Baby's and Beyond™ - Volume 7 l Issue 3 - September to November 2020

VOLUME 7

INSIDE: FEATURES | COMPETITIONS | KICKS FOR KIDS | RECIPES

a family lifestyle magazine TM

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

A father’s

Keeping up

influence

with the

Kolisi's Pregnancy in the

time of COVID-19 September - November 2020 R29.90 Incl. VAT 20009

9 772311 546706

SPRING

Infertility:

Don’t wait until it’s too late finance 5tipsEssential for new fathers Atopic eczema: The signs, triggers and treatment How to treat pollen allergies

Growth Growth Growth Journey Journey Journey

TM TM TM

The Growth Journey™ The Growth Journey™ app makes tracking the The Growth Journey™ app makes tracking the height of your child the app makes tracking height of your child height simple of andyour fun.child simple and fun. simple and fun.

It’s more than height.

It’s more than height.

1 It’s more than 1height.

It’s HEALTH. It’s HEALTH. It’s HEALTH.1

Introducing the new smart growth tracking app with a camera functionality

Measure

The built-in automatic height measurement tool makes it easy for you to measure your child simply by taking a picture of them

Children’s growth can be an important indicator of health and wellbeing.1 Growth Journey™ makes tracking the height of your child simple and fun.

If diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency…

Record

The growth book gives you a visual historical record of all measurements made in the app

The Growth Journey™ app has an adherence module where you can create your own treatment journey following your doctor’s prescription, set reminders for when to inject your child, see treatment overviews and much more.

Track

Follow your child’s measurements on a growth chart to monitor their development Reference: 1) Haymond M, et al. Acta Paediatr. 2013;102:787–796. Novo Nordisk (Pty) Ltd, 150 Rivonia Road, 10 Marion Street Office Park, Building C1, Sandton, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa.

Tel: 011 202 0500 Fax: 011 807 7989 www.novonordisk.com

Growth Journey

TM ZA20GH00004

ed's welcome This is a real bumper edition! Despite the challenges we are currently facing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this edition brings you lots of advice and ideas for a sit back and relax reading experience. Since this is our Spring edition, we have also decided to do some spring cleaning on our look to enhance your reading experience.

Since lockdown began there has been a lot of uncertainty in the publishing industry. However, the situation at BABY’S AND BEYOND™ eventually turned out so much better than expected!

We have jumped from a normal 96-pager to a massive 128-pager to bring our readers more useful content and activities to enjoy this Spring.

We must thank our wonderful contributors and advertisers who have made this possible and we hope to bring you fresh content, products, and much more fun things to do going forward. So, please keep reading and give us feedback on what you would like to see in BABY’S AND BEYOND™. We would love to hear from you. You can share your reading experience or ideas by sending an email to info@babysandbeyond.co.za.

We are also planning on extending our retail distribution for better access for our readers. However, you are also more than welcome to subscribe, and we will send the magazine to your post box or directly to your front door. Go to page 120 for more information on how to subscribe.

Enjoy our Spring edition and look forward to our Summer edition which you can expect during the first week of December.

Once again, thanks to our advertisers for their wonderful support during these unprecedented times.

Lots of love from all of us at BABY’S AND BEYOND™.

Elroy 2

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

You’re in Safe Hands.

Keep your loved ones close and germs far, far away. Safeguard your family with our extensive range of hand soaps, disinfectants and hand sanitisers that kill up to 99,9%* of bacteria, fungi & viruses.1 Trust your family’s health to the company that’s been trusted for over a hundred years. Available at all leading pharmacies and online retailers.

#insafehands *Under test conditions. References: 1. Adcock Ingram Critical Care Data on File.

Reg. no. 2000/004208/07. 1 Sabax Road, Aeroton, Johannesburg, 2013. Tel. +27 11 4948000.

Please read the complete Directions for Use on the product label before use. 202008141051652

a family lifestyle magazine TM

Contents Features

Infertility: Don’t wait until it’s too late Magnesium for healthy bones Pregnancy in the time of COVID-19 26 Good hand hygiene Are your child’s vaccinations up to date?

30 Anaphylaxis and how to treat it Coping with back to school blues or The air you breathe is essential homeschooling stress 34 Atopic eczema: The signs, triggers and treatment Road accident claims for minors: What you need to know 37 Pregnancy Simple low-cost innovation in the treatment Anaemia in pregnancy of asthma set to save lives 40

Child Development

Emotional intelligence and why it matters

Dental Health

Dental care during pregnancy

42 48

Education

Help! My child is battling to adjust to the new normal at school

52

Financial Planning

5 Essential finance tips for new fathers 54 Ten tips for taking financial care of an elderly parent 56

Health

My, What-red eyes you have!

