SS Advancing Science Tourism Issue 15

SCIENCESTARS Issue 15 | July/August 2017

ADVANCING SCIENCE TOURISM

The seven-dish MeerKAT precursor array, KAT-7, is the world’s first radio telescope array consisting of composite antenna structures.

KAT-7 was primarily built as a precursor to the 64-dish MeerKAT radio telescope array and to demonstrate South Africa’s ability to host the SKA. However, it has proved to be a pioneering scientific instrument in its own right.

KAT-7 is considered a compact radio telescope, since its antennas all lie within an area only 200m across, as opposed to the much larger areas that will be occupied

by MeerKAT and the SKA. The KAT-7 configuration is perfect for observing nearby galaxies, which emit radio waves on a large scale.

How it works Each of its antennas consists of a movable dish mounted on top of a supporting pedestal, which houses cables and some components.

The dishes measure 12 metres in diameter and, in a world first, are made entirely out of fibre glass.

The curved surface of the dish reflects incoming radio waves from space to the receiver, held above the centre of the dish by metal rods. The dish focuses the radio signals into the feedhorn of the receiver in the centre of the dish.

These radio receivers, which pick up signals in the frequency range of 1200–1950 MHz, are cooled to about 70 degree Kelvin (-203°C) in order to reduce the “noise” inherent in all radio receivers. At this temperature, the receiver is 2.5 times more sensitive than at ambient temperatures, allowing images to be captured roughly six times faster. This in turn allows for the detection of much fainter celestial objects.

Once captured by the receiver, the radio signals, which are still in analogue form, travel via fibre optical cables from the antennas to the Karoo Array Processor Building (KAPB), where they are digitised and correlated.

Some jobs related to radio astronomy: • Astronomers and astrophysics • Engineers • Technicians

CONTENTS CONTENTS

FEATURES

1 1 2 2 2 3 3

5

Two Oceans Aquarium

7

What is National Science Week?

4

SAN Parks

6

Medical Tourism

8

Sustainable Tourism

0

SCHOOL TRIP ANXIETY

1

Astronomy in South Africa

REGULARS

5 6 2 3 3 3 3 3

Foreword

Editor’s note

7

Events

2

Bursaries

3

Quiz

4

Puzzles

5

Puzzle answers

6

DID YOU KNOW?

FOREWORD

the

FOREWORD A life without science and maths – literally unimaginable San needed to know how much poison to apply to the head of an arrow before shooting an antelope of a particular size to make sure it went down quickly – in other words, they had to know their chemistry.

Mathematics is a system to navigate through life – from working out your grocery budget to planning for the next drought.

If you take it far enough, maths opens up opportunities to many useful and lucrative careers, like civil engineering, marine biology, optical astronomy, chartered accountancy, teaching, statistics and mining geo-technology. The opportunities are endless.

The social sciences are also fascinating, and play a significant role in helping us take human and community factors into account in our efforts to make the world a better place.

Learning maths and science are like learning a new and important language. Their concepts are not foreign to our daily affairs – we simply take the science around us for granted. Whether you get a printed version of this magazine or read it on your mobile phone, there was science involved in producing it.

Getting young South Africans involved in careers in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and innovation is a government priority. This is why the Department of Science and Technology hosts National Science Week every year, showing the fun of science through exhibitions, plays and demonstrations. This year, under the theme “Advancing science tourism”, National Science Week will give you an opportunity to visit a planetarium, join in an interactive experiment, or learn more about physics or evolution With maths and science so much a part of everyday life, learning

at a science centre near you.

about them is a must.

We challenge you, as a young South African, to use what you know Part of science is measurement. You need to know how much food

and can learn about maths and science to create the next success-

to eat to sustain yourself for the day (energy), how far it is from one

ful gadget, or cure a disease, or help save our environment. It’s all

point to another (distance) and what kind of transport will get you

up to you and science!

there fastest (speed).

Science is not foreign to South Africa. In the past, for example, the

Dr Phi Mjwara Director General of the Department of Science and Technology

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

5

ED’S NOTE

team Science Stars

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR

Editor • Nadine Sims

The Science of Tourism

Advancing Science Tourism is the theme of this issue and the first time I heard about it was during the editorial meeting. I initially had difficulty understanding what science tourism is, but I soon took a keen interest in finding out more. I was taken by surprise to find out that South Africa is a notable science tourism hotspot.

As I delved into it and started doing my research on the topic, I started realising what an important role it plays in the general tourism industry.

When I think science tourism now, I think about all the amazing school excursions I went on and enjoyed.

That is actually what is at the heart of science tourism.

If you are anything like me and you do not know what science tourism actually is, you will be happy to know that we touch on that in the cover story.

Graphic designers • Cinzia-Joey Swartz • Stacey Okkers Contributing writers • Moeketsi Tigeli • Nicole Ludolph

Chairman • Madambi Rambuda Ambassador • Prof. Azwindinni Muronga Sales & Marketing Rep • Ntombizanele Thangayi Subscriptions • info@sciencestars.co.za Copyright 2017 Roswika Media. All Rights Reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or any means, electronically or mechanically, without prior permission.

Science Stars is published by Roswika Media.

The theme of this edition lines up with the theme of this year’s National Science Week, which will commence on the 5th of August and run until the 12th. Inside this issue we have a look what fun and exciting activities each province has to offer.

National Science Week is an important part of the science calendar year.

Its aim is to make science, maths and technology more attractive and fun to the youth. It also shows off the great science innovations, developments and mini scientists that we have in South Africa.

This issue will be looking at South Africa’s many interesting science tourism destinations and activities on offer and we look at the potential this blossoming industry has. We also have handy travel tips, we delve into sustainable tourism and we visit the aquarium, all in this issue.

I hope you enjoy our latest issue as much as I did!

Nadine Sims Ediitor

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10th Floor, The Pinnacle 2 Burg Street Cape Town, 8000 021 839 2507 info@sciencestars.com www.sciencestars.co.za

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

Leading Innovation Through Education BMS Education commenced filming of different science experiment videos, ranging from grades 8 to 12. The goal of this project is to cover topics from Life Science to Physical Science, showing teachers and students how to practically conduct the experiments, in easy to understand step-by-step videos.

Physical Science and Life Science are subjects that require a practical element and the plan with the production of these videos are to make the demonstrations available to schools across the country. Schools are not always able to afford the apparatus and chemicals involved to conduct these experiments, especially needy schools in rural and low income communities.

High school teacher, Lawrence Duplooy said, “In the country, students are dropping out of science in alarming numbers. Some of the problems are that the schools don’t have the equipment. The idea of the project is to keep it as simple as possible, even if we go back to the basics, solidifying the theory. BMS Education has the know how and the equipment. If it could be shown in the class room it will directly influence the pass rate and the videos come across in a very friendly manner and it is not just a disjointed voice.”

Included in the practical demonstrations, as prescribed in the CAPS document, are apparatus needed to perform the experiments and how to use the equipment. Also included are formula’s, their reactions and graphs. Most importantly the video will include safety precaution needed to be adhered to for every experiment and how to store and prolong the use of all the equipment used.

Amongst the obstacles faced by BMS Education are costs involved with distributing, production and remuneration of experts and apparatus being utilised. The overall goal of the project is not to sell the experiments to schools, but to bundle these various videos with equipment purchased.

