Panorama | Fall 2024

panorama

Fall 2024

A Changing Season Page 3

Fungi Page 5

Welcome Freyja!

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WELCOME HELEN BOOMSMA Executive Director

Welcome to the wondrous fall season! Enjoy a brisk hike through our ever-changing habitats, and gaze at the colorful leaves and wildflowers as they go through their autumnal transition.

In this issue of Panorama, explore the mysterious world of mushrooms! Discover the hidden aspects of fungi and learn about their complex lifecycle. Read about some of the fall sights to observe on our trails. Take in the history of the Fountain of the Great Lakes sculpture located just off the Veranda to the east of the Visitor Center.. Learn how we chose the plants for the three habitat types of our Bluff Pavilion Courtyard gardens, and how people can use ecological knowledge to plant their own successful garden. Welcome our new American Kestrel, Freyja, and learn how she arrived at the Center!

Visit our website to view our updated Conservation page. This comprehensive page lists current and past projects that have transformed the Center’s habitats, including the Hardwood Swamp Restoration Project and the completion of our accessible trail system on the Central Wetlands Loop. Watch the Conservation page to stay in touch with all our habitat restoration and other land projects.

It’s the time of year when the haunts come out to play at the Center. On Sunday, October 20, you can come in costume in the morning or afternoon for Species Spooktacular to learn about some of nature’s spooky and misunderstood animals! We’ll dispel myths about them and share their ecological importance.

One of the year’s biggest events, Xtreme Raptor Day, takes place on Saturday, November 2! Meet our resident raptors up close – including owls, hawks, falcons, and eagles. Learn about conservation, how to nurture and support birds around your own home, and participate in bird-themed crafts and activities throughout the day!

This fall, enjoy nature-themed programs that are enlightening and educational. Satisfy your natural curiosity and creativity with Introduction to Nature Journaling on October 12. You’ll visit a few habitats to discuss how to create a nature journal, including how to use words, pictures, and numbers to record information. Join us for an Illuminated Hike on Thursday, December 6 or Friday, December 12, during which you will stroll along our gently lit trails with family and friends using your own paper lantern to illuminate the early evening hours.

Stop in our Nature Store for unique gifts for the nature lovers in your life. Our shelves are refreshed and restocked with a variety of books, puzzles, and games for all ages. Check out the new selection of science and nature themed water bottles, tea infusers, mugs, tote bags and more.

From jewelry to local honey to ornaments and logo apparel, you’ll find special items for the whole family to enjoy this holiday season and all year long!

The Center is alive with seasonal changes and engaging activities to be enjoyed by the entire community. Visit to partake in one of our programs or take a hike through our peaceful habitats!

Front cover: Shaggy mane mushroom

Admission

FREE admission to Members Adult: $10 | Youth: $7 (ages 3 — 17) 2 and Under: Free | Military: $7

Officers Benjamin T. Pavlik President Evan Kirkstein Treasurer Leia C. Olsen Secretary John Schaub VP-Governance Barbie Brennan Nelson VP-Development Directors Jane Bell Joseph A. Camilli Renee M. Clair Amy Giuffre Therese Gripentrog Jonathan T. Luljak Carrie Nichols Jeff Rusinow Past Presidents John H. Kopmeier, Jr. Philip R. Smith Dennis L. Fisher Terrence K. Knudsen Thomas J. McCutcheon Thomas B. Fitzgerald Randolph H. Dean Stephen F. Geimer Thomas J. Drought David K. Hoover John S. McGregor Margarete R. Harvey Timothy J. Gerend John Grunau Aliah Berman Shane Delsman Director Emeritus Dorothy K. Vallier (1910-2013)

CREDITS FOR PANORAMA Director of Marketing & Communications Nancy Quinn Creative Lead Design & Photography Zoe Finney Communications Specialist Editing & Select Writing Craig Mattson

Hours

Monday-Sunday | 8:30am-5:00pm Schlitz Audubon is an independent, locally supported partner of the National Audubon Society.

1111 East Brown Deer Road | Milwaukee, WI 414-352-2880 | www.schlitzaudubon.org 2

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Fall 2024 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

SEASONAL SIGHTINGS

The Colors of a Changing Season Trees show vibrant color along the Central Wetlands loop.

CRAIG MATTSON Communications Specialist

Autumn at the Center displays an ebb and flow between wildlife that is still vibrant and other life forms that are going dormant for the winter. Hiking south from our Courtyard Pavilion through the forest, past Mystery Lake, and through to the prairie on our Gateway Trail, visitors will see the many forms of change taking place.

