Panorama | Winter 2022

panorama

Winter 2022

Secret Forest Classroom Page 4

Winter Weather Page 5

Northern Cardinals Page 9

WELCOME HELEN BOOMSMA Executive Director

Welcome to the wonderful world of winter! Our trails are a lively place to take in the brisk air and enjoy bright snowfall when you explore our forests, prairies, and wetlands in their frozen state.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Officers Shane Delsman President

As we look to the new year, we’d like to thank everyone who joined us this year in celebration of our 50th anniversary. Whether you read our articles about our history, attended our party, or gave a special gift of support, you were a part of this milestone. Now onto the next 50 years!

Benjamin T. Pavlik Treasurer

In this issue of Panorama, learn about the bird that enriches our winter landscape, the Northern Cardinal. Unlock the intracacies of winter weather by taking a journey through the scientific principles that underlie it. Explore local and global climate patterns and how they affect the season’s snowfall, as well as how snowflakes are formed. Read about The Secret Forest Classroom, a new outdoor Nature Preschool space that is protected by the tower and surrounded by stately conifers.

John Schaub VP-Governance

Expanding Nature Preschool space ensures that during the 2022/23 school year, at least two classes will provide completely outdoor, adventure-based experiences. These K4 classes will use the innovative “forest classroom” model we developed during the pandemic, taking place in The Secret Forest Classroom and the three other preschool play spaces. At the same time, we will continue to offer our more “traditional” preschool classes that make greater use of our indoor classrooms. We are so excited by the opportunities these different options provide to parents as we continue to grow and evolve our Nature Preschool! We are currently accepting applications for 2022/23 on our website.

In the midst of winter, we’re busy getting ready for summer! Our 2022 Summer Camp calendar and registration will be posted in mid-January. We’ll have camps for kids of all ages running from June 13 – August 12.

During this winter season, join us for fun and interactive programs. Enjoy Naturalist-led hikes through Schlitz Audubon’s forests to look for Wisconsin's winter birds, explore the Lake Michigan shoreline, and discover the survival adaptations and ecology of plants and animals during the cold. Take an illuminated hike on our trails or a field trip to another of our region’s natural areas.

The season ends with a sure sign of spring, our annual Maple Sugar Time program! Visit our website calendar for program details and registration. There is a lot to choose from, so you'll be sure to find something for everybody!

Experience Schlitz Audubon by participating in a nature-rich program, bundle up and hike the trails, or rent a pair of snowshoes! No matter your preferences, we hope you come to the Center to immerse yourself in Wisconsin’s winter.

Aliah Berman Secretary Jane B. Bell VP-Development

Board Barbie Brennan Nelson Heidi Dondlinger John E. ‘Jack’ Gebhardt Amy Giuffre Sanderson S. ‘Andy’ Read Benjamin F. Rikkers Jeff Rusinow Carol Wolcott Past Presidents John H. Kopmeier, Jr. Philip R. Smith Dennis L. Fisher Terrence K. Knudsen Thomas J. McCutcheon Thomas B. Fitzgerald Randolph H. Dean Stephen F. Geimer Thomas J. Drought David K. Hoover John S. McGregor Margarete R. Harvey Timothy J. Gerend John Grunau Aliah Berman Director Emeritus Dorothy K. Vallier (1910-2013)

CREDITS FOR PANORAMA Director of Marketing & Communications Nancy Quinn Creative Lead | Design & Photography Zoe Finney Editing | Select Writing Craig Mattson

Admission

FREE admission to Members Adults: $8 | Youth: $5 (ages 3 — 17)

Hours

No registration required Monday-Sunday | 8:30am-5:00pm

1111 East Brown Deer Road | Milwaukee, WI 414-352-2880 | www.schlitzaudubon.org 2

Winter 2022 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

Schlitz Audubon is an independent, locally supported partner of the National Audubon Society.

SEASONAL SIGHTINGS

Lake Terrace Trail next to Lake Michigan in winter.

Visit the Center and discover the beauty of winter!