This being said, BMS Education would like to collaborate with companies and other like-minded individuals to help make these experiments and equipment available to disadvantaged schools across the country, thereby partnering with those that share a common interest in promoting science through innovation.

CSI Partner with us, your enterprise receives 135% of your spend with us as we are level 1 company.

Your RCoGP increases to 13 points.

For more information, please contact BMS Education: 021-696 6279

COVER STORY

By Nadine Sims & Moeketsi Tigeli

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Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

COVER STORY

ADVANCING SCIENCE IN TOURISM Innovation, Sustainability and Community Outreach

By Nadine Sims & Moeketsi Tigeli

I

n the olden days, Science Tourism was

involved. The same way someone traveling

meant for scientists and scholars in

to a destination wanting to experience the

their attempts to generate ideas for

food and the culture, science tourism is no

their scientific research or to publish their

different.

discoveries in popular magazines, journals or books.

This initiative is a vehicle to be used for bridging science and tourism and making

This has since changed over the years

it accessible to the ordinary public. The

as interest and access to biodiversity

significance of scientific discoveries to the

increased and in the process broadening

government’s efforts of the creation of

this traditional definition, with the intro-

more jobs and sustainable livelihoods is

duction of the general public as a tourist.

important in the sense that Science offers

Not necessarily to contribute scientifically,

innovative ways of approaching issues of

but to engage in science attractions and

concern.

be informed by the scientific experiences.

Science has proven to play a major role in In August of 2017 the annual National

rural development.

Science Week will take place. Each year the activities and programming for the week

By channeling scientific methods of

commences under a theme. This year’s

research into initiatives that will benefit

theme is Advancing Science Tourism. This

communities in and around our tourist

is in line with UNESCO’s International Year

destinations by means of:

of Sustainable Tourism for Development.

• Better, functional Infrastructure; Science tourism is the travel or exploration

• Increasing food production;

of a scientific attraction. It is also known

• Better healthcare and education;

as knowledge-oriented tourism and it cov-

• Effective and efficient methods of con-

ers many different travel activities and

servation;

destinations under its umbrella. It includes

• Inspiring public engagement through

museums, research facilities and laborato-

ethical experiments.

ries, observatories and science centres, to name a few.

South Africa is by far a Science Tourism hub. We boast eight World Heritage Sites

Science Tourism may not sound like fun

and other important tourist attractions,

but the idea is to for it to be an exciting,

right on our doorstep. They include the

eye-opening and fruitful experience for all

Vredefort Dome, the largest verified crater

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

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COVER STORY

impact site on Earth. We have the Cradle

for scientific and service excellence at all

the idea of Science Tourism. By adopt-

of Humankind, which is home to 40% of

times” in their list of corporate values.

ing the United Nationals Convention to

the world’s human ancestoral fossils. We

Combat Desertification (UNCCD)’s 10-Year

have the Big 5 and as well as a selection

Essentially, SANParks’ NSW initiative this

Strategy after our arid and frontier regions

of beautiful Nature and Game Reserves.

year seeks to promote the advancement

(which includes Kgalagadi, Namaqua,

We also have the South African Large

of Science Tourism for the benefit of com-

Mokala, Richtersveld Park) were identified

Telescope (SALT), which is the largest tele-

munities and getting them involved in the

to potentially be challenged by climate

scope this side of the equator and the list

amazing opportunities that science has to

change, desertification and loss of biodi-

goes on and on.

offer within the biodiversity spectrum.

versity.

With a country with such a wealth of sci-

The theme of “Advancing Science Tourism”

A few things that community members and

ence related activities and destinations,

is urgent in the current modern world due

citizens can be involved in to show sup-

the opportunities are endless. Tapping

to the critical state of our social, political

port for the theme is to visit our national

into what we have to offer as well as what

and environmental properties and institu-

parks (for free!) during National Science

we can benefit from science, is key to the

tions. The need for participation of our

Week, taking place between 5 – 12 August.

growth of the already booming tourism

communities, especially the youth for a

industry here. This will then subsequently

fresh and broader approach is as urgent

Attending the different platforms offered

lead to job creation and employment,

as the concerns faced by our parks and the

in commemoration of the theme such as

which we know is at an all-time low right

tourism industry.

the Cape Town Science Center where they

now.

can expect to interact via exhibits, shows, The 5 Year Strategic Plan of SANParks

hands-on workshops will expose the youth

When looked at on a global scale, science

aims to channel its influence and posi-

to fun ways of engaging in Science and

tourism can assist with many issues and

tion itself as an agency of development

Tourism in a safe and exciting environ-

has the potential to possibly bring about

in rural communities and has adopted

ment.

a significant transformation in many different fields. There is strength in numbers and knowledge sharing and bringing a different view on a concept may considerably help someone in their research.

There’s a need today, to advance beyond just conservation. The threats faced by our natural heritage have expanded to natural phenomenon’s themselves. What better way to approach these looming negatives than scientific research and exploration outside of the norm. The purpose is to help protect our natural heritage and enhance our natural resources as well as environmental assets to benefit us as well as generations to come.

South African National Parks, an organisation for conserving biodiversity in South Africa and featured in this edition, has highlighted the importance of “striving

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Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

SIGHTSEEING

SCIENCE SIGHTSEEING

South Africa boasts many interesting and cool destina-

IN SOUTH AFRICA

World Heritage Sites right here in SA? Have a look at the

tions and activities. Did you know that we have eight exciting places we have right on our doorstep.

Cradle of Humankind

Sudwala Caves

Located 50km outside Johannesburg,

These caves, near Nelspruit, are the

where you can learn about early forms

oldest in the world, approximately

of life on Earth. It houses the largest

240 million years old. If you are

exhibition of hominin fossils and mate-

claustrophobic, you might want to

rials, in the world.

sit this one out.

The Big Hole

Table Mountain National Park

Many rushed to Kimberly to mine for

The Table Mountain National Park spans from

diamonds and this resulted in what

Cape Point right across to Signal Hill. Guided

is now the world’s largest man dug

tours are available at Kirstenbosch Botanical

a hole. Adjacent to the Big Hole you

Gardens, where you can learn all about the

can also visit the mining museum.

indigenous fauna and flora of the region.

Kruger National Park One of the most popular game parks in the world, this is where you can see the Big Five.

An educational school programme is offered during school holidays. Enquiries can be made on the SAN Parks website.

This town is the southernmost tip of

Southern African Large Telescope (SALT)

Africa. It is also the location where the

This telescope is the largest in the

Indian and Atlantic oceans meet. For

Southern Hemisphere. Situated in

those not afraid of heights, you can ven-

Sutherland, in the Northern Cape, it is a

ture up the Lighthouse to get a better

must see, especially if you enjoy star gaz-

view.

ing or are interested in astronomy.

Cape Agulhas

Vredefort Dome

Rhino Museum

Located in the Free State, this is the

Rhinoceros are on the brink of extinc-

site of the largest meteorite to ever

tion and the museum sheds light on

hit Earth. The crater is the oldest

conservation efforts, the history of rhi-

impact site on Earth and has been

nos and the illegal trading of ivory. It is

declared a World Heritage Site.

located in Waterberg, Limpopo.