In the forest, witness migrating fall birds as well as year-round residents. Migratory birds sport less colorful plumage compared to their spring feathery apparel. In October, look for the olive-colored Orange-crowned Warbler, which looks like the olive-hued Tennessee Warbler, differentiated by its white patch. You may also observe the Yellow-rumped Warbler, revealing streaks of yellow and brown. Kettles of migrating Broad-winged Hawks are also moving through, sometimes in the hundreds. Throughout the fall, resident birds you’ll find in the forest include the Black-capped Chickadee, White Breasted Nuthatch, Great Horned Owls, and Eastern Screech Owls.

top mixes and also moves to the bottom.

Other changes are happening in this water body that visitors can't see. As the temperature falls, reptiles and amphibians get ready to enter brumation, a hibernation-like state that allows them to survive the freezing weather. Turtles, including the painted turtle, Blanding’s turtle, and common snapping turtle, will burrow into the muck under the water, while green frogs and bullfrogs move to the bottom to rest in mud.

Past the forest and into the prairie, visitors will observe wildflowers still bursting with color. Notice the bright foliage of purple asters and yellow goldenrod. Tall sunflowers reach skyward, while soft-hued purple coneflowers give their last shows of color. You’ll glimpse more yellows when you see the petals of compass plants, black-eyed Susans, and brown-eyed Susans.

Hiking in October showcases the splendor of changing leaves, starting with red maples, which turn a deep scarlet. Sumacs are next on the stage to transition in a kaleidoscopic rainbow of red, orange, and scarlet, followed by yellowing willow trees and golden-leaved tamaracks.

While these flowers are blooming in the sun, others are setting the stage for sleep, getting ready to lose their seed through varying strategies of dispersal. Watch for the rattling 2–3-inch oblong, blackened seed pods of blue false indigo, sticky jewel weed seeds, exploded by rain drops or touch, and the seeds of witch hazel, which explode due to mechanical energy and pressure on the seed capsule.

Moving out of the forest, you’ll encounter a changing Mystery Lake. The water is undergoing fall turnover, when chilly water rises and warm water sinks, and looks a little clearer. Plant material, such as fallen leaves and dying vegetation, is sinking to the bottom and decomposing, while oxygen-rich water at the

The burgeoning colors of trees and flower species in the prairies, alongside the waning hues of many migrating fall birds, reminds visitors of the fleeting appearances of the season’s wildlife. When you hike at the Center, you'll glimpse the turning of the color wheel this fall.

Fall 2024 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

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EDUCATION

How to Select Plants for Your Garden SANDY MANNING Center Horticultural Specialist

When choosing plants to create a garden, it is wise to consider the habitat they will grow in. Moisture, soil type, sun, and geographic location all play an important role in determining an ecosystem and which plants will grow well in them. Using these factors as a guide will create a garden space that is harmonious with the local natural area. Our new Bluff Pavilion Courtyard Gardens are a great example of how to use information about ecosystems to inform plant selection.

The Pollinator Garden blooms later in the year, providing flowers for many of our native bees, butterflies, and moths. These plants were selected for full sun to open woods, with tolerance for drier soils once established. There are many species of plants that grow well in full sun, but we selected those that stay short to reduce the number of long, dangling stems and to bring them closer to visitors. Species included white wild indigo, beardtongue, spiderwort, and nodding onions, along with several other native selections.

When considering plants for the courtyard, we noticed a variety of habitats within this relatively small area. Plant choices were also guided by the many ways we will use the Bluff Pavilion Courtyard. The courtyard is 100 feet above the shores of Lake Michigan, and features the resplendent pavilion and a swath of stone pavers flanked by seating nooks and walkways to the trails. It has multiple characteristics; contemplative during the day, energetic during summer camp and when school groups are present, and celebratory during joyful weddings. With these needs in mind, a plan was developed to meet the multiple demands of use and beauty while utilizing an ecosystems approach.

The Savanna Garden uses plants from both areas, to help blend the courtyard together. Look for witch hazel (pictured) blooming this fall behind the large stone seating bench, and the serviceberry at the entrance to the courtyard that will bloom in spring. This space will be an attraction in spring, fall, and winter, with the bark of the serviceberry and musclewood standing as silver-gray punctuation points in the winter landscape.