CORINNE PALMER Environmental Educator

The hiking trails at Schlitz Audubon allow visitors to explore diverse Wisconsin animal and plant life. They provide the perfect place to ponder the amazing adaptations and survival techniques our wild neighbors possess during the winter months.

Ponds such as Turtle Pond, Mystery Lake, or Mink Pond can be a wonderful place to look for signs of life, especially during milder conditions. While turtles and frogs retreat underwater to brumate, mink and muskrats remain mostly active. Mink are members of the weasel family, and we have seen signs of them every winter for years. Mink are fierce predators that help to naturally control small mammal populations, which is important for ecological balance. These mostly nocturnal animals stay active all winter hunting, and we can see their one inch long, five-toed tracks on our boardwalks or near water in the morning.

Viewing Lake Michigan in the wintertime is an incredible experience. Travel down to our shoreline to view ice canos and all the intricate ice formations. You may also wonder about the waterfowl you see in the distance and the adaptations that help them. Many waterfowl survive the frigid water thanks to counter-current blood flow through their legs underneath the water’s surface.

As you hike through deciduous and coniferous forests, observe how the trees appear in winter. Notice patterns of the bark, if the tree has opposite or alternate branching, which birds are using them, and if any animals are using the holes (called cavities) as a winter retreat. See how different the trees are compared to other seasons.

If you’d like to learn more about winter trees and other seasonal happenings at Schlitz Audubon, visit the Center on Sundays from 12:00pm to 3:00pm. Often a Nature Ambassador will be leading a hike and will answer questions about the natural phenomena that interest you.

The best way to enjoy all our trails is to dress for the weather.

Dressing in layers is important and not only allows you to adjust your comfort based on your activity, but the air between the layers acts as insulation. Experts recommend a minimum of three layers for cold weather: A base, middle, and outer layer. It is important to avoid materials made from cotton, as it absorbs instead of wicking moisture.

On icy days, we recommend using Yaktrax, available in our Nature Store, for traversing the trails and the shores of Lake Michigan. If you’re looking for an exhilarating way to hike our wintery landscape, snowshoes are available in our Visitor Center on a first come, first served basis when there is at least three inches of snow. They are free for members, $10 for non-members.

After your hike, we invite you to warm up in the Great Hall.

Watch our bird feeders to see who stops by to refuel, or check the bird chart directly across the bird feeder to see what birds have been sighted on our property. It’s also a good time to visit Emerson, our resident snapping turtle. Visit Schlitz Audubon this season to enjoy the wonders of winter!

Winter 2022 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

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NATURE PRESCHOOL

The Secret Forest CATHERINE KOONS-HUBBARD Nature Preschool Director

Just beyond a winding walkway, a patch of green, and an inviting teaching teepee, sits a partially concealed path leading into a grove of pine trees. More specifically, it leads to our newest outdoor classroom, known affectionately as The Secret Forest.

The Secret Forest premiered in the summer of 2020. Much like our seasonal fairy homes, we assumed it would be temporary.

Over time, we fell in love with this classroom and with the type of program it could support: an entirely outdoor, adventure-based, nature-immersive classroom where the floor is literally a carpet of moss, and the Lake Michigan shoreline is just minutes away.

This is a classroom where branches from the surrounding pines form beckoning ladders for children and tree-climbing is encouraged. Fallen tree limbs are gathered and used to build six-foot tall, conical structures. A clearing provides the perfect spot for ephemeral fairy houses. There is a traveling mud kitchen. There is a circle of tree stumps where children sit, talk, sing songs, and share stories.

Each of the four outdoor preschool classrooms has unique characteristics that inspire different types of play. What makes the Secret Forest so special is not just the materials it contains, it is also the distant, somewhat hidden location. For the average preschooler, the Secret Forest is a good five- or ten-minute walk from the building. Being there feels far from the beaten track and gives children the sense of being wild and free, while keeping them safely enclosed within a barely visible fence.