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IDENTITY IS IN THE

EYE OF THE BEHOLDER “Dare to be different, but at the same time, stay true to yourself.” GUGULETHU MABUZA-HOCQUET These are very appropriate words indeed from the woman who has committed her research to identity protection.

The way Gugu sees it, your identity is all you really have – and the answer to protecting it, lies in iris biometrics.

She is exploring the unique iris properties of the South African population that may just hold the key to a uniquely South African security encryption system.

“Your iris does not only hold information such as your age, gender and race, it also says you are part of a demographic mix that is not found elsewhere in the world. Now imagine a future where those unique features in your eyes will protect the most valuble thing you have – your identity.”

Gugu describes the way she ended up in science as a “beautiful accident”. It’s certainly one to be thankful for.

BRIGHT YOUNG SCIENTISTS BEHIND IDEAS THAT WORK. www.csirideasthatwork.co.za

PROFILE

TALITHA’S TURTLES Ocean Conservation and Turtle Rehabilitation By: Nadine Sims

I

arranged to meet with Talitha Noble,

She laughs and jokingly says that she

beaches along the Western Cape Coast and

the Conservation Co-ordinator, at the

watched the movie Flipper when she was

they will be called out to fetch them or

Two Oceans Aquarium. When I arrived,

younger and immediately knew that she

people will bring them into the aquarium.

wanted to work with marine life.

They come in with injuries and because of

I found out that she had to rush off to Robben Island because a metre long turtle had been spotted.

their weak immune system they are prone “I have always loved the ocean and I have

to infection.

always been passionate about it and I Unfortunately they did not find the turtle

think I have always felt a strong desire and

Noble and the team administer medi-

and I met with her the following day. She

need to contribute to protecting it.”

cal treatment, antibiotics, and a lot of

explained that the turtles should not be

TLC. Once the hatchlings have grown and

this side of the coast because the waters

Her main role and focus at the aquarium

increased in size by at least 5 or 6 times,

are too cold for them.

is the rehabilitation of turtles. Aside from

they are ready for release back into the

that she also advocates and feels strongly

ocean.

The 26 year old, UCT graduate works at the

about marine and ocean conservation.

aquarium and this year will be her 10th

The aquarium also cares for larger turtles

year with them. Her passion for all things

“I have not only wanted to be involved

and they are usually longer term patients.

marine started a very young age and she

in the ocean and marine biology, but

The bigger turtles are Green turtles, which

joined the young biologist programme, run

also marine conservation, because that is

are different from the hatchlings. The

by the aquarium, when she was in grade

essential for our oceans at the moment.”

smaller hatchlings that come in are usually

10.

The smaller hatchling turtles wash up on

Loggerhead turtles and the Green turtles

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PROFILE

(unlike the Loggerheads) are vegetarians.

“Definitely in terms of finding work, it is

Jelly-fish, which is one of their main food

For this very reason, Noble decided to

the best way to stand out from everyone

sources, looks a lot like a plastic bag when

build a vegetable garden for them, so that

else - finding a niche.”

it’s floating. She explains that there have

fresh vegetables were readily available.

In terms of conservation and practical

been little turtles that have excreted little

Noble explains that with the larger turtles,

ways to be sustainable, Noble explains

bits of plastic and there was an instance

you want to keep their minds busy, enrich

that the aquarium hosts and run a few

where a turtle excreted a balloon with the

them as much as possible, which in turn

campaigns that you can check out on the

string still attached.

also helps to keep them out of mischief.

website.

She tries to do this in interesting and exciting ways.

Recycling is important says Noble, Specifically for turtle conservation efforts

“Practically minimising the amount of

there are a few campaigns that she men-

plastic we use and also being responsible

“We make vegetable pizza’s, we make

tions. ‘Rethink the Bag’ and ‘Straws Suck’

when we do use plastic is important. With

stuffed peppers, we make vegetable

are the ones she promotes. This is because

plastic bags, we don’t really need to use

kebabs, just lots of fun ways of keeping

turtles are surface eaters, so they are prone

those. They take hundreds of years to

their minds stimulated,” she explains.

to plastic pollution.

decompose and there are reusable bags.”

Noble completed her studies in Marine Biology and Applied Biology and says that it was not always easy because you are not studying a profession.

Her advice to students is to look at what your other passions are and try to incorporate that in what you are doing.

A lot of people that are big in marine biology are people who are passionate about photography or film, she tells me. They have incorporated their love and their talent, with conservation messages, for example.

For more information and details about how to volunteer, information about the different campaigns or just general information about how to book, go to: www.aquarium.co.za

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Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

AQUARIUM

By: Nadine Sims

Behind the Tank

T

he Southernmost tip of Africa, Cape Agulhas, is where you can see the Indian and Atlantic oceans meet

and it also where Two Oceans Aquarium gets its name from.

Located in Cape Town, the aquarium is one of two in South Africa. The aquarium is not only a tourist attraction but also a rehabilitation facility for injured, sick or stranded

Have a look at their website to find out

marine life.

more about the conservation efforts and exciting campaigns run by the aquarium.

Amongst the attractions, is the newly

The most recent one was ‘Rethink the Bag’

opened predator exhibit, where you are

and it promotes the use of reusable bags,

able to have a close encounter with nine

as opposed to single use plastic bags.

sharks. The reopening of this exhibit

Plastic pollution in our oceans is at an all-

comes after two sharks were released off-

time high and a collective response to this

shore near Mossel Bay last year and reno-

is needed.

vations on the tank commenced.

When I asked Talitha Noble, Conservation Last year also saw the opening of the

Co-ordinator, what the coolest part

jelly-fish gallery. Visitors walk into a dark

about working at the aquarium was, she

room full of mirrors (be careful not to walk

explained that when people come to the

into a mirror) and all you see are the jel-

aquarium their mind sets change by the

lies dancing around and glowing brightly.

experience of being able to experience a

Pictures or even trying to explain will not

place that is so interesting and cool.

do this exhibit justice – in this case, seeing

You can see the jelly fish and you can see

is definitely believing.

the turtles and you see their story and in response you will want to change the way

The aquarium offers a volunteer pro-

you live. “It really is a place that inspires,”

gramme which you can apply for online.

Noble said.

After the training programme the volunteers work in the aquarium educating visi-

The aquarium is open 365 days a year and

tors about the different plants and animals

if you purchase your tickets online you

life on show.

receive a 10% discount.

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

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NSW

National Science Week 2017 What to expect from National Science Week in your province Written by : Nicole Ludolph

N

ational Science Week (NSW), an initiative led by the

the learners, students and educators to science-based careers

Department Science and Technology, is an annual cel-

and opportunities. There will be many fun-filled, interactive

ebration of science, technology and mathematic.It takes

activities taking place and everyone is encouraged to partici-

place in all 9 provinces simultaneously, with multiple venues

pate and get involved. The official launch of NSW 2017 will

in each province.This year NSW will run from 5 August to 11

take place on 05 August 2017 at the Missionvale campus at

August, with the theme “Advancing Science Tourism�.

