Ananas featured in LAF

菲律宾阿纳纳斯新社区总体规划 —以整体性食物系统方式 改善人居环境与社会可持续性

收稿时间 RECEIVED DATE: 2016-07-10 中图分类号 / TU984 文献标识码 / B

MASTER PLAN FOR ANANAS NEW COMMUNITY IN THE PHILIPPINES — A HOLISTIC FOOD SYSTEMS APPROACH TO HABITAT ENHANCEMENT AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Sasaki设计事务所 / Sasaki

项目概述

受污染。 为了应对这些挑战，阿纳纳斯社区总

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中央公园中的公共集市 为农民 提 供 了 售 卖 、 展示当地农产品的场 所。产自当地的农产 品 被端上了当地的餐 桌，保障了农民及他们 家人的生活。 A public market in the central park allows farmers to sell and showcase local produce.

Produce sold on site and used in local restaurants is locally grown and harvested, preserving the lifeline of local farmers and their families.

景观设计学 / 主题实践

近几十年来，菲律宾经历了持续的经济

体规划旨在突破传统，对农田、自然系统和

和人口增长。据官方统计数据显示，菲律宾

城市开发用地进行重新构建，创建一种大胆

预计将在未来35年内新增5 000万人口，这

的城市生活新范式。为了彰显菲律宾的文化

将使得像马尼拉这样的已然高度拥挤和快速

和生态传统，这一新的设想以不断演进的城

扩张的大都市面临更大的压力。这种增长是

市地区为背景，力图创造一个能够为更可持

以牺牲农业用地和自然系统为代价的，使遗

续的区域性食品网络提供积极支持的生态系

留给子孙后代的粮食和水供给的现有社区生

统，并确保关键性的生态系统服务供给。

命线受到了威胁。 在当地快速发展的景观中，功能单一的

项目场地与背景

封闭式社区随处可见。由于公共坏境的普遍 缺失以及步行连通性的限制，这里的居民不

西朗市地处甲米地省，位于马尼拉以南

得不 每 日 开 车 去 获 取 他 们 的 日 常 所 需 。 在

约35k m，是远离都市炎热与拥堵的度假胜

许多这样的城市开发新区中，除了存在农

地。该地区位于一个熔岩高原之上，海拔比

业用地丧失的问题外，对于当地生态的忽视

马尼拉高200m，当地气候宜人，被菲律宾农

也加剧了地区性水供给和渔业问题—地下

业部认定为保障马尼拉食品供给的重要“菜

水不断消耗，当地河流、湖泊和沿海水域遭

篮子”地区之一。

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES

摘要 像世界上许多正在发展的大都市地区一样，马尼拉的经 济增长是以牺牲农业用地和水资源质量为代价的，这导致该地 区现有社区赖以生存的资源受到了威胁。阿纳纳斯社区代表 了一种非传统的城市开发方式，其旨在保护这些极为关键的资 源，并彰显菲律宾的农业、社会和生态传统，为歌颂社区团结 与合作的“百雅尼汉”精神予以了全新诠释。 关键词 农业街区；生态设计；总体规划；菲律宾；社会和经济效益 ABSTRACT Like many growing metropolitan areas worldwide, Manila’s growth comes at the expense of agricultural land and water quality, compromising the lifeline resources of the region’s existing communities. Ananas represents an alternative approach to urban development that aspires to secure these vital resources while celebrating the agricultural, social, and ecological heritage of the Philippines and its “bayanihan” spirit of communal unity and cooperation in a contemporary and innovative manner.

KEY WORDS Agricultural Neighborhoods; Ecological Design; Master Plan; The Philippines; Social and Economic Benefits 译 田乐 TRANSLATED BY Tina TIAN

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阿纳纳斯（意为“菠萝”）正如其名， 项目地址： 菲律宾西朗市 项目面积： 247hm2 项目委托： ACM住宅开发公司 城市设计、景观设计与规划： Sasaki设计事务所 项目团队： Dennis Pieprz、Victor Eskinazi、Ponnapa Prakkamakul、Mary Anne Ocampo、Justin Garrison、 Lachlan Hicks、Anthony Fettes、叶琳、谷自 设计时间： 2015年1~5月 所获奖项： 2016美国规划协会皮埃尔·朗方国际规划成就奖 2016波士顿景观设计师协会分析与规划类荣誉奖 LOCATION: Municipality of Silang, Philippines AREA (SIZE): 247 hm2 CLIENT: ACM Homes URBAN DESIGN, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING: Sasaki PROJECT TEAM: Dennis Pieprz, Victor Eskinazi, Ponnapa Prakkamakul, Mary Anne Ocampo, Justin Garrison, Lachlan Hicks, Anthony Fettes, Lin Ye, Zi Gu DESIGN PERIOD: January ~ May 2015 AWARDS: 2016 Pierre L'Enfant International Planning Achievement Award, American Planning Association 2016 Honor Award for Analysis and Planning, Boston Society of Landscape Architects

15 meter protection buffer to minimize disturbance and potential for slope failure 15m宽的保护缓冲带将最大程度地降 低人工扰动和山体滑坡发生的几率

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场地位于依兰-依兰河流 域，成为了连通塔尔湖 上缘地区和马尼拉湾的 狭长纽带。尽管今天上 游流域以交织的森林和 农田为特色，但未来的 开发将对排入马尼拉湾 的水质造成极大影响。 附近的开发社区通常缺 乏高品质的公共空间和 场所感，也无法提供就 业机会。阿纳纳斯社区 的总体规划提供了一种 与之不同的解决方案， 试图突破传统，重建农 田和城市开发用地间的 关系。

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The site is within the Ylang-Ylang River watershed draining from the upper rim of Taal Lake in a narrow band to Manila Bay. While a mix of forest and agriculture characterizes the upper watershed today, future development can greatly impact the water quality draining into Manila Bay. Neighboring developments have a poor public realm and lack a sense of place.

