mauricio Montero Astua, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 101

Roberto Montes-Belmont, Centro De Desarrollo De Productos Bioticos, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico Tong Yang Moolsan, KT&G, Seoul, South Korea Geromy G. Moore, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC James F. Moore, Jr., Sunny Hills Orchard, Bowling Green, KY Jerry W. Moore, Oklahoma State Univ, Perkins, OK Laurence D. Moore, VPI & State Univ, Radford, VA Scott Moore, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Gary W. Moorman, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Orly Mor, Zeraim Gedera Seed Growers Co Ltd, Gedera, Israel Juan Moral, Univ De Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Jose Luciano Morales Garcia, Michoacana Univ of San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Uruapan Michoacan, Mexico Patrick J. Moran, USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX Sergio D. Moreira, Utsunomiya Univ, Utsunomiya, Japan Oscar Alberto Moreno-Valenzuela, CICY UBBMP, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico David P. Morgan, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Salvatore Moricca, Univ of Firenze, Firenze, Italy Enrique Moriones, CSIC, Malaga, Spain R. A. A. Morrall, Univ of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Jeffrey J. Morrell, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Abigail F. Morris, East Lansing, MI Cindy E. Morris, INRA, Montfavet, France T. Jack Morris, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Jennifer E. Morrison, AQIS, Eagle Farm, QLD, Australia Steven L. Morrison, Answers for Agriculture, San Diego, CA Shannon C. Morsello, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Kadry Mostafa Morsy, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Giza, Egypt Knud Mortensen, Balgonie, SK, Canada H. Vincent Morton, Viva Inc, Greensboro, NC Dean Mosdell, PhD, Syngenta, Newbury Park, CA Gloria Maria Mosquera, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Eugenie L. Moss, Cynthiana, KY Michael A. Moss, Syngenta, Greensboro, NC Ralph E. Motsinger, Winterville, GA Bassim Mounssef, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Lacey L. Mount, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Ernesto A. Moya, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT James W. Moyer, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Michelle M. Moyer, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Anne-Laure Moyne, Univ of California, Davis, CA Wellington Muchero, Univ of California, Riverside, CA James John Muchovej, A&J Agronomic Diagnostics Inc, Lloyd, FL Mary Beth Mudgett, Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA Daren S. Mueller, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA James P. Mueller, Dow AgroSciences, Brentwood, CA John D. Mueller, Edisto Res & Ed Ctr, Blackville, SC Tristan A. Mueller, Bayer CropScience, Earlham, IA Per M. Muhlenbock, Ghent Univ, Belgium, Lidingö, Sweden Mala Mukherjee, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Som S. Mukherjee, State Univ of New York, Syracuse, NY Fujio Mukumoto, Sumitomo Chemical Company, Takarazuka, Hyogo, Japan Matthew W. Mulanax, Salinas, CA Santosh A. Mulay, Nunhems India Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India Jacqueline Mullen, Auburn Univ, Auburn Univ, AL Joe S. Mullinax, Turlock, CA Stephen W. Mullis, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Robert P. Mulrooney, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE 102

Eugene Paul Mumma, Jr., Loranger, LA Isabel A. Munck, Madison, WI Nicole Mundell, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Christopher C. Mundt, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Alejandro Munez, Dole Philippine Inc, Davao City, Philippines Gary P. Munkvold, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Kazunori Murao, Sakata Seed Co Ltd, Chiba, Japan Amit Murar, LRS Inst of TB & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India Hitoshi Murata, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan Jesus Murillo, Univ Publica De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain Adriana Murillo-Williams, Universidad de Costa RIca, San José, Costa Rica Agnes M. Murphy, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada Alan P. Murphy, Abraham Baldwin Agric College, Tifton, GA John F. Murphy, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL Robert O. Murphy, Professional Supply, Port Saint Lucie, FL Marion S. Murray, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Timothy D. Murray, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Barbara D. Muse, Souderton, PA Ronald R. Muse, Souderton, PA George H. Musson, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Theodore R. Muth, City Univ of New York - Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY Senthil-Kumar Muthappa, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Vijay Muthukumar, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Lisa R. S. Myers, Ministry of Agriculture, St Catherine, Jamaica Roxana Y. Myers Cabos, Hilo, HI Kirankumar Mysore, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Alexis Kathrine Nagel, Clemson Univ, Greenville, SC Annemarie M. Nagle, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Peter D. Nagy, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Brenda Walsh Nailor, Engage Agro Corp, Guelph, ON, Canada Takashi Nakajima, Natl Agric Res Ctr Kyushu Okinawa Region, Kumamoto, Japan Shigeo Nakamura, Miyagi Prefectural Agric & Hortic Res Ctr, Miyagi, Japan Mark K. Nakhla, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Beltsville, MD Sridevi Nakka, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL F. Ameena Nalim, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM Aldo Nally, Potomac, MD Myeong-Hyeon Nam, PhD, Nonsan Strawberry Exp Station, Nonsan, South Korea Shigetou Namba, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Siranush Nanagyulyan, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia Rangaraj Nandakumar, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Dilip Nandwani, Northern Marianas College, Saipan, MP Kazuhiko Narisawa, Ibaraki Univ, Inashiki, Japan Dario F. Narvaez, Univ of Florida, Tallahassee, FL Bouzid Nasraoui, Ecole Superieure D’Agriculture Du Kef, Le Kef, Tunisia Keiko T. Natsuaki, Tokyo Univ of Agric, Setagaya-Ku, Japan Tomohide Natsuaki, Utsunomiya Univ, Utsunomiya, Japan Lowell R. Nault, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Duroy A. Navarre, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA Rosa Navarrete Maya, FES C UNAM, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico

Juan A. Navas-Cortes, Inst Agricultura Sostenible CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Shrishail S. Navi, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Murali M. Nayudu, Australian Natl University, Canberra, ACT, Australia Stephen M. Neate, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Dan Neely, Cape Girardeau, MO Claire Neema, AgroParisTech, PARIS, France Deborah Neher, Univ of Vermont, Burlington, VT Oliver T. Neher, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT David B. Nehl, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Camden, Australia Naghmeh Nejat, Univ Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Angela H. Nelson, Ithaca, NY Berlin D. Nelson, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Bruce A. Nelson, Clackamas Community College, Oregon City, OR David L. Nelson, USDA Forest Service, Provo, UT Eric B. Nelson, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Henry E. Nelson, Kinki Univ, Nara, Japan Mark E. Nelson, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Michael D. Nelson, Plant Sciences Inc, Watsonville, CA Rebecca J. Nelson, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Richard S. Nelson, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Scot C. Nelson, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Hilo, HI Lev G. Nemchinov, USDA ARS MPPL, Beltsville, MD Stan Nemec, Auburn, AL David K. Nendick, Ministry of Agriculture, Wellington, New Zealand Yeshwant L. Nene, Asian Agri-History Foundation, Secunderabad, India Achala Nepal, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Robert B. Nesbitt, Jr., Nesbitt & Assoc Hort Consultants, Orange, CA Krystle L. Ness, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Dirk W. Netz, Lake Mills, WI Maria S. Newcomb, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Melvin A. Newman, Univ of Tennessee Extension, Jackson, TN Michael R. Newnam, Bayer Environmental Science, Clayton, NC Eng Hwa Ng, Univ of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA James Ng, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Henry K. Ngugi, Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA Terry L. Niblack, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Jennifer S. Nicholson, USDA-APHIS-Plant Protection and Quarantine, Raleigh, NC Julie Nicol, CIMMYT Intl, Ankara, Turkey Philippe C. Nicot, INRA, Montfavet, France Nancy Nie, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Naples, FL Xianzhou Nie, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada Joseph F. Niedbalski, St Louis, MO Edward L. Nigh, Jr., Arizona AgCon Inc, Tucson, AZ Maria Nihlgaard, Syngenta Seeds AB, Landskrona, Sweden Ekaterina V. Nikolaeva, Penn State, Harrisburg, PA Rients E. Niks, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands Hans-Eric Nilsson, Uppsala, Sweden David Nino-Liu, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA

Siddapura Ramachandra Niranjana, PhD, Univ of Mysore, Mysore, India Claudia Nischwitz, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Masamichi Nishiguchi, Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Japan Kate A. Nishijima, USDA ARS, Hilo, HI Wayne T. Nishijima, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Takeshi T. Nishio, Izumi-Ku, Yokohama, Japan Zenta Nishio, Hokkaido Natl Agric Res Ctr, Memuro, Japan Mizuho Nita, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Amy L. Niver, Monsanto Co, Waterman, IL Shannon Nix, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Evans Nyaga Njambere, Washinton State Univ, Pullman, WA Samuel M. C. Njoroge, Univ of California, Salinas, CA Juan Carlos Noa-Carrazana, Univ Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico James P. Noe, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Kenneth A. Noegel, Leawood, KS Patricia A. Nolan, County of San Diego, San Diego, CA Gustavo N. B. Nolasco, Univ Do Algarve - NIF 505387271, FERN, Faro, Portugal Josep M. Nolla Jordana, Lleida, Spain Barry L. Nolt, Bloomsburg Univ, Bloomsburg, PA Phillip Nolte, Univ of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID Remi S. Nono Womdim, AVRDC, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania Teruo Nonomura, Kinki Univ, Nara, Japan John T. Nordgaard, Black Gold Farms, Grand Forks, ND Eric Nordlie, Bailey Nurseries Inc, St Paul, MN Berit Nordskog, Bioforsk Norwegian Inst Agric & Envl Res, As, Norway John L. Norelli, USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV David J. Norman, Univ of Florida, Apopka, FL Philip R. Northover, Manitoba Agric & Food, Carman, MB, Canada Ann S. Northrup, Los Gatos, CA David Noshad, Canadian Forest Services, Victoria, BC, Canada Shahideh Nouri, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Adrijana Novak, Inst of Plant Protection in Agric & Forestry, Zagreb, Croatia Fernando Nuez Vinals, Univ Politecnica De Valencia, Valencia, Spain Refik M. Numic, Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina Cristiano Caixeta Nunes, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Joe Nunez, Univ of California Coop Ext, Bakersfield, CA Leonard Nunney, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Donald L. Nuss, Univ of Maryland, Rockville, MD Forrest W. Nutter, Jr., Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Andrew P. Nyczepir, USDA ARS, Byron, GA Leopold M. Nyochembeng, Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL Robert F. Nyvall, Grand Rapids, MN Steven W. Oak, USDA FS, Asheville, NC John H. O’Barr, BASF Corp, Hummelstown, PA Kehinde C. Obasa, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Tom T. Oben, Univ of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Vitus Ikechukwu Obi, Chai, Zaragoza, Spain Patricia Oyibo Obilo, Federal Univ of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria Brent W. Oblinger, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Motshwari Obopile, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Aleksa Obradovic, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia 103

John B. O’Brien, NACS LLC, Watertown, CT Joseph G. O’Brien, USDA Forest Service, St Paul, MN James O. Obuya, Univ of Wyoming, Laramie, WY Cynthia M. Ocamb, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Jose-Luis Ochoa, CIBNOR SC, La Paz, Mexico Salvador Ochoa Ascencio, Michoacana Univ of San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Uruapan Michoacan, Mexico Yisa Maria Ochoa Fuentes, Univ Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Aquascaliates, Mexico Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona, Ministry of Agric & Forestry/ Biosecurity New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand Daniel L. Ochoa-Martínez, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, DF, Mexico Julius Onyango Ochuodho, Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya Scott Ockey, Chemtura Corp, Yakima, WA Kylea J. Odenbach, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH William C. Odle, Valent USA Corp, Richardson, TX Cheryle Ann O’Donnell, Univ of California, Davis, CA Gary N. Odvody, Texas A&M Univ, Corpus Christi, TX Erich-Christian Oerke, Univ of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Neil J. Ogg, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Eunsung Oh, Korea Forest Res Inst, Seoul, Korea Hiroyuki Ohara, Doshisha Womens Univ, Kyoto, Japan Daisuke Ohgami, Hokuren, Naganuma, Hokkaido, Japan Satoshi T. Ohki, Osaka Prefecture Univ, Sakai, Osaka, Japan Takehiro Ohki, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan Mana Ohkura, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Kouhei Ohnishi, Kochi Univ, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan Howard D. Ohr, Buffalo, WY Kazusato Ohshima, Saga Univ, Saga, Japan Yasuo Ohto, Japan Intl Res Ctr for Agric Sciences, Okinawa, Japan Peter Sande Ojiambo, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United Kingdom Hiroshi Okamoto, Fukui, Japan Grace OKeefe, USDA APHIS PPQ, University Park, PA Hachiro Oku, Okayama, Japan Takashi Oku, Hiroshima Prefectural Univ, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan Patricia A. Okubara, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Seiichi Okuda, Utsunomiya Univ, Utsunomiya, Japan Wahab O. Okunowo, Univ of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria Rabiu Onaolapo Olatinwo, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Gilberto Olaya, Syngenta Crop Protection, Vero Beach, FL Patricia F. O’Leary, Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC John W. Olive, Ornamental Hort Substation, Mobile, AL Marivac L. Oliveira, CEPLAC CEPEC SEFIT, Itabuna, BA, Brazil Jonathan E. Oliver, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Richard P. Oliver, Murdoch Univ, Perth, WA, Australia Florencia Pia Olivieri, Univ Nacl De Mar Del Plata, Mar Del Plata, Argentina Hans C. Olsen, Bayer ES, Wildomar, CA Mary W. Olsen, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Brian D. Olson, Dow AgroSciences LLC, Geneva, NY Heather A. Olson, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Asa Olsson, Nordic Beet Research, Bjarred, Sweden Babatunde Olubajo, USDA ARS, Athens, GA Jessica K. O’Mara, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Judith L. O’Mara, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Rustem T. Omarov, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX 104

