SS Induction Issue 11

SCIENCESTARS Issue 11 | April/May 2016

INDUCTION

THE ART OF BRINGING ABOUT

Incadescent vs Fluorescent bulb

Incadescent bulb Glass envelope Filament

Support wires Inert gas Glass fuse enclosure Glass envelope - the thin layer of glass that surrounds the light bulb mechanism and the inert gases.

Coiled tungsten filament - the metal wires that glow brightly when electricity flows through them.

Support wires - wires that physically hold up the filament.

Inert gas - the bulb is filled with inert (non-reactive) gases.

Glass fuse enclosure - glass that insulates the bulb’s fuses - located in the stem of the bulb.

Connecting wires - The wires that carry electricity from the bulb’s electrical contact to the filament.

Screw cap - the threaded base of the bulb that secures it to a lamp.

Electrical foot contacts - the metallic base of the bulb which connects to the electrical contacts of the lamp when the bulb is in the lamp.

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Connecting wires Screw cap Electric foot contact

Fluorescent bulb

Difference between Fluorescent (CFL) bulbs generate light by sending an electrical discharge through an ionized gas, incandescent bulbs emit light by heating the filament present in the bulb.

Ballast

Ballast - also known as a choke, a choke is a large inductor. It consists of a long copper winding over iron laminations.

An inductor by nature always has a tendency to throw back the stored current in it, every time the power through it is switched OFF. This principle of the choke is exploited in lighting a fluorescent tube light.

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CONTENTS CONTENTS

FEATURES

1 1 1 1 2 3 1

Induction AND MAGNETISM

5

gadgets AND apps

8

upcoming events

9

south africa's first hydrogen fuel forklift and refuelling station

2 paving the way for south africa's future

3

bursaries AND LEARNERSHIPS

REGULARS

4 3 3 4 4 4

editor's note

2

SCIENCE NEWS

7

top 10

1 quiz

2

puzzle

3

puzzle answers

FOREWORD

For teachers, the classroom and the education world have changed dramatically in recent decades, making teaching a little more difficult. Teaching is the best profession there is; when it gets tough, we have to keep to the heart of it – the student.

Students don’t have to be perfect; their job is to figure out how to work with the daily challenges and talents they have. On the first day of class, the plan is to always give them the absolutely messiest possible science assignment so they can have some fun, learn that they can make a mess and how to clean up.

It is imperative that we as teachers advise students to not take

the

on too many extracurricular activities, choose wisely and ensure they don’t overload themselves. Students need to ensure they

FOREWORD

get enough sleep, read more and exercise regularly instead of spending too much time online. The best advice for students is to tackle the year by getting organised and reading a lot, they should prioritise and set out time in their schedule for what is important.

A transition The academic transition from primary level to secondary level and

All we as teachers want the most, is to make a connection with

subsequent movement from secondary level to tertiary level is not

each student. If you can’t build a relationship with your students,

simple. No matter how confident one can be at school or at work

you won’t be successful. You need to engage with them or you’ll

moving into a new environment can be a nerve-wrecking process.

only be talking to yourself. As teachers we need to understand

So induction days are very important as they help remove anxiety

that there is so much more to students than the life they lead in

and enable students to settle more quickly. Induction helps stu-

class.

dents experience the new environment and what their life will be

Nyaniso Nkonjane Grade 10 Teacher, Butterworth High School

like there.

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ED’S NOTE

team Science Stars

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR

Managing Editor • Evans Manyonga editor@sciencestars.co.za

The start of new things

Editor • Sihle Qekeleshe Induction sparks a lot of ideas when mentioned. The word has different meanings and one would be surprised with how these themes sync with our theme for this issue. From all the definitions we gathered only two of those were the best fit.

The first definition is “an occasion when someone is formally introduced into a new job or organisation, especially through a special ceremony”. This year everyone is transitioning into a new environment, big or small. Some are starting high school, finally in grade 12 or are first year university students. The special ceremonies that take place are; orientation days for new high school students, matric inductions and orientation week for first year university students.

The second definition is “the process by which an electrical conductor becomes electrified when near a charged body, by which a magnetisable body becomes magnetised when in a magnetic field.” Let’s look at it this way; you are the electrical conductor, the electrifiers here are the environments you will be transitioning into and the electromotive is how you settle in after the induction process.

Graphic Designers • Cinzia-Joey Swartz

• Stacey Okkers

Project Manager • Renata Williams Contributing writers • Oswald Kucherera

• Thandile Mbana

• Pamela Yoli

Chairman • Madambi Rambuda Ambassador • Prof. Azwindinni Muronga Subscriptions • info@sciencestars.co.za Copyright 2016 Roswika Media. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or any means, electronically or mechanically, without prior permission.

Science Stars is published by Roswika Media.

This issue looks at aspects like the 2015 matric pass rates, the best gadgets and apps to have, bursaries and learnerships as well as the top 10 things to do as a first year student. We know being in a new environment may not be easy, some don’t welcome change really well, but we will try and make it easier and more fun.

Sihle Qekeleshe Ediitor

10th Floor, The Pinnacle 2 Burg Street Cape Town, 8000 021 839 2507 info@sciencestars.com www.sciencestars.co.za

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FROM CLASSROOM TO BOARDROOM A DECADE OF EMPOWERMENT From building schools to supporting black entrepreneurs, from making university study possible for disadvantaged students to providing work experience for young work seekers, Shanduka Foundation strives to develop South Africa’s human potential. Over the last decade, Shanduka Foundation has created opportunities for educational development, career growth and entrepreneurial advancement.

•

Adopt-a-School Foundation mobilises companies and individuals to adopt disadvantaged schools with the aim of improving the academic, infrastructural, social and security environment in schools.

•

Shanduka Black Umbrellas nurtures qualifying 100% black-owned businesses by providing meaningful access to markets, networks and finance through its small enterprise incubators and online enterprise and supplier development portal.

•

The Cyril Ramaphosa Education Trust provides bursaries to disadvantaged students and organises vacation work in companies in the Shanduka Group.

•

The Shanduka internship programme provides experiential training for selected learners and job seekers within Shanduka Group and across its partner network.

Thanks to the ongoing support of many partners in business, government and civil society, Shanduka Foundation is making a significant impact in the lives of young South Africans.

To find out more about the work of the foundation and its programmes, visit

www.shanduka.co.za/shanduka-foundation

THE

2015 MATRIC RESULTS IN NUMBERS Improving the quality of education

70.7% The 2015 matric exam national pass rate was 70.7%, congratulations to the class of 2015

Western Cape was the best performing province in the 2015 National Senior Certificate exams

Provincial pass rates from highest to lowest:

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84.7%

84.2%

81.6%

Western Cape

Gauteng

Free State

81.5%

78.6%

69.4%

North West

Mpumalanga

Northern Cape

65.9%

60.7%

56.8%

Limpopo

KwaZulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

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COVER STORY

The national matric class of 2015 has the highest number of grade 12 admissions in the history of South Africa’s basic education system.

The 2015 matric pass rate has decreased from 2014; socio-economic issues play a significant role in matric results. There are strategies in place to help in improving the quality of education.

Minister Angie Motshekga honoured the top 20 matric achievers of the class of 2015 at the Vodacom Dome in Midrand. Top Maths and Science achievers dominated in the top 20. We would like to congratulate everyone who passed, to the ones who are not entirely happy with their results; there are lots of other options you can explore!

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CSIR BURSARY PROGRAMME 2017 PEOPLE BEHIND IDEAS THAT WORK

Undergraduate Bursary Call for Applications: A world without science is unimaginable. Science aids development and organisations such as the CSIR play a very big role in ensuring that the world, especially Africa, continues to change for the better. Armed with some of the best minds in the world, the CSIR works on trying to solve problems that can help all South Africans and make a significant contribution to the global wealth of knowledge.

The CSIR hereby invites bursary applications from talented young people wishing to pursue a career in research, technology development and innovation. The CSIR Undergraduate Bursary Programme is open to all academically qualifying young people and also aims to attract and increase participation of women and African people in fields of science, engineering and technology.

If you are a South African citizen successfully pursuing a science or engineering degree at a South African university or a Grade 12 learner intending to study for a degree in science or engineering in 2017, the CSIR bursary is for you.

This is a comprehensive bursary that covers all the costs associated with university studies, such as: Registration

Tuition

Books

Accommodation

Living allowance

Laptop allowance

Requirements Grade 12 learners: • Must be a South African citizen • A minimum of a Level 5 for English (First Language or a English Second Language) in Grade 11 • Preferably level 6 for Mathematics and Physical Science in Grade 11 • Enrolled fulltime for a BSc or BEng at a public tertiary institution University students: • Must be a South African citizen • Must have passed all courses for which you have registered at the university for the study period already completed

Closing date: 19 June 2016

www.csir.co.za

To apply for a bursary: Go to http: //www.csir.co.za/recruitment/bursary.php

Should you experience any problems in submitting your application, please contact the CSIR bursary office on bursaryprogramme@csir.co.za or (012) 841 3256 The CSIR is a responsible employer; we have put measures in place to ensure that equity is implemented such that it best serves the interests of the organisation and South Africa as a whole.