They are disconnected from employment opportunities.

Alternatively, Ananas seeks to reconfigure traditional relationships between farmland and urban development.

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Ecological preservation and water quality protection

周边地区（西侧）

Developable land Slopes less than 40% 可开发的土地 坡度小于40% 2-1

积为247hm ，地处高势，阳光充足，土壤排

阿纳纳斯社区总体规划设计框架的制定

系列的盆地、洼地和雨水滞留池。这些滞留

水条件良好。由于场地上还种植着其他几种

基于对场地的生态系统、当地农业，以及城

池能够减缓雨水流速，并使雨水经过滤后下

经济作物，土壤条件和可用水资源限制了密

市形态下生物气候条件的尊重与针对性的整

渗，这将有助于改善地表水质量、补给当地

集型农业生产。当地的热带草原气候使得季

合。通过对场地及其背景的详细分析和对当

的地下蓄水层。

节性降雨特征非常显著，种植与收割周期基

地系统的调查，设计团队积极地探索了将场

在一系列25m宽的线性花园中，面积为

本上与季风变化相一致，以利用雨季的集中

地再生潜能最大化的机遇。最终的设计框架

8.3hm2的“传粉路径”通过叠加多种功能，

降水进行灌溉。

建立了一个多功能的、高度连通的开放空间

进一步完善了开放空间网络。考虑到场地的

尽管场地大部分时间都处于无雨状态，

系统，其将促进步行和自行车骑行，使得社

地形和季风情况，街道格局与相应的传粉路

但水对当地的景观地貌还是带来了重要影

区与社区、社区与自然之间相互连通。除了

径设计为西南-东北走向。传粉路径的间距皆

响。数条流经天然灌木林和人工果木种植林

对当地的微气候进行管理并建立多样化的、

在步行距离5分钟内，以促进空气流动，从而

的小型河流还充当着周边农田及村庄的排水

相互连通的开放空间网络（包括斑块、节点

提高户外的舒适性，并有助于减少建筑物和

通道。虽然位于乡村未开发地区，但农业生

和廊道等形式），修复后的自然区域和文化

街区尺度的能源需求。这些花园廊道的走向

产和开发还是使场地的地表水出现了严重的

空间也凸显了场地与众不同的特色和潜能，

顺应了场 地 的 地 貌 走 势 ， 其 核 心 设 计 理 念

浊化和污染问题。尽管大多河流向西汇入了

为该区域所面临的问题提供了以设计和生态

是促进滞留雨水、增加有机物以及景观中

哈兰河，但哈兰河与依兰-依兰河在火山岩层

为本的解决方案。

的营养物含量。

地貌上各自冲刷出一条40m深的南北走向的

基于地形和水文分析，坡度大于40%的

除了能够带来生态效益外，传粉路径

溪谷（界定了阿纳纳斯的东西边界），并一

地区和确定的水道被保护起来，并建立缓冲

也是社区开放空间和公共领域的一个重要组

路向北奔涌至菲律宾受损最严重的水体—

区域：在溪谷的顶部设立了一条15m宽的缓

成部分。方案中设计了各种大小和布局的地

马尼拉湾。鉴于当地人口高度密集、污水处

冲带，沿水道的内部中心线设立一条30m宽

块，以支持不同类型的农业耕作，包括住宅

理设施缺乏，且对灰色基础设施依赖严重，

的缓冲带。作为该总体规划中景观基础设施

花园、社区支持型农业活动、由农场直接供

许多传统的土地开发使得与水相关的问题愈

系统的重要组成部分，这些区域将场地内外

应原料的餐厅，以及当地有机农业合作社。

加复杂，损害了居民的生活质量，破坏了该

敏感脆弱的滨河地带及其周边的高地区域连

倡导多样化用地形式的初衷是铺设规划蓝

地区的生态安全。

接在了一起，将促进当地的生态和水资源质

图，以将这些关键性的开放空间充分地融入

Metro Manila

Site rivers discharge into Manila Bay 2.

有新增的娱乐设施与连通性外，还包括了一

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Adjacent site (West)

不稳定的陡坡坡度超过40% 密集的植被覆盖对于保护地表而言非常关键， 缓冲区和坡地适宜开展一些主动式娱乐活动

量的提升。这些区域作为生态廊道，除了拥

拥有菠萝种植的理想环境条件。项目场地面

生态保护及水质保护

Steep, unstable slopes exceeding 40% Dense vegetative cover is essential for protection; both buffer and slopes are suitable for some active recreational uses

设计框架

马尼拉都市区

流经场地的河流 汇入马尼拉湾

Laguna de Bay

DEV

健康生活

现有发展模式

开

ELO发 PME

贝湖

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HEALTHY LIV

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CURRENT PARADIGM

Halang River 哈兰河

Ylang-Ylang River 依兰-依兰河

平衡的开

BALANCED发方式 APPROACH

基础设施

Watershed divide

INFRASTRUC TURE

流域分水线

Site location 场地所在地 Lake Taal

工业

Y

TR INDUS

塔尔湖

UCTION MODEL NEW PROD 新型生产模式 TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE 迈向可持续的未来

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景观设计学 / 主题实践

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES

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OR T 径 NA 路

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5 min Walk 步行5分钟范围

Pollinator paths — linear community gardens — are oriented to capture cooling winds. Every resident has access to an agricultural plot within a five-minute walk.