Daniel W. Omdal, Dept of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA Joe A. Omielan, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Michael E. Omunyin, Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya Toshihiro Omura, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Nichole R. O’Neill, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Kevin Ong, Texas A&M Univ, Dallas, TX Maria Onofrietti, Bayer CropScience, Durham, NC Charles Onyeani, Olabisi Onabanjo Univ, Lagos, Nigeria Nwanma B. Onyike, Abia State Univ, Uturu Abia State, Nigeria Jeri J. Ooka, Univ of Hawaii, Kapaa, HI Dan C. Opgenorth, California Dept of Food & Agric, Sacramento, CA Mary Orcutt, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Arroyo Grande, CA Maria E. Ordonez, USDA Cereal Disease Lab, St Paul, MN David J. Ormrod, Langley, BC, Canada Mario Orozco-Santos, INIFAP, Colima, Mexico Maria Andrea Ortega, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Juan Ortega Aranda, Agrofresas S.A., Seville, Spain Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Loretta M. Ortiz-Ribbing, University of Illinois, Macomb, IL Lawrence E. Osborne, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD W. Wyatt Osborne, IAI Inc, South Boston, VA Robert M. Osburn, EMD Crop BioScience Inc, Milwaukee, WI Kehinde Yejide O. Osikanlu, PhD, Chicago, IL Jairo A. Osorio, Corpoica, Bogota, AA, Colombia Manuel D. Ospina-Giraldo, Lafayette College, Easton, PA Gary W. Osteen, Bakersfield, CA Jeff J. Oster, California Rice Research Foundation, Biggs, CA Nancy K. Osterbauer, Oregon Dept of Agric, Salem, OR Hanne Ostergard, Riso Natl Lab, Roskilde, Denmark Andrea Ostrofsky, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME William D. Ostrofsky, Augusta, ME Michael E. Ostry, USDA FS, St Paul, MN Hiroshi Otani, Tottori Univ, Tottori, Japan Osama Othman, Zagazig Univ, Zagazig, Egypt William J. Otrosina, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA Lindsey K. Otto-Hanson, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Shu-Huang Ou, Palo Alto, CA Seiji Ouchi, Oregon State Univ, Nara, Japan Peter V. Oudemans, Rutgers Univ, Chatsworth, NJ Henry M. Ouimet, Waterbury, CT David G. Ouimette, Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN Amos Ovadia, Agronomia - Agricultural Svcs (2001) Ltd, Rehovot, Israel Kirk L. Overmyer, Univ of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Santford V. Overton, Ringoes, NJ Kristina J. Owens, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Beltsville, MD Robert A. Owens, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Bonnie H. Ownley, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Deji Owolabi, Univ of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria Zahide Ozdemir, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Umit Ozyilmaz, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Andrea M. Pabon, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL R. P. Pacumbaba, Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL Guy Boyd Padgett, Louisiana State Univ, Winnsboro, LA Annamalai Padmanaban, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Mi-Sook Pae, Inchon City, South Korea Maria Cristina Pagani, BASF Corp, Raleigh, NC Mirang Pak, MYU Consulting, Seoul, South Korea

Vijay S. Pal, New Delhi, India Edwin R. Palencia, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Vicente Pallas, IBMCP UPV CSIC, Valencia, Spain Einar W. Palm, Columbia, MO Aaron J. Palmateer, Univ of Florida, Homestead, FL Cristi L. Palmer, Rutgers Univ, Princeton, NJ Mary E. Palm-Hernandez, USDA APHIS PPQ, Beltsville, MD Angel Palomo, Univ Nac Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru Lluis Palou, IVIA, Postharvest Technology Center, Montcada, Valencia, Spain Peter F. Palukaitis, Scottish Crop Research Inst, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom Jeffrey Palumbo, USDA ARS WRRC, Albany, CA Qinghua Pan, PhD, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Ruqian Pan, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Youwen Pan, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Daniel G. Panaccione, West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV Suresh Pande, ICRISAT, Andhra Pradesh, India Marli F. S. Papa, UNESP FEIS, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil George C. Papavizas, Beltsville, MD Joseph M. Papenfuss, Fountain Green, UT Epaminondas Paplomatas, Agric Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece Athanasios C. Pappas, Univ of Thessaly, Magnesia, Greece Hanumantha R. Pappu, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Ampaiwan Paradornuwat, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand D. B. Parakh, Natl Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India Juan Paredes, Agricola Pampa Baja S.A.C., Arequipa, Peru Luciana C. Parent, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Mathews L. Paret, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Benedicte Pariaud, INRA, Thiverval Grignon, France Paivi Parikka, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Finland Roberta Paris, Univ of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Paulo Parizzi, Univ Federal De Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Eun Woo Park, Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea Gyungsoon Park, PhD, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Ji Hyun Park, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Myung Soo Park, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Seung Moon Park, Chonbuk Natl Univ, Chon-Ju, Korea Soon Park, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX Sunjung Park, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Yong-Soon Park, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Jennifer L. Parke, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Diana M. Parker, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Paul E. Parker, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Edinburg, TX Shane R. Parker, Univ of California, Davis, CA Elizabeth Parks, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Wesley Parks, Clayton, NC Venkatesan Parkunan, Southern Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, VA Giuseppe Parrella, Napoli, Italy Charlie E. Parsons, Univ of Arkansas, Lonoke, AR Megan E. Parsons, Botany Bay Consulting, Mayfield Village, OH James E. Partridge, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Darcy E. Partridge-Telenko, Univ of Florida IFAS, Pensacola, FL Robert E. Partyka, Columbus, OH Sergio F. Pascholati, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP) - ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

Jose Antonio Pascual, PhD, CSIC, Murcia, Spain Alireza Pashaee, Univ of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Matias Pasquali, Univ of Minnesota - COAFES, St Paul, MN Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Gary W. Pastushok, Syngenta Crop Protection, Joliet, MT Anuthep Pasura, Univ of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Jerald K. Pataky, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Nrupali Patel, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Suresh S. Patil, Reston, VA Halama Patrice, Inst Superieur d’Agriculture, Lille, CEDEX, France Flavia Patricio, Inst Biologico, Campinas, SP, Brazil Rakhi Patrick, Noida, UP, India Zenon A. Patrick, Toronto, ON, Canada Chandra Paul, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Ida Paul, Small Grain Inst, Stellenbosch, Rep of South Africa Pierce A. Paul, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Timothy C. Paulitz, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, Pullman, WA Albert O. Paulus, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Marco Pautasso, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom Branko Pavcec, Cakovec, Croatia Neil D. Paveley, ADAS, Malton, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom Stephen P. Pavich, Pavich Agricultural Consulting, Phoenix, AZ Snezana Pavlovic, Inst for Medicinal Plant Research, Belgrade, Fed Rep of Yugoslavia Carlos F. Pavon, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL John A. Pawlak, Valent USA, Lansing, MI Katharina Pawlowski, Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden Luis A. Payan, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Gary A. Payne, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Dave L. Pazdernik, Soygenetics LLC, Breese, IL Mila J. Pearce, Natl Onion Labs Inc, Collins, GA Charles A. Pearson, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Gabriel David Peckham, PhD, Honolulu, HI Paul C. Pecknold, Santa Rosa, CA Hans Christian Pedersen, Danisco Seed, Holeby, Denmark Palle Pedersen, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Robert C. Pedersen, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Nampa, ID Wayne L. Pedersen, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Kerry F. Pedley, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Ft. Detrick, MD Joao Pedro Luz, Escola Superior Agraria, Castelo Branco, Portugal Steven Peel, Seed Solutions, LLC, Cape Girardeau, MO Clyde E. Peet, Arlington, TX Tobin L. Peever, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Masoomeh Peiman, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Fernando Pelaez, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Madrid, Spain E. Neil Pelletier, Alexandria, VA Alejandro Penaloza-Vazquez, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK DeLiang Peng, Inst of Plant Protection, CAAS, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Hua Xian Peng, Sichuan Academy of Agric Sciences, Chengdu, Peoples Rep of China You-Liang Peng, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Stanley P. Pennypacker, Spring Mills, PA Herbert S. Pepin, Vancouver, BC, Canada John D. Peplinski, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Esther Lilia Peralta Garcia, IIFT, La Habana, Cuba 105

Santy Peraza, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico James A. Percich, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Pedro Perdomo, Cleary Chemical Corp, Dayton, NJ Ana Maria N. Pereira, Univ De Tras-os-Montes E Alto Douo, Vila Real, Portugal Modika R. Perera, Murdoch Univ, Perth, WA, Australia Natalia Peres, Univ of Florida, Wimauma, FL Silvia A. Pereyra, INIA - Natl Inst for Agric Research, Colonia, Uruguay Beatriz Alida Perez, INTA, Castelar, BA, Argentina Carlos A. Perez, St Paul, MN Eden Azucena Perez, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Frances Perez, USDA ARS PSI GIFVL, Beltsville, MD Kari Perez, Cornell Univ, Itahca, NY Encarnacion Perez Artes, CSIC - Inst De Agricultura Sostenible, Cordoba, Spain Julio Jaquin Perez Valdez, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico Luis Perez-Moreno, Irapuato, GTO, Mexico James M. Perkins, Monsanto Co, Waterman, IL Kenneth L. Pernezny, Univ of Florida, Belle Glade, FL Noel S. Perpetua, Dole Philippine Inc, Davao City, Philippines Thomas M. Perring, Univ of California, Riverside, CA John L. Perry, Bayer CropScience, Kingsburg, CA Keith L. Perry, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Ramasamy Perumal, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Zvezdana Pesic-VanEsbroeck, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Anika Rose Petach, Boulder, CO Dick Peters, Agric Univ of Wageningen, Wageningen, Netherlands Gary L. Peterson, USDA ARS NAA FDWSRU, Fort Detrick, MD Glenn W. Peterson, Lincoln, NE Joseph L. Peterson, American Fork, UT Paul D. Peterson, Clemson Univ, Florence, SC Sophie Alexia Peterson, Plant Health Australia, Deakin, ACT, Australia Sarah J. Pethybridge, Univ of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia Jill Ellen Petrisko, PhD, Unv of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID Gregg Pettis, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA William F. Pfender, USDA ARS NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR Donald H. Pfister, Harvard Univ Herbaria, Cambridge, MA Tung Anh Pham, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Anette Phibbs, Wisconsin Dept of Agric, Madison, WI Vincent Philion, IRDA, St Hyacinthe, QC, Canada George L. Philley, Arp, TX Daniel V. Phillips, Univ of Georgia, Griffin, GA Douglas J. Phillips, Fresno, CA Nicki J. Phillips, Enza Zaden Research USA Inc, San Juan Bautista, CA Patrick M. Phipps, VPI & SU, Suffolk, VA Maria Julia Pianzzola, Montevideo, Uruguay Florence Picard, Vilmorin, La Menitre, France Diana Picchietti, Monument, CO Anna Maria Picco, Univ of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Lu J. Piening, Lacombe, AB, Canada Meike Piepenbring, Univ of Frankfurt, Frankfurt Main Hessen, Germany Kent M. Pierce, Green Cross Inc, Norwalk, CT Margaret L. Pierce, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 106

John N. Pinkerton, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Carol L. Pinnell-Alison, Louisiana State Univ Ag Center, Winnsboro, LA David L. Pinnow, USDA ARS, Griffin, GA David Pinzon, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Rosanna N. Pioli, Rosario Santa Fe, Argentina Wirat Pipatpongpinyo, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Stoyan R. Pirgozliev, BASF Canada, London, ON, Canada Thomas P. Pirone, Lexington, KY Barbara Piskur, Slovenian Forestry Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia Ron E. Pitblado, Weather Innovations Inc, Chatham, ON, Canada John W. Pitkin, PhD, Monsanto, Chesterfield, MO Tera Pitman, Univ of California, Davis, CA Roy N. Pittman, USDA ARS PGRCU, Griffin, GA J. Terry Pitts, Oklahoma State Univ, Altus, OK Kevin V. Pixley, CIMMYT, Houston, TX Marta Pizano, Hortitecnia Ltd, Bogota, Colombia Andrew B. Plant, Univ of Maine, Fort Fairfield, ME Jose A. Plaza, Rice Tec Inc, Alvin, TX Randy C. Ploetz, Univ of Florida, Homestead, FL Leonardo Dan Ploper, Tucuman, Argentina Karine Plourde, Laval Univ / CEF, Quebec, QC, Canada Richard W. H. Pluke, Fintrac Inc, St Thomas, VI Edward V. Podleckis, USDA APHIS PPD, Riverdale, MD Hans-Michael Poehling, Univ of Hannover, Hannover, Germany Arevik Poghosyan, CIBNOR, S.C., La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico Ivan Poje, Inst of Plant Protection in Agric & Forestry, Zagreb, Croatia Ramesh Raj Pokharel, Colorado State Univ, Grand Junction, CO Jill D. Pokorny, USDA FS, St Paul, MN James J. Polashock, USDA ARS, Chatsworth, NJ Anissa M. Poleatewich, Penn State Univ, Port Matilda, PA Marylou Polek, CCTEA, Tulare, CA Valery P. Polischuk, Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ, Kyiv, Ukraine Giancarlo Polizzi, Univ Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy Jane E. Polston, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Eli Polzer, SUNY College of Envl Science & Forestry, Syracuse, NY Patchara Pongam, Indian River Community College, Ft Pierce, FL Usha Poovanna, Horwath Guru Group, Gaborone, Botswana Susilo H. Poromarto, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Lyndon D. Porter, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA Pedro P. Posos-Ponce, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan Jalisco, Mexico Dana Post, Phyton Corp, New Hope, MN Karin I. Posthuma, Enza Zaden Research & Development B.V., Enkhuizen, Netherlands Joseph D. Postman, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR Glenn S. Pound, La Jolla, CA Reza Pourrahim, Plant Pests and Diseases Research Inst, Tehran, Iran Charles A. Powell, Univ of Florida, Ft Pierce, FL William A. Powell, State Univ of New York, Syracuse, NY Mary L. Powelson, Corvallis, OR Robert L. Powelson, Corvallis, OR Harry R. Powers, Jr., Athens, GA Edson Ampelio Pozza, Univ Fed De Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil Prakash M. Pradhanang, HJ Heinz Co, Stockton, CA Harischandra Shripathy Prakash, PhD, Univ of Mysore, Mysore, India