Preference will be given to applicants from previously disadvantaged backgrounds and people living with disabilities. This speaks to the CSIR’s commitment to the Employment Equity Act of 1998.

INDUCTION

INDUCTION & MAGNETISM The development of magnetic induction Written by : Oswald Kurrechera

H

ere is an experiment for you to

credited for laying the scientific foundation

try. Tear small pieces of paper and

of James Maxwell’s ground breaking work

place them on a flat surface. Take

with electro magnetism.

a ruler and rub it vigorously on your head and move it slightly towards the pieces

Faraday was born in a poor family. His

of paper. The pieces of paper slowly move

father was a blacksmith whose chronic

towards the ruler. Amazing, how does that

health problem impacted on his ability to

happen?

work. Faraday had little formal education.

ing, he educated himself on various scien-

Regardless of his poverty, Faraday was

tific subjects and this formed the spring-

It is solely because of magnetism, the

determined to get an education. He sought

board of his scientific career.

forces of attraction or repulsion between

work in London book bindery and whilst

various substances especially those made

working here, he was exposed to a wide

In 1812, Faraday attended lectures deliv-

of iron and other metals, ultimately due to

range of books which included text books

ered by a prominent chemist, Humphrey

the motion of electric charges. A magnet is

and encyclopedias. Through extensive read-

Davy at the Royal institute and this marked

an object which exhibits magnetic proper-

the beginning of their long lasting relation-

ties and every magnet has two poles, the

ship. He did the research and experiments

North Pole, where most of its strength is

with electricity, and made a breakthrough in

concentrated and the South Pole, which is

1831 when he discovered electromagnetic

the weaker side. The like poles of different

induction which made it possible for the

magnets repel and the unlike poles attract.

discovery of things such as electric generators and electric motors. This discovery later

In the 19th century people had little sci-

inspired the historic work of James Maxwell.

entific understanding of magnetism and electricity though it had become clear that

The discovery of electromagnetic induction,

the two were interlinked. It only became

together with the discovery that electric

possible to fully explain and comprehend

current produces a magnetic field, laid the

the concept of magnetism when the idea

foundation of the modern age of electric-

of magnetic induction was developed.

ity. The electric generator, which makes electricity widely available and the electric

Michael Faraday, a British chemist and

motor, which converts electricity to useful

physicist born in London, invented the

mechanical work, are all based on these

electric generator and electric motor. He is

effects.

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ADVERTORIAL

Schools making a quantum leap in science performance Lerato Tlebere is reaching for the stars. Quite literally. Since Schools Development programme has, as part of its infrastructure the Strydom Secondary Grade 10 learner visited the Navel Hill programme, supplied two brand new science laboratories and Planetarium in Bloemfontein, her world, or her universe to be more renovated a further five in its project schools in Fezile Dabi and precise, opened up. “I want to be an astronomer,” she says. “My visit Motheo districts. KST also provides science kits to both primary to the Planetarium was such an eye-opener. I learned about all the and secondary schools. The District Whole Schools Development stars and the different planets.” To achieve her dream Lerato knows programme is a partnership between KST and the Free State she needs to work hard, particularly in science. The recent launch Department of Education and supports the transformation of eduof a new Life Science and Physical Science laboratory at her school cation delivery through a whole school development model. By makes her dream one step closer. “These labs are the best thing supporting the improvement of Physical Science delivery the prothat has happened to our school,” she says. “Before, you had to read gramme speaks to the South Africa’s Action Plan to 2019 and the the textbooks and imagine the experiments. But now we have labs National Development Plan. That Tate Makgoe, the Free State’s MEC and I’m so proud of my school.” In the third term of 2015 Strydom for Education has a passion for science is also no secret. He beamed Secondary’s Grade 12 Physical Science performance stood at 78%, at the learners in their white lab coats at the Strydom Secondary an improvement from 50% the previous year.

School launch while encouraging the rest of the school population

Since 2014, the Kagiso Shanduka Trust (KST) District Whole to follow in their footsteps.

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ADVERTORIAL

the Physical Science intervention, but for the school’s overall improved Matric pass. “In 2012, our Matric pass rate was 39%,” Mr Motaung says. “But through KST’s assistance the pass rate improved to 97.4% in 2015.”

The KST intervention is indeed bearing fruit. Recent monitoring data that compared 2014 third term pass rates with those of 2015 have shown an increase in Physical Science performance among the majority of KST’s project schools. Schools such as Boitlamo Secondary and Nomsa Secondary, which had been struggling at 32% in Physical Science in the third term of 2014, improved to 71% and 90% respectively by the third term of 2015. Similarly, Tlotlanang Secondary’s dramatic improvement As part of the whole school development package KST currently

from 39% to 79% from 2014 to 2015 respectively in Physical

offers educator development to 81 Physical Science educators

Science is heartening. This affirms the KST belief that sustained

in both Fezile Dabi and Motheo districts. Educators have the

intervention (the KST curriculum intervention runs for no less

benefit of workshops that aim to improve content knowledge

than three years) can turn around attitudes, improve educators’

and facilitate sharing of good practices among peers. Curriculum

content knowledge and create excitement among learners for

mentors also assist educators to develop varied and differenti-

study of science.

ated teaching approaches.

Mr Motaung, Deputy Principal and Physical Science educator at Qalabotjha Secondary School is grateful to KST, not only for

KAGISO SHANDUKA TRUST

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FACTS

Interesting Human Body Facts The Brain

T

he brain acts like a giant computer that controls our bodies and allows us to think. All of the

special sensors in the body talk to the brain and the brain sends out signals to the rest of the body. The brain is powered mainly by sugar, which is made from the food we eat. This wonderful organ is very complicated and still puzzles scientists on how parts of it work.

Facts about the Brain Did you know?

•An adult brain weighs up to 1.5 kg and is usually only about 2% of body weight but uses nearly 20% of the body's energy, •The brain floats in a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid. This helps protect it from harm, and provides some nutrients to the cells of the brain, •The skull (or cranium), which protects the brain, is made up of 22 different bones joined together, •The brain is split into two halves each half controls the OPPOSITE side of the body, •Every memory you have is safely stored in a special area of the brain called the hippocampus, •The brain works on electricity. The same power that gives you light at night also runs your brain, giving you your thoughts, emotions, and moves your muscles, •The human brain is around 3 times larger than other animals brains that are our size, •The brain contains billions of nerve cells that receive and send signals to and from the rest of the body, •Out of all of the oxygen you breathe in, the brain uses nearly 25% of it, •In order to run your brain you will need to eat good foods that are rich in potassium, calcium and fatty acids such as omega 3.

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GADGETS AND APPS

Technology in the 21st century

Educational Gadgets By : Thandile Mbana

T

echnology in the 21st century has brought about a

Portable Computer/ Laptop:

drastically different way of living for millions of people

Portable computers and laptops, were originally considered to be

around the world. This technology has made the world

a small niche market. Laptops became widely used for a variety of purposes. Most 2016-era laptops also have integrated webcams

seem smaller and highly accessible to millions of people.

and built-in microphones.

The transition from horse drawn carriages to cars, to jet planes to missions on mars, has shown how much we, as the

Mobile Phones:

human race, have been able to alter our lives completely.

Most modern mobile telephone services use a cellular network architecture, and therefore mobile telephones are often also called cellular telephones or cell phones.

Through this technology we have been exposed to gadgets such as high tech mobile phones, tablets, laptops and personal computers, which are connected to fast and highly effective

Tablets:

internet access. With internet access, children of all ages, the

Tablets come equipped with sensors, including cameras, a micro-

youth and adults have been exposed to social media plat-

phone, and an accelerometer, and the touchscreen display uses the

forms. Above all else, we have been exposed to applications

recognition of finger or stylus gestures replacing the usage of the

that changed our ways of downloading, connecting, collecting

mouse and keyboard.

and learning.

E- Reader: Gadgets such as tablets, laptops, mobile phones and

An e-reader, also called an e-book reader or e-book device, is a

E-Readers, ensure high school scholars are able to download

mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose

apps and books for free or at very low rates.

of reading digital e-books and periodicals. It offers access to a massive catalogue of books, magazines and newspapers.

Google Play Store, which comes already installed in most smartphones and tablets, serves as the official app store for the Android operating system, allowing users to browse and download applications developed with the Android SDK and published through Google.

Examples of apps that can be found are:

Human Anatomy

Solar System 3D

King of Math

Free Physics Grade 11 & 12

These gadgets can have these applications installed on them and this can be very helpful for high school scholars. It will essentially enable them to have their very own teachers at their fingertips.

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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBITION A world of discovery under one roof Written by : Pamela Yoli

exhibitor came out of their shell and shone with passion as they spoke about their invention.

For instance the HySA Systems at the University of the Western Cape developed a novel prototype hydrogen refuelling station with Metal Hydride Compressor which has all sorts of features and benefits such as low costs, is noiseless and fully auto mated.

