MAPUA UNIVERSITY

School of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering

Final Report

(Coursera 2)

“The Construction Industry: The Way Forward”

CEM198-3R/E01

Submitted By:

CHAIRMANE C. SARSALEJO

Submitted To:

DR. DANTE L. SILVA

MAY 2, 2023

I. Preliminaries

4. Course Taken: “The Construction Industry: The Way Forward”

5. Course Description: This course will provide an overview of the construction industry as well as its history. This will be concluded with a discussion of the diverse aspects of the global construction industry as well as common challenges within it.

6. Institution that Offered the Course: Columbia University

II. Course Description

5. Course Content:

This course is divided into five weeks, with each week consisting of a video lecture, reading lessons, and graded assessments such as quizzes and a final exam. The course begins with an overview of the construction industry and its history and then moves on to a study of the different aspects of the construction industry globally in addition to common challenges within it.

6. Learning Objectives:

• Discuss the history and evolution of the construction industry.

• Explain the environment and challenges of the construction industries.

• Define the top ten construction sector megatrends.

• Outline the trends influencing how we think about building.

• Discuss the building industry's future and the importance of collaboration.

• Determine the various government responsibilities related to the future of the construction.

• Describe the transformation that is required to propel the building sector ahead.

• Assess the role of corporations in the development of the building.

• Demonstrate the need for strategy, personnel, process, and operational transformation.

• Discuss emerging technology and inventive construction trends.

• Explain how each of the four revolutions in the industry affected the construction sector.

• Determine the global construction management leaders.

7. Characteristics of Course Delivery:

This is a self-paced online course, so you can go through the content at your own pace. As a result, there are no deadlines or a consistent weekly format to follow. As a result, proceed through the modules at your own leisure. This course's modules will each recommend information relating to the module subject that will improve your educational experience. These readings are entirely optional. This specialization covers all of the resources necessary to complete it.

8. Assessment and Evaluation of Students in the Course:

Each module in this course of study will include a learning task that we will be able to do in order to put what we have learned in the course into practice.

At the end of each module, we will be able to test our knowledge and skills by taking a brief quiz. Every quiz counts for 20% of our grade, with the final exam accounting for 40%. To pass the evaluation and final examination, we students must score 80% or higher. The previous tests, as well as this final exam, will account for 100% of our entire course rating. The assessments and final exams may be taken up to five times in a 24-hour period. This should take into account any technical or temporal issues that maydevelop.Thecombinedscorefortheevaluationandfinalexamswillbethehighest of any of our attempts.

III. Course Summary

Thematerialforthecoursehas beendividedintofive weeks,with eachweekthatcovers adifferent topic and including a practice quiz from "The Construction Industry: The Way Forward."

Week 1:

This module is divided into two parts, the course overview which includes a video introduction from Mr. Ibrahim Odit, the academic honesty policy, the discussion of forum etiquette, and a precourse survey. In the other part, they presented an overview of the construction business and its history in this session. This will be followed by an examination of the many aspects of the global construction business, as well as prevalent internal issues.

Week 2:

The second module focuses on ten factors that are affecting the way we deliver construction projects, such as old infrastructure, the effects of climate change, sustainability trends, and technologies, growing urbanization, and an aging/shrinking workforce. Along the process, you'll discoverthebest methods to respondto the opportunitiesand difficulties presented bythese trends.

Week 3:

In accordance with his work with the World Economic Forum, Professor Odeh explores the future oftheconstructionsectorinthismodule.Furthermore,ProfessorOdehwilldiscussthesignificance of working with governments and public officials to achieve industry transformation.

Week 4:

The topic of this discussion expands on the one before it by digging further into how to effectively manage companies in the AEC industry, including topics such as innovation strategy, addressing the workforce challenge and culture, and business processes and procedures.

Week 5:

The last module concludes this course by introducing students to the industry expert panelists, completing the final examination, and responding to the post-course survey. In addition, there is an extra lecture material on Projects Procurement Management.