Gyaneshwar Prasad, Univ of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI Sutruedee Prathuangwong, Kasetsart Univ, Chatuchack, Bangkok, Thailand Richard C. Pratt, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Robert G. Pratt, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS J. M. Prescott, Dekalb, IL Gail M. Preston, Univ of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Mathys Pretorius, Citrus Research International, Nelspruit, Mpumalanga, Rep of South Africa Zacharias A. Pretorius, Univ of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Rep of South Africa Allen J. Prey, Madison, WI Jacob Price, Texas AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX Terence V. Price, Montmorency, VIC, Australia James P. Prince, California State Univ, Fresno, CA Robert H. Proctor, USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Peoria, IL Tyre John Proffer, Kent State Univ, Salem, OH Louis K. Prom, USDA ARS SPARC CGRU, College Station, TX Rosario Provvidenti, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Grechen E. Pruett, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Dov B. Prusky, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Olivier P. Pruvost, CIRAD, St Pierre Reunion Is, France Barry M. Pryor, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Jay W. Pscheidt, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Steven G. Pueppke, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Hoong Pung, Peracto Pty Ltd, Devonport, TAS, Australia Zamir K. Punja, Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC, Canada Alexander H. Purcell, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Mary F Purcell-Miramontes, USDA, Washington, DC Dan E. Purcifull, Gainesville, FL Laurence H. Purdy, Gainesville, FL P. Lawrence Pusey, USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA Alexander I. Putman, Univ of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Melodie Putnam, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Lydia Putnicki, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA Robert Pybas, Pybas Vegetable Seed Co Inc, Santa Maria, CA Matthew Francis Pye, Univ of California, Davis, CA Mukishi M. Pyndji, CIAT, Arusha, Tanzania John R. Pyzner, Louisiana Coop Ext Service, Shreveport, LA Issa S. Qandah, Fargo, ND Dong Qi, Indiana University, Bloomington, Bloomington, IN Jinya Qiu, Univ of California, Davis, CA Jiyan Qiu, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Wenping Qiu, Missouri State Univ, Mountain Grove, MO Xinshun Qu, Pennsylvania State Univ, University Park, PA Lina Maria Quesada, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Alice Maria Quezado Duval, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Mark Quick, Isagro USA, Morrisville, NC Malcolm A. Quigley, High Head Farm Cottage, Cumbria, United Kingdom Andres Quijano Ramayo, Centro De Investigacion Cientifica Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico James A. Quinn, NGMSI, North Wales, PA Vivencio L. Quinon, Riverview Subdivision, Davao City, Philippines Marisol Andrea Quintanilla, Holt, MI Jean B. Quiot, Montpellier, France Betania Ferraz Quirino, Univ Catolica De Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil

Diego Fernando Quito Avila, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Robert D. Raabe, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Jos M. Raaijmakers, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands Kirk C. Radewald, Phelan, CA Sebastjan Radisek, PhD, Zalec, Slovenia David Radtke, San Luis Hills Farm, Sanford, CO Osman E. Radwan, Univ of Illnois, Urbana, IL Vinay B. Raghavendra, Univ of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India James E. Rahe, Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC, Canada Heshmatola H. Rahimian, Mazandaran Univ, Sari, Iran Mahfuzur Rahman, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Tatyana Raichuk, Inst of Plant Protection, Kyiv, Ukraine Richard N. Raid, Univ of Florida, Belle Glade, FL Priya Raja, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Anuja Rajaguru, Univ of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Chandrika Ramadugu, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Jacqueline Ramallo, Estacion Exp Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Tucuman, Argentina Rajesh Ramarathnam, Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Harikrishnan Ramasubramaniam, Syngenta Seeds, Inc., Bay, AR Dennis R. Ramirez, FHIA, San Pedro Sula, Cortes, Honduras Hugo T. Ramirez, Visalia, CA Cayo Ramos, Univ of Malaga, Malaga, Spain Sephra Nalini Rampersad, Univ of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad Giorgio Rampinini, Rampinini Consultant, Cerro Maggiore, Italy Donald C. Ramsdell, Northport, MI Abhijit Mugutrao Ranaware, Shreemant Shivajiraje College of Hort, Phaltan, India Robert E. Rand, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Jennifer J. Randall, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Betsy L. Randall-Schadel, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, NC Parmjit S. Randhawa, California Seed & Plant Lab Inc, Elverta, CA John W. Randles, PhD, Univ of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia Karen K. Rane, Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD Trevor M. Ranford, Apple & Pear Growers Assn, Cavan, SA, Australia W. H. Rankin, Bureau of Plant Industry NY, Albany, NY A. L. N. Rao, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Balakrishna Rao, Davey Tree Co, Kent, OH Govind P. Rao, Sugarcane Research Station, Gorakhpur, UP, India Rita Catarina Raoms Pimenta Sanos Silva, Santa Clara-aVelha, Portugal Christine Rascle, Tezier Centre De Research, Valence, France Khalid Y. Rashid, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada Jack B. Rasmussen, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Rosa Emilia Raudales Banegas, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Gilda Maria Rauscher, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Maja Ravnikar, Natl Inst of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia Carroll D. Rawn, Seton Hall Univ, South Orange, NJ Min B. Rayamajhi, PhD, USDA ARS, Ft Lauderdale, FL Naidu A. Rayapati, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA William B. Raymer, Friday Harbor, WA Patricia A. Rayside, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL 107

Mohammad Razavi, Plant Pests & Diseases Res Inst, Tehran, Iran Andrew C. Read, Univ of Hawii, Hilo, HI Paul W. Readly, American Takii Inc, Salinas, CA Jimmy L. Reaves, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC Gustavo De Rebello, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Angel Rebollar-Alviter, Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Morelia, Mich, Mexico Nancy A. Rechcigl, Syngenta Professional Products, Bradenton, FL Angela R. Records, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Dodla V. R. Reddy, AFT Intl Freight Systems Inc, Jamaica, NY Joseph D. Reddy, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Venu Reddyvari-Channarayappa, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Margaret G. Redinbaugh, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH Sabine Redlhammer, Biologische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany Scott C. Redlin, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST PERAL, Raleigh, NC Joseph P. Reed, FMC, North Little Rock, AR Sharon Elizabeth Reed, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Richard D. Reeleder, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada Paul W. Reeser, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Cecília C. Rego, UTL, Lisbon, Portugal William Reid, Kansas State Univ, Chetopa, KS Ailton Reis, EMBRAPA, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Antonia dos Reis Figueira, Univ Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil Yael F. Rekah, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Margaret M. Rekoske, Betaseed Inc, Shakopee, MN Pieternella M. Remeeus, Naktuinbouw, Roelofarendsveen, Netherlands Bobby L. Renfro, Bartlesville, OK Amy Replogle, Columbia, MO Silvia Restrepo, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Moshe M. Reuveni, Univ of Haifa, Kazrin, Israel Christine Rey, Univ of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Rep of South Africa Patrice Rey, ENITA de Bordeaux, Gradignan, France Gregory J. Reynolds, Univ of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN Joe Reysack, Syngenta, Slater, IA Saeed Rezaee, PhD, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran John P. Rheeder, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, Rep of South Africa Landon H. Rhodes, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Sheikh Riazuddin, Univ of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Charles Rice, BASF Corp, Kennewick, WA Jimmy R. Rich, Univ of Florida, Quincy, FL Pele E. Rich, Inver Hills Community College, Apple Valley, MN Saul Rich, Hamden, CT Claude Richard, Quebec, QC, Canada Bryce A. Richardson, Moscow, ID Katja Richert-Poeggeler, Julius Kuehn-Inst, Braunschweig, Germany Margaret G. Richey, Centre College, Danville, KY Brantlee Spakes Richter, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Samuel F. Rickard, Jamestown, NC Mark D. Ricker, Nunhems USA, Acampo, CA

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Steven L. Rideout, Virginia Tech - Eastern Shore AREC, Painter, VA Jack H. Riesselman, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Jerry W. Riffle, Syracuse, IN Ekaterini Riga, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Jennifer L. Riggs, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Kara Jane Riggs, The Ohio State Univ, Sunbury, OH Robert D. Riggs, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Daniel Rigling, Swiss Federal Research Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Jessica J. Riley, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Melissa B. Riley, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Timothy D. Riley, USDA APHIS PPQ, Orlando, FL Joseph W. Rimelspach, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Linda Jeimmy Rincon Rivera, Univ Nacl de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia Danny Rioux, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Québec, QC, Canada Jean B. Ristaino, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC David F. Ritchie, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Gabriela Ritokova, Univ of California, Davis, CA William R. Rittenour, Lincoln, NE Charles J. Rivara, California Tomato Research Inst, Escalon, CA Cary Lee Rivard, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Maria E. Rivas-Davila, CINVESTAV Campus Guanajuato, Irapuato Guanajuato, Mexico Francisco Jose Rivas-Santoyo, Univ of Sonora, Hermosillo Son, Mexico Carmen Rivera, Jet Box SJO 638, Miami, FL Jose Mauricio Rivera, FHIA, San Pedro Sula, Cortes, Honduras Lydia I. Rivera-Vargas, Univ of Puerto Rico, Boqueron, PR Roy P. Rivers, Jr., Rivers & Rivers Urban Forestry & Arboriculture, Spring, TX S. Anwar Rizvi, USDA APHIS PPQ EDP, Bowie, MD David M. Rizzo, Univ of California, Davis, CA Curtis W. Roane, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Ernesto Robayo-Camacho, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC Jane Robb, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada William A. Robbins, Jr., Ag Alumni Seed Inc, Romney, IN Daniel P. Roberts, USDA Sustainable Agricultural Systems Lab, Beltsville, MD John J. Roberts, Young Harris, GA Joseph A. Roberts, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Pamela D. Roberts, Univ of Florida, Immokalee, FL Philip A. Roberts, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Steven J. Roberts, Plant Health Solutions, Warwick, United Kingdom Alison E. Robertson, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Jacqueline Robertson, LeOra Software Company, Petaluma, CA Nancy L. Robertson, USDA ARS, Palmer, AK Gregg Robideau, Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON, Canada Philip W. Robinson, United Phosphorus Inc, Carmel, IN Maria Mercedes Roca, Zamorano Univ, Tegucigalpa, Honduras Mario A. Rocha-Pena, INIFAP, San Nicolas de Los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico William F. Rochow, Solomons, MD Rien Rodenburg, Pt East West Seed Indonesia, Purwakarta, Indonesia Jose Carlos V. Rodrigues, PhD, Univ of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR

Tatiana Tozzi Rodrigues, Univ Federal De Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Eliezer Rodrigues De Souto, Univ Estadual De Maringa, Maringa, Brazil Jose Antonio Rodriguez, Har-Bro Inc, Signal Hills, CA Juan Rodriguez, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Carlos H. Rodriguez Brljevich, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Alma Edith Rodriguez Estrada, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Carlos L. Rodriguez Valverde, Edificio Del Monte, San Jose, Costa Rica Gerardo Rodriguez-Alvarado, IIAF-UMSNH, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico Dolores Rodriguez-Jurado, CIFA, Cordoba, Spain Lina Ma Rodriguez-Salamanca, Michigan State Univ, Lansing, MI Alan P. Roelfs, Grantsburg, WI Jack D. Rogers, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Peter M. Rogers, Nunhems USA, Brooks, OR Steven Rogers, ECOSTAT Inc, Highland City, FL Richard A. Rohde, South Deerfield, MA Chester N. Roistacher, Riverside, CA Alejandro Rojas, Univ De Los Andes, Bobota, Colombia Maria Del Pilar Rojas Barros, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Mathieu Benoit Rolland, INRA, Le Rheu, France Jeffrey A. Rollins, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Philippe E. Rolshausen, Univ of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Gianfranco Romanazzi, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy Megan K. Romberg, Fairfax, VA Ronald A. Romero, Chiquita Brands Intl, Miami, FL Bibiana Andrea Romero Agray, Univ Nacl de Colombia, Chia, Colombia Javier A. Romero-Cano, INIA, Inst Nal Investigac Agrarias, Madrid, Spain Robert W. Romig, Trigen Seed LLC, Bloomington, MN Lia B. Ronco, Univ Nacl de La Plata, La Plata, BA, Argentina Suzanne N. Rooney-Latham, California Dept of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, CA Mary Caroline Roper, Univ of Connecticut, Storrs, CT Ines Marlene Rosales Villavicencio, INIA, Santiago, Chile Dan Y. Rosenberg, Sacramento, CA David A. Rosenberger, Cornell University, Highland, NY Staci A. Rosenberger, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA Eugene E. Rosenkranz, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Noah Rosenzweig, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN David C. Ross, Syngenta Professional Products, Greensboro, NC R. G. Ross, Wolfville, NS, Canada Robin E. Ross, Acadian Sea Plants LLC, Monroe, NC Vittorio Rossi, Univ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy Erin N. Rosskopf, USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL Amy Y. Rossman, USDA ARS SMML, Beltsville, MD Joseph Rotem, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Dorith Rotenberg, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Frederick Roth, California State Polytech Univ, Pomona, CA Craig S Rothrock, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Mike Rott, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Sidney, BC, Canada Philippe Rott, CIRAD UMR BGPI, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France Tatiana V. Roubtsova, Univ of California, Davis, CA

David R. S. Rourke, Ag Quest Inc, Minto, MB, Canada Douglas I. Rouse, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Matthew Rouse, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Jolanda Roux, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of South Africa Thierry Rouxel, INRA Versaille, Versailles, France Joseph Rovito, Lassen Canyon Nursery Inc, Redding, CA Randall C. Rowe, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Adib Rowhani, Univ of California, Davis, CA Marcia E. Roye, Univ of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica Laura Coto Royo, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica Daniel J. Royse, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Sarah Ruark, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Diego Rubiales, CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Florencia Rucks, Laboratorio de Proteccion Vegetal, Paysandu, Uruguay Brad E. Ruden, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Klaus W. Rudolph, Univ Inst Pflanzenpathol, Goettingen, Germany Richard L. Ruff, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Gail E. Ruhl, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Oscar F. Ruiz, Jr., A&L Labs, Lakeland, TN Eve Runno-Paurson, Jogeva Plant Breeding Inst, Tartu, Estonia John C. Rupe, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Earl G. Ruppel, Fort Collins, CO Charles M. Rush, Texas A&M Agric Experiment Station, Bushland, TX Milton C. Rush, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Kyle W. Rushing, INCOTEC, Salinas, CA John S. Russin, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Nicole L. Russo, PhD, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Vincent M. Russo, USDA ARS SCARL, Lane, OK Richard S. Rutherford, South African Sugar Assn, KZNatal, Rep of South Africa Alicia K. Ruvalcaba, Soil & Plant Laboratory, Whittier, CA Myrian A. Rybak, INTA, Leandro N. Alem, Argentina Marietta J. Ryba-White, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Malcolm J. Ryley, Queensland Dept of Primary Industries, Toowoomba, Australia Pavel Rysanek, Czech Univ of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Ki Hyun Ryu, Seoul Women’s Univ, Seoul, Korea Adib T. Saad, American Univ of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Mohamed Ali M. Saad El-Din, Zagazig Univ, Zagazig, Egypt Sead Sabanadzovic, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Siva Sabaratnam, BC Ministry of Agriculture & Lands, Abbotsford, BC, Canada Marc Sabourin, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Gene R. Safir, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Uma Shankar Sagaram, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Victor G. Sahakian, Monrovia Nursery Co, Dayton, OR Futoshi Sakuma, Snow Brand Seed Co. Ltd., Hokkaido, Japan Saideh Salamati, Midt-Norsk Plantevern, Trondheim, Norway Bacilio Salas, USDA APHIS, Edinburg, TX Raquel Salati, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, San Juan Bautista, CA Luis F. Salazar, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Amgad A. Saleh, PhD, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Mohammad Salehi, Fars Agric Research Center, Fars, Zargan, Iran Nida M. Salem, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Jose M. Salleras, Sevilla, Spain Deborah A. Samac, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 109

