R&D Studio - Designing Urban Environment - Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

kaleidoscope of grown-up lijnbaan

Satria A. Permana tutor Francesca Rizzetto Abdullah Aldakheelallah

AR1U100 Designing Urban Environments 2022/2023

Fig.1 Two people holding hands in Lijnbaan pedestrian © Satria A. Permana, 2022

kaleidoscope of grown-up lijnbaan

contents summary: Lijnbaan after 70 years imagining the grown-up children

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analysis: shopping domain in urban setting analysis & design progression analysis & design conclusion

8 10 12

design intervention sustainable urban scheme vegetation & surface material pattern principles 1st child: reframing entrances 2nd child: celebrate the hilarity 3rd child: flourish in ruins 4th child: in search of tranquility

14 16 18 19 20 21 22 23

suet conclusion and evaluation evaluation: design possibilities & questions

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reflection references

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The friendship model illustrates the quest of the Team X generation, the international group of architects who in the 1950s believed to be the successors to CIAM, the international movement of modernist architects, for the intermediate scales in urban planning that intermediate between the large scale and abstraction of modernism and the human scale. ...

The Lijnbaan stores were too low, which is not appropriate for an inner city. Moreover, starting in the 1960s, people began to doubt heavily the idea of a City, an inner city dominated by shopping, working and culture with only a small place for living. The low Lijnbaan exerted great attraction on architects and administrators with grand ideas for Rotterdam. But it was only when the retail stock gradually began to change and traditional Rotterdam stores were replaced by chain stores and a certain banality and ordinariness invaded Lijnbaan that concrete proposals for demolition or radical new construction began to appear.

‘The Lijnbaan. Cultuurhistorische verkenning van het Lijnbaan ensemble” Crimson, 2004

Fig.2 Jaap Bakema, “The Friendship Diagram”. © Het Nieuwe Instituut, Rotterdam, Archive of J.B. Bakema.

Lijnbaan

grown-up Lijnbaan

Fig.3 Conceptual summary of grown-up Lijnbaan

summary: Lijnbaan after 70 years imagining the grown-up children Lijnbaan turns 70 this year. Lijnbaan was a monumental invention in the 1950s for its influential car-free shopping street programme and unprecedented building that provided shopping freedom after the bombardment. Many tall towers were built in the years that followed, and the face of Lijnbaan completely changed into brances of chain retails. The dimension intended by Lijnbaan Van den Broek and Jaap Bakema was to create some kind of relationship model between buildings that depicts a family with parents and children interacting with

each other. Crimson, a historian, conducted a historical study in 2004 that resulted in three scenarios for future development. Specifically, as classic, blank slate, and realistic monuments in urban design.[1] In this studio, I took a different approach to reimagining what if Bakema’s relationship model evolved over time, with the children growing up and discovering their own identities while maintaining the relationship in a different way?

[1] Crimson, 2004, ‘The Lijnbaan. Cultuurhistorische verkenning van het Lijnbaan ensemble”

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

2nd child: celebrate the hilarity

rethinking hilarity of shopping experience

1st child: reframing times

framing times, creativity, old, new, etc.

stadhuis

schouwburgplein

3rd child: flourish in ruins

relive development after bombardment

oude binnenweg

4th child: in search of tranquility escape from crowdedness

Fig.4 Schematic summary of conceptual idea

6—7

Various activity happening during the opening of world's first shopping street

s Shopping street have become common, no , more speciality besides historical remembrance And most of them internationa l retail!

Fig.5 Comparative analysis of 50s Lijbaan and current Lijnbaan

analysis: shopping domain in urban setting My first trip to Lijnbaan was in the middle of November, when it was quite cool outside. I was unaware that Lijnbaan was so close to the station. The northern entrance stood adjacent to theatre park.

When you enter the building, you will note its modernist architecture.

