Evidence base saddle fitting 5 2004

EVIDENCE BASED SADDLE FIT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM MAY 11, 2004 By

Robert Ferrand Inventor / CEO

2995 Woodside Rd. Suite 400, Woodside, CA 94062 Phone 650 - 631631- 8400 E-mail – inventor@saddletech.com WWW.SADDLETECH.COM

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM ? .........................................…………………….

3

2. WHAT IS SADDLETECH SYSTEM?............................………………………..

3

3. WHAT IS EVIDENCE BASED SADDLE FIT? ................………………………... 3 4. WHAT IS A SADDLE FIT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM..................................…… 3 5. EVIDENCED BASED SADDLE FITTING FLOWCHART .............……………….. 4 6. HOW CAN AN EQUESTRIAN DETERMINE THAT THE SADDLE FITS? ......…….

5

7. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM THAT WE ARE TRYING TO SOLVE? ..............………

6

8. A CALIBRATED FEEDBACK LOOP IS THE SOLUTION ………………….……..

8

9. MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS ……………..……………………………….

9

10. SAMPLE HORSE MEASUREMENTS …………………………………………..

11

11. SAMPLE SADDLE MEASUREMENTS ………………………… ..............…….. 12 12. SAMPLE SADDLE SORTED BY SIZE ……………………....................,,,……. 13 13. SAMPLE HORSE & SADDLE MEASUREMENTS SORTED BY ANGLE …………. 14 14. SAMPLE HORSE & SADDLE MEASUREMENTS SORTED BY ARC…………….. 15 15. SAMPLE SCANS & MEASUREMENTS OF A “GOOD FIT” ..................……..

16

16. SAMPLE SCANS & MEASUREMENTS OF “BRIDGING SADDLE” .......…… 17 17. SAMPLE SCANS & MEASUREMENTS OF “NARROW SADDLE” ........……

18

18. THE ORTHOTIC SOLUTION – FITTING A CHANGING BACK .............………..

19

19. SADDLETECH LICENSING PROGRAMS ....................……………….……..

20

20. SADDLETECH LICENSING OPTIONS ..............…………..………………….

22

21. DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES.................…………………

23

22. SADDLETECH LICENSING PLANS ...............………………………………..

24

23. FOOTNOTES (PEER REVIEW CLINICAL RESEARCH) ...........………………

25

24. U.S. PATENT # 5,375,397………………….......................……………….

I

25. U.S. PATENT # 6,334,262 ………………......................…………….. …

II

26. SAMPLE SOLE SOURCE JUSTIFICATION …………………….……………..

III

27. SAMPLE LICENSING AGREEMENT …………………………………………

IV

28. EQUUS MAGAZINE - APRIL 2003 – “SADDLE FITTING ART & SCIENCE”

V

29. TRAIL BLAZER MAGAZINE – “SOLVING THE MYSTERY OF SADDLE FIT”

VI

30. “PRACTICAL USE OF A COMPUTER SADDLE PRESSURE MEASURE DEVICE”

VII

31. FERRAND’S SADDLE, BED MAY BUILD NEW LUNGS…………………….

VIII

2

TO SOLVE A PROBLEM, FIRST DEFINE IT PROPERLY 1.

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM ?

BY NATURE, ANIMALS’ BACKS ARE ALL DIFFERENT SHAPES AND SIZES AND CHANGE OVER TIME, DUE TO AGE OR EXERCISE IN CONTRAST, SADDLES, BY DESIGN, ARE NOT ADJUSTABLE REQUIRING A SADDLE FIT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM TO PROTECT THE HORSE FROM INJURY CAUSED BY THE NON-ADJUSTABLE SADDLE SHAPE.

WHAT IS THE SOLUTION ?

2.

A SADDLE FITTING METHOD THAT CAN APPLY THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD 1. Observe some aspect of the universe. SADDLETECH GAUGE MEASUREMENTS 2. Invent a description, called a hypothesis. or a mathematical relation FERRAND’S FORMULA 3. Use the hypothesis or formula to make predictions. WEIGHT COMPENSATION FACTOR 4. Test those predictions by experiments SADDLETECH PRESSURE MAPPING. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until there are no discrepancies FERRAND’S FORMULA CALIBRATION 3.

WHAT IS “EVIDENCE BASED” SADDLE FITTING ?

EVIDENCE BASED SADDLE FITTING IS THE EMPLOYMENT OF PHYSICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MATHEMATICS AS WELL AS PEER REVIEW CLINICAL RESEARCH AS THE BASIS FOR UNDERSTANDING SADDLE FITTING AND COUPLING THIS RESEARCH WITH MEASUREMENT DATA. BY EMPLOYING THREE FACTORS, A “FEEDBACK LOOP” CAN BE CREATED TO VALIDATE MEASUREMENT CRITERIA TO DETERMINE WHICH SADDLE “FITS” WHICH HORSE, BEFORE ANY DAMAGE CAN OCCUR AND BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE A SUPERIOR SADDLE FIT.

4. WHAT IS THE SADDLE FIT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ?

THE SADDLE FIT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM PROVIDES EQUESTRIANS AN “EVIDENCE-BASED” METHOD TO FIT A SADDLE, TO PROTECT HORSES FROM POTENTIAL SADDLE RELATED INJURY. EMPLOYING SADDLE MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY, THE FIT OF A GIVEN SADDLE CAN BE DETERMINED OBJECTIVELY. IF NECESSARY, USING THIS TECHNOLOGY, A CALIBRATED SADDLE “ORTHOTIC” CAN BE FIT TO THE HORSE TO CORRECT FOR POORLY FITTING SADDLES. THEREBY, MANAGING THE “FIT” OVER AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME.

5.

WHAT MAKE THE SADDLETHECH SYSTEM SO DIFFERENT ?

SADDLETECH TECHNOLOGY IS AN ARRAY OF MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS, THAT CAN NUMERICALLY DEFINE THE THREE DIMENSIONAL SHAPE OF THE UNMOUNTED HORSE’S BACK, EMPLOYING A FORMULA, THE EFFECT OF GRAVITY DUE TO THE RIDER’S WEIGHT, RELATIVE TO THE HORSE’S WEIGHT, CAN BE CALCULATED TO DETERMINE A NEW THREE DIMENSIONAL SHAPE THAT WILL “FIT” THE MOUNTED HORSE’S BACK. EMPLOYING THE COMPUTER PRESSURE MAPPING SYSTEM, THE ACCURACY OF THE FORMULA CAN BE CALIBRATED OR OBJECTIVELY VERIFIED.