Jorge Samaniego, Asistec, Quito, Ecuador Ramasamy Samiyappan, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, India Ramaiah K. Sampangi, Univ of Idaho, Parma, ID Timmy D. Samuels, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK Michael J. San Francisco, Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX Blanca San Segundo, CONSORCIO CSCI-IRTA, Barcelona, Spain Nelly Sanabria De Albarracin, Univ of Central Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela Stephen Martin Sanborn, PhD, Syngenta, Middleton, WI Frank V. Sances, Pacific Ag Research, San Luis Obispo, CA Jose Sanchez, Universidad De Almería, Almería, Spain Kristi Rosanne Sanchez, Univ of California, Davis, CA Maria Julia Sanchez Pena, Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO Victor M. Sanchez-Sava, INCOTEC Holding, Enkhuizen, Netherlands Gary A. Sandahl, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Curtis L. Sandberg, Chemtura Corp, Elk Grove, CA Randy S. Sanderlin, Louisiana State Univ, Shreveport, LA Robert D. Sanders, Agric Consultant, Chico, CA Peter G. Sanderson, Pace International LLC, Wenatchee, WA Craig M. Sandlin, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Gilroy, CA Craig A. Sandoski, Collierville, TN David C. Sands, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Somsiri Sangchote, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Yoshitaka Sano, Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan Soumaila Sanogo, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Jose H. Santa Cruz Hidalgo, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Nunzio G. Santacroce, Gresham, OR Luisa Ines Santamaria, Tennessee State Univ, McMinnville, TN Victor Santiago, Texcoco, Mexico Paul F. Santos, Soil & Plant Laboratory, Riverside, CA Maria Santos-Cervantes, CIIDIR - Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico Debanjan Sanyal, Monsanto Co, Monmouth, IL Duraisamy Saravanakumar, Univ of Torino, Grugliasco (To), Italy Kamal Sardashti, Kaarst, Germany David B. Sauer, Grand Lake, CO Salem Saumtally, Mauritius Sugar Ind Res Inst, Reduit, Mauritius Serge S. Savary, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines Barry Saville, Trent Univ, Peterborough, ON, Canada Michael A. Savka, Rochester Inst of Technology, Rochester, NY Sandra Savocchia, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia Kenzo Sawamura, Ibaraki-ken, Japan Ram Parkash Sawhney, AGRI BIOS, Delhi, India Haruki Sayama, Nippon Del Monte Corp, Numata Gumma, Japan Adda C. Sayers, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Hikmet H. Saygili, E U Ziraat Fakultesi, Bornova Izmir, Turkey Ron J. Sayler, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Maria M. Scandiani, Lab Agricola Rio Parana, San Pedro, BS, Argentina Norman W. Schaad, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Fort Detrick, MD Arthur Schaafsma, Univ of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada Gabriele Schachermayr, EPFL RI RI-VP CO, Lausanne, Switzerland 110

Daniel L. Schadler, Oglethorpe Univ, Atlanta, GA Hans-Jakob Schaerer, Zeiningen CH, Switzerland Mark Schall, Pennsylvania State University, Spring Mills, PA Charles W. Schaller, Univ of California, Davis, CA Christopher L. Schardl, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Albert L. Scharen, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Robert F. Scharpf, Placerville, CA Heather J. Scheck, County of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA Kay Scheets, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Rudy J. Scheffer, Ruud Scheffer BV, Almere, Netherlands Richard D. Schein, State College, PA Mark A. Schell, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA N. C. Schenck, Melbourne, FL Susan Schenck, Aiea, HI Harald Scherm, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Dorothy E. Schild, PhD, Parkwood, QLD, Australia Annemiek C. Schilder, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Charles T. Schiller, Arysta LifeScience North America, Cary, NC Jonathan S. Schilling, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME David A. Schisler, USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Peoria, IL Lee C. Schisler, State College, PA Daniel Schlatter, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN David E. Schlegel, Moraga, CA Robert L. Schlub, Univ of Guam, Mangilao, GU David G. Schmale, III, VPI SU, Blacksburg, VA Linda Schmale, Society of American Florists, Alexandria, VA Timothy F. Schmalz, State of Vermont, Waterbury, VT Jessica Schmidt, Federal Univ of Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Leigh Shirley Schmidt, USDA ARS CPGRU, Davis, CA Robert A. Schmidt, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Donald P. Schmitt, Marceline, MO Roger A. Schmitt, Del Monte Corp, Walnut Creek, CA Hans Schmitz, Wadesville, IN Guido Schnabel, Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC William C. Schnathorst, Lab for Vascular Plant Disease, Davis, CA Katherine T. Schneider, Natl Biodefense Analysis & Countermeasures Ctr, Frederick, MD Kevin Schneider, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Raymond W. Schneider, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA William Schneider, USDA ARS, Fort Detrick, MD Barbara A. Schoedel, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Ulrich A. Schoefl, BASF AG, Limburgerhof, Germany James E. Schoelz, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Donald F. Schoeneweiss, Sarasota, FL Herman B. Scholthof, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Karen-Beth G. Scholthof, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Uwe Michael Scholz, IFA - Tulln, Tulln, Austria Brenda K. Scholz-Schroeder, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Calvin L. Schoulties, Clemson Univ, Pendleton, SC Stephen M. Schraer, Syngenta Crop Protection, Meridian, ID Kurtis L. Schroeder, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA Milton N. Schroth, University of California, Berkeley, Orinda, CA Timothy S. Schubert, Florida Dept of Agric & Con Serv, Gainesville, FL Andrew C. Schuerger, Univ of Florida, Kennedy Space Center, FL Joseph F. Schuh, BASF, Raleigh, NC Matthew Schuler, Bio-Cat Microbials, Troy, VA

Diana C. Schultz, SWFREC, UF-IFAS Immokalee, Fort Myers, FL Carl P. Schulze, Jr., New Jersey Dept of Agric, Trenton, NJ Gail L. Schumann, Marquette Univ, Milwaukee, WI Tian Schutte, Citrus Research Intl, Mpumalanga, Rep of South Africa Katia Schwan-Estrada, Univ Estadual De Maringa, Maringa, Brazil Kurt A. Schwartau, Advan LLC, Davis, CA Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Kimberly A. Schwartzburg, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST PERAL, Raleigh, NC Michael R. Schwarz, Bayer CropScience, Res Triangle Park, NC Jack C. Schwegmann, Alameda, CA Fred W. Schwenk, Manhattan, KS Kathryn Schweri, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Mark W. Schwinghamer, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, Australia Casey Sclar, Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, PA Erika Scocco, Athens, GA Steven R. Scofield, USDA ARS, West Lafayette, IN Layla E. Sconyers, Landis International Inc, Valdosta, GA Jason Scott, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Kenneth J. Scott, Univ of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia Paul Scott, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Bonnie L. Seaberg, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Earl A. Sealy, Lynn Univ, Boca Raton, FL W. Lloyd Seaman, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Beth Sears, United Phosphorus Inc, King of Prussia, PA Dale S Seaton, ELSEVIER, Amsterdam, Netherlands Amadou Seck, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Gary A. Secor, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Kenneth W. Seebold, Jr., Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Tina Seeland, MN Dept of Agric Plant Protection Div, St Paul, MN Robert C. Seem, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Erich Seemueller, Biologische Bundesanstalt, Dossenheim, Germany Juan Segarra Bofarull, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain Amogelang T. Segwagwe, Botswana College of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana Om Sehgal, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Dallas L. Seifers, Kansas State Univ, Hays, KS Teresa E Seijo, Univ of Florida - GCREC IFAS, Wimauma, FL Nicholas Sekora, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Anni Self, Tennessee Dept of Agric, Nashville, TN Raymond L. Self, Fairhope, AL Dija Selimi, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Ernest A. Sellers, Sellers, Prevatt & Robertson, Live Oak, FL Jean Semal, Fac Sciences Agronomique, Gembloux, Belgium Shawn W. Semones, Novozymes Biologicals Inc, Salem, VA Arun K. Sen, Davis, CA Venkatesan Sengoda Gounder, Washington State Univ, Yakima, WA Jeong Woo Seo, Natl Plant Quarantine Service, Seoul, South Korea Young-Su Seo, Univ of California, Davis, CA Luis Sequeira, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Takashi Sera, Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan

Esther S. Serrano, USDA/APHIS/PPQ/CHRP, Plantation, FL Martina Seruga Music, Univ of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Derek Settle, Chicago District Golf Association, Lemont, IL Alison Seyb, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Lorraine M. Seymour, Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA Murat Seyran, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Peter M. Sforza, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Yasser M. Shabana, Mansoura Univ, El-Mansoura, Egypt William H. Shaffer, Jr., Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Denis A. Shah, Lewiston, NY Louis Shain, Lexington, KY Bassam Michael Shammo, Valent Biosciences Corp, Long Grove, IL Simon F. Shamoun, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, BC, Canada Henry L. Shands, Fort Collins, CO William W. Shane, Michigan State Univ, Benton Harbor, MI Gregory E. Shaner, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Emroy L. Shannon, Las Cruces, NM Min Shao, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Bahram Sharifnabi, Isfahan Univ of Technology, Isfahan I.R., Iran Rajan Sharma, ICRISAT, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India Dipak Sharma Poudyal, Washington State University, Pullman, WA Brian D. Shaw, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX David C. Shaw, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR John G. Shaw, Lexington, KY Michael Shaw, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada Michael W. Shaw, Univ of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Bryan L. Shearer, Dept of Environment & Conservation, Como, Australia Judy F. Shearer, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS Hunthrike Shekar Shetty, Univ of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India Hongyan S. Sheng, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA M. Claire Shephard, Clarindon Consultancy, Maidenhead Berks, United Kingdom Lisa M. Shepherd, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA James L. Sherald, Center for Urban Ecology, Washington, DC John E. Sherwood, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT John L. Sherwood, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Robert T. Sherwood, State College, PA Wally H. Sheta, USDA, Goldenrod, FL Kiran K. Shetty, Syngenta Crop Protection, Durham, NH Barbara B. Shew, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC H. David Shew, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Xiangyang Shi, Univ of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA Kuo Shiang Hung, Taipei City, Taiwan Rep of China Patrick J. Shiel, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, NC Hsin-Der Shih, Taiwan Agricultural Institute, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Won-Bo Shim, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Hussein Ali Shimelis, Univ of Limpopo, Polokwane, Limpopo, Southwest Africa Junko Shimizu, Univ of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Japan Gil-Ho Shin, Jares, Naju, South Korea James M. Shine, Jr., Sugar Cane Growers Coop, Belle Glade, FL Michael H. Shintaku, Univ of Hawaii, Hilo, HI

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Habibullah Shinwari, E. S. Crop Consultant Ltd, Burnaby, BC, Canada Hiroshi Shiomi, Takii Plant Breed Exp Station, Shiga, Japan Tomonori Shiraishi, Okayama Univ, Okayama, Japan Gautam Shirsekar, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Masahiro Shishido, Chiba Univ, Matsudo-City, Japan Nina Shishkoff, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Frederick, MD Hakeem Olalekan Shittu, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Eli H. Shlevin, Kibbutz Saad, Mobile Post Hanegev, Israel Paul B. Shoemaker, North Carolina State Univ, Fletcher, NC Peter L. Sholberg, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada Dylan Short, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Gerald E. Short, Univ of Saint Francis, Fort Wayne, IN Walter C. Shortle, USDA Forest Service, Durham, NH Barry J. Shortt, Divergence Inc, St Louis, MO Joseph W. Showalter, Scientists Cliffs, Port Republic, MD Surya L. Shrestha, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Stephanie Shryock, Stillwater, OK Dan Shtienberg, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Lo Shu Chen, Yung Ho, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Dharma D. Shukla, Sunshine, VIC, Australia Malcolm C. Shurtleff, Pearland, TX Lokesh Siddalingaiah, Univ of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India Zakaria Sidek, Univ Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Nadir Sidiqi, Laverne, CA Peggy J. Sieburth, Florida Dept of Agric & Con Serv, Winter Haven, FL Malcolm R. Siegel, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Sidney R. Siemer, Siemer & Assoc Inc, Spokane, WA Roberto Sierra, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Pierre A. Signoret, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, Cedex 01, France Kamaruzama Sijam, Univ Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia Edward J. Sikora, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Richard A. Sikora, Univ of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Adam J. Silagyi, USDA APHIS PPQ CAPS, Gainesville, FL Matt J. Silbernagel, Grandview, WA Edison Silva, FIADE CINCAE, Guayaquil, Ecuador Hilda Victoria Silva-Rojas, Colegio De Postgraduados, Edo De Mexico, Mexico Laura Silva-Rosales, Cinvestav-IPN, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico Alexandre Furtado Silveira Mello, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Susan T. Sim, Univ of California, Davis, CA A. David Sime, PhD, Mycobiotics LLC, Santa Rosa, CA Michael Simini, U.S. Army ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Gnd, MD Gary W. Simone, Corbett, OR Marr D. Simons, Litchfield Park, AZ James B. Sinclair, University of Illinois, Savoy, IL Wayne A. Sinclair, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Dharmendra Kumar Singh, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Pawan Kumar Singh, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Raghuwinder Singh, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Ravi P. Singh, CIMMYT, Mexico DF, Mexico Rudra P. Singh, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada Surat Singh, Indian Oil Employee’s Sahkari Samiti Ltd, Noida, UP, India 112