IV. Student Learnings

WEEK 1 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY’S HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

In this module, I learned that the industry we work in is not new. They have been constructing structures for many thousands of years. The Egyptian pyramids, for example, were built roughly 4,500 years ago. Petra in Jordan was possibly created as early as the 5th century BC. We construct buildings for a variety of reasons, including the ability to reside in them and improve on them. To provide or even facilitate specific types of products and services, such as providing light and electricity in power, or water, among other things. However, in general, the construction industry is divided into four types: first, building construction. Educational institutions, universities, hospitals, theaters, for business purposes office towers, as well as government buildings, business shopping centers, and recreation facilities are examples of building construction. Residential construction is the second category. Single-family homes, multi-unit townhouses, high-rise buildings apartments, or even condos are all possibilities. Dams, tunnels, bridges, motorways, airports, urban transportation infrastructure in general, ports, pipelines, wastewater treatment plants, and networks of communication are further examples of heavy engineering buildings. The last form is industrial construction. Examples of industrial construction include petroleum refineries, petrochemical factories, nuclear power plants, factories for steel, and large manufacturing plants. And, in the past two to three many decades, it has begun to evolve more quickly than it used to, which is great. Let's look at the blueprint as an example. Most of us have experienced the transition from a 2D blueprint to a computer program AutoCAD. However, the majority of us in the industry who are now engaged in our industry have witnessed the latest disruptive innovation, which I refer to as the new norm. This is going to the development of building information modeling, or BIM, or Building B-I-M. Additionally, there is land surveying. Alandsurveyisathousand yearsofhistorical practicethatdatesfromatleast1,400BC. Egyptians measured plots and land with measurement ropes, plump bobs, and various other instruments. It was discussed also that more people risked losing their lives in the line of duty simply to map what would eventually become the passes, railways, towns, dams, and various other structures that formed the foundation of the United States of America. So, as an example, consider the evolution of survey instruments. We are already seeing an interesting integration of total stations and rising the use of drones in projects for construction. Our industry continues to develop for a variety of reasons. This could be to improve safety or quality, or it may be to minimize project costs, time, or schedule. In addition, we began to explore a variety of other issues.

In the next topic, I learned that A fragmented market is one in which no single entity has the necessary influence to steer the industry in one particular direction. And regardless of the shift toward alternative methods of delivery such as design-build or the DB, the design bed belt remains the most commonly used method of delivery in infrastructure and construction projects.

I also learned a few examples of the challenges with which we are dealing First, there is the inadequate transfer of knowledge from one project to the next. Another industry concern is the scarcity of young talent and individuals in development, as well as the lack of acceptable gender diversity and job stability, owing to the cyclical nature discussed in the preceding section. Other internal challenges include a lack of innovation and slow adoption of new technologies. Another internal issue is ineffective project management. Another exchange conservative company culture is the prevalent belief that the construction sector and construction companies are not the forms of think. Finally, as an industry in general, such as we do have some coordination with suppliers. Purchasing a strategy usually entails establishing long-term relationships with key suppliers. Nonetheless, in our industry, final decisions are usually made.

