FA19 - ARCH 515 - Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

Macro Seminar and Macro Studio | 2019 Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

INTRODUCTION Roger Williams University Master of Architecture students have undertaken a graduate seminar and design studio sequence in Summer and Fall 2019 to explore interrelated aspects of international tourism and habitat regeneration projects in the Punta Cana region of the Dominican Republic, in conjunction with the Grupo Puntacana and Grupo Puntacana Fundacion’s current activities and future plans. The courses, taught by Professors Olga Mesa and Nathan Fash, have addressed an array of issues and project potentials involving biology, anthropology, architecture, community and regional planning, conservation and preservation.

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The seminar, with 12 students, researched current activities surrounding tourism-related habitat regeneration across a continuous landscape/seascape stretching from offshore coral reef restoration to on-shore development, recycling, energy generation, species restoration, and sustainable forestry. The design studio, with 24 students, developed design proposals for four different sites within an overall ecological framework. These included the International Airport expansion, the Puntacana Village commercial and residential area, the Hacienda second homes neighborhood, and a new Hotel on the site of the original Puntacana Resort and Club.

Macro Studio: Punta Cana 2019-2020

COLLABORATORS Roger Williams University Students

Grupo Puntacana Participants

ARCH 530 Summer 2019 Shaikha Alhaqqan Alexandra Baczek Hanna Bate Robert Becker Todd Beyer Timothy Brien Damian Collins Christopher Mahatcek Thomas Mitchell Enrico Rio Daniel Sadowniczyk

Trustee Frank Elias Rainieri| ‘99, H’18 Vice President, Grupo Puntacana Jake Kheel| Vice President, Fundación Grupo Puntacana Victor Galvan| Project and Research Manager, Fundación Grupo Puntacana Noel Heinsohn| Marine Biology Researcher, Fundación Grupo Puntacana Alberto Smith| Airport Manager Ihron Barrera| Architectural Design Coordinator Susanne Leib| Coastal Marine Project Coordinator Antonio Barletta| Gerencia Ambiental Coordinator Jonathan Thierry| Waste Management Director Liana Reyes| Architect Oscar Imbert| Architect

ARCH 515 Fall 2019 Timothy Allen Timothy Brien Aidan Carden Christopher Cloutier Liam Conners Daniel Cusmano Roberto Derocco Erin Durning Justin Friess Cameron Germond Kathryn Laufenberg Thomas Lee

Roger Williams University Participants Chelsy Luis Emily Luna Tyler Moorey Jorgaq Nakuci Berenith Ortiz Sara Rajaeian Wendy Smith Trevor Steinberg Victoria Thomson Loukas Varas Bradley Yoon

Olga Mesa| Assistant Professor Nathan Fash| Assistant Professor Heather Wilson| Portfolio + Documentation Associate Marion White| Architect & Regional Leader of Aviation + Transportation, HOK Adam Anderson|Associate, Manager of Landscape Architecture at Payette Stephen White| Dean, School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation Lisa Raiola| Vice President, University Advancement Ioannis N. Miaoulis| President, Roger Williams University

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Collaborators Course Description Research Interconnected Maps Case Studies Analysis Design Envisioning and Programming Design Proposals

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

COURSE DESCRIPTION Grupo Puntacana and Grupo Puntacana Fundacion The development of the Punta Cana region in the Dominican Republic is an example where visionary business development combined with ecological stewardship over decades has created economic, social and environmental benefits for many. The dynamic that has evolved between the multidimensional Grupo Puntacana organization founded in 1971, and the non-profit Grupo Puntacana Fundacion founded in 1988, has been central to these developments and has achieved international recognition. Their success has been tied to scale -- thinking big for the region since the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. This is one of the significant qualities for RWU faculty and students to engage with—to work at a transformative scale, which is fundamentally ecological.

The Fundacion has partnered with RWU in Punta Cana since 2015 to develop an ornamental fish hatchery. There are potentials to develop new high-quality initiatives by engaging both Grupo Puntacana and the Fundacion with several other Roger Williams University programs (and with additional Dominican Republic institutions) to advance education in the US in the DR, as well as business and ecological development locally and internationally.

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Macro The courses are based on a “Macro” concept, as promoted by RWU’s Center for Macro Projects and Diplomacy, established through gifts by Frank P. and Izaline Davidson in 2004. In a macro format, participants from multiple backgrounds and sectors are brought together into project teams to address, debate and develop large scale solutions to significant issues.

The approach is intended to foster better-informed, higherquality projects and education. Grupo Puntacana and Grupo Puntacana Fundacion leaders and staff, along with several other consultants, were involved extensively in collaborative teaching of the courses.

The Summer and Fall courses included a weeklong trip in each course to Punta Cana by students, faculty and administrators, supported by Macro funds from Frank P. and Izaline Davidson, by special graduate funding, and through the generosity of Grupo Puntacana and Grupo Puntacana Fundacion while we were in the Dominican Republic.

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

Punta Cana is located at the easternmost tip of the island of Hispaniola where the Caribbean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean.

Attracted by the splendid white coral sand beaches, dazzling marine life, and pleasant climate, tourists continue to bring economic prosperity to the region.

The Grupo Puntacana Fundación is instrumental in developing and deploying environmental initiatives such as coral reef restoration, species preservation of the native Ridgeway Hawk and sea turtles, promoting responsible fishing practices, solid waste management programs, waste water treatment, sustainable food production, and composting. The Fundación is also involved in the development of Community Programs such as constructing housing, hospitals, clinics, schools, 8

cultural centers, parks and playgrounds that support their staff and the inhabitants of Punta Cana.

With the benefit of real-world partners in the Punta Cana region who are striving to achieve a more sustainable approach to tourism, we are able to dive deeply into environmental and social issues as precursors to a more integrated ecological design process.

The work presented here explores the cross-polination between business development and ecological stewardship, applying the initiatives of the Foundacion Puntacana as a lens through which to frame future expansion. It asks, can we design our ecology, rethink what is natural, and reimagine the

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

planning process by prioritizing a symbiotic relationship with habitat as a guiding principle? Can we consider human and non-human inputs to redefine the program of international tourism in the Punta Cana region and beyond?

Recognizing that design thinking can happen at multiple scales simultaneously, the work considers that decisions at the scale of a masterplan, a region, a country, a continent, or a planet, have bearing on what we do at the scale of the human, and vice versa. Student design proposals range in scale from masterplan to parcel and building design, allowing one to inform the other while envisioning their impact through spans of human and ecological time.

Our experience supports the idea that collaboration with real-world partners challenges the academic environment to engage more comprehensively with issues of economics, politics, culture, sociology, and ecology, thus extending the scope of design to address more than just form and to do it less abstractly.

Meanwhile, the reverse is true, which is that the presence of an academic studio on the ground, asking tough questions, challenges real-world players to engage critical topics, refocusing their attention and sparking change.

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

RESEARCH | INTERCONNECTED MAPS Students generated a series of diagrams to document the sustainability initiatives developed by the Fundación Grupo Puntacana such as protecting the Ridgway Hawk population, developing coral gardens through micro fragmentation techniques and implementing worm composting on the foundation sites, to name a few.

Students also examined the impact of each initiative in its geographical and cultural context at various scales and time spans. To that end, they developed Interconnected Maps that analyzed the initiative’s mission, the stakeholders involved and its relation to other programs within the environmental and cultural context of Punta Cana, The Dominican Republic and beyond.

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

INTERCONNECTED MAPS | VERMICULTURE Transportation of Worms to Site (California Red Wigglers)

2007

- Reduce - Local

ON E

- Research Opportunity - Less

Scenario one could suggest large worm composting practices and facilities be placed in dense areas that would benefit from them the most.

Potential areas would the Fondacion site, resorts and highly populated villages, as well as open sites with close proximity to highly active urban areas.

The Composting Cycle Introduction of Tourist Organic Waste

BENEFITS OF VERMICULTURE

Present Day

Reproduction in compost 2 Million American Tourists Annually

TWO

- Reduce - Local

20% visit Punta Cana

- Research Opportunity

x 1000 = 1 lb

= 4.5 - 10 lbs of Organic Waste per day

- Less

x 3.9 Billion = 3.9 Million lb

x 540,000 tourists x 7.25 lbs of waste =

Worms can reproduce after they reach 60 days of maturity. On average, worms can double their population every three to six months. With proper conditions, (worms are best kept 55 - 77 degrees Fahrenheit) 8 worms can become 1,500 worms in 6 months time, according to the Texas A&M University AgriLife Extension.

3.9 Million lbs of Organic Waste per day Scenario two invloves the use of more smaller compost areas. These areas would allow for more maneagable research and practice as well as become less of an eye sore.

Potential areas would the Fondacion site, resorts, airports, and highly populated villages, as well as open sites with close proximity to highly active urban areas.

BENEFITS OF VERMICULTURE

Potential: Create Compost Material for Unkept Landfills

2022

Tourism Locals Researchers

T HR EE

- Reduce

Potential: Global Network Expansion

- Local

2040

Canada

- Research Opportunity - Less

China Ukraine

Every tourist in the Dominican Republic produces from 2 to 4.5 kg of waste per day, 75% of which is organic waste.

Earthworms speed up the composting process, aerate the organic material in the bin, and enhance the finished compost with nutrients and enzymes from their digestive tracts. The best kind of earthworms to use are red worms, known as ‘red wigglers’ and ‘manure worms’

With a growing number of resorts and surrounding communities, the future economic sustainability. Without significant sustainability. Without significant improvements in the way the region handles its garbage, tourism in the area could be in jeopardy

Germany Scenario three combines the use of large and small worm composting sites allowing for more possibilities in site location.

Potential sites would include almost anywhere with highly dense populations and traffic areas. With the growth of tourism, these ability to impliment worm composting sites of varying sizes will become crucial to combat the ever growing organic waste.

BENEFITS OF VERMICULTURE

Australia Africa

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration:Vermiculture

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration:Vermiculture

ARCH 513_03_FA19

ARCH 513_03_FA19

Assignment 1B: Interconnected Maps Timothy Allen and Thomas Lee

Assignment 1B: Interconnected Maps Timothy Allen and Thomas Lee

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

INTERCONNECTED MAPS | VERMICULTURE + BEEKEEPING

ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS | BEE KEEPING ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS | WORM COMPOSTING BEEKEEPING OF PUNTA CANA HONEYBEE RANGE OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

HONEYBEE COLONIES ARE PRESENT AT THE FOUNDATION

TYPICALLY OCCUPY EACH HONEYBEE COLONY WITH ONE QUEEN

GALLONS OF HONEY ARE MADE PER HONEYBEE COLONY ANNUALLY GALLONS OF HONEY ARE MADE BY THE HONEYBEE PROJECT AT THE FOUNDATION AS INCOME IS PRODUCED BY THE HONEYBEE PROJECT AT THE SALE OF $12 PER OUNCE

HONEY PRODUCTION AT THE FOUNDATION LASTS FOR 6 MONTHS APRIL AND MAY IS PEAK

APICULTURE NETWORK DYNAMICS

FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: WORKER, DRONE, AND QUEEN

HONEYBEES CAN CARRY 35% OF THEIR WEIGHT IN POLLEN

A QUEEN LAYS 1,500 EGGS A WEEK 85% BECOME WORKER BEES 10% BECOME DRONE BEES 5% BECOME POTENTIAL QUEEN BEES THE HIVE IS THE CORE OF APICULTURES SUCCESS, IT IS THE POWERPLANT OF ACTIVTY

6,000 SPECIES OF FLORA EXIST

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HABITAT REGENERATION |

FASH + MESA

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

INTERCONNECTED MAPS | ZERO WASTE ZERO WASTE

TODD BEYER ARCH 530: MACRO SEMINAR N. FASH & O.MESA PROJECT 1B Airport

Corales Beach Punta Cana Resort

ZERO WASTE

WE ARE ABLE TO RECYCLE 47% OF THE WASTE WE PRODUCE

Neighborhood

MANUFACTURERS

Recycling Center

At the Grupo Puntacana Fundación, Puntacana Resort and Club has a Zero Waste program which aims to recycle as much waste material as possible in order to reduce the amount of material that goes into the local landfill. Residents of Punta Cana and other companies associated with Puntacana Resort and Club participate in the Zero waste program to minimize the amount of trash going to the landfill.

MISSION

Puntacana Resort & Club has developed Zero Waste, an integrated solid waste management program, as part of our commitment to the natural environment, the local community, and providing high quality services to our guests and residences. Residents and associated companies of Puntacana Resort & Club participate actively in our recycling program to help to reduce the amount of waste that is sent to the local landfill. This reduces potential health problems caused by improper waste management, protects the local community from contamination from the landfill, and helps make Punta Cana a better place to live.

RETAILERS

Hotel/Resort

Punta Cana Village

Incinerator Club Med Punta Cana

Vermiculture Facility CONSUMER (HOUSEHOLD)

Landfill (Located off map)

Puntacana Resort and Club has a waste management facility that sorts and inspects the waste.

Waste is sorted into 4 categories; Organic Waste, Garden Waste, Recyclable waste, and trash. All of the categories except for trash can be recycled, which are cleaned and packaged to be sent for reuse. The trash is contaminated material and gets sent to the landfill. The ultimate goal of the Zero Waste program is to reduce the amount of material being sent to the landfill in order to reduce potential health and environmental issues. They aim to achieve this goal by getting as many active participants in Punta Cana to recycle as close to 100% of their waste as possible.

Hacienda Del Mar Villa Las Brisas

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Grupo Puntacana Fundacion

REUSABLE BAG/ CAN

GALLONS

15

50

GALLONS

GALLONS

ORGANICS

RECYCLABLES

GARDEN

TRASH

Organic Waste Tortuga Bay FOOD IS PREPARED

Garden Waste Recyclable Waste

TRUCK COLLECTION

Private Residences

Trash * Line width is rela�ve to quan�ty

Exported Waste Collected Waste Trash (Unrecyclable Waste)

TOURISM MAKES GARBAGE. PUNTA CANA RECIEVES 20-30 TONS OF GARBAGE DAILY

Exports Dominican Republic to Hai� Plas�cs - $96.5m Paper - $29.1m Metals - $68.2m

FILTER RECYCLABLES

Landfill Zero Waste has become one of the largest recycling programs by any company in the Dominican Republic.

