Manufactured with PFAS  Fire Exit Door Alarm 56by Arindam Bhadra

Fire Risk in Hospitals due to Oxygen Enrichment & Use of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers

Hospitals nowadays are at high risk of Fire Accidents. Do you know why? It's because of the increased use of Oxygen and Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers (ABHS) in healthcare facilities due to Covid-19.

Fire requires 3 elements - Oxygen, Fuel & Heat. Also known as the Fire Triangle.

High level of Oxygen & vapours of Alcohol based Hand Sanitizers act as the Fuel for fire.

Oxygen enrichment in enclosed hospital rooms can happen due to the leakage of oxygen from ventilators, tubing or connections to the ventilator. And presence of the vapours of alcohol-based hand sanitizers in enclosed hospital rooms also can't be denied.

Heat rdthe 3 element, can come into picture if there is a small spark in electrical circuits or even mobile charging adapter in plug that are readily available at hospitals. If the two elements (Oxygen & Fuel) come in contact with even a small spark, it can cause a major fire outbreak at hospitals. The combination of these 3 elements can lead to serious fires, but absence of any one element can prevent it. Hence, in order to protect patients, visitors and the hospital staff, an Oxygen & Hydrocarbon Gas Leak Detection System should be installed to measure O & HC levels

2 continuously. If the O2 level & HC level increases, the gas detection system will detect it and generate alarm.

We, Ambetronics Engineers Pvt. Ltd. provide highly reliable Gas Detection Systems.

• Oxygen Gas Detector (Battery Powered) • Portable Gas Detector (Oxygen) • Portable Gas Detector (HC)

Key features of our gas detectors:

 Highly reliable, fast & accurate detection of gas.  Inbuilt buzzer with response time of less than 10 seconds.  Fast response, easy to read display.  User friendly & easy to install.

For more information visit: www.ambetronics.com

Potential of IoT in Disaster Management and Fire Safety

 Introduction

As technology continues to revolutionize every aspect of our lives, the way our cities function is also changing. Smart Cities and the technologies that drive them aim to make efficient use of public resources, improve the quality of services and make the lives of the people safer. One of the technologies driving the Smart City Revolution is the Internet of Things(IoT). The fundamental idea behind IoT is to equip everyday objects with devices like microcontrollers to connect them to the internet so that they can communicate with each other and with their users. As IoT continues to usher in smart cities, the population of cities will continue to rise and the occurrence of disasters will in turn rise.

These disasters could be natural disasters like floods, cyclones, earthquakes, or could be man made disasters like fires, building collapses, etc. Let us consider some statistics regarding fire incidents as an example.

According to data collected by TOI there were 9 million fire incidents and 1.2 lakh deaths reported across the globe. Of all these incidents about 1.6 million fire incidents and over 27,000 deaths were reported in India. In urban India kids under age 5 and adults above 60 are the biggest victims. It is often observed whenever there is a fire incident, even if help arrives on time, the severity of fire can't be analysed properly due to lack of effective monitoring equipment. Consequently, it results in loss of life and property. In all this, safety of firefighters is also of utmost importance.

IoT has the potential to improve the efficiency of disaster management systems, enable faster communication, provide real time access to critical data and allow authorities to make better informed decisions.

Source: https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/international-firefightersday-2021-history-significance-and-all-you-need-to-know-3704354.html

 What is IOT ?

IoT is a dynamic global network infrastructure with selfconfiguring capabilities. It is based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual "things" have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into the information network, often communicating data associated with users and their environments. In other words, The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects-"things"-that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. These devices range from ordinary household objects to sophisticated industrial tools.

Source: https://www.simplilearn.com/top-iot-terms-you-need-to-know-article

 How it can help in Disaster

Management and Safety ?

IOT has the potential to revolutionize the way traditional systems work. Data is at the heart of any IOT system and its transfer from one place to another is the main aim of the system. This data can be processed using edge computing i.e. processing of data at the source of data

collection. This can assure the fastest and most scalable technique for communication and raising alerts to ensure help in disaster situations. It can also provide access to real time information from the field and can help high level authorities make decisions.

DISASTER

Preparation

Disaster Management Cycle

After Event Before Event

Response

Mitigation Recovery

Source: https://home.akitabox.com/blog/4-phases-of-disaster-management

 Why IOT over traditional systems ?