Cape Peninsula University of Technology created a race car that has opened many doors for the students involved as they have been fortunate enough to have been selected thrice in the

W

years 2012, 2014 and 2016 to race on the same race track as

sea of navy and black suits and dresses it is easy to feel out of

the highest percentage of female drivers showing their belief in

depth and under pressure amongst the academics staring over

gender equality. “You get to learn a lot because they don’t just

their brims anticipating your equally intelligent opinion.

focus on one thing” said Gordans Bay Navy intern Lindo Mkhize.

ith words like “hydro forklift”, “advance manufacturing

Lewis Hamilton, Silverstone racing track in The United Kingdom!

technology laboratory” and “enhance the quality of life

Showing nothing but growth coming in 65th in their first year of

in south Africa…” casually abuzz amidst the mundane

racing in 2012 and 45th in 2014. The University has sent through

Cape Peninsula University of Technology Adaptronics Advanced However after numerous interviews and an open mind that was

Manufacturing Technology Laboratory (AMTL) did not stop there

not the case, In fact quite the opposite as we stepped into a for-

as they created their own drones too. The small to medium drones

eign world we previously viewed as boring and withdrawn each

can be deployed on border and coastal patrol however mainly

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ity and out of the box thinking Lithabe Pasika showcased his design of solar PV blinds, the blinds are fuelled by the suns heat but serve a dual purpose of shading a room and using the sun’s rays as a means to light the building instead of using electricity thus considerably lowering the electricity bill.

We also took a look at the CSIR which is one of the leading scientific and technology research, development and implementation organisations in Africa. CSIR basically co-ordinates directed and multidisciplinary research, technological innovation as well as industrial and scientific development to improve the quality of life of the country’s people. focus on surveillance for areas such as farms. The drones are

Like the CSIR, the National Research Foundation (NRF) is also

programmed to fly to a way point, set in auto-mode and once the

dedicated to the improvement of the quality of life of all South

drone has completed its mission it returns to its starting point.

Africans by promoting and supporting research through funding, human resource development and the provision of the necessary

Nalane Ae Afrika, meaning African Heritage in Sesotho, stood out

research facilities to facilitate the creation of knowledge, innova-

as they did not look like robots, did not have any mathematics

tion and development in all fields of Science and Technology.

or geometric symbols around them, it seemed too simple to be true. However they are anything but simple as the haircare range

Have you ever wondered where you come from? Originally?

infused with a blend of indigenous African oils nature provides

Well The Palaeontological Scientific Trust (PAST) which is a

for the environment such as avocado and coconut oil that nour-

Johannesburg-based public benefit organisation protects, pre-

ish and strengthen natural coils, leaving hair soft, moisturised

serves and promotes the very valuable scientific evidence for our

and easily manageable. Thus, promoting natural hair which is fast

shared origins in Africa as the Sciences of our origins reveal the

becoming a trend as of late. As we have seen celebrities such

shared African roots of all people. PAST uses our ancient heritage

Solange Knowles, Nandi Mngoma and Pearl Thusi donning their

to build African dignity, promote social community and environ-

natural crowns.

mental conservation, establish African leadership in the Sciences related to our origins and to inspire scientific curiosity among

Just when you thought there could not be anymore more creativ-

school-going youth.

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EVENTS

UPCOMING EVENTS 2016 Not to be missed South African National Science Olympiad The South African National Science Olympiad is the only officially recognised Science Olympiad for Grades 4 to 11 and is recognised at Provincial, National, The Department of Science and Technology and the Department of Education.

Dates: 2 & 4 August 2016.

Gauteng Junior Science Fair The Gauteng Junior Fair is open to all leaners at schools in Gauteng. The intention of the junior events is to allow learners to participate and explain their projects to the judges in a more relaxed atmosphere.

Date: 4 August 2016.

National Science Week National Science Week is run in all nine provinces simultaneously at multiple sites per province. Each year a different theme is chosen and activities are offered around the theme to the target audiences. Check out each province’s dates on the SAASTA website.

Dates: 8-13 August 2016.

Northern Gauteng Senior Science Fair Northern Gauteng Senior Science Fair is the largest regional science fair for learners in Grades 7-12 in the Northern Gauteng (Tshwane) Area.

Dates: 12-13 August 2016.

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Regional Expo 2016 The Regional Expo for 2016 will once again take place in the UCT Sports Centre.

Dates: 29-31 August 2016.

The Science Forum This forum seeks to create a platform for a vibrant debate on the role of science, technology and innovation and society in South Africa. It also seeks to strengthen South Africa’s strategic international science, technology and innovation partnerships. The event will take place at the CSIR International convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa.

Dates: 6-7 December 2016.

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SOUTH AFRICA’S FIRST HYDROGEN FUEL CELL FORKLIFT Fuel cells are a family of technologies that use electro-chemical processes rather than combustion to produce power. The technology will significantly enhance ventilation requirements, and reduce heat, noise levels, and noxious and sulphide emissions underground.

The metal hydride system brings with it significant benefits. It allows for the forklift to operate at lower pressures of 180 Bar, improving vehicle safety and costs (the cost of the local refuelling station is around R 2 million vs € 500 000 for an international system). The forklift also has lower noise levels and longer operational times CEO of Implats Terence Goodlace, Minister of Science and Technology Naledi Pandor and Gauteng Premier David Makhura.

I

between refuelling, ensuring increased productivity – there is sufficient fuel for two to four days before hydrogen refueling is

n partnership with the University of the

prototype forklift and refuelling station.

required, and the refuelling itself takes only

Western Cape (UWC), Implats unveiled its

A fuel cell forklift prototype has been in

seven minutes.

prototype hydrogen fuel cell forklift and

operation since October 2015 within the

refuelling station at its Impala Refining

dispatch area at the Base Metals Refinery

This investment is a result of over a decade

Services in Springs.

(BMR) situated at Impala Refining Services

of continuous discussions and negotiations

in Springs. Implats plans to use hydrogen

between Implats and UWC’s South African

The three-year project commenced in 2012

fuel cell technology as its main source of

Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry

and was a collaborative effort between

energy for material handling and under-

(SAIAMC), under the leadership of SAIAMC’s

Impala Refining Services, Hydrogen South

ground mining equipment.

Director, Professor Vladimir Linkov.

Africa (HySA) Systems hosted by UWC and

The initiative involves building local skills

“This partnership is unique in the national

the Department of Science and Technology,

in the development of hydrogen and fuel

system of innovation, unparallelled by any

Over the last three years, Implats funded

cell products and co-funding the develop-

other university laboratory or institute in

HySA Systems a total of R6 million towards

ment of the prototype forklift and refuel-

South Africa,” commented Professor Vladimir

the development of a fuel cell-powered

ling station.

Linkov.

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DST

Dr Cordellia Sita, Director of HySA Systems,

an improved quality of life.”

noted, “fuel cell-powered forklifts are gain-

gies have the potential to provide access to affordable, safe, clean and reliable energy.

ing significant traction world-wide and are

Over the long term, Implats plans to fast-

Local fuel cell development also holds the

now entering mainstream commercialisa-

track local manufacturing of fuel cells and

promise of boosting manufacturing capacity

tion. However, the limited availability of

componentry within a proposed tributary

and competitiveness in South Africa, where

refueling infrastructure, coupled with the

Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in the Springs

the predominant supply of the critical plati-

challenge of finding the most appropri-

region. The company’s longer-term strate-

num componentry is mined.

ate on-board hydrogen storage technology

gic investments include exploring a car-

Speaking at the event, the Minister of

remains a big challenge”.

bon neutral fuel source for its operations,

Science and Technology, Naledi Pandor,

and participating in collaborative efforts

noted that South Africa had started to make

Implats CEO Terence Goodlace commented:

through the Impala Roadmap to develop

a number of bold moves that could see

“Developing a viable fuel cell industry in

fuel cell technology to drive knowledge-

the country leapfrog into being a leading

South Africa has several advantages for the

based skills development and job creation,

hydrogen fuel cell technology industrial

country such as economic development,

and to increase foreign direct investment in

hub.

sustainable job creation and social good.

South Africa.

The development and implementation of

“South Africa is beginning the difficult

this technology provides an important

The fuel cell industry has the potential to

but important journey towards a hydro-

opportunity for South Africa to play a role

revolutionise the way power is delivered to

gen economy, and this partnership is an

in reducing global greenhouse emissions,

all areas of our lives – from cars to mobile

important step in that direction,” added Prof

thus diminishing urban pollutants and con-

phones and computers, as well as to our

Frans Swanepoel, Deputy Vice-Chancellor:

tributing to reduced health care costs and

homes and workplaces. Fuel cell technolo-

Research and Innovation at UWC.

Far right: Dr Mykhaylo Lototskyy

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Research that can change the world

Impact is at the core of the CSIR's mandate. In improving its research focus and ensuring that it achieves maximum impact in industry and society, the organisation has identified six research impact areas: Energy - with the focus on alternative and renewable energy.

Health - with the aim of improving health care delivery and addressing the burden of disease.

Natural Environment - with an emphasis on protecting our environment and natural resources.

Built Environment - with a focus on improved infrastructure and creation of sustainable human settlements.

• Defence and security - contributing to national efforts to build a safer country.

• Industry - in support of an efficient, competitive and responsive economic infrastructure.