6,205 Metric Tons Collected (2015) Imports Hai� to Dominican Republic Plas�cs - $247k Paper - $226k Metals - $145k

T w b e p

GROWN FOOD IS GATHERED

Recycling Center

97 Metric Tons Collected (2018)

MANUAL LABOR TO SORT/ GROUP/ PREPARE RECYCLABLES

COMPOST FOOD USED AS FERTILIZER

1,874 Metric Tons Collected (2018)

9,125 Metric Tons Collected (2015)

432,633.75 Metric Tons of waste exported in 2014

Exports North America Europe Asia South America Africa Oceana

67% 17% 13% 2.3% .39% .31%

M w th It cl th

ORGANIZE AND PACK RECYCLABLES FOR TRANSPORTATION

$5.89b $1.44b $1.13b $200m $33.7m $27m

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WORM COMPOST

VEGETABLE GARDEN AGRICULTURE HABITAT REGENERATION |SUSTAINABLE FASH + MESA

LOCAL LANDFILL

W b th P te tr p fo cl

AUTHORIZED RECYCLING COMPANIES

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Aquaponics in Puntacana RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION Sustainable Fishing and Farming System

Aquaponics in Puntacana Sustainable Fishing and Farming System Aquaponics in Puntacana INTERCONNECTED MAPS | AQUAPONICS Plants grow for 2-3 months before they are ready to harvest.

Sustainable Fishing and Farming System The Puntacana Foundation works hard to facilitate the process

of he s

Roots Filter water to create Fish Waste a clean, natural Plants grow for 2-3 months before they are ready to harvest. becomes the Fish Waste environment for The Puntacana Foundation primary surce of Plants grow for 2-3 months before they are ready to harvest. the fish becomes the works hard to facilitate Fish Waste The Puntacana Foundation primarynutrients surce of for the becomes the process worksthe hard to facilitate The Puntacana Foundation growing nutrients for the plants primary of thesurce process works hard to facilitate growing plants nutrients for the the process growing plants

Plants grow for 2-3 months before they are ready to harvest.

Roots Filter water to create a clean, natural environment for the fish

Roots Filter water to create a clean, natural environment for the fish

Tilapia develop for around 8 months before they are ready to be fished.

Tilapia developTilapia for around 8 months before 8 they are ready to bethey fished. develop for around months before are to8be fished.

Tilapia develop forready around months before they are ready to be fished.

Aquaponics is a sustainable fish and vegetable production

Aquaponics is a sustainable fish and vegetable production Aquaponics is a sustainable fish and vegetable production production system that combines traditional aquaculture (farming ofcombines aquatic traditional aquaculture (farming of aquatic system that systemwith thathydroponics combines (growing traditional aquaculture (farming of aquatic animals) plants without soil in water) animals) with hydroponics (growing plants without soil in water) farming of aquatic animals) with hydroponics (growing plants without soil in water) The fish waste provides organic in an integrated environment. The fish waste provides organic in an integrated environment. food forintegrated the growingenvironment. plants and the plants naturally filter in an The fish waste provides organic food for the the growing plants and the plants naturally filter the hout soil in water) water which the fish live, also providing nutrients through thisfish water in whichfilter the live, also providing nutrients through this foodinfor the growing plants and the plants naturally the to thethe fish. process back tothrough the fish. this water back in which fish live, also providing nutrients ovidesprocess organic process back to the fish.

This system takes stress off of the fishing industry, decreasing This system decreasing rally filter the takes stress off of the fishing industry, issues like overfishing, and also decreases soil and fertilizer issues like overfishing, and also decreases soil and fertilizer This system takes stress off of the fishing industry, decreasing needs for the farming ents through this needs for the farming industry. this is importand do to the lack of industry. this is importand do to the lack of

issues top likesoil overfishing, also decreases soil top andsoil fertilizer found in the Puntacana area. farmable found in theand Puntacana area.farmable needs for the farming industry. this is importand do to the lack of

The Punta farmable topAquaponics soil found in the Puntacana area.

The Punta Cana system has produced so farCana overAquaponics system has produced so far over 30 pounds vegetables (spearmint, basil, lettuce, mint, chives) 30 pounds of vegetables (spearmint, basil, lettuce, mint, of chives) and recently produced its second harvest of tilapia, yielding 169 and recently its second harvest tilapia, yielding 169 The Puntaproduced Cana Aquaponics systemofhas produced so far over pounds of fish. pounds of fish.of vegetables (spearmint, basil, lettuce, mint, chives) 30 pounds

stry, decreasing and fertilizer and recently produced its second harvest of tilapia, yielding 169 pounds of fish. d do to the lack of 14

The production becomes food for the many local restaurants and resorts.

Roots Filter water to create a clean, natural The production environment for becomes food for The production the the many local becomes food forfish

the many local restaurants and resorts.

The production

restaurants and becomes food for resorts. the many local restaurants and resorts.

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

INTERCONNECTED MAPS | AQUAPONICS Aquaponics Impact Study

Typology Map Icons show an investigation of the types functions effected by aquaponic agricultural production.

plants used in the

Danny Cusmano Cameron Germond

soil-less aquaponiC system Can often be

2 - 3 times

harvested

Healthy food System

Sectors effected include: Restaurants, resorts, supermarkets, schools, farms and fishing areas.

a year and sold at

For: Arch 515 Profs: Olga Mesa & Nathan fash

loCal markets or restaurants

System Upkeep

Plant Harvest

Resorts, the area’s main attraction, may act not only as a recipient of produce but also as a disseminator of awareness through the inclusion of aquaponics information in their menus and brochures

after about a year in its role within the aquaponiC system, fish Can be harvested and brough to market as a sourCe of loCal nutrition

Potential Impact Theoretical lbs fish/sf yearly : .32 lbs fish Theoretical lbs veggies /sf/yr: 5.2 lbs veggies 50,0000 sf system : 16,000 lbs fish / year & 260,000 lbs Veg/ year $56,000 fish @ 3.51 / lb & $3,640,000 veggies @ $14 / lb

AQUAPONIC CYCLE

Countries who have high levels of aquaponiC aCtivity

Directionality Map

Vegetable Exports $68 million 1: United States: 54% $36.9 Million

2: Canada: 16% $10.9 Million

3: France: 12% $8.2 Million

cooperation with local schools and visitors from around the world, the group is spreading awareness of new agricultural techniques and technology with the potential

Fish

Vegetables

In an aquaponic system, the plant roots cleanse the water providing a suitable environment for the tilapia to co-exist. The resulting waste from the Tilapia is then taken in as nutrients by the plant and therefore the two enter a mutualistic symbiotic relationship.

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A NETWORK OF KNOWLEDGE

Ca

Education and Technology: Grupo Punta Cana and its environmental initiatives are highly committed to spreading Awareness of the importance of sustainable agriculture and anthropogenic impact on our environment. Through

Local restaurants and resorts The foundation Local farms Local fisherman Ecological awareness groups

ia

Stakeholders:

The growth of an aquaponics system in Punta Cana would reduce the region’s need For agricultural imports and begin to transform its food system into an internally Sustained system. In doing so, it would in turn reduce the regions carbon footprint by Reducing the need for long distance shipments of food.

The decreased need for traditional farming would decrease the need for fertilizer and thus positively impact water quality and reduce algal blooms.

Furthermore, the influx of local Will have greater nutrient content and chemical levels thus positively Impacting the health of workers, locals and visitors.

Additionally, by increasing local food production, it is possible that high quality nutrition could become cheaper and thus more accessible across socioeconomic lines.

ap

Ecological and Human Impact:

na

Tilapia and herbs...mmmm

The introduction of aquaponics and sustainable agricultural initiatives in the region Aligns itself with the growing desire for local food production and reduction in carbon footprints.

Within the resorts, visitors are typically vacationers, seeking food, drink and relaxation. The introduction of aquaponics and its products in the resort and restaurant scene can help spread awareness of ecological initiatives and grupo puntacana.

Or

Herbs at Market Context and Culture

To create a local and sustainable source of food in the Punta Cana region and to Spread awareness of sustainable agricultural initiatives. Through the introduction of aquaponics, there will be less reliance on traditional methods of agriculture which are hindered locally by soil conditions and their potential environmental impact.

Furthermore, the growth of large scale local agriculture will reduce the need for imports and consequently the regions ecological carbon footprint.

Til

Tilapia Tank Mission

The directionality of the aquaponics system and its cyclical nature are highlighted: showing the flow of benefits within the system and the resulting flow outwards to local attractions.

The plants and fish are then distributed to local bushinesses where visitors can benefit from local organic nutrition.

Fish Exports $8.1 Million 1: Haiti: 96% $7.8 Million

2: USA: 3.5% $285 K

3: France: .25% $20.5 k

the aquaponiC system is highly

Reach and Impact Map

adaptable and Can be used with various types of fruits, vegetables and aquatiC animals

The reach of the aquaponics system extends beyond the bounds of the groupo Punta Cana foundation plot. The impacts of such a system are ecological, educational and commercial.

Nodes are sized in accordance with the relative impact of the aquponics system at the specified locations. Popularity ratings sourced from Google were used to partially inform the relative sizing of each node.

1: USA: 61% $67.3 Million

2: Peru: 12% $13.1 Million

3: Brazil: 9%

$65.8 Million

2: Canada: 16%% $19.3 Million

3: Vietnam: 8%

Vegetable imports $110.4 Million

Fish imports

Ecological Educational

Relative Impact

As shown, there are often impact overlaps between categories in which an agricultural or commercial setting can often serve as the perfect environment to educate visitors about the benefits of an aquaponics system.

1: Norway: 56%

$10.1 Million

Commercial

$10 Million

Aquaponic Activity (USA)

Aquaponic Activity

$117.9 Million

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

INTERCONNECTED MAPS | RIGDWAY HAWK PRESERVATION

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

RESEARCH | RIGDWAY HAWK PRESERVATION FORESTS

RICE AND SUGAR CANE FIELDS

PALM TRESS

N

N

SWAMPLAND

THE RIDGWAY HAWK POPULATION IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

HABITATS PAST/PRESENT

THE RIDGWAY HAWK POPULATION IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

ZONES OF HABITAT

RESORTS ACT AS HABITATS NEW VILLAGE DESTROYS HABITAT AIR TRAFFIC DISRUPTS HABITATS

DEVELOPED IN 2006

PALM TREES FOR NESTS

LOS SO FH AB ITA TS WOODEN ELECTRIC POLES W/ “T” PERCHES

DEVELOPED IN 1990 FUTURE PROJECTS

TH E

DEVELOPED BETWEEN 1990 - 2007

RID G

WAY H AWK’S VANTAGE POINT S

N CEMENT ELECTRIC POLES

EXISTING POWER LINES / LIGHT POSTS

RESERVA ECOLOGICA OJOS INDIGERAS

*BLACK AND WHITE SATELLITE IMAGERY FROM 1990

THE RIDGWAY HAWK POPULATION IN PUNTA CANA

THREATS TO THE SPECIES

N

*BLACK AND WHITE SATELLITE IMAGERY FROM 1990

THE RIDGWAY HAWK POPULATION IN PUNTA CANA

BENEFITS TO THE SPECIES

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

INTERCONNECTED MAPS | CORAL NURSERIES AND HARVESTING

SARGASSUM BEACH BARRIER

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

INTERCONNECTED MAPS | CORAL NURSERIES AND HARVESTING

MAP CALLOUTS

PROCESSES

STAGHORN

ELKHORN

BOULDER STAR CORAL

MOUNTAINOUS STAR CORAL

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

INTERCONNECTED MAPS | CORAL GARDENING

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

INTERCONNECTED MAPS | CORAL NURSERIES AND HARVESTING

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

INTERCONNECTED MAPS | TURTLE CONSERVATION 1960

2010

= 100

= 100

MONTE CRISTI PARK

800

JOSE ARMANDO BERMUDEZ NATIONAL PARK

>30

SAMANA PROVINCE PARK

HAWKSBILL TURTLE

HAWKSBILL TURTLE

VALLE NUEVO NATIONAL PARK

750 LEATHERBACK TURTLE

>20 EAST NATIONAL PARK

SIERRA DE BAORUCO NATIONAL PARK

550

>12

GREEN TURTLE

200

GREEN TURTLE JARAGUA NTIONAL PARK

0

LOGGERHEAD TURTLE

LOGGERHEAD TURTLE

1985

2035

= 100

MONTE CRISTI PARK

1985

= 100

MONTE CRISTI PARK

JOSE ARMANDO BERMUDEZ NATIONAL PARK

420

SAMANA PROVINCE PARK

HAWKSBILL TURTLE

VALLE NUEVO NATIONAL PARK

JOSE ARMANDO BERMUDEZ NATIONAL PARK

<100

SAMANA PROVINCE PARK

HAWKSBILL TURTLE

VALLE NUEVO NATIONAL PARK

380 SIERRA DE BAORUCO NATIONAL PARK

EAST NATIONAL PARK

LEATHERBACK TURTLE

<60 SIERRA DE BAORUCO NATIONAL PARK

EAST NATIONAL PARK

260 60 LOGGERHEAD TURTLE

LEATHERBACK TURTLE

<40

GREEN TURTLE JARAGUA NTIONAL PARK

22

LEATHERBACK TURTLE

GREEN TURTLE JARAGUA NTIONAL PARK

1985

<5 LOGGERHEAD TURTLE

2015

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

INTERCONNECTED MAPS | TURTLE CONSERVATION

HARBOR LEATHERBACK TURTLE (ARENA GORDA, BAVARO BEACH) HAWKSBILL TURTLE (PLAYA JUANILLO BEACH) TURTLE DENSITY (NESTS & PATH)

AIRPORT RESORT REEFS

KEY LOCATIONS

LEATHERBACK TURTLE (ARENA GORDA, BAVARO BEACH) HAWKSBILL TURTLE (PLAYA JUANILLO BEACH) TURTLE DENSITY (NESTS & PATH)

SARGASSUM PLANTATION

GREEN CONSERVED AREA | TURTLE WALK PATH

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

RESEARCH | LOBSTER CASITAS

Lobster Casitas in Punta Cana Arch430/530 Macro Seminar

LOBSTER CASITAS MAIN GOAL IS TO I”NCREASE LOCAL POPULATION OF CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTERS AND PROMOTE ITS SUSTAINABLE HARVEST”. THE ARTIFICIAL HABITAT PROVIDES MANY ADVANTAGES TO THE ECONOMY AS WELL AS THE ENVIRONMENT.