WEEK 2 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY’S TRENDS

After introducing the course that is followed by discussing the characteristics of the environment of construction and giving internal challenges examples of what we faced in the industry. Now, this module discussed the trends that will build the construction industry where there are ten given trend examples which are project complexity, aging in infrastructure, global presence, gap in investment, climate change, sustainability, urbanization, workforce, global risks, and complex regulations. The first example that was given is the complexity of the project where projects are growing in both their scope and their complexity. Next is the aging infrastructure which is a big concern in many countries, particularly in wealthy countries all over the world. Another example is climate change, where civil infrastructure must endure the rising fiscal hazards of climate change, which ensures the industry's resilience as one of the most significant issues. When discussing the resilience of civil infrastructure, we must also consider the rise of technological change wherein technological advances are playing a significant role. Infrastructure systems have become complicated and interrelated. Overlapping these methods using digital systems will become more prevalent in the future. This is going to contribute to a growth in complexity, as well as the creation of new systems which we do not yet completely comprehend. Lastly, information indicates not all accidents caused by climate change can be avoided. The emphasis should be on these systems' adaptability, flexibility, and quick recovery. Not just systems, but also organizations, must be able to reduce the consequences of such disasters. Sustainability is another example and here, resources are the resources that are required to develop and maintain infrastructure. It is concerned with the amount, source, and nature of these resources, as well as their implications for the project's overall sustainability. Infrastructure developments now have an effect on the natural environments surrounding them, including habitats, animals, and non-living ecological systems. Natural systems all around us perform vital activities known as ecosystem services, which provide us with air and water purity, nutritious food, and danger mitigation. The project's location within these systems, as well as new elements they might introduce into the system, may have unintended consequences for these ecosystem services. In climate change and resilience, the climate's scope and resilience are twofold. One is to reduce pollution that may cause climate change, as well as other near and long-term dangers. Second, ensure the resilience of infrastructure initiatives. Infrastructure must be knowledgeable about how to be resilient. Infrastructure must also be resourceful, robust, adaptable, integrated, and inclusive. That is how it is envisioned in the big picture. The next trend is urbanization, other factors to take into account with the growing rate of urbanization include education, employment, and ways to create work possibilities. And last but certainly not least, when we consider urbanization, we can deal with and even avoid crime. There are numerous aspects to consider, such as building structures, providing services, and investing wisely in developing and constructing solid infrastructure. The workforce and labor shortage are the next two trends to consider where it is considered as an industry-wide issue. Here, I will outline five of the major types of global hazards identified, particularly in recent years.Startingwitheconomichazards,whenwespeakofeconomicrisks,wewouldconsiderbeing unemployed and something associated with global oil and gas prices. An additional risk to the environment refers to previously mentioned instances such as natural calamities in another trend. This included storms, floods, the decrease in biodiversity, water supply, and, of course, the effects of climate change, as well as the increasing frequency of extreme weather events. More restrictive environmental, health and safety, and labor laws are the most recent illustration of this trend of complex and slow regulations.

WEEK 3 INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT (Needed Transformations)

The relevance of partnering with administrations and public figures in the pursuit of business transformationwasemphasizedhere. Ilearnedherethattoachieveanindustrialrevolutionmoving ahead, we must collaborate on three levels. The three stages are one, industry collaboration, and two, the government must play a significant part in this transition. Last but not least, each organization must use many best practices in various areas to contribute to this industrial revolution. So, to begin, let us delve more deeply into the initial level, known as the industry. Also, the construction and engineering sector must build organizations at multiple levels, including national, international standards and global, to develop standards when working on several projects with one client or when working on multiple projects across multiple declines. For example, Australia is leading the way in standardizing project Alliance agreements in order to lower the initial expenses associated with forming these partnerships. I learned also here that money can assist reduce the gap between technological development and implementation by increasing informationsharingamong peers. Keep in mind thatall kinds of corporate collaboration must take sufficient steps to avoid breaking antitrust or competition legislation. Industry-wide initiatives are a useful method to stimulate cross-industry collaboration among enterprises along the value chain. A combined research and development effort, or R&D endeavor, is an example.

Another level of industrycollaboration shouldconcentrate oncooperativeindustrymarketing. One marketing example would be improved communication and coordination with civil society. Many constructions and, in particular, infrastructure developments have a significant impact. The local population and the neighboring area are affected. Despite the benefits of their larger society, the public tends to raise concerns when projects exceed budgets and timelines, especially when national depth characteristics are on the rise. In general, firms must maintain an effective approach to communicating with populations during the planning phase and during the construction phase in order to keep the local population fully informed about the project's progress and potential repercussions. This will satisfy public curiosity, as well as assuage anxieties and raise the general public for the initiative.