Ecological corridors retain the natural hydrologic function of existing ravines, responding to the intense annual rainfall and topography of the site.

Integrated framework.

The plan celebrates the agricultural, social, and ecological heritage of the site. It draws from essential elements of Filipino culture to cultivate — within the context of an evolving urban district — an ecosystem that actively supports a more sustainable regional food network.

场地在自然扰动的情况下具有更高的稳定 性和更快速的功能性恢复能力。 8

合作与社区参与 阿纳纳斯社区总体规划是设计团队、 委托方、西朗市长及政府官员密切而持续合

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作的成果。在愿景规划的整个过程中，设计 团队就专业知识、建设承载力，以及对该地

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区未来发 展 的 设 想 等 方 面 与 当 地 官 员 进 行 10

了交流。通过在菲律宾进行的几次协商会

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议，设计团队为这个新社区建立了发展原

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则和目标，突显了场地的农业传统，保护

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并 提 升 了 当 地 极 具 特 色 的 冲 积沟壑和河流 廊道，维持了场地的可达性和连接性，并在

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当代语境下对以菲律宾（歌颂社区团结与合 作的）“百雅尼汉”精神为代表的当地文化 14

价值予以了全新诠释。除了与当地社区开展

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在设计传粉路径这种线状 社区花园时，其朝向设计 旨在引入凉风。居民可在 5分钟内步行到达农业用 地。生态廊道保留了现有 溪谷的天然水文功能，可 应对每年的强降雨及地质 问题。 项目整体框架。该规划彰 显了场地的农业、社会及 生态传统。它汲取了菲律 宾文化中的重要元素，在 不断发展的城市区域构建 了一个能够促进本土食品 生产更加可持续发展的生 态系统。

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合作外，愿景规划过程还得到了马尼拉天文 台的支持，作为专注于菲律宾及东南亚

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大气和地球科学的研究机构，其为该地 14

区气候变 化 造 成 的 影 响 和 设 计 挑 战 提 供

OR PATHS POLLINA粉T路径

了 指 导。

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阿纳纳斯被设想为一个适宜步行、自行车骑

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行及强调公共交通优先的开放社区，通过生

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与该地区许多已投入开发的项目不同，

传

机勃勃的公共空间促进充满活力的社交互 动。一个公共空间网络（包括公园，广场， 宽阔的、种满植被的人行道）将增强场地的 公共领域，并将农业转变为一种集体体验。

市场。中央公园作为区域性目的地和文化中

与此同时，这种新的都市农业形式能够使已

心，为当地经济开发创造更多的机遇。

居住在此的农民继续在这里耕作，同时也可 以指导新居民进行生物密集型有机农业

研究、创新与弹性

实践。

增加整合被动式设计的潜能。

连通性，并为人们提供交流空间。该总体规

委托方和设计团队积极关注基于社区的

划整合了公共场所、住宅、市政、教育、零

农业和粮食安全问题，在远景规划过程中对

售及服务等功能，在这个整体化的新社区中

生物密集型有机农业进行了更多的研究。在

创造各种中心和节点空间。菲律宾人民希望

认识到场地上目前种植的每年都可采收的经

居住地能为环境和生活产生积极影响，而方

传粉路径沿路相关的土地利用和相关项

早在项目设计过程中，设计团队就利用

济作物及两年一熟的农作物的局限性和脆弱

案则很好的回应了这一愿景。方案还提出了

目将为当地居民和游客提供共享空间。通过

数字三维模型对风效应和热舒适性进行了模

性后，关于替代性实践的研究衍生出一种更

一系列城市设计原则，以确保建筑物与公共

开展与社区、农业和烹饪相关的活动，使他

拟。研究结果为设计团队打破传统的线性住

加综合、更加全面、基于社区的农业设计

空间和谐统一，从而营造一种更加强烈的社

们有机会接触和了解当地的美食和农业。作

宅布局、选用一种更加铰接式的布局提供了

思路和建议。这些想法和建议包括：加强

区感。

为菲律宾文化中不可或缺的一部分，学校、

指导。这种铰接式的住宅布局配合街道与开

住宅建筑和景观系统之间的互动，以减少

通过对西朗市各地的农场、文化和教

社区中心、餐厅和市场被设置在毗邻传粉路

放空间的走向，更利于引入凉风，促进对流

灌溉需求；采取季节性轮作；提高种植多

育机构、咖啡馆和餐厅进行深入了解，阿纳

径的地方，以鼓励公民参与。方案在社区的

通风，并降低风洞效应发生的可能。据初步

样性以支持传粉过程和害虫的生物防治。

纳斯社区总体规划将促进技能和知识的交

核心地带设计了一个中央公园，用以提供娱

估算，这种布局能够大大改善户外舒适度、

除了策略性的精简之外，通过加强结构和

流，吸引所有的社区成员参与到终身学习和

乐和活动空间，及供当地农民展销农产品的

显著提高开发能源效率，减少降温成本，并

生态多样性，这种生物密集型方法可以使

公民活动当中。随着对极具重要意义的农业

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250

500m N 14

COMMUNITY ORIENTED PROGRAM 社区导向型设施 1

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3

4

CULTURAL HUB 文化中心 CENTRAL PARK 中央公园 CHILDREN’S MUSEUM 儿童博物馆 INDOOR SPORTS CENTER 室内体育中心