COMPETITIVE HABITAT

The reef present many dangers to the Spiny Lobster, Groupers, Lionfish and sea turtles are some of the few predators and competition lobsters go against to survive

-CREATE HOMES SPECIFIC FOR LOBSTER -MOVE FISHERMEN OFF OF CORAL REEFS

Fishing in reefs cann result in traps, nets, and anchors damaging coral, as well as spear divers looking for lobster

CORAL REEF FLOURISH

-SAFER HOMES FOR LOBSTER INCREASE POPULATION

Lobster casitas are located away from coral reefs which takes fishing out of the reefs.

Protected reefs results in less damage and chance for corals to regrow. This goes hand in hand with the Foundataions coral restoration program.

-PROMOTE HEALTHIER CORAL REEFS

-BRING LIFE AND INTRODUCE LOBSTER BACK TO ECOSYSTEM -SEPARATE LOBSTER FROM OTHER SPECIES

RESTAURANT RESOURCE The lobster casitas create a steady supply of food resourcs for restaurants. As a region specific animal, the spiny lobster is a popular cuisine mainly in the Caribbean, therefore having a better aquatic habitat for lobster can help the economic industry as well tourism for Punta Cana.

Recycled materials used to construct Lobster Habitat

24

The lobster casitas provide a safe environment against larger predators.

Juvenile lobster can safely live in these habitats and grow to legal size during off seasons.

CORAL DAMAGE

-MAKE A SHELTERED SEASON FOR LOBSTER PRODUCTION

-HELP CULTURE AND ECONOMY BY ATTRACTION OF TOURISM

SAFE HAVEN FOR LOBSTERS

EFFIECIENT FISHING

The introduction of lobster casitas makes fishing for lobster easier for fisherman. They can select the legal lobsters and identify the pregnant females without disrupting the reefs.

Selected Off-Season dates correlate to the breeding times of Spiny Lobster giving time to repopulate their speices and to not overfish.

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

RESEARCH | SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

25

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

RESEARCH | MACRO CASE STUDIES Students analyzed case-studies addressing Macro-scale questions. These case studies included planning and design models at urban, regional and global scales as well as organizations whose influence is worldwide.

Ideas like E.O. Wilson's Half Earth Project, Ebenezer Howard's Garden City, and the Urban Growth Boundary in Portland Oregon, appear alonside the work of groups like The Ocean Conservancy, the US National Parks, and tools like Geospatial Information Systems (GIS).

The following questions were posed: What is the reach in terms of geographical boundaries encompassed by the efforts of a particular case-study? What is being prioritized and who stands to benefit? How do human culture and needs factor compared to the needs of other species? How is education incorporated? How might this effort be expanded, improved upon, or refined?

Following this analysis, students were asked to contextualize their learnings in relation to the work of Grupo Puntacana and the Fundación Grupo Puntacana.

26

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

HABITAT LOSS

100% 75% 50% 25%

2019

90 %

95 %

90 %

65 %

75 %

90 %

75 %

80 %

85 %

2030

2040

2050

2060

GOAL OF HALF EARTH (2060)

Urban, Regional, Global Planning and Design:The Half-Earth Project

Assignment 1C: Macro Case Studies 27 Timothy Allen and Thomas Lee ARCH 513_03_FA19

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CASE STUDIES | THE HALF-EARTH PROJECT How Does Half-Earth Work?

RESEARCH

HABITAT LOSS

LEAD

Creating Programs & Scholarships for future research.

Nurturing future biodiversity stewardships and perpetuate conservation efforts worldwide.

100%

E N G AG E

Using Half-Earth to help inform public about biodiversity and the need for reform. To inform the identification of which places we can best manage for conservation.

Using Half-Earth to Inspiring individuals and communities and call to work together to reach the goal.

75% 50%

Championing Research Initatives. Working continuously to discover and identify species and to support regional biodiversity.

Creating a tool and resource to help grow conservation work and efforts. Model conservation efforts are also showcased to inspire and inform best practices to get to Half-Earth.

involve stakeholders, communities, and regions to join and participate broadly to achieve the goal of Half-Earth. Engaging people and communities with biodiversity conservation efforts.

Striving to reach a better understanding of conservation efforts.

Supporting conservation efforts

Creating a knowledge platform for fostering a greater understanding and action about how we can get to Half-Earth.

Making people aware of decline in habitats and ecosystems.

Helping people further understand current problems and possible outcomes.

25%

2019

2030

2040

2050

2060

I n i t i a t i ve s

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

ULTIMATE CONSEQUENCE (2060)

0%

Companies for a Half-Earth Future

Half-Earth Map

The Half-Earth Council

Global Biodiversity Inventory

Half-Earth Project Educator Ambassadors

Knowledge Platform

Model Conservation Efforts

Half-Earth Chairs & Scholars

Public Engagement

Urban, Regional, Global Planning and Design: The Half-Earth Project

Assignment 1C: Macro Case Studies Timothy Allen and Thomas Lee ARCH 513_03_FA19

Urban, Regional, Global Planning and Design:The Half-Earth Project

WATER 10 YEARS

HABITAT LOSS

100% 75% 50% 25%

2019

20 %

17 %

25 %

22 %

16 %

23 %

17 %

10 %

19 %

2030

2040

2050

Assignment 1C: Macro Case Studies Timothy Allen and Thomas Lee

IS HALF-EARTH PLAUSIBLE?

2060

ARCH 513_03_FA19

OIL 40 YEARS

FORESTS 300 YEARS

COAL 40 YEARS

EARTH METALS 70 YEARS

FOSSIL FUELS 40 YEARS

CONSUMPTION OF MATERIALS

SOCIAL IMPACT

LEADERSHIP

LOCAL CARE

The Half-Earth proposal most basic problem is that it ignores the main drivers of the losses in biodiversity globally. A plan for future biodiversity that does not address over consumption of resources and industrial activities is unrealistic as even if we divide the earth into half, how humans manage their half in terms of activities and consumption of resource will continue to have major consequences on the entire planet.

What about the social impact of the Half-Earth project? Restriction of areas would create challenges of physical and economic displacement and eventually lead to a social conflict. Even, in today’s world, many strictly protected areas are already embroiled in social conflicts. The concept for global change does not take into consideration the negative ramifications of placing more pressure on one half of the worlds ecosystems..

Who will create and control these protected areas? And how can we share these areas globally and equally? The low income countries suffer from poverty and lack of infrastructure and so removal of land from non-conservation use will impact those countries and communities the most, who are ironically the least responsible for our current environmental predicament.

In several studies, it has been proven that protected areas work best if they are supported by the local communities. A recent study found that protected areas which have integrated local people as their stakeholders are more effective in achieving a biological conservation, economic and a social development. The Half-Earth project completely ignores this relationship between biodiversity and the local communities.

CURRENT CONDITION (2019)

Urban, Regional, Global Planning and Design: The Half-Earth Project

28

Assignment 1C: Macro Case Studies Timothy Allen and Thomas Lee ARCH 513_03_FA19

Urban, Regional, Global Planning and Design:The Half-Earth Project

Assignment 1C: Macro Case Studies Timothy Allen and Thomas Lee ARCH 513_03_FA19

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

DOMINICAN REPUBILC CURRENT CONDITION (2019)

Leatherback Seaturtle

West Indian Manatee

Jellyfish

Coral Reef

2%

50 %

62 %

40 %

Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat

Ridgeway Hawk

20 %

12 %

Urban, Regional, Global Planning and Design:The Half-Earth Projec

Assignment 1C: Macro 29 Case Stud Timothy Allen and Thomas L

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CASE STUDIES | ECOTOURISM MODEL IN COSTA RICA

­ ­

­ ­ ­

­

­

Costa Rica International tourist arrivals (millions) 1990 -2018

SAN JOSE

­ ­

­ ­

30

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

PUERTO PLATA

DAJABON SANTIAGO SAMANA

PUNTA CANA

SANTO DOMINGO SAN PEDRO DE MACORIS

BARAHONA

13 D

7

12

C

4

6

B

5

9 10

E

2 11

1: LOS HAITISES 2: DE ESTE 3: VALLE NUEVO 4: J. ARMANDO BERMUDEZ 5: JOSE DEL CARMEN RAMIREZ 6: NAIGA DE MACO 7: MONTE CHRISTI 8: ISLA CABRITOS 9: SIERRA DE BAHORUCO 10: JARAGUA 11: SUBMARINO LA CALETA 12: CABO FRANCES VIEJO 13: EL MORRO

A

1

3

8

A: LAGUNAS REDONDA Y LIMON B: EBANO VERDE C: ISABEL DE TORRES D: VILLA ELISA E: LAGUNA DE CABRAL

31

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CASE STUDIES | BIG DATA & GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS êĦêƎŜŔ˘

ĆÃğğêĦĀêŔ

êŜŜêŎ˘ šŔŜĬĥêŎ˘ êŎŷĉàê

àÃğÃßĉğĉŜž

ŎĬƎŜ˘

ĬŔŜ˘ÿĬŎ˘#ÃŜÃ˘ êŎŷĉàêŔ

e^^ _E Ee_˘ B e <B˘_' °e V

žŔŜêĥ˘ ĆêŎĉĦĀʨ˘ ˘ æÃŜÃʧ˘ ê˘ Ĭÿ˘ ĥÃĦž˘ ŔŋÃŜĉÃğ˘ êŎŔ˘ Ĭÿ˘ ÃŜĉĬĦŔ˘ ʧ˘ °ĉŜƢ êŷêÃğŔ˘ ʨ˘ ŔšàƢ ʨ˘ ÃĦæ˘ ĥÃĜê˘

;ĉğŜêŎ˘#ÃŜÃ

ˉ ˘ĀêĬĀŎÃŋĆĉà˘ĉĦÿĬŎĥÃŜĉĬĦ˘ŔžŔŜêĥ˘ ʹ<E ʺ˘ĉŔ˘Ã˘ÿŎÃĥêŸĬŎĜ˘ÿĬŎ˘ĀÃŜĆêŎĉĦĀʨ˘ ĥÃĦÃĀĉĦĀʨ˘ ÃĦæ˘ ÃĦÃğžƇĉĦĀ˘ æÃŜÃʧ˘ ĬĬŜêæ˘ ĉĦ˘ ŜĆê˘ ŔàĉêĦàê˘ Ĭÿ˘ ĀêĬĀŎÃŋĆžʨ˘ <E ˘ ĉĦŜêĀŎÃŜêŔ˘ ĥÃĦž˘ ŜžŋêŔ˘ Ĭÿ˘ æÃŜÃʧ˘ EŜ˘ ÃĦÃğžƇêŔ˘ ŔŋÃŜĉÃğ˘ ğĬàÃŜĉĬĦ˘ ÃĦæ˘ ĬŎĀÃĦĉƇêŔ˘ ğÞêŎŔ˘ Ĭÿ˘ ĉĦÿĬŎĥÃŜĉĬĦ˘ ĉĦŜĬ˘ ŷĉŔšÃğĉƇÃŜĉĬĦŔ˘ šŔĉĦĀ˘ ĥÃŋŔ˘ ÃĦæ˘ ʐ#˘ ŔàêĦêŔʧ˘ °ĉŜƢ ŜĆĉŔ˘šĦĉōšê˘àÃŋÃßĉğĉŜžʨ˘<E ˘ŎêŷêÃğŔ˘ æêêŋêŎ˘ ĉĦŔĉĀĆŜŔ˘ ĉĦŜĬ˘ æÃŜÃʨ˘ ŔšàƢ ÃŔ˘ ŋÃŜŜêŎĦŔʨ˘ ŎêğÃŜĉĬĦŔĆĉŋŔʨ˘ ÃĦæ˘ ŔĉŜšÃŜĉĬĦŔ˂ĆêğŋĉĦĀ˘ šŔêŎŔ˘ ĥÃĜê˘ ŔĥÃŎŜêŎ˘æêàĉŔĉĬĦŔʧˊ

32

šŔĉĦêŔŔ˘ <ŎĬŸŜĆ

ĦŜŎÃĉĦêæ˘ ŜÃƋ

êàšŎĉŜž

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

X ¶' ˘e;˘ B'˘ '';

'_ ˘_ ' ¶˘Xe Ee_

Layers of reef

Current nursery locations

e E X'˘; '˘Xe Ee_ Possible future locations

GIS incorporated into sustainable initiatives <E ˘E_ e e '#˘E_ e˘ E_ X'˘E_E E E¯'

33

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CASE STUDIES | U.S. NATIONAL PARKS SYSTEM

A Dual Role

National Parks Web Local Effect ❖

❖

National parks worldwide and

creates a small

serve as an

economy

ecological center

surrounding the

❖

of information.

park in which

Visitors often

new jobs are

`

leave with a

created for

❖

greater sense of

community

commitment to

members.

❖

preservation and

Local ecology is

the environment.

preserved

promoting

❖

Ecological Protection Environmental Education Species Conservation

❖

❖

❖

Cultural Protection Historical Education Historic Preservation

National park

revenue helps

greater

bolster local and

biodiversity and

global economies

ecosystem health.

While many parks lean towards one end of the spectrum or the other, each embodies elements of environmental and historic preservation.