In addition to its position as a lawmaker and regulator, the government has an important influence on the building and construction sector as an owner of projects. Government procurement makes forasignificantportionoftotalconstructionspendingworldwide.Forbetterbiddingplansinterms of innovation and constructing performance, government officials should undoubtedly review the asset, procedure, and requirements in light of recently available innovations and supplies, and also other procurement goals including all life cycle expenses and environmental sustainability.

WEEK 4 COMPANIES (Needed Transformations)

This lesson taught me how to build on the prior one by delving deeper into the function played by companies in the AEC industry by discussing topics such as innovation strategy, dealing with workforce dilemmas and culture, and business processes and procedures. Companies actually, businesses must be at the forefront of this transformation. In order to differentiate within their company model, organizations must strike a balance between producing tailored solutions for specific services with growing more general, earning economies of scale. Businesses should make investments in design, systems, and goods in general, but they have to think about increased lifecycleperformance.Takingintoaccountnotonlytheinitialexpensesoftheproject.Whenwecreate a building, for example, we must consider not just construction and design costs, but also the longterm expenditures, including utilities and maintenance and operation. And actually, the company's strategy is to work with local businesses. As a result, the corporation can combine its own experiencewith the local knowledge and ties of its newpartner.Local collaborations are extremely valuable. Knowing one's international or local regulatory needs, interacting with the local workforce, and even making your way over culture are all important considerations.

To gain a better understanding of a company's labor requirements and priorities. There is a need to develop a comprehensive workforce planning strategy that will maintain the firm sustainability in terms of employees. As a result, a long-term perspective on workforce demand is required. For example, by modeling the future project pipeline. Of course, many factors must be considered, including future skill requirements, particularly in the digital arena. You must also model manpower supply properly. It depends on existing staff rosters, and you must take into account crucial elements like shifts in age profiles. Additionally, to the workforce strategy, you must also engage in what we term smart hiring, such as promoting the importance of technology. And the wider societal implications of this construction, particularly for young people. You can also create personalized recruiting channels. Using social media to its full potential. This is becoming more common. Of course, start collaborating and partnering with institutions and colleges to build a pipeline of qualified people. In fact, it is not only smart hiring, but additionally, a way to maintain those you hire and improve your company's rates of retention. Several examples can be used to accomplish this. Such as offering appealing benefits and adequate compensation packages. In addition to retention incentive programs, various perks such as training and recognition are available. Also, it is essential to create successful training methods. With the intention of improving both worker performance and engagement. But when we mention staff again, we mean all staff. As a result, it is critical to tailor solutions to various target groups, ranging from construction employees to senior management. And taking into mind the various requirements of various generations in the workforce. It is also important to make an efficient organizational structure that reinforces a shared business environment and supports strategic goals. Finally, by developing incentive skills, you can incentivize desired behaviors. To increase firm involvement and connection, which will leadto behavioral change. Build self-esteem, morale, and anawareness of belonging, for example. Implement recognition initiatives that public acknowledge and encourage employees for their ingenuity. Lastly, provide distinctive programs such as managerial development and tailored mentorship. To aid in the transfer of desirable values and incorporation of such actions into the company's culture.

It is also critical for coordinating vendors and subcontractors more efficiently. The objective should be to create a supply chain that is flexible. It can also respond quickly and flexibly to modifications in the outside environment, such as weather. In addition to procurement, it should integrate seamlessly with other sections of the organization. The increased usage of digital technologies such as building information modeling, can now assist connect the chain of supply to one another. It would connect different components in the project by offering transparency into the product's supply chain. The additional instance involves efficient and safe practices. A lean strategy, and there but it makes advantage of uncertain conditions and complexity by decreasing waste and non-value-adding operations along every step of the value chain. Also, communicate quickly and clearly, preferably visually, whenever possible. You can visualize all the crucial information about construction projects. BIM can be really useful in such a process. It displays a visual representation of the assets' details regarding development, sequences across time, and cost information, allowing for continuous monitoring.

Week 5 Innovative Technologies That Are New And Rising

The last module introduced emerging technical developments in the AEC business, including the use of Big Data, machine learning in constructing projects, printing with 3D printers, the field of robotics virtual/augmented reality, and the development of the Digital Twin. Finally, the study connects the four industrial transformations to our present sector of construction.