• • • •

www.csir.co.za

THALES

PAVING THE WAY FOR SOUTH AFRICA’S FUTURE Fast Tracking Pathways to Success

T

he Community Chest supported an

tions. Aside from the monetary value of

education-focused project to assist

the award, the Community Chest commits

disadvantaged students from a

to assisting and supporting the six bursary

“Students are often left to their own devices

winners throughout their tertiary education.

in terms of education. Through programmes

selection of Cape Town schools. This year six pupils each received R100 000 towards

Martin.

like this we are able to really invest in their

their tertiary education in Maths, Science,

The six participating schools are:

future and give them opportunities to grow.

and Technology.

Khanyolwethu High School, Kleinvlei High

It really speaks to communities to be able

School, Forests Heights High School, Joe

to support and mentor the youth.”

The “Fast Tracking Pathways to Success”

Slovo High School, Sizimisele High School,

project, in association with Thales South

and Malibu High School.

Africa Systems, sees R8.5 million invested

Ethyn Arrow, from Malibu High School in Blue Downs, is in his first year at the

into education over five years in six

Community Chest of the Western Cape

University of the Western Cape studying

schools, in order to improve the education

project coordinator Yumna Martin says that

computer science, and plans to continue at

outcomes in communities where Thales’s

they are, primarily, invested in the future of

the institution until he has completed his

advanced Rail Signalling System is being

the youth.

honours.

supplied.

“We want to invest in students who work

After that, he wants to “explore” the world –

hard academically, and we help to provide

the United States and Europe – to broaden

The carefully-designed programme, in its

them with the opportunity to access ter-

his horizons before embarking on a career

second year, not only benefits the bursary

tiary education. With Thales, we are helping

in computer science.

winners, but also many other students due

to give back to communities by investing

to improved management of these institu-

in these six schools over five years,” says

Other than his “real job” one day, he plans to use his free time to create a programme that simulates how atoms interact with each other. If it works, he said he will be able to use it to make new substances. If it doesn’t work, he said it will be useful to teach high school children how substances interact with each other.

“The bursary makes everything easier and more realistic,” says Arrow. “And it lightens the burden on my parents.”

Magdalena Payi, from Sizimisele High School, is studying Medical Laboratory Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT).

Thales’ CEO Justice Tootla, Magdalena Payi (Sizimisele Technical School), Wonke Mahlombe

“Because of the bursary, I am able to focus

(Joe Slovo High School), Sinethemba Matutu (Khanyolwethu High School) and Community

on my studies without worrying about how

Chest of the Western Cape’s CEO Lorenzo Davids

22

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

to fund them,” she says, adding that she

THALES

Thales’ CEO Justice Tootla, Faybian Arendse (Kleinvlei High School), Hazelle Booysen (Forest Heights High School), Ethyn Arrow (Malibu High School) and Community Chest of the Western Cape’s CEO Lorenzo Davids

finds it motivating.

Stellenbosch University. He has long had a

Hazelle Booysen attended Forest Heights

passion for electrical “gadgets” and fixing

High School in Kuils River before going

“It makes you work harder and put in more

faulty appliances where and when he can.

to Northlink Technical College to study

effort. It pushes me that extra mile to do

He attributes his success so far to hard

Mechanical Engineering, a field that has

better.”

work, commitment, dedication, and self-

interested her since she watched her dad

Faybian Arendse matriculated from

motivation.

work on cars as a young girl.

and now attends Stellenbosch University

Wonke Mahlombe matriculated from Joe

After just one semester, she can already

where he is studying a Bachelor of Science

Slovo High School in Khayelitsha, and

dismantle and repair various aspect of an

degree with a focus on human biology and

is also studying Electrical Engineering

alternator – and knows how to service a

psychology. And he’d like to get his hon-

at CPUT. On Saturdays, he teaches

car, showing the guys in her class a thing

ours and masters.

Mathematics to the Grade 11 class at Joe

or two.

Slovo High.

“I want to work very hard to complete my

Kleinvlei High School in Eerste Rivier

“The bursary gives me the option to choose

studies as I know that this will help me in

to further my education,” says Arendse.

“I love learning and I feel at the end of my

my chosen career and will eventually earn

Sinethemba Matuta attended

studies I will have many job opportunities,

me a good income. I would then be able to

Khanyolwethu High School in Lwandle and

which will earn me a lot of money and this

improve the standard of living of my family,”

is now studying Electrical Engineering at

will help my family tremendously,” he says.

she concludes.

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

23

MTN and Poynting get ready to live stream a

world record attempt

Imagine holding onto the tailfin of a rocket-powered supersonic jet

it will allow all of the computers and telemetry (data measuring)

car while it is driving, not at 120 km/h, but a whopping 1 690 km/h!

systems in Bloodhound SSC to talk to the high-speed MTN LTE Cellular antenna base station that has been built at Hakskeenpan.

Next year in the dry and deserted Hakskeenpan in the Northern Cape, you will be able to see how the Bloodhound Supersonic Car

This means that MTN will be able to stream live video of this car

(SSC) breaks the sound barrier and the 1 000 miles per hour (1 610

achieving the fastest ever speed on earth and it means you can

km/h) barriers on land. And you will be able to watch it all live

watch it on your cell phone or computer at home or in school.

from your cell phone, thanks to MTN and a South African designed antenna hanging onto the Bloodhound’s tailfin.

But to build such a fast LTE telemetry system and such a fast

The antenna was created by Poynting Antennas South Africa, and

antenna is no mean feat. When Bloodhound in 2008 promised that

The Bloodhound Project has been driven by project director Richard Noble OBE who was himself a World Land Speed Record (WLSR) holder in 1983 with Thrust2 that achieved (1 019.47km/h). Without Richard’s tenacious attitude to seeing a successful WLSR project it is very unlikely there would have been anyone to step into his shoes as funding such an audacious project is extremely difficult, especially when the world launch was October 2008 and the start of a major world-wide recession! There have been times when cash-flow has been an issue but major new sponsors have been identified including Rolex, Castrol, Rolls-Royce Engines and Jaguar Land Rover plus a host of stripe sponsors and companies wishing to provide components and materials and use the Bloodhound name in their marketing. Plus anyone anywhere in the world will be able to see the attempt from wherever

over 30 000 people have put their names on the

they are, they did not know that monitoring a vehicle has never been done at

tailfin for ZAR 300 each! Richard was project direc-

such a fast speed.

tor for the successful ThrustSSC programme that saw the first ever supersonic car runs back in 1997

So how do you test your antenna when your car cannot drive at 1 690 km/h?

when money and the weather were again major

Easy! You hire a fast car and a fighter plane!

obstacles.

Once Poynting finished designing and building the special antenna, they fitted

The Bloodhound Project is like most of the other

it to a fast Jaguar XKR V8 capable of 300 km/h. With this car they drove up and

world land speed record attempts since 1898 in

down the dusty pan to test how well the antenna was communicating with the

that funding to ensure driver Andy Green has the

powerful MTN cell phone tower.

fastest and safest car has caused many challenges for the team. The latest cash crisis has meant a

Then they fitted another cell phone antenna to a L39 fighter jet trainer and flew

further delay to the car’s arrival into South Africa

over the Jaguar, in the opposite direction. This means the Jaguar was driving at

with 2017 now being the target year. Perhaps only

its top speed in one direction and the fighter jet flew right across its roof in the

Henry Ford in 1904 did not experience money

opposite direction. By combining the speed of both the car and the plane, they

problems with his successful world land speed car!

managed to get close to the Bloodhound’s top speed and they got the thumbs

BLOODHOUND SSC was unveiled to the world’s

up!

media back in September 2015 where over 8 000 visitors to London’s Docklands witnessed the 95%

But the Poynting engineers had another challenge: How do you stop the antenna from melting, when it is fitted just above the Bloodhound’s Nammo Hybrid Rocket and an EJ200 jet engine?

To solve this problem, the engineers built a special water cooling system that will circulate cool water around the small antennas and keep them nice and chilled.

So next year at a date still to be decided, you can watch a world record high speed attempt, all thanks to a Poynting Antenna system and MTN cell phone tower!

complete car.

DST

Department of Science and Technology Budget Guide for the 2016/17 Financial Year Strategic overview

Expenditure Framework period.

Development and Support programme, and constitutes 58% of the Department’s total

The National Development Plan recognises

expenditure.

the crucial importance of science, technol-

The Department will continue to focus its

ogy and innovation in accelerating South

investments on research and development,

Africa’s socio-economic development. To

promoting innovation, and building the

R2,1 billion of this, or 16%, is transferred to

make South Africa a more globally com-

country’s knowledge economy to improve

the National Research Foundation to ensure

petitive economy, both government and

productivity, health systems, education and

the completion of the Square Kilometre

industry will need to scale up innovation

infrastructure. This will include research

Array (SKA) demonstrator project. The SKA

radically.

infrastructure grants to researchers and

will be the world’s largest and most sensi-

institutions across the innovation value

tive radio telescope. Key economic benefits

Science, technology and innovation, along

chain (e.g. for pilot plants, technology dem-

from this investment will be the leveraging

with water, transport, infrastructure and

onstrators and specialised facilities); the

of foreign direct investment from the SKA

information and communication technolo-

establishment of new technology service

Organisation for construction costs, esti-

gies, cut across the Nine-Point-Plan.

platforms, such as the bioinformatics ser-

mated at €650 million for phase 1 (2018 to

The Department steers the national system

tor; and agro-innovation hubs to connect

of innovation to contribute to specific areas

researchers and rural communities.

vice platform to service the life science sec- 2023).