6.

WHAT IS “NUMERICAL CONTROLLED CONTROLLED SADDLE FITTING” FITTING” ?

“NUMBERICAL CONTROLLED SADDLE FITTING” PROVIDES THE TREEMAKER, THE SADDLEMAKER, THE DISTRIBUTOR, THE TACK SHOP, THE SADDLE FITTER, THE VETERINARIAN, THE EQUESTRIAN AND THE HORSE A COMMON “OBJECTIVE” MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGETO DESCRIBE THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHAPE OF THE HORSE AND THE SADDLE, SO THAT A RELATIONSHIP CALLED “FIT” CAN BE DETERMINED

THE “EVIDENCE BASED” FEEDBACK LOOP PERMITS THE

SADDLETECH SADDLE FITTING SYSTEM TO BE THE MOST ACCURATE SADDLE FITTING METHOD AVAILABLE

3

4

6.

HOW CAN AN EQUESTRIAN DETERMINE THAT A SADDLE SADDLE FITS ?

For centuries, people have ridden horses with a multitude of different saddles, but with very little scientific understanding of the effect of the saddle on the horse. The issue of saddle fit is not only important in the context of the humane treatment of the horse, but has even greater importance to equestrians who participate in sports that demand greater athletic performance from the horse, riders who spend many hours on the trail, ranches that depend on their horses to move livestock and government agencies that employ horses under saddle.

Signs of saddle related trauma include behavior problems, tenderness, loss of hair, white hairs, open sores, and certain forms of lameness. The problem is that equestrians cannot determine this damage until it is too late to return the saddle, because the saddle will show signs of wear before the horse will show signs of trauma, HOW CAN EQUESTRIANS DETERMINE WHICH SADDLE “FITS” BEFORE THE DAMAGE OCCURS? FIRST, WHAT IS GOOD SADDLE FIT? A SADDLE THAT “FITS” MEANS THE SHAPE OF THE SADDLE THAT IS IN CONTACT WITH THE HORSE’S BACK IS IN THE SAME SHAPE AS THE MOUNTED HORSE’S BACK. QUITE SIMPLY, THE GOAL OF GOOD SADDLE FITTING IS TO ADJUST THE SHAPE OF THE SADDLE PANEL IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE SADDLE CREATES AN EVEN PRESSURE THROUGHOUT THE LENGTH OF THE CONTACT AREA WHEN THE RIDER IS MOUNTED.

If the shape of the panel is FLATTER than the shape of the horse's back, the saddle will "BRIDGE", touching only in the front and the back on both sides of the spine. If the shape of the panel is MORE CURVED than the shape of the horse's back, the saddle will "ROCK", touching only in the middle, on either side of the spine. If the saddle only touches front and back on either side of the horse it is "TWISTED." Current methods of saddle fitting include using baling wire, flexible curves, cardboard templates, plaster casts, thermoforms, and pegboards. The disadvantage to these devices and methods is that they claim to be able to determine the “mirror” image of the horse’s back. These methods, even if they were actually able to determine the three-dimensional shape, would cause a significant error, because of the effect of gravity, due to the effect of the weight of the rider on the shape of the horse’s back is not considered.

WHILE THE CURRENT COMMERCIAL UNDERSTANDING OF SADDLE FIT ASSUMES THAT THE SHAPE OF THE “MIRROR-IMAGE” OF THE UNMOUNTED HORSE’S BACK IS THE PREFERRED SADDLE FIT, COMMON SENSE AND COMPUTER INTERFACE PRESSURE MEASUREMENT HAVE PROVEN THIS IS NOT TRUE.

To make matters even more difficult, even if the equestrians were able to determine the three-dimensional shape of the horse’s back with one of these devices, the saddle industry only labels saddles with relative terms like, narrow, regular or wide or “Quarter horse fit” or “Arab fit”.

The problem is these “TERMS” are totally meaningless, because there are no numerical values, measurement standards, or quality control supporting these terms. In this environment, saddle manufacturers label saddles with any TERM they want, so no one can really determine the size.

To simply illustrate why it is mathematically impossible for two or even three sizes of saddles to fit the multitude of different horse back shapes: if one takes cross sections of the horse’s back in only three places 1, 2, & 3 and then only considers two different sizes at each cross section and then only considers two angles A & B between each cross section the permutation would be 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 = 32 different combinations. With over 80 breeds of horses and as many crossbreeds there is no way that one, two or even three sizes could fit the majority of horse’s backs.

THE TRUTH IS WITHOUT CALIBRATED MEASUREMENT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DETERMINE FIT !

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7. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM THAT THAT WE ARE TRYING TO SOLVE ?

GOOD SADDLE FIT IS THE MANAGEMENT OF PRESSURE IN A MANNER THAT PREVENTS INJURY.

There is no way to eliminate the pressure under the saddle; however, there is a need to understand what the horse's tissues need to remain healthy. With that knowledge we can learn how to INTELLIGENTLY APPLY PRESSURE to the horse's back. As a practical matter, if we do not see any damage to the horse’s skin we assume that the saddle fits, but is that an accurate assumption?

Skin and muscle tissue require a constant intermittent flow of blood to remain healthy.i In strenuous exercise the muscles require significantly more blood flow to maintain a healthy metabolism. This exchange of oxygen and waste products occurs in the capillary bed.

The saddle fitting problems occur when the saddle causes continuous excessive pressure on the capillaries that exceeds the blood 0.5 PSI pressure and structural strength of those vessels and the capillary vessels collapse. This collapse leads to the deprivation of oxygen and nutrients brought by fresh blood and the removal of waste products.ii CAPILLARY CLOSING PRESSURE IS THE CRITICAL ISSUE IN PREVENTING SADDLE-RELATED TRAUMA Physiologically the mean arterial pressure in the horse is 0.25 PSI between 0.5 - 0.75 PSI and venous return pressure is between 0.25 - 0.33 PSI. The venous capillaries are several times as permeable as the arterial capillaries. For determining fluid movement through the capillary membrane the lower venous capillary pressures of 0.25 PSI are much more important than the higher arterial capillary pressures.