5 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

农业研究中心 6 SCHOOL

学校 7 FARMER’S MARKET

农民集市 8 MIXED-USE NODES

混合功能节点

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UNIVERSITY CENTER 大学中心 NATURE CENTER 自然中心 CULINARY SCHOOL 烹饪学校 FOOD HUB 食品中心

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NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER 街区中心 POLLINATOR PATHS 传粉路径

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文化遗产的保护和提升，这些新建立起来的

农业

活动

关系将保留农业就业岗位，赋予农民更多的

苏米

自主权，提高该地区的食品质量，从而为该

思朗水

地区未来的农耕业发展提出清晰的构想：农

地区性

咖啡

耕业将实现与食品行业的新兴经济更加深入

感恩

果节

节庆

甘蔗

的融合。 在个人层面上，社区花园使得当地农

菠

萝

1 TOOL SHED 工具棚 2 RESTING AREA 休息区 3 RESIDENTIAL PLOT 居住用地 4 COMMUNITY PLOT 社区用地 5 COMMERCIAL PLOT 商业用地 6 GREENHOUSE 温室 7 BASKETBALL COURT 篮球场 8 PLAYGROUND 游乐场 9 PICNIC AREA 野餐区 10 COMMUNITY TRAIL 社区游道

朗节

祝活

动

蜜

民能够指导未来的新居民进行农业实践，并

收获

PROPOSED CONDITION BUILDING EDGES ARE ARTICULATED TO MAXIMIZE WIND CAPTURE, PROMOTING CROSS-VENTILATION

常见的开发模式 线性平顺的建筑物外轮廓导致风快速流通，

设计方案 铰接式的建筑物外轮廓将最大程度地对风进行利用，

而非对其进行利用

促进对流通风

酸

通过推广食品生产产地知识，与其他地区的

TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT LINEAR UNOBSTRUCTED BUILDING EDGES PRIORITIZE WIND FLOW OVER WIND CAPTURE

休

0

10

25m

类

牛油

果

豆

N

构想可以在行业领导者与食品企业经营者之

种

树

面，在某条传粉路径的周边建立烹饪学校的

耕

豆

播

菲律宾人民重新建立联系。在更大的社区层

二月

月

一

四月

月

十一 六

米

九月

稻

根类

9

块

米

动

稻

收

种

获

播

祝活

蔬菜

月 八月

日庆

从愿景规划伊始，规划和设计团队通

十

七

月

月

节

效益与成果

独立

卡 拉延

为期两 周的

加可持续、更加有机的农耕实践过渡。

米

月

五月

个农业研究中心/企业，这将有助于农民向更

十二

耕地

队还与当地大学开展合作，以在当地建立一

播种玉

和经济发展的生态系统。除了社区，项目团

10 月

ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR

三

木瓜

间联系，从而为当地创建一个能够促进创新

过与委托方的通力合作，力求重塑菲律宾社 3

1

7

3

2

3

1

舞

蹈

菜

节

蔬

区发展的新模式。阿纳纳斯社区提供了一个

6

4 8

瑶

街

节

头

超越了场地界限的发展框架，为该区域的社

5

菠

萝

地

与当地普遍的功能单一的开发模式不

赛

普

会、环境和经济等方面作出了贡献。 区 性

同，阿纳纳斯社区提供了住宅、市政、教

泼

水

育、零售及服务等多种功能。从土地利用角

节

芮

度出发，就业机会与多种住宅类型的整合将

酸橙

芒果 格

达节

食品

烹饪

节

塔洪

卡

瓦

延

节

节 7

促进一种新开发模式的形成——一种具有高 街

度可达性、对汽车的依赖性更小、在气候变

蹈 头舞

节

国庆节庆祝周 英雄

化方面更具弹性的新模式。通过充分利用菲

节

6

律宾文化的基本元素，阿纳纳斯社区为现有 社区创造新的经济机会，促进提升所在地区 6.

在明确了发展道路后，阿纳纳斯社区的 一期工程将在未来三年内启动和实施，其不 仅为西朗人民，更为马尼拉地区的广大民众 描绘了一个鲜活而可行的未来发展框架。我 们相信这一愿景将在菲律宾城市演进道路中 发挥重要影响，阿纳纳斯社区总体规划将为 当地的后世塑造一个美好的未来。

090

and water supply of future generations.

