A regular digest of information and research related to human trafficking into and within the UK. Produced by the Research and Development Unit, on behalf of The Salvation Army’s Anti-Trafficking Co-ordinator.
Contents 1. Research, reports and journal articles 1.1 ‘Human trafficking and migration: concepts, linkages and new frontiers’ 1.2 ‘Victim or Criminal? Trafficking for forced criminal exploitation in Europe: UK chapter’ 2. Political and legislative 2.1 Inquiry into the collection, exchange and use of data about human trafficking modern slavery 2.2 Joint Select Committee on the Draft Modern Slavery Bill 2.3 Parliamentary questions 3. Campaigns 3.1 Stop the Traffik’s campaign around the Modern Slavery Bill 3.2 Anti-Slavery International’s Victim Protection Campaign 3.3 Stop the Traffik’s Easter chocolate campaign 3.4 Stop the Traffik launches ‘Make Fashion Traffik Free’ 3.5 UN launches campaign to raise tourists’ awareness of trafficking 4. In the news 4.1 ‘Yeovil and Chard: Six sexual exploitation arrests’ 4.2 ‘Four jailed over human trafficking of women to Kent’ 4.3 ‘Charity Hope for Justice helps trafficking victims’ 4.4 ‘Victim of sex trafficking gang speaks out’ 4.5 ‘Gang jailed for trafficking women to work as prostitutes’ 4.6 ‘Women charged with trafficking offences against four men’ 4.7 ‘Ten “slaves” freed in Wiltshire since police unit set up’ 4.8 ‘Operation Scorpion: North Wales target organised crime’ 4.9 ‘Derby human trafficking: Four admit their part in operation’ 4.10 ‘Birmingham slavery arrests: Second man bailed’ 4.11 ‘Man and woman jailed for trafficking two prostitutes’
4.12 ‘Child slavery advocate trial scheme introduced’ 4.13 ‘“Sex slavery” couple identified after court ruling’ 4.14 ‘Morecambe Bay’s cockling disaster’s lasting impact’ 4.15 ‘Human trafficking figures are “tip of the iceberg”, charity says’ 4.16 ‘Ex-prostitute in Stormont sex trade law appeal’ 4.17 ‘Derby human trafficker brothers jailed’ 4.18 ‘Somerset’s human trafficking victims “need more support” 4.19 ‘UK child sex abuse trafficking doubles – National Crime Agency’ 4.20 ‘Eight charged over Huddersfield trafficking inquiry’ 4.21 ‘Anti-slavery teams to be introduced at UK airports’ 4.22 ‘People trafficking: ordeal for those coming to the UK’ 4.23 ‘Man extradited to UK faces sex trafficking charges’ 4.24 ‘Yeovil sex exploitation inquiry: Three men arrested and bailed’ 4.25 ‘Gloucester police make four child trafficking arrests’ 4.26 ‘Human trafficking victim: “I was locked in my room”’ 4.27 ‘Bill to make Scotland “hostile” for people traffickers’ 4.28 ‘Four bailed after child trafficking arrests in Gloucester’ 4.29 ‘Rochdale child sex ring: Shabir Ahmed appeal rejected’ 4.30 ‘Suspected trafficking victims found in Bournemouth’ 4.31 ‘Two men arrested in Swindon human trafficking raids’ 4.32 ‘Human trafficking arrests in Luton after women found’ 4.33 ‘Government visa rules “licence domestic slavery”’ 4.34 ‘Girls raped after Facebook “grooming”, court hears’ 4.35 ‘Men bailed following Swindon human trafficking raids’ 4.36 ‘Men rescued in human trafficking raid in Wiltshire’
This bulletin covers material produced during the period 18 December 2013 to 6 April 2014 although it should be noted that, due to space limitations, not all relevant material may have been included. The bulletin includes links to material and sources and is provided by way of information. The information included is not necessarily endorsed or supported by The Salvation Army.