SO HOW MUCH EXTERNAL PRESSURE DOES IT TAKE TO STOP THE FLOW OF BLOOD? This can be determined by measuring the amount of a radioactive isotope 133 Xe. that is present in the capillary as external pressure is applied. One can observe that as external pressure .25 PSI increases, the blood flow reduces. What is most notable is that pressures as low as 0.25 P.S.I. can reduce the flow 1 PSI by as much as 60%.iii AT 1 PSI THE BLOOD FLOW IS VIRTUALLY STOPPED. NUMEROUS CLINICAL STUDIES CONFIRM THAT AS LITTLE AS 1 PSI FOR 1 HOUR CAN CAUSE NOTICABLE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MAMMALIAN TISSUE. Serious saddle fitting problems develop particularly on "bridging" saddles in a few hours, because pressures can easily reach 4 PSI. This excessive pressure not only cuts off the blood supply, but can additionally traumatize the muscle tissue itself. Muscle is far more susceptible to trauma than skin.

In all cases pressure release is followed by reactive hyperemia and the parts originally starved of arterial blood are instantly flooded with oxygen. The extent and duration of the blood in flow is proportional to the needs of the tissues.iv In another study performed at University of Georgia on a horse using an ultrasonic pressure sensor and a compression bandage, one can observe that the blood flow decreases significantly with the application of pressure, however, when released the blood flow increases beyond the original base flow.v This is a clinical verification of reactive hyperemia and reveals what happens to the tissue when the saddle is removed i.e. heat bump.

6

For a given pressure applied to the surface of the skin (interface pressure) capillary closure pressure will vary from horse to horse, as well as location to location on the horse, depending on the amount of fat, location of adjacent bone, status of the vascular system, systemic blood pressure and general health and age of the animal.vi A critical discovery in tissue research was that in a given location, pressure is not even throughout the tissue. Clinical studies have established that the internal pressure close to bones is three to five times higher than on the surface.vii Since the back muscles of the horse lie adjacent to the spine, internal pressure can traumatize the muscle tissue and not be seen.

This principle is easily demonstrated with a simple sponge as illustrated in this example. One can observe that when two different size areas are pressed towards each other, the smaller area will create higher pressures. Weight divided by surface area equals interface pressure. This is shown by the lines moving closer together nearest the smaller surface.

This explains why “bridging” saddles cause such high pressures.

By significantly reducing the contact area between the saddle and the horse, the weight is transferred onto a very small area on the wither and the loin of the horse – significantly increasing pressure.

The most important issue to remember with tissue trauma is that higher pressures do damage in shorter periods of time, however, even low pressure for long periods of time can do damage.viii This graph illustrates the pointix This is significant to saddle fit because the fit of the saddle relates to how much time one can ride before causing trauma to the horse.

Obviously, if the saddle fits, one can ride the horse longer without sustaining damage than a saddle that bridges and causes high pressures.

However, even a saddle that fits well can do damage if the pressure is not relieved every few hours.

SO WHAT DO WE "REALLY" KNOW ABOUT THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SADDLE FIT? The clinical research on a variety of mammals has established the following factors to give us a better understanding of the issues relating to saddle fit.

Tissue damage is a function of pressure over time.x Pressure is not distributed evenly throughout tissue.xi Pressure on the surface of the skin increases 3 - 5 X close to bones.xii Muscle is more susceptible to pressure damage than skin.xiii Low pressure for long periods of time is more damaging than high pressure for short periods of time.xiv v Microscopic pathological changes have been noted in mammalian tissues subjected to as little as 1 PSI (Pounds Per Square Inch) for one hour. xv v v v v v

SO HOW FAR CAN I PUSH MY LUCK? THE GOAL OF GOOD SADDLE FIT IS TO ACHIEVE UNIFORM SADDLE PANEL PRESSURES NEAR 1 PSI. THE REAL PROBLEM IS THAT MOST SADDLES BRIDGE CAUSE PRESSURE OF 3 - 4 PSI. “BRIDGING” IS DIGITAL - MEANING THAT MORE BRIDGE DOES NOT CAUSE MORE PRESSURE, ONCE THE SADDLE BRIDGES, IT WILL CAUSE HIGH PRESSURE, IF UNRELIEVED FOR MORE THAN TWO HOURS SOME DAMAGE WILL PROBABLY OCCUR – THE ISSUE IS PRESSURE OVER TIME. THERE IS NO “SORT OF FIT”.

EITHER IT FITS OR IT DOES NOT FIT. “FIT” CAN ONLY BE DETERMINED BY CALIBRATED MEASUREMENT !

7

8. A CALIBRATED FEEDBACK

LOOP IS THE SOLUTION.

While the current commercial understanding of saddle fit assumes that the shape of the mirror image of the horse’s back is the preferred saddle fit, objective interface pressure measurement has proven this not to be true. The degree of this error is relative to the weight of the rider relative to the weight of the horse. The degree of damage is proportional to the degree of this error and the length of time the saddle is ridden on the horse.

By employing the Saddletech Computer Saddle Fitting System it has been revealed that the effect of gravity, due to the weight of the rider, causes sufficient deflection to the animal’s back to cause the saddle fit to the “mirror image” of the “unmounted” horse’s back, not to fit.

The reason for this is that the horse’s back sags a little bit under the additional rider weight, which is significant enough to cause “bridging”, meaning that the saddle only touches on the wither and the loin of the animal. In time, this will injure the horse.

A more significant disadvantage to all prior devices and methods to fit saddles is that these devices and methods do not provide any numerical or calibrated measurement. Without numerical values the error in these devices or in the saddles, cannot be determined or corrected.

More importantly without measurement quality control is virtually impossible, making it difficult to duplicate or correct for any errors in the saddle’s fit.

However, by employing this interface pressure Ferrand’s Formula measurement device in conjunction with a three dimensional measurement gauge, the amount of deflection in the horse’s Weight Compensation Factor

spine caused by the weight of the rider can be determined and reduced to a formula and the formula can be adjusted to

Rider Weight

Established Rider Weight

Established Horse Weight

RW - C

WCF =

----------------B

Horse Weight

Z - HW

+

--------------Y

compensate for additional factors. By employing a mathematical formula any hysterisis or errors in the measurement instruments themselves or the saddles can be corrected by calibration.

By using the Saddletech Gauge, Saddletech Adjustable Jig and the Saddletech Computer Saddle Fitting System to measure and build saddles a feedback loop is created Patents Pending

permitting true quality control and database management.