How to treat pollen allergies Keeping children safe from burns Acid Reflux-why is this uncomfortable condition on the increase Help stop the spread of COVID-19

60 64 66 70 72

78

74 78 82 84 88 91 96

Nutrition

3 Reasons why oats should be your superfood of choice

Regulars

Snippets Sticky Notes Dad's diary Recipes Home Remedies DIY Arts & Crafts Kicks for Kids Crossword Competitions Subscription Book Review

Editor’s Choice Baby Beauty Health

112

54

22

104 8-12 14 22 99,100,102 108 112 116 119 123 124 126 24 46 94

88

HELP RESTORE

MALE FERTILITY 1,2

1 out of 6 couples are affected5

40 %

due to male infertility6

30-80 % infertile men due to oxidative stress2

INFERTILITY

affects both male and female partners equally7

OX I ST D R

BRING BACK BALANCE

S QU P A

M ER LITY

E IV AT S S E

SU IN IS S RE

TA L I N NC E

TE NCE RO N

E

SUPPORT FERTILITY1-4 LA BA OS T TES

Helps to correct imbalances associated with POOR SPERM QUALITY AND MALE INFERTILITY1,2

References: 1. Sinopol® him approved package insert, October 2019. 2. Canepa P, Dal Lago A, De Leo C, et al. Combined treatment with myo-inositol, alpha-lipoic acid, folic acid and vitamins significantly improves sperm parameters of sub-fertile men: a multi-centric study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018;22:7078-7085. 3. Konrad D, Somwar R, Sweeney G, et al. The Antihyperglycemic Drug a-Lipoic Acid Stimulates Glucose Uptake via Both GLUT4 Translocation and GLUT4 Activation. Potential Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in GLUT4 Activation. Diabetes 2001;50:1464–1471.

4. Carbonelli MG, Di Renzo L, Bigioni M, et al. Alpha-lipoic Acid Supplementation: A Tool for Obesity Therapy? Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16(7):840-6. 5. Agarwal A, Virk G, Ong C, et al. Effect of Oxidative Stress on Male Reproduction. World J Mens Health 2014;32(1):1-17. 6. Infertility Awareness Association of South Africa (IFAASA). Overview. Facts and Statistics [online] October 2013 [cited 6 April 2020]; Available from URL: https://ifaasa.co.za/infertility-overview/infertility-facts-statistics/. 7. Condorelli RA, La Vignera S, Mongioì LM, et al. Myo-inositol as a male fertility molecule: speed them up! Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017;21(suppl 2):30-35.

Proprietary name (and dosage form): SINOPOL® him Granules. Composition: Each sachet contains: Myo-inositol 500 mg, Alpha Lipoic Acid 400 mg, Coenzyme Q1O 100 mg, Zinc 7,5 mg, Vitamin B2 1,4 mg, Vitamin B6 1,4 mg, Selenium 41,5 µg and Vitamin B12 2,5 µg. Complementary Medicine: Health Supplement. D34.12 Multiple Substance formulation. This unregistered medicine has not been evaluated by SAHPRA for its quality, safety or intended use. Studies as part of the references were not conducted on Sinopol® him sachets; efficacy is proven on active ingredients. Name and business address of applicant: iNova Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Limited. Co. Reg. No. 1952/001640/07, 15e Riley Road, Bedfordview. Tel. No. 011 087 0000. www.inovapharma.co.za. For full prescribing information, refer to the package insert. Further information is available on request from iNova Pharmaceuticals. IN3868/20

Baby’s and BeyondTM Volume 7

VOLUME 7

INSIDE: FEATURES | COMPETITIONS | KICKS FOR KIDS | RECIPES

a family lifestyle magazine

a family lifestyle magazine

TM TM

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

A father’s

Keeping up

influence

with the

Kolisi's

Infertility:

finance 5tipsEssential for new fathers

time of COVID-19 www.babysandbeyond.co.za

20009

9 772311 546706

@BabysandBeyond babysandbeyond

Don’t wait until it’s too late

Pregnancy in the September - November 2020 R29.90 Incl. VAT

@babysandbeyond.co.za

SPRING

Atopic eczema: The signs, triggers and treatment How to treat pollen allergies

Cover and feature story credit: Black Bean Productions, Gary Van Wyk Pictures: 123f.com | pixabay.com | pexels.com

Distribution: ON THE DOT

Editor: Elroy van Heerden editor@babysandbeyond.co.za Sub-Editor: Al Gyer al@mediaxpose.co.za Ad traffic Controller: Wadoeda Adams artwork@mediaxpose.co.za Editorial Contributors: Rachel Kolisi Don Dinnematin Tony Singleton Ilse de Beer Kirstie Haslam Lynn Kämpf Reabetsoe Buys Dr Craig Peck

Prof Nadia Mohamed Cindy Glass Dr Rob Daniel Byron – Mahieu van der Linde Dr Sulaiman Heylen Dr Kim Sonntag Kershnee Kallee

Design & Layout: Anja Bramley artwork1@mediaxpose.co.za Published by:

Advertising Sales: Allison Davids allison@babysandbeyond.co.za Lorraine Beneke lorraine@babysandbeyond.co.za Jo Ryklief jo@babysandbeyond.co.za Social Media: Kyla van Heerden social@mediapxose.co.za

6 Carlton Crescent, Parklands, 7441 Tel: 021 424 3625 Fax: 086 544 5217 E-mail: info@babysandbeyond.co.za Website: www.mediaxpose.co.za Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the publisher or its agents. While every eff ort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information published, the publisher does not accept responsibility for any error or omission contained herein. Consequently, no person connected with the publication of this journal will be liable for any loss or damage sustained by any reader as a result of action following statements or opinions expressed herein. The publisher will give consideration to all material submitted, but does not take responsibility for damage or its safe return.