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Since its first year in 2003, our Nature Preschool has offered enriching, nature-based experiences in beautiful outdoor settings. Now, we are delighted to announce that in 2022, we will be launching our very first morning K4 program. This K4 class will make full use of the Secret Forest, while still having access to our other three outdoor classrooms, and the special experiences each one provides.

This new K4 program will also use an all-outdoor forest classroom model, which is near the forefront of the growing forest school movement. We will not be using the building at all unless we need to take temporary shelter. The addition of a teaching teepee, just outside the Secret Forest, provides waterproof shelter when it rains, and can be heated in the winter to keep us cozy on single-digit days. We use outdoor campfires, hot tea, and fire-baked bread to stay warm in cold weather. It will truly be a school without walls.

While our new K4 program will be open to any child who is either four or five by September 1, it will be particularly well-suited to children who have already had a year of Nature Preschool.

We will be framing this as our new K4 Forest Class.

We are now accepting applications for our 2022/23 Nature Preschool school year. Visit our website for details regarding this new K4 all-outdoor session and all our preschool offerings.

Winter 2022 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

FEATURE

the Science of

Winter CRAIG MATTSON Communications Specialist With contributions from Tom Finley

Winter 2022 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

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FEATURE

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any people look forward to the snowy, bright days of winter. In Wisconsin, the season is as enjoyable as it is unpredictable. There are many local and global factors influencing snowfall and temperatures across the state. Knowing the science behind winter weather can help people to understand the conditions seen in a typical season.

UNDERSTANDING THE WEATHER Increase A. Lapham pioneered the modern methods used to understand and predict the weather in Wisconsin. A canal engineer and surveyor, he also had an interest in meteorology, and is considered the father of the National Weather Service.

Lapham was concerned about Wisconsin farmers as well as the safety of Great Lakes maritime activities. In 1849, he began providing official weather reports to the Smithsonian Institute in Washington D.C. He petitioned a Milwaukee congressman about the importance of having a weather service, and eventually President Ulysses S. Grant signed a national weather service into law. Lapham assumed responsibility for the Great Lakes region in 1870, using the telegraph to send the reports, issuing a storm warning on his first day.

Today’s weather reporting is much more complex than in Lapham’s day. Where he analyzed weather systems using a barometer, barograph, and rain gauge, they are now created with the addi-

tional help of computers, radar, satellites, and modern communication methods. Because of this, scientists understand the workings of weather with a higher degree of accuracy.

THE EARTH AND SUN Winter, like all the seasons, is caused by the interaction of the earth’s orbit around the sun and the earth’s axial tilt. The orbit of the earth around the sun is elliptical, so the distance from the sun varies. The earth's axis of rotation is also tilted 23.5 degrees. In January, the earth is actually closer to the sun. But due to the axial tilt, the northern hemisphere receives less direct sunlight than the southern, and for shorter periods. These are the main factors for cold winter weather in the north and for the two hemispheres having opposite seasons.

The seasons are measured in two ways: astronomical and meteorological. Astronomical seasons are based on the solstices and equinoxes, which are determined by the relationship between the earth and the sun. In the northern hemisphere, winter starts on approximately December 21, the day with the shortest period of daylight, which is called the winter solstice.

Meteorological seasons are based on the three months of the year when the predominant weather condition is seen on the ground. This time period is what news weather reports are based on. In this system, winter begins on December 1 and lasts through February.

LOCAL AND GLOBAL CLIMATE PATTERNS Besides orbital distance and axial tilt, weather patterns are determined by temperature, latitude, air pressure, and proximity to water. Water cycle is key. Warm sun causes water to evaporate, which then condenses into clouds in the cold atmosphere. As clouds become heavy, they can no longer hold onto all that water, which we then see as rain, snow, ice, fog, and other precipitates.

The intensity of the winter season can be affected by local as well as global climate patterns. The presence of Lake Michigan has a profound influence on our local weather. Known as the "lake effect," warm surface waters can increase snow volume in near-shore communities during some winter snow events, as clouds continually replenish.