Tourism

Economy Vs Ecology Ecological View

Conventional View

In their early days, the national parks

served as a destination for the wealthy ❖

Society Economy

❖

adventurist and ecologist

Environment

VS

Economy

and The Environemental movement of

Society

Environment

Popularity gained in the mid 19th century the 1960’s and 70’s took hold

❖

Today they draw visitors worldwide

❖

The top 3 national parks draw over 16

NPS

million visitors each year combined ❖

The National Park System serves as an example of a nested

ecological world view. A view in which the health of the environment drives the successfulness of the economy and society as a whole

34

Cultural

draw visitors

national park

❖

Natural

Global Effect

The presence of a

Thats roughly twice the population of the 5 New York city boroughs

❖

In 2018 the National parks contributed $40 billion in revenue to the US Economy

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

Punta Cana Connection

Protected Areas Worldwide

Economy

Education

Environment

National Parks in the Dominican Republic A Tropic Cascade 1. Cueva de las Maravillas National Park 2. Parque Nacional del Este 3. El Choco National Park 4. Isabel del Torres National Park 5. Isla Cabritas National Park 6. Jaragua National Park 7. Jose Armando Bermudez National Park 8. Jose del Carmen Ramirez National Park 9. Parque Nacional Submarino la Caleta 10. Monte Cristi National Park 11. Perez Rancier National Park 12. Sierra de Baoruco National Park 13. Valle Nuevo National Park

Wolf Reintroduction ❖

❖

❖

❖ ❖

1872-1917 - Wolves are hunted in and around Yellowstone National Park 1926 - Wolves are extirpated from Yellowstone 1926 - 1995 - Yellowstone experiences loss of ecological diversity 1995-6 wolves reintroduced Present- Over 800 wolves live in the greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

10

4 3

8 5

12 6

7

13 11

Groupo Punta Cana

9

1

2

Yellowstone Area Wolf Hunt: PBS

35

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CASE STUDIES | WORLD WILDLIFE FUND WWF works in these countries: Forest protection

r

Freshwater protection Coral Reef Destruction

Work organized in 6 major areas FORESTS

Heavy bleaching Moderate bleaching Minimal bleaching

36

CLIMATE

OCEANS

FOOD

FRESHWATER

WILDLIFE

<1000

10 0

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

Wildlife protection

Food

The decrease in the wild Tiger’s territory

Climate protection 2003

Climate protection 2008

37

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CASE STUDIES | THE OCEAN CONSERVANCY About the Organization

Programs

Non-Profit Environmental Advocacy Group Founded in 1972 Based out of Washington, DC Help formulate ocean policy at federal and state government levels

Promote healthy and diverse ocean ecosystems and oppose practices that threaten oceanic and human life

Scientists

Researchers

Volunteers

DONORS

Advocates

Implementation

Business Men & Women

Government Officials

what is it?

result

“As more carbon pollution is absorbed by the ocean, our ocean is becoming more acidic”

“In 2014, a Canadian shellfish farming company reported that they lost 10 million scallops and $10 million due to ocean acidification”

Programs

Programs

Interactive Links informs you about different ways to contribute through petitions, volunteer work, conference opportunities, and various events

SOLUTION Working together with people in coastal communities, scientists and advocates like us (volunteering, donation).

Inform and Educate articles, blogs, videos, & various links that give information about the problems at hand Social Media facebook, twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram

Confronting Ocean Acidification

Government Relations

Ocean Climate

The organization work with leaders from all communities and sectors to address carbon pollution and ocean acidification.

Support scientific research investments the threat.

Hold campaigns and lecture about the problem and bring together multiple stakeholders to find solutions.

“Ocean Alerts” a program to get text messages on your cell phone in regards to major ocean events Protecting Florida

Protecting The Arctic

Restoring the Gulf of Mexico

Smart Ocean Planning

Sustainable Fisheries

Trash Free Seas

Wildlife Facts Page learn about over 100 different ocean species & their crucial role in the environment

38

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

Interactive Maps WORLDWIDE PROGRAMS WORLDWIDE

InteractiveREPUBLIC Maps Dominican Republic DOMINICAN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

PROGRAMS WORLDWIDE Interactive Maps LOCAL - BRISTOL, RI

Interactive Maps WORLDWIDE PROGRAMS WORLDWIDE

Interactive Maps PUNTA CANA

LOCAL

Punta Cana Improvements

Turtle Walk Melissa Gonzalez

39

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CASE STUDIES | THE GARDEN CITY The Garden City Urban Planning idea/movement Year:1889 Idea Conceived by Ebenezer Howard: - Born in London in 1850 - Planned self contained communities surrounded by “green belts” containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture - A response for a better quality of life in overcrowded and dirty industrial towns which had deteriorated the environment and posed a serious threat to the publics health Cities built from this idea: - Letchworth 1903 - Welwyn 1920

Punta Cana “Vacation City”

Longevity will allow them to prosper

Grupo Puntacana City

Resort City

Preservation is extremely important The tourist experience aims to be integrated with nature

Green Belt

Green Belt

Grupo Farms

There is a focus of efficiency and strategy

Grupo Farms

Golf Courses

In need of serious future development plans

Central Airport City

Excursion City ATV Park

Opportunities Relieves cities from becoming too dense

Green Belt

Resort City Golf Courses

Ocean Cruises

Green Belt

Green Belt

Residents get a better sense of community People are closer to nature and never oppressed by extreme urban development

Floating City

Resort City Green Belt

40

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

Letchworth - 1903

Radburn

Welwyn - 1920 Welwyn - 1920 Letchworth “Garden City”

Luton Welwyn

London

41

121,720 people per sm

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

Beijing Beijing

3,400 people per sm 3,400 people per sm

Tokyo: Tokyo:

CASE STUDIES | PORTLAND, OR: URBAN GROWTH BOUNDARY 16,440 people per sm 16,440 people per sm

M ET ROPOLITA N PU BLIC METROPOLITAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

T RA NS PORTAT ION M ET ROPOLITA N PU BLIC T RA NS PORTAT ION

P O RT L A N D , O R E G O N : U R B A N G R O W T H B O U N D A RY AIDAN CARDEN + CHRIS CLOUTIER

ARCH 515

SEPTEMBER 20, 2019

HISTORY

NATHAN FASH + OLGA MESA

H I S T O RY O F P O RT L A N D

O N : U R B A N G R O W T H B O U N D A RY ARCH 515 NATHAN FASH + OLGA MESA

S TORY OF PORT LAND

Portland was founded by 2 pioneers in the 1840s, Asa Lovejoy from Boston, MA and Francis Pettygrove from Portland, ME. The two flipped a coin to see who’s hometown their new town would be named after, and flipped a coin with Pettygrove being the winner.

Like many of the western cities of the time, the city was laid out in a grid pattern as to facilitate easy navigation and expansion of the city. Over time the grid continued to grow brought on by the building spurs of the Great Fire of 1873, and the increasing urbanization Public the city from its strategic position as transportation a western port city within easy access to of transportation in and theAlbicity of surrounding farmland.Public In 1891 the cities of East Portland, Portland is verygreatly comprensive compared to na were annexed by the city of Portland, increasing its urban Portland is very area, and also incorporating the urban layouts comprensive of both cities into itscompared to other ofoutits size. own. The metropolitan area cities has grown from manyThe of the metropolitan grids esother cities of its size. The metropolitan tablished by these original 3 cites, and grew to surround the signifiarea is served by the MAXhave light cantly older Oregon City. Later booms in the tech industry led rail area served the MAX to a vast growth of the urbanis and suburban by areas of the metro.light rail

trains along with smaller systems of trains along with smaller systems of streetcars, a more regional commuter rail

regional commuter rail U1840s, R BAsa A Lovejoy N Gfrom R O W T H B O U N network, Dstreetcars, A RY andaamore Portland was founded by 2 pioneers in the large bus system. There

Boston, MA and Francis Pettygrove from Portland, ME. The two GOALS flipped a coin to see who’s hometown their new town would be • To halt the after, sprawl of flipped urban growth fromPettygrove the epicenter of the Portland named and a coin with being winner. theradius western cities of the time, the city was laid out in intoLike the many more of rural around. a grid pattern as to facilitate easy navigation and expansion of the MEANS OF IMPLENENTATION city. Over time the grid continued to grow brought on by the build• Passing laws of to the dictate the grounds byand which is designated in ing spurs Great Fire of 1873, the land increasing urbanization from its the strategic as and a western port cityhow withmuch easy access or outside urbanposition boundary to determine land is to surrounding farmland. In 1891 the cities of East Portland, and Albiadded when needed as well as where the boundary will be changed. na were annexed by the city of Portland, greatly increasing its urban SCALE OFand IMPACT area, also incorporating the urban layouts of both cities into its own. and The land metropolitan has grown outboundary. from many of the grids es• Housing prices arearea impacted by this tablished by these original 3 cites, and grew to surround the significantly older Oregon City. Later booms in the tech industry have led to a vast growth of the urban and suburban areas of the metro.

network, and a large bus system. There is a discrepancy with the much of the is a discrepancy with the much of the city however, most of the routes become city however, most of the routes become more and more sparse the farther out of more and more sparse the farther out of the city you go. This leaves many people the city you go. This leaves many people without reliable public trasit, forcing them without reliable public trasit, forcing them to be reliant on automobiles. to be reliant on automobiles.

N G R OWT H B OU N D A RY C. 1930

Portland

City population reaches C. 1930 300,000 inhabitants City population reaches 300,000 inhabitants

ignated in

uch land is

be changed.

42

1979

1979

Establishment 1979 of the Tri-Met Founding of 1979 the Portland public transportation agency, Growthof Boundary or Establishment of the Tri-Met Urban Founding the Portland andpublic creation of the MAX agency, lines transportation Urban METRO Growth Boundary or and creation of the MAX lines METRO

2002

2014

Over 17,000 acres were added Metro extends the UGB to 2002 2014 toOver the urban this include thethe UGB to 17,000boundary; acres were added Metro extends corresponds withboundary; community to the urban this include the of Damascus corresponds with community of Damascus

area, and also incorporating the urban layouts of both cities into its own. The metropolitan area has grown out from many of the grids established by these original 3 cites, and grew to surround the significantly older Oregon City. Later booms in the tech industry have led to a vast growth of the urban and suburban areas of the metro.

U R B A N G R O W T H B O U N D A RY

URBAN GROWTH BOUNDARY

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

POPULATION DENSITY

GOALS

• To halt the sprawl of urban growth from the epicenter of Portland into the more rural radius around.

MEANS OF IMPLENENTATION • Passing laws to dictate the grounds by which land is designated in or outside the urban boundary and to determine how much land is

P OP U L AT ION DE NS IT Y MA P

added when needed as well as where the boundary will be changed.

COMPARABLE CITIES

SCALE OF IMPACT

Houston:

• Housing and land prices are impacted by this boundary.

3,662 people per sm

OVERALL POPULATION DENSI TY: 4,740

Washington DC: 10,528 people per sm

New York: 27,000 people per sm

Boston 13,841 people per sm

London: 3,900 people per sm

Paris: 52,240 people per sm

Rome:

POPU

5,790 people per sm

Moscow:

COMPARABLE CITIES

14,800 people per sm

Houston:

Dhaka:

OVERALL POPU DENSITY 4 ,7 4 0

3,662 people per sm

121,720 people per sm

Washington DC:

Beijing

10,528 people per sm

3,400 people per sm

New York:

Tokyo:

P O P U L ATI O N D E N SI T

27,000 people per sm

16,440 people per sm

COMPARABLE CITIES

Boston

13,841POPULATION people per sm OVERALL DENSITY: London:

M E T ROP OL ITA N P U BLHouston: IC T RA NS P O RTATI O4 ,7N4 0 3,662 people per sm

Washington DC: 10,528 people per sm

New York:

3,900 people per sm

Paris: 52,240 people per sm

Rome:

per sm P OP U L AT I O N D E5,790 Npeople SI TY MAP

27,000 people per sm

COMPARABLE CITIES Houston:

T I M E L I N E O F U R B A N P L A N N I N G A N D B O U N D A RY

3,662 people per sm

Washington DC: 10,528 people per sm

1843

Asa Lovejoy and William Overton Settle the area of Portland

C. 1855

Portland Grid begins to appear as the urban plan

1879

City population reaches 17,500 inhabitants

1892

Consolidation of the governments of Portland, East Portland and Albina

C. 1900

City population reaches 100,000 inhabitants

1915

New York:

Merger with cities of Linnton 27,000 people per sm and St. JohnsPublic transportation in the city of

Boston Portland is very comprensive compared to

13,841 people per sm

other cities of its size. The metropolitan London: area is served by the MAX light rail

3,900 people per sm

trains along with smaller systems of Paris: streetcars, a more regional commuter rail

52,240 people per sm

network, and a large bus system. There Rome:

Boston

13,841POPULATION people per sm OVERALL DENSI TY: London:

4,740

3,900 people per sm

Paris: 52,240 people per sm

Rome: 5,790 people per sm

Moscow:

14,800 people per sm

Dhaka: 121,720 people per sm

Beijing 3,400 people per sm

Tokyo: 16,440 people per sm

Moscow: 14,800 people per sm

Dhaka: 121,720 people per sm

Beijing 3,400 people per sm

Tokyo:

M E TR O P O L I

43

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

ANALYSIS | CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

44

Dominican Republic Context

Punta Cana Context

Students conducted a multifaceted analysis of the Dominican Republic and the region of Punta Cana. Aspects related to History & Culture, Climate, Marine and Terrestrial Environment, Geography and Physical History, and Urban and Architectural characteristics were documented at the scale of the country and at the region. A series of maps were created and correlated to understand the connections between environmental, physical and human history.

Four sites were identified for development at urban planning and architectural scales. The first site involves the proposal of a new Airport terminal, adjacent to the existing Terminals A and B. The second site, Puntacana Village, tackles urban development to the east and west side of the existing Village and its connections to the former. The third site, Hacienda, involves development on a land-locked and densely vegetated inland area. Its adjacencies are urban development to the north, high-end second vacation housing development to the west and south, and existing jungle to the east. The fourth site addresses developing a new hotel experience on the site of the original hotel of the Grupo Puntacana Resort and Club. Besides featuring the existing bungalows of the original hotel, this site has tentative connections to the Fundación Grupo Puntacana sites to the northeast, a natural reserve to the south east and a water’s edge along the west.