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Incremental Weight

Incremental Weight

9. MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS

SADDLETECH GAUGE MK I I THREE DIMENSIONAL HORSE AND SADDLE MEASUREMENT

90

25

120

130

0

MEASURE THE HORSE

5

140

ANGLE ARC

MEASURE THE SADDLE

9

SADDLETECH SIZING STAND The Saddles, Trees and Orthotics are measured in THREE DIMENSIONS

SADDLETECH PRESSURE MAPPING SYSTEM

This permits an objective method to determine which saddles do or do not fit.

MORE IMPORTANTLY, THIS TECHNOLOGY PERMITS A METHOD TO VERIFY AND/OR CALIBRATE THE THREE DIMENSIONAL GAUGE AND FORMULA IN ORDER TO CORRECT THE SADDLE FIT. 10

10. SAMPLE HORSE MEASUREMENTS AN ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF HORSE’S & MEASUREMENTS Weight

HORSE

Wither Angle

Sholder Arc

Angle

Back Arc

Angle

Loin Arc

Angle

Arc

Angle

775

ANDANTINA

A

95

15

95

25

110

0

117

15

120

1100

BUBBA

B

100

30

105

12

118

0

125

8

130

1100

JACK

C

100

18

100

30

120

15

125

4

132

1050

NINA

D

105

30

120

10

125

7

130

22

130

1000

NOCHI

E

95

27

100

27

115

0

120

12

130

1000

PONCHO

F

90

24

95

30

120

7

125

17

125

900

PULGAR

G

90

23

100

22

117

5

120

15

125

850

RENA

H

105

25

117

25

130

7

120

10

130

1100

SCAT

I

85

25

95

23

120

4

125

6

130

1000

SKIPPER

J

105

30

100

22

125

10

130

20

130

1100

SMOKIE

K

90

32

100

20

120

3

130

12

130

1150

STAR

L

85

30

95

35

115

0

125

10

130

950

TRIXY

M

95

20

100

30

120

6

125

16

127

HORSES MEASUREMENT SORTED BY SIZE Weight

HORSE

Wither Angle

Arc

Shlder Angle

Arc

Cntr Angle

Arc

Back Angle

Arc

Loin Angle

1100

SCAT

I

85

25

95

23

120

4

125

6

130

1150

STAR

L

85

30

95

35

115

0

125

10

130

900

PULGAR

G

90

23

100

22

117

5

120

15

125

1000

PONCHO

F

90

24

95

30

120

7

125

17

125

1100

SMOKIE

K

90

32

100

20

120

3

130

12

130

775

ANDANTINA

A

95

15

95

25

110

0

117

15

120

950

TRIXY

M

95

20

100

30

120

6

125

16

127

1000

NOCHI

E

95

27

100

27

115

0

120

12

130

1100

JACK

C

100

18

100

30

120

15

125

4

132

1100

BUBBA

B

100

30

105

12

118

0

125

8

130

850

RENA

H

105

25

117

25

130

7

120

10

130

1050

NINA

D

105

30

120

10

125

7

130

22

130

1000

SKIPPER

J

105

30

100

22

125

10

130

20

130

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11. SAMPLE SADDLE MEASUREMENTS

AN ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SADDLES 1 2

80 85

30 90 15 120 35 100 20 130

4 1

140 140

16 10

135 140

ABERCRMBIE ALLAN RANCH 4-86-00

3 4

85 80

40 100 20 120 30 90 15 120

7 5

140 130

10 20

140 130

ALLAN RANCH 6-132-97 B&C 2 - MOD

5

85

40 100 13 122

7

120

15

125

B&C 5404

6 7 8

85 85 85

40 100 13 125 35 95 15 120 28 100 20 135

0 9 3

140 130 130

18 12 14

130 130 140

B&C BARREL 7435 B&G BIG HORN 824

9 10

85 80

33 100 13 120 35 90 20 130

2 5

140 145

12 10

145 140

BIG HORN 828 DOUBLE J

11 12

80 80

30 32

20 125 20 120

5 3

130 140

15 20

130 135

GK WESTERN ORTHOFLEX

13

80

37 100 15 122

4

140

15

140

ORTHOFLEX SN AO

14 15

80 85

30 95 13 125 33 110 14 130

4 8

140 140

20 10

140 140

SHARON SARE SADDLE TEST # 2

16

85

32 100 20 120

5

130

5

135

SADDLE TEST # 5

17 18

85 85

36 105 24 135 38 105 28 135

4 8

145 145

10 12

145 145

SADDLE TEST # 6 SADDLE TEST # 6 High Arc ?