Global weather phenomena can have as much of an effect as local systems. The polar vortex is a system of cold, dry air that circulates around the poles. The vortex has always existed, and this cold, polar air is generally locked in the arctic. But weather events become more extreme with the warming of the planet. Because of warmer temperatures and the melting of the polar ice caps, this icy air isn’t held at the poles and drops into regions within the earth’s

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Winter 2022 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

FEATURE FEATURE

mid latitudes, such as in Wisconsin. The warming of the planet doesn’t always mean hotter temperatures!

Another climate pattern of note is called El Nino. In El Nino events, eastern trade winds that blow water toward Asia are weaker, allowing warmer surface water to build up on the west coast of the U.S. With this shift, the Pacific jet stream moves south of its neutral position. The jet stream is a band of strong wind in the upper atmosphere that follows the boundary of warm and cold air. When the Pacific jet stream moves south of neutral, it causes the Northern U.S. and Canada to be warmer and dryer and the south to be wetter.

A pattern called La Nina works opposite of El Nino. In La Nina events, trade winds blow Pacific Ocean water from the coast of Chile towards Asia. These winds are stronger than usual and blow more of the warm surface water out, pulling up, or upwelling, cold water from below the surface. This cold, nutrient rich water sits off the west coast of the U.S. and pushes the jet stream northward. This brings warmer temperatures and drought to the south and colder, wetter weather to the northern U.S. Adding complexity, the Pacific Ocean’s surface waters become warmer with the planet’s rise in temperature.

CLOUDS AND SNOWFLAKES To know weather patterns that affect your area, look to the clouds, as they are the carriers of precipitation. There are three main categories of cloud formations: cirrus, cumulus, and stratus clouds. Cirrus clouds are found high up in the atmosphere and are dryer than the others. They are not as responsible for snow or other precipitation. Cumulus clouds, often large and billowy, sit in the mid-level atmosphere. When updrafts fill them with moisture and they grow, they are often responsible for precipitation. Stratus clouds are usually large, low-level clouds that indicate precipitation when gray. The heaviest snow often falls from altostratus clouds. These dense clouds, full of ice and water droplets, often appear to cover the whole sky.

The precipitation from clouds in winter falls in the form of ice crystals. These ice crystals adhere mostly to a six-sided hexagonal shape, which is the structure of ice. There are variations

in snow crystals, but it is a myth that no two snowflakes are alike. The shape of a snowflake is determined by temperature and the amount of humidity. Moisture in clouds will attach to a dust particle, accumulating until it forms a drop. If the temperature is at or below 32 degrees, the water freezes, forming a snowflake.

There are eight categories of snowflake crystals with 80 distinct shapes. These categories are needle, columnar, plate, a combination of plate and columnar, columnar with extended side planes, rimes snow crystal, irregular snow crystal, and the germ of crystal. In general, depending on water saturation, snowflakes from freezing down to 27 degrees F are thin and flat. Below that temperature to 18 degrees, they look like hollow columns, prisms, or needles. Down to -8 degrees, they become plate-like with branches. Below -8, they are plate-like or columnar. Colder weather produces smaller snowflakes, while warmer temperatures produce larger, wetter flakes.

WINTER IN WISCONSIN The coldest and snowiest Wisconsin locations are in Superior, Ashland, and Rhinelander, all northern cities. Snowfall in Wisconsin averages about 44 inches per season, but in February 2021, 22 inches of snow fell in just that month alone. There have been many other large snowfalls in Milwaukee's history. During the Groundhog Day Blizzard in February of 2011, 19.6 inches of snow fell. These extremes demonstrate the variability of Wisconsin’s winter weather.

Despite the unpredictability of the weather, or perhaps because of it, winters at Schlitz Audubon are a wonder to experience. The amazing ice and snow formations on the shore of Lake Michigan, and the bright white, shining snow crystals that fall throughout our landscape are beautiful to observe.

Knowing the science of winter weather makes it even more interesting. When you visit the Center, look to see the snow clinging to tree branches and be a witness to winter’s diversity.

Winter 2022 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

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NATURE EDUCATION

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Winter 2022 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

NATURE EDUCATION

The Northern Cardinal AUBREY ELLICKSON FULSAAS Naturalist/Children's Events Coordinator

Picture a crisp afternoon, the sun beginning to set over a chilled gray sky.