In recent decades, the Philippines has

single-use gated communities are the norm.

witnessed consistent economic and population

With an often absent public realm and

challenges, the master plan for the

growth. Official statistics estimate the country

limited pedestrian connectivity, residents

Ananas community seeks to reconfigure

will grow by 50 million people in the next 35

are forced to drive to their everyday needs.

traditional relationships between farmland,

years, straining already congested and rapidly

Within many of these new developments,

natural systems, and urban development,

expanding metropolitan areas like Manila. This

in addition to the loss of agricultural

representing a bold new paradigm for

growth comes at the expense of agricultural

land, a disregard for the local ecology has

urban living. Celebrating the cultural and

land and natural systems, compromising the

exacerbated issues related to regional

ecological heritage of the Philippines, this

lifeline of existing communities — the food

water supply and fisheries — depleting

new vision cultivates and supports, within

Across the rapidly developing landscape,

的食品质量和生态安全，并保留了阿纳纳斯 的本土特征。

Introduction

7.

场地上目前的农业耕作 以种植两年一熟的农作 物为主。新建的生物密 集型有机菜园将拥有更 灵活的收获周期和更丰 富的生物多样性，并能 够与该地区的文化节日 紧密结合。 铰接式的建筑物外轮廓 将最大程度地对风进行 利用，促进对流通风。

6.

7.

Current agricultural practices on site rely on produce that can only be harvested once every two years. Proposed organic biointensive gardens provide a more active harvest cycle and greater biodiversity, and are tied to the region's cultural calendar.

Articulation of building edges maximizes wind capture, promoting crossventilation.

VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016

景观设计学 / 主题实践

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES

091

groundwater and polluting local rivers, lakes, and coastal waters.

Recognizing and addressing these

the context of an evolving urban district, a

(Ananas comosus ) — the 247 hectare Ananas

more sustainable regional food network,

site is positioned high on the landscape with

while securing essential ecosystem services.

abundant sunshine and well-drained soil.

While several other commodity crops are

Site and Context

grown on site, soil conditions and availability

In the province of Cavite, approximately

Wet Season

Rainwater Harvesting 雨水收集

of water limit the intensity of agricultural

雨季

production. With the highly seasonal rainfall

35 kilometers south of Manila, the

of this tropical savanna climate, in the

municipality of Silang is a popular

absence of supplemental irrigation planting

destination for those escaping the heat

and harvest cycles typically correspond with

and congestion of the metro area. Situated

monsoonal transitions.

on a volcanic plateau 200 meters above

季风保护 Monsoon Protection

While the site is mostly dry, water has a

the city, this region is characterized by its

significant influence on the topography of the

comfortable climate and is recognized as

landscape. Meandering through the interior

one of Manila’s key food baskets by the

among patches of native scrub and planted

Philippine Department of Agriculture.

food forests, several small streams drain

Offering ideal growing conditions for

nearby fields and local villages. Although

8.3 hm

Native Fruits & Nut Trees

Dry Season

2

乡土果树和坚果树

2

Water Sensitive Street Design

RROTS

卜

CA

水生蔬菜 HYDROPHILIC VEGETABLES

胡萝

8.3 hm

NG 空心菜

水敏性街道设计

旱季

土 POTAT O

排水暗渠

KO

豆

UNDERDRAIN

Seasonal Crop Rotation 季节性作物轮作

G

situated in a rural undeveloped area, the

KAN

the site’s namesake crop — the pineapple

Seasonal Crop Rotation 季节性作物轮作

块根类蔬菜 ROOT VEGETABLES

Organic Farmland On Site 场地上的有机农田

8.

9.

IRRIGATION GREY WATER

灌溉 8M COMMUNITY PLOT

9M COMMERCIAL PLOT 9m宽的商业用地

西红柿

W

建成环境与景观相整合

impacts of both agriculture and development

purposeful integration of ecological systems,

are evident in turbidity and debris found

local agriculture, and a bioclimatic approach

in the surface water. While most streams

to the urban form. Evolving from the detailed

drain to the Halang River to the west, both

analysis of the site, its context, and inquiry

the Halang and Ylang-Ylang Rivers — which

into the local systems, the design team

define the site’s east and west boundaries

actively explored opportunities to maximize

in dramatic

40-meter

deep ravines — flow

resulting framework presents a multi-

waterbody in the Philippines: Manila

functional and highly connected open space

Bay. Due to the high population density,

system that promotes walking and biking,

inadequate treatment of wastewater, and a

allowing the community to connect with

heavy reliance on grey infrastructure, many

nature and with each other. In addition

traditional developments compound water-

to regulating the local microclimate and

related issues, impairing the quality of life

providing a diverse and connected open

and the ecological security of the region.

space network of patches, nodes, and

Design Framework

胡

当地社区的融合

092

cultural spaces respond to the site’s unique features and potential, providing design- and

新居民

Integration of Local Community

the regenerative potential of the site. The

swiftly to the north toward the most impaired

corridors, the restored natural areas and

卜

)

EN

New Residents

Integration of Built Environment and Landscape

萝

植园

OTS (WET S SON

多种

菜种

GA R D

+

Continued Employment Opportunities in Agriculture 持续提供农业就业机会

蔬

R AR

S

瓜

UC

FLE

丝

苣

AF

莴

E

RD

Mentoring

U

)

S

指导

LETT

9.

Pollinator paths support the agricultural production and are integrated to housing, commercial, and cultural uses.

Garden swales function as wet gardens during the wet season, provide positive drainage for mounded root vegetables, and protect sensitive crops from excessive wind and evaporation during the dry season.

地下蓄水池

EA

当地农民

Farmers

NAKE GO

（

8.