The National Development Plan acknowledges that economic growth is a longer

of this plan. Examples are the revitalisation of the agriculture and agroprocessing

The Department will ensure that at least

term project and that the key role that

value chain; increasing the impact of the

80% of postgraduate students receiving

innovation plays should increase incre-

Industrial Policy Action Plan; unlocking the

support through the National Research

mentally. Over the medium term, the

potential of small businesses, cooperatives,

Foundation (NRF) bursary programme are

Department will focus on South African

and rural and township enterprises.

black, 55% are women and 4% are people

innovation for energy security, poverty alle-

with disabilities.

viation and health care funded through the

With the budget for the 2016/17 financial

Technology Innovation programme, which

year at R7,4 billion, the focus for this year

Some key priorities in 2016/17

is allocated R3,2 billion, or 14% of the

identifies human capital development,

Government has set the target of raising

Department’s total budget over the medium

knowledge generation, infrastructure, and

gross expenditure on research and devel-

term period.

global and African collaboration as prior-

opment to 1,5% of GDP by 2019 from the

ity focus areas over the Medium Term

current level of 0,76%. Modelling exercises

Through the National Intellectual Property

undertaken by the Department show that

Management Office, the Department will

to reach that target, additional investment

transfer R90,1 million over the medium

of R115 billion is required. The investment

term, including increased funding of R75

should come from both the public and pri-

million over the period, to the National

vate sectors, and the Department’s contri-

Intellectual Property Management Office,

bution over the medium term will be R13,2

which ensures that publicly funded intel-

billion. This is budgeted for in the Research, lectual property is used to create products,

26

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

DST

processes and services that contribute to

focus areas.

quality of life in South Africa.

Technology Innovation receives close to R1 billion to spend on leading, informing and

The Department aims to position bio-

influencing policy development in strategic

innovation as a mechanism for achieving

focus areas. Also coordinating and sup-

government’s industrial and social develop-

porting research and skills development in

ment goals, guided by the Department’s

space science, renewable energy and the

2013 Bioeconomy Strategy. R436 mil-

bio economy; and promoting the develop-

lion, budgeted for under the Technology

ment. Also the commercialisation and legal

Innovation programme, is allocated over

protection of scientific research and devel-

the medium term for bio-innovation in the health, agricultural and industrial biotechnology sectors. In addition, R45 million over the medium term is transferred to the South African National Aids Council for HIV initiatives.

Expenditure financing Funding is allocated to the DST by National Treasury as part of the Medium Term Expenditure Framework. For the 2016/17 financial year, the DST received R7,4 billion.

The table below shows the resources allocated to the DST over the 2016 Medium Term Expenditure Framework period:

opment outputs, processes and services.

Research Development and Support

Some of these objectives are carried out

receives R4,2 billion. Among other things,

through the Technology Innovation Agency

the Programme aims to contribute to the

and the National Intellectual Property

development of demographically represen-

Management Office.

tative, high-level human capital by increasing the number of postgraduate. Research

Administration receives R304 million for

students awarded bursaries through the

the overall management of the Department

NRF to 42 396 over the medium term;

and to ensure that organisations funded by

ensure that South Africans have access to

the DST comply with the standards of good

internationally comparable research and

corporate governance and align their activi-

innovation infrastructure by maintain-

ties with the strategic focus of the national

ing the number of researchers awarded

system of innovation.

research infrastructure grants at 70 per year over the medium term.

International Cooperation and Resources receives R125 million to use for increas-

Socio-economic Innovation Partnerships

ing the flow of international resources into

receives R1,8 billion and will spend it on

the country for science, technology and

The Department also receives official

supporting the development of science

innovation-based socio-economic develop-

development assistance from other coun-

and technology-based innovations for

ment. It helps in increasing the exposure of

tries through various funding instruments.

tackling poverty. This will also include the

South African researchers and students to

creation of sustainable jobs and sustain-

global knowledge and science, technology

able human settlements. Enhance delivery

and innovation networks.

Functional classification of expenditure

of basic services; providing policy, strategy

The chart below shows how this is divided

and direction setting for the research and

between the Department’s five main

development-led growth of strategic

Programmes, which represent various core

sectors of the economy.

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

27

Parliamentary grants for entities reporting to the Minister of Science and Technology The National Research Foundation (R883 million) supports and promotes research through the funding of human resource development and the provision of facilities

impact of innovation on the economy and society.

The Academy of Science of South Africa (R23 million) carries out its mandate of promoting common ground across all disciplines; promoting innovative and inde-

to enable the creation of knowledge, inno-

pendent scientific thinking; promoting the

knowledge systems.

tive advice and facilitating appropriate

The Council for Scientific and Industrial

opportunities and challenges of all South

vation and development in all fields of sci- optimum development of the intellectual ence and technology, including indigenous capacity of all people; and providing effec-

Research receives R872 million to foster industrial and scientific development, particularly through multidisciplinary research and technological development, either by

action in relation to the collective needs, Africans.

The South African National Space Agency (R125 million) promotes the use of space

itself or in cooperation with public and pri- and cooperation in space-related activities, while fostering research in space science, vate sector institutions. advancing scientific engineering through

The Human Sciences Research Council (R290 million) undertakes, promotes and coordinates policy-relevant, problem-ori-

developing human capital, and providing support to industrial development in space technologies.

ented research in the human and social sci-

ences, including research projects for public In addition to the parliamentary grants, the DST entities implement departmental projsector users, non-governmental organisations and international development agencies in partnership with researchers all over the world, but particularly in Africa.

Department of Science and Technology

The Technology Innovation Agency (R382

Building 53, Meiring NaudĂŠ Road,

nological innovation in order to improve

Scientia Campus, South

economic growth and the quality of life

Gate Entrance, Brummeria, Pretoria,

of all South Africans. The agency is key in

South Africa

ensuring the translation of the research

Private Bag X894, Pretoria, 0001

and development outcomes of higher edu-

Tel: +27 (0)12 843 6300

cation institutions, science councils and

Fax: +27 (0)12 349 1030

public entities into commercial technology

Website: www.dst.gov.za

products and services, thus intensifying the

million) stimulates and intensifies tech-

ects through project funding.

PROFILE

NANOTECHNOLOGY WITHIN NANOMEDICINE Nanomedicine making a positive influence

M

adichaba Phuti Chelopo is a 27 year old scientist who was born in a township in Polokwane in the Limpopo province. Chelopo is currently a PhD Student at North

West University (NWU), majoring in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and hosted by the CSIR. She obtained a BSc degree in Biochemistry and Chemistry in 2008, BSc Honours degree in Chemistry in 2009 and MSc degree in Pharmaceutical Chemistry in 2012 at the University of Kwazulu Natal (UKZN).

Chelopo focuses on the use of nanomedicine for drug delivery purposes. She explained more about herself and her line of study within the nanomedicine field.

How did you end up in nanotechnology?

I always had enormous interest in working towards the medicinal or pharmaceutical chemistry fields. This was stirred by my basic degree in chemistry and biochemistry.

After my MSc I wanted to learn something new. I was called for an interview at the CSIR for a PhD studentship position that I had applied for. I did not know anything about nanotechnology or nanomedicine, which was the focus of the project and I thought I wouldn’t make it. I also came across literature on nanomedicine which I found very interesting. Because I didn’t know the CSIR interview outcome, I visited research groups from a few institutions interested in medicinal chemistry and particularly in nanomedicine to learn more of what they do practically. However, to my surprise, I was called and told I had made the interview and that is how I ended up in nanotechnology or nanomedicine.

What is your area of focus?

I focus on the use of nanomedicine for drug delivery

FEATURE PROFILE

purposes. Nanomedicine is the application approved nano-drug, which was found to

many previous technologies like the phone

of nanotechnology to make devices or sys- stabilise and prolong the circulation of the

and there are many more technologies we

tems for medical application at the scale drug.

use in our everyday lives that are constantly

of nanometre (1 to 100 nm). It involves the

being improved through nanotechnology.

delivery of drugs, targeting and diagnostic Can you give us some simple examples

If we asked you to describe nanomediThis technology can be used to improve cine in one sentence what would you What exactly do you deal with in your the medicine that is currently used to treat say? area of focus and how does it work? infectious diseases that mostly affect the I would say the use of very small (nano) agents using nano devices or systems

of how this technology can work?