Lijnbaan is comprised of an assortment of international retail chain stores, ranging from fast food to fast fashion. I imagined that Lijnbaan, which is located in the heart of centrum, was overshadowed by later developments such as department stores and older areas. Lijnbaan,

which serves as the city’s primary retail district, is less diverse than the department store areas to the south, from which it draws some of its stores. Lijnbaan itself featured a variety of distinctive urban interiors, but its broad streets rendered them unnoticeable. And as a shopping district in the present day, it is difficult to fulfil people’s desires. People felt out of place due to the monotony and uniformity of their shopping experiences. [2] [2] Glaser, Meredith, 2012, The City at Eye Level: Lessons for Street Plinths, Eburon.

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

Identif yin potent g ial featur es o Lijnbaa f n

Fig.6 Features component analysis of Lijnbaan

8—9

Friendship Model Jaap Bakema

low residential density, mostly e hotel, and clos to central station.

be more public!

Residential Function

Height Map

Rethinking Bakema's Build ing Relationship in 2030+.

e

highris

?

?

Unique, Hybrid and diverse

? ?

?

ise

Lowr

Wide Walkable Pathway

central st. binnenrote

chinatown

lijnbaan

beurstraverse

binnenweg

g more Highlightin y of il walkab it and lijnbaan st as cataly er th no a to ns attractio

Commercial Density

Commer cial function is too dense, e speciall y in the a ge of interne t!

Need m ore Altern ative!

Fig.7 Mapping analysis of Lijnbaan urbanism potentials

analysis & design progression To address the challenge, I began with a map-based analysis of the Lijnbaan situation. They clearly demonstrate the intention of Lijnbaan as a public space whose primary function is shopping. Still, Bakema’s interpretation as a relationship model uniquely connects the Lijnbaan valley to the city. However, it cannot compete with other well-known Rotterdam attractions, such as Markthall, which is located nearby the Lijnbaan. In today’s fast-paced world, I believe we lack a sense of intimacy in public space, as described in The City at Eye Level’s

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

section on why city plinth does not work. In Soft City, there were some intriguing experimental principles. For example, to make the Lijnbaan area more intimate, we require more enclosures with diverse functions.

Franscesca proposed an intriguing approach to poetic urban design.

Consequently, I progressed by interpreting what Lijnbaan once was and how it will confront Rotterdam’s expression of boundless innovation.

The City at Eye Level Meredith Glaser, 2012

Make it less boring (TCAEL) � Hybridness make city personal � varied groundfloor � encounter architecture

Subsurface Consideration � Maintain infrastructure � Highlight parts to maintain Soft City David Sim & Jan Gehl 2019

Soft City Principles Layering, Mix� use Building Variety of � Function Concentrated � Small + Large � open closure �

Subsurface map of Lijnbaan

Amsterdam Al Alessandra legories Covini, 20 18

Post War Rotterdam

Poetic approach Observe + � be observed Engage � Curiousity Connecting � oposites Lijnbaan 1958

Fig.8 Design analysis of Lijnbaan urbanism potentials

10 — 11

highlight vegetation lines open ground visual connector

1st child, cultural celebration theater-stadhuis mutual relator

2nd child, adventurous shopping conventional + online totem

3rd child, historical celebration monument of ruins and bombardment

4th child, slow shopping rest in the city forest

functional mobility people, bike, vehicle, logistics

L

P

P

L

CAR

P

TRAM

TS

P

CAR P

TRAM

TS

P

CAR

CAR

Fig.9 Operative design strategy

analysis & design conclusion The phases of design are separated by six operational principles.