CISTERN

季） TOM A (D RY SE A

地下蓄水池

旱

TO

CISTERN

8m宽的社区用地

（雨季） C

透水铺装 PERMEABLE PAVING

中水

IRRIGATION

ON

灌溉

传粉路径促进了农作物 的生长，同时也与场地 的住宅、商业及文化用 途融为一体。 在雨水丰沛时节，菜园 中的洼地可用作雨水花 园，为块根类蔬菜作物 及时排去积水；在干旱 时节则可保护敏感类作 物，使其免受强风与蒸 发作用的影响。

Bio-Intensive Agriculture

Seasonal Crop Rotation

生物密集型农业

季节性作物轮作

VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016

The design framework for the Ananas master plan was driven by respect and

8

景观设计学 / 主题实践

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES

093

ecologically-based solutions to address the issues facing the region.

9

analysis, areas with slopes greater than 40

complete the open space network by

10.

stacking multiple functions in these

percent and areas with defined watercourses

25-meter wide linear gardens. In a response

were secured and buffered. This included an

to the topography and monsoonal winds,

additional safety setback of 15 meters at the

the street grid and corresponding pollinator

top of the ravines and a 30-meter setback

paths traverse the site from the southwest

from the centerline of interior drainages. As

to the northeast. Placed at regular intervals

a significant component of the master plan’s

— no more than a five-minute walk for

landscape infrastructure system, these areas

all residents — the pollinator paths help

connect both sensitive riparian and adjacent

optimize air movement, improving outdoor

upland areas throughout the site and beyond, and

comfort and potentially reducing energy

benefit the local ecology and water quality.

demand at the building and neighborhood

In addition to functioning as ecological

scale. Aligned parallel to the general

corridors with added recreational amenities

contour of the land, these garden corridors

and connectivity, these areas incorporate

incorporate keyline design concepts to

a series of basins, swales, and retention

help retain rainwater, organic matter, and

ponds. These ponds slow, filter, and infiltrate

nutrients in the landscape.

11.

10.

11.

Buildings and landscape work together to celebrate a core element of Filipino culture: the need for social interaction and engagement.

New forms of living — urban form responsive to climate

Agricultural plots are in short walking distance to residents

Streetscape promotes sustainable mobility

Residential courtyards provide intimate outdoor space

居民可步行到达 农业地块

街景提升了可持续流动性

Beyond their ecological benefits, the

quality and recharging the local aquifer.

pollinator paths are a significant component

传粉路

Agricu ltural V il

径

of the community’s open space and public

Urban form responsive to climate

农业别

墅

Courty ard

A

IM CL

IP

R

庭院

OP

OS

Streetscape and orientation of interior common areas create vibrant public realm 内部公共区域的街景和朝向 创造出充满活力的公共空间

Street Fronta ge Villa 临街别

墅

A 对

T

气候

宾普通的城郊 开

的开发模式

菲律

Native Street Trees 乡土行道树种

TE

NSIVE PR

应

IL

M EN

LF

S

T Y P I CA

O

O ESP

L

IN

LO P

凉风

la

应对气候的城市形态

RBAN DEV E UBU

绿色屋顶可收集雨水、营造怡 人的室外空间

灵活的组团类型 为多代家庭生活 创造了便利

住宅庭院提供了 私密的户外空间

Pollina tor Path

Green roofs harvest rainwater while providing pleasant exterior spaces

Flexibility of cluster typology allows for multigenerational living

凉风

stormwater — improving surface water The 8.3-hectare pollinator paths

通过建筑与景观的融 合，项目为居民提供了 充足的社交场所——社 交是菲律宾文化的重要 组成部分。 新生活形态——应对气 候的城市形态

ne ga 负压 tive 力 pre ssu re

Based on the topographic and hydrologic

4x more energy efficient 能源效率提升4倍

丰产街

道

发

模

式

Simulation was used in the design process, creating the necessary negative pressure in courtyards to maximize wind capture and cross ventilation. The neighborhood fabric maintains comfort levels for 60% of the year. Typical development can rely on natural ventilation for only 15% of the year. 在设计过程中对风效应和热舒适性进行了模拟，在庭院中制造了必要的负压力，以引入凉 风，促进对流通风。这种街区肌理可在全年60%的时间里保持舒适性，而菲律宾普通的开 发模式仅可在全年15%的时间里利用自然通风。

Heat Island Reduction 降低热岛效应

适宜自行车骑行的街道 Bicycle Friendly Streets

50,000m

2

Engaging Public Realm

水敏性设计 Water Sensitive Design

Less Pavement = More Place 减少硬质铺装，提供更多的场所

150,000m

20km

Reduction in Stormwater Runoff 减少雨洪径流

Pedestrian Oriented Walkways 步行导向型人行道

094

VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016

this new form of urban agriculture allows

for plot sizes and configurations support

for existing farmers to continue working the

different types of agricultural uses, from

land while mentoring new residents in bio-

residential gardens, to community-

intensive organic farming practices.

supported agriculture initiatives (CSAs), to

怡人的公共空间

3

realm. Proposed design recommendations

10

景观设计学 / 主题实践

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES

Related land uses and programs along

farm-to-table restaurants, to local organic

the pollinator paths provide communal

farming cooperatives. The intent of this

spaces for residents and visitors to engage

diversification was to offer a roadmap to

with local cuisine and agriculture through

fully integrate these critical open spaces into

potential community, agricultural, and

the public realm and transform agriculture

culinary programs. Immediately adjacent

into a communal experience. Additionally,

to these spaces, schools, community

095

11

溪 动

卡 场

拉

馆

斯

馆

EC

农 高

速

公

业

用

地

路

道 集市

integration.