1. Research, reports and journal articles 1.1 ‘Human trafficking and migration: concepts, linkages and new frontiers’, December 2013 Global Policy essay in which the author aims to answer questions over which are the key conceptual issues, linkages and developments in the migration-trafficking relationship: http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/sites/default/ files/pdf/Chibba%20-%20Human%20Trafficking%20and%20 Migration%2C%20Concepts%2C%20Linkages%20and%20 New%20Frontiers.pdf
Karen Bradley: Support to develop a move-on strategy is offered to all victims supported under the Government victim-care contract. The number of victims who have received Government-funded support are given as follows. Year of entry to service
Female
2013
387
270
2
659
2012
246
163
–
409
Total
633
433
2
1,068
Male
Trans-gender
Total
1.2 ‘Victim or Criminal? Trafficking for forced criminal exploitation in Europe: UK chapter’, December 2013 Part of the RACE in Europe project to improve knowledge and responses to human trafficking for the purposes of forced criminal exploitation and forced begging in Europe: http://www.antislavery.org/includes/documents/cm_ docs/2014/u/uk_chapter_final.pdf
Of the above, the numbers still receiving such support, by calendar year of entry and gender:
2. Political and legislative
Mr Frank Field: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department with how many victims of human trafficking the government victims care contract specialist support providers are now working; and if she will make a statement.
2.1 Inquiry into the collection, exchange and use of data about human trafficking modern slavery The APPG on Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery publishes evidence from its inquiry: http://humantraffickingfoundation.org/sites/default/ files/DataInquiry2014.pdf 2.2 Joint Select Committee on the Draft Modern Slavery Bill A summary of news related to the draft Modern Slavery Bill: http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/ committees-a-z/joint-select/draft-modern-slavery-bill/ news/ Oral evidence submitted to the Joint Committee on the draft Modern Slavery bill can be read here: http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/ committees-a-z/joint-select/draft-modern-slavery-bill/ written-evidence/?type=Oral#pnlPublicationFilter Written evidence is available here: http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/ committees-a-z/joint-select/draft-modern-slavery-bill/ written-evidence/?type=Written#pnlPublicationFilter 2.3 Parliamentary questions The following section, drawn from the Hansard Commons debates, covers responses to parliamentary questions asked by MPs, in reverse chronological order. 2 April – written answers Mr Frank Field: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many survivors of human trafficking who have been placed in shelters funded by the Government through The Salvation Army received support from the government victim care contract specialist support providers to develop a move-on strategy in (a) 2012 and (b) 2013; how many of these victims were (i) men and (ii) women; how many (A) men and (B) women are still receiving such support; and if she will make a statement.
Year of entry to service
Female
Male
Total
2013
96
23
119
2012
0
1
1
Total
96
24
120
Karen Bradley: The number of victims of human trafficking the Government victim-care contract specialist support providers are currently working with is as follows: Currently supported in service Number Female
219
Male
78
Total
297
25 March – written answers Dan Jarvis: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department when she plans to appoint an anti-slavery commissioner; and whether such an appointment will be a full-time post. Karen Bradley: An announcement will be made on the Anti-Slavery Commissioner after the Modern Slavery Bill has been introduced to Parliament. 20 March – written answers Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department pursuant to the answer of 5 March 2014, on human trafficking, on what date the terms of reference for the review of the National Referral Mechanism will be finalised; when the review of the National Referral Mechanism will commence; when the review of the National Referral Mechanism will be (a) completed and (b) published; and if she will make a statement. Karen Bradley: An announcement on the review of the National Referral Mechanism will be made shortly.
Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how trafficked children will be identified and referred to the Government’s new personal advocates trial for child victims of trafficking; and if she will make a statement. Karen Bradley: We know that children who have been trafficked are incredibly vulnerable and that they are not always getting the support and protection that they need. In January my Department announced proposals to trial specialist, independent advocates for trafficked children. These specialist, independent advocates will be both experts in trafficking, and also completely independent of the local authority.
5 March – written answers Andrew Rosindell: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what steps she is taking to tackle human trafficking within the UK. Karen Bradley: The Government’s draft Modern Slavery Bill, which was published on 16 December, shows how seriously we take this issue. The Bill will consolidate and toughen existing legislation, making it simpler for the police and prosecutors to understand, and ensuring that perpetrators receive suitably severe punishments for these appalling crimes. To complement the Bill, the Government will publish a comprehensive Action Plan in the spring, recognising that effective legislation is only one approach to tackling modern slavery, and the Secretary of State for the Home Department, my right hon. Friend the Member for Maidenhead (Mrs May), announced a comprehensive review of the National Referral Mechanism. The terms of reference for the review (including decisions on membership and its scope) are being considered at the moment and will be finalised shortly.