Considering the subsurface potentials, the first step is to improve ecosystem quality by repaving surfaces and creating open soil and plantable areas. Second, give each Lijnbaan neighbourhood its own distinct personality, as I did as an adult child. To do so, existing plan and infrastructure must be taken into account. Important in this case is the reuse of the Lijnbaan basement for logistics transport and water storage. Retain a portion of the building as a historical landmark and

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

redevelop Lijnbaan as an experiment. Today, building relationships involved not only forms, but also the ground and subsurface. Adding intimacy elements to the design are a series of ground-level visual connections. Since each component has its own purpose, such as emergency situations, there were no significant changes to the mobility section. The only modification was the centralisation of logistics for Lijnbaan.

rotterdam make it happen creative hub

residential

mixed conventional shopping building

logistic service

residential

preserved part of lijnbaan

ground for office

underground gallery/ museum integrated online shop totem

vegetation lines

lines to culture (schouwburgplein)

lines to history (stadhuis)

little forrest

shopping park little forrest

ruins monument

Art & Cultural Domain

natural organic lines

Preserved Shopping Domain Reimagined Shopping District Vacant/Office/Commercial Residential Public Space Domain Fig.10 Urban design program of Lijnbaan area

12 — 13

Building

Maintain relationship beween buildings

Various building redevelopment, open more soil space

Biodiversity invitation through plantation

Landscape

Perforative repaving, open more green space Building relationship with older part to Lijnbaan

Centralised logistic distribution through reuse and reconect the underground.

Subsurface

Water tunnel from watersingel

Reuse the basement as stormwater storage (for plants, recharge, flood detention)

Water tunnel to Steigersgracht Fig.11 Elaboration of building-landscape-subsurface programmes

design intervention The design attempts to integrate building, landscape, and subsurface programmes into a single ecosystem. Architecture cannot exist apart from its context, and redesigning context remains a significant challenge. It necessitates considerations for existing structures and elements, how to reuse them, and how to manage flow transitions. For the surface landscape, I propose gradually repaving the pathway to make it porous and allow for more greenery space. As a result, it will heal the soil and create more space for water to recharge.

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

The second factor to consider is keeping visual interaction from another context, such as an old area, as one system. To highlight the poetic approach of grown-up Lijnbaan, the area has been divided into four sections, with free access from anywhere. There will be no more single monotonous axis line. Nonetheless, the design language preserves a collection of lines embedded in the design process.

central station

stadhuis

reframing times

framing times, creativity, old, new, etc.

celebrate the hilarity

rethinking hilarity of shopping experience

schouwburgplein flourish in ruins

relive rebuilt after bombardment

in search of tranquility

escape from crowdedness

oude binnenweg

150 m Fig.12 Masterplan of Grown-up Lijnbaan

14 — 15

Ginkgoaceae ginkgo biloba

Fraxinus pennsylvanica red ash/green ash

Elaeagnus angustifoliared oleaster

opening groundfloor area as visual connector

permeable pavements

roots as water recharger stormwater charger

stormwater drain communication gas electricity sewer

fresh water

solar pv farm

stormwater catchment

residential

little forrest

buffer office/commercial

sustainable urban scheme Bakema believes that an individual’s living environment must be shaped as part of the community. He emphasised the significance of the transition and interweaving of the building’s structure with the structure of the city. [3] However, the growing awareness of sustainability highlights the significance of subsurface consideration in design. Subsurface served as the city’s engine room,[4] and it wasn’t just about putting greens everywhere. In this scheme, I investigate how buildings and landscapes can collaborate to create a more

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

sustainable ecosystem. Water plays an important role in the scheme, from stormwater to greywater, which is reused for plants and recharged underground. Solar photovoltaic energy helps achieve less energy for powering (at least) the Lijnbaan park area. Greeneries were planted on soil with less infrastructure beneath it.

[3] Nagtegaal, Tim, (2021), The survival and resurrection of a “Bakema-experiment” in an Amsterdam garden city. Docomomo 65.

[4] Hooimeijer, Fransje & Maring, Linda. (2018). The significance of the subsurface in urban renewal. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability.