6

Distribution & Subscriptions: Shihaam Gyer distribution@mediaxpose.co.za Retail Distribution: On The Dot Chief Financial Officer: Shaun Mays accounts@mediaxpose.co.za Receptionist: Daniëla Daniels receptionist@mediaxpose.co.za www.babysandbeyond.co.za

snippets - editor's choice NUXE BIO ORGANIC skincare products are formulated in France and certified organic by ECOCERT based on an ultra-stringent charter (Cosmebio specifications or Cosmos reference).

T

hey contain on average 99% natural-origin ingredients and over 52% organic ingredients. We use 100% botanical oils and 100% natural-origin scents. We select active ingredients with genetic traceability tested by DNA analysis. We give priority to local production and sustainable supply networks, together with extracts obtained using green technologies. These processes do not involve the use of chemical solvents and limit pollutant waste. Each active ingredient goes through a stringent selection process taking into account its geographic origin, together with its harvesting and production conditions. We carefully select our suppliers, paying particular attention to their commitment to environmental protection.

All NUXE BIO ORGANIC products are suitable for vegans. The formulas do not contain ingredients or derivatives of animal origin and, in keeping with European regulations, no products or ingredients are tested on animals.

They have been approved and registered by The Vegan society. a family lifestyle magazine TM

Want your products featured here?

NUXE BIO ORGANIC rinse-off products are easily biodegradable.

NUXE BIO ORGANIC product packaging is mostly recyclable. Glass packaging is selected where possible: it has the advantage of being 100% infinitely recyclable, without any loss of quality. The plastic bottles (PET and PP) and cartons are also recyclable. â–

Contact 021 - 424 3625 Or email the editor editor@babysandbeyond.co.za 8

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

snippets - editor's choice Purify the air you breathe

D

id you know that indoor air can be up to 100 times more polluted than outdoor air? Or that the flu virus can survive on surfaces for 24 to 48 hours? Or that 70-80% of asthma cases are worsened due to dust mites? Worry no more. A purifying air spray, made from 41 essential oils, combats airborne pollutants and allergens like viruses, bacteria, mould, bad odours, dust mites and bed bugs.

Benefits Puressentiel Purifying Air Spray, made in France, is effective against many viruses. Its capacity to kill viruses has been tested in particular on the flu virus (H1N1), adenovirus and poliovirus, with efficacy proven after only 1 to 5 minutes of contact time. No efficacy study has been carried out yet on the coronavirus (COVID-19). However, this spray can only boost the purification of ambient air in your house during this coronavirus pandemic.

The spray: • eliminates 99.86% of bacteria and viruses with immediate efficacy; • has proven efficacy against viruses, bacteria, mould, bad odours, dust mites and bed bugs; • removes unpleasant odours; and • leaves a natural and fragrant atmosphere.

Where can you use it?

In the: • bathroom; • bedroom; • car; • carpets; • clothes; • furniture; and • office.

How do you use it?

Daily use: • 2 sprays per day, in 1 or 2 applications.

Targeted use: • Spray 6 to 8 times (3 to 5 ml).

Leave to act for at least 30 minutes.

Natural and safe It is 100% organic, meaning it’s solely derived from plant-based formulas, natural active ingredients and pure essential oils.

The spray is safe for the whole family, including small children and pets. 15 studies have proven its safety and efficacy. It doesn’t contain parabens, phenoxyethanol, polyethylene glycols (PEGs), colouring, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), raw material derived from animal sources, petrochemicals, synthetic fragrance or propellant gas. In France, the spray is prescribed or recommended by 1 in 5 doctors. ■

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

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snippets - editor's choice Tangle Teezer: Interview with a trichologist

A

Why is your hair thinning? Could it be your hairbrush?

An interview with Iain Sallis, a leading Trichologist.

ny kind of hair loss can be scary, but if there’s one expert that understands the horror, it’s Iain Sallis, Tangle Teezer’s go-to Trichologist.

One of the leading Trichologists in the UK, Iain is the director of the Hairmedic Trichologly clinics and co-founder of the International Trichology Congress.

We pick his brain on hair, hype, health and the right hairbrush!

What’s the job description of a Trichologist?

The definition of Trichology is the study of diseases and disorders of the hair and scalp. A Trichologist could be anyone from a hairdresser who takes an interest in the science and problems of hair to the hair biologists who are at the very cutting edge of hair science – it all comes under the umbrella of trichology.

