2.2 Literature Review Figure 4: How active is defined
HAPPINESS SAFETY ACTIVE GREEN SOCIAL
Aesthe�c of place Proximity of ameni�es Street Widths Aerobic Interven�ons
Note : By, Author (2022) Physical health benefits related to living an ac�ve lifestyle are constantly documented but the psychological benefits are just as important. All studies show a posi�ve correla�on between overall psychological health and being ac�ve. Some clearly sta�ng that ‘Happier people live more ac�ve lives’ (Lathia et al, 2017). Others considering how the no�on of exercising neurologically makes us happier (experienced). The release of hormones during exercise (endorphins) help us to relieve pain and stress whilst contemporary research is also presen�ng a strong link between movement and overall cogni�ve func�on (Eberhard, 2009., NHS, 2020., & Roe & McCay, 2021). Strong links to parts of the brain also impacted by the most common mental health disorders, depression, anxiety and stress, such as the prefrontal cortex and amygdala have also been established (SoP, 2017 & Fox et al, 2000). Integra�ng ac�ve travel into urban designs is a key considera�on within the NHS; it is a key principle in the ‘healthy new towns’ ini�a�ve. (NHS England, 2015). Roe and McCay, 2021, introduce again, the importance of ‘place aesthe�cs’ in increase curiosity and in turn improve probability of ac�ve travel whereas others argue more simple methods such as designing wider streets or including more cycle spaces is enough to encourage it (Kennedy et al, 2009,& Jacobs, 1962). The importance of being ac�ve on mental health is clear, but as designers we cannot expect people to be ac�ve without interven�ons to encourage the healthier lifestyle. Whether the use of wider streets, the removal of cars or even the placement of ameni�es is used it cannot be something that is forgo�en among all the other crucial aspects of crea�ng happiness in urban development.
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