Beehive Fences

BEEHIVE FENCES Beehive fences are a series of interlinked beehives connected by wire and built around the outside of a farm to protect crops from elephant raids. The bees also provide honey and pollination services for the farmer.

Did you know that elephants are scared of bees?

Different Hive Designs

Langstroth hive

Kenyan Top Bar hive

Dummy hives “Dummy” beehives help reduce fence costs and help give some distance between bee colonies.

Dummy hives imitate the silhouette of beehives and can help fool elephants approaching the fence.

If elephants attempt to enter the fenced area, they will try to pass through this wire connecting the beehives.

This will pull and jerk the wire. This will cause the beehives to swing, releasing the bees.

Traditional log-hive

1.

Credit: King et al., 2019 Beehive Fence Construction Manual.

MATERIAL CHECKLIST: (to protect 1 acre or 300 metres of fence line) Pliers

Digging Tools

Measuring equipment

15 shades

25kgs of binding wire

25kgs of fencing wire

15 dummy hives

60 posts

15 beehives

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS Measuring

1

Check out the Elephants and Bees Beehive Fence Construction Manual (4th Ed.) for more construction details. www.elephantsandbees.com

2

DIGGING posts

Each post should be 2.5-3 metres long.

The post holes should be dug at least 60cm deep.

identify an area of your farm 1 First, you would like to protect.

2 Construct your beehive fence at the perimeter of this planting area.

3

Measure 7 metres to the start of the next pair of posts, to make a 3-7-3-7 metre arrangement.

3m

7m

3m

20m

2.

Pack in the soil as tightly as possible to ensure the posts are stable.

7m

Posts for hanging beehives and dummies should be 3 metres apart.

There should be one beehive and one dummy hive for every 20 metres of beehive fence.

60cm/ 2 feet

2.5-3 metres

3 Hanging the beehives

4

Shade for your beehives Plywood

Beehives should be hung 1.2-1.5 metres high for easy honey harvesting.

And to be as visible as possible for an approaching elephant.

Thatched

Attach simple binding wire to each corner of the shade and loop around the posts. This will make it easy to adjust the shade if needed.

Wiring together the beehive fence

STEP 1: ATTACHMENT POINTS

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STEP 2: HANGING THE HIVE FROM THE POSTS

2

Cut galvanized fencing wire into 30 cm.

These will be used to hang the beehives) (you will need 4 per each beehive)

3

3.

Shades should be hung 30 cm above the hive for good air circulation.

They can be made from a plywood sheet or thatched from woven sticks and dried grass.

1.2-1.5m

5

Insert these pieces into the attachment points on the corner of the hives.

Shades protect the hive from over-heating, which will cause the bees to leave.

Twist a loop in one end of each piece.

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4 Secure the loops by gently twisting this 2-3 times.

To hang the hive, insert a new piece of galvanized wire through each loop and around the nail on the post. The hive should be suspended approximately 1m above the ground.

a small loop in the wire around halfway 6 Twist between the hive and post. This will be used to hang the shade over the beehive with thinner binding wire.

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STEP 4: LINKING THE MAIN FENCING WIRE CONNECTING ALL THE HIVES TOGETHER

Make sure the wire passes on the inside of the posts.

Do not twist this wire so that when under high strain it will release instead of pulling down the post and beehive.

10 the shade by 7 Suspend connecting these loops to

the holes in the shade using binding wire.

STEP 3: HANGING THE DUMMY HIVE FROM THE POSTS

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Same idea for dummy hives.

Connect the dummy hives to the posts using galvanized wire and twist a small loop approximately halfway along.

Apply the hook and loop design to attach the beehives to the posts.

This will ensure that when elephants push down the fence, the fence wiring will detach and posts will remain intact.

4.

Excessive force from an elephant will release the wire, rather than pulling down the hive.

TIPS FOR MANAGEMENT:

Bees require adequate care to maximize benefits from honey production and sales. Refer to Guide to beekeeping document for tips.

If the beehive is too low to the ground (less than 1.2 metres), it can become vulnerablto predators such as honey badgers.

A complete beehive fence installed in Sagalla, Kenya © Lucy King/Save the Elephants

Weak or unstable posts may fall over in the heavy rain of when the hive is full of honey.

If you can, provide clean water nearby for the bees during the dry season.

Correct and well-maintained wiring is SO important for the fence to work well!

It is important to keep your beehives as clean as possible.

Bees will not want to occupy a hive if there are pests.

Hive inspections in Sagalla, Kenya © Camille Morales

Rubbing fresh beeswax on the bars and rubbing propolis round the entrance may attract passing bees and encourage hive occupation.

Do not cut down indigenous flowering plants bees will feed on.

Some tree species can be cut and replanted. These may regrow roots to create a ‘live’ tree-fence to hang your beehives from.

Caution tips:

Bees are extremely sensitive to the use of pesticides. The use of pesticides in your farm will kill bees and the fence will not deter elephants.

Encourage bees by planting flowering plants and crops.

Dr. Lucy King next to a beehive fence in Sagalla, Kenya

Visit https://beesfordevelopment.org for helpful beekeeping resources

Credits and Disclaimer:

Use protective clothing and always take care when handling bees.

This idea was pioneered and developed by Dr. Lucy King, Elephants and Bees Project, Save the Elephants. More information: elephantsandbees.com.

For literature and resources used, see References. More research may be required before each site-specific implementation. Safety and caution is advised with all the methods presented in this toolbox. Save the Elephants is not liable for any costs, damages or injuries incurred by the use of these methods.

African honeybees are very aggressive and bee stings can be fatal if you are allergic.

Made in Kenya 2023

Beehives need be occupied to be effective as a deterrent method.

Make sure you construct the fence a safe distance from nearby homes, livestock or roads.

Any work on beehives that are occupied should be done at night when it is cooler.

5.

Planting sunflowers is a good idea as bees love them, and elephants do not!

Produced by Save the Elephants

www.savetheelephants.org

Illustrations by Nicola Heath