Bare branches blend brown into white as snow covers the earth. Wind gently blows against a set of bird feeders, fully stocked with seeds. Suddenly, splashes of vibrant crimson descend onto the feeders, the red juxtaposed against the white snow. The birds, larger than sparrows but smaller than robins - with distinct crests atop their heads - begin foraging on the seeds. While other species camouflage in the branches, this bird stands out, a flaming beacon of the beauty that nature can behold. This common sight is the spark that leads many people down the path of bird watching. The bird at the gateway of this avian enthusiasm the Northern Cardinal.

ABOVE Female Northern Cardinal at Schlitz Audubon.

RIGHT A male Northern Cardinal at Schlitz Audubon.

The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is one of the most recognizable songbirds in North America. Its native range has spread from the southeastern United States upwards as far as southeastern Canada and Northern Minnesota and as far West as the Great Plains and Southwest Deserts. A major aid in their spread North has been the abundance of sunflower seeds available to them at bird feeders. While they also consume insects, berries, and other vegetable matter, they favor sunflower seeds and will readily come to bird feeders all year long, as they are non-migratory. They are frequently observed foraging underneath feeders as well for dropped seeds.

find more suitable mates. Early in the breeding season, males are often seen carefully feeding their female mates by passing seeds from his beak to hers in a kiss-like gesture. Pairs typically raise two broods together between March and September. During this time, males aggressively defend their nest and territory while bringing food to the female dutifully incubating the eggs. Nests are hidden in thickets of dense branching, typically in bushes and shrubs.

Chicks begin leaving the nest as early as seven days after hatching but are still fed by their parents for one to two months until they are driven out from the territory and begin flocking together.

Northern Cardinals, like many songbirds, are sexually dimor- Once winter comes, pairs forego their territories to join the flock, phic. The males display bright red feathers, richly colored in all so they can search for available food together. seasons, throughout their whole body with a bold black mask around their red beak. Females feature a more subdued and pale Unlike many other songbird species, both male and female brown coloration with red tinges on their wings, tail, and crest. Northern Cardinals are adept singers. Females often sing from The females also have a more greyish black mask around their the nest, communicating their needs to their partners. Males red beak. Both sexes feature a prominent feather crest atop their sing more frequently during breeding season but will continue to heads. Males are slightly larger than females. Cardinals are often- sing throughout the rest of the year, making a bright and whistimes the first at the feeders in the early morning, and the last in tling “cheer cheer cheer...birdie birdie birdie” even in winter. A the evening. This could be due to their conspicuous colors being single Cardinal may develop more than a dozen song variations and flocks develop regional dialects. The sharp and metallic chip harder for predators to detect during lower light hours. is the most common alarm and communication call, but over 16 Differences in size and coloration are often evolutionarily linked different calls have been documented. to courting and nesting behaviors in birds. Northern Cardinals are thought to mate for life, and the pairs stay together all year long. When visiting the Center, watch for Northern Cardinals freThere are instances of “divorce” if a pair is frequently unsuc- quenting the bird feeders near the Visitor Center, or perching in cessful in producing surviving offspring. The pair will separate to the leafless trees among all habitats. Listen for the whistling song or the sharp chirping call as they brighten up the cold winter days.