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. There is a big misconception that maths and science are not fun and NSW is around

NSW is managed by the South African Agency for Science and

to debunk that myth and you will not want to miss it. Have a

Technology Advancement (SAASTA) and is intended to expose

look below and see what is happening in your province:

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

17

NSW

Gauteng

Kotane. The exhibition will showcase innovations in

I-SET, a acommunity engagement project by UNISA,

and around the district, and will offer career

will be hosting activities involving robotics from

guidance by various institutions. In the Golden Walk

8 August to 12 August. These activities are mainly

Mall in Germiston, Maths our World will be hosting

aimed at learners from community schools, although

a Family Maths activity. The purpose of the activity

two slots have been opened to the public on 12

is to help parents become more involved in their

August.

children’s maths education.

Eastern Cape

Mpumalanga

The South African Institute of Physics will be

The Mondi Science, Career Guidance & FET Skills

holding a rocket building competition on 4and 5

Centre will be hosting a number of activities in the

August. The competition will take place at Nelson

Thandukukhanya Community Hall. The activities

Mandela Metropolitan University, and will end with

take place from 07 August to 11 August and include

a prize giving.Additionally, learners from schools

a mobile zoo show, training on welding, sewing

in the metro and nearby rural areas will be invited

& designing, the use of Indigenous Knowledge

to attend a rocket design and launch activity on

Systems in science to cure ailments and basic

9 August. The learners will be introduced to basic

training on carpentry.

theory of rocket design and will be allowed to build Limpopo

a rocket.

The South African Institute of Physics will be Free State

having astronomy, optics, and solar power

A parachute exhibition will be held at the

harvesting exhibits on display in Ha-Mulima

Tempe army base in the Mangaung Metropolitan

Makhado Municipality on 11 August. They will be

Municipality. The exhibition takes place on 7 and 8

donating experiments and training teachers on how

August and is open to the general public. Van Lill &

to use them. They will also have star gazing

Jovner Consulting will be hosting an activity called

activities at night.

“Speed Dating for the Brain”. They describe the activity as “6 booths with 6 fun activities to explore

Kwazulu Natal

the theme of Science in Tourism”. It will be held

Learners in the uMgungundlovu District will be

from 4 to 13 August at various malls in the Free

exposed a Palaeontology exhibition on 9 August.

State.

The exhibition will showcase pre-historic findings in South Africa and learners will take part

Northern Cape

in activities such as the “fossil puzzler” and the

The Maths and Science Leadership Academy will

“Tour beneath the surface of the Earth”.

be holding a Science Tourism exhibition in the Diamond Pavilion mall in Francis Baard. The

Western Cape

exhibition takes place on 12 August and will

The Cape Town Science Centre will be hosting a

include the Bloodhound Project, which was created

Space Science workshop on 6, 9 and 12 August. The

to inspire the interest of future generations in

workshop centres on how satellites help scientists

science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

learn things about the Earth and other planets. It is

The project is centred on the Bloodhound SSC, a

open to the general public, and participants will be

supersonic car designed to drive faster than 6000

able to build a satellite of their own.

km/h.

North West Orange Galaxy will be hosting an exhibition from 07 to 11 August at Kwena Tlase High School in Moses

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Updates on NSW are available on the National Science Week SA Facebook page.For more information and a full programme detailing all of the activities can be found on the SAASTA website: www.saasta.ac.za

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

DESTINATION

THE VALLEY OF DESOLATION A breath-taking display of geology

By Nicole Ludolph

of the valley is. In Camdeboo Park, there are over 220 recorded species of birdlife, 336 plants and 43 mammals.

The Valley has also been of interest to paragliding enthusiasts, who take off close by and fly amongst the rampant birdlife.

Graaff-Reinet locals recommend viewing the scenery late in the afternoon.

To enjoy access to the valley, visitors would need to pay an entry fee to the Camdeboo National Park. South African citizens pay

S

R35 per day, and children pay half price.

ituated in the Camdeboo National

and fauna. From the top of the valley, visi-

Park about 14 meters from the Karoo

tors can view the unending Karoo land-

town of Graaff-Reinet, the Valley

Foreign visitors pay R100 per day.

scape as well as the mountains nestling

The town of Graaff-Reinet also hosts

of Desolation sees an estimated 100 000

the Camdeboo National Park. Visitors inter-

attractions like the Paleontology Route and

tourists per year. The valley is also known

ested in flora and fauna will be especially

Eco-Tourism Route. More information can

as the “Cathedral of the Mountains” and

pleased by how diverse the fauna and flora

be found on the Graaff-Reinet website.

was declared a Scenic National Monument in 1935. Its vertical cliffs and columns are made up of dolerite, or volcanic rock, which have formed jointed pillars and rise up to 120 meters above the valley floor.

Visitors to the valley can participate in game viewing, where they may see the endangered Cape Mountain Zebra, Kudu and Buffalo. Visitors can also go birding, as the valley may yield sights of the Black Eagle and the Kori Bustard. The Kori Bustard is the world’s heaviest flying bird.

Other activities in the valley include hiking and watersports. There are also 4x4 trails.

The valley is particularly popular amongst photographers and people who study flora

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

19

Egagasini Node for Marine-Offshore Systems is an observa0on site of SAEON that is hosted by the new Oceans and Coasts branch of the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), and also works closely with the Fisheries Branch of Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF). The node works with a wide range of partners to combine data, resources and knowledge of the oceans surrounding South Africa, their ecosystems and biodiversity to comprehend and fully appreciate their role in climate change as well as the impact of climate change on the oceans’ resources.

Juliet Hermes

Grant van der Heever

Lara Atkinson

Charles von der Meden

Tammy Morris

Nicole Du Plessis

Thomas Mtontsi

Charine Collins

Jennifer Veitch

Shari Solomons

SAEON EGAGASINI TEAM

A greater understanding of our oceans, their ecosystems and the biodiversity therein will improve our ability to manage our resources effec>vely and sustainably.

To contribute towards this, the SAEON Egagasini Node for Marine Offshore Systems aims to con0nue filling the gaps currently exis0ng in long-term ocean monitoring programmes in and around South Africa, as well as assis0ng with efforts to maintain exis0ng programmes and ini0a0ves. In addi0on, Egagasini con0nues to collate, digi0se, archive and, most importantly, disseminate data.

The node is also engaging with young learners, suppor0ng and encouraging marine science postgraduates and capacity building, as well as working closely with school teachers, suppor0ng and encouraging them in their efforts to incorporate marine science and long-term monitoring into the curricula.