Synchronisation

The traditional systems used for communication in disaster management include satellite radio, cell broadcasting, telephones, walkie-talkies etc. It is seen that the response to these modes of communication is not that admirable as many times these modes lack automated synchronization required in various departments like Police, State Disaster Management Team, Hospitals,etc. This leads to time lag which increases the severity of the incident resulting in loss of life and property. Internet of Things provides a better and effective solution for this.

Automation

IoT devices such as robots, sensors, and unmanned vehicles can be efficiently used in disaster management systems which also provide better synchronization as each level of the system is connected to each other via cloud. Smart Sensors installed in buildings and houses not only help in detecting but also monitoring. For example the things like smoke, temperature in case of fire and seismic activities in case of earthquakes. GPS sensors can help in locating the actual location of people and can help in rescue operations more effectively as compared to traditional ones.

Analysis and Detection

The traditional systems come to action only when an incident happens but the IoT tools can effectively monitor it by predicting the early signs of the disaster, at the same time responding to the situation earlier and preparing for the same. In short, IoT can change the reactive disaster management systems into predictive disaster management systems. Mobiles and daily used smart devices are also easily compatible with IoT based systems and hence no extra efforts are made to monitor alarming situations. The main advantage of IoT over traditional systems is the compatibility of the devices with each other. If the devices are designed using standardised and compatible technologies, additional devices can be easily integrated without disrupting the existing infrastructure.

 Idea for Implication (Use

Case)

One example of IoT for disaster management systems is a fire incident monitoring system. This system consists of a network of internet connected devices right from alarm systems in buildings, to remote monitoring and communication modules in vehicles of first responders like fire fighters, paramedics, police, disaster response forces, etc. and real time tracking of events on the ground by authorities in control rooms.

We implemented a prototype of the above system that alerts first responders of the occurrence of a fire accident as well as sends real time data of the situation on the ground. Our system also allowed first responders to communicate with one another and the control room. The system is specific to fire incidents but can be easily modified to assist in any kind of calamity.

The system provides real-time data of fire accidents and other such calamities to base stations and enables synchronisation between police, fire department, medical help, NDRF teams, etc. So that no component of the response-team is unaware of the situation and lacks support for the fight. This system contains a drone which can be used for monitoring from heights and get knowledge of people stuck inside the site of disaster. Drone is like an eattendant for help. The system consist of three modules; 1) Module-A: Module inside building 2) Module-B: Module with fire vehicle 3) Module-C: Module mounted on Drone

1) Module-A: Module inside building: This module is basically a fire alarm system. It consists of a temperature sensor and smoke sensor / gas sensor. When the sensors cross the threshold value an alarm is raised and the fire department is intimated. Once the alarm is raised the module starts collecting the data from the sensors and sends it to the cloud. This module will also provide the location through GPS. This data is accessed by the team handling the second module.

2) Module-B: Module with fire vehicle: The second module will be present on the fire truck. This module will access the data from the building via the cloud. All this data will be collected from the cloud by FPGA. This module will perform processing of data and segregate data so that each first responder team will get access to only required data; for example a) traffic police will get information about only the location so they can manage traffic in that area. b) Medical helpers will be provided data for casualties to take care of their procedures. More importantly this module will be in complete touch with the base station appointed to control the crisis. This module will also acquire data from a drone and have control over it. All communication will be enabled through wi-fi.

3) Module-C: Module mounted on Drone: Third module consists of a camera mounted on a drone. This camera can be used for monitoring from heights and getting knowledge of people stuck inside the site of disaster.

Traditional IoT systems use embedded devices like microcontrollers but in this system we have used an FPGA. It can greatly surpass the capabilities of microcontrollers due to their parallel architecture and concurring processing. This can significantly reduce the processing latency and increase processing power. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor device that consists of an array of configurable logic blocks. They are potentially a great option for IoT based systems because of their reconfigurability and faster processing. Nowadays, many FPGA manufacturing companies are creating devices that are specifically tailored for IoT applications and also have many ready-made application drivers that can help reduce the development time of devices. FPGAs can become the next generation of IoT devices.

Smoke Detector Heat Sensor Alarm GPS Module

Building

Drone Cloud

Standalone Module Full Duplex Comm. with Control Room & Other First Responders

Control Room/Fire Station

Fire Tender

Authors

Rishona Daniels is a Final Year student of the Electronics Engineering Department at Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Mumbai. She has served as the Secretary of IEEE SPIT Student Branch for 202021. She is interested in the domains of VLSI and Embedded Systems. She has interned at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.