Winter 2022 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

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DEVELOPMENT In Memory Of Rich Ballard Dan and Trish Andrae Bonnie Behee-Semler Robert Amich Carolyn Chapin Andrew Pokrass and Sharon Madnek Ray Chin Robert Bell Jack Chin Jill Chin Blake and Lauren Donley Elizabeth Residence Bayside Gretchen Findlay Patti Gengler Paul Ludacka James and Beth Mason Michelle Mellencamp Mary Nagle Laura Rippy Aviah Stillman Carol Stillman Trinette and Greg Stillman Michelle and Jeff Titus Jennifer Vondracek Ned and Mary Witte Douglas and Laurie Woods Cynthia Chiuminatto Chloe Chiuminatto Mary Coulson Linda Laev Mary Ann Crowley Catherine Abbott Dwight M. Ellis Chrysdahl Foundation Ruth Fisk Mr. Frederick Luedke David Gorski Monica Misey Paul Hauer Gary and Diane Sobel John Heffron Miranda Banks D. D. K. Marketing Denise Freistedt Allison Grabowski Patrick and Judith Hagerty Roxann Hamblin Lynn Handler Debbie Haws Hannah Johnson-Breimeier and Matt Falvey Susan Knorr Michael and Annette Leroy Dick and Janet Lohmeier Jerry and Susan Ritchie Catherine Sanders Janette Sofranko Richard Stein Barbara Stewart David and Elizabeth Thuli Mark Wade Francine Waldhart Claire Wernecke Susan Wernecke

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Julie Ibar Greg Faludi and Tom Jakubiak William and Kathy Tarmen-Ramcheck Dawn and John Zandt Kristine Irvine Gerald Crueger Anita Johnson Miller Jane Bassewitz Donald and Jill Miller Laurie Miller and Paul Sorrell Virginia Sherlock Michael Kabara Anonymous (2) Jose Cabrera Andrew Cieslewicz Justin and Carie Cieslewicz Luke Cieslewicz Marilyn Cook Sandy Couch Samuel Cox Randy and Mary Farah William Farah Susan Farrell Wustrack Robin Gonring Nancy Hansen Bennett and Al Bennett Timothy and Vicky Hanson Ferne Hecker Bill Henkle Rose Marie Hoffmann Holy Family Parish School Dolores Kabara Greg and Tracy Kabara Katharyn Kominiarek Gregory and Patricia Leeson Joseph Lourigan Mary and Gerald Lourigan Mary Meillier Jean Ollman Maria Quejada John and Diane Reiels Lori Richards Jacqueline Rosenfeldt Traci Schwartz Don and Janice Shane Mary Sullivan Patrick Thomas Dawn and John Zandt Joanne Ladish Victor J. Larson Chet Lukaszewicz Ed and Connie Smidebush Lotte Matzner Michael and Judith Havice Susan Ramsey

Jennifer Anne Olson Mandel Betty J. Bronski Gail Campbell Curtis Crimmins Daria David Steven Donatello John Fox Sara Green Andrea Kreft Lori Kuntz Virginia Lawson Amy and Joe Likover Katherine Lizdas James and Judith Murdoch John and Irene Olson Daniel Ruen Thomas Schoenauer Gail and Fred Tyszka Jessica Wright Timothy Wulf Laura Zach Katherine Zens Betty Potochich Dan Burkhardt Milan Rasic Dean and Rose Mary Muller Dr. Patrick A. Roe Sarah and Hutch Kealy Marjorie W. Rooney Laura G. Rooney Rachael Helene Salmon Elizabeth Seidl John A. Schloegel Jean Schloegel Edwin Sopa Bonita Cimermancic Harold “Chuck” Starks Marcia Anderson John and Karen Befi Dawn Gebhardt Lisa Starks Suzanne Sweet Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Schuemann Davis and Patricia Temple Walter Trattner Edwin G. Ward Timothy and Kathryn Collins Jeff Hoole Mark Stedry Theresa Wells

Joan C. Mikulec Patricia Milligan Jan Mueller Susan Jans and Murphy Baumgardner India McCanse Maura McCauley Meghan McCauley Patricia McCauley Katherine McDonnell Ann and Richard Piehl Margaret and Antonio Salud

Winter 2022 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

Gifts listed in this issue were received between 1/1/21 – 9/30/21

DEVELOPMENT

Planting A Living Legacy CARRIE BECKER Director of Development

Planting or adopting a tree can be a powerful way to celebrate and honor your loved ones. You will secure a touching, living tribute to those who you cherish, while providing benefits for future generations by protecting and enhancing the habitats that you care about.

RESTORE NATIVE HABITAT There are several ways to plant or adopt a tree at Schlitz Audubon.