SAEON Egagasini Research plaSorms include: • ASCA - Agulhas System Climate Array • Marine Offshore Benthic Biodiversity (BTE, DAFF Demersal surveys - trawl invertebrate monitoring) • False Bay (Monitoring and Modelling Consor0um) and Prince Edward Islands • SAMREF (South African Marine Research and Explora0on Forum) • IORA-SA (Indian Ocean Rim Associa0on)

Marine Biologist Oceanographer Ocean & Climate Modeller Marine Educa>on Marine Technician

South African Environmental Observa>on Network

www.saeon.ac.za

Node Manager: Juliet Hermes Tel (w): 0214023118 Email: juliet@saeon.ac.za

Office Co-ordinator: Shari Solomons shari@saeon.ac.za

ASCA – Unravelling The Agulhas Current www.asca.dirisa.org Co-ordinator: Tammy Morris Email: tammy@saeon.ac.za

Science Engagement / Educa>on Outreach Science Engagement Officer: Thomas Mtontsi Email: thomas@saeon.ac.za Tel: 0214023201

Biodiversity Projects/SAEON Species Database Co-ordinator: Dr. Lara Atkinson Email: lara@saeon.ac.za

Egagasini Node Address: 5th Floor, Foretrust Building Mar0n Hammerschlag Way, Foreshore, Cape Town Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, 8012

HERITAGE SITE

CRADLE OF HUMANKIND A Treasure Trove for Humanity

J

By: Moeketsi Tigeli

ohannesburg is often referred to

the ‘Australopithecus Africanus’ an adult

between limestone from reefs. The lime-

as ‘eGoli’ or ‘City of Gold’, after the

female known as ‘Mrs Ples’ is estimated to

stone then gradually, after it was dissolved

first recorded discovery of gold at

be 2.15 million years old.

by acidic seawater, formed dolomite caves

Witwatersrand. Yet the real treasure lays

over millions of years and ensured the

50 kilometres North West of the city, at the

An excavation mission that began in 1966

Sterkfontein caves, famously known as the

and still continues today, has yielded,

Cradle of Humankind.

thanks to the favourable dolomite and

The Cradle of Humankind offers a window

preservation of the fossil remains.

dolomitic conditions, over 500 more fossil

into our past, by looking at the first traces

This is where the most important ele-

remains that have been discovered in as

of human existence and the tangible evi-

ments of human evolution are buried, it is

many as seven of the 12 cave sites. This

dence to support the theory of evolution.

said to be the first trace of human exis-

means Sterkfontein site has the largest

It also boasts 47 000 hectares of land with

tence.

concentration of hominid fossil remains

rich scientific value, offering a range of

in the world – making it a science tourism

tourist attractions and scientific explora-

hotspot.

tion opportunities.

Its importance was solidified by historical

This is a destination tailor made for the

The Cradle, with a small extension of its

discoveries such as ancient animal forms,

science and tourism relationship. The

land overlapping from Gauteng into the

plants and hominin fossils. Findings like

site came to be because of the reaction

North West Province, is a formidable tourist

The Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site got its name from UNESCO in 1999.

22

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

HERITAGE SITE

hub with a host of attractions as well as

on earth. All of this happens via a journey

Heritage Site, visit their website on

an array of activities.

through a 150m ‘virtual cave’.

www.thecradleofhumankind.net or as a learner, take the initiative and propose a

The new Maropeng visitor’s centre, allows

Due to tourists flocking there in astound-

trip to your teachers. This is an opportu-

tourists to experience a 2500 metre square

ing numbers, the Cradle of Humankind,

nity to be informed about the origins of

underground boat ride with exhibits about

more specifically the caves themselves,

humanity by a one of a kind interactive

the origins of mankind, exhibits where you

have undergone many structural and infra-

experience and relive the first years of

can view million year old stone tools, fos-

structure changes. To ensure the safety of

human existence on earth by an almost

sils and much much more, including:

their visitors, the caves have since been

real-life virtual simulation.

reconstructed with mining like structures, • Game drive at the Heia Safari Game

instead of their pristine caves look. They

Reserve

have also expanded due to the extensive

• Hot-Air Ballooning in The Cradle

research being done, which we now know

• Abseiling into the wonder caves

led to the recent discovery of Homo Naledi.

• Visit the Lion and Rhino Nature Reserve • Hot-Air Ballooning in the Magaliesberg

A haven for the curious at heart and a

• Wow at the Wonder Cave

treasure chest for humanity and explorers, the Cradle is open to everyone from school

This exciting underground boat ride is a

kids, to academics, to regular citizens, as

‘virtual time machine’ taking you back 3

well as researchers.

Billion years through visuals, interactions and stunning exhibits of the elements

To find out more about how and when you

that led to the beginning of human life

can visit the Cradle of Humankind World

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

23

SAN PARKS

SAN Parks

Conserving South Africa’s wildlife heritage Written by : Moeketsi Tigeli

T

he South African National Parks is an organisation that promotes the conservation of natural and cultural heritage.

Established in 1926 and reformed under the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act of 2003, SANParks is a pillar of South African tourism and ecotourism. They are responsible for managing a network of 22 national parks and also promote conservation at local, national and international level.

Support from government’s Department of National health and tourism has led to the transformation of SANParks. Its work has expanded from not only conservation and building national interest in our parks, but also reaching international standards of research. The organisation has also managed to maintain its own operational expenses by generating an impressive 80% of its own revenue.

With government support and SANParks’ growth, it has led

In efforts to integrate disadvantaged communities and

to more community engagement, access to parks for all and

people, in 2006 SANParks unveiled the National Parks Week

promotion of tourism that benefits the environment, local

initiative that ensures free access to some of the 22 parks

communities and their cultures. This is by means of job

to communities that cannot normally afford to visit our

creation, procurement of small business enterprises, and

national parks.

training opportunities through its work.

The initiative has based its main focus on local Among its many achievements, one that stands out from

communities. The organisation has used this platform to

the organisation is the 2022 Responsible Tourism Strategy,

promote responsible tourism and its positive impacts on

which was integrated into government policy as a National

the environment, wildlife and cultures; as well as

Strategy, making South Africa a pioneer in sustainable

maximising local economic development in an ethical

tourism.

manner.

Managing executive of development and marketing at

The end goal is for South Africa to be a world class

SANParks, Glenn Phillips says the adoption of the 2022

destination and be in the top 20 tourism countries in

Responsible Tourism Strategy, “Seeks to connect with a

the world.

broader South African population in efforts to grow the number of citizens who will not only support, but protect natural heritage.”

24

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

A journey of hard work and perseverance: How a CSIR researcher is impacting lives through science

C

an you imagine being unable to drink a glass of water because the water is too dirty to be considered safe?

Or having no access to water simply because there is no water infrastructure? Unfortunately, this is a sad reality for millions of South Africans, especially those living in rural communities, but people like Dr Phumelele Kleyi are working hard to find ways to help these very communities have access to clean water by using modified nanomaterials to develop water purification technologies.

Nanotechnology is the science of building all kinds of fantastic materials, everything from brand new medicines to ultra-fast computer chips.

Kleyi is a research chemist and works for the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). For most chemists, chemistry is not only about exploring and developing new material products, but it is about improving the quality of life for all people, making a positive contribution to society and transforming life-changing ideas into society-orientated and impact-focused solutions.

Kleyi is part of a CSIR water research group that develops nanomaterials for the removal of contaminants from water. These contaminants include organic substances such as dyes, inorganics such as ions and harmful microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses.

“We want people to have a device that helps them to purify their own water, so that they don’t drink water that makes them sick. Such a device could be connected to a tap, or be a portable pot that filters water through modified nanomaterials. We use nanoclays, a very fine type of soil and often a by-product of mining, which are modified to remove contaminants and to add disinfection properties,” says Kleyi.

Some of Kleyi’s research results have been published in a peerreviewed journal, while an application for invention disclosure for another nanomaterial has been submitted.

“We are currently negotiating to partner with a key water treatment industry player, hoping to eventually commercialise this product.”

Kleyi joined the organisation in 2014 and research centres on the development of nanostructured materials for water disinfection. Even though Kleyi has found himself working for such a great organisation, his journey to this point has not always been easy.