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

GEOGRAHPY LEGEND: - Forested Area

- National Park / Protected Areas

- Lakes

- Quarries

- Cities

16

- Lowest Elevation -151 ft below sea level (Lago Enriquillo)

15

- Highest Elevation 10, 164 ft above sea level (Pico Duarte)

14 13 12 11 10

9 8 7

2

3

4

5

6

1

CITY LEGEND: 1 Barahona Population: 138,159

2 Bani Population: 72,466

3 San Cristobal Population: 275,232

4 Santo Domingo Population: 965,040

5 San Pedro De Macoris Population: 185,255

9 Hato Mayor Del Ray Population: 70,141

10 Bonao Population: 68,602

11 Nagua Population: 79,420

12 San Francisco De Macrois Population: 132,725

13 La Vega Population: 104,536

6 La Romana Population: 127,623 14 Puerto Plata Population: 118,496

7 Punta Cana Population: 43,982

8 Higuey Population: 147,978

15 Santiago De Los Caballeros Population: 550,753

16 San Juan de la Maguana Population: 71,494

Geography & Physical History

Assignment 1D: Contextual Analysis 45 Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners - Trevor Steinberg ARCH 513_03_FA19

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

ANALYSIS | GEOGRAPHY & PHYSICAL HISTORY

46

Geography & Physical History H

Assignment 1D: Contextual Analysis Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners - Trevor Steinberg

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

Geography & Physical History

BRISTOL

ARCH 513_03_FA19

U.S.A

MIAMI

Assignment 1D: Contextual Analysis Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners - Trevor Steinberg

CUBA

1,605 Miles 2 Days 21 Hours @ 20 knots 1,605 Miles 4 hours 5 min

GULF OF MEXICO

NORTH O ATLANTIC OCEAN

BAHAMAS

TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS

SAN JUAN

CUBA MEXICO Guantanamo anta t n

Guatemala uatem

HAITI

CENTRAL AMERICA

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

JAMAICA

PUNTA CANA San Juan

PUERTO RICO

CARIBBEAN SE SEA

[From top left, down to bottom right]

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

Arterial Roads Highways

Caracas

San an Jo Jose

Panama nama City

Puerto Plata

SOUTH AMERICA

Santiago De Las Charcas Los Caballeros

Santo Domingo

La Romana Punta Cana

ARUBA

Geography & Physical History

Assignment 1D: Contextual Analysis Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners - Trevor Steinberg ARCH 513_03_FA19

Geography & Physical History

Assignment 1D: Contextual Analysis Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners - Trevor Steinberg ARCH 513_03_FA19

Geography & Physical History

Assignment 1D: Contextual Analysis Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners - Trevor Steinberg ARCH 513_03_FA19

47

Causes that are Threatening Marine Wildlife

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

ANALYSIS | MARINE TOPOGRAPHY Where does it come from? ● The currents off West Africa and water discourage from the Amazon ● Collects in the ‘Sargasso Sea’ ○ teardrop-shaped ‘islands’ ○ moves through Caribbean Sea

Sargassum

Causes that are Threatening Marine Wildlife

Sargassuma floating, marine brown algae (seaweed) that floats freely in the ocean (does not attach to the bottom)

Causes that are Threatening Marine Wildlife

Aquatic Species and Flora -

Over 800 marine species native to Dominican Republic

-

4 invasive species encroaching the ecosystem

-

Hard and soft coral species

-

Sargassum

Native and Non-Native Species -

Parrotfish

-

Lionfish

-

Surgeonfish

-

Whiteleg Shrimp

-

Snapper

-

Red-rimmed Melania

-

Grouper

-

Orange-cup Coral

-

Humpback whales (N. DR)

-

Leatherback, Loggerhead, Hawksbill, and Green turtles

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

The Never-ending Cycle...

Loss of Coral Reefs

Protecting Coral Reefs

Pollution

Preventing Beach Erosion

Excursions

Tourism

Cultural and Economic Implications - Tourism -

Generates ~37% of Dominican Republic’s total earnings Beach quality was surveyed as the second main reason why tourists travel here Tourists spend ~$1 million/yr in smaller communities en route from resorts to excursion towns

- Fisheries -

Marine fisheries support ~9,000 fishermen’s jobs 99% of the catch is sold domestically, within DR Gross income from reef-dependent fisheries decreased by ~60% in the last 10 years

- Employment of Dominican residents -

Nationwide employment rate is 61% as of this month ~56% of the labor force in the country is made up by government & services jobs Exports to the US & the tourism from the US comprise 7% of Dominican Republic’s economy

Effects of Transportation -

Air Traffic -

-

Punta Cana is the main entry point into the country by aviation ~3.6 million people flew into Punta Cana in 2017 Grupo PuntaCana owns the Punta Cana International Airport (PUJ) The foundation describes the airport as “a modern facility that incorporates innovative and eco-friendly design” → how eco-friendly is it?

Marine Traffic -

Cruise ship entry through the Punta Cana port increased by 37% from 2016-2017 This increase accounts for over 1.2 million visitors that year Trends are similar in other port cities → increased traffic and emissions surrounding DR Other boats, such as cargo ships, are also contributing to the marine traffic

Connection between Environment and Tourism - Loss of live corals and destruction of coral reefs contribute to beach erosion -

Coral reefs protect shorelines from wave energy

- If beach erosion rates continue with the current trends, Dominican Republic would lose an estimated $52-100 million in the next 10 years - 10 years after the disappearance of live corals, beach erosion rates could increase by over 100%

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

ANALYSIS | CLIMATE ANALYSIS AND IMPLICATIONS CLIMATE ANALYSIS AND IMPLICATIONS

CLIMATE ZONE MAP

Aidan Carden Chris Cloutier Danny Cusmano Cameron Germond

ARCH 515 Profs. Olga Mesa & Nate Fash

89.2

88.5 86.2

89.1

83.7

88.7

TEMP GIVEN IN FAHRENHEIT

CLIMATE OVERVIEW DIAGRAM

WEATHER DATA PROVIDED

BY WEATHER SPARK. CONDITIONS MEASURED AT PUNTA CANA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

82.8 81.4 81.2

82.1 83.0

THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC HAS A WIDE RANGE OF CLIMATE DUE TO IT’S LATITUDINAL LOCATION AND THE TERRAIN. MUCH OF THE COUNTRY FALLS INTO AN DRY CLIMATE, REGION WHICH IS DUE TO AGRICULTURAL LAND USE. SOME INSTANCES OF MODERATE HUMIDITY CAN BE FOUND IN THE FORESTED REGIONS. THE MOST HUMID AREAS OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ARE FOUND IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS.

82.2

PERHUMID VERY HUMID HIGHLY HUMID MODERATE HUMID LOW HUMID MOIST SUB HUMID DRY SUB HUMID

82.3

SEMI ARID

88.2

82.6

ARID

87.3 82.5 86.2

83.0

84.6 82.2 83.1 83.2

82.9

RAINFALL GIVEN IN MM

REL. HUMIDITY GIVEN IN %

78.5

13.2

RELATIVE TEMPERATURE MAP

13.1

116.6 12.7 152.1

103.1

AS INDICATED BY THE RED REGION, THE COUNTRY OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC EXPERIENCES PRIMARILY HOT TEMPERATURES ACROSS THE MAJORITY OF THE LANDMASS. MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS ARE DENOTED BY THE YELLOW AND FOOTHILLS IN ORANGE. TEMPERATURES GRADUALLY DROP OFF WHEN MOVING INTO THE FOOTHILLS AND THEN THE MOUNTAINS.

12.1

101.7 11.5 78.3 11.7 69.2 54.2

54.2 66.4

124.4

WIND SPEED GIVEN IN MPH

103.9

10.2 10.8

12.9 12.4

12.3

13.3

TEMP (FAHRENHEIT)

DIURNAL CYCLE

CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION

PERCENTAGE

SPRING / FALL WINTER

ENERGY (KWH)

TEMP (FAHRENHEIT)

SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL

COMFORT LEVEL NORTH

HUMID

EAST

MUGGY

SOUTH

OPPRESSIVE

WEST

VERY OPPRESSIVE

PERCENTAGE

WIND DIRECTION

PERCENTAGE

WARMER

SUMMER

WATER TEMP

50

COOLER

PREVAILING WIND AND WATER CURRENTS PARTING AROUND THE LANDMASS FROM THE EASTERN EDGE, TWO OCEAN CURRENTS MAKE THEIR WAY AROUND THE ISLAND. THE PETITES ANTILLES CURRENT PASSES TO THE NORTH, AND THE GRANDES ANTILLES CURRENT IS PASSES TO THE SOUTH OF THE COUNTRY. COMING FROM THE EAST AS WELL, THE PREVAILING WIND CURRENT MOVES ACROSS THE LAND MASS.

WATER CURRENT

PREVAILING WIND

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

ARCHITECTURAL IMPLICATIONS

HURRICANE PATHS 1851 -2019

GIVEN THAT THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC OFTEN SUFFERS FROM AN EASTERN DIRECTIONAL RAINFALL, COVERAGE SHOULD BE LOCATED ON THE WESTERN FACADES OF STRUCTURES, WHILE ALSO BEING ANGLED SINCE WIND-DRIVEN RAIN FALLS DIAGONALLY RATHER THAN VERTICALLY. THESE ANGLED COVERAGE DEVICES CAN ALSO FUNCTION AS LOUVERS, AND COULD EVEN BE MOTORIZED AS TO ALLOW THEM TO BE ADJUSTED DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF WEATHER AND ITS DIRECTION.

ANGLED RAIN PROTECTION

LOUVERS

SUN SHADES ARE BOTH AESTHETIC AND FUNCTIONAL. IN HOT HUMID CLIMATES THEY ALLOW FOR FILTERED LIGHT TO ENTER A BUILDING BUT HELP TO KEEP THE GLAZING AND BUILDING MASS COOL IN THE SUMMER HEAT. THEY ARE HIGHLY ADAPTABLE TO DESIGN STYLES AND ADD A SENSE OF TEXTURE TO A BUILDING’S FACADE .

SOURCE: NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ASSOCIATION

PROJECTED SEA LEVEL RISE SEA LEVEL RISE RELATIVE TO 1990 (CM)

TWO OF THE MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS FACING THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND THE PUNTA CANA REGION ARE SEA LEVEL RISE AND THE PRESENCE OF HURRICANES IN THE CARIBBEAN SEA.

SUN SHADE

THE PRESENCE OF HURRICANE ACTIVITY IS NOTHING NEW TO THE PUNTA CANA REGION. THEREFORE IT CAN BE EXPECTED TO BE ON GOING AND THEREFORE NEEDS TO BE ACCOUNTED FOR IN DESIGN DECISIONS.

UPPER LIMIT

SUN SHADE

A MEANS OF PROTECTING A BUILDING FROM ISSUES LIKE STORM SURGE. BY ELEVATING THE BUILDING, THE RISK OF STORM DAMAGE DUE TO FLOODING IS REDUCED, AS THE MAIN LIVING AREAS ARE ELEVATED ABOVE THE LEVEL FOR FLOODS.

LOWER LIMIT

ACCORDING TO THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE, THE REGION CAN EXPECT TO SEE AN 18” SEA LEVEL RISE BY 2050, EFFECTING ANY LOW LYING AREAS. FURTHERMORE AN AVERAGE SEA LEVEL RISE OF 6.5 FEET IS POSSIBLE BY HE YEAR 2100.

SOURCE: IPCC

MODERN ELEVATED DWELLING

VERNACULAR ELEVATED DWELLING

WARMER HURRICANES & TROPICAL STORMS HURRICANES

DAMAGE IN PUNTA CANA FROM HURRICANE MARIA

HURRICANE DORIAN OF THE COAST OF THE DOMINICAN

HEAVY BRACING IS NEEDED WHEN BUILDING IN A REGION WHERE TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES ARE MORE PREVALENT, BUILDINGS ARE OFTEN BUILT TO WITHSTAND HIGH WIND LOADS.

HURRICANE FREQUENCY CHART

STORM RESISTANT ELEVATED DWELLING

PARADISUS RESORT AND SPA

FURTHERMORE, IF THE PROJECTED SEA LEVEL RISE BY 2100 IS ACCURATE THEN THE FOUNDATION WILL CERTAINLY NEED TO TAKE ACTION . NEW CONSTRUCTION SHOULD BE PREPARED FOR THE POSSIBILITY.

ADJUSTABLE WALL AND SCREEN COVERS ALLOW FOR SPACES SUCH AS PORCHES AND OUTDOOR EVENT SPACES TO BE OPEN-AIR DURING HOT, ARID DAYS AND CLOSED DURING COLDER OR RAINY TIMES

CATALONIA CABEZA DEL TORO GOLF COURSE

ALTHOUGH IT APPEARS THE GROUPO PUNTA CANA FOUNDATION WILL NOT BE THE MOST HEAVILY EFFECTED REGION OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC IN THE NEXT 50 YEARS ( LIKELY DUE TO ELEVATION), MANY OF THE NEIGHBORING ATTRACTIONS WILL LIKELY FACE SEVERE CHALLENGES THAT WILL POTENTIALLY EFFECT TOURISM IN THE AREA.

DWELLING WITH STORM BRACING

ADJUSTABLE SCREEN / TENT

SCREEN

CROSS- VENTILATION IS A USEFUL TACTIC TO NATURALLY VENTILATE A SPACE UTILIZING PREVAILING WINDS, PUSHING THEM THROUGH THE SPACE AND OUT AN OPENING AT THE OTHER END. GIVEN THAT THE PREVAILING WINDS IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MOVE EAST → WEST, OPENINGS SHOULD BE LOCATED ON BOTH THE EASTERN AND WESTERN FACADES.

PARCO NACIONAL DE ESTE

CROSS VENTILATION

CROSS VENTILATION

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

ANALYSIS | URBAN + ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS Ships

Cities were established on the coastline to accommodate ships.

Santo Domingo became the established capital due to the large river it has that allowed ships to pass through.

http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/22.htm https://www.jstor.org/stable/43618957?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

Cars

Railroads 1870- first mass transit system in DR Railroads became the next major way for cities to connect to each other in terms of transporting goods and then later, people.

52

When cars came to the Dominican Republic, more inland cities developed and tourism flourished because of new access to transportation.

