CITATION

IMMORTALITY: ENDLESS VITALITY

Immortal Organisms: The Science of Species that Live Forever https://www rd com/list/animals-that-live-forever/ https://www reuters com/article/us-ageing-worms-immortality/scientists-find-key-to-immortality-for-asexualworms-idINTRE81Q20Y20120227 https://invisiverse wonderhowto com/news/tardigrades-are-earths-toughest-almost-immortal-animals-0176752/ https://www.science.org.au/curious/earth-environment/animals-can-live-forever https://medium.com/predict/how-humanity-intends-to-achieve-immortality-ff73212feef3 https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/books/article/could-humans-live-forever

How do Axolotls Regrow Amputated Limbs?

Staff, S. N. (2018, March 1). From stealing genes to regrowing limbs, how life finds a way to survive and thrive. Science. Retrieved March 5, 2023, from https://www.science.org/content/article/stealing-genesregrowing-limbs-how-life-finds-way-survive-andthrive#:~:text=In%20the%20axolotl%2C%20they've,generalist%20stem%20cells%20to%20specialize

How Does The Body Heal Itself?

“How Wounds Heal.” John Hopkins, Hopkins Medicine, 2 February 2023, https://www hopkinsmedicine org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/how-wounds-heal

“Is the Body Designed to Heal Itself” Temecula Center, TCI Medicine, 7 August 2019, Lundquist, Erik. https://www tcimedicine com/post/is-the-body-designed-to-heal-itself

“How The Body Heals Itself.” MSO, 7 October 2021, Sysoeva, Daria, https://sites uci edu/morningsignout/2021/01/07/how-the-body-heals-itself/

THE MASTER ORGAN: OUR WRINKLY BRAIN

How Genes Affect Depression

https://www health harvard edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression https://medlineplus gov/genetics/condition/depression/#inheritance https://medlineplus gov/genetics/understanding/traits/temperament/#: :text=Scientists%20estimate%20that%2 020%20to,that%20confer%20specific%20temperamental%20traits.

Neurons: Our Own Electrical Wires

“Types of Neurons ” Queensland Brain Institute - University of Queensland, 25 July 2022, https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/types-neurons.

“How Do Neurons Work?” Queensland Brain Institute - University of Queensland, 31 Aug. 2022, https://qbi uq edu au/brain-basics/brain/brain-physiology/how-do-neurons-work

“What Is a Neuron?” Queensland Brain Institute - University of Queensland, 13 Aug 2019, https://qbi uq edu au/brain/brain-anatomy/what-neuron

“Action Potentials and Synapses ” Queensland Brain Institute - University of Queensland, 9 Nov 2017, https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain-basics/brain/brain-physiology/action-potentials-and-synapses.

Scene Perception in The Human Brain

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How the Human Body Perceives Beauty

Brown, Steven. “The Neuroscience of Beauty.” Scientific American, Scientific American, 27 Sept. 2011, https://www scientificamerican com/article/the-neuroscience-of-beauty/ Lebwohl, Beth “Semir Zeki: Beauty Is in the Brain of the Beholder ” EarthSky, 2020 EARTHSKY COMMUNICATIONS INC, 15 Nov. 2022, https://earthsky.org/human-world/semir-zeki-beauty-is-in-the- brain-of-the-beholder/ Yarosh, Daniel B. “Perception and Deception: Human Beauty and the Brain.” Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), U.S. National Library of Medicine, 29 Mar. 2019, https://www ncbi nlm nih gov/pmc/articles/PMC6523404/#B25-behavsci-09-00034

The Human Body Blueprint

The

Replication of Cells https://study com/learn/lesson/g0-phase-cell-cycle-definition-overview html#:~:text=Some%20examples %20of%20cells%20that,stay%20in%20the%20G0%20phase https://medlineplus gov/genetics/understanding/howgeneswork/genesanddivision/#:~:text=If%20a%20 cell%20has%20an,that%20it%20doesn't%20need. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6318/#:~:text=Damaged%20DNA%20can%20propagate% 20during,avoid%20segregation%20of%20defective%20chromosomes. https://www britannica com/science/cell-cycle https://www nature com/scitable/topicpage/eukaryotes-and-cell-cycle-14046014/#:~:text=In%20eukar yotes%2C%20the%20cell%20cycle,less%20dramatic%20but%20equally%20important

How Do Organelles Grow?

Ogliore, Talia “Organelles grow in random bursts ” Washington University in St Louis, 6 Jan 2023, https://source.wustl.edu/2023/01/organelles-grow-in-randombursts/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CBurstlike%20growth%20provides%20a%20general,be%20maintained%20within %20certain%20limits Petruzzello, Melissa “6 Cell Organelles ” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 Sep 2014, https://www britannica com/list/6-cell-organelles

Wallace F. Marshall. “Organelle Size Control System: From Cell Geometry to Organelle-Directed Medicine.” National Institutes of Health, 4 Jul 2012, https://www ncbi nlm nih gov/pmc/articles/PMC3670685/ Cohen, Sarah. Valm M. Alex, and Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer. “Interacting Organelles.” National Institutes of Health, 2 Jul 2018, https://www ncbi nlm nih gov/pmc/articles/PMC6241252/ Chan, Yee-Hung M. and Wallace F. Marshall. “How cells know the size of their organelles.” National Institues of Health, 7 Sep. 2012, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625396/