Personally, I am an investigator and problem-solver. People come to my clinic with particular hair problems which cannot be corrected through orthodox channels – your GP for instance. I’m a specialist, so I can spot subtle differences which may be missed by a GP or dermatologist.

What are the most common hair complaints in your clinics?

General hair thinning in females. This could be due to nutrition, hormones, mechanical trauma, genetics, medication, long term illnesses or any one of these exacerbating another.

All of the above can cause the hair to become finer, thinner and less voluminous than it once was. Approximately 1 in 3 women will suffer from hair thinning at some point in their life, so it is a very common issue which has no set answer.

10

What’s your first piece of advice with women suffering from hair loss?

Get a diagnosis!

Hair loss multi-faceted and unique to each person, so if you are suffering from a low iron level, the shampoo you are using isn’t going to correct the problem.

is

The hair supplements people take are a varied approach, hoping that the stuff in them is the thing they are low in and will so eventually help. On rare occasions this may be the case, but it is unlikely anyone in the West is suffering from biotin or selenium deficiency. Iron and protein are the two main supplements you should look at using and this is because the modern diet doesn’t have enough of these in them.

What’s the biggest hair myth?

There are literally hundreds of myths which surround hair, ranging from the sublime to the ridiculous. Some have a grain of truth. Hair turning white overnight, for example. This comes from people who have suffered such a severe shock that it induces a form of diffuse alopecia, causing all the pigmented (coloured hair) to fall out from the scalp over a period of days.

For reasons we don’t quite know of, non-pigmented hairs (white/grey hairs)

can be immune to this response, so these are left. The coloured hairs fall out and the white hairs are left – and as if by magic a person’s hair turns white overnight!

And some myths are harmful – such as “this shampoo will help with your hair loss”. These are the ones I really don’t like.

How important is diet in maintaining good health? Is there any wonder ingredient for hair?

Hair and health are inextricably linked. The best way to maintain hair as you get older is to ensure you are healthy and don’t rely on long term medications. www.babysandbeyond.co.za

snippets - editor's choice There is no “superfood” for hair, but iron and protein are the main ingredients that are usually missing in a person’s diet when it comes to dietary hair loss.

Sulphur-rich amino acids found in red meat, eggs and oily fish are great for hair. If this type of diet is unattainable (vegetarians, busy lifestyle), this is where a good supplement will come in handy.

What’s the number one thing you can do for better hair (internally and externally)?

Internally, make sure you are as healthy as possible. It is boring, but it is so true.

Smoking, obesity, malnutrition and long-term medication will all impact on hair growth to an extent. Externally, treat your hair like a piece of clothing.

Make sure you do not over-bleach it and make sure you have a decent brush if your hair is fine or fragile.

How important is the right hairbrush for your hair type?

Immensely! There is no point to putting a massive amount of effort into diagnosis and treatment of the hair if all you’re going to do is use a 20-year-old radial brush that rips out 10-20 hairs every time you use it. Those 10-20 hairs soon build up!

Using a brush specifically designed to limit hair breakage from the natural traction imparted upon your hair, such as the Tangle Teezer’s Fine and Fragile Hairbrush (R255.00), will only help your hair in the long run. Less traction, less friction, and better quality hair. And it is something a person can easily use daily to help themselves.

hairbrush (R255.00) is designed for colour-treated, fine or fragile hair.

Detangling wet or dry hair with its two-tiered soft-flex teeth (they're 30% softer than the Original) helps you glide from root to tip with no pulling and less breakage for tangle-free hair.

Our patented two-tiered soft-flex teeth have been adapted for fine and fragile hair. The long, soft teeth detangle hair, removing knots and reducing breakage, while the short teeth help to smooth hair for glossy, frizz-free hair. ■ Follow us on Instagram at @ tangleteezersouthafrica

Tangle Teezer Original Fine and Fragile Pink Take the fear out of brushing your fine hair. Our Fine and Fragile detangling

Download the Complete Pet app now!

T

he emotional connection between humans and their pets is not new, but the recent migration away from the term “pet owner” is. The meteoric rise of the “pet parent” is linked to a widespread economic commitment to household pets that didn’t exist in past decades.

There are a number of key factors playing a part, including a lot more education around pet care, more products, stores, websites and magazines aimed at dog and cat owners. People are also living longer and in increasingly less-traditional family units and lifestyles.

The world has become more accessible, meaning that young people emigrate and leave families behind. Some young couples have made the decision not to have children and to focus on careers.

In these households, pets have become a much-loved part of the family – “fur children”. www.babysandbeyond.co.za

Complete Pet saw a gap in the market for a loyalty program that would help dog and cat owners to not only save money, but also to receive rewards when they download and register on the Complete Pet app.