to community-based agriculture. These ideas and recommendations included

会议

场馆

公园

based agriculture and food security from

greater interaction between residential

both the client and design team, the

buildings and landscape systems to reduce

visioning process prompted additional

irrigation needs, seasonal crop rotation,

inquiry into bio-intensive organic

and planting diversity to support pollinators

agriculture. Recognizing the limitations and

and the biological control of pests. Through

vulnerabilities of the annual commodity

structural and ecological diversity, in

and biennial crops currently grown on site,

addition to strategic redundancies, this bio-

research into alternative practices led to

intensive approach could provide greater

CR

馆

校

SPOR

酒店

TS

+

溪谷

中央

a more integrated and holistic approach

EATI

博物

公共

学

increasing the potential for passive design

RE

廊

ON 运动

施

态

谷

娱

FARME

运

场

化

心

动

文

中

运

生

design ideas and recommendations for

With an active interest in community-

民 ET 农 集市

R’ S

M

K AR

及

ID

O G I CA L C O R OL R

生态廊道

设

S

乐

OR

development, reducing energy demand, and

林 荫

立面

主 干 道

廊

道

态

廊

Ec olo

gi

生态 cal C 廊道 orrid or

道

街道 向型

径

IAN

态

路

导

生

粉

PEDESTR

传

生

OR

IE

Cultural Hub

9

文化中心

行

建筑

街 物临

NT

ED STREETS

步

og ol Ec

农业研究中心

运动中心

道 id 廊 orr 态 C 生 ical

12

Agricultural Research

Sports Center

or Events Lawn

Courts 运动场地

活动草坪

centers, restaurants, and markets all offer

of wind behavior and thermal comfort

opportunities for civic engagement, an

were performed using digital 3D models

integral part of Filipino culture. Located

of the development. The results of these

at the heart of the community, a central

studies led to the design team breaking away from traditional linear configurations

and cultural hub that includes spaces for

of residential prototypes in favor of a more

recreation, events, and markets where

articulated pattern. This articulation coupled

local farmers can showcase and sell local

with the orientation of the streets and open

agricultural produce, creating opportunities

space facilitates the capture of cooling

to support the local economy.

breezes, promoting cross-ventilation and

13.

连通的景观系统。中央 公园保护并融合了天然 河道与溪谷廊道，同时 开辟了以社区为主导的 灵活空间及可供农户出 售本地农产品的市场。 作为项目的核心区，中 央公园将成为受大众喜 爱的区域性景点，而不 仅仅服务于社区居民。

13.

Interconnected landscape systems. A central park preserves and integrates natural river and ravine corridors with active, communitydriven spaces and markets where farmers can sell local agricultural produce.

At the heart of the project, the central park landscape creates a public destination that extends beyond the community to be a regional attraction.

Courts 运动场地 Flexible Recreation 可灵活利用的娱乐空间

Co

effect. Preliminary estimates indicate this configuration could significantly improve the

Early in the design process, simulations

096

Children’s Museum 儿童博物馆

道 廊 al 态 gic r 生 colo ido E rr

reducing the potential of a wind-tunnel

Research, Innovation, and Resilience

12.

r do rri Co al 道 gic 廊 olo 态 Ec 生

park is envisioned as a regional destination

12.

Public Market 公共集市

0

outdoor comfort and energy efficiency of the

100m N

13

VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016

景观设计学 / 主题实践

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES

097

Unlike many projects being developed

a positive impact in their environment and

in the area, Ananas is envisioned as

lives. The project established a series of

an open community where walkability,

urban design principles to ensure buildings

biking, and access to transit is prioritized

have a strong relationship with the public

over private vehicles, and quality of life is

realm, promoting a greater sense of

promoted through a vibrant public realm

community.

that fosters lively social interactions. A

Through meaningful engagement

network of public spaces, including parks,

throughout the municipality of Silang

plazas, and generous vegetated sidewalks,

with local farms, cultural and educational

Evapotranspiration

provide connectivity and places to meet.

institutions, cafes and restaurants,

蒸散作用降温

Integrated public spaces and residential,

the Ananas master plan will foster the

civic, education, retail, and service uses

exchange of skills and knowledge to

create the hubs and nodes of this holistic

engage all members of the community in

new community that respond to Filipinos’

lifelong learning and civic involvement.

aspirations to live in a place that will make

With the preservation and enhancement

Open Space

Frontage

开放空间临街立面

Ecological Corridors

生态廊道 Pedestrian Trails

Open Community

步行游道

开放社区

11

Retail, Restaurants & Cafes 零售、餐厅与咖啡店

14

stability and a more rapid functional recovery

to establish principles and goals for a new

in the event of natural disturbances.

community that celebrate the agricultural

14.

heritage of the site, preserve and enhance its

Collaboration and Community

dramatic ravine and river corridors, maintain access and connectivity through the site, and

The Ananas master plan is a direct

15.