Much of the soil in our region is heavy clay, which retains water in spring and drains slowly, and it’s alkaline due to high limestone levels. The south side of the courtyard is a Woodland Garden. With trees coming up to the edge of the courtyard, this area is covered through most of the day, a great location for a shade garden. The north side has a big sunny expanse of pavers and seating areas.

This created a wonderful space for a Pollinator Garden, flowering during the summer and early fall. The west side is a transition zone with areas of sun and shade. This is best described as a spot for a Savanna Garden.

Woodlands in southeast Wisconsin are a mix of mid-height woody plants and spring blooming ephemerals. We anchored the Courtyard Gardens with several pagoda dogwoods, named for their layered branches that look like a pagoda. The ground layer features wild columbine, Dutchman’s breeches, Jacob’s ladder, and foamflower interspersed with ferns. This selection of plants requires a shady location and provides early color which brightens the area.

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Blending all areas and the walk from the parking lot is Pennsylvania sedge, a grass-like plant that grows well in multiple ecotypes, performing well in both shade and sun. This sedge provides unification and gives the eye a green background for the entire area. It is a matrix for the other plants in the garden, covering the soil and open spaces when spring ephemerals die back in early summer, softening the edges of the courtyard.

Knowing the space, either your own yard or a bigger project, helps when you are looking at a nursery’s plant list or standing amongst the sea of plants at the garden center. Selecting plants that serve multiple functions, work well together, and fill a garden space helps our gardens look better, with lower maintenance. Understanding the ecosystem that we have or want to create reduces the multitude of plant choices and helps gardeners select plants that will benefit the habitat they grow in.

Visit our Courtyard Gardens this season to observe our incredible variety of beautiful plants. To learn more about how to select yard and garden species from an ecosystem perspective and other garden topics, talk with our Center Horticultural Specialist, Sandy Manning, and watch our website for her horticulture programs!

Fall 2024 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

FEATURE

The Amazing Lives of Fungi & Mushrooms

Craig Mattson Communications Specialist With contributions from Aubrey Fulsaas, Jim Thielke, Fiethong Thao

Fall 2024 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

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FEATURE

F

ungi are a mysterious group of species originally thought of as plants because of their immobility. But having many characteristics that are unlike species in the plant king­ dom, such as their reliance on an external food source, also makes them animal-like. Because of this complex blend of characteristics, these creatures have been placed in their own category, Kingdom Fungi.

More than 140,000 species of fungi are known to exist, from single-celled to complex multi-cellular organisms, including yeasts, molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, and 14,000 species of mushrooms. All mushrooms are fungi, but not all fungi are mushrooms. A mushroom is the fruiting body of a fungus, the visible component of a vast organism that often stretches for long distances underground, found primarily in forests feeding on dead and sometimes living organisms.

ANATOMY OF A MUSHROOM In general, a mushroom’s anatomy is made of the top cap, seen in a variety of structures and shapes, supported by a stem. Underneath the cap, the mushroom has gills which hold spores, the reproductive units of the fungus. Some mushrooms have a skirt, or veil, under the cap and gills. Connected to the stem is a much larger network of filaments called hyphae, which as a group form a vast underground network called a mycelium.

When fungi reproduce, the mushrooms are formed. Mushrooms release spores, which are carried to a place in which they will germinate, combining sexually, asexually, or in other ways.

Once the spores germinate, they form a hypha, which is a single filamentous body that eventually grows into a full network of connected hyphae, called a mycelium. When the conditions are right, the mycelium will form a new fruiting body, and the process begins anew. A fungus reproduces in all seasons, primarily in dark, moist conditions with moderate temperature. Mushrooms can appear at any time, but mostly in spring and fall.

MYCELIUM: THE HIDDEN SIDE OF FUNGUS Mycelial networks form relationships with plants through their root system, providing nutrition to both plants and fungus. Mycelium was discovered with the invention of the microscope in the 17th century, enabling scientists who previously only knew

Giant puffball

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about fungi as fruiting bodies to see the hidden network of hyphae. This complex part of the mushroom makes a vast, concealed component. In fact, the largest and oldest living creature on earth is a mushroom and mycelial network found in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. The organism covers 2,384 acres, around 1,665 football fields. It is also estimated to be the oldest living organism at 2,400 years, based on growth rate, but could be up to 8,650 years old.