Elaeagnus angustifoliared oleaster

Fraxinus pennsylvanica red ash/green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica red ash/green ash

existing Lijnbaan as shopping monument

permeable pavements permeable pavements

stormwater drain

refunctioning basement as logistics transportation

refunctioning basement as recharge pit roots as water recharger

stormwater drain

communication gas electricity fresh water

sewer

solar pv farm

residential

compact shopping

reuse water for plants

line shopping

buffer shopping park

office/commercial greywater treatment

solar pv

greywater

reuse for plants

water harvest

lightning + sensor

stormwater basin

online totem

water treatment

lightning + sensor

water storage Fig.13 Sustainable scheme in series of sections

16 — 17

20m

15-35m 8-12m

Gingko Biloba Maidenhair

Elaegnus Angustifolia Oleaster

Fraxinus Pennsylvanica Red Ash, Green Ash

25m

10-20m

5-8m

Tilia tomentosa ‘Doornik’ Tiliaceae

Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven

Malus ‘Evereste’ Flowering Crab

Fig.14 Choices of vegetation and ecosystem consideration

vegetation & surface material The variety of vegetation is important to support the sustainability scheme. The vegetation will aid the biodiversity process by attracting birds and butterflies and creating a mutual relationship with human life.

Especially in the congested central district of Rotterdam. As a result, I researched the species possibilities, such as which trees are resistant to climate change, which trees can provide animal shelter, and which trees are suitable for paving. [5] It is preferable to use neutral material

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

pavement in addition to improving subsurface soil health. Particularly to allow water to be absorbed quickly underground. In this case, I divided the desired material character into four parts, beginning with porous pavement and progressing to aggregate and grass.

[5] Van den Berk Trees Collection. https://www.vdberk.com/trees/

presence of water

presence of vegetation

reflective elements

celebrate ruins

celebrate nature

celebrate underground

aggregate and shells

mix function + compactness

multi layered

advanturous

open paving patterns

pop-up elements

frame & sequence

open plan

porous bricks

open-joint brick

Fig.15 Choices of surface materials

Fig.16 Series of design pattern principles

pattern principles Alexander never promoted design as a collage; instead, he saw patterns as a complex interaction between humans and their surroundings. Alexander simplifies narrative pattern components into language that most people can understand. [x] Learning from this, I investigated some spatial patterns that could be used in developing poetic elements for the adult Lijnbaan area.

[6] Alexander C, Ishikawa S, Silverstein M (1977) A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction. Oxford University Press, New York.

18 — 19

let’s have lunch together in Lijnbaan, there is also a performance happening!

1st child: reframing entrances The first child is concerned with rethinking the entrances. This section will serve as a link between adjacent functions, such as Schouwburgplein and the City Hall. This area’s personality envisions the existing building as a flexible pop-up creative space that can accommodate any Rotterdam event. Supporting the “make it happen” campaign, for example.

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

Fig.17 Design program: first child

easy peasy! just input your data in the display monitor in front of it! or you can scan it through your phone

I just know that couch displayed is suitable for my new garden! how can I have it?

material + trees

2nd child: celebrate the hilarity This section will reimagine the shopping experience in a new way. Situated in the middle of an open park with trees, the shopping experience is reimagined through the use of online shop totems that are scattered throughout the area. This totem is inspired by the Lijnbaan display device, which was used to fill Lijnbaan, and integrates it with internet communication technology, as trends are gradually shifting toward online services these days. However, the traditional shop still remains, reimagined in stacked building and preserved Lijnbaan one.

Fig.18 Design program: second child

20 — 21

heal the world... make it a better place for you and for me, and the entire human race...

3rd child: flourish in ruins In this section, the most dire possible outcome is shown. What if we could preserve the destroyed part of Lijnbaan to portray the situation of bombardment that occurred in Rotterdam many years ago, rather than completely demolish it and rebuild as a new? One-of-a-kind spatial quality concealed within a convenient shopping park experience; conveys hidden message about the ugliness of war.

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

Fig.19 Design program: third child

if you care enough for the living... make a better place for you and for me...

4th child: in search of tranquility Last but not least, this section will serve as a mental sanctuary.

Despite its location in the middle of a busy department store, the space manages to make visitors pause and think about their lives. A barrier made of reflective material is used to lift a section of nature off the ground, thereby creating an element of nature that seems to float above the street. The water tunnel beneath connecting the watersingel canal to another canal in the eastern part before Markthall.