Aishwarya Jagare is a Final Year student of the Electronics Engineering Department at Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Mumbai. She has been actively involved in the Rotaract Club of SPIT and the Enactus Committee of SPIT. She is interested in the field of VLSI and has interned at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.

Radhika Joglekar is a Final Year student of the Electronics Engineering Department at Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Mumbai. She is interested in the field of VLSI and has interned at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. She is also interested in Power Electronics.

Project Mentors

Dr. Surendra Rathod is a professor in the Electronics Engineering Department at Sardar Patel Institute of Technology, Mumbai. He has 22 years of teaching experience. He is the FSAI student development chair of the FSAI Mumbai Chapter. He is actively involved in many social and FSAI activities.

Prof. Payal Shah is a professor in the Electronics Engineering Department at Sardar Patel Institute of Technology, Mumbai. She has 22 years of teaching experience. Her domain of expertise are Electronics devices and circuits, Artificial Intelligence and Neuromorphic engineering

For more information visit: www.fsai.in

IOT Based Solution for On-Street and Off-Street Parking

- Mr. Kunal Sanghvi, Mr. Prasheel Shah, Mr. Aditya Shah, Dr. S.S. Rathod, Sardar Patel Institute of Technology, Mumbai

Preface: This article aims to solve the 'On-Street and OffStreet' parking problems (especially) in metro cities by creating a balance between the supply and demand of the parking slots, so as to reduce congestion and pollution as well. It helps solve parking woes by efficiently detecting the empty parking slots and portraying the real time data on an android app.

 Introduction Nowadays, rather than having a car, it's a great privilege to be an owner of a parking space. The number of cars on road are rising exponentially which is creating traffic congestion and parking problems. It is believed that drivers searching for a parking are estimated to be responsible for around 20 percent traffic congestion in major cities. In light of the current situation, respective municipal corporations have started taking actions by catering various solutions to these problems. To speak of parking problems, municipal corporations have/is creating many parking spaces. But eventually, most of them go empty all around because of lack of awareness and negligence. This problem is not only a worry for the Government, even large institutions, malls, private parking providers have a difficulty in managing parking spaces. So, to solve this problem, we came up with an idea of 'Smart Parking Solution'.

Smart parking can be defined as the use of advanced technologies for the efficient operation, monitoring, and management of parking within an area. It aims to provide a more balanced view by managing proper demand and supply of a parking slot(s). It has been adopted by many countries (especially European countries). But due to its complexity, it has not been accepted widely on a larger scale.

This article aims to build a fully automated system which helps users find the number of free or empty parking slots in real-time. Here, an idea has been proposed wherein a camera module is attached to a raspberry pi board which continuously takes live feed of the designated parking slots. The raspberry pi board has been fused with deep learning algorithms which process the feed and give a live update on the number of empty parking slots available. This availability is replicated on an android application which has to be installed in the user's mobile phone.  How this idea protects the security of the user

having a major parking concern?

The camera not only can be used for parking purposes but also a whole lot of other things related to security. It will give us a constant recording of 24 - hours feed of the parking spot and with feeds from multiple cameras the security of the entire parking lot is taken care of where the cameras would work as CCTV cameras.

Even though more people can now buy a car, there are still people who cannot afford one, but everyone today needs a car for their work and if they cannot afford one, they steal. In such a case if the deep learning model is trained with images of car robbery, so when the robbery takes place, the app notifies the user.

These days it is very difficult to find a parking space so many times it is observed that people park their vehicle in other's slot. Using this idea, we can avoid this parking. The user of the app can be notified if someone is parking in their slot thus avoiding wrong parking.

 How this idea will benefit its end users? The idea in the article is a good product for the government as well as for private organizations who can use it to solve the parking issue that they have been currently facing. This can help the people in a way where they can have so many benefits. Beginning with the time they save where they initially used to spend so much time looking for a place to park, now they can just find the right place from the app and go there directly. Secondly, they can save on fuel as earlier one has to drive to and from around the place for finding a place that is suitable for parking but now, they can directly drive to the place where they need to. Thirdly, people will know exactly where to park thus driving the people to parking zones directly and hence reducing the risk of eliminating heavy fines incurred due to parking in the "NO PARKING" zones. These are just a small part of the few benefits of having a smart parking system. The actual list of this can be huge and once the advantages are realized the actual need for a smart parking system will be understood.

 What are the different types of Smart Parking

Systems available?

The term Smart Parking was introduced many years ago