After finishing matric in 1994, Kleyi enrolled at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (University of Port Elizabeth at the time) to study a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree.

“I passed mathematics and physics, but failed the other pharmacyrelated subjects. I did not have money to return the following year

and spent a year at home. It was painful, to realise your peers are progressing, but you are not.”

In 1997 Kleyi enrolled for a BSc, but after his second year, he once again ran into financial difficulty and suspended his studies for four years.

“The irony is that I qualified for funding from the university, but due to outstanding debt, I was not allowed to register for the following academic year.”

“To get where I am today, was not plain sailing,” says Kleyi, who has a PhD in chemistry. “I want to encourage students studying chemistry who face financial and academic challenges, to not give up finding their niche.”

Kleyi worked several jobs, including a stint on an assembly line at Volkswagen to save money, but then qualified for funding from the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS).

“This time, I pushed through and completed my BSc, BSc Hons, MSc and PhD with no further interruptions. When I ran into financial difficulty, the first time, I should have asked for help to find funding opportunities within the institution. Because I was young and the first from my family to go to university, I had no one to give me that advice.

I only heard later, from my peers who had similar difficulties, about the NSFAS. My advice to young people in a similar situation would be not to wait, but to communicate with the university as soon as problems arise. Information is now a lot more readily available than back then – there are always options.”

If you want to become a research chemist like Kleyi, you must have a passion for scientific research and an academic background in chemistry. You should also be able to work independently, be a problem solver and be able to pay special attention to detail. Research chemists work in laboratories to develop new chemical compounds that are typically needed in medicine and other scientific innovations.

Don’t want to become a research chemist, but still love chemistry?

Try other careers like material scientist, chemical engineer, forensic scientist and process chemist. These degrees are offered at most South African universities.

To find out more information on the remarkable career opportunities at the CSIR, please visit our website www.csir.co.za

MEDICAL TOURISM

MEDICAL TOURISM Africa is tapping into the Medical Tourism industry

By Nicole Ludolph

I

n June 2017, uMthlathuze City in Kwazulu Natal hosted the

treatment, unavailable treatments or even illegal treatment.

first ever event by the newly established Pan-African Health

Globally, the most popular destinations for medical tourism are

Tourism congress. According to the congress, the global medi-

Thailand, India, Israel, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan,

cal tourism industry is valued at 20 billion US dollars per year.

Turkey and the United States.

The purpose of the event was to explore the best way Africa could maximise its potential within this billion dollar industry.

The Pan-African Health Tourism Congress marked South Africa, Tunisia, Egypt, Morocco and Mauritius as the medical tourism

A medical tourist is someone who travels to another country for

leaders on the African continent. They looked at developing

the specific purpose of obtaining medical treatment. According to

countries that have successfully tapped into the medical tourism

the World Health Organisation (WHO), the most common treat-

industry and created the “ht8”approach. Ht8 refers to health-

ments sought by medical tourists are dental care, cosmetic sur-

related services that fall under the following 8 segments or

gery, elective surgery, and fertility treatment.

groupings: • Medical Tourism

There are many factors that influence medical tourism, some of

• Dental Tourism

which are:

• Spa Tourism

• More advanced technology

• Wellness Tourism

• Better-quality care for medically necessary procedures

• Sports Tourism

• Quicker access for medically necessary procedures

• Culinary Tourism

• Lower-cost care for medical procedures

• Accessible Tourism • Assisted Residential Tourism

In the past, medical tourists were people from less developed countries who travelled elsewhere for access to better medical

The ht8 approach combines aspects of general tourism with med-

facilities or for access to treatment unavailable at home. This

ical care. The aim of this approach, and ultimately the Congress,

has changed in recent years however, and now people from

is to transform every African tourism destination into a successful

developed countries travel to developing countries for cheaper

health tourism destination.

26

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

EVENTS

EVENTS

August and September events to look forward to

Rural Education Festival – Mopani Science Festive

National Science Week The countrywide initiative by the Department of Science and Technology is to create awareness around science,

This year the festival will be taking place at Sekgosese

technology, mathematics and engineering. The launch

Secondary School in Limpopo. The main theme this year

event will take place Nelson Mandela Metropolitan

is Science Contributes to Economic Development and

University (NNMU). There are many activities that hap-

the sun-theme being Food and Water for Future, Science

pen in all the provinces throughout the week. This year’s

Feeding the World. Judging by the themes this year, this

theme is Advancing Science Tourism.

year’s festival should be really interesting.

Young ladies in Science Seminar

ScopeX Happening at the Military History Museum, in Saxonwold,

The seminar, taking place in Cape Town, invites young

the expo aims to promote astronomy, telescope making

ladies interested in the field of science to join them for

and photography of our skies. If you are a lover of the

their Women’s Day celebrations. The day will be filled

stars and star gazing, you should make a turn at this expo.

with female speakers, exciting experiments and fun activities. The theme this year is Science of Cosmetics.

The venue is the new Site C hall, in Khayelitsha.

Mpumalanga Science Festival The annual festival, started in 2009, will be taking place at the following venues, Mayflower Hall in Mpuluzi, Glenmore Hall in Mpuluzi and Elukwatini Hall in Elukwatini. Email Sibusiso Magagula ezozweni.trd@gmail.com for more information.

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

27

TOURISM TIPS

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM How-To Be a Responsible Tourist

By: Moeketsi Tigeli

A

s much impact as touring has on the tourists themselves, the same applies to the inhabitants of the destinations they visit. Whether this impact is negative or positive is dependent on a number of factors and can be broken down into simple daily choices.

The challenge is being aware of your surroundings, integrating yourself into populations and environments and caring for wildlife.

With this in mind we’ve found a way to break down four factors that can help you, to navigate better in unfamiliar territories and leave a positive footprint on the environment as well as the communities.

Environment and wildlife conservation

Culture and community

Nature is precious and wildlife is not to be taken

South Africa is diverse country with different

for granted. In the modern world, globalisation,

races and cultures spread across the country. It is

technology, and industrialisation etc have threatened

important to be sensitive and aware of specific cultures

the existence of wildlife.

in the communities you are visiting.

There’s a need to protect wildlife, conserve nature and care

Learning different greetings is an effective way to help

for the environment.

bridge that barrier and show respect and interest in the people and culture of the community you are visiting.

Do your bit to prevent killings and do not litter. Pollution is detrimental, and use of organic products is advised.

Showing courtesy to strangers is important for building relationships.

Economy and local business empowerment Destinations and local populations are not potential

Social factors

markets to be exploited for profit.

As with any third world country, South Africa suffers from many social ills.

According to SANParks, only 5 out of 22 parks under the organisation’s management make a profit.

Understanding them and their negative outcomes are important. Read up on places you are visiting and research

Instead of thinking of making a quick buck, rather invest in

the history of the inhabitants.

local businesses and support vendors by purchasing products or services.

Practice friendliness always. Crime and vandalism should have no place in our parks.

Being a sustainable tourist ensures that you contribute and give back to the communities in a positive manner and it demonstrates your appreciation.

28

To learn more about how to practice sustainable and responsible tourism, visit the SANParks website on www.sanparks.org

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

PROFILE

UNCHARTED TERRITORY Tania speaks Science vs Fiction

By: Moeketsi Tigeli

information. In grade 11, she entered a Science Expo competition in Limpopo.