Fig.20 Design program: fourth child

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Diverse Mix Residential + Office acce ity ss prese ible p e centr nce of destria al are facilit n ies a

siv

Culture & Local Celebration inclu

incl

lth hea uality

acce usivity s pres sible p e e centr nce of destria n fa al ar ea cilities

ity activ ical air q for phys area e is no

vity l acti sica air q for phy a are e nois

lth hea uality

d sint rit ry a di w he cto lo tisfa sa

s

ltie

ua

t nt enme y on rsit ial vir diivteyidentle nnm

xte tia pe ns decent chain rn l fl supply al p sa ood ace fe less culture ty cas less locality

Open Public Park

Utilise Energy in High Building

climate & water

e t po cen y circularity e ten t o

n irgoe pheicrsd resntsieanc ulatio nlvivdienimcodgtreaigvreaitsteaigdeepraneirccirec tion e h y in r r a e r e g l is

low presence of water low stormwater catchment controlled emission poluted surface soil

d

sa fe

in rap d edw h farcteos cu liv emog egratalogsaetisp ir cir d sint rit ry a di w he cto lo tisfa sa

Diverse Mix Residential + Office

Culture & Local Celebration

Diverse Mix Residential + Office Energy in High Building PavorousUtilise Park & Corridor

decent supply chain less culture less locality

Culture & Local Celebration

Green Roofscape & Corridor

Open Public Park

climate & water

circularity

n sim sine atio s bu ern ea ar int le ab al) y ach ict loc nit in re distr (less rtu res de ds po sto tra ran opmilar ess & nal b si sin atio bu ern int

low presence of water low stormwater catchment controlled emission poluted surface soil

Pavorous Park & Corridor

Green Roofscape & Corridor

climate & water

low presence of water low stormwater catchment

na

ila ss

al

y ach ict loc nit in re distr (less rtu res de ds po r sto & tra bran ab

le

t

vari ficient u rgy perf nne ene

igh energ g he r rgy eneety buildinse of solaormance

al)

ea ar

s

acce s

Green Roofscape & Corridor

y)

) ight energy g he r rgy ene ty buildinse of solaormance varie ficient u rgy perf e (inn ient ene c suffi

lo tu controlled emission lo w bio re po w gr div & g or ee er rpoluted surface soil gr n s sity een ee pa n c ce on ne ctio n

acc(iesufficient ss

goo ibil d suffi pedestr ity c pub ient sig ian acc ess n li low c transp age e centr mission ort al sta tra tion nsport

sibil goo d suffi pedest ity c ri pub ient sig an acc ess n li low c transp age e centr mission ort al st tr atio ansport n

Pavorous Park & Corridor

na t

lo u lo w bi re po w gr odiv & g or ee er re gr n s sity en ee pa n c ce on ne cti on

Utilise Energy in High Building

op

Open Public Park

na

lo tu lo w bi re po w gr odiv & g or ee er re gr n s sity en ee pa n c ce on ne cti on

Blue-green Corridor

Solar Energy Farming Community Central Park

Blue-green Corridor

Lijnbaan Roofscape

Blue-green Corridor Water Retention Park

acce s

safety health inclusivity living environment

people

planet

prosperity

project

climate & water nature & green energy

accessibility opportunity circularity

diverse typology culture & local celebration natural and renewal optimisation

planet

) ight energy g he r rgy ene buildinse of solaormance y t varie ficient u rgy perf e (inn ient ene c suffi

people

sib goo i d l suffi pedestr ity c pub ient sig ian acc ess li c tran nage lo w sp e centr mission ort al sta tra tion nsport

water reen

nt n

in rap ed res cul liv emog egratage p ir cir

Sustainability Assesment &safety Projection in Lijnbaan climate & water health nature & green inclusivity energy living environment

prosperity

project

accessibility opportunity circularity

diverse typology 5020344 culture & local celebration Retention naturalWater and renewal optimisation Park