生态廊道保护了场地内重 要的生物栖息地，同时也 为各个街区的居民提供了 通往中央公园的步行与自 行车骑行通道。 文化中心将成为阿纳纳斯 社区的社交中心和开展社 区活动的平台。

celebrate cultural values that encompass

result of close and ongoing engagement

the Filipino “bayanihan” spirit of communal

between the planning and design team,

unity and cooperation in a contemporary

the client, the mayor of Silang and town

and innovative manner. Beyond the local

officials. Throughout the visioning process,

community, the visioning process also

the design team engaged with local officials,

included collaboration with the Manila

establishing reciprocity and exchange of

Observatory (a scientific research institution

knowledge, building capacity, and elevating

for atmospheric and earth science in the

their expectations for future developments in

Philippines and Southeast Asia) focusing on

the area. Over the course of several meetings

the impacts and design challenges related to

in the Philippines, the design team worked

climate change in the region.

098

14.

15.

Ecological corridors preserve an important habitat while providing pedestrian and bike connections between different neighborhoods and the central park.

The cultural hub will become the social crossroads at Ananas, creating a forum for community activities.

Ce

ark P l a 园 ntr 公

中央

15min walk 15分钟步行距离

Cultural Hub

24/7

文化中心

全年无休

A Vibrant Mixed-use Environment 充满活力的混合功能环境

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VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016

景观设计学 / 主题实践

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES

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of the agricultural heritage of paramount

creating an ecosystem of innovation and

importance, these relationships will retain

economic development in the area. Beyond

agriculture jobs, empower farmers, and

the community, a partnership with a local

improve the quality of food in the region,

university to establish an Agriculture

offering a bold vision for the future of

Research Center and Cooperative on site will

farming that is more integrated into new

help transit farmers to more sustainable and

economies within the food industry.

organic farming practices.

Active Streets 活跃的街道

Canopy Interception 通过繁茂的树木截留雨水

Evapotranspiration 蒸散作用降温

At the individual level, community

Effectiveness and Results

gardens allow farmers to mentor future residents on local agriculture practices and reconnect Filipinos with the knowledge

From the outset of the visioning

of where their food is produced. Within

process, the planning and design team,

the greater community, a culinary school

in collaboration with the client, sought

located adjacent to one of the several

to reinvent new community development

pollinator paths in the project will connect

in the Philippines. Ananas provides a

industry leaders with food entrepreneurs,

development framework that transcends

Pedestrian Priority Streets 步行优先型街道

Water flow path 水流路径

Sheltered Courts

11,000 m2

带顶棚的运动场地

Indoor Sports Center

Covered courts allow for active use during the monsoon season

Sports Center includes basketball courts, a gym, multi-purpose rooms, and an Olympic pool

室内运动中心

带顶棚的运动场地保证人们可以在雨季也能够进行体育活动

Water flow path

结构性土壤促进了树木生长和雨水下渗

厚度为610～1 220mm的人工生物过滤基质 610-1,220 mm Engineered 生态洼地 biofiltration media

Bioswales

Structural soil promotes tree growth and rainwater infiltration

有孔洞的管道

Vegetation, soil and organic Perforated Pipe matter filter sediment and pollutants from runoff, and 厚度为200mm的骨料 200 mm Aggregate promotes infiltration

室内运动中心包括室内篮球场、体育馆、多功能

水流路径 溢流排入排雨管道

Overflow to storm drain

植物、土壤与有机质 将过滤地表径流中的 淤积泥沙和污染物，并促进下渗

场馆，以及一个奥运赛事规格的游泳池

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Tennis

Active Community

网球

活力社区

6 Outdoor Courts

16.

Create a venue for tennis camps

20 Informal Courts

Sports like Petanque, paddle ball etc., have courts integrated to the park landscape

6块户外场地 可用作网球训练场地

20块非常规运动场地

17.

这里可供人们进行滚球、波板球等活动，这些运动场地 与公园景观相互融合

Basketball

中央公园中的体育及娱 乐设施将对周边社区的 居民开放，可促进社交 融合。 与项目中的其他街道一 样，融合了水敏性景观 设计的林荫主干道为人 们提供了非常怡人的步 行环境。

16.

17.

Sports and recreation facilities located in the central park will be open to neighboring communities and will promote social integration.

The boulevard spine, as other streets in project, provides a strong pedestrian environment that is integrated with water-sensitive landscape strategies.

篮球 13 Outdoor Courts

Facilities support the practice of Filipinos’ favorite sport activity

13块户外场地

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篮球是菲律宾最受欢迎的体育活动

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VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016

景观设计学 / 主题实践

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES

the site boundaries to make a contribution

existing community while enhancing the food

to the region in social, environmental, and

and ecological security of the region and

economic terms.

preserving its identity.

In contrast to the typical single-use gated

With a clear path toward the launch and

developments common throughout the area,

implementation of the community’s first

Ananas offers a holistic mix of residential,

phase within the next three years, Ananas

civic, education, retail, and service uses. The

offers a compelling and feasible framework

integration of employment opportunities

that will shape not only the future of the

with diverse residential offerings from a land

people of Silang, but also that of greater

-use perspective will foster a new model of

Manila. Confident this vision will have a

development that is accessible, less car-

lasting legacy in the evolution of cities in

dependent, and more resilient in a climate of

the Philippines, the Ananas master plan

change. Drawing upon essential elements of

is a compelling and feasible proposition

Filipino culture, Ananas holds the potential

that will shape the future of the region for

to create new economic opportunities for the

generations to come.

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