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

European Settlement

Pre-Colonial The Taino people relied heavily on dried palm tree leaves to put together crafts, artwork, furniture, and houses. Using mud, thatched roofs, and mahogany trees give buildings and the furniture inside a natural look, blending in with the island’s surroundings. Hammocks were the traditional sleeping accommodations of the Taino.

Airport Inspired by the thatched roof style

European Grid System In the late 19th century, Spanish influences brought orthogonal city grids to the Dominican Republic inspired by the idea of Christian utopias dividing and organizing territories.

Santo Domingo map 1873

1534

erview

After the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the late 15th century new building techniques and materials were introduced to the area. Mostly consisting of heavy stone masonry walls, barrel vaults and arches.

Some of these ruins still stand today.

1762 )

As the spanish continue to occupy the colony, spanish colonial style architecture emerges with the classic stucco exterior walls, arched doors and windows and red clay tiled roofs. This later evolves into the concrete construction of more modern urbanism.

53

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

ANALYSIS | TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

MOUNTAINS CORDILLERA SEPTENTRIONAL

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

LIFE ZONES CORDILLERA ORIENTAL

LIFE ZONES CLIMATE

LIFE ZONES

POPULATION CORDILLERA CENTRAL

LAKES / RIVERS

LAKES / RIVERS

CLIMATE LAND USE

SIERRA DE NEIBA

MOUNTAINS

MOUNTAINS

LAKES / RIVERS

LAND USE POPULATION

CLIMATE

TEMPERATURES

PERSONS PER SQUARE MILE

TEMPERATURES

PERSONS PER SQUARE KILOMETER

SIERRA DE BAHORUCO

DATA FROM 1960 CENSUS

DROUGHT

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

DROUGHT

LAND USE POPULATION

MOUNTAINS

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

MOUNTAINS MOUNTAINS LAKES / RIVERS LAKES / RIVERS

LAKES / RIVERS

CLIMATE LAND USE POPULATION

TEMPERATURES

CLIMATIC CLASSES

LIFE ZONES

A - PERHUMID

C2 - MOIST SUBHUMID

B4 - VERY HUMID

C1 - DRY SUBHUMID

B3 - HIGHLY HUMID

D - SEMIARID

B2 - MODERATE HUMID

E - ARID

LIFE ZONES LIFE ZONES CLIMATE CLIMATE

DROUGHT

B1 - LOW HUMID

LAND USE LAND USE

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

POPULATION POPULATION

MOUNTAINS

TEMPERATURES

ANNUAL Tmin(*C) ANNUAL Tmin(*C) 0-5 0-5 5 - 10 5 - 10 10 - 15 10 - 15 15 - 20 15 - 20 20 - 25 20 - 25

LAKES / RIVERS

DROUGHT

LIFE ZONES

TEMPERATURES TEMPERATURES DROUGHT DROUGHT

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

MOUNTAINS

CLIMATE

LAKES / RIVERS

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

MOUNTAINS LAKES / RIVERS LIFE ZONES

LIFE ZONES

LAND USE

CLIMATE LAND USE

CLIMATE LAND USE

POPULATION

POPULATION

POPULATION ANNUAL P (mm)

TEMPERATURES

LIFE ZONES SUBTROPICAL THORN WOODLAND

SUBTROPICAL LOWER MONTANE MOIST FOREST

SUBTROPICAL DRY FOREST

SUBTROPICAL LOWER MONTANE WET FOREST

SUBTROPICAL MOIST FOREST

SUBTROPICAL LOWER MONTANE RAIN FOREST

SUBTROPICAL WET FOREST

SUBTROPICAL MONTANE WET FOREST

SUBTROPICAL RAIN FOREST

54

DROUGHT

TEMPERATURES

LAND UTILIZATION CROPLAND

SCRUB FOREST AND THORN BUSH

CROPLAND AND PASTURE (mixed with forest, savanna, and shrubs)

SAVANNA (some pasture and cropland)

FOREST

SWAMP OR MARSH

250 - 500 500 - 750 750 - 1000 1000 - 1500 1500 - 2000

DROUGHT

TEMPERATURES

2000 - 2500

DROUGHT

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

7 MAJOR PRESERVED PLACES

ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

DROUGHT 8%

STORM 31%

21 CUBIC KM OF RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES WITH 89% USED

VOLCANO 7% ALLUVIUM 4%

FOREST FIRE 3% EXTREME TEMPERATURE 1%

GLIDE 1%

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

31%

DROUGHT FLOOD 8% 45% VOLCANO 7% ALLUVIUM 4% SILVER GYPSUM

1%

GLIDE

IRON ORE

1% ORE) BAUXITE (ALUMINUM LATERITE NICKLE ORE

FLOOD 45%

GREATEST DANGERS TO AGRICULTURAL SECTORS

SILVER GYPSUM

21 CUBIC KM OF RENEWABLE WATER CUBIC OF RESOURCES 21 WITH 89%KM USED RENEWABLE WATER FOREST FIRE CUBIC OF RESOURCES 21 WITH 89%KM USED UVIUM NO 3% 10% OF ALL RENEWABLE WATER 4% XTREME TEMPERATURE 21 CUBIC OF FOREST FIRE SPECIES OF FLORA AND RESOURCES WITH 89%KM USED NO 1% UVIUM 3% RENEWABLE WATER 10% OF ALLOF 21 CUBIC KM FAUNA IN DANGER 4% NO GLIDETEMPERATURE XTREME FOREST FIRE RESOURCES WITH 89%WATER USED SPECIES OF FLORA AND UVIUM RENEWABLE OF EXTINCTION 1% 1% 3% 4% 10% OF USED ALL FAUNA IN DANGER RESOURCES WITH 89% UVIUM GLIDEFIRE XTREME TEMPERATURE FOREST SPECIES OF FLORA AND OF EXTINCTION 4% 1% EIGHTH MOST 3% 1% 10% OF ALL FOREST FIRE FAUNA IN DANGER VULNERABLE XTREME TEMPERATURE GLIDE 3% SPECIESOF OF FLORA AND 10% OF ALL D 1% 1% EXTINCTION EIGHTH MOST COUNTRY TO XTREME TEMPERATURE FAUNA IN DANGER SPECIES OF FLORA AND GLIDE 1% VULNERABLE CLIMATE CHANGE OF EXTINCTION FAUNA IN DANGER 1% D GLIDE EIGHTH MOST COUNTRY TO OF EXTINCTION VULNERABLE 1% CLIMATE CHANGE EIGHTH MOST D COUNTRY TO ONE THIRD OF LAND IS VULNERABLE EIGHTH MOST CLIMATE CHANGE UNDER PERMANENT D COUNTRY VULNERABLE ONE THIRD OF LANDTO IS CULTIVATION D CLIMATE CHANGE COUNTRY TO UNDER PERMANENT ONECLIMATE THIRD OFCHANGE LAND IS CULTIVATION UNDER PERMANENT E (ALUMINUM ORE) PASTURES /OF MEADOWS ONE THIRD LAND IS CULTIVATION ATERITE NICKLE ORE MAKE UP 2/5 % OF LAND UNDER PERMANENT ONE THIRD OF LAND IS E (ALUMINUM ORE) PASTURESCULTIVATION / MEADOWS FORESTS UNDER PERMANENT ATERITE NICKLE ORE MAKE UP 2/5 % OF LAND 1/8 CULTIVATION E (ALUMINUM ORE) PASTURES / MEADOWS FORESTS ATERITE NICKLE ORE 2/5 % OF LAND MAKE UP 1/8 E (ALUMINUM ORE) PASTURES / MEADOWS FORESTS E (ALUMINUM ORE) ATERITE NICKLE ORE MAKE UP OF PASTURES MEADOWS MAKE UP 2/5 1/8/ % % OF LAND LAND ATERITE NICKLE ORE MAKE UP 2/5 %FORESTS OF LAND MAKE UP 1/8 %FORESTS OF LAND MAKE UP 1/8 % OF LAND

SAMANA PROVINCE PARK

VALLE NUEVO NATIONAL PARK

SPECIES OF FLORA AND FAUNA IN DANGER OF EXTINCTION

PASTURES / MEADOWS MAKE UP 2/5 % OF LAND EIGHTH MOST FORESTS VULNERABLE MAKE UP 1/8 % OF LAND

EAST NATIONAL PARK SIERRA DE BAORUCO NATIONAL PARK

COUNTRY TO CLIMATE CHANGE

ONE THIRD OF LAND IS UNDER PERMANENT CULTIVATION

GOLD MINERALS FOUND IN MOUNTAINS

JOSE ARMANDO BERMUDEZ NATIONAL PARK

RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES WITH 89% USED

ONE THIRD OF LAND IS FOREST FIRE UNDER PERMANENT 3% 10% OF ALL CULTIVATION EXTREME TEMPERATURE

GOLD MINERALS FOUND IN MOUNTAINS

10% OF ALL SPECIES OF FLORA AND FAUNA IN DANGER OF EXTINCTION EIGHTH MOST VULNERABLE COUNTRY TO 21 CUBIC KM OF CLIMATE CHANGE

ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS GREATEST DANGERS TO AGRICULTURAL SECTORS STORM

MONTE CRISTI PARK

JARAGUA NATIONAL PARK

IRON ORE BAUXITE (ALUMINUM ORE) LATERITE NICKLE ORE

PASTURES / MEADOWS MAKE UP 2/5 % OF LAND FORESTS MAKE UP 1/8 % OF LAND

COMPARING MAPS

NO

6

UVIUM NO 4%

5

7

4 1

2

8 9 10

3

11 12

VS FORREST & TERRAIN

CROPS & FARMLAND

13

1. Mangrove Forest & Seasonally Flooded Areas

6. Pine Forest (Sub-mountainous & Mountainous)

11. Sub-humid Deciduous Forest & Shrubs

2. Dry Forest & Shrubs

7. High Mountain Grassland & Evergreen Forest

12. Grassland, Farmland, and Crops

3. Grassland

8. Evergreen & Pine Forest

13. Palm Tree Clusters on Beach

4. Rainforest or Cloudforest

9. Deciduous Tree Forest & Shrubs

14. Beach receding to Sea

5. Palm Forest & Deciduous Forest, Shrubs

10. Palm Forest

14

MAP AS A WHOLE

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

ANALYSIS | HISTORY & CULTURE Pre-Columbian Era

1490s

1600s - 1700s

1800s

1900

1910

Population

12,000,000

10,000,000

1906: 50-year treaty is signed with US. The US takes over the republic's customs department in return for buying its debts.

1697: The Spanish lost the western half of the island to the French.

1795: Spain handed power of the whole island to France.

The Taino originated from the Arawak people from South America, they were mainly Amazonians who traveled through Orinoco Valley in Venezuela to “Hispaniola” (current island of the Dominican Republic and Haiti)

1492: Colombus discovered La Hispaniola 1493: First Spanish colony in Western hemisphere named Santo Domingo.

1916-24: US forces occupy the Dominican Republic following internal disorder.

1808: Spain retakes Santo Domingo 1844: Santo Domingo declares its independence & becomes the Dominican Republic.

1924: Constitutional government assumes control, US forces withdrawl.

8,000,000 1861-1863: Pedro Santana returns the Dominican Republic to Spanish rule.

6,000,000 Taino means noble and the people were civilized; they never fought and often settled disagreements with competitive games.

4,000,000

1501: First group of African slaves were brought in to Santo Domingo to work in the sugar cane fields.

With the Atlantic Slave Trade, African slaves were brought in leading to mixing of African, Taino, and European Spaniards.

1863-64: Spain withdraws and annuls its annexation with the Dominican Republic.

1865: The second Dominican Republic proclaimed.

2,000,000

0 Race Taino Spanish African Haitian French American

56

1920

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

1930

1940

1960

1950

1980

1970

1990

1971: The first hotel was built in Punta Cana

1930: General Trujillo Molina establishes personal dictatorship.

1937: Army massacres 19,000-20,000 Haitians living in areas of the Dominican Republic adjacent to Haiti.

1962: First democratic election in four decades.

Juan Bosch from the PRD Party elected president.

1963: Bosch deposed in military coup and replaced by a three-man civilian junta.

1965: About 30,000 US troops invade the DR following a pro-Bosch uprising.

1982: Jorge Blanco, elected president from the PRD Party.

1984: Club Med and an airport was built in Punta Cana.

1978: Silvestre Antonio Guzman from PRD Party is elected president and released about 200 political prisoners, and purge the armed forces of Balaguer supporters.

2000

2010

2001: Conviction against former president, Salvador Jorge Blanco, on charges of corruption.

2010: Congressional elections.

Governing Dominican Liberation Party (PLD) retains firm grip on power.

2001: Three days of national mourning declared in November. US jet bound for Santo Domingo crashes in New York killing all 255 people on board.

2010: Dominican Republic tightens border restrictions to prevent cholera spreading from Haiti.

2002 : Former president Joaquin Balaguer dies aged 95 Dominated politics for 50 years.

1979: Two hurricanes leave more than 200,0000 people homeless and damages over 1 billion dollars, economy continues to deteriorate due to high fuel prices and low sugar prices.

1988: Jorge Blanco found guilty of corruption during his presidential tenure.

1966: Joaquin Balaguer, a Trujillo protege and former leader (PRSC), is elected president.

1994: Balaguer re-elected, but only for a two-year term after being accused of fraud.

1998: Hurricane George causes widespread devastation.

2003: Deadly clashes between police and protesters during demonstrations against high prices, power cuts. Two months later, demonstrations about economic policies leave at least five dead.

Mirabal sisters

2004: Severe floods in the south-west, and in parts of neighbouring Haiti, leave more than 2,000 dead or disappeared.

2005: Free trade agreement with the US and Central American nations.

1969: Americans started to purchase land in Punta Cana

1800s: El Carnaval de la Vega

Mangu con los tres golpes - AFRICA

Arepita: cornmeal cake usually with raisins - TIANO

Arroz con leche: SPAIN Moro de habichuela: PUERTO RICO

La Bandera Dominicana SPAIN

Sancocho: SPAIN

Habichuela con dulce: Red beans, cinnamon, nutmeg, coconut milk, evaporated milk, raisins, butter, sugar, usually served with a special crackerTURKISH

1850: Merengue

1960s: Bachata

1960s: Baseball

DR Quick Facts Main language: spanish Education is very important: adult literacy rate of 83% The family unit is of primary importance, loyalty and respect Personal space is limited, and almost nonexistent Hello kisses Communication with body language and hands The common expression, Si Dios quiere (If God wishes) Relationships with people, is more important than, appointments, etc.