19 20

85 85

30 20

95 90

18 125 18 130

0 0

135 130

22 20

140 120

STEEL AQH STEEL FY16

21

85

25

94

25 140

4

140

23

145

STEEL SQE

22 23

80 75

30 35

90 90

17 120 22 125

4 2

140 140

20 15

135 130

TEX FLEX WILSON CUSTOM

24

85

40 100 13 125

0

140

18

130

WOOPIDOO REINER

90 90

12

12. SAMPLE SADDLE MEASUREMENTS SADDLES SORTED BY SIZE 23

75

35

90

22

125

2

140

15

130

WILSON CUSTOM

1

80

30

90

15

120

4

140

16

135

ABERCRMBIE

4

80

30

90

15

120

5

130

20

130

B&C 2 - MOD

22

80

30

90

17

120

4

140

20

135

TEX FLEX

11

80

30

90

20

125

5

130

15

130

GK WESTERN

14

80

30

95

13

125

4

140

20

140

SHARON SARE

12

80

32

90

20

120

3

140

20

135

ORTHOFLEX 2

10

80

35

90

20

130

5

145

10

140

DOUBLE J

13

80

37

100

15

122

4

140

15

140

ORTHOFLEX SN AO

20

85

20

90

18

130

0

130

20

120

STEEL FY16

21

85

25

94

25

140

4

140

23

145

STEEL SQE

8

85

28

100

20

135

3

130

14

140

BIG HORN 824

19

85

30

95

18

125

0

135

22

140

STEEL AQH

16

85

32

100

20

120

5

130

5

135

SADDLE TEST # 5

9

85

33

100

13

120

2

140

12

145

BIG HORN 828

15

85

33

110

14

130

8

140

10

140

SADDLE TEST # 2

7

85

35

95

15

120

9

130

12

130

B&G

2

85

35

100

20

130

1

140

10

140

ALLAN RANCH 4-86-00

17

85

36

105

24

135

4

145

10

145

SADDLE TEST # 6

18

85

38

105

28

135

8

145

12

145

SADDLE TEST # 6 High Arc

5

85

40

100

13

122

7

120

15

125

B&C 5404

6

85

40

100

13

125

0

140

18

130

B&C BARREL 7435

24

85

40

100

13

125

0

140

18

130

WOOPIDOO REINER

3

85

40

100

20

120

7

140

10

140

ALLAN RANCH 6-132-97

13

13 . SAMPLE HORSE / SADDLE MEASUREMENTS / SORTED BY ANGLE SORTED BY WITHER ANGLE HORSE

Wither

Shoulder

Angle Arc

SCAT

Angle

SADDLE

Loin

Back

Arc Angle Arc Angle Arc Angle

23 1 4 22 11 14 12 10 13 20 21

75 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 85 85

35 30 30 30 30 30 32 35 37 20 25

90 90 90 90 90 95 90 90 100 90 94

22 15 15 17 20 13 20 20 15 18 25

125 120 120 120 125 125 120 130 122 130 140

2 4 5 4 5 4 3 5 4 0 4

140 140 130 140 130 140 140 145 140 130 140

15 16 20 20 15 20 20 10 15 20 23

130 135 130 135 130 140 135 140 140 120 145

I

85

25

95

23

120

4

125

6

130

8 19

85 85

28 30

100 95

20 135 18 125

3 0

130 135

14 22

140 140

L

85

30

95

35

115

0

125

10

130

16 9 15 7 2 17 18 5 6 24 3

85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85

32 33 33 35 35 36 38 40 40 40 40

100 100 110 95 100 105 105 100 100 100 100

20 13 14 15 20 24 28 13 13 13 20

120 120 130 120 130 135 135 122 125 125 120

5 2 8 9 1 4 8 7 0 0 7

130 140 140 130 140 145 145 120 140 140 140

5 12 10 12 10 10 12 15 18 18 10

135 145 140 130 140 145 145 125 130 130 140

PULGAR

G

90

23

100

22

117

5

120

15

125

PONCHO

F

90

24

95

30

120

7

125

17

125

SMOKIE

K

90

32

100

20

120

3

130

12

130

ANDANTINA

A

95

15

95

25

110

0

117

15

120

TRIXY

M

95

20

100

30

120

6

125

16

127

NOCHI

E

95

27

100

27

115

0

120

12

130

JACK

C

100

18

100

30

120

15

125

4

132

BUBBA

B

100

30

105

12

118

0

125

8

130

RENA

H

105

25

117

25

130

7

120

10

130

SKIPPER

J

105

30

100

22

125

10

130

20

130

NINA

D

105

30

120

10

125

7

130

22

130

STAR

14

WILSON CUSTOM ABERCRMBIE B&C 2 - MOD TEX FLEX GK WESTERN SHARON SARE ORTHOFLEX DOUBLE J ORTHOFLEX SN AO STEEL FY16 STEEL SQE BIG HORN 824 STEEL AQH SADDLE TEST # 5 BIG HORN 828 SADDLE TEST # 2 B&G ALLAN RANCH 4-86-00 SADDLE TEST # 6 SADDLE TEST # 6 High Arc B&C 5404 B&C BARREL 7435 WOOPIDOO REINER ALLAN RANCH 6-132-97

13. SAMPLE HORSE & SADDLE SADDLE MEASUREMENTS / SORTED BY ARC SORTED BY WITHER ARC ANDANTINA

A

95

15

95

25

110

0

117

JACK

C

100

18

100

30

120

#

125

20

85

20

90

18 130

0 130

20 120

TRIXY

M

95

20

100

30

120

6

125

16 127

PULGAR

G

90

23

100

22

117

5

120

15 125

PONCHO

F

90

24

95

30

120

7

125

17 125

21

85

25

94

25 140

4 140

23 145

SCAT

I

85

25

95

23

120

4

125

6

RENA

H

105

25

117

25

130

7

120

10 130

NOCHI

E

95

27

100

27

115

0

120

12 130

8

85

28

100 20 135

3 130

14 140

NINA

D

105

30

120

10

125

7

130

22 130

BUBBA

B

100

30

105

12

118

0

125

8

130

14 1 4 22 19 11

80 80 80 80 85 80

30 30 30 30 30 30

95 90 90 90 95 90

13 15 15 17 18 20

125 120 120 120 125 125

4 4 5 4 0 5

140 140 130 140 135 130

20 16 20 20 22 15

140 135 130 135 140 130

SKIPPER

J

105

30

100

22

125

#

130

20 130

STAR

L

85

30

95

35

115

0

125

10 130

12 16

80 85

32 32

90 20 120 100 20 120

3 140 5 130

20 135 5 135

K

90

32

100

20

120

3

130

12 130

9 15 7 10 2 23 17 13 18 6 24 5 3

85 85 85 80 85 75 85 80 85 85 85 85 85

33 33 35 35 35 35 36 37 38 40 40 40 40

100 110 95 90 100 90 105 100 105 100 100 100 100

13 14 15 20 20 22 24 15 28 13 13 13 20

120 130 120 130 130 125 135 122 135 125 125 122 120

2 8 9 5 1 2 4 4 8 0 0 7 7

140 140 130 145 140 140 145 140 145 140 140 120 140

12 10 12 10 10 15 10 15 12 18 18 15 10

SMOKIE

15

15 120 4

132

STEEL FY16

STEEL SQE

130

145 140 130 140 140 130 145 140 145 130 130 125 140

BIG HORN 824

SHARON SARE ABERCRMBIE B&C 2 - MOD TEX FLEX STEEL AQH GENE KRAL

ORTHOFLEX SADDLE TEST # 5 BIG HORN 828 SADDLE TEST # 2 B&G DOUBLE J ALLAN RANCH 4-86-00 WILSON CUSTOM SADDLE TEST # 6 ORTHOFLEX SN AO SADDLE TEST# 6 H Arc B&C BARREL 7435 WOOPIDOO REINER B&C 5404 ALLAN RANCH 6-132-97

14. SAMPLE SCANS & MEASUREMENTS EXAMPLE OF A GOOD FIT The following scan and associated calculation is an example of a “GOOD FIT”. This saddle is a 150 year old Australian design used by the author on his Missouri Fox Trotter, Ace, for trail use. The unique feature of this design is that the panels in contact with the horse are ADJUSTABLE. his is accomplished by a cow hair panel that is covered by a wool serge. The initial fit can be accomplished by moving the horse hair with an ice pick inserted through the wool serge cover into the panel. By employing the Gauge and then Computer Interface Pressure Measurement, subtle corrections can be made to refine the “fit” of the saddle to the individual horse to achieve the results illustrated below.