Uday Singh, Namdhari Seeds PVT LTD, Bangalore, India Larry L. Singleton, Stillwater, OK Judith P. Sinn, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Scott J. Sinn, Nunhems USA Inc, Brooks, OR Brent S. Sipes, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Tara M. Sirvent, Vanguard Unniversity, Costa Mesa, CA Hugh D. Sisler, Beltsville, MD Adam Sisson, Iowa State Univ, Gilbert, IA Jerry W. Sitton, Star, ID Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, Univ of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia Mani Skaria, Texas A&M Univ, Weslaco, TX John M. Skelly, Mineral, VA Darroll D. Skilling, Roseville, MN Linnea G. Skoglund, Busch Agricultural Resources Inc, Fort Collins, CO Calvin B. Skotland, Prosser, WA Steven A. Slack, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Tara L. Slaminko, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Patricia Slininger, USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL Stephanie L. Slinski, Univ of California, Davis, CA John T. Slykhuis, Summerland, BC, Canada William A. Small, Ferguson, MO Christine D. Smart, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Viggo Smedegaard-Petersen, Naerum, Denmark Joseph L. Smilanick, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA E. Thomas Smiley, Bartlett Tree Research Lab, Charlotte, NC Richard W. Smiley, Oregon State Univ, Pendleton, OR Adreinne Smith, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Barbara J. Smith, USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS Carrie Smith, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK Cheryl A. Smith, Univ of New Hampshire, Durham, NH Damon L. Smith, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK David A. Smith, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Denise R. Smith, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Donald H. Smith, Dallas, TX F. Davis ‘Tad’ Smith, AgraQuest Inc, Davis, CA Ian W. Smith, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia J. Powell Smith, CUCES-Lexington County, Lexington, SC Jason A. Smith, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Kent L. Smith, Edgewater, MD Kevin P. Smith, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Larry D. Smith, LS Consulting Services LLC, Mentor, OH Larry J. Smith, Univ of Idaho, Lewiston, ID Mary A. Smith, North Carolina A&T State Univ, Greensboro, NC R. Stewart Smith, EMD Crop BioScience Inc, Milwaukee, WI Samuel H. Smith, Seattle, WA Sherrie E. Smith, Univ of Arkansas Coop Ext Office, Lonoke, AR Shirley N. Smith, Alameda, CA Victoria L. Smith, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, New Haven, CT William H. Smith, Yale University, Center Harbor, NH Margaret L. Smither-Kopperl, USDA APHIS PPQ, Seatac, WA Baruch Sneh, Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel Richard A. Sniezko, PhD, USDA FS Dorena GRC, Cottage Grove, OR Karen L. Snover-Clift, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Glenn A. Snow, Long Beach, MS Eduardo Manuel Soares Guerreiro, Colos, Portugal Bruno W. Sobral, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA

Kay Softley, S-Arrow Inc, Lincoln, NE Michael D. Soika, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Nemat Sokhandan Bashir, Univ of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Maria Soledad Benitez, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Mohammad Javad Soleimani, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Halvor Solheim, Norwegian Forest & Landscape Inst, Aas, Norway Shauna C. Somerville, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Noel F. Sommer, Univ of California, Davis, CA Teruo Sone, Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Japan Congfeng Song, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Jeong Young Song, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Jing Song, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Ruiqing Song, Northeast Forestry Univ, Harbin, Peoples Rep of China Wen-Yuan Song, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Pattavipha Songkumarn, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Ronald M. Sonoda, El Cerrito, CA Ramesh V. Sonti, Centre Cellular & Molecular Biol, Hyderabad, India Sushma G. Sood, Royal Palm Beach, FL Jiraphan Sopee, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand Coralie R. Sopher, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Mark R. Sosnowski, SARDI, Adelaide, Australia Maria J. Soto, Donald Danforth Plant Science Ctr, St Louis, MO Jose Pablo Soto-Arias, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Alejandra Soto-Estrada, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Carroll J. Southards, Maryville, TN Gabriela Sovarel, Charlottesville, VA Elias Sowley, Univ for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana V. James Spadafora, FMC Corp, Princeton, NJ Pauline O. Spaine, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA Donald H. Spalding, Homosassa, FL Adam H. Sparks, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Suzanne Spencer, North Carolina Dept of Agric & Cons Svc, Raleigh, NC David W. Sperling, Empire Seed, Parish, NY Sara Spiegel, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Harold A. Spiegel, Jr., Preservation Tree Services Inc, Dallas, TX Oren W. Spilker, Reynoldsburg, OH Roberta Spitko, New England Fruit Consultants, Montague, MA Natalie Spivey, Duke Univ, Durham, NC Robert A. Spotts, Mid-Columbia Agric Res & Ext Ctr, Hood River, OR Harvey W. Spurr, Jr., North Carolina State Univ, Oxford, NC Aswathy Sreedharan, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Malinee Sriariyanun, Univ of California, Davis, CA Sunee Srisink, Department of Agriculture, Suphanburi, Thailand Krishna Prasad Srivastava, Pitampura, Delhi, India James P. Stack, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Robert W. Stack, Scottsboro, AL Robert E. Stall, Gainesville, FL William J. Stambaugh, Durham, NC Rio Stamler, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Gerd Stammler, BASF AG, Limburgerhof, Germany Richard R. Stange, Jr., USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL Hanane Stanghellini, Hollister, CA Michael E. Stanghellini, Univ of California, Riverside, CA

Michael S. Stanghellini, TriCal Inc, Hollister, CA Glen R. Stanosz, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Richard C. Staples, Ithaca, NY James J. Stapleton, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Dale A. Starkey, USDA Forest Service, Pineville, LA Marc St-Arnaud, Inst De Recherche En Biologie Vegetale, Montreal, QC, Canada Mira Starovic, Inst for Plant Protection & Env, Belgrade, Fed Rep of Yugoslavia James L. Starr, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX William D. Starrett, Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS Theodore H. Staub, Riehen, Switzerland Alfredo D. Stauffer, Univ Nacional de Asuncion, Asuncion, Paraguay J. Rennie Stavely, Silver Spring, MD James R. Steadman, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Karl C. Steddom, Texas Cooperative Extension, Overton, TX Jana Stedman, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Brian J. Steffenson, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Jeffrey M. Stein, South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD Christian Steinberg, INRA, Dijon Cedex, France Mark D. Steinberg, Whaley & Steinberg, Coarsegold, CA Todd A. Steinlage, Univ of Illinois, Champaign, IL Drake C. Stenger, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Sebastian A. Stenglein, Univ Nacional Del Centro, Azul, Argentina Arne Stensvand, Bioforsk Norwegian Inst of Agric & Env Res, Aas, Norway Danny J. Stephens, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Jan L. Stephens, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Paul A. Stephens, Pioneer Hi-Bred, Princeton, IL Kenneth Charles Stetina, USDA ARS SWSRU, Stoneville, MS Salliana R. Stetina, USDA ARS CG&PRU, Stoneville, MS Clauzell Stevens, Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee Univ, AL Mikel R. Stevens, Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT Katherine L. Stevenson, Univ of Georgia, Tifton, GA Walter R. Stevenson, Madison, WI Elwin L. Stewart, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Jane Stewart, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Lucy R. Stewart, Univ of California, Davis, CA Silvina M. Stewart, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Terry M. Stewart, Massey Univ, Palmerston North, New Zealand Ward C. Stienstra, Tenison, MI Carol M. Stiles, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Robert Stipanovic, USDA ARS, College Station, TX R. Jay Stipes, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Virginia O. Stockwell, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Vera Stojsin, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia And Montenegro Jessica L. Stolze-Rybczynski, Oxford, OH Jeffrey K. Stone, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR William J. Stone, Hunt, TX William F. Stoneman, W. F. Stoneman Co, McFarland, WI Martin F. Stoner, Pomona, CA Henrik U. Stotz, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Jens Stougaard, Univ of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark Larry J. Stowell, PACE Turfgrass Research Inst, San Diego, CA Sam Stoxen, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Carl A. Strausbaugh, USDA ARS NWISRL, Kimberly, ID Vittorio Mario Stravato, Fondi, Italy 113

Stephen E. Strelkov, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada David L. Strider, Lady Lake, FL Bruce Stripling, FMC Corp, Sparks, GA Erik L. Stromberg, VPI & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA Christine Struck, Univ of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Richard E. Stuckey, Surprise, AZ Michael J. Stukely, Dept of Environment & Conservation, Bentley DC, Australia Roy V. Sturgeon, Jr., Plant Health Services, Stillwater, OK Donald L. Stuteville, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Jean C. Stutz, Arizona State Univ, Mesa, AZ Hai Su, Univ of California, Davis, CA Hong Ji Su, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Carmen Suarez-Capello, Technical Univ of Quevedo, Quevedo, los rios, Ecuador Krishna V. Subbarao, Univ of California, Salinas, CA Nagendra Subedi, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Cristita Verna Subere, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Milorad Subic, Mursko Sredisce, Croatia Mysore R. Sudarshana, USDA-ARS, Davis, CA Padmalatha Sudarshana, USDA APHIS PPQ PHP, Beltsville, MD Hari Kishan Sudini, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL Tarkus Suganda, Univ Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia David Sugar, Oregon State Univ, Medford, OR Koya Sugawara, PhD, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Sung-Oui Suh, ATCC, Manassas, VA Serenella A. Sukno, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Patrice Suleman, Kuwait Univ, El Safat, Kuwait Melinda J. Sullivan, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Fort Collins, CO Raymond F. Sullivan, Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Viqar Sultana, Univ of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan Charles W. Sulzbach, Pullman, WA Michael A. Sulzinski, Univ of Scranton, Scranton, PA Brett A. Summerell, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, NSW, Australia Charles G. Summers, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Donald R. Sumner, Tifton, GA En-Jang Sun, National Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Fengcheng Sun, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada Hui Sun, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Qihong Sun, Univ of Maryland, Rockville, MD Wenxian Sun, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Xiaoan Sun, Florida Dept of Agric & Con Serv, Gainesville, FL Yongliang Sun, Monsanto Co, Waterman, IL Leif Sundheim, Bioforsk, Aas, Norway Daniel R. Sundin, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI George W. Sundin, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Garry Sunter, UT San Antonio, San Antonio, TX L. M. Suresh, Seminis Vegetable Seeds (India) Ltd, Maharastra, India James Susaimuthu, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Karen G. Suslow, Hines Horticulture Inc, Winters, CA Trevor V. Suslow, Univ of California, Davis, CA Jack R. Sutherland, Victoria, BC, Canada

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Mark W. Sutherland, Univ of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia John C. Sutton, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Turner B. Sutton, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Chester L. Sutula, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Fumihiko Suzuki, KONARC, Koshi, Kumamoto, Japan Jon Y. Suzuki, USDA ARS PWA, Hilo, HI Kazumi Suzuki, Shiga Kenritsu Daigaku, Shiga, Japan Antonet M. Svircev, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, ON, Canada Petr Svoboda, Hop Research Inst Co Ltd, Zatec, Czech Republic Kalleshwara Swamy C. M., Univ of Agricultural Science of Bangalore, Bangalore Karnataka, India George Swank, Portage, MI William H. Swanson, Skagit Farmers Supply, Stanwood, WA Wijnand J. Swart, Univ of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Rep of South Africa Mark W. Sweetingham, Dept of Agriculture & Food, Bentley Delivery Centre, Australia Laura E. Sweets, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Cassandra L. Swett, Univ of California, Davis, CA Curtis E. Swift, PhD, Grand Junction, CO Virginia Sykes, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA Jerzy Syller, Plant Breed & Acclimatization Inst, Mlochow, Poland Carolyn Syphrit, Nichino America Inc, Wilmington, DE Ryan L. Syverson, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Les J. Szabo, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN Abraham Sztejnberg, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Masanobu Tabata, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Iwate, Japan Ruth A. Taber, Texas A & M University, Lavale, MD Willard A. Taber, Texas A & M University, Lavale, MD Hideo Tachibana, Ames, IA Adel Zekri Tadrous, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Giza, Egypt Masatoki Taga, Okayama Univ, Okayama, Japan Tapashree Tah, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Yin-Shan Tai, Fargo, ND Frank H. Tainter, Central, SC Larry H. Taitelbaum, Opti-Sciences Inc, Hudson, NH Monilola A. Taiwo, Univ of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria Johanna E. Takach, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Makoto Takakuwa, Sapporo, Japan Toshiaki Takehara, Natl Agric Res Ctr West Region, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan Shigehito Takenaka, Natl Agric Res Ctr for Hokkaido Region, Hokkaido, Japan Minoru Takeshita, Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka, Japan Yuichi Takikawa, Shizuoka Univ, Shizuoka, Japan Hope Talbert, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Allison H. Tally, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC James T. Tambong, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Ljiljana (Lily) Tamburic-Ilincic, Univ of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada Lucius Tamm, FIBL, Frick, Switzerland James F. Tammen, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Neil H. Tan Gana, Ateneo de Manila Univ, Quezon City, Philippines Minoru Tanaka, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan Shuhei Tanaka, Yamaguchi Univ, Yamaguchi, Japan Eugenia Tang, Urbana, IL