My project involves the design of a drug most African countries. For example, TB was

materials to diagnose, manage and treat

delivery system that will potentially help named the number one cause of death from

diseases.

improve the tuberculosis (TB) therapy by infectious diseases in South Africa and it is Through the use of nanomedicine, I encap- die due to the co-infection with TB. The cur-

In your view what hinders more women from getting into STEM related careers?

sulate these anti-TB drugs within a polymer- rent treatment for TB has been approved

My view is that, there aren’t as many oppor-

lipid system and evaluate the capability of and can potentially eradicate the disease if

tunities given to women in STEM fields.

transporting anti-TB drugs more efficiently. recorded that more than 70% of HIV patients

this system of delivery by doing a number of taken daily for a period of up to six months. Research has shown that there is a general experiments in vitro (using cell models) and However, there is poor patient compliance bias against women. Some people believe in vivo (using animal models).

due to the long duration of this therapy, women can’t excel in STEM fields. It is a steas well as the development of side effects reotype that needs to be dealt with, because

Do you believe nanotechnology has the (toxicity), leading to numerous challenges in

in my experience at school I never felt that

potential to change the world?

the treatment of TB. The solution that nano-

there was any difference in the academic

Yes, most definitely. With more education medicine offers is to contain these approved

capabilities between girls and boys. It really

and research, nanoscience will result in the anti-TB drugs inside certain nanoparticles

felt like we were equal. According to an

improvement of our everyday lives.

article I read some time back (from The

that can ensure that the drugs remain in

the patient’s system for a longer duration. Huffington Post), these negative stereotypes How can nanomedicine positively influ- This can then ultimately ensure the patient affect women’s interest in getting into sci-

ence health and general wellbeing in would not need to take the drugs daily, but ence related areas. I think intellectual capathe near future? maybe instead once a week for two months bility is generally equal amongst genders Nanomedicine can positively influence our as opposed to once daily for six months.

and it should be represented as such in the

health by enormously reducing the cost of

work force.

medicines and reducing the dosage of drugs What are the other ways that nanotechgiven to patients, thereby preventing uncom- nology can be used in our day to day fortable side effects that occur as a result living? of taking a large dosage of a certain drug. Nanotechnology already plays a part in our Nanomedicine has already made a positive day to day living; there are wrinkle-free influence in cancer chemotherapy, by effec- clothes, scratch-free sunglasses made of tively delivering and improving the proper- nanomaterials, nano–devices in our computties of the drugs when given to patients. er hard drives and even cleaning products.

One famous example is Doxil, the 1st FDA We have seen the reductions in the sizes of

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

31

SCIENCE NEWS

SCIENCE NEWS World’s top scientists vow to share any findings to help fight Zika. Zika is a viral disease carried by mosquitos, there has been an outbreak in Brazil and is spreading through America.

Scientists will now ensure that all information concerning the Zika virus is free to access.

Square Kilometre Array South Africa (SKA SA) has awarded a full bursary to five learners from Carnarvon High School, who obtained matric exemptions in the 2015 National Senior Certificate (NSC) examinations.

The Forest Molecular Genetics Programme at the University of Pretoria has announced the availability of competitive postgraduate positions ranging from BSc. Hons R35 000 p.a., MSc R120 000 p.a., PhD R150 000 p.a., to a postdoctoral fellowship R265 000 p.a. supported by the SA Forestry Industry and the Department of Science and Technology (DST).

32

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

Limpopo water has been deemed not suitable for human consumption. This is according to a report by Blue Drop Certification Programme. The report revealed that some water services authorities and water services providers have been supplying low quality water.

Minister Naledi Pandor congratulates Professor Tebello Nyokong on winning the African Union Kwame Nkrumah Scientific Award. Prof.

Tebello is a distinguished scientist from Rhodes University. Minister Naledi Pandor said that South Africa has world-class scientists and Prof Tebello is proof.

Professor Azwinndini Muronga has been appointed as Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University’s new Dean of Science by the NNMU Council.

Prof Muronga is a Theoretical Physicist, who obtained a BSc degree in Mathematics and Physics at the University of Venda, then further obtained a BSc (Honours) and Masters of Science (MSc) degrees in Physics at the University of Cape Town.

FEATURE FUNDING

BURSARIES & LEARNERSHIPS 2016-2017 Funding the future

H

Department of Water and Sanitation:

ave you applied at university and

Stipend Awarded.

are you in need of funding or have

Leanerships on offer in the following Fields: Bursary / Scholarship Programme 2016 Fitter X 5 Bursary Criteria

you graduated and are you in need

of experience? The following information

Boilermaker / Plater and Welder X 10

Bursaries will be allocated on the basis of

could be helpful to you:

Diesel Mechanic X 5

a balanced consideration of the following

Minimum Requirements:

factors:

Technical learnerships X15 Gauteng

Grade 12 with Mathematics or N3 Theory in

Academic performance,

Engineering,

Financial need,

Requirements

Good fault finding and problem solving

Need of DWA in reference of the specific

Candidates must have completed at least

skills,

qualification,

Grade 12 with Mathematics and Science or

Good planning and organising skills,

An interview schedule,

N3 engineering, (Other recognised Technical Technical & engineering equipment under-

Assistance will be provided on a year-to-

National diplomas will also be considered).

standing,

year basis and bursaries will be renewed

Grade 12/N3 with Physical Science and

Self-motivation, analytical, cognitive think-

only if performance of bursars is satisfac-

Mathematics,

ing and good communication skills,

tory.

Computer literate,

Be responsible and committed,

Technical, electrical or mechanical under-

Engineering / Technical Drawing.

Students pursuing the following fields of

standing,

To Apply:

study are eligible to apply for this bursary:

Self-motivation, analytical, cognitive think-

Visit our website and download an applica-

• Analytical Chemistry

ing and good communication skills.

tion form at www.freerecruit.co.za and fax

• Aquatic Sciences

A Stipend is offered.

application to

• Biochemistry

How to apply:

086 460 84 78. Reference number: CPENG-

• Biological Sciences

To apply please submit copies of your CV, ID

846-CPT

• Cartography

with relevant copies of your qualifications DIRECTLY to O865-68I-I39 or O862-II3-I28and follow the process.

Please quote REF TTECP-7854-Gau.

• Engineering

Powergroup Bursaries

• Civil Engineering Power Group offer students who wish or are • Electrical Engineering (Heavy Current) currently studying at University, A bursary • Mechanical Engineering opportunities in the following fields:

• Environmental Law

Cape Town Engineering Learnerships X 20

• Civil Engineering

• Environmental Management

• Construction Management

• Environmental Science

20 X Engineering Learnerships are offered.

• Quantity Surveying

• Geo-chemistry

This is a 2 year program where incumbents

• Project management

• Geographical Information Systems

will be afforded both class room (Theory)

• Business Commerce

• Geo-hydrology

and on-the-job training (Practical) and

Applications are accepted all year.

• Geology

will be given an opportunity to attain an

visit www.powergroup.co.za to download

• Hydrology

Engineering trade test certificate.

application forms.

• Limnology

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

33

FUNDING

• Microbiology

widening opportunities for deserving

Telkom’s bursaries will be required to have

• Surveying

candidates within the communication

the following:

• Water and Sanitation

fields. This group is offering study at any

• Candidates must be a South African citi-

• Water Care

University as well as the University of

zen,

• Water Resource Management

Technology. Candidates will be required to

• Candidates in Grade 12 or 11 may apply

• Water Utilisation

work for Telkom for a period equal to their

(Grade 11 will be pre-evaluated),

How to Apply?

bursary term.

• Candidates must provide proof of income

Visit www.dwa.gov.za to download applica-

Bursaries are made available yearly for can-

and need for financial aid,

tion form, print and send to:

didates from their 1st year of study up until

• Candidates must have a valid South

Department of Water and Sanitation

their 4th year of study.

African ID book / card,

Director: Learning Academy,

Their bursaries focus mainly on the fields

• Candidates must pass English

Private Bag X313, Pretoria, 0001

within Engineering and Business. The usual Communication Skills,

Or Email : bursaries@dws.gov.za

amount of a bursary per candidate is about

• Candidates must provide full academic

Or Fax : 086 750 00 3

R95 000, these cover the tuition, the hous-

records,

ing as well as meals and transport.

Depending on the field of study the NSC

Goldfields Bursary Details:

rating for candidates will differ ranging

Bursary Information

University Undergraduate Studies

from 60% to 80% for specific subject.

Engineering and Built Environment

• Engineering

Telkom Bursaries Application

BEng or BSc Engineering (Chemical)

• Computer & Electronic Engineering

Bursaries applications online are not avail-

BEng or BSc Engineering (Mechanical)

• Light Current Electronic Engineering

able but the forms can be collected from

BEng or BSc Engineering (Electrical)

• Light Current Electrical Engineering

your nearest Telkom Centre for learning in

BEng or BSc Engineering (Mining)

• Computer Science & Information

your community. Fill the form in complete-

Science

Technology

ly and make sure all documents are certi-

BSc (Geology)

• Computer Science

fied copies and accompany your application.

BSc (Metallurgy)

• Software Development

Completed application forms with all rel-

Candidate Requirements:

• Information Technology

evant documentation can be posted or

Current students at university (1st year)

• Marketing

delivered to the addresses with relevant

Grade 12 learners

• Information Technology – Marketing

documentation to one of the following

South African citizens with valid ID number

• Information Systems – Marketing

addresses:

Required subjects: Maths, Science

• Business Science – Marketing

Telkom Graduate Development Scheme

How to Apply:

• Marketing Management

Corner of 16th Avenue and Main road,

Applications available at

Walmer, Port Elizabeth, 1039, Pretoria

Group Personnel Officer

University of Technology Undergraduate

Old Kempton Park/ Pretoria Road,

PO Box 61525, Marshalltown, 2107

Studies

Olifantsfontein, 14 Heronmere Road,

Email: jolene.pienaar@goldfields.co.za

• Engineering

Booysens, Johannesburg

Bursary Equiries:

• Electrical Light Current Engineering

4 Oliver Lea Drive, Rossburgh, Durban

011 752 1145

• Computer Systems Engineering

11 East Burger Street. Bloemfontein

Visit Goldfields for more information

• Information Technologies

8 Bosmansdam Road, Milnerton, Cape Town

Conditions of Bursary:

• Information Technology – Communication

For any additional information feel free to

Service binding contract after graduation

Networks

contact the Graduate Development Scheme

for a period equal to the tenure of the

• Information Technology – Technical

at: 0860 77 66 55

bursary with a minimum of two years after

Applications

graduation

• Marketing

Telkom Bursaries Closing Date:

• Marketing

Applications for bursaries open yearly on

Telkom Bursaries 2016 – 2017

Telkom Bursaries Requirements

the first day of March and closes on the last

Telkom opens door with their bursaries,

Candidates who wish to apply for one of

day of July.