“We wanted to find out how we can help our communities with the data we receive from the Argo float,” says Tania.

Despite not winning, Tania’s glass is always half full. “It was our first ever competition and our project was made out of cardboard. All these other learners from nice schools had these amazing projects! It was so cool to witness.” she exclaims. She says she decided then that she wanted to pursue science as a career.

At UCT she studied Oceanography followed by an Honours degree in the same field, and she is currently working towards her Master’s degree in EGS. “It hasn’t been easy, I’ve wanted to quit many times and go find work, but I love science and I am driven by wanting to do more,” she reflects.

A

UCT masters’ student in

Machel, in Cape Town and attended

Presently she’s working with fishermen

Environmental Geographical

Sophumelela Secondary. In grade 9, she

and fisheries; she hopes to bridge the gap

Science at 22, Tania Moyikwa’s jour-

met Thomas Mtontsi from the South

between scientific evidence and the fisher-

ney began with environmental conversa-

African Environmental Observations

men’s knowledge of the sea and climate.

tions she shared with her father.

Network. Thomas, a representative of

She wants to rid the notion that if it’s not

SAEON, says their initiative sought to mea-

scientifically proven it’s fictional.

She smiles as she recounts their father-

sure interest in Marine Sciences by select-

daughter debates, “My father would always

ing “Science clubs” in 5 schools situated

When asked what next she said she would

tell me superstitious stories about how

within disadvantaged areas.

like to adopt a school and help, encourage

storms and rains came about, and I’d

and empower students.

always tell him about the water cycle

The program began in 2009 and learners

which we were learning about in school.”

were taught how to monitor changes at

“If Science is not making a difference to

sea using technologies like the Argo float

ordinary communities, it’ll just remain on

- a device that is deployed at sea to gather

the shelves for other Scientists to read”.

Tania grew up in the township of Samora

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

29

SCHOOL TRIP

SCHOOL TRIP ANXIETY? Here are a few helpful tips

By: Moeketsi Tigeli

With the excitement that comes with a trip, it is easy to overlook the importance of packing the essentials and making the necessary preparations. To help you prepare for your trip we have a short list of essentials to make sure you do not forget anything.

Notebook and pen Not only does jotting down notes enhance your learning experience, it ensures you don’t forget what you did and saw. Notes might come in handy in case you get a random quiz from your

Suitable footwear Always bring a pair of takkies if you are going to be doing a lot of walking or adventurous activity. A pair of flip-flops/thong sandals is also a must for public showers or if you’ll be swimming.

teacher.

A camera In some instances phones won’t be allowed on trips due to protocol. To avoid losing your phone or getting into trouble bring a camera instead to capture special moments.

Check the weather the night before Pack clothing according to the weather, it helps with luggage space and you get to be comfortable on the trip. If it is going to rain don’t forget your umbrella and a pair of gum boots in case it’s muddy. If it’ll be sunny, sunscreen is important and don’t forget your hat.

Hygiene If it’ll be a long trip bring along toothpaste, a face cloth, soap and other toiletries. If it’s just one day, an overnight bag with extra clothing and toiletries should be fine. It could be helpful to ask your teacher what is available at your destination beforehand.

Cool stuff Depending on the environment you’re going to explore, some cool stuff that might come in handy is binoculars, to take in the views, a selfie stick and a cooler bag for your

Good manners and safety first

refreshments. Leave any gadgets that will distract you, at

Listen carefully to instructions; you are in an unfamiliar

home! Enjoy your surroundings and what it has to offer.

environment and your safety is important. Remember to be aware of how you approach people, be respectful and pay attention to your surroundings. School trips are meant to be memorable learning experiences, keep your eyes and ears open, be safe and have fun exploring!

30

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

ASTRONOMY

ASTRONOMY IN SOUTH AFRICA Considering a career in astronomy and wondering what they actually do?

S

outh Africa’s first permanent astronomical observatory was

Science and Mathematics in high school. The typical undergradu-

established in Cape Town in 1820. Back in the 1800s, ship

ate qualification for the practice of Astronomy is a Bachelor of

navigators used the positions of stars to plot their courses

Science (B.Sc.) degree in Physics, Mathematics or Engineering, or

across the sea. The observatory was established due to the need

a specific undergraduate Astronomy degree. Recommended sub-

to stop any more ships crashing into the South African coastline.

jects at university are Pure and Applied Mathematics, Computer Science, Statistics, Electronics and Chemistry.

Today, South Africa boasts a long history of excellence in astronomy. There are several observatories across the country, where

To be a professional astronomer, one must have a PhD degree.

astronomers and other scientists conduct their research.

Would-be astronomers in South Africa complete their postgraduate studies with the National Astrophysics & Space Science

What do astronomers do?

Programme (NASSP). The NASSP, in conjunction with various

Astronomers study the origins, evolution, physical and chemical

South African universities, offers a yearlong Honours programme

nature of objects beyond the earth’s atmosphere. An astronomer’s

and a two year long Masters programme in astronomy / astro-

studies cover comets, planets, stars, galaxies and other interstel-

physics and space science. It also offers an extended Honours

lar objects. Astronomy also looks at how and when the universe

programme for students who have no astronomy background, or

began and what will happen to it in future.

who need to improve their physics and mathematics proficiency.

Most astronomers specialise in a particular field of astronomy,

What are the available career opportunities in Astronomy?

such as planetary science, solar astronomy, etc. They could typi-

Graduates can normally find employment at astronomi-

cally be expected to, among other things, operate and develop

cal research facilities like the South African Astronomical

specialised satellite telescopes and equipment, observe and

Observatory or at universities. They can also work in fields out-

research the cosmos with this equipment and predict the behav-

side of Astronomy, like information technology or even financial

iour of celestial objects.

services, as their scientific skills are highly valued.

What should I study to become an astronomer?

Young people interested in astronomy need to take Physical

By Nicole Ludolph

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

31

BURSARIES

BURSARIES Funding the future Department of Environmental Affairs

• Mine Survey

Closing date: 30 September

Application:

Mpumalanga Provincial Government

Request application forms by emailing

To qualify you need to reside in the

Fields of study:

Nomfundo Mkhwebani: n.mkhwebani@

Mpumalanga province. Female students

• Environmental Economics

canyoncoal.com with the words “Bursary

and those with disabilities are encouraged

• Environmental Engineering

Application” in the email subject.

to apply. Preference will be given to stu-

• Environmental Health

Closing date:

dents from previously disadvantaged back-

• Environmental Management

30 October

grounds and those from rural communities.

Preference is given to previously disadvantaged students and those with disabilities.

Do not fax or email applications.

• Environmental Sciences

NUMSA Application:

To qualify you need to be a dependant of

Fields of study:

Go to www.environment.gov.za and down-

a NUMSA member or staff member. Please

• Civil Engineering

load the application form.

note: No emailed or faxed applications will

• Electrical Engineering

Post: The Director General, Department of

be considered.

• Mechanical Engineering • Water and sanitation Engineering

Environmental Affairs, Private Bag X447, Pretoria.