Ji-Liang Tang, Guangxi Univ Life Science College, Nanning Guangxi, Peoples Rep of China Wei Tang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Weihua Tang, Shanghai Inst of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai, Peoples Rep of China Xiaoyan Tang, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Philippe Tanguay, Canadian Forest Service, Quebec, QC, Canada Edna Tanne, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel Brankica Tanovic, Pesticide & Environment Research Inst, Belgrade, Serbia William B. Tappan, Quincy, FL Jayanta Tarafdar, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, India Pierre Tardif, Bluecocos, Santa Cruz, CA Athar Tariq, CA Dept Food AGR, Sacramento, CA Raymond J. Tarleton, Oro Valley, AZ Javlon Tashpulatov, Institute of Microbiology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Nenad Tatalovic, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Satyanarayana Tatineni, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Terry A. Tattar, Univ of Massachusetts, Punta Gorda, FL Ahmed Tayfour, Stamford, CT Jeremey H. Taylor, Monsanto, Chesterfield, MO John M. Taylor, Potomac, MD Josephine Taylor, Stephen F Austin State Univ, Nacogdoches, TX Moray C. Taylor, Central Science Lab, York, United Kingdom Nancy J. Taylor, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH David O. Te Beest, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Dennis Te Beest, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hert, United Kingdom David S. Teakle, Univ of Queensland, Queensland, Australia Eric C. Tedford, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Tesfaye Tedla, USDA APHIS PPQ, Hawthorne, CA Robert S. Tegg, Tasmanian Inst of Agric Research, Newtown, TAS, Australia Andrej Tekauz, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Daniel Teliz Ortiz, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico Julio C. Tello Marquina, Univ of Almeria, Almeria, Spain Todd N. Temple, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Matthew D. Templeton, Hort and Food Research Inst, Auckland, New Zealand Paula F. Tennant, Univ of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica Rogerio P. Tenreiro, Univ Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Albert U. Tenuta, Ontario Ministry of Agric & Food, Ridgetown, ON, Canada Mark Tepfer, I.C.G.E.B. Biosafety Outstation, Ca Tron Di Roncade, TV, Italy Tohru Teraoka, PhD, Tokyo Univ of Agric & Tech, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan Katie Elizabeth Termer, Green Cove Springs, FL Nobuyuki Terouchi, Otsuma Women’s Univ, Tokyo, Japan Dauri Tessmann, Univ Estadual De Maringa, Maringa, Brazil Beth L. Teviotdale, Selma, CA Jacob Tewalt, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Jalpa P. Tewari, Edmonton, AB, Canada Ram P. Thakur, ICRISAT, Andhra Pradesh, India Foong-Yee Tham, Nanyang Technological Univ, Singapore, Singapore

Piyrat Thammakijjawat, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Constantine C. Thanassoulopoulos, Athens, Greece Niphone Thaveechai, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Thanuja Thekke Veetil, Univ of Illinois, Champaign, IL Sandra Thibivilliers, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Judy A. Thies, USDA ARS, Charleston, SC Vasanth Kumar Thimakapura, Green Lifescience Technologies Pvt Ltd, Mysore, India Julia Thissen, Athenix Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Carla S. Thomas, Univ of California, Davis, CA Charles A. Thomas, San Antonio, TX Claude E. Thomas, Charleston, SC Darryl L. Thomas, Goldsmith Seeds Inc, Gilroy, CA David Thomas, Syngenta Crop Protection, Monticello, IL Denise D. Thomas, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Garfield G. Thomas, BASF Corporation, Chesapeake City, MD H. Rex Thomas, Berkeley, CA Samantha Thomas, PhD, Seminis Vegetable Seed, Woodland, CA Sara Thomas, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Stephen H. Thomas, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Varghese Philip Thomas, Univ of California, Davis, CA Walter D. Thomas, Martinez, CA Linda S. Thomashow, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Brian Thomassen, Tessenderlo Kerley Inc, Phoenix, AZ David C. Thompson, Rutgers Univ, Princeton, NJ Jeffrey A. Thompson, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Mascoutah, IL Julia W. Thompson, Missouri Dept of Agric, Jefferson City, MO Jill R. Thomson, Univ of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Sherman V. Thomson, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT William T. Thomson, Monterey Chemical, Fresno, CA David W. Thornbury, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Alyson B. Thornton, Harris Moran Seed Co, Sun Prairie, WI Brenda C. Thornton, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Holly A. Thornton, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA R. L. Thornton, McDonough, GA Daniel J. Thorpe, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Johnston, IA Shaijal Babu Thru Ppoyil, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Mike Thurow, Spectrum Technologies Inc, Plainfield, IL H. David Thurston, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Bill D. Thyr, Reno, NV Bin Tian, Penn State Univ, State College, PA Fang Tian, Lincoln, NE Miaoying Tian, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Shimin Tian, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Shiping Tian, Inst of Botany, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Tongyan Tian, California Dept of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, CA Timothy E. Tidwell, California Dept of Food & Agric, Sacramento, CA Michael G. Tiffany, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Richard M. Tiffer, Orange County Agriculture Comm, Anaheim, CA L. W. Timmer, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Patricia Timper, USDA ARS, Tifton, GA Ned A. Tisserat, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Eleftherios C. Tjamos, Agric Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece Steven A. Tjosvold, Univ of California Coop Ext Svc, Watsonville, CA Jane L. Tobin, Seattle, WA 115

Takeshi Toda, PhD, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Abdel Mohsen Tohamy, PhD, Plant Pathology Research Inst, Alexandria, Egypt Motoaki Tojo, Osaka Prefecture Univ, Sakai, Japan Robert W. Toler, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Sue A. Tolin, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Maria Tomaso-Peterson, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Zeljko Tomic, Inst of Plant Protection in Agric & Forestry, Zagreb, Croatia Tsuyoshi Tomihama, Kagoshima Inst for Agric Development, Kagoshima, Japan Gail S. Tomimatsu, US EPA, Vienna, VA W. M. Brian Toole, Wheathheart Manufacturing, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Paul W. Tooley, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Fort Detrick, MD Juan A. Tores, CSIC, Malaga, Spain Cruz P. Torres, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, TX Rene Leonardo Torres, Sr., Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile, Santiago, Chile Gertrude A. Torto-Alalibo, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Tania Y. Toruno, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Yukio Tosa, Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan Hala Toubia-Rahme, Tulln, Austria Vicky Toussaint, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, St Jean Richelieu, QC, Canada Peter J. Toves, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Gabriel W. Towers, Target Specialty Products, Temple, AZ Kazuhiro Toyoda, Okayama Univ, Okayama, Japan Frances Trail, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Tuan Tran, CCIC(NA) Laboratory, Glendale, CA Antonio Trapero-Casas, Univ de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain James A. Traquair, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada Eduardo J. Traut, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl Inc, Woodland, CA James W. Travis, Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA Lane P. Tredway, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Linda M. Treeful, St Paul, MN Larry E. Trevathan, O’Fallon, MO Robert N. Trigiano, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Savarni Tripathi, USDA ARS, Univ of Hawaii, Hilo, HI Lindsay R. Triplett, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Kenneth L. Tripp, Norfolk, MA Aaron F. Trippe, Oregon Dept of Agriculture, Salem, OR Jacqueline Trojan, New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM Jane C. Trolinger, Yoder Brothers Inc, Alva, FL Anne Marte Tronsmo, Norwegian Univ of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway Arne Tronsmo, UMB, Aas, Norway Florent Pierre Trouillas, Univ of California, Davis, CA Joseph L. Troutman, Hilltop Lakes, TX Eduardo E. Trujillo, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Kathi Trujillo, Bozeman, MT Federico Trujillo Viramontes, Hidroponia Maya, Quintana Roo, Mexico Lori Trummer, USDA Forest Service, Anchorage, AK Erkki Truve, Tallinn Univ of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia Chi-Wei Tsai, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA James H. Tsai, Plantation, FL Dimitris S. Tsaltas, Cyprus Univ of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus 116

Pamela W. Tsao, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Peter H. Tsao, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Jwu-Guh Tsay, Natl Chiayi Univ, Chiayi, Taiwan Rep of China Arnold T. Tschanz, USDA APHIS PPQ PHP PRIM, Riverdale, MD Dimitrios I. Tsitsigiannis, Agric Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece Leah L. Tsror, Agric Research Organization, MP Negev, Israel Kenichi Tsuchiya, Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka, Japan Shinya Tsuda, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Seiji Tsuge, PhD, Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Japan Takashi Tsuge, Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Nagoya, Japan Clement K.M. Tsui, Department of Forest Science, The Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Jun Tsuji, Siena Heights Univ, Adrian, MI Masako Tsujimoto Noguchi, Natl Inst Agro Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Shinji Tsuyumu, Shizuoka Univ, Shizuoka, Japan Jun Tu, Univ of Texas At San Antonio, San Antonio, TX Kayimbi M. Tubajika, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Raleigh, NC Pavani G. Tumbalam, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Berna TUNALI, Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey Elena Turco, PhD, Plant Protection Inst, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy William W. Turechek, USDA ARS SAA SPP, Fort Pierce, FL B. Gillian Turgeon, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Cafer Turgut, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Massimo Turina, Istituto Di Virologia Vegetale, CNR, Torino, Italy Thomas A. Turini, Madera, CA T. Kelly Turkington, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada Diane A. Turner, NC Cooperative Extension, Hendersonville, NC Jay Turner, IV, Arysta LifeScience, Olive Branch, MS Patti A. Turner, Crompton Corp / CIE, Guelph, ON, Canada Stuart A. Turner, Turner & Co Inc, West Richland, WA Losenge Turoop, Jomo Kenyatta Univ of Agric & Technology, Nairobi, Kenya Bui Cach Tuyen, Univ of Agric & Forestry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Russell J. Tweddell, Univ Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada B. G. Tweedy, Cobden, IL Elizabeth N. Twieg, USDA APHIS CPHST, Beltsville, MD Paul G. Twigg, Univ of Nebraska, Kearney, NE Mathias Twizeyimana, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Brett M. Tyler, Virginia Bioinformatics Inst, Blacksburg, VA Gregory L. Tylka, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Ludmila V. Tytova, Inst of Microbiology and Virology, Kyiv, Ukraine Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Shean-Shong Tzean, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Dean D. Tzeng, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Janice Y. Uchida, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Raymond S. Uchida, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Asako Uchiyama, Cornell Univ, Manlius, NY Wakar Uddin, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Shoko Ueki, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY Seiji Uematsu, So PHI ( Danchi Engei Kenkyusho), Chiba-Ken, Japan

Bernardo B. Ueno, EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Masashi Ugaki, Univ of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Jean M. Uhlenhake, Seminis Vegetable Seeds, DeForest, WI Dilcia Ulacio Osorio, Urbanizacion Terepaima, Cabudare, Venezuela Vincent L. Ulstad, Fargo, ND Ngwanma Ukpai Uma, Univ of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria Pathmanathan Umaharan, Univ of the West Indies, St Augustin, West Indies, Trinidad Antti Uotila, Univ of Helsinki, Korkeakoski, Finland Robert G. Upchurch, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC Srinivasa R. Uppalapati, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Christen D. Upper, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Jose Ramon Urbez Torres, Univ of California, Davis, CA Pedro Uribe, USDA ARS, San Juan Bautista, CA Ikuzo Uritani, Chikusa,Nagoya, Japan Keiddy E. Urrea, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Michael J. Urwiler, Syngenta Crop Protection, Lubbock, TX Curtis Utley, Jefferson County Coop Ext, Golden, CO Ichiro Uyeda, Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan Jerry K. Uyemoto, USDA ARS, Davis, CA Ganesan Vadamalai, Univ Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Zarir E. Vaghchhipawala, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Michael E. Vail, Windsor, CA Lisa J. Vaillancourt, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Demetrios John Vakalounakis, Natl Agric Research Foundation, Heraklio, Crete, Greece Nader G. Vakili, Lake City, FL Rosa Maria Valdebenito-Sanhueza, PRO-TERRA, Vacaria, RS, Brazil Guadalupe Valdovinos Ponce, Colegio de Postgraduados, Monticello, Mexico Barbara S. Valent, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Jari Valkonen, Univ of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Gary E. Vallad, Univ of Florida, Wimauma, FL Jessica Vallance, ESMISAB, Plouzane, France Olga V. Vallejos, Univ Pedro Ruiz Gallo-Lambayeque, Lima 12, Peru Rodrigo A. Valverde, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Neal K. Van Alfen, Univ of California, Davis, CA Eugene P. Van Arsdel, Tijeras, NM Johan Van Asbrouck, Astec Inc, Sheridan, WY Ariena H. van Bruggen, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands Martijn van de Mortel, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Frank Van Den Bosch, IACR Rothamsted, Hertsfordshire, United Kingdom Elisabeth Wilhelmina van der Heijden, Bejo Zaden BV, Warmenhuizen, Netherlands Grace van der Puije, Univ of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana Jacquie E. Van Der Waals, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of South Africa Wopke Van Der Werf, Wageningen University, Plant Sciences, Wageningen, Netherlands Tom Van Der Zwet, Kearneysville, WV Hans D. Van Etten, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ

James L. Van Etten, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Frederique Van Gijsegem, INRA, PARIS, France Seymour D. Van Gundy, Riverside, CA Randy M. Van Haren, Pest Pros Inc, Plainfield, WI Leendert C. Van Loon, Utrecht Univ, Utrecht, Netherlands Nicolaas Van Opstal, OEPP/EPPO, Paris, France Chris C.N. Van Schie, PhD, Univ of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA Marie-Anne Van Sluys, Univ of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Henry Van Tuyl Cotter, FMC Agricultural Products, Princeton, NJ Thomas D. Van Zyl, Bertie Van Zyl Pty Ltd, Mooketsi, Limpopo, Rep of South Africa Carroll P. Vance, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Edwin A. Vandenberg, Bayer Environmental Science, Guelph, ON, Canada Jan J. Vandermeij, Ball Horticultural Co, West Chicago, IL Marc C. VanMontagu, Ghent Univ, Gent, Belgium Stephen R. Vann, Univ of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR Marina P. Varbanova, Michigan State Univ, East Lamsing, MI Felicita Varela-Ramirez, Univ of Puerto Rico, Isabela, PR Angela Vargas, Univ De Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia Joseph M. Vargas, Jr., Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Rodney H. Vargo, Fort Wayne, IN Eugene H. Varney, Somerset, NJ Leonardo Varvaro, Univ Degli Studi Della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy Valentina Vasileva, Central Lab for Plant Quarantine, Sofia, Bulgaria Stephen J. Vasquez, Univ of California Coop Ext, Fresno, CA Leila Minea Vasquez-Siller, Univ Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico Patricia Vaz, Inst de Inv Biologicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay Elymar V. Vea, Crownsville, MD Miguel E. Vega Sanchez, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Nubia Yineth Velasquez, Auburn Univ, Auburn University, AL Jose Joaquin Velazquez-Monreal, Colima, Mexico Heriberto E. Velez, Univ College Cork, Cork, Ireland Maria C. Velez, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Ramamoorthy Vellaisamy, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID Evangelos K. Vellios, Univ of Thessaly, N Ionia Magnissias, Greece Karuppannan Veluthambi, Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Madurai, India Wilson Story Venancio, State Univ Ponta Grossa, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Muthusubramanian Venkateshwaran, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Jose A. Ventura, INCAPER, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Casiana M. Vera Cruz, Intl Rice Research Inst, Metro Manila, Philippines Mike Vercauteren, Battle Ground, IN Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Soledad Verdejo-Lucas, IRTA Cabrils, Cabrils Barcelona, Spain Benedictus J. M. Verduin, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands Danny M. Vereecke, Univ of Gent, Gent, Belgium Pierluigi Verga, MIRT Fondazione Minoprio, Vertemate Con Minoprio, Italy Adriaan M. W. Vermunt, Groen Agro Control, Delfgauw, ZuidHolland, Netherlands 117