34

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

SPORTS

THE IMPACT OF SPORTS & EXERCISE AT SCHOOLS A Healthy student is a Happy student

S

tudents are struggling to cope men-

Various sports to participate in at school:

tally and physically in class. And this is not because they are underachiev-

ers or that they are not smart enough or simply because they do not care. It is because learners are forced to sit and grow roots in their chairs which makes it harder for them to bloom.

Research has proven that students need an adequate amount of physical activity throughout their daily schedule, not to only prevent obesity and obesity related issues but to perform better academically also.

Athletics/cross-country

Soccer

Physical activity can have an impact on students skills, attitudes and academic behaviour, all of which are important components of improved academic performance. These include enhanced concentration and attention as well as improved classroom behaviour. In some cases more time in physical

Swimming

exercises leads to improved grades and standardised test scores.

Exercise directly impacts the behaviour and development of the brain. It is likely that the effects of physical activity would be particularly important in the highly developing brains of the youth.

Rugby

How exercise can affect daily functioning: • Increased oxygen flow to the brain • Increased brain neurotransmitters

Adequate Physical Education training

• Increased brain-derived neurotrophins

(PE) can help learners function better by

that support neuronal differentiation and

creating healthy bodies and eager-to-

survival in the developing brain

learn minds. Adequate PE doesn’t stop

• Neurotrophins assure the survival of

there; it sets learners up for a healthy

neurons in areas responsible for learning, memory and higher thinking.

Netball

adulthood, continuing a cycle of wellbeing for generations to come.

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

35

DST

THE LARGEST SINGLE OPTICAL TELESCOPE All eyes on SALT, Southern Africa’s Largest Optical Telescope

S

ALT is the largest single optical tele-

Poland, India, and New Zealand, as well as

allocated observing time on the telescope

scope in the southern hemisphere

South Africa. South Africa is the major-

in proportion to their financial contribu-

and among the largest in the world.

ity shareholder (34.4%) and the USA as a

tion, and each determines how that time is

It has a hexagonal primary mirror array 11

country is the second majority holder (over

distributed among its scientists. Observing

metres across.

30% - split between several US institutions)

programs are carried out by a group of

and the balance is held by other partners

resident SALT Astronomers who obtain data

SALT is situated at the South African

from other countries – the ten (10) partner

for many different programs from across

Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) field sta-

institutions include South Africa’s National

the partnership. These data are recorded,

tion near the small town of Sutherland, in

Research Foundation (NRF) (34.4%),

processed, and distributed to the partners

the Northern Cape province, about 400km

Dartmouth College (14%), the University

around the world within 24 hours.

from Cape Town. SALT is funded by a con-

of Wisconsin-Madison (14%), the Nicolaus

sortium of international partners from

Copernicus Astronomical Centre of the

The Minister and the Premier also vis-

South Africa, the United States, Germany,

Polish Academy of Sciences (11%), Rutgers

ited the NRF Outreach Community Centre

Poland, India, the United Kingdom and New

University (10%), the UK SALT Consortium

where learners and the local community

Zealand. The telescope has been in full sci-

(4%), the University of Canterbury (4%),

can make use of computers. The delegation

ence operation since 2011 and is realising

Goettingen University (4%), Carnegie-Mellon

also visited Sutherland’s oldest school, the

its huge potential as Africa’s Giant Eye on

University (3%) and the University of North

Sutherland High School. Education officials

the Universe.

Carolina (3%).

at the school lamented to the Minister about the challenges they were experienc-

Comprising 91 individual 1m hexagonal

SALT construction was completed in 2005

ing. The school could lose their only Maths

mirrors.

and finally began realising its scientific

teacher which is cause for concern. Minister

promise with the start of regular science

Pandor said she would take up the matter

operations in Nov 2011. Each partner is

with her Education counterpart.

Built at a cost of about R 300m and run at annual budget of about R30m, SALT is the most cost effective large telescope in the world, both in terms of its construction costs and in terms of its annual operations costs. It produces far more scientific publications per unit operating cost than any other large telescope.

SALT is operated by the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) under a contract from the SALT Board. The SALT Board of Directors is made up of representatives from each of the partners and governs the telescope. The SALT consortium includes partner institutions from six (6) countries which are the USA, UK, 36

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

FEATURE TOP 10

TOP 10 THINGS TO DO AS

Going to university is a big transition. Do

A FIRST YEAR STUDENT

these 10 things and your first year will be a smooth ride.

Things you must know

1. Get involved in orientation week.

2. Meet your lecturers in person.

Orientation week is about getting to know your new envi-

It’s important to make connections by visiting them during

ronment. Your university should have all kinds of informa-

office hours and asking questions after class; ask about

tion about facilities. Orientation week is a great time to

things that particularly grabbed your interest.

ask any questions you might have.

3. Learn to use the library in the first semester.

Learning how research can be dreadful, but taking the

4. Always keep the requirements to graduate in mind.

initiative early and learning your way around the library

Meet with your lecturers at least once each semester to make

will pay off later. Usually universities give library tours

sure you’re on track to meet all of the requirements for gradu-

during orientation.

ation.

5. Don’t get too involved in extra-curricular activities.

You’ll meet someone who is involved in a lot of extra-curricular activities, don’t let their enthusiasm get the best of you.

Find one you like and stick with it.

6. Eat properly.

Most of the time you will be too busy studying or doing homework to sit down and have a proper meal. Remember it’s impossible to concentrate on an empty stomach.

7. Never be afraid to ask for help.

Your lectures and peers may seem intimidating when around a lot of people. Your lecturers and tutors understand how intimidating that can be.

8. Take some time to learn where everything is.

Take some time and go to campus come on a day you don’t have classes, take a walk around campus and get to know where everything is.

9. Budget.

We know you would like to spend a lot on everything you have wanted, but you need to have a budget. University has a lot of unexpected expenses and you need to be ready for them.

10. Make friends in your classes.

The best technique during the first week of classes is to meet at least one new person in each class. This will expand your network of friends. This is a crucial resource at times when you have to miss a class.

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

37

CTSC

Cape Town Science Centre

Be inspired at the Cape Town Science Centre Fly a rocket to the moon, build a house using foam bricks and cement, take a whirl on the gyroscope as you train to be an astronaut…..

At the Cape Town Science Centre mind-sets are shifted as children and adults are delighted, inspired and excited about the connection between science and life. Often, for the first time they see the relevance of science in their daily life and are eager to explore it further.

The Cape Town Science Centre, established in 2000 (then the MTN Sciencentre) is Cape Town’s only ‘hands-on’ Science Centre. It relocated from Canal Walk shopping centre towards the end of 2011 to a venue in Observatory just in front of the Groote Schuur Hospital, which is far more accessible to all of Cape Town’s communities. Visitors to the centre are delighted with the venue in ‘Obs’, which bodes well for its continued success in strengthening the culture of learning among the youth, exciting young people about the traditionally difficult subjects of science and mathemat-

by teachers in schools. In the four years of being open at its new home more than 250,000 people have been exposed to all it has to offer.

Internationally accredited research has shown that the teaching methods used in science centres, i.e. interactive, hands-on, learner-driven methods, result in 70 to 80% retention of learned information compared to the 30 to 40% retention achieved using traditional show and-tell teaching methods in most schools. With more than 250 interactive exhibits and mind-boggling puzzles, the Science Centre offers a world of discovery (and learning) under one roof.

Besides the core focus on hands-on engagement, peoplecentred activities are just as important. Workshops, Science Shows, Science Quests, Quizzes, Career Days, Science Camps, Holiday Programmes, a popular talk series and a host of other activities have put the Cape Town Science Centre firmly on the map as destination for schools and the general public, not only in Cape Town but nationwide.

ics, and making learners more receptive to lessons offered

38

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

CTSC

As teachers come under increasing pressure with changes to the curriculum and increased use of technology in the classrooms among other challenges, the centre offers regular Teacher Enrichment Workshops helping teachers cope with these challenges. Opportunities are continually offered to teachers that support their teaching in the classroom. This includes the mobile science centre that is able to visit schools in the rural areas of the Western Cape supporting both teachers and learners.