4 March – written answers Mr Frank Field: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department pursuant to her answer of 20 January 2014, on human trafficking: victim support schemes, what support services are provided by local authorities to victims of human trafficking after 45 days in shelters; what other mainstream support provisions are available; what support is provided to a person who wishes to return to their home country; and if she will make a statement. Karen Bradley [holding answer 13 February 2014]: If a victim of human trafficking has recourse to public funds in the UK, they will have access to the full range of local authority and mainstream support services. Throughout the 45-day recovery and reflection period, a service that The Salvation Army and its subcontractors provide to adult victims of human trafficking, as part of the Government’s victim care contract, specialist support providers work with victims to help them gain access to relevant services and to develop a move-on strategy. The Government’s Assisted Voluntary Returns for Irregular Migrants (AVRIM) programme is available to non EEA
victims of trafficking who wish to return to their home country. This programme is run in partnership with the Choices service of Refugee Action. The AVRIM scheme can provide support in acquiring travel documentation, a flight to their country of origin and onward domestic transport, and airport assistance at departure and arrival airports. Last December, the Secretary of State for the Home Department, my right hon. Friend the Member for Maidenhead (Mrs May), announced her plans to introduce a Modern Slavery Bill and wider Action Plan. The draft Bill is currently being considered by the Pre-Legislative Scrutiny Select Committee. As part of that process, and prior to introducing the final Bill and publishing the Action Plan, we are considering what more can be done to support victims of slavery and trafficking.
12 February – written answers Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department pursuant to the answer of 7 January 2014 on human trafficking, what data is collected in the Case Information Database; how such information is collated and reviewed; and if she will make a statement. Karen Bradley: The Case Information Database holds relevant personal data and case information on individuals who have made an immigration application. Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many identified victims of human trafficking did not participate in criminal proceedings in (a) 2011 and (b) 2012. Karen Bradley: The requested information cannot be obtained as it is not collected or held centrally. Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department pursuant to the answer of 8 January 2014 on human trafficking, who will undertake the review of the National Referral Mechanism; and if she will make a statement. Karen Bradley: An announcement on the review of the National Referral Mechanism will be made shortly. Sammy Wilson: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) how many people were convicted of human trafficking offences in each of the last five years; (2) what estimate her Department has made of the number of people trafficked into the UK in each of the last five years; (3) what estimate her Department has made of the proportion of those trafficked into the UK for the purposes of (a) domestic servitude, (b) forced labour and (c) prostitution. Karen Bradley: All of the data requested is contained in the Home Office Inter-Ministerial Group report, ‘Human trafficking: inter-departmental ministerial group report, 2013’. The report can be found at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/251487/9794-TSO-HMG_ Human_Trafficking.pdf
6 February – written answers Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many victims of trafficking for purposes of (a) labour exploitation and (b) domestic servitude received compensation through the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority in each year since 2010. Damian Green: The Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) does not hold this information. There are several reasons for this. Before 2012 CICA did not record the specific crime of which their applicants had been a victim. This was because payments are based primarily on the injuries someone sustains rather than the crime of which they were a victim. While an applicant had to be the victim of a crime of violence, the specific crime generally had no bearing on the compensation claim. Since November 2012 CICA has recorded broad categories of crime but human trafficking is only currently recorded where it is for the purposes of sexual exploitation.
23 January – written answers Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department if she will publish the selection criteria for first responders to the National Referral Mechanism; and if she will make a statement. James Brokenshire: The National Referral Mechanism (NRM) is a framework for identifying victims of trafficking and enabling them to access care and support. There are no written criteria for first responders to the National Referral Mechanism (NRM). Those applying for first responder status are asked to provide evidence of their understanding and support of the NRM process; show a sound knowledge of human trafficking and how their work routinely brings them into direct contact with individuals who could be victims of trafficking; and demonstrate how a direct referral relationship would add value to existing processes. On 3 December, the Secretary of State for the Home Department announced a review of the NRM. The detail and terms of reference for the review are being considered at the moment.