The World of Bacteria in Our Guts

“Human Microbiome ” Britannica, Britannica, Kara Rogers, https://www britannica com/science/humanmicrobiome

“Human Virome ” Science Direct, Science Direct, Viral Gastroenteritis, 2016, https://www sciencedirect com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/human-virome

Allergies in the Human Body

“Allergies.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 5 Aug. 2022, https://www mayoclinic org/diseases-conditions/allergies/symptoms-causes/syc20351497#:~:text=Allergies%20occur%20when%20your%20immune,produces%20substances%20known%20 as%20antibodies.

Department of Health & Human Services. “Allergies.” Better Health Channel, Department of Health & Human Services, 10 Mar 2010, https://www betterhealth vic gov au/health/conditionsandtreatments/allergies

“Types of Allergies ” Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America, 14 Nov 2022, https://aafa org/allergies/types- of-allergies/

How is Spiciness Defined and Measured in Scientific Terms?

MasterClass (2021, June 7) A guide to the scoville scale: How spicy peppers are ranked - 2023 MasterClass

Retrieved March 5, 2023, from https://www.masterclass.com/articles/a-guide-to-the-scovillescale#11MbHEKkTQ7soEvhcjNHOp

Terrific Tennis

Author Dennis Sanchez Contributor Dennis holds a B S in Exercise Science with an Emphasis in Human Performance and Sport from Metropolitan State University of Denver Before joining ACE “What Is the Kinetic Chain?” ACE, https://www acefitness org/fitness-certifications/ace-answers/exam-preparationblog/2929/what-is-the-kinetic-chain/ Team, Sportsver. “Muscles Used When Playing Tennis (the Kinetic Chain...).” Sportsver, 16 June 2021, https://www.sportsver.com/muscles-used-when-playing-tennis/.

“Tennis Tip: The Importance of Footwork ” NIKE Sports Camps - USSC, https://www ussportscamps com/tips/tennis/coaches-corner-the-importance-of-footwork Venkat, Rahul “Tennis Rules: Know How to Play ” Olympics com, International Olympic Committee, 1 Aug 2022, https://olympics com/en/news/tennis-rules-regulations-how-to-play-basics

Research Paper: Delaying School Start Times for Sleep

American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2008, June 10). Poor Sleep May Increase Odds Of Emotional, Behavioral Disturbances Including ADHD ScienceDaily Retrieved August 16, 2022 from www sciencedaily com/releases/2008/06/080609071206 htm

FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS| TECHNICAL REPORT| SEPTEMBER 01 2014. Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences Judith Owens, MD; ADOLESCENT SLEEP WORKING GROUP; COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE; Rhoda Au, PhD; Mary Carskadon, PhD; Richard Millman, MD; Amy Wolfson, PhD; Paula K Braverman, MD; William P Adelman, MD; Cora C. Breuner, MD; David A. Levine, MD; Arik V. Marcell, MD; Pamela J. Murray, MD; Rebecca F O’Brien, MD Pediatrics (2014) 134 (3): e922 https://doi org/10 1542/peds 2014-1696

G P Dunster, L de la Iglesia, M Ben-Hamo, C Nave, J G Fleischer, S Panda, H O de la Iglesia, Sleepmore in Seattle: Later school start times are associated with more sleep and better performance in high school students Sci Adv 4, eaau6200 (2018)

Heiser, P. (2019, November 35). Two-thirds of NYS high schools start before 8 a.m. Two-thirds of NYS high schools start before 8 a m - New York State School Boards Association Retrieved August 18, 2022, from https://www nyssba org/news/2019/11/21/on-board-online-november-25-2019/two-thirds-of-nys-high-schools- start-before-8-a.m./

Marcie Beth Schneider, Holly J Benjamin, Committee on Nutrition and the Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness; Sports Drinks and Energy Drinks for Children and Adolescents: Are They Appropriate?. Pediatrics

June 2011; 127 (6): 1182–1189 10 1542/peds 2011-0965

Paruthi S, Brooks LJ, D'Ambrosio C, Hall WA, Kotagal S, Lloyd RM, Malow BA, Maski K, Nichols C, Quan SF, Rosen CL, Troester MM, Wise MS Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations: a consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine J Clin Sleep Med 2016;12(6):785–786 https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.5866

Richter, R (2015, October 8) Among teens, sleep deprivation an epidemic News Center Retrieved August 18, 2022, from https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/10/among-teens-sleep-deprivation-an-epidemic.html Turton P, Piché L, Battram D, Adolescent Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Caffeine and the Consumption of Caffeinated Beverages Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, Volume 48, Issue 3 (March 2016) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2015.12.004

Wheaton AG, Jones SE, Cooper AC, Croft JB Short Sleep Duration Among Middle School and High School Students United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018;67:85–90. http://dx doi org/10 15585/mmwr mm6703a1

ADVANCING LIFE: BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

How is RNA Bacteriophage Being Used for Further Discoveries in Microbiology?