Satria A. Permana

Solar Energy Farming

Sustainability Assesment & Projection in Lijnbaan prosperity project accessibility opportunity circularity

in

re gr circ ey u wa lat te e r

te g

ra te d

pi

pe

lin

es

wa ope te n r fi sp ltr ac at e io n

so l in ar e fra ne st rg ru y ct for ur e

Green + Blue Facades

Lijnbaan Roofscape

Satria A. Permana 5020344 Blue-green Corridor

diverse typology culture & local celebration natural and renewal optimisation

Satria A. Permana 5020344

Projection Scheme Regenerative Roof Scape

suet conclusion and evaluation

As part of Sustainable Urban Engineering Teritory (SUET), I illustrate a scheme of natural corridors supplemented by solar energy farming on the rooftops of taller buildings generate additional open space within the structure. When we zoom in on the cross-section, we will be able to see how the surface and subsurface support one another. Repaving the Lijnbaan street with geotextile so that water may be absorbed without causing it to become soggy. Redevelop the corridor’s middle section into a park. And utilise the roof space to create a roof landscape.

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

Fig.21 SUET conlusions Satria A. Permana 5020344

I analysed the status quo outcome in the ENVI-met scheme and selected a location with a higher average temperature, open space between the tram line and department store area. Using the design strategy, the fourth kid, to reorganise public space to be more naturefriendly resulted in a five-degree temperature drop. This can be accomplished by planting trees while still allowing wind to circulate and by modifying the material to ideally absorb and release heat, in this case by greening facades and repaving.

Status-quo ENVIMET Result

Notes: � High temperatur e open spac Figure 1: Rotterdam_Run2 e � Less 14.00.01 21.06.2022 biodiversit y x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.5000 m) feature

Figure 1: Rotterdam_Run2 14.00.01 21.06.2022

PET

PET below 22.00 °C

below 22.00 °C

22.00 to 26.00 °C

22.00 to 26.00 °C

26.00 to 30.00 °C

26.00 to 30.00 °C

30.00 to 34.00 °C

30.00 to 34.00 °C

34.00 to 38.00 °C

Y (m)

Y (m)

x/y Cut at k=2 (z=1.5000 m)

34.00 to 38.00 °C

38.00 to 42.00 °C

38.00 to 42.00 °C

42.00 to 46.00 °C

42.00 to 46.00 °C

46.00 to 50.00 °C

46.00 to 50.00 °C

50.00 to 54.00 °C

50.00 to 54.00 °C

above 54.00 °C

above 54.00 °C

Min: 28.20 °C Max: 56.29 °C

Min: 28.20 °C Max: 56.29 °C

N

Design Simulated ENVIMET Result

X (m)

N

30-50 oC

33 Notes: � Presence of water, soil, trees help s to reduce temperatur e. � Opening ar ea for air flow

X (m)

*projected spatial quality

30-43 oC

Fig.22 ENVIMET analysis result

24 — 25

evaluation: design possibilities & questions Today, Lijnbaan is a regular shopping street that people only visit to shop or pass through. Moreover, multinational brands now dominate the area and contribute less value than in the past.

There is no compelling reason to travel to Lijnbaan. People travel to Roermond solely to visit its renowned brand outlet, similarly to how the city centre emptied in Roermond. We must reconsider what Lijnbaan is and what it ought to be. As a result, I developed a poetic approach to the mature Lijnbaan as the evolution of an interactive and intimate design scheme. Thus, I am able to utilise user experience to interact with the value of public space in a libertarian manner.

As evaluation, I ran an all-day ENVI-met simulation that produced significant results on the previous page. I was surprised by the outcome, which demonstrated that vegetation and surface materials play a significant role in the cooling of an area. In addition, these natural systems will produce a pleasant ecosystem for humans and animals.

Lijnbaan

grown-up Lijnbaan

To conclude my design, I will pose a follow-up question that reflects my thoughts after completing the scheme. What if a portion of the city, such as the central area (near the central station), became the city’s lobby gallery? The totem display device was just one example of how we can collage entire city potential in one place, therefore the visitor could engage more to the parts they interested in.