To start with, members receive moneyback vouchers and their 12th bag of food absolutely free. Members also receive a monthly newsletter and a handy store locator. Each month, more rewards will be announced for the benefit of pet parents and their dogs and cats. It's easy to download the Complete Pet app from either the Google Play store or the iStore

and then to simply register as a member and start receiving rewards.

The Complete Pet range is scientifically formulated to provide your dog or cat with tasty and quality food that contains all the essential vitamins and minerals to ensure the optimal health. Complete Pet is locally manufactured. And they have one of the most well-known nutritionists in South Africa on hand to ensure that the most balanced formula possible is used in Completes’ range of products. Their products also come at an affordable price. ■ For more information follow Complete Pet on Facebook and Instagram or visit their website on www. completepetfood.co.za

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snippets - editor's choice A new in vitro study shows the ability of ColdGuard™ to deactivate SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic

A

BEX Pharmaceutica has announced that preliminary results of an in vitro study on ColdGuard™ demonstrates that it deactivates SARS-CoV-2 by 98,3% in just 20 minutes, and can offer a protective barrier against the virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic.

The preliminary results of the in vitro study conducted by an independent laboratory in the USA were announced on Monday 20 July 2020 by Enzymatica AB, the Swedish manufacturer of ColdZyme®, which is distributed and marketed in South Africa as ColdGuard™ under an exclusive license arrangement with ABEX Pharmaceutica (Pty) Ltd. ColdGuard™ is a patent protected oral spray formulated from glycerol and the marine enzyme, cod trypsin. The spray forms a protective barrier on the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat, and has been shown in previous studies to deactivate the majority of viruses that cause the common cold.

SARS-CoV-2, ColdGuard™ deactivated the virus by 98,3% (1.76 log10) in 20 minutes. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity was detected for ColdGuard™ at any dilution tested.

The results indicate that ColdGuard™ can offer a protective barrier against harmful viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 by local virus deactivation in the oral cavity. SARS-CoV-2 actively replicates in the throat and also shows high viral shedding at a time of mild symptoms.

Therefore, ColdGuard™ sprayed onto the mouth and throat could lower the risk of infection and decrease the viral load locally. Lowered viral load may decrease viral shedding and thus minimise the spread of COVID-19.

Chief Operating Officer of Enzymatica AB, Claus Egstrand, said: “Even if the current in vitro results cannot be directly translated into clinical efficacy, it is very interesting that ColdZyme® is able to effectively deactivate SARS-CoV-2 in vitro conditions, since it constitutes a

proof-of-principle that can be taken further into clinical studies. Thus, the results indicate that ColdZyme® can offer a protective barrier against SARSCoV-2.”

The study was conducted by the US company Microbac Laboratories Inc – an independent, accredited and certified laboratory.

The in vitro study was based on a standardised and validated methodology, the ASTM International test method designated E1052 “Standard test method to assess the activity of microbicides against viruses in suspension”.

Previous in vitro results with the same method showed that ColdGuard™ is effective against another coronavirus, HCoV-229E, one of the causes of the common cold. This virus belongs to a different subgroup of the corona family from SARS-CoV-2, and the aggregated results indicate that ColdGuard™ can be effective against a variety of coronaviruses. ■

ColdGuard™ is a medical device that protects against the common cold. It is used to reduce the probability of catching a common cold, help shorten the duration of a common cold, alleviate cold symptoms and soothe a sore throat.

As yet there is no known cure or effective preventive therapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the cause of COVID-19. Director of ABEX Pharmaceutica, Ed Hallam, confirmed that the goal of this latest study was to determine the ability of ColdGuard™ to deactivate specifically the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.

In a virucidal efficacy suspension test conducted using ColdGuard™ against

12

ColdGuard™ is suitable for use by adults and children from the age of 4 years. It is available at leading pharmacies and retailers with a recommended retail price of under R200 (20 ml) and R100 (7 ml), as well as online at www.abexpharm.com/shop/

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

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sticky notes

The role of

dad-to-be

Did you know?

Babies can hear during the second trimester of pregnancy, and recognise voices in the third trimester – including yours!

30

The role of a dad-to-be during pregnancy is to be present, supportive, understanding, patient, and to have sympathy for the woman carrying his child.

Provide emotional, physical and financial support.

Fertility Women are most fertile before the age of 30. After 30 fertility starts to decrease. After 35 fertility declines more significantly.

By 40, fertility is about half the level it was at age 30.

40

Is sex OK during pregnancy?

8

natural ways to get rid of nausea Take slow, deep breaths Stay upright after you eat Use progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) Acupuncture or acupressure Eat ginger Peppermint aromatherapy Smell a slice of lemon Take a vitamin B6 supplement

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Your developing baby is protected by the amniotic fluid in your uterus, as well as by the strong muscles of the uterus itself.

Sexual activity won't affect your baby, as long as you don't have complications such as preterm labour or placenta problems.

Things soon-to-be-dads should know about pregnant women Cravings: Pregnant women tend to get cravings for different types of food and snacks – be supportive and serve your women well. Remember that you are also feeding your baby at the same time.