Fields of study:

Attention: Learning and Development –

• B Education (majoring in Science and

Bursary Section

Mathematics)

Application:

Closing date: 23 October

• BSc or B Eng (Engineering diploma

Download forms from www.mpumalanga.

or degree: Chemical, Civil, Electrical,

gov.za/education or collect from Provincial

Canyon Coal

Industrial, Metallurgical, Mechanical)

Government Department (public librar-

To qualify you currently need to be study-

• Computer Science/ Information

ies, Thusong Service Centres, Circuit and

ing at a recognised tertiary institution

Technology

Districts offices).

in one of the fields mentioned below.

• Biomedical Technology

Submit completed applications and sup-

• Environmental Engineering

porting documents via:

Preference will be given to female students, those with disabilities and those

Application:

Post: The Bursary Unit, Mpumalanga

from the Delmas and Middelburg region.

Go to the website www.numsa.org.za and

Department of Education, Private Bag X

look under careers for the bursary applica-

11341, Nelspruit,1200, or,

Fields of study (Bsc):

tion form.

Hand delivered: The Department of

• Analytical Chemistry

Submit completed applications and sup-

Education (Provincial Office), Riverside

• Geology

porting documents to:

Government, Complex Building, 5 Upper

• Electrical Engineering

Post: Mbuyi Ngwenda Bursary Fund, PO

Ground Floor, Nelspruit, 1200

• Mechanical Engineering

Box 787352, Sandton, 2146

Closing date: 30 September

32

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

QUIZ

QUIZ

1 2

7

What is the longest river on Earth?

A. The Amazon River B. The Nile River

A. 24 hours B. 1 hour

C. The Mississippi River

C. 60 seconds

The deepest point in all of the world’s oceans is named what?

A. Mariana Trench B. The Great Barrier Reef

8

Who invented the thermometer?

A. Albert Einstein B. Friedrich Mieschler C. Galileo Galilei

C. Bermuda Triangle

3 4 5 6

How long does an individual blood cell take to make a complete circuit around the body?

Nimbus, cumulus and stratus are types of what?

A. Plant B. Clouds C. Disease

What type of food does an omnivore eat?

A. Meat B. Plants C. Meat and Plants

What is the biggest ocean in the world?

A. Pacific Ocean B. Atlantic Ocean C. Indian Ocean

What is the second largest coral reef in the world?

A. New Caledonia Barrier Reef B. Mesoamerican Barrier Reef C. Great Barrier Reef

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

33

PUZZLES

SUDUKO fill in a 9×9 grid with digits so that each column, row, and 3×3 section contain the numbers between 1 to 9

2 6 1

8 9

8

2

6 7

1 6

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CROSSWORD Down 1

1. Bacterial infections in humans can be treated with what?

3

2. Which dwarf planet shares the same name as a famous Disney 1

dog?

5 6 2

3. Can you unscramble the following word to reveal the name of a planet: SVNEU 4. What living creature makes the loudest noise?

5. In which European country is the world’s tallest bridge?

3

2

6. Before there were 7 continents, there was one big continent, 4

4

what was it called?

Across

5

1. The death of every member of a particular species is known as what?

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2. What is the largest desert in the world?

3. Which marine animal has three hearts?

4. The solid state of water is known as what?

5. What is another name for a tidal wave?

6. Which is the only planet to spin clockwise?

34

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

ANSWERS

ANSWERS Astrophysics Issue

SUDUKO

SCIENCESTARS Special Edition | June/July 2017

ASTROPHYSICS

7 1 8

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QUIZ

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1. B- Space X 2. A - 320 light years 3. A - 2007 OR10 4. C - Global Seed Vault 5. D - Airlander 10 6. C - 52 7. A - Sulphur 8. D - Hilary step

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

35

DID YOU KNOW?

DID YOU KNOW? • When you slowly freeze salt water or water from the sea, you will get fresh water ice. Big icebergs and gla-

ciers are fresh water too; this is because they are made from snow, despite it being in the ocean.

• Sound will travel 4 times faster through water than it will through air.

• You will weigh less on the moon than you would on earth, but did you also know that on earth you will

weigh slightly less when the moon is directly overhead.

• Forensic science is so advanced that a scientist can examine a single strand of someone’s hair and determine their age, sex and race.

• It is possible that you can get sick or even die from drinking too much water. It is known as over hydration or water intoxication.

• If you measure the boiling point of water in towns at sea level, like Durban and Cape Town, it will be higher than in towns like Johannesburg or Polokwane, which are situated at a higher altitude. This is due to atmospheric pressure being almost the same as the standard pressure at sea level.

• When your knife cuts through an onion it opens onion cells and releases volatile chemicals that irritate your eyes. Putting your onions in the fridge or cutting it underwater both help with the tears.

• When you place ice cubes and water in a glass and fill it the brim when the ice blocks melt the water level will not rise and cause the water to spill over. Don’t believe me? Try it for yourself and then try to figure out why.

• Cold water weighs more than hot water.

• Antarctica has one of the world’s largest and deepest freshwater lakes. The lake is hidden beneath 4 km of ice. Lake Vostok is 200km long and 50km wide.

36

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

KAGGA KAMMA

KAGGA KAMMA NATURE RESERVE

P

icture a hotel room, but outside. White sheets and a comfy

Due to the remote location of the nature reserve, it is away from

bed, sleeping under the stars and waking up to the warmth

the big city lights and air pollution making for the perfect condi-

of the sun on your face. This is what you can expect when

tions for star gazing. You can go to the mini observatory that they

you are you are staying over at Kagga Kamma Private Game

have on site and a facilitator will assist when gazing through the

Reserve.

telescope.

Situated in the Cederberg Mountains, not only do they offer out-

If you are not that into the outdoors and you are looking to just

door accommodation, they also have rooms that are inside an

kick your feet up and relax, there is also a Day Spa on site. Pamper

actual cave!

yourself or your loved one with a facial, relaxing massage or choose from a wide range of treatments.

Opened in 1988, the beautiful and preserved natural environment of the area is ideal for those that love nature and the outdoors.

If you are looking for a tranquil getaway, while being surrounded by nature this would be perfect. The next time you hear someone

During your stay you can go on a guided tour and have a look at

saying that they love the outdoors; suggest that they give Kagga

the San rock art and paintings, some of which are six thousand

Kamma a try. Do you think that you are daring enough?

years old. Also available are nature drives, where you can see the unique plant and animal life of the region, with expert rangers

For more information, booking details, rates and pricing or contact

leading the way.

details, check out the Kagga Kamma website: www.kaggakamma.co.za

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

37

EXPERIMENT

Fun Home Experiment Tornado In a Jar

What you need:

Instructions:

• Glass jar, make sure it has a lid

1. Fill your jar with water approximately ¾

• Water

full and a

• Dish washing liquid, e.g. Sunlight

2. Add a teaspoon each of dish washing

• Vinegar

liquid and vinegar

• Food dye*

4. Hold the jar, use your wrist and spin the water around in a circle motion, this will form your tornado-like vortex 5. Repeat action for better results

38

The food dye is optional and you should only use a drop or two. If it is too dark you will not be able to see the tornado.

Science Stars Magazine Advancing Science Tourism Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

Cut out and place on your wall for easy reference

DRAFTFCB CAPE TOWN 10003863CT/E

Mzansi For Science

Scientists, Technologists and Innovators are just like you.

They’re curious.

They ask questions.

They try new things.

The desire to try new things has been inside you from the very beginning.

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