Fig.23 Postcard of questioning reasons to visit Lijbaan

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

what if central area (close to central station) become a lobby gallery for entire city?

Display device

Gallery park

Connecting district area

Fig.24 Reflective question of how this program related to the city

26 — 27

reflection This project was started by creating a postcard. At that time, I still do not know what to do about Lijnbaan. Educated in architecture school, taught me lot of small scale, and this project requires me to zoom in and out through scales to create a sustainable urban environment, which have many consideration. As I have read about article posted in Brightspace about artist limitation in city design, I realised what to include in constructing space that have another value. Supported by examples Franscesca gave to me with poetic project, inspired me to define a design statement I never tried before. Of course, Rotterdam’s context of freedom experimental design also supporting my idea. Otherwise, I will lit a big fire in the middle of silence.

I need to go all the way back to 1962, when Rachel Carson exposed the dangers of using chemical pesticides in agriculture, to fully grasp the sustainability process at SUET. Researchers Rebecca Harrell Tickell and Josh Tickell present their findings in their upcoming documentary Kiss the Ground (2020), in which they argue that we could switch from exploitative farming to regenerative agriculture in order to improve soil quality and more responsibly rebalance carbon levels. Maibritt Pedersen Zari (2018) noted the importance of regenerative design in the field of design, arguing that it seeks to heal the degradation of the ecosystem through the management and attainment of optimal interactions between human and non-human life, and the delivery of beneficial outcomes. To do this, we must consider the built environment as a single interconnected ecosystem, where all parts influence and are affected by each other in a feedback loop, leading to a healthy metabolic balance.

Therefore, in order to attain sustainability goals in urban areas, input from every level of society is required. In my view, sustainable urban development entails incorporating elements of the natural ecosystem into the built environment and the social and economic interactions amongst its inhabitants. We are tasked with learning how a circular metabolic system operates in the design and implementation stages, as in nature there is no waste and all organic nutrients are used for new development both above and below ground. William McDonough (1992) developed a set of design principles for interacting with the natural world, including: insisting on the rights of humanity and nature; recognising interdependence; respecting the relationship between spirit and matter; assuming responsibility for the consequences of the design decision; creating safe objects of long-term value; eliminating the concept of waste; relying on natural energy flows; and comprehending the limitations of design.

To summarise in the Dutch context, I was inspired by many projects during the lecture session and firm visit that combined design and research to produce some design ideas. I am grateful for the opportunity to learn urbanism and see examples of what I have learned directly in the city context. I’d like to thank Franscesca and Abdullah for tutoring us, as well as all of my classmates in this year’s Urbanism class.

references Notes 1. Crimson, 2004, ‘The Lijnbaan. Cultuurhistorische verkenning van het Lijnbaan ensemble” 2. Glaser, Meredith, 2012, The City at Eye Level: Lessons for Street Plinths, Eburon.

3. Nagtegaal, Tim, (2021), The survival and resurrection of a “Bakema-experiment” in an Amsterdam garden city.

Docomomo 65.

4. Hooimeijer, Fransje & Maring, Linda. (2018). The significance of the subsurface in urban renewal. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability.

5. Van den Berk Trees Collection. https://www.vdberk.com/ trees/ 6. Alexander C, Ishikawa S, Silverstein M (1977) A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction. Oxford University Press, New York.

Inspirative References 1. Jaab Bekema (1953) Lijnbaan 2. Bernard Tschumi (1982) Park La Villette‘s “Folies” 3. Allesandra Covini (2018) Amsterdam Allegories 4. Donna van Milligen Bielke (2014) Cabinet of Curiousities 5. Water Sensitive Urban Design 6. Kjellander Sjöberg (2018) Urban Planning for Gottsunda

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan

Kaleidoscope of Grown-up Lijnbaan 2023 © Satria A. Permana tutor Francesca Rizzetto Abdullah Aldakheelallah 28 — 29