Callanan, J., Stockdale, S. R., Shkoporov, A., Draper, L. A., Ross, R. P., & Hill, C. (2018, July 21). RNA phage biology in a metagenomic era. Viruses. Retrieved March 5, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6071253/

Tars, K. (2020, June 30). SsRNA phages: Life cycle, structure and applications. Biocommunication of Phages. Retrieved March 5, 2023, from https://www ncbi nlm nih gov/pmc/articles/PMC7322243/ Poranen, M M , Mäntynen, S , & Ictv Report Consortium (2017, October) ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Cystoviridae The Journal of general virology Retrieved March 5, 2023, from https://www ncbi nlm nih gov/pmc/articles/PMC5725992/

RNA phage RNA Phage - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics (n d ) Retrieved March 5, 2023, from https://www sciencedirect com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/rna-phage

U S National Library of Medicine (n d ) What are genome editing and CRISPR-Cas9?: Medlineplus Genetics

MedlinePlus Retrieved March 5, 2023, from https://medlineplus gov/genetics/understanding/genomicresearch/genomeediting/ HIV and Its

Possible Cure?

https://www facebook com/WebMD “HIV Cure: Is It close to Reality?” WebMD, 2022, www webmd com/hiv-aids/howclose-to-hiv-cure

“HIV/AIDS - Diagnosis and Treatment - Mayo Clinic ” Mayoclinic org, 2022, www mayoclinic org/diseasesconditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531.

Can Gene Therapy Cure Type 1 Diabetes?

https://www health harvard edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression https://medlineplus gov/genetics/condition/depression/#inheritance https://medlineplus gov/genetics/understanding/traits/temperament/#:~:text=Scientists%20estimate%20that%2020%20to,t hat%20confer%20specific%20temperamental%20traits

A Small Look Into MRI and CT Scans

“Computed Tomography (CT) ” National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, U S Department of Health and Human Services, https://www nibib nih gov/science-education/science-topics/computed-tomography-ct

“History of Radiography ” Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques : Radiography, https://www ndeed org/NDETechniques/Radiography/Introduction/history xhtml#:~:text=One%20of%20Roentgen's%20first%20experime nts,box%20to%20show%20his%20colleagues

Imaging, Catalina “History of the CT Scan: Catalina Imaging ” Mobile CT Rental - Mobile Imaging Rental And Lease, 25 July 2022, https://catalinaimaging com/history-ctscan/#:~:text=According%20to%20Hounsfield%2C%20the%20idea,as%20a%20series%20of%20slices

“Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ” National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, U S Department of Health and Human Services, https://www nibib nih gov/science-education/science-topics/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri NHS Choices, NHS, https://www nhs uk/conditions/xray/#:~:text=They%20can't%20be%20seen,turns%20them%20into%20an%20image

Radlib “Featured History: Magnetic Resonance Imaging ” UW Radiology, 25 Sept 2021, https://rad washington edu/blog/featured-history-magnetic-resonance-imaging/

Linkage and Gene Mapping with Molecular Markers

Molecular linkage maps Forage Information System (2015, December 30) Retrieved February 4, 2023, from https://forages.oregonstate.edu/tallfescuemonograph/genomic tools/techniques/linkage maps

Nature Publishing Group (n d ) Nature news Retrieved February 4, 2023, from https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/mapping-genes-to-chromosomes-linkage-and-genetic-377/ Kho, K H , Sukhan, Z P , Hossen, S , Cho, Y , Kim, S C , Sharker, M R , Jung, H -J , & Nou, I -S (2021, July 27)

Construction of a genetic linkage map based on SNP markers, QTL mapping and detection of candidate genes of growth- related traits in Pacific abalone using genotyping-by-sequencing Frontiers Retrieved February 4, 2023, from https://www frontiersin org/articles/10 3389/fmars 2021 713783/full

Synthetic Biology: Methords and Implementations

NHGRI “Synthetic Biology ” Genome gov, 13 Mar 2019, www genome gov/about-genomics/policy-issues/Synthetic-Biology National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, et al “Specific Synthetic Biology Concepts, Approaches, and ToolsBiodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology - NCBI Bookshelf ” NIH, 19 June 2018, www ncbi nlm nih gov/books/NBK535883

Microbiology Society “Bioremediation: The Pollution Solution?” Microbe Post, 8 Dec 2015, sgmblogdotorg wpcomstaging com/2015/12/08/bioremediation-the-pollution-solution

“Beta-carotene ” Mount Sinai Health System, www mountsinai org/health-library/supplement/beta-carotene

Lim, Boon, et al “Reprogramming Synthetic Cells for Targeted Cancer Therapy ” ACS Publications, 8 Mar 2022, pubs acs org/doi/10 1021/acssynbio 1c00631

THRIVING TOGETHER: BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Unlocking the Power of Genetic Engineering: The Future of Medicine and Agriculture

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Can Tree Rings Predict Climate Change

Using Tree Rings to Predict the Response of Tree Growth to Climate Change in the Continental United States during the Twenty-First Century Tree Rings Provide Snapshots of Earth’s past climate Tree Rings and Climate

How tree rings tell time and climate history