This horse and saddle were measured with an “English” Gauge” with 8 wings as opposed to the 10 wing Western Gauge which was used in the test described in this report.

Nonetheless, the principle is the same and the scan is representative of the low pressures around 1 PSI that can be achieved even with over 200 lbs. of rider and saddle on a 1100 lbs. horse. Please note the uniform blue color from the front to the back of the saddle.

Horse Measurement

100

130 25

Horse Lbs

140 10

1100 WCF

=

140 5

Rider Lbs. 3.67

220

Weight Compensated Measurement 100 130 140 140 29 10 9 Saddle Measurement

100

130

140

29

10

Saddle Variance 0 Angle 0 0 Arc

0

0

Percentage Accuracy Overall Angle 100 % 100 %

16

140 9

0 0

Arc 99

%

16. SAMPLE SCANS & MEASUREMENTS OF BRIDGING SADDLE

Horse Measurement 95 95 110 15 25 Horse Lbs

120 15

Rider Lbs. 5.6

775

WCF

117 0

=

200

Weight Compensated Measurement 95 95 110 117 120 21 25 0 15 Saddle Measurement 85 110 130 33 14

8

# 15 140 140 10

Saddle Variance - Angles & Arcs -10 Ang 15 20 23 -11 8 Arc 12.4 Percentage Accuracy Overall Angle 38 % 12 %

Horse Measurement 90 100 117 23 22 Horse Lbs

900

WCF

=

20 -5

Arc 64 %

#

G

120 5

125 15

Rider Lbs. 4.3

200

Weight Compensated Measurement 90 100 117 120 125 27 22 5 15 Saddle Measurement 85 110 130 33 14

17

8

# 15 140 140 10

Saddle Variance - Angles & Arcs -5 Ang 10 13 20 -8 3 Arc 5.67

-5

Percentage Accuracy Overall Angle 58 % 37 %

%

Arc 78

15

17. SAMPLE SCANS & MEASUREMENTS OF A NARROW SADDLE

Horse Measurement 100 105 30 12 Horse Lbs

118

130 8

Rider Lbs. 2.3

1100

WCF

125 0

=

200

Weight Compensated Measurement 100 105 118 125 130 32 12 0 8 Saddle Measurement 80 90 35 20

# 130 5

Saddle Variance - Angles & Arcs -20 Ang -15 12 Arc 2.67 8 5 Percentage Accuracy Overall 53 %

10 145

140 10

20

10 2

Angle Arc 23 % 82 %

Horse Measurement # C 100 100 120 125 132 18 30 15 4 Horse Lbs

1100

WCF

=

Rider Lbs. 2.3

Weight Compensated Measurement 100 100 120 125 20 30 15 Saddle Measurement 80 90 125 30 20

132 4

# 11 130 130 5 15

Saddle Variance - Angles & Arcs -20 Ang -10 5 -10 -10 Arc 9.67

5

Percentage Accuracy Overall Angle Arc 59 % 58 % 59

18

200

-2 11

%

18. THE ORTHOTIC SOLUTION / FITTING A CHANGING BACK Some people believe that they can get around the problem of saddle fit by using a particular type of saddle pad. Saddle pads can only provide subtle improvements to a saddle that fits.

HOWEVER, A POORLY FITTING SADDLE CANNOT BE PROPERLY FITTED BY JUST ADDING A SADDLE PAD, REGARDLESS OF THE CLAIMS MADE BY SADDLE PAD MANUFACTURERS.

The Laws of Physics dictate that regardless of the type of material that makes up the saddle pad that material will become compressed or denser under the weight of the rider. So rather than being softer in the higher pressure areas, the pads are actually denser or harder right where we want the opposite to be true. Unfortunately, until the Laws of Physics are repealed, saddle pads will have a limited “utility” in correcting for poor saddle fit, because the real problem is the difference between the shape of the saddle relative to the shape of the horse’s back, and until that is corrected - no pad made of a uniform density material can correct for the discrepancy caused but an incorrectly shaped saddle.

THE SOLUTION IS TO CORRECT FOR THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SADDLE AND THE HORSE

The challenge to any effort to fit a horse with a saddle, over a number of years, is that the shape of the horse’s back is changing, so any attempt to view saddle fit as a static occurrence is prone to failure. The Saddletech “ORTHOTIC” has been designed from the beginning to be adjustable and replaceable, so that the ORTHOTIC can easily be “refit” to the shape of the horse, over time.

The “ORTHOTIC’ is adjusted to the Saddletech Gauge Measurements and Formula as well as to the Saddletech Computer Interface Pressure Measurements permitting a ‘FEEDBACK LOOP’ to fine tune the accuracy of the fit for that horse, saddle and rider for that moment in time, providing ‘‘EVIDENCE BASED PROOF OF FIT”.

The Orthotic is made of PETG thermoplastic inserted above an open cell foam and fleece. The plastic itself is flexible. However, that flexibility is dependant on the accuracy of the saddle fit itself. If the saddle “FITS” the Orthotic can flex to some degree. However, if the saddle DOES NOT FIT, the ORTHOTIC must overcome the poor fit of the saddle and is put under stress and cannot flex as much. This “flexibility” can be controlled by shimming the saddle to the orthotic.

With an extra set of pockets to hold “bean bag shims” which contour to the difference between the saddle and the orthotic, the balance of the saddle as well as the distribution of pressure on the orthotic is also adjustable - permitting the full use of the material properties of the plastic to flex with the horse’s back.

The ORTHOTIC also has the unique feature of “SCAPULA RELIEF”. You will note that the front of the bar has a significant relief to permit the horse’s scapula to move backward without obstruction. On asymmetrical horses this relief can be adjusted asymmetrically. Another unique feature is that there is NO pad material over the withers of the horse. Saddle Pads can apply pressure on the top of the wither by a hammocking effect from the saddle pressing down on the sides of the pad – No Pad / No Pressure.

The ORTHOTIC facilitates Saddle Fit Management due to 1. The accuracy of the measurement method, 2. The flexibility of the manufacturing process, and 3. The computer “feedback loop” providing objective validation of saddle fit.