Africa Code Week is amongst one of the more recent initiatives being embraced by the centre. The Cape Town Science Centre is a huge advocate of introducing coding to children at a young age. Coding is the new literacy and an essential 21st century skill and with this in mind the centre became a founding member of this continentwide initiative, which is spearheaded by SAP a leading global software company. Launched in 2015 with a goal of engaging 20,000 youth in 10 countries, the results far exceeded expectation and nearly 89,000 youth were engaged in 17 countries across Africa. This clearly indicates the thirst for coding skills across Africa. This year, the Cape Town Science Centre takes on the global coordination role with a goal of engaging 150,000 youth across 30 countries in Africa.

A registered Non-Profit Organisation and Public Benefit Organisation, the centre actively seeks partners to support their mission. A mission to inspire the future of south Africa by supporting the learning and public awareness of science in the Western Cape and beyond.

Connect with the Cape Town Science Centre: www.ctsc.org.za https://www.facebook.com/capetownscience https://twitter.com/ScienceCentreCT www.youtube.com/user/cptsciencentre http://www.africacodeweek.org/about

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

39

5

HOW AWESOME ARE YOU REALLY? THE OLD MUTUAL OPPORTUNITY You get support from the day you matriculate, throughout your actuarial studies to qualification and beyond.

Our Chief Executive Officer, Long-Term Savings, Paul Hanratty, began his journey as a bursary student. We now offer you a bursary to study at the University of Cape Town or the University of Stellenbosch – if YOU think you have what it takes, use the Old Mutual opportunity to SHINE!

The bursary covers Tuition fees

The challenge

Good networking opportunities

Being an Actuary requires: Sacrifice, dedication and hard work Proven numeracy skills (Mathematics) Communication skills (English) An appetite for challenge Drive, energy and initiative That special x-factor that proves you’re a cut above the rest!

Vacation work from second year

The reward

Accommodation with meals Travel and book allowance Incentives for good performance Academic and emotional support

The Old Mutual edge to keep you going One-on-one mentoring by an experienced qualified actuary Guaranteed employment after university In-house rotation programme exposing you to various aspects of our business Working with acknowledged industry-leading experts in different fields, shaping South Africa’s financial future.

At the end of the journey you will join an elite, talented pool.

You will be recognised as a top-earning niche professional with specialised skills in risk management across a range of financial arenas – finance, fund management, investment product design, solution development and consulting, and retirement and risk planning – among others.

CLOSING DATE: 30 JULY Preference will be given to black South African learners i.e. Africans, Coloured and Indians (ito of EE Act).

omms 01.2014 L6651

For more information, contact Banele Dondolo at 021 509 2656, email bdondolo@oldmutual.com or call 021 504 7285. www.oldmutual.co.za/careers

Old Mutual is a Licensed Financial Services Provider

QUIZ

QUIZ

1

What is electromagnetic induction? a) It is creating a magnetic field from electric current b) It is creating an electric current from a changing magnetic field c) It is inducing magnetic currents

What happens when electrons travel through a metal wire?

2

a) The wire becomes anodized b) Electrons only travel through a wire if a magnet is nearby c) A magnetic field is formed around the wire

The direction of a magnetic field within a magnet is…

3

7

What is in an induction book?

a) From south to north b) From north to south

a) A story about ducks

c) Front to back

b) A guide to your class for guests and new pupils c) A book to write down school spending

An electromagnetic field exists only where there is…

4

What is another word for “induction”?

8

a) Introduction

a) Decreasing current

b) Rejection

b) Voltage

c) Expulsion

c) Current

What does inducting an employee entail?

What is induction?

5 6

b) Training

b) The action of bringing about or giving rise to something

c) All of the above

c) All of the above

What is one supposed to do on induction day? a) Meet new people b) Take a holiday c) Have a science fair

9 10

a) Orientation

a) The process of inducting someone into an organisation

Induction in Mathematics means… a) Proving of a theorem b) Drawing graphs c) Counting to 100

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

41

PUZZLE

SUDOKU

Challenge your Maths Skills against our Sudoku puzzle! Goodluck.

9

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WORDSEARCH Electromagnetic Induction T

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Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

ANSWERS

ANSWERS Trending Science Issue

SUDOKU

SCIENCESTARS

WORDSEARCH

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QUIZ 1. 4.54 Billion Years

D

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2. Gravity 3. Facebook 4.Abbacus 5.Ancestors 6. Nitrogen 7. James Chadwick 8. Mixture 9. Atoms 10. Visible Light

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

43

SALARIES

SALARIES IN SCIENCE Latest salary review for South Africa

T

he review is compiled exclusively for the South African workforce and HR/recruitment professionals. The

salaries are listed as a range, and will differ depending on seniority and skill level.

Profession

Skilled

Senior

Architectural

R15 972 – R23 973

R22 016 – R30 484

Artisan

R18 178 – R23 243

R25 250 – R29 667

Civil Engineering

R30 799 – R42153

R42 088 –R54 516

Draughtsman

R20 313 – R27 408

R23 599 – R30 679

Electricians

R19 278 – R22 985

R23 220 – R30 647

Industrial Engineering

R35 045 – R44 024

R37 031 - R47 375

Mechanical

R38 910 – R49 439

R51 458 – R61 434

Project Engineering

R29 457 – R36 105

R38 551 – R46 761

Quantity Control &

R20 105 – R25 678

R21 753 – R31 416

R22 053 – R29 883

R25 410 – R35 438

Technologist

Engineering

Assurance Quantity Surveying

44

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

BEST COMPANIES

SOUTH AFRICA’S BEST COMPANIES TO WORK FOR IN 2016 Leading in the new world of work

H

ere is the most attractive employer

• Sasol - From laboratory to plant, our cre-

ogy. You’re also highly motivated to join the

for 2015/6 list where the govern-

ative spirit is everywhere. Our employees

BMW Group, whatever stage of your career

ment and parastatals are popular

are skilled at finding ways where others

you may be at. Depending on your qualifi-

employer choices for young South Africans

think there are none. Our unique blend of

cations and experience, we offer a diverse

and professionals.

distinct characteristics defines our loyalty,

range of possibilities.

tenacity and vision.

• Transnet - Transnet is engaged in the

• CSIR - If you are passionate about

attraction and retention of talented individ- • Murray & Roberts - Murray & Roberts is

research, development and innovation,

uals. Transnet is committed towards work-

committed to fair and ethical recruitment

about braving new frontiers; if you are com-

ing with their customers to suit their every

practices that support its world class deliv-

mitted to the relentless pursuit of innova-

need. If you believe you have the right

ery of products and services in the con-

tion and excellence – the CSIR may be the

blend of passion, skill and tenacity to join

struction and engineering sectors.

employer for you.

• BMW Group - We assume you have a pas-

There are many more other top Science

sion for our vehicles and products as well

companies you can work for, but these are

as a fascination for innovation and technol-

some of the best. Give them a try.

our flourishing team, then perhaps Transnet is the place for you!

• ESKOM - We rely on the skill, dedication and enthusiasm of our employees to meet our industry challenges and build a successful business. Our workplace reflects our dynamic and challenging environment as well as offers outstanding opportunities and career prospects, helping our employees excel in achieving their full potential.

• CoCa-Cola South Africa - If you are a graduate or undergraduate looking to experience real business at a multinational company, many of our regions offer internships. Being an intern means more than getting involved in the day-to-day running of the company.

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

45

EXPERIMENT

HOW TO MAKE A

BOUNCY EGG

You will need: An egg White Vinegar A jar

We bet you never thought you could make an egg bounce! We will show you just how you can make such a fragile thing bounce.

Step 1:

Step 2:

Carefully place the egg inside the jar.

Pour the vinegar inside the jar; make sure it is enough to cover the egg.

Step 3: Leave the egg in jar for 24 hours.

During the wait, have a look at the egg; you will see bubbles forming around the egg and raising to the top of the jar.

This is because there is a chemical in the vinegar that is slowly dissolving the chemical inside the shell. You will see some parts of the shell floating on the surface.

Step 4: After 24 hours, take the egg out of the jar and gently rub off the bits of egg shell that are still stuck onto the egg.

While rubbing of the shell, use the vin-

Want to know why the egg is bouncy?

Do some research on how the membrane holds the egg together even though the shell is gone.

46

Science Stars Magazine Induction Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za

egar to rinse off the shell.

Cut out and place on your wall for easy reference

DRAFTFCB CAPE TOWN 10003863CT/E

Draw up a study timetable.

FCB CAPE TOWN 10007095CT/E

Study tips

Don’t procrastinate!

Make flashcards, use acronyms, sing jingles - anything to help you remember.

Exercise and eat correctly to combat stress.

Use tables, flowcharts and figures - pictures can help you remember facts.

Get up a little earlier on the morning of an exam - it will allow you time to have a proper breakfast and you will feel calm when you arrive at your exam venue.

Create a study environment free from clutter and distractions.

If the workload is too big, join a study group. But make sure you actually study.

Get a decent night’s sleep. It helps with your concentration.

Go over as many past papers as you can.

Don’t postpone difficult topics when studying tackle the hard bits first.

Good luck!

At Engen, we want to give you some extra encouragement during your final exams because we understand that education is the first step to a brighter future.

That’s one of the reasons why we invest in subjects that will be of long-term value to our business and South Africa. For nearly 3 decades, Engen Maths and Science Schools have provided extra tuition to learners in grades 10 to 12 across the country. Engen wishes you every success for your final matric exams. www.engenoil.com/education