Mycelium provides nutrients to the fungi, as well as interconnected plant and tree roots,, such as phosphate, nitrogen, and other micronutrients, as well as water and oxygen. In this process, called absorption, food in the form of sugar, water, and oxygen move through the hyphal walls into the mycelium.

To accomplish this, hyphae release digestive enzymes that break down organic material, called extracellular digestion, then absorb nutrients in solution leading to more growth and reproduction.

Recent studies suggest that mycelia create a form of communication network between plants through their roots. Plants in mycelial network are alerted to disease by a change in the movement of resources to an affected plant. This same process alerts plants within a mycelial network to pests and food availability in a system playfully called the Wood Wide Web. PLANT RELATIONSHIPS Plants and various species of fungi form different relationships based on how a fungus derives nutrition from its host. Saprophytic mushrooms digest the tissues of dead plants and trees.

This is a beneficial relationship, as it breaks down dead plant material to create soil. Parasitic relationships form when a fungus breaks down living tissue, causing illness in the host. Commensal relationships are symbiotic; the fungus benefits, but there is no perceived change in the other partner. Mutualistic relationships benefit both partners, such as a lichen, in which a fungus receives food from an algae living as one organism.

The role saprophytic mushrooms play in making soil is essential. In the natural world, creating soil makes it possible for living organisms like trees to live and receive nourishment. In

FEATURE addition to trees, all creatures rely on soil. It allows plants and flowers to survive, which gives insects such as pollinators food, assisting all plants on earth to grow. This process impacts the human world, too. Soils created by fungus make agriculture possible, and pollinators that feed on plants help food crops.

Human civilization would not be able to thrive without the work of fungi.

OBSERVING FALL MUSHROOMS Autumn is an abundant season for mushroom growth in Milwaukee and at Schlitz Audubon. In moist conditions with moderate temperatures, people will see many species appear.

Mushrooms are important for the region’s ecology as decomposers and for their plant nourishing mycelium.

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotis ostratus) get their name from their oyster shaped cap, with gills that run beneath it, attached to the stem. This mushroom often grows in a shelf-like configuration and is white to tan in color. It lives year-round throughout North America in favorable conditions on many deciduous trees, especially willow and aspen, sometimes on buried stumps.

Hen of the woods (Grifola frondosa), also called maitake, grows primarily at the base of old growth oaks and maples and on stumps. It is a distinctive-looking fungus, with a mass of interlocking flat lobes and a dense core, with lobes radiating concentrically from their center that are gray, tan, to cream-colored. It grows September through November throughout the Midwest and Canada.

Turkey tail (Trametis versicolor) grows on dead or wounded deciduous trees (sometimes conifers) and logs throughout the forests of North America from May to December, starting out with a brown cap that turns bluish as it ages. It has white margins and grows in rosettes, with white to cream pores on its white underside, concentric bands on top, and radial folds.

Giant puffballs (Calvatia gigantea) are smooth, white spheres found in meadows, fields, and deciduous forests in late May to mid-July and August to October. Their range is the Eastern United States to the Midwest. They can be golf ball size to as

large as a beach ball and are known for their delightful ‘puff’ when they burst on contact and release spores.

Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus), also called bearded tooth, grows on dead or dying hardwood trees throughout North America, most commonly on oak, beech, or maple, or on fallen logs. They are distinctive, with white hair or teeth-like protrusions covering a 4–10 inch pom-pom shaped body. They appear in cooler temperatures, especially in August through November in various regions of North America.

MUSHROOMS IN THE HUMAN WORLD People who hunt for mushrooms should be cautious about handling them. At Schlitz Audubon, there is no mushroom foraging allowed on the property. It takes expert identification skills to safely know which mushrooms can be harvested in the wild, including confirmation of three specific attributes of the species made by three separate people. Foragers also use spore prints to provide an accurate reading to identify a fungus. There are many look-alike mushrooms that resemble edible varieties.

This is important because though mushrooms are a culinary species, some are toxic to humans. Do not try to identify a mushroom on your own.

Mushrooms in their natural form and environment are essential to promoting a healthy ecosystem. They also have numerous functions in the human world, though their complex anatomy and physiology are still not fully understood. Mushrooms are a culinary treat for people who enjoy their earthy, umami flavor, and are also found in many supplements designed to harness their health benefits. Some mushrooms are believed to have medicinal properties. Because of their unique role in the environment, research into the uses of mushrooms and mycelium is ongoing. It even includes studies that involve using mushrooms to clean up toxins in the environment and break down plastic.