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19. SADDLETECH LICENSING PROGRAMS CONTINUING TO EXTEND ITS LEADERSHIP IN HORSE AND SADDLE MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION, SADDLETECH.COM, INVENTOR OF THE SADDLETECH SYSTEM, HAS FOUR SADDLETECH DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMS, TO ENABLE SADDLE MAKERS, TACK SHOPS, SADDLE FITTERS, CHIROPRACTORS, VETERINARIANS AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES TO EMPLOY SADDLETECH TECHNOLOGY THROUGH FOUR DIFFERENT LICENSING PROGRAMS, TO MEET THE INCREASING NEED OF THE EQUESTRIAN COMMUNITY FOR PROPERLY FITTED SADDLES. CONSISTING OF FOUR TIERS, THE SADDLETECH DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED TO BUILD A SADDLE INDUSTRY ECOSYSTEM AROUND SADDLETECH PRODUCTS INCLUDING ITS FLAGSHIP PRODUCT THE SADDLETECH COMPUTER SADDLE FITTING SYSTEM, THE SADDLETECH GAUGE, AND NEWEST PRODUCT THE SADDLETECH ORTHOTIC. THESE NEW PROGRAMS ALSO GIVE DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS, CERTIFIED CONSULTANTS, AND TRUSTED MANUFACTURERS, AND GOVERNEMENT AGENCIES THE TOOLS AND RESOURCES TO EXPAND THEIR OWN BUSINESS OFFERINGS WITH PATENTED SADDLETECH TECHNOLOGY.

Measurement Provider The entry level SADDLETECH Distribution Program is the Measurement Provider Program: designed for Saddlemakers, Tack Shops, Saddle Fitters, Chiropractor, and Veterinarians interested in providing their clients basic horse and saddle measurement. Interested partners must have proven experience in the equine industry. Program benefits include two levels: Basic Measurement Providers are able to use the Saddletech Mk II Gauge to measure horses and saddles as well as to be able to measure for SADDLETECH ORTHOTICS. Intermediate Measurement Providers are additionally provided with a Mk II SADDLETECH SIZING STAND to measure saddles and be able to enter saddle measurement data into a saddle database, so that customers can more easily find a saddle that “FITS”. The Saddletech Mk III Gauge is provided to Veterinary Clinics to measure horses with Asymmetrical Scapulae or Scoliosis. This program provides partners a significant return on investment through discounts on Saddletech Orthotics.

THE FOLLOWING GRAPHS ARE FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSES ONLY AND DO NOT INFER ANYTHING, THEY ARE ONLY MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS. EACH INDIVIDUAL SHOULD MAKE THEIR OWN CALCULATION TO DETERMINE FINANICIAL VIABILITY IN THEIR REGION OF THE COUNTRY. ADDITIONALLY, SADDLETECH OFFERS A WIDE VARIETY OF LICENSING PLANS WHICH WILL ALSO EFFECT THIS CALCULATION AS WELL AS PROFITABILITY.

20

Certified Consultant The second component of the SADDLETECH Distribution Program is the Advanced - Certified Consultant Program, which is designed as a credential program for the technical professionals who specialize in more complex or high performance saddle fitting.

This Certification level is earned based on criteria such as: attendance at advanced technical training, the successful completion of assessment tests, and number of client references.

Program benefits include all the advantages of the “Measurement Provider” Program, such as wholesale discounts on Saddletech Orthotics, but also permits additional revenue to be generated through “Computer” Fitting of Saddletech Orthotics which also permits clients to offer the “Saddletech Saddle Fit Management Program.”. Certified Consultants can acquire additional revenue by providing Saddletech Demonstration Clinics.

Trusted Manufacturer The third new SADDLETECH distribution program, is designed to provide saddle manufacturers, larger tack shops and veterinary clinics, who want to provide clients an “inhouse” saddle fitting solution. Level 3 - SADDLETECH Trusted Manufacturers are provided the complete array of Saddletech Technology, including the SADDLETECH COMPUTER SADDLE FITTING SYSTEM, THE SADDLETECH Mk II GAUGE, SADDLETECH Mk II ADJUSTABLE JIG, SADDLETECH INFRARED OVEN, permitting them to manufacture the newest product, the SADDLETECH ORTHOTIC, on an “independent” basis. A Trusted Manufacturer will be able to integrate their own product line with the Saddletech Technology and have the opportunity to develop professional alliances with other distribution partners nationwide to increase market share. This program will require the manufacturer to secure “ISO 9001:2000 CERTIFICATION”.

Government Agencies The SADDLETECH Government “Saddle Fit Management Program”, Level 4, is the highest Saddletech Standard available, is intended to provide U.S. Government Agencies that employ horses under saddle a “self-reliant” and "EVIDENCE BASED" method to fit saddles to U.S. Government Livestock, that can meet “Military Specifications” or “Ï SO 9001:2000 Standards” to protect the animals from potential saddle related injury,. Under this Saddletech Program individual standards are developed to meet specific requirements and protocols required by the individual government agency.

21

20. Saddletech Licensing Options OPTION 1. Saddletech Gauge Mk II – Rent, Service, Promotion, Incentive, Differentiation Provide Gauge to saddle customers to substantially increase accuracy, reduce returns, Satisfy customers, and gain market advantage over competitors. Up sell ORTHOTICS OPTION 2. Saddletech Gauge Mk III– Veterinary Referral Provide saddle measurement of horses with asymmetrical scapulae or scoliosis. Up sell ORTHOTICS for difficult to fit horses or high performance horses.

OPTION 3. Saddletech Stand Mk II – Database Development Measure all incoming saddles and enter three-dimensional measurement into database.

This permits to gain quality control over saddle measurements and set specifications for saddle manufacturing.

OPTION 4. Saddletech Gauge Mk II – Rent, Service, Promotion, Incentive, Differentiate Provide SADDLETECH GAUGE rentals on-line and thereby providing customers and other Saddletech Licensees access to saddle database to increase sales volume.

OPTION 5. Saddletech Computer Saddle Fitting System – Rent, Service, Differentiate Providing SADDLETECH COMPUTER SADDLE FITTING as a service and profit center.

Establishes clear market differentiation in region and competitive advantage. Use to Significantly increase accuracy and customer satisfaction. Permits veterinary referrals as well as “Computer Saddle Fit Clinics” to draw additional customers. Up sell “Computer Fit ORTHOTICS” which also permits providing the “Saddletech Saddle Fit Management Program” on a quarterly basis for high performance horses and additional income.