Christian Verniere, CIRAD, Saint Pierre, France Paola Veronese, PhD, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Joseph A. Verreet, Univ of Kiel, Kiel, Germany Dasa Vesely, Prague 6, Czech Republic Josef H. Vetten, Federal Res Ctr Agric & Forestry, Braunschweig, Germany Agathe Vialle, Laval Univ, Quebec, QC, Canada Amelia Vick, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Chris Vick, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL Jorge I. Victoria, Cenicana, Cali, Valle, Colombia Joao Vida, Univ Estadual De Maringa, Maringa, Brazil Georgios Vidalakis, University of California, Riverside, CA Anne K. Vidaver, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Christina MC Vieglais, Univ of California, Santa Barbara, CA Vivian Vilich, PlantProtectionProjects, Halfmoon Bay, BC, Canada Altus Viljoen, Univ of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Rep of South Africa Sara Michelle Villani, Geneva, NY Maria Isabel Villarroel-Zeballos, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Roxana Villegas Cruz, Michoacana Univ of San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Uruapan Michoacan, Mexico Inmaculada Vinas, Univ of Lleida, Lleida, Spain Boris A. Vinatzer, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Paul Vincelli, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Angela C. Vincent Jurick, Gainesville, FL Kelly J. Vining, Univ of New Hampshire, Durham, NH Helen A. Violi, Univ of Florida, Miami, FL Ferenc Viranyi, Szent Istvan Univ Godollo, Godollo, Hungary Olivier Viret, Agroscpoe RAC Changins, Suisse, Switzerland Niphon Visarathanonth, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok, Thailand Marinda Visser, PhD, Department of Agriculture, Pretoria, South Afri, Rep of South Africa Diego M. Viteri Dillon, Univ of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR Anne M. Vitoreli, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL Ramya Vittal, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Jorge M. Vivanco, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO Elisabetta Vivoda, Harris Moran Seed Co, Davis, CA Tanja Maria Voegel, Univ of California, Davis, CA Rickie P. Voland, Madison, WI Andreas E. Voloudakis, Agric Univ of Athens, Athens, Greece Daniel C. Voltz, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Sharon L. Von Broembsen, Aurora, CO Ralph H. Von Qualen, ACTS Inc, Carroll, IA Andreas Von Tiedemann, Univ of Gottingen, Goettingen, Germany Peter D. Voth, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Baziel W. Vrient, Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN Vladimir Vujanovic, Univ of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Cees Waalwijk, Plant Research Intl, Wageningen, Netherlands Daniel B. Wacks, Univ of Redlands, Redlands, CA Paul E. Waggoner, Connecticut Agric Exp Station, Guilford, CT Anna M. Wagner, Agricultural Univ, Lublin, Poland Harvey K. Wagnon, Santa Rosa, CA Elisabeth Waigmann, Medical Univ of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Laura M. Wakefield, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Ronald R. Walcott, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Christine M. Waldenmaier, VPI & State Univ, Painter, VA 118

Farid Waliyar, ICRISAT, Andhra Pradesh, India David R. Walker, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL Graham C. Walker, Massachusetts Inst of Technology, Cambridge, MA Harrell Lynn Walker, Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA Jerry T. Walker, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA Katherine A. Walker, BASF, Res Triangle Park, NC Nathan R. Walker, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK Sandra K. Walker, USDA AMS LS SRTB, Gastonia, NC Scott L. Walker, BASF Corp, Res Triangle Park, NC Charles H. Walkinshaw, Jr., Columbus, GA Diana H. Wall, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO George C. Wall, Univ of Guam, Mangilao, GU Mark T. Wall, Syngenta Seeds Inc, Waimea, HI James A. Walla, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Patricia Wallace, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR Frank Waller, Justus-Liebig Univ Giessen, Giessen, Germany Matthew W. Wallhead, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Linda L. Walling, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Christopher M. Wallis, Univ of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada John F. Walsh, CelPril, Manteca, CA Michael H. Walter, PhD, Univ of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA Dale R. Walters, Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Jonathan D. Walton, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Larry C. Walton, Dow AgroSciences LLC, Tupelo, MS Yeshi A. Wamishe, Gainesville State College, Oakwood, GA Baohua Wang, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry Univ, Fujian, Dawei Wang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Dechun Wang, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Dongping Wang, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Guo-Liang Wang, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Haiguang Wang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Hehe Wang, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Hong-Kai Wang, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Jaw-Fen Wang, AVRDC, Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan Rep of China Jinbo Wang, Univ of California, Davis, CA Jinsheng Wang, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Ju Wang, PhD, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Keri Wang, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Koon-Hui Wang, Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Lixia Wang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Min Wang, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of China Nian Wang, Univ of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL Qu Wang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Shiping Wang, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Shouhua Wang, Nevada Dept of Agric, Reno, NV Tang-Kai Wang, Bureau of Animal Plant Health Inspection & Quarantine, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Xiaohong Wang, USDA-ARS, Ithaca, NY, Ithaca, NY Xiao-ming Wang, Chinese Academy of Agric Science, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Xiaopeng Wang, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI

Xifeng Wang, Inst of Plant Protection, CAAS, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Xinrong Wang, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Xueyan Wang, PhD, USDA ARS DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR Ye Wang, PhD, Univ of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Yuanchao Wang, Nanjing Agric Univ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples Rep of China Yueguang Wang, Beaumont, TX Zhaohui Wang, Murdoch Univ, Perth, Australia Zheng Wang, Univ of Iowa, Iowa City, IA Zhenvue Wang, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of China Zhenzhong Wang, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Zonghua Wang, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry Univ, Fujian, Leslie A. Wanner, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Calvin H. Ward, Rice Univ, Houston, TX Nicole Ward, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Sarah B. Ware, Univ of Arkansas, Greenland, AR Colleen Y. Warfield, Univ of California, Half Moon Bay, CA Philip M. Wargo, USDA Forest Service, Wallingford, CT Stephen J. Warnock, Davis, CA Jeremy Warren, Davis, CA Prem Warrior, Valent BioSciences Corp, Long Grove, IL Lusike Wasilwa, Kenya Agric Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya Tsuneo Watanabe, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan Curtis M. Waters, Campbell Soup Co, Davis, CA Howard E. Waterworth, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD James T. Watkins, Nunhems USA Inc, Caldwell, ID John E. Watkins, Lander, WY Clifford G. Watrin, Syngenta Crop Protection, Wyoming, MN Lidia S. Watrud, Environmental Protection Agcy, Corvallis, OR Amanda F. Watson, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL David L. Watson, St Charles, IL Greg R. Watson, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Michael T. Watson, PhD, USDA APHIS BRS, Riverdale, MD Robert J. Watson, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada William A. Watson, Layman Wholesale Nursery, Trenton, SC Bruce A. Watt, Univ of Maine, Orono, ME Lewis G. Weathers, Univ of California, Riverside, CA Craig A. Webb, USDA APHIS PPQ, Manhattan, KS Kimberly M. Webb, STA Laboratories Inc, Firestone, CO Susan E. Webb, Univ of Florida Entomology and Nematology, Gainesville, FL Brooke N. Weber, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Robert K. Webster, Univ of California, Davis, CA W. Patrick Wechter, Charleston, SC David E. Wedge, USDA ARS, University, MS Japheth D. Weems, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Stephen N. Wegulo, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Benqiang Wei, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Hailei Wei, Inst of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Ji-Guang Wei, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, Peoples Rep of China Li Wei, Jiangsu Academy of Agric. Sci., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, Peoples Rep of China

Lihui Wei, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Wei Wei, USDA ARS MPPL, Beltsville, MD Gregory J. Weidemann, Univ of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR Gerald E. Weiland, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR John J. Weiland, USDA ARS, Fargo, ND Robert J. Weimer, Weimer Mfg Co Inc, Atwater, CA Albert R. Weinhold, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Natalia A. Weinsetel, PhD, USDA APHIS, Riverdale, MD Dan Michael Weinthal, Rishon Lezion, Israel Marvin Weintraub, Vancouver, BC, Canada Leonard L. Welch, Valent USA Corp, Hood River, OR Teclemariam Weldekidan, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE David M. Weller, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Ruth A. Welliver, Pennsylvania Dept of Agric, Harrisburg, PA Richard A. Wellman, Certified Crop Care Inc, Blythe, CA Bonnie C. Wells, Mississippi State Univ, Stoneville, MS Homer D. Wells, Springfield, GA Jay C. Wells, Greenville, NC Maurice F. Welsh, Summerland, BC, Canada Mark S. Welterlen, PBI/Gordon Corp, Kansas City, MO Ronald E. Welty, Corvallis, OR Aimin Wen, Univ of Florida, Quincy, FL Caiyi Wen, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of China Fushi Wen, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Adriane Wendland, EMBRAPA-CNPAF, Santo Antonio De Goiania, GO, Brazil Ziming Weng, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Nancy G. Wenner, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA C. Erik Werner, The Hedgerows, Philadelphia, PA Sabine Werres, PhD, Fedl Bio Res Centre for Agric & For, Braunschweig, Germany Thomas L. Wessels, Washington State Dept of Agric, Olympia, WA Sheila J. West, Visalia, CA Becky B. Westerdahl, Univ of California, Davis, CA Friedrich A. Westover, Texas Cooperative Extension, Houston, TX Andreas Westphal, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Henry C. Wetzel, III, Coeur D’Alene, ID Julian W. Whaley, Whaley & Steinberg, Fresno, CA Phillip S. Wharton, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Jerald E. Wheeler, Winfield Solutions LLC, Tucson, AZ Terry A. Wheeler, Texas Agric Experiment Station, Lubbock, TX John M. Whipps, Univ of Warwick, Warwickshire, United Kingdom Robert L. Whitaker, Stockton, CA Vance M. Whitaker, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Carol R. C. White, Soil & Plant Laboratory, Glendora, CA Donald G. White, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Frank F. White, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS James F. White, Jr., Rutgers Univ, New Brunswick, NJ Jeanenne B. White, California Dept of Food & Agric, Sacramento, CA James R. Whitehead, Oxford, MS Garnett B. Whitehurst, Whitehurst Associates Inc, New Bern, NC Steven K. Whitesides, OmniLytics Inc, Salt Lake City, UT Anna E. Whitfield, Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS Kelly R. Whiting, Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO Roy D. Whitney, Calgary, AB, Canada Roy S. Whitson, United Phosphorus Inc, Fresno, CA 119

Katherine R. Whitten Buxton, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Jonathan L. Whitworth, USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID Robert L. Wick, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Donald T. Wicklow, USDA ARS NCAUR, Peoria, IL Damitha Wickramasinghe, Pennsylvania State Univ, University Park, PA Trevor J. Wicks, South Australian R&D Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia Margaret A. Wideman, Monsanto, St Louis, MO Fitri Widiantini, Univ Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Timothy L. Widmer, USDA ARS FDWSRU, Frederick, MD Wayne L. Wiebe, Syngenta, Nampa, ID Cosima Wiese, College Misericordia, Dallas, PA Maury V. Wiese, Moscow, ID Aric Wiest, Univ of Missouri, Kansas City, MO Martin D. Wiglesworth, Arysta LifeScience North America, Cary, NC Wayne F. Wilcox, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Margot Wilhelm, Univ of California, Davis, CA Carol A. Wilkinson, Southern Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, VA Bridget D. Wille, Rockville, MD Roger W. Willemsen, United Phosphorus Inc, Moscow, ID Jeannine Willett, Agro Engineering Inc, Alamosa, CO Joshua J. Willey, DuPont Ag & Nutrition, Newark, DE Bob W. Williams, DuPont Crop Protection, Raleigh, NC Jeannette A. Williams, Bodles Research Station, St Catherine, Jamaica Lansing E. Williams, Wooster, OH Paul H. Williams, Madison, WI Stephen Williams, Citrus Research & Education Inst, Dangriga Town, Belize Margaret R. Williamson, Clemson Univ, Pendleton, SC Valerie M. Williamson, Univ of California, Davis, CA Jean Williams-Woodward, University of Georgia, Athens, GA David A. Willis, Agassiz Crop Management Inc, Thief River Falls, MN David K. Willis, USDA ARS VCRU, Madison, WI William Willis, Salinas, KS Laetitia Willocquet, IRRI, Metro Manila, Philippines Wirt H. Wills, Blacksburg, VA Katelyn T. Willyerd, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Jeroen Wilmer, BIOGEMMA, Mondonville, France A. Dan Wilson, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS Charles L. Wilson, Shepherdstown, WV Ella V. Wilson, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Jack B. Wilson, Trumansburg, NY Jeffrey Norman Wilson, Texas Agric Experiment Station, Lubbock, TX Jeffrey P. Wilson, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA Joanne A. Wilson, Ministry of Agric and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand Leslie L. Wilson, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Wendy J. Wilson, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA Willie J. Wilson, Chalfont, PA Adam Wimer, Painter, VA Carol E. Windels, Univ of Minnesota, Crookston, MN Juliet M. Windes, Univ of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID Alan S. Windham, Univ of Tennessee, Nashville, TN Gary L. Windham, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 120