Mushrooms are a truly dynamic group of creatures that are indispensable to humans, and we will benefit from a better understanding of them. When you visit the Center this autumn, look for these wonderfully interesting species throughout our forest habitats and ponder their importance to the environment.

Turkey tail

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EDUCATION

Welcome Freyja, Schlitz Audubon's New Female American Kestrel LINDSAY FOCHT Raptor Educator

The Schlitz Audubon Raptor Program recently welcomed a new female American Kestrel into our flock. This little girl hatched in early 2024 and, at only four months old, is already full grown. She has been gifted the name "Freyja," a strong goddess from Norse mythology who symbolizes love, wealth, war, and magic.

Freyja hatched out in the wild, but strong storms came through the area when she and her nest mates were only a few weeks old.

Winds broke their nest tree in half, leaving their cavity exposed in the stump of the tree that remained standing. Property owners discovered the nestlings, and, with good intentions, they took them inside to care for them. After a short while, they sought out a local wildlife rehabilitator.

Even with the hope of helping animals, sick or injured wildlife should always go to trained and licensed professionals. There is a risk to human safety, and young animals can also become too habituated, or even imprinted, on their human caretakers. In this instance, young Freyja was exposed to humans and imprinted on them. Once she arrived at the wildlife rehabilitation center, the rehabber noticed her comfort around people and discovered that she was imprinted. Sadly, this is a permanent condition and birds like this cannot learn to live in the wild.

Historically, our Raptor Program has cared for pairs of kestrels, both male and female. Saxon, our one-year-old male kestrel, joined us in 2023. We had been looking for a female for two years when we got the call that this girl needed a home. Having both a male and female back in our program helps us teach about these amazing little birds and the unique attributes of their species.

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Notably, American Kestrels showcase a distinctive characteristic that most other raptors do not: sexual dichromatism. Males and females have different colors, allowing us to identify the different sexes. For example, male and female Red-tailed Hawks look the same. In kestrels, though, males wear blue wings while females have brown wings with black speckling. Their tails also have Saxon, male different patterns, with males American Kestrel having a large black terminal band on the ends of their tail feathers and females having consistent barring down their tail.

Regionally, American Kestrel populations have been declining in recent years and conservation organizations are working on figuring out why. Kestrels are cavity nesters, and throughout Wisconsin, they use human-made nest boxes placed in open grassland areas. This helps scientists have access to study these residents: their diets, body mass, and clutch size can all be monitored to try to uncover what is affecting their populations.

We look forward to traveling throughout Southeastern Wisconsin with our new female and male kestrels, teaching people about this amazing species and things that we can all do to help them in the wild! If you are interested in symbolically adopting either of our American Kestrels, please visit the Raptors section on our website.

Fall 2024 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

EDUCATION

Freyja, female American Kestrel Fall 2024 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

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DEVELOPMENT

History of the Fountain of the Great Lakes EXCERPT FROM A PIECE BY KATHIE ASMUTH

Tucked in a quiet glen east of the Visitor Center off the Veranda, visitors will find a beautiful piece of art titled Fountain of the Great Lakes. This fountain, which possesses an intricate history, was generously donated to Schlitz Audubon Nature Center by members of the Robert C. and William G. Brumder families in memory of William George Brumder (“Bill” 1901-1976).

Bill Brumder was a grandson of George Brumder, who emigrated from Breuschwickersheim, Alsace, about ten miles north of present-day Strasbourg, France, in 1857. George Brumder and his wife, Henrietta were married in 1864 and raised eleven children in Milwaukee, thus founding the large clan of Brumders. He founded the Germania Publishing Company, at one time the largest German language publishing company in the U.S. In 1960, grandson Bill Brumder was President of the First Wisconsin National Bank. He commissioned a fountain to be designed and installed by Dick Wiken, a local artist specializing in architectural sculpture, in the bank’s newly renovated headquarters at 743 N. Water Street in downtown Milwaukee. The fountain was unveiled in May 1961. When the bank moved to its headquarters on Wisconsin Avenue in 1973, the fountain was not reinstalled and was moved several times before being set up in its current home.