8 January – written answers Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many victims of human trafficking were identified by healthcare providers in each of the last three years; and if she will make a statement. James Brokenshire: We do not hold this information. Information on victims of human trafficking is recorded by the National Referral Mechanism (NRM). The information is collected by referrals made by first responders, which include the police, National Crime Agency and the Gangmasters Licensing Authority. Health care providers are currently not designated as first responders, but we keep this issue under constant review.
Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what recent estimates she has made of the number of potential cases of trafficking for labour exploitation in (a) England, (b) Scotland, (c) Wales and (d) Northern Ireland. James Brokenshire: Data from the National Referral Mechanism includes information on identified exploitation types within each of the countries of the United Kingdom. Quarterly statistics are published on the website of the National Crime Agency: www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what training and support is provided to first responders, including civil society and local authorities, in identifying trafficking for labour exploitation. James Brokenshire: First responder organisations are those law enforcement, non-governmental organisations and statutory bodies that are able to directly refer potential victims of trafficking to the National Referral Mechanism (NRM) for assessment and access to support. Organisations are expected to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of different types of trafficking as part of the application process. Many groups, including first responders, run their own programmes of awareness raising and training for their own and other organisations. On 3 December 2013, the Secretary of State for the Home Department, my right hon. Friend the Member for Maidenhead (Mrs May), announced a review of the NRM. The detail and terms of reference for the review are being considered at the moment. Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what programmes for rehabilitation and assistance of trafficking victims are offered to victims beyond the 45 day recovery and reflection period; and if she will make a statement. James Brokenshire: The Government funds a 45-day reflection and recovery period for victims of human trafficking who have been identified through the National Referral Mechanism. Once the period in funded support comes to an end, individuals, who have a right to reside in the UK may be helped to access wider support from local authorities and other mainstream support providers. If a victim wishes to return to their home country, and it is safe to do so, they will be supported in their return by the appropriate authorities. Individuals without leave to remain in the UK, or without an outstanding immigration claim, are expected to return home voluntarily and will be supported to do so safely. Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department pursuant to the answer of 13 May 2013, Official Report, column 8W, on human trafficking, what training will be provided to National Referral Mechanism Hub officials; and if she will make a statement. Mr Harper: In the NRM Hub, all decision makers are trained in asylum/human rights and National Referral Mechanism (NRM) decision making. Asylum training is currently a
five week course. Competent Authority decision makers attend a two day specialist training course. In addition to the initial mentoring of NRM decision makers, there is an ongoing quality and feedback mechanism, whereby all decisions are checked by an experienced SEO Hub Lead. Paul Blomfield: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department pursuant to the answer to the hon. Member for North West Norfolk of 13 May 2013 on human trafficking, whether National Referral Mechanism (NRM) Hub officials will be exclusively dedicated to working for the NRM Hub or whether they will undertake this work alongside other duties; and if she will make a statement.
4.3 ‘Charity Hope for Justice helps trafficking victims’ BBC, 6 January http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandmanchester-25630283 4.4 ‘Victim of sex trafficking gang speaks out’ BBC, 7 January http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-25642611 4.5 ‘Gang jailed for trafficking women to work as prostitutes’ BBC, 8 January http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-25653738
Mr Harper: National Referral Mechanism (NRM) Hub caseworkers and staff will be working exclusively on NRM decision and associated asylum decision making.