Brujeria or witchcraft is practiced in secret.

Concon

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ENVISION | PROGRAMMING Evaluating and Envisioning Program and Habitat Potentials Students were asked to develop master plans informed by their understanding of the sites and what these might become in the future. A typical master plan entails the planning of building, landscape, and infrastructure, with human uses taking precedence. Instead, students were asked to reimagine the planning process by prioritizing habitat as the guiding principle.

Human and non-human considerations were addressed to evaluate and envision program potentials related to tourism while promoting sustainable habitats for each site. The amount of territory allocated for human and non-human use was central to their designs as well as the development of strategies that might support symbiosis. The students' proposals aimed to identify opportunities for joining business and tourism activities of the Grupo Puntacana with sustainability-oriented activities of the Foundation and how these might be further deployed or enhanced at each site.

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ENVISION | HACIENDA POTENTIAL EXPERIENCES

UTILIZATION OF SHORT TERM TYPOLOGY

CURRENT CONDITIONS

B & B’S

AIRBNB TYPOLOGY 1

Market: 8 mins Schools: 8 Mins Hospital: 7 Mins Church: 8 mins

Airport: 6 mins TYPOLOGY 2

Club Med: 6 mins

Coral Highway 8 mins

TYPOLOGY 3

Bed and Breakfasts have become more and more abundant over the past decade. Visitors seek a personal element not found in chain hotels and resorts. Plus a homade meal in the morning is always a great way to start the day.

Existing Typology Playa Blanca: 6 mins

URBAN PARK CENTRIC

PLAZA CENTRIC

CANAL SYSTEM PRECEDENTS

CANAL CENTRIC

Residential

Residential

Residential

Ecological

Ecological

Ecological

Community

Community

Community

Foundation

Foundation

Foundation

Canal

Canal

The lack of cars in the city creates a sense of serenity and furthermore, gives a sense of identity to the city. Traversing canals serves as a way of life for locals and provides amusement for visitors.

The canal system allows for the flow of people between its many neighborhoods in a manner more fashionable than found elsewhere. However, many houses and restaurants sit right on the waters edge, which while romantic is proving detrimental in the era of climate change and global sea level rise.

Green-way

Balboa Park: San Diego , CA

Plaza De Espagna: Santo Domingo

Grand Canal: Venice , Italy

• Museums and restaurants encircle a large urban park • Lush gardens and beautiful architecture draw visitors and locals alike • Restaurants and bars provide vivacity at night • Parks, sanctuaries and hiking trails provide visitors access to nature • Courts and outdoor fitness area provide a health draw

• Large public space bordered by shops and restaurants • Historic buildings provide character to the space • Trees provide shade and respite from the summer heat • Setting on a hillside provides views of the Ozama River • Open flexible space provides opportunity for public events and gatherings and the plaza thus becomes a community center and a place of convivial congregation

• Large “S” shaped canal that serves as an artery through the Venetian island • Serves as a major thoroughfare for the city hared by taxis (vaporettos) and gondolas alike • Some of the city’s most famous hotels and restaurant sit along its banks • Pedestrian streets alongside its banks provide access

Venice Canal System Composed of over 150 canals, Venice is a city of roughly 260,000 residents making it roughly 1/3 the size of Boston; one of the busiest metropolitan areas in the United states. Yet when you visit you are not overwhelmed with smog or the sound of blaring car horns, rather the sound of music and water lapping against the canal-sides. The canal system in Venice serves as a conduit for the transportation of goods, services and people alike all while maintaining the car free nature of the Venice’s mainland.

Canal

Green-way

Green-way

Cappa Cana Marina: 17 mins

TYPOLOGY 4

Airbnb and other home sharing services like VRBO and HomeAway have eclipsed the hotel industry in total valuation. Users value the sense of privacy and seclusion found in home rental services, often found for less than the price of a hotel room.

Punta Cana Application The Hacienda site is landlocked by previously built developments that inhabit the Punta Cana shoreline. However, for many the idea of a tropical vacation includes the water.

INTERVENTION VS FOUNDATION OUTCOME INTERVENTION :

SUSTAINABILITY

COMMUNITY

By introducing a canal system, that connects different Hacienda neighbourhoods, a more coastal feel could be created while creating a greater sense of community between neighbourhoods. Furthermore, such a system could help give the Hacienda neighbourhood a greater sense of identity, an element that the current golf based model is currently lacking.

ECONOMY

GREENWAY • MINIMIZE LOCAL TRAFFIC & CO2 EMISSIONS • INCREASED LOCAL INTEREST IN ECOLOGY

• CONDUIT FOR INTERACTION BETWEEN LOCALS AND VISITORS ALIKE. EASY ACESS FOR BIRD WATCHING COMMUNIITY

Finally, doing so could provide an ecological environment for various species, including tilapia hatcheries that could help sustain the growing push to sustainable agriculture and aquaponics systems. Therefore, a canal system could have benefits that go beyond the human / real estate applications.

• INCREASED INFLUX OF ECOLOGICAL TOURISM

RESORT -OWNED VACTION HOME CASE STUDY

CANAL SYSTEM • PROVIDES OPPORTUNITIES FOR KAYAKING AND CANOEING BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOODS

• OPPOTUNITIES FOR REVENUE BASED ON WATERSPORT AND WATER CRAFT RENTAL SERVICES

• DECREASED TRAVEL TIME TO DOWNTOWN • EASY ACESS TO NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

• COMMUNITY CENTRIC DESIGN, CENTRALIZED COMMERCIAL ZONE BRINGS PEOPLE TOGETHER

• CREATES A CLEAR COMMERCIAL CENTER AND INCREASED LOCALIZED SPENDING

• INCREASED VISIBILITY OF SUSTAINABLE EFFORTS WORLD-WIDE

• INFLUX OF NEW COMMUNITY MEMEBERS IN ADDITION TO PERMANENT RESIDENTS : VIBRANT SCENE

CENTRALIZED PLAN “TREE HOUSE LODGE IS NOT CLOSE TO NATURE …WE ARE PART OF NATURE.”

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SHORT -TERM STAYS

ECOLOGICAL RETREAT

“ WE’VE CREATED AN IDEAL BLEND OF IMAGINATIVE ECOLOGICAL BUILDINGS, COMPLETE WITH A TREE HOUSE, AND NATURAL SCENERY FOR YOU TO ENJOY. ALL NESTLED IN PLAYA CHIQUITA ON THE EDGE OF THE GANDOCA-MANZANILLO WILDLIFE REFUGE”. - TREE HOUSE COASTA RICA

Drawing on the Venetian precedent, many coastal Floridian homes and businesses are located along vast canal systems that cut in from the coast line and provide water access to homes that would otherwise be landlocked. In doing so, places like Ft. Meyers and Naples, FL are able to essentially increase the amount of waterfront available and thus are able to create greater tax revenue than would be possible without such a system.

Benefits to residents include water access and the ability to bring boats and water-craft right to their backyard and meanwhile see the occasional alligator, cayman or manatee.

Permaculture Design Permaculture is a set of design principles or mindsets that apply whole-systems thinking to create sustainable and regenerative design solutions. At its essence it is the human aided development of agricultural ecosystems in which each member of the ecosystem has entered into a state of mutualistic symbiosis with each other element. In other words, the placement of each plant or animal in the system has been carefully thought out to provide the maximum benefit to the system as a whole.

The permaculutre system has been employed in various urban and suburban settings on various scales. From personal gardens, community food forests to entire permaculture towns, the premise of permaculuture has begun to permeate all levels of sustainable living. By taking advantage of the natural bvenefits of the environment, permaculuture allows humans to coexist with the natural environment and minimizes the adverse impact of anthropogenic presence, thus aligning itself with Groupo Punta Cana Foundations sustainability goals.

SUST. PROGRAMS

VACTION RENTAL TYPOLOGY • INCREASED NUMBER OF VISITORS • SHORT TERM VACATIONERS MORE LIKELY TO EAT OUT, SHOP, ETC

PERMACULTURE PRECEDENTS

HACIENDA RENTALS: (THEORETICAL)

HACIENDA PROPOSAL

• MINIMIZE LOCAL TRAFFIC & CO2 EMISSIONS • POTENTIAL FOR AQUAPONIC APPLICATION

TREE HOUSE LODGE COSTA RICA

Florida Canal System

“THROUGH THE COMBINATION OF SHORT - TERM RENTALS, ECOLOGICAL ATTACTIONS AND SUSTAINABILTY BASED COMMUNITY FUNCTIONS WE AIM TO CREATE AN ECOLOGICAL RETREAT AND A NEW PUNTA CANA EXPERIENCE”.

Punta Cana Application The primary premise behind the goals of Groupo Punta Cana Foundation is to serve as forerunners in the ecological tourism movement. The application of permaculture design in a new neighbourhood structure would create an opportunity for the Foundation to become a beacon and example of the possibility of sustainable tourism.

The permaculture system could be applied as various scales ranging from single family gardens to full scale neighbourhood collaborative gardens. Doing so would further enhance the sense of community between fellow residents and visitors alike.

Furthermore, Punta Cana’s less than ideal growing conditions make it the ideal location for the transformative nature of permacultrue design, creating food forests and lush neighborhoods of abundance out of formerly poor and dry soil.

“Greening the Desert”- Jordan A project by permaculture advocate and designer Geoff Lawton. Through the use of permaculture design principles such as strategic planting, earthworks and natural fertilization Lawton was able to transform what was formerly barren desert soil into a fertile oasis of growth.

The creation of a “ food forest” in an arid climate was previously unthinkable, however, through permaculutre, you are able to change the chemical and nutrient make up of the soil and therefore create a fertile environment out of what was once barren desert sands.

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

ENVISIONING POTENTIAL

HACIENDA: LOOKING AHEAD

ENVISIONING POTENTIAL

Neighborhood Network In order to foster a greater sense of community, a network of neighborhood nodes could be created that each surround a community function. Each cluster could be connected to one another by a system of canals, greenways and pedestrian paths that foster a sense of connection not only with in each node but to each neighborhood and the foundation beyond.

Typologies with isolated single lots already exist within the foundation.

Hacienda provides an opportunity for an alternative approach: an approach that encourages sustainable living, community interaction and social and ecological responsibility.

A Flexible System The diagram depicts a nested system in which housing is clustered around a community core and then bisected by green-ways and canal systems.

However, each neighborhood does not have to follow the same nesting order or ingredients.

Some may take a more ecological approach with a shared park or nature preserve or even a large community garden aligned with the foundations sustainable agriculture goals.

Earthworks Reinterpreted The greatest defining characteristics of the hacienda site are the large earthworks left behind from the beginning of golf course construction and acres of untouched wilderness.

Why not take advantage of both by emphasizing the earthworks through a series of parks and water features connected by pathways that traverse untouched nature preserves.

NYC High Line

Ecological Preserves

Vacation Style Housing

GREEN-WAY PRECEDENTS

The High Line is a 1.5 mile long trail that cuts through the center of NYC roughly 30 feet above the streets and sidewalks below. Serving as an urban oasis, the High Line touches several neighborhoods: Greenwich Village, the Meatpacking District, Chelsea, and Midtown Manhattan.

Over the 1.5 miles the trail provides opportunities to relax and gather or be active by also serving as a biking and running path as well. Furthermore, it provides public shared green-space, something often sought after in concrete laden urbanscapes. NYC residents and tourists flock to the trail not only to relax but to get around different parts of the city without having to worry about car traffic or be subjected to the underground metro system.

The high line splices together various NYC neighborhoods and provides a space for public street performance and serves as a showcase of local art and talent. Additionally it provides a casual environment for congregation and community interaction.

Punta Cana Application The current Hacienda neighborhoods lacks a sense of connection, character or identity.

A series of large homes around a golf course provides little to no opportunity for community interaction.

Atlanta Belt-line The Belt-line consists of a network of former railway tracks that have been re-purposed. The project claims to be the largest revitalization project in the city and will connect parks, trails and transit lines through over 33 miles of new trails.

The belt-line will connect 45 different Atlanta neighborhoods and help transform the city into a more sustainable community with pedestrian-friendly public transportation and more strategic connections between cityscape and green-space.

The creation of a community beltway that connected each neighborhoods clusters community center would serve as a pathway of interaction. Furthermore, the pathway could traverse nearly untouched landscape and preserve-land therefore providing a scenic and tranquil way to travel between neighborhoods.

Due to the moderate - warm climate it is feasible the path could serve as a year round connection, thus limiting the need for traditional modes of transportation.

Therefore, such a network of nature trails would align itself with the Groupo Punta Cana’s sustainable tourism mindset.