Dick Wiken (1913-1985) was a prolific Milwaukee artist whose drawing and sculpting ability was evident early in his life. His formal art training ended in high school. Early in his career, in the

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1930’s, he was employed by the WPA. In addition to the work with the WPA, he was an instructor in sculpture at the Art Institute in Milwaukee at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. His goal was to work with architects to create architectural sculpture, and his work was commissioned for many projects including the Milwaukee Journal Central Plaza, the Milwaukee County Zoo, the Milwaukee Athletic Club, and more. Schlitz Audubon is fortunate to have this fine example of the work of a distinguished Milwaukee artist.

The Center is a great location for this sculptural fountain as it can fulfill its educational purpose, which is to teach about the amazing Great Lakes system. The fountain's intent is to demonstrate the geologic relationship of the Great Lakes and the flow of water from one lake to the other. The artist chose to support the “lakes” with bronze stalks of cattails whose graceful stems and leaves intertwine providing both support and visual interest.

Last year, thanks to a generous donation made through the Greater Milwaukee Foundation's Thekla Brumder Fund, extended family members elected to fortify and further enhance the fountain through the addition of a beautiful stone basin.

View Fountain of the Great Lakes from the Great Hall’s east veranda the next time you visit the Center and reflect on its historical roots, educational message, and legacy.

Fall 2024 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

DEVELOPMENT

On Display: Susan Fink, Birds of the World Visit our Mezzanine Art Gallery through December 31 to view the stunning photography of Susan Fink, Milwaukee native and award-winning photographer, as she presents a collection of photos titled Birds of the World. Susan has been traveling the globe capturing stunning images of raptors in the wild. Since 2022, Susan has traveled to Africa, Australasia, and various locales in the US to capture images of big game, mammals, birds, and flora. She has taken portraits of our resident raptors at Raptors in Focus Photoshoot events and has been featured in our annual Raptor Calendar.

As a nature and wildlife photographer, Susan gravitates towards a close-up perspective to reveal the detail, patterns, texture, complexity, and magnificence of the subject. Susan feels that every living creature (flora and fauna) on this planet is endangered due to climate change. She hopes that through her camera lens, she can share a deeper level of awareness and reverence for nature, ultimately helping to ensure that we all take on a stewardship role in preserving the planet and its inhabitants for generations to come.

In Memory Of

Animal Sponsorships

Bonnie Behee-Semler Robert Amich

Jim Stromski Jeffrey Eineichner

Bebe Berkoff Ann Margolis

Kay Trexall Eileen Druggish LeRoy & Claudia Van Roosenbeek

Fred Dahms Sr. Mary & Mike Fletcher Don Gietzen Ann Fairbairn Neil & Cindy Gleason Luke Groser Jennifer Israel Laurine & Mark Sanders Gene & Elizabeth Simons

In Honor Of Barbara Becker Jeff, Carrie & Jack Becker Andy, Kelly, Drake, Lucy & Everett Becker David Dorn The Dorn Family

Paul Hauer Mark Hauer

Mike & Jane Fox Anonymous

Pauli Jeffers Anonymous

Alan Pohl Andrew Pohl

Carl Liedtke Judith Delahoyde Carol Kotora

Wedding Ceremony Trees

Qiang Ma M. Beth Hammer Jesse & Julia Lemel John & Debbie Pearce Matthew Richmond Aaria & Flip Troiano Tony & Anna Tsai Lixun Zhang & Wei Ma Lil Picard Liz Leshin Arnold Radtke Elizabeth Hayes

Eddie – Ornate Box Turtle In Honor of Minnie the Turtle Sister Joyce Durgerian Gimli – Eastern Screech Owl In Memory of Dianne Neubeck Meridith Mueller Loki – American Crow In Honor of Arleen Klug Jeffrey R. Klug Tallulah – Turkey Vulture In Memory of Hattie Eleanora Herro Michelle Herro Zari – Great Horned Owl Jennifer Schaeflein

In Honor of Janelle Carreon & Brett Rasmussen In Honor of Patrick Engle & Kailey Mortl In Honor of Jak Maliszewski & James Valona In Honor of JT Schmidt & Ashley Weiland

Honorary Trees Anonymous (2)

Gifts listed in this issue were received between 4/1/24 – 6/30/24

Steve Rindo Mary Rindo Fall 2024 | www.schlitzaudubon.org

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Schlitz Audubon Nature Center 1111 East Brown Deer Road Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53217

U.S. Postage

PAID

Milwaukee, WI Permit No. 4168

FALL 2024 PANORAMA

Saturday, November 2 Join our annual celebration of all things raptor!

Visit www.schlitzaudubon.org for details.