4.6 ‘Women charged with trafficking offences against four men’ BBC, 10 January http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandbirmingham-25687247
3. Campaigns
4.7 ‘Ten “slaves” freed in Wiltshire since police unit set up’ BBC, 13 January http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandwiltshire-25710013
3.1 Stop the Traffik’s campaign around the Modern Slavery Bill Stop the Traffik’s campaign to ‘make the Modern Slavery Bill robust’: http://www.stopthetraffik.org/gb/modernslaverybill 3.2 Anti-Slavery International’s Victim Protection Campaign Anti-Slavery’s campaign to ensure the Modern Day Slavery Bill ‘prioritises victims of slavery’: http://www.antislavery.org/english/campaigns/victim_ protection_campaign/default.aspx 3.3 Stop the Traffik’s Easter chocolate campaign Campaign calling on Mondelez, the world’s largest chocolate company, to take action: http://www.stopthetraffik.org/gb/modernslaverybill 3.4 Stop the Traffik launches ‘Make Fashion Traffik Free’ Campaign which encourages the consumer to demand ‘traffik-free fashion’: http://www.stopthetraffik.org/gb/fashion 3.5 UN launches campaign to raise tourists’ awareness of trafficking Three UN agencies launch campaign, ‘Your Actions Count – Be a Responsible Traveller’ – to encourage a reduction in demand for illicit goods and services: http://www.bearesponsibletraveller.org/
4. In the News
4.8 ‘Operation Scorpion: North Wales target organised crime’ BBC, 13 January http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-25706741 4.9 ‘Derby human trafficking: Four admit their part in operation’ BBC, 13 January http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandderbyshire-25720957 4.10 ‘Birmingham slavery arrests: Second man bailed’ BBC, 17 January http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandbirmingham-25753236 4.11 ‘Man and woman jailed for trafficking two prostitutes’ BBC, 27 January http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-eastwales-25918645 4.12 ‘Child slavery advocate trial scheme introduced’ BBC, 30 January http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-25958070 4.13 ‘“Sex slavery” couple identified after court ruling’ BBC, 31 January http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northernireland-25975869
4.1 ‘Yeovil and Chard: Six sexual exploitation arrests’ BBC, 19 December http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandsomerset-25448844
4.14 ‘Morecambe Bay’s cockling disaster’s lasting impact’ BBC, 3 February http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandlancashire-25986388
4.2 ‘Four jailed over human trafficking of women to Kent’ BBC, 19 December http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-25457087
4.15 ‘Human trafficking figures are “tip of the iceberg”, charity says’ BBC, 3 February http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-26013283
4.16 ‘Ex-prostitute in Stormont sex trade law appeal’ BBC, 6 February http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northernireland-26075432
4.27 ‘Bill to make Scotland “hostile” for people traffickers’ BBC, 17 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-26611041
4.17 ‘Derby human trafficker brothers jailed’ BBC, 7 February http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26092499
4.28 ‘Four bailed after child trafficking arrests in Gloucester’ BBC, 18 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandgloucestershire-26628218
4.18 ‘Somerset’s human trafficking victims “need more support” BBC, 14 February http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-25268673 4.19 ‘UK child sex abuse trafficking doubles – National Crime Agency’ BBC, 18 February http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26234092 4.20 ‘Eight charged over Huddersfield trafficking inquiry’ BBC, 19 February http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandleeds-26258072 4.21 ‘Anti-slavery teams to be introduced at UK airports’ BBC, 21 February http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26292265
4.29 ‘Rochdale child sex ring: Shabir Ahmed appeal rejected’ BBC, 19 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandmanchester-26653134 4.30 ‘Suspected trafficking victims Bournemouth’ BBC, 26 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englanddorset-26747297
found
in
4.31 ‘Two men arrested in Swindon human trafficking raids’ BBC, 28 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandwiltshire-26782192
4.22 ‘People trafficking: ordeal for those coming to the UK’ BBC, 4 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26443545
4.32 ‘Human trafficking arrests in Luton after women found’ BBC, 28 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucksherts-26794986
4.23 ‘Man extradited to UK faces sex trafficking charges’ BBC, 11 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-26526605
4.33 ‘Government visa rules “licence domestic slavery”’ BBC, 31 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26769349
4.24 ‘Yeovil sex exploitation inquiry: Three men arrested and bailed’ BBC, 11 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandsomerset-26533737
4.34 ‘Girls raped after Facebook “grooming”, court hears’ BBC, 31 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandcambridgeshire-26821303
4.25 ‘Gloucester police make four child trafficking arrests’ BBC, 17 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandgloucestershire-26613780
4.35 ‘Men bailed following Swindon human trafficking raids’ BBC, 31 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandwiltshire-26824371
4.26 ‘Human trafficking victim: “I was locked in my room”’ BBC, 17 March http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-26611366
4.36 ‘Men rescued in human trafficking raid in Wiltshire’ BBC, 3 April http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englandsomerset-26864742
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