Community Atmosphere

Green-ways And Canals

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ENVISION Site Proposal | AIRPORT - TERMINAL C

Prevailing Winds

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

Proposal Terminal A

Terminal B

- Employs passive strategies such as natural ventilation - Keeps space open with nature - Uses natural materials, such as thatched roof - Has an “Island Vibe” and aligns more with the culture

- Employs active strategies like heavy duty AC - Walls off exterior environment, but keeps views - Overall, not energy efficient or sustainable - Closer to the “typical” airport experience

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ENVISION | PUNTA CANA HOTEL: EXISTING PROGRAM Leisure Tourism

Closed Condition Private Connection

Cultural Tourism

Open Condition O Public Connection

ocean

beach

existing program

hotel

Approach 1) Waterfront Puntacana Hotel: Approaches onto the site

Assignment 3: Envisioning Program and habitat Potentials Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners Trevor Steinberg - Jorgaq Nakuci - Chelsy Luis

hotel

ARCH 513_03_FA19

tree line

golf

Approach/Relationship to Site Entrance Point

Integrated Fondacion research programs

ocean

beach

existing program

hotel

Approach 2) Recreation

Educational Nature Excursion

Puntacana Hotel: Approaches onto the site

Access and views to neighboring events and golf course

Assignment 3: Envisioning Program and habitat Potentials Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners Trevor Steinberg - Jorgaq Nakuci - Chelsy Luis

Path to beach and marine exploration

ARCH 513_03_FA19

Cultural Integration ocean

beach

existing program

hotel

hotel

tree line

golf

lagoon

excursion path

hotel

grupo fondacion

hotel/research

hotel/research

Puntacana Hotel: Approaches onto the site

Assignment 3: Envisioning Program and habitat Potentials Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners Trevor Steinberg - Jorgaq Nakuci - Chelsy Luis ARCH 513_03_FA19

Fondacion Excursion Path

Tourist Excursion Path

Resident Excursion Path

grupo fondacion

lagoon

excursion path

beach

existing program

hotel

hotel

tree line

beach

existing program

hotel

hotel

tree line

golf

lagoon

excursion path

hotel

golf

Approach 3) Nature Puntacana Hotel: Approaches onto the site

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hotel/research

hotel

ocean

ocean

hotel/research

Assignment 3: Envisioning Program and habitat Potentials Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners Trevor Steinberg - Jorgaq Nakuci - Chelsy Luis ARCH 513_03_FA19

Approach 4) Grupo Fondacion Puntacana Hotel: Approaches onto the site

Assignment 3: Envisioning Program and habitat Potentials Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners Trevor Steinberg - Jorgaq Nakuci - Chelsy Luis ARCH 513_03_FA19

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

Puntacana Hotel:([LVWLQJ 3URJUDP

Assignment 3: Envisioning Program and habitat Potentials Timothy Allen - Thomas Lee - Liam Conners Trevor Steinberg - Jorgaq Nakuci - Chelsy Luis ARCH 513_03_FA19

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ENVISION | PUNTA CANA VILLAGE PUNTA CANA: PROGRAM USES

PUNTA CANA AIRPORT

PUNTA CANA VILLAGE OUTLINE POPULATION: 2,500 ABOUT 50 FAMILIES

GALERIAS PUNTA CANA BLUE MALL

OUR LADY OF PUNTA CANA CHURCH

AREA: 3.4 MILLION SQ. METERS VEGETATION: LOW: COMPENSATED WITH PARKS AND PUBLIC GREEN SPACES OTHER FACTS:

PUNTA CANA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

30% OF A SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE SITE MUST CONTAIN NATIVE FLORA THERE ARE 5 MAIN ROADS IN THE PUNTA CANA VILLAGE 24-HOUR WATER AND ELECTRICITY SERVICES

COMMERCIAL STRIP

PUNTA CANA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL CURRENTLY HAS A STUDENT BODY OF 564 STUDENTS GALERIAS PUNTA CANA IS THE COMMERCIAL CENTER OF THE VILLAGE

30% of a single family house site must contain native flora. Native flora include: rosa de bayahibe, mahogany tree, west indian cedar, royal palm tree, creole pine tree

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

Collages

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | HABITAT DESIGN PROPOSALS Guided by a narrative to serve as a reinforcing framework, students were asked to develop more comprehensive proposals for each of the sites. Recognizing that design can happen at various scales simultaneously, they tested the values and potentials that responded to both human and ecological considerations at the scale of a masterplan, architectural prototype, construction detail.

Their urban planning and architectural design decisions aim to integrate sustainable initiatives developed by the Fundación Group Puntacana. They intend to foresee the impact of such integration at different scales, different levels of performance, and through the experience of each site.

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

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DESIGN | AIRPORT TERMINAL C The concept behind the airport was derived from the national flower of the Dominican Republic known as the Rose of Bayahibe. We used the flower as a metaphorical inspiration to form spaces and make transitions through the airport. The petals of the Rose become the spatial sequence unfolding as one interacts with the space. To help bring the ideas of Grupo Puntacana Fundacion to public view, we imagined the airport as being a pollinator. The users of the airport become the pollen carreirs absorbing values about sustainable initiatives and how they might be more responsible in their interaction with the place they are visiting.

They arrive at the airport, work their way throughout the petals, and slowly discover Puntacana. The green spaces throughout the airport relate to a central green space and slowly spread their way throughout the airport. The airport is now a place that you want to see and discover.

Coming back for departure you now get to deposit the pollen you have accumulated throughout your trip and the pollen transferred and shown through interactive natural elements and technology elements such as interactive boards and guides a person throughout the spaces.

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LOUKAS VARAS + ROBERTO DEROCCO

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

FIRST FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | PUNTA CANA AIRPORT TERMINAL C TYPICAL GLASS ROOF ASSEMBLY - PVB SAFETY GLASS - DRIP EDGE PROFILE - SILICONE AND GLAZING TAPE - STEEL FRAMING AND ALUMINUM PLATE - CONDENSATION OUTLET

ASSEMBLY FING

N METAL DECKING PERIMETER ODEN BAFFLES

L SUPPORTS

EN WALL ASSEMBLY NT SPECIES

OARD ES TO COLUMN UMN TION

R ASSEMBLY FLOORING R SYSTEM SLAB NG N WEB BAR JOISTS CHANGE IN FLOOR MATERIAL

FLOOR

LOPE ASSEMBLY L GLASS RT, FOR GLASS CE CONCRETE BLOCK

CHANGE IN FLOOR MATERIAL

LOOR

DATION ASSEMBLY

GRAVEL E CONCRETE SLAB FOOTING, SET ON

FING

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SARA RAJAEIAN + ERIN DURNING

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | AERO TERRAZA VERDE

2nd Floor

This proposal for Terminal C focuses on circulating people through nature, truly making the airport sequence an experience.

Nature in the airport is expressed trough the use of various materials and plant life native to the Dominican Republic. At the heart of the airport is a large garden that is nestled within a series of ramps and terraces. The ramps guide you through the airport and weave you through various pockets of nature. Integrated throughout the circulation sequence are areas for pause, whether it’s to stop and relax in a patch of nature, sit on a terrace overlooking the garden, or take a moment to learn about the initiatives set forth by Grupo Puntacana. Integrating these aspects of nature, adventure, and interactive learning into the airport sequence not only transforms the classic idea of travel, but makes it a memorable experience. Through this design, travelers can view the airport as a final vacation destination and be even more exited to come back for their next adventure!

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1st Floor

VICTORIA THOMSON + BRADLEY YOON

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

AXON GATES

BEACH GARDEN

ARRIVAL RAMP

GATES

GREEN GARDEN

GREEN PATH REVEAL

VIP

TERRACE LEVELS MAIN GARDEN GREEN PATH

DOUBLE HEIGHT ENTRANCE

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | TACTFUL TOURISM: VILLA VERDE

In order to combat the negative impacts of tourism, we propose to extend the sustainable Grupo Fundacion initiatives onto our site and within our hotel master plan. The typical tourist experience can be described as more “leisure” tourism. This tourism often includes relaxing on the beach, wildlife excursions, and cultural immersion. Our hotel proposal takes these typical expectations of tourism and explores a new perspective with sustainable practices in mind. This redefines what tourism can ultimately be; both “leisure” and “educational.” This new experience of tourism is called, “Tactful Tourism.”

By prioritizing Fundacion initiatives as our core values when designing the overall site, programs like aquaponics, fish hatcheries, composting, coral reef restorations, and more can be both educational and architectural to the entire hotel experience.

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THOMAS LEE + TIMOTHY ALLEN

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | OLD HOTEL SITE Our master plan works off two main axes. One, coming off of the main entrance that introduces the Foundation within the site and one running parallel to the coast containing the resort. Our core values in this project were sustainability and adaptive re-use. We wanted the foundation to have more of a presence on our site so that tourists can be exposed to the initiatives that they offer. To achieve this we plan to renovate and re-purpose a cluster of buildings right at the main entrance of our site.

Taking this idea of re-purposing further we decided to renovate the existing abandoned bungalows and add additional contemporary bungulows in the northwest portion of our site. We also wanted to keep as much of the existing vegetation as possible to give the tourist a stronger tie to nature and to offer more of a buffer from each neighbor.

We also wanted to cater to the type of tourist that enjoys a sense of community. To achieve this we created more bungalows on the northeast side of the secondary access road. These bungalows will have a different, more modern typology. Also the addition of community and recreation areas in the middle of the site allows for people to get together if they would like. On the axis of the resort we created a hotel near that branches off of the old hotel. The typology of this hotel is such that each room has a view of the ocean and a view of the ecological reserve adjacent to the site.

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CHELSY LUIS + JORGAQ NAKUCI

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | HABITAT PUNTA CANA

Our vision for the experience of this new hotel comprise two distinct regions; beach-front and jungle. Our design is inspired by these two conditions in the site, and acts as an elongated resort that fluctuates in density and form based on these regions.

The beach-front style is porous on the ground floor allows the sand to come right up to the units, while the denser upper floors allow for more rooms with views to the ocean unobstructed.

The Jungle completely loses the sense of the ocean, and due to this we created a second style the units are no longer individual, but are instead townhouse style suites spanning multiple floors. They start on the second floor, leaving the ground floor completely open, and rise above the tree line allowing for every unit to have a view above the jungle and to the ocean.

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TREVOR STEINBERG + LIAM CONNERS

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | LAGO CLARO CHRIS CLOUTIER + AIDAN CARDEN

Four different types of housing clusters provide varied hospitality offerings for different group sizes, tailored to ther location within the masterplan. All of these types utilize passive strategies for cooling the building, thus reducing energy use.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Located west of the Hacienda neighborhood, Lago Claro is a destination surrounded by forest. The neighborhood is meant to foster congregation on a lake front commercial node, while also promoting the sustainable practices employed by the resort and by the Foundation. Lago Claro is designed to fit into its surroundings while impacting the natural beauty as little as possible by repurposing existing clearings, and downing trees only when necessary.

Community gardens reduce the need for imported foods and vegatables, bike paths reduce the need for motor vehicles, and a grey water treatment plant will treat water from the entire resort, as well as sustainably create the lakes that characterize the neighborhood.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

Communal Typology

Radial Typology

Commercial Center

Mixed Use Building 83

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | JUNGLE RETREAT

Hacienda is located in an intermediate space between the forest and coastline. Our proposal explores a relationship between the Dominican Republic’s landscape, architecture, locals, and tourist population to create a tranquil, experiential atmosphere. The goal is to return Hacienda to the landscape by integrating a new development of semi-permanent housing, mixing locals and tourists, into the Dominican Republic’s wild nature in order to create a new emergence of the traditional culture.

Our new master plan sews together three nodes with a path that extends from the beginning to the end of our neighborhood. These nodes strengthen ties with neighbors, tourists, and one’s own sense of place.

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KATHRYN LAUFENBERG + TIMOTHY BRIEN

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | AN ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY

CAMERON GERMOND + DANIEL CUSMANO

A PLACE TO COME TOGETHER

A PLACE TO THRIVE

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

AN ESCAPE TO THE JUNGLE

AN ECOLOGICALLY SENSIBLE DESIGN 87

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | COMMUNAL SPACES BERENITH ORTIZ

The primary aim of this masterplan is to achieve a place for a community where humans and nature can thrive together, where everyone can enjoy natural resources, by protecting and restoring them through the implementation of social and environmental sustainable initiatives. Block structures and building arrangments are all conceived in the service of communal and green spaces.

In the Punta Cana Village II communal spaces enhance social and cultural interaction betwen residents and with nature. These communal spaces will serve as spaces for interaction, as well as education. The Fundacion could use them as areas that can host workshops and informational meetings for residents to learn more about the Foundation programs like recycling, habitat preservation, composting, and more. These spaces may also serve as gathering points for community meetings and activities, setting the stage for new visions and opportunities in the Village.

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Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

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RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | CULTURAL CONNECTION EMILY LUNA + WENDY SMITH In our masterplan for the Puntacana Village, our primary focus is on the public commercial strip along the main road. In the extension of the strip, past the Four Points Hotel, we want to create inviting social spaces that will allow for music, dancing, food, and cultural events to take place. Recreation along the west side of the village has also become a priority as we plan new development of the area. When considering the ecological implications of a development extending from the existing village shopping area to the supermarket and BlueMall, we see that the area is in need of more community garden spaces that could provide fresh produce to a local market. Although the Grupo Puntacana already has a garden system that brings fresh produce to the hotels and resorts, a local market and community garden could allow for connection between neighborhoods, as well as providing fresh foods for community members that may not have access to it currently. To allow for community interactions and outdoor activity within the new development, we want to incorporate shade for outdoor comfort, narrowing and widening paths, small buildings that are no more than two stories, and a clear edge along the existing green setback.

Recreation: Sports, Bowling, Gym

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Commercial: Shopping, Restaurants, Volunteer Center

Relaxation: Salon, Spa, Indoor Seating

Performance: Movie, Theater, Dance

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

MASTERPLAN - COMMERCIAL EXTENSION

CULTURAL, SOCIAL, ECOLOGICAL CONNECTIONS GSEducationalVersion

EXPERIENCE - SECTION

91

RWU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, ART AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

DESIGN | THE CANOPY CONNECTION

TYLER MOOREY + JUSTIN FRIESS

PUNTA CANA VILLAGE

MASTER PLAN N

SCALE: 1 : 3000

1

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

92

2

PUNTA CANA

3

VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT

SITE BOUNDARY

The goal of this project is to create an accessible, interactive community for residents and tourists, while preserving the natural habitat of Punta Cana. These goals are accomplished through the addition of new public venues, an emphasis on improving pedestrian trnasportation, and the creation of a continuous tree canopy through the Puntacana Village.

Tourism and Habitat Regeneration in Punta Cana

ZONING CONDITIONS

TRAFFIC CONDITIONS

PUBLIC CONDITIONS BUS / SHUTTLE STOP

HOTELS / CONDOS

CITY PARK

RIDGWAY HAWK REHABILITATION CENTER

BEE PRESERVATION STRUCTURES

BICYCLES / GOLF CARTS

AUTOMOBILES

VEGETATED MEDIANS

FOUNDATION CENTERS

PUBLIC PARKING ACCESS POINT

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

BUSES / SHUTTLES

PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC

COMMUNTIY GARDEN

RECREATION

CONNECTIONS

93