OPTION 6. Saddletech Trusted Manufacturer – Rent, Service, Differentiate Provide SADDLETECH ‘SELF RELIANT” SADDLE FIT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM whereby all manufacturing of either SADDLETECH MOLDED PLYWOOD SADDLE TREES or SADDLETECH ORTHOTICS and service is performed independently under license from SADDLETECH. OPTION 6. Government Contract – Horse Protection Strategy The SADDLETECH Government “Saddle Fit Management Program”, Level 4, is the highest Saddletech Standard available, is intended to provide U.S. Government Agencies that employ horses under saddle a “self-reliant” and "EVIDENCE BASED" method to fit saddles to U.S. Government Livestock, that can meet “Military Specifications” or “Ï SO 9001:2000 Standards”

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21. Description Of Equipment and Services 1. Saddletech Gauge Mk II and Method for Measuring Animal Backs and Saddles (U.S. Patent # 6,334,262), including formula to compensate for variations of weight of rider in relationship to weight of horse to allow for arc and angle measurement of the horse's back and corresponding saddle to be adjusted for a superior fit.

2. Saddletech Gauge Mk III and Method for Measuring Animal Backs and Saddles (U.S. Patent # 6,334,262), has all the features of the Mk II, however it also has the additional capability to be able to measure asymmetrical scapulae as well as a spine with scoliosis.

3. Saddletech Stand Mk II – measures the saddle without the horse, by maintaining the “z-axis” so that the Saddletech Measurements can be entered into a Saddle Database.

4. Saddletech Adjustable Jig Mk II / Saddle Tree - is a three-dimensional form for the manufacture of molded plywood bars to Saddletech Measurements and jig to assemble the western saddle tree. Also available in the Mk III as well.

5. Saddletech Adjustable Jig Mk II / Orthotic - is a three-dimensional form for the manufacture of Saddletech Orthotics to Saddletech Measurements. Also available in the Mk III. (Patent Pending) 6. Saddletech Portable Infrared Oven, required to heat PETG thermoplastic to required temperature for the manufacture of thermoplastic Saddletech orthotic 7. Saddletech Computer Saddle Fitting System, electronic Sensor Pad with a 256 Resistive sensor array and Saddletech Multiplexer that measures interface pressure between a horse's back under the load of rider and saddle, providing actual pressure measurement data.

8. Saddletech Force Management Software - Computer software program that measures the actual interface pressure of a loaded three-dimensional polyform surface of the saddle against the horse’s back, providing the data in numeric values as well as graphic forms.

9. Secure Storage – aluminum locked cases for all above equipment 10. PETG Plastic Butterfly Shaped Flat Sheets – Basic Orthotic PETG plastic part.

11. Saddletech Saddle Pads – Cordura top in a variety of Colors and 65% Wool / 40%Acylic Blend base against horse, with ¾Sunland Foam Padding insert 12. Training & Certification - On site 2 Days with Saddletech Certified Instructor, teaching the operation of the Saddletech System of devices, methods and formulas.

13. Training Video – Provided for basic training and standardization 14. Follow up Training & Certification - as required.

23

6$''/(7(&+ /,&(16,1* 3/$16

“ A PLAN FOR EVERY BUDGET “

Fees are subject to change without notice – 5 / 2004

24

23. Footnotes PEER REVIEW CLINICAL RESEARCH i

Guyton, Arthur C., Acute Control of Local Blood Flow, Text of Medical Physiology, 1986, pg. 349 Burman, M.S. Paul Using Pressure Measurements to Evaluate Different Technologies, Decubitus, Vol 6 No. 3, 93 pg. 40 Holloway, Allen, Effects of external pressure loading on human skin blood flow measured by 133Xe clearance, Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 40, No.4 April 1976, Pg 598 iv Husain, Tafazzul, An Experimental Study of Sore Pressure Effects on Tissues, with Reference to the Bed Sore Problem., J. Path. Bact, Vol LXVI, 1953, pg. 354 v Allen, Doug, Blood Flow Restriction caused by bandaging and equine in vivo study conducted at the University of Georgia, March 1996, Kimberly-Clark Clinical Study-Flexus 3 vi Chow, William, et al, Effects and Characteristics of Cushion Covering Membranes Kenedi, R.M. and Cowden, J.M. Bedsore Biomechanics, University Park Press, London, 1975, pg. 96-97 vii Le, Khanh M., et al, An In-Depth Look at Pressure Sores Using Monolithic Silicon Pressure Sensors Microvascular Research, Vol 17, 1979, PG 748 viii Husain, Tafazzul, An Experimental Study of Sore Pressure Effects on Tissues, with Reference to the Bed Sore Problem., J. Path. Bact, Vol LXVI, 1953, pg. 356 ix Kosiak, Michael, Etiology and Pathology of Ischemic Ulcers, Arch. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 59, pg. 62 x Kosiak, Michael, Etiology and Pathology of Ischemic Ulcers, Arch. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1959, pg. 62 xi Le, Khanh M., et al, An In-Depth Look at Pressure Sores Using Monolithic Silicon Pressure Sensors Microvascular Research, Vol 17, 1979, PG 748 xii Le, Khanh M., et al, An In-Depth Look at Pressure Sores Using Monolithic Silicon Pressure Sensors Microvascular Research, Vol 17, 1979, PG 748 xiii Husain, Tafazzul, An Experimental Study of Sore Pressure Effects on Tissues, with Reference to the Bed Sore Problem., J. Path. Bact, Vol LXVI, 1953, pg. 355 & Groth, K.E. 1942, Acta Chir Scand.,lxxxvii,suppl 76 xiv Husain, Tafazzul, An Experimental Study of Sore Pressure Effects on Tissues, with Reference to the Bed Sore Problem., J. Path. Bact, Vol LXVI, 1953, pg. 356 & Groth, K.E. 1942, Acta Chir Scand.,lxxxvii,suppl 76 xv Kosiak, Michael, Etiology and Pathology of Ischemic Ulcers, Arch. of Physical - 7 - Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1959, pg. 6 ii

iii

MEASUREMENT PROTECTS THE HORSE AND THE EQUESTRIAN’S INVESTMENT Accuracy Matters when Humanely Fitting a Saddle to a Horse

25