Weight gain: It is normal to pick up weight during pregnancy – don’t lose hope.

Pillow time: It is normal for pregnant women to sleep more often than usual, so don’t disturb them.

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

Sleep:

First trimester

sticky notes A pregnant woman may sleep more than usual during the first trimester of her pregnancy. It's normal to feel tired as her body works to protect and nurture the developing baby. The placenta (the organ that nourishes the fetus until birth) is just forming, so her body is making more blood, and her heart is pumping faster.

What can I do to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), also known as “cot death”?

Do’s: • Always place your baby on their back to sleep.

• Place your baby in the "feet to foot" position. This means their feet are at the end of the cot.

• Keep your baby's head uncovered – their blanket should be tucked in no higher than their shoulders.

• Let your baby sleep in a cot in the same room as you for the first 6 months.

• Use a mattress that's firm, flat, waterproof and in good condition.

• Breastfeed your baby, if you can.

Don'ts: • Smoke during pregnancy or let anyone smoke in the same room as your baby – both before and after birth.

• Sleep on a bed, sofa or armchair with your baby.

• Share a bed with your baby if you or your partner smoke or take drugs, or if you've been drinking alcohol.

• Let your baby get too hot or too cold. A room temperature of 16°C to 20°C with light bedding or a lightweight baby sleeping bag will provide a comfortable sleeping environment for your baby.

Family time

Spending family time together ensures that a deep, strong, family bond develops. If that family bond is missing, kids may decide to join gangs or groups to recreate that family connection.

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

6foods and

beverages to avoid during pregnancy

• High-mercury fish. However, not all fish are high in mercury. Fatty fish is high in omega-3 fatty acids, which are important for your baby.

• Raw or undercooked fish. Shellfish especially can cause infections.

• Undercooked or raw meat increases your risk of infection from bacteria or parasites.

• Raw eggs can be contaminated with salmonella.

• High caffeine intake during pregnancy has been shown to restrict fetal growth and increase the risk of low birth weight at delivery.

• Raw milk and unpasteurised cheese and juice can contain an array of harmful bacteria, including listeria, salmonella, E. coli and campylobacter.

Is nausea a sign of a healthy pregnancy?

Nausea during pregnancy, also known as morning sickness, might be a good sign. Studies have shown that women with nausea and vomiting during the first trimester have a lower risk of miscarriage than women without these symptoms.

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Keeping up with

the Kolisi's 18

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

Photo credit: Black Bean Productions, Gary Van Wyk

cover story

cover story In 2018, Siya Kolisi became the first black captain of the Springboks. A year later he led South Africa to World Cup glory. The adage – behind every strong man is a strong woman – is a fitting metaphor. Rachel Kolisi, Siya’s wife of four years, is his ever-present rock. Baby’s and BeyondTM caught up with Rachel to learn more about her and her beautiful, inspiring family.

How they met

Rachel and Siya met in 2012 at a dinner with mutual friends in Stellenbosch. Her first impression of him wasn’t flattering.

She remembers him being rude, as he didn’t greet her or her friends when he arrived. However, they soon became good friends. It was during this time she realised she needed him in her life, whether as a friend or partner. Their relationship blossomed and they got married in a stunning ceremony in Stellenbosch in 2016.

Blended family

The power couple are the proud parents of four children: Liyema (18), Liphelo (12), Nicholas (5) and Keziah (2). Liyema and Liphelo are Siya’s half-siblings and spent five years in foster care after their mother died in 2009. In 2014, Rachel and Siya officially adopted them.

have never spent this much time together ever. There have been challenges like home schooling while trying to work and navigating the house work. But all in all grateful for the time [together].”

Rise

Rachel had gained some weight after her second pregnancy and struggled to start exercising again. She began working out with Tammy Rawstron, who helped her to get back in shape. Rise, a communitybased transformation guide for women, was born out of their relationship. Rise was inspired by the “comparison epidemic amongst women, the way women allow Instagram to leave them feeling inferior and the way insecurities cause women to break each other down to feel better

Rachel’s philosophy on raising children is to show up for them, whether it’s for school sports days, prize-givings or parent teacher meetings – make their events a priority. She advises new moms to go with the flow and that it’s okay to wing it sometimes. “Honestly, there's no perfect way to raise a child. You can read millions of books and articles but every… child [is] different.”

She said they were doing well when we asked how they were coping during the COVID-19 pandemic. “As a family we've been good, really enjoying the time altogether. Siya and I www.babysandbeyond.co.za

about themselves. The struggle women face to maintain a health regime and the knowledge that holistic wellness can transform lives in a radical way. Rise… includes 8 workouts which can be done anywhere with minimal equipment, but the heart of Rise is about equipping women to strive to find their best self and encouraging them to lift each other up in love and celebrate seeing others thrive.

Rise was created with women from all walks of life in mind, to help encourage and motivate them.”