There are various instances that must be studied for the purpose to accomplish this kind of industrial change in this specific field. Started with advanced construction and materials finishes. Advanced materials for construction are varied and diverse, ranging from incremental improvements to the properties of old materials to the creation of a completely new product as well as all in between. Building materials typically account for about one-third of the cost of construction. Companies may consider creating an appropriate database that contains proof of the suitability and benefits of innovative building materials to support their clients with their projects. Following onward, another topic to consider is modularization. The construction of modular structures is defined as the process of constructing a building offsite under monitored plant settings, utilizing exactly the same materials, and constructing to comply with the same rules and regulations as conventionally constructed buildings. I also learned here that there is Panelized Construction is a more advanced variant of Modular Construction which is currently being researched further. Panelized Construction can range from as simple as a wall on the outside system, including a curtain wall, to as complicated as interior utility walls. This is completely enclosed, with frames for doors and rough plumbing, electrical, and low-voltage outputs. A hybrid modular construction is one that combines a volumetric and panelized modular structure. Parts of the module may need to be finished on-site in some circumstances, in which case hybrid modularized construction is going to be used.

The idea of smart buildings and smart devices is gaining traction. This is due in part to technological developments and the decrease in the cost of equipment sensors, data storage, and computer services According to the report, these smart equipment solutions have the potential to minimize predicted failure by 50%. It also demonstrated that it may boost building management productivity by 20 to 30% due to reduced inspection, as well as improve the facility's energy performance by roughly 10%. Throughout its existence. Last but certainly not least, the field of new technology and innovation.

Another topic we talked about briefly is 3D printing. The construction business is predicted to be disrupted by 3D printing. It enables the creation of custom shapes that would be impossible to create using any other way. However, as our literature shows, 3D printing is still in its early stages and changing rapidly. It also has a number of concerns to cope with, including resolution issues.

We also looked into and researched the practical application of drones in construction. A drone is any autonomous device that can be flown remotely or automatically and is also known as an unmanned aerial vehicle or UAV. Drones have been around since the early twentieth century, but they are just now becoming commercially viable. Drones are currently utilized for aerial photographs, the mapping process, investigation of accidents, inspections, geographical monitoring, cargo transfer in certain industries, security agencies, storm tracking, and a variety of other applications, to name a few. The use of drones in buildings is unquestionably on the rise.

Another area of study in which we have begun to focus is the utilization of virtual and virtual reality with augmented reality in building, VR, and AR. One of the primary differences between augmented reality and virtual reality is that augmented reality adds virtual components to an existing environment. In another sense, a screen will introduce more components into the environment than are already present. You can see this in the video game Pokemon GO, and AR Open-ended reality needs that the user has a virtual scan of the site in order to input its existing aspects into it. However, virtual reality, or VR, involves the user in an entirely distinct environment. By removing the user from the physical world. Users can be placed into a whole new environment via VR, including a site of construction or a new structure. There are numerous advantages to employing augmented reality / virtual reality throughout the industry, including cost savings. This can be accomplished simply by providing accessibility to the location without requiring travel. Increase productivity and improve collaboration among project teams.

Digital technologies will only reach their full potential if they are broadly adopted as industry standards. It is critical that there be an environment conducive to the flourishing and growth of the construction and engineering sectors' digitization. A rising digital adoption with loads of technologysolutionswillhastenour digitaland industrialchange fortheyearsto come.Asa result, we will see rapid growth in technological adoption.

V. Actual Application

Learning Objectives:

✓ Explain the environment and challenges of the construction industries.

✓ Emerging technology and inventive construction trends using 3D Printing.

Project Name:

➢ Mixed-Use Building (Construction Engineering and Management Project 2 – CEM1822L)

PERSPECTIVE VIEWS

Sample Room Layout In Sketchup 3d

Living Room & Kitchen

Bedroom