Mark T. Windham, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Sofia T. Windstam, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI Michael J. Wingfield, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, Rep of South Africa Nash N. Winstead, Raleigh, NC Stephan S. Winter, DSMZ Plant Virus Collection, Braunschweig, Germany Christopher Q. Winterbottom, Sierra Cascade Nursery Inc, Hollister, CA William M. Wintermantel, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA Loretta M. Winton, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK Stefan Wirsel, Universitaet Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany Kiersten A. Wise, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Roger P. Wise, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA Gail C. Wisler, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Randall J. Wisser, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Christina M. Wistrom, Univ of California, Berkeley, CA Wesley Witcher, Central, SC Walter Wohanka, Research Center Geisenheim, Geisenheim, Germany Silvia M. Wolcan, Univ Nacl de La Plata, La Plata BA, Argentina Jane Wolken, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Charles P. Woloshuk, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Erika Alejandra Wolski, Univ Nacl De Mar Del Plata, Mar Del Plata, Argentina Christine D. Woltjen, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Frank P. Wong, University of California, Riverside, CA Ken Wong, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Burnaby, BC, Canada Mui-Yun Wong, Univ Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Sek-Man Wong, Natl Univ of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Wan Chew Wong, Univ Malaysia Sabah, Kulai, Malaysia Donald R. Wood, Boulder, CO Ronald K. S. Wood, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom Alicia K. Wood-Jones, VPI & SU, Blacksburg, VA Dale M. Woods, California Dept of Food & Agric, Sacramento, CA Jason E. Woodward, Texas A&M Univ, Lubbock, TX Gayle L. Worf, Madison, WI Fekede Workneh, Texas AgriLife Research, Bushland, TX James J. Worrall, USDA Forest Service, Gunnison, CO Lambert P. Woudt, Syngenta Seeds B.V., Enkhuizen, Netherlands Allen Wrather, Univ of Missouri, Portageville, MO David L. Wright, Iowa Soybean Association, Urbandale, IA Eduardo Roberto Wright, Univ De Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, BA, Argentina Robert J. Wright, Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX Simeon Wright, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Bo M. Wu, Univ of California, Salinas, CA Hsiu-Chen Wu, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Lung-Chi Wu, Pasadena, CA Pin Shan Wu, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Xuehong Wu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Yun Wu, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV Yunfeng Wu, Northwest A&F Univ, Yangling, Xian, Peoples Rep of China

Zhong-Bin Wu, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Michael J. Wunsch, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Jennifer Lin Wurdack, Carnation, WA Kirstin V. Wurms, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand Christian A. Wyenandt, Rutgers Univ, Bridgeton, NJ Thomas D. Wyllie, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Jun Q. Xia, AC Diagnostics Inc, Fayetteville, AR Meichun Xiang, PhD, Inst of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Meimei Xiang, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Chang-Lin Xiao, Washington State Univ, Wenatchee, WA Bingyan Xie, Chinese Academy of Agric Science, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Guan Lin Xie, PhD, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang, Peoples Rep of China Hui Xie, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Jiatao Xie, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Lijuan Xing, Syngenta Crop Protection, Leland, MS Xiaoping Xing, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of China Huimin Xu, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlettetown, PE, Canada Jin-Rong Xu, Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN Li Xu, Univ of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada Shichang Xu, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Tong Xu, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Xiangming Xu, East Malling Research, West Malling, Kent, United Kingdom Xiulan Xu, Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH Yanli Xu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Peoples Rep of China Zhihan Xu, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Bingye Xue, North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC Qingyun Xue, plant protection, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Bindhya C. Yadav, Indian Inst of Technology, Kanpur, India Levi Yafetto, Miami Univ, Oxford, OH Mohammad Yaghmour, Univ of California, Parlier, CA Lani E. Yakabe, Univ of California, Davis, CA Mikihiro Yamamoto, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan Yuichi Yamaoka, Univ of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan Kazuo Yamashita, Aomori Field Crops & Hort Exp Station, Rokunohe, Japan Norihito Yamauchi, Natl Inst Vegetable & Tea Science, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan Hiromichi Yamazaki, Natl Agric Research Center - Tohoku, Morioka, Japan Guiping Yan, Oregon State Univ, Adams, OR Hong Yan, Beijing Academy of Agric & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Jin Yan, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Jiye Yan, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Li Yan, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA Camilla Yandoc Ables, Natl Academy of Sciences, BANR, Washington, DC

Jennifer M. Yanez, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Baojun Yang, Univ of Hawaii At Manoa, Honolulu, HI Bing Yang, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Bo Yang, Univ of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Ching-Hong Yang, Univ of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI Chunling Yang, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Dian-Qing Yang, FPInnovations - Forintek, Quebec, QC, Canada Hong-Ren Yang, Taiwan Agric Res Inst, Chiayi, Taiwan Rep of China Hsiu-Chu Yang, Taiwan Ag Chem Toxic Subs Inst, Taichung Hsien, Taiwan Rep of China Jian Yang, Alberta Research Council, Vegreville, AB, Canada Jun Yang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Kwang-Yeol Yang, Chonnam National Univ, Gwangju, South Korea Litao Yang, USDA ARS, Parlier, CA Seung Up Yang, Chungbuk National Univ, Cheongiu, Korea Tso-Chi Yang, Taiwan Seed Impr & Prop Station, COA, Taiwan, Taiwan Rep of China Xiao-Bing Yang, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA XingYong Yang, Beibei, Chongqing, Peoples Rep of China Yali Yang Yang, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Yinong Yang, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Jian Yao, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Oded Yarden, Hebrew Univ, Rehovot, Israel Erika Yashiro, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Fumitoshi Yasuda, Tottori Engei Shikenjyo, Tohaku-Gun, Tottori, Japan Nobuko Yasuda, Natl Agric Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Ida E. Yates, USDA ARS RRC, Athens, GA Huazhi Ye, Sichuan Agric Univ, Sichuan, Peoples Rep of China Weimin Ye, North Carolina Dept of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC Xinrong Ye, Sensient Dehydrated Flavors, Cressey, CA Chun Yen Yeh, Taoyuan Agric Res & Ext Station, Taiwan, Taiwan Rep of China Shyi-Dong Yeh, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Ying Yeh, BAPHIQ- Council of Agric, Taipei, Taiwan Rep of China Cho-Long Yeon, Chungbuk National University, Cheong Ju, South Korea Ayhan Yildiz, Adnan Menderes Univ, Aydin, Turkey Chuntao Yin, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA Hu Yin, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Jingfang Yin, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Jan A. Yingling, Univ of Arkansas Ext, Honoke, AR Ronald E. Ykema, Arizona Dept of Agric, Phoenix, AZ Jennifer A. Yocum, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Keith S. Yoder, VPI & SU, Winchester, VA Olen C. Yoder, Ramona, CA David S. Yohalem, East Malling Research, East Malling, Kent, United Kingdom Raymond K. Yokomi, USDA ARS PWA, Parlier, CA Shinso Yokota, Utsunomiya Univ, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan Henry D. Yonce, Sr., KAC Agricultural Research Inc, Deland, FL Shinji Yonemura, Hokko Chemical Industry Co Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan Katsuyoshi Yoneyama, Meiji Univ, Kanagawa, Japan 121

Hozumi Yoshida, Tokyo Univ of Agric, Abashiri Hokkaido, Japan Nobuyuki Yoshikawa, Iwate Univ, Morioka Iwate, Japan Michael A. Yoshimura, California Polytechnic State Univ, San Luis Obispo, CA Chunping You, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Carolyn A. Young, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK Joseph R. Young, Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS Lawrence D. Young, USDA ARS MSA CGPRU, Stoneville, MS Lee Sun Young, Inst for Agricultural Economics, Seoul, South Korea Roy A. Young, Corvallis, OR Stanford A. Young, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT Thomas R. Young, Del Monte Fresh Produce Co, Vero Beach, FL Hendrik L. Ypema, BASF Corporation, Res Triangle Park, NC Jia-Lin Yu, PhD, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Junjie Yu, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China JunMyoung Yu, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Yang Yu, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Caiyao Yuan, BASF Corp, Dinuba, CA Hongxia Yuan, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of China Gary Y. Yuen, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Jonathan E. Yuen, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden Debra Yuhas, FMC, Princeton, NJ Endah Yulia, Univ Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Hye Young Yun, Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea Felipe Zabala, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Jan C. Zadoks, Amsterdam, Netherlands Pascal L. Zaffarano, Swiss Federal Inst of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland Tirtza Zahavi, Ministry of Agriculture, Kiriat Shmone, Israel Paulo A. Zaini, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Milton Zaitlin, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Bratislav Zak, Marysville, WA Abdolkarym Zakeri, Fars Agric Research Center, Fars, Zargan, Iran Paul J. Zambino, USDA Forest Service, SoCal Forest Health Protection, San Bernardino, CA Larry E. Zang, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC Jennifer L. Zantinge, Alberta Agriculture, Lacombe, AB, Canada James W. Zanzot, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL Inga A. Zasada, USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD Tom C. Zavesky, Fresno, CA Robert Edward Zdor, Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI Dijana D. Zecevic, Galenika Fitofarmacija A.D., ZemunBelgrade, Serbia And Montenegro Walter M. Zeck, Bayer CropScience, Vero Beach, FL Eldon I. Zehr, Anderson, SC Robert S. Zeigler, Intl Rice Research Inst, Metro Manila, Philippines Lily Xochilt Zelaya-Molina, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Distrito Federal, DF, Mexico Kurt A. Zeller, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Beltsville, MD Wolfgang Zeller, BBA, Inst for Biological Control, Darmstadt, Germany 122

Wendy L. Zellner, Univ of Toledo, Williston, OH Kaoru Zenbayashi-Sawata, Natl Agric Res Ctr for Tohoku Region, Daisen, Akita, Japan Fanyun Zeng, Huazhong Agric Univ, Wuhan, Peoples Rep of China Wenting Zeng, Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI Yongsan Zeng, Zhongkai Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Guangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Maria Zenobi, Roma, Italy Francisco M. Zerbini, Jr., Univ Federal De Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil Marcelo Zerillo, Univ of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Richard J. Zeyen, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Chunquan Zhang, Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA Fengru Zhang, USDA APHIS PPQ, South San Francisco, CA Guiying Zhang, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Guozhen Zhang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Lili Zhang, Penn State Univ, University Park, PA Li-Qun Zhang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Liying Zhang, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Meng Zhang, PhD, Henan Agric Univ, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples Rep of China Ning Zhang, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Shouan Zhang, PhD, Univ of Florida, Homestead, FL Shulu Zhang, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA Shuo Cheng Zhang, Alcorn State Univ, Lorman, MS Xuecheng Zhang, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO Xuemin Zhang, Univ of Maryland, Rockville, MD Yan Zhang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Yongjiang Zhang, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China YunPing Zhang, PhD, California Dept of Food & Agric, Sacramento, CA Zhengguang Zhang, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Zhifen Zhang, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Zhongjun Zhang, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Jun Zhao, Inner Mongolia Agric Univ, Huhhot, Peoples Rep of China Wensheng Zhao, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Yan Zhao, USDA ARS MPPL, Beltsville, MD Youfu Zhao, Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL Zuo Cheng Zhao, Mamaroneck, NY Jingwu Zheng, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Xiangyang Zheng, Magnum Seeds, Dixon, CA Xiaobo Zheng, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China You-Xiu Zheng, National Chung Hsing Univ, Taichung, Taiwan Rep of China Shaobin Zhong, PhD, North Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND Erxun Zhou, South China Agric Univ, Guangdong, Peoples Rep of China Hao Zhou, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, MN Hong You Zhou, Inner Mongolia Agric Univ, Huhhot, Peoples Rep of China

Ligang Zhou, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Lijuan Zhou, Horticulture Researsh Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL Mingguo Zhou, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing, Peoples Rep of China Tao Zhou, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Xin-Gen Zhou, Univ of Maryland, Salisbury, MD Xueping Zhou, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples Rep of China Yilin Zhou, Inst of Plant Protection, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Shuifang Zhu, Chinese Academy of Inspec & Quarantine, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Shusheng Zhu, Yunnan Agricultural Univ, Kunming, Peoples Rep of China Xiaoqiong Zhu, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China Xiaoyang Zhu, Agric & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Zhen-dong Zhu, Chinese Academy of Agric Science, Beijing, Peoples Rep of China

Nina K. Zidack, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT Amy D. Ziems, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE Carolien Zijlstra, Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands Nicholas C. Zitomer, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA Stella M. Zitter, Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY Thomas A. Zitter, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY Dimitrios Zogopoulos, Agricultural Development S.A., Kyparissia, Greece Broc G. Zoller, The Pear Doctor Inc, Kelseyville, CA Stanley J. Zontek, USGA Green Section, Glen Mills, PA Bert M. Zuckerman, Yarmouth, ME Clara R. Zumpetta, The Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH Yuhu Zuo, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation Univ, Daqing, Peoples Rep of China

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APS Sustaining Associates Sustaining Associate Members have been an integral part of the society since the formation of this membership category in 1945.

APS offers special thanks to the following companies and organizations for their continued support and involvement. This listing represents all Sustaining Associate members as of May 1, 2008.

AC Diagnostics, Inc. Member Since 2007

Cheminova, Inc. Member Since 2008

Pest Pros, Inc. Member Since 1989

Agdia, Inc. Member Since 1991

Dow AgroSciences LLC Member Since 1949

Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl, Inc. Member Since 1990

Agripath, Inc. Member Since 2006

DuPont Ag & Nutrition Member Since 1945

Plant Pathology Research Group Member Since 2004

Alf Christianson Seed Co. Member Since 1986

EnviroLogix, Inc. Member Since 2007

Sakata Seed America, Inc. Member Since 1986

Arysta LifeScience North America Member Since 1997

Gylling Data Management, Inc. Member Since 2004

Seminis Vegetable Seeds Member Since 1986

BAAR Scientific LLC Member Since 2005

ISK Biosciences Corp.

Member Since 1977

Spectrum Technologies, Inc. Member Since 2000

Ball Horticultural Co. Member Since 1986

Janssen Pharmaceutica, Inc. Member Since 1981

STA Laboratories, Inc. Member Since 1994

BASF Corp.

Member Since 1978

Landis International, Inc. Member Since 1985

Syngenta Crop Protection Member Since 1964

Bayer CropScience Member Since 1978

Meiji Techno America Member Since 2008

Syngenta Seeds Member Since 1995

BIOREBA AG Member Since 1997

Monsanto Co. Member Since 1982

United Phosphorus, Inc. Member Since 1977

Busch Agricultural Resources, Inc. Member Since 1990

National Alliance of Independent Crop Consultants Member Since 2003

Valent BioSciences Corp.

Member Since 1988

Cereal Research Non Profit Co. Inst.

Member Since 1992

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Percival Scientific, Inc. Member Since 2004

Valent USA Corp.

Member Since 1992