Rachel and Tammy are unsure of their long-term goals for Rise, as it grew much faster than they imagined. But she admits there is a lot more in the pipeline. Their main goal for Rise remains unchanged – to “gather women in a common cause and help them live more purposedriven lives through health and fitness”. The most rewarding moments with Rise are “when women have breakthroughs, either emotionally or physically – when you see a flame has been ignited in them again.” She says that learning to pivot during COVID-19 has been their greatest challenge. All of their events have gone online and they miss their gatherings and events a great deal.

The Kolisi Foundation

Photo credit: Black Bean Productions, Gary Van Wyk

In light of COVID-19, they brought forward the launch of their charity – The Kolisi Foundation – to March 2020.

Besides supplying personal protective equipment (PPE) to healthcare workers and hand sanitiser to areas with limited access to running water, they also

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cover story deliver food parcels, with a special focus on Siya’s hometown, the Zwide township.

More than 100 000 people have been fed through the foundation.

The food packages are accompanied by messages in Xhosa, as Zwide and the surrounding areas are home to mostly Xhosa speakers. Instructions on wearing masks are also included. He notes, however, that it’s important to tell people why they have to stay home. As a child, he would sometimes live in a house with 10 or 15 people in one room. That would make it very hard to maintain social distancing.

Through their partnerships, R100 can feed one person for a month. This forms part of the #Each1Feed1 movement. For Siya, it’s personal. "There's nothing worse than hunger. There's nothing worse than listening to your stomach before you go to bed and you just hear grumbling. If I went a couple of days without eating I would go to my neighbour and go ask for something.”

Photo credit: Black Bean Productions, Gary Van Wyk

The Kolisi Foundation “encompasses Rachel and Siya’s hearts in one project.”

They have a “vision to change the narrative of inequality for people in vulnerable and disadvantaged communities in South Africa by providing assistance and opportunities through partnerships. Neither philanthropist was born with a silver spoon in their mouth, but with hearts of gold and a powerful vision to impact the lives of others. By remembering the one, ‘One by One’ they will impact the nation.” 

Rachel’s favourites Movie: The Blind Side Music: Worship music Food: Sushi Hobbies: Reading and hiking Holiday destination: Anywhere kid-friendly

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www.babysandbeyond.co.za

dad's diary

A father’s influence

By Don Dinnematin, The Don Father

In that moment – when that little life first comes into the world – you can’t help but become emotional. I cried big tears. I was overwhelmed with love and pride. The kind of pride that only jumps into your body the second your child is born. It’s this newfound pride that stays with you from then onwards.

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www.babysandbeyond.co.za

dad's diary

I

never knew this feeling existed and I never knew how beautiful it would feel to have thisx constant feeling of pride. It’s empowering, and it’s probably one of the best feelings any parent can have.

My wife and I had always known we wanted to be parents, but when we fell pregnant, I often battled with the thought of how I was going to be a good dad. Growing up, my dad was hardly around, and when he was, he wasn’t actively present in our lives. I never witnessed what it was like to have a completely dedicated “father” figure around, so I had a lot of questions and doubt. How was I going to become someone, when I didn’t understand where to start? It was a tough pill for me to swallow. I often lay awake in bed trying to figure this whole thing out.

The effect you have starts as early as birth. A review of studies by the Father Involvement Research Alliance (FIRA) shows that babies with more involved fathers are more likely to be emotionally secure, confident in new situations, and eager to explore their surroundings. As they grow, they are more sociable. Toddlers with involved fathers are better problem-solvers and have higher IQs by age 3. They are more ready to start school and can deal with the stress of being away from home all day better than children with less involved fathers.

Dads, you are hugely influential in the eyes of your children.

Don’t be content with the fact that you’re simply a dad. Instead, challenge yourself to become a dad who is a force in the lives of your wife and children.

My wife helped a great deal with this. She instilled direction, and inspiration into my heart and soul. She helped me realise that I didn’t need a male role model to look up to or to learn from. All I needed was to believe in myself and know that we are not always handicapped by our past. I realised that what I went through as a child with my father was a lesson; it taught me how I did not want to father my children. My wife gave me hope and excitement because for the first time I knew exactly how I was going to tackle this role. I became centered into a space that gave me peace with my past and pure joy at what the future held. She believed in www.babysandbeyond.co.za

me and gave me the same confidence to believe in myself.

Dads, you are hugely influential in the eyes of your children. Don’t be content with the fact that you’re simply a dad. Instead, challenge yourself to become a dad who is a force in the lives of your wife and children. You might think that you have a complete lack of influence in your personal or professional life, but the day you become a father, all of that changes.

As far as they are concerned, you are the most influential man in the world. Your role as a father has a huge impact on their entire life. They look up to you and want to make you proud. Make them proud by being 100% present.

But how does a father’s influence differ from a mother’s? Isn’t one good parent enough?

Fathers encourage competition, independence and achievement.