Many choose to have a tree planted as part of a large-scale habitat restoration project. Just this fall, twelve beautiful 10-foot oaks were installed in the Hardwood Swamp, a powerhouse habitat that, when restored, will support several locally-rare plant and animal species. Located off trail, these trees will continue to grow, change and improve this habitat for decades to come.

ADOPT A FAVORITE A special tree can bring us back to a happy moment in time. The Center is home to many unique, established trees, one of which may have already taken root in your heart. Any tree at the Center can be adopted, helping us to maintain the longevity of the tree for its full life span. Choose a longtime favorite, or trek our 6+ miles of trail to find a hidden gem.

PLANT A TRAILSIDE TREE Another limited-availability option allows you “visit” your tree to watch as it changes and grows throughout the seasons. Working in tandem with Center staff to choose a well-suited species and location, you can have a tree planted in view of a trail, where it can be treasured for years to come.

To learn more about tree planting options at Schlitz Audubon, please contact us at: development@ schlitzaudubon.org.

In Honor Of

Raptor & Animal Sponsorships

Steve Anderson (Co-Founder of Aggie Camp) Chris Anderson

Aero – American Kestrel

Anonymous Kathleen Gallick Boomerfest Anonymous Jeff and Anne Ballentine Magda and Jacek Flejsierowicz Todd and Jody Herbert David and Beth Hoover Rick and Anne Reinders Christine and Dennis Romer Lauren and Greg Guice Lauren Volberding The Hanley Family Michael Franks

In Honor of Elise Silverson Scott and Emily Silverson

Atlas – Red-Shouldered Hawk In Honor of Elise Silverson Scott and Emily Silverson

Atlas – Red-Shouldered Hawk Grace Garcia

Baron von Screech – Eastern Screech Owl

In Honor of Erica Westfahl Tyler Killips

Baron von Screech – Eastern Screech Owl

Adeline Hunt Andrew and Catherine Hunt

Linda Martin

Thomas and Pauline Jeffers Adam Jeffers and Rebekah Nagler Matthew Jeffers

In Honor of Bennett Hoffman Barbara Evans

Alyse and Tony Kain Colleen Clexton

Malary – American Kestrel

Phil Klinger Sr. Elisabeth Cummings

Nicco – Broad-winged Hawk

Sandy Manning Jeffrey and Mary Ellen Duchin

Glory – Bald Eagle

Sue Holcomb

In Honor of Claire and Jane Sauer's 41st anniversary Alexander and Sarah Starrett

Lisa Miller Michal Dawson

Otis – Peregrine Falcon

Moya Mowbray Ryan and Kathryn Hanley

Otis – Peregrine Falcon

Brian and Ingrid Pierson Elizabeth Pierson

Andrew Kaplan

In Honor of Dayle Dieffenbach Ken and Bess Dieffenbach

Suzanne Row Caitlin Row

Sky Walker – Red-tailed Hawk

Schlitz Audubon Raptor Program Anonymous Bruce and Rita Resnick

Tskili – Great Horned Owl

Schlitz Audubon Staff Victor J. Larson

Tucker – Eastern Screech Owl

Ellen Schneiderman and Jim Stein Joyce Altman Leanne Boris Stephen and Linda Kailin Bettine Lipman Doreen Marcus Sandy and Percy Ruesink Barbara and Albert Simon

Dorothy Zajac

Linda Martin

In Honor of Sandy Burkhalter Nick and Alisha Burkhalter

Turtle Birthday Sponsorship In Honor of Aaron Lee Patrick and Ryanne Lee

Mrs. Pamela Shefchik Cheryl Egan Harney and Barbara Stover Susan and Steve Bell Amanda Widing and Jon Stone Kelly Little Mark and Shepp McManus Oliver Walton

Winter 2022 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

Gifts listed in this issue were received between 1/1/21 – 9/30/21

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Schlitz Audubon Nature Center 1111 East Brown Deer Road Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53217

WINTER 2022 PANORAMA

U.S. Postage

PAID

Milwaukee, WI Permit No. 4168