And mothers encourage equity, security and collaboration, according to Brett Copeland, a clinical psychologist in Tacoma, Washington.

I also respect that certain situations may limit you in terms of how active of a dad you can be, but you don’t need to live in the same house to be influential. Also, remember that grandfathers and uncles can also have a significant impact in the lives of your children.

Never forget that it is not only your children who need you, your wife also needs you – more than you realise.

Parenting is a partnership, a collaboration that when combined, yields beautiful, lifechanging results. Be actively involved with your family. They need you! 

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editor's choice baby BioBaby Teething Gel – R110.00 | Available from selected salons, spas, aesthetic practitioners, paediatricians and gynaecologists nationwide and online at www.biomedicalemporium.com

BioBaby Body Lotion – R325.00 | Available from selected salons, spas, aesthetic practitioners, paediatricians and gynaecologists nationwide and online at www.biomedicalemporium.com

Iwori Rooibos 24hr All Purpose Baby Cream - R69.99 | Available at Clicks nationwide

BioBaby Top-to-Toe Wash – R322.00 | Available from selected salons, spas, aesthetic practitioners, paediatricians and gynaecologists nationwide and online at www.biomedicalemporium.com BioBaby Nappy Cream 150ml – R348.00 | Available from selected salons, spas, aesthetic practitioners, paediatricians and gynaecologists nationwide and online at www.biomedicalemporium.com Mum & Cherub – Farm Fresh Splash of Fun Mild & Gentle Skin Freshener - R22.99 | Available at Clicks nationwide Tots & Toddlers – Forest Fun 3-in-1 Bath Wash, Shampoo & Conditioner - R52.99 | Available at Clicks nationwide

Iwori Marula Gentle & Mild Baby Bum Cream - R69.99 | Available at Clicks nationwide

Philips Avent microwave steam steriliser – R738.74 | Available at Baby City, Toys R Us, Baby Boom, Dis-Chem, Clicks as well as online at www.takealot. com, www.babiesrus.co.za, www.loot.co.za, and www.babiesafrica.com

Baby 24

Baby

Childs Farm Baby Moisturiser - R88.42 | available at Baby City stores nationwide, selected Clicks, Pick ‘n Pay and Babies R Us stores, selected Checkers stores in Gauteng as well as www.takealot.com, www.loot.co.za and www.babiesafrica.com www.babysandbeyond.co.za

editor's choice baby

Childs Farm Grapefruit & Tea Tree Moisturiser R88.42 | available at Baby City stores nationwide, selected Clicks, Pick ‘n Pay and Babies R Us stores, selected Checkers stores in Gauteng as well as www.takealot.com, www.loot.co.za and www.babiesafrica.com

Chicco Chairy – Bunny Grey – R1 199 | Available at Takealot.com, loot.co.za, thekidzone.co.za, Baby Boom, www.babanino.com & Baby Club by Clicks

Earthsap Foam Bath range – Price R69.00 (500ml) | Available at Wellness Warehouse, health shops nationwide, www.faithful-to-nature.co.za selected Spars and Pick N Pays

Vital Baby Nurture Flexcone Electric Breast Pump - R2257.00 | Available at Clicks, Babies R Us, Loot, Baby City, Takealot and at www.babiesafrica.com

Philips AVENT’s washable Breast Pads - R298.59 | Available at Baby City, Toys R Us, Baby Boom, Dis-Chem, Clicks as well as online at www.takelot.com, www.babiesrus.co.za, www.babiesafrica.com and www.loot.co.za

Organics Happy Family Love My Veggies Pouches packed with highly nutritious veggies and fruit -R37.10 | Available at all Baby City stores, Babies R Us, Wellness Warehouse, Selected Clicks, Selected Spars, Selected Pick N Pay stores, Selected Baby Boom, selected Dis-Chem and selected Medicare pharmacies, and online from Takealot.com, Babiesafrica.com and Faithful to Nature

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

Vital Baby Breast Milk Storage Bags - R180.00 | Available at Clicks, Babys R Us, Loot, Baby City, Takealot and at www.babiesafrica.com

Vital baby® NURTURE™ breast like feeding bottle - R206.00 for a 2-pack 240ml bottles | Available at Clicks

Childs Farm Strawberry & Organic Mint shampoo RRP is at the sole discretion of the retailer | Available at Baby City stores nationwide, selected Clicks, Dis- Chem, Pick ‘n Pay, selected Checkers stores as well as takealot.com, loot.co.za and www.babiesafrica.com

Childs Farm Organic Sweet Orange Hair & Body Wash - - RRP is at the sole discretion of the retailer | Available at Baby City stores nationwide, selected Clicks, Dis- Chem, Pick ‘n Pay, selected Checkers stores as well as takealot.com, loot.co.za and www.babiesafrica.com

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feature

Pregnancy in the time of COVID-19

By Tony Singleton

Gap cover eases some stress as pregnant women remain anxious during the COVID-19 pandemic

W

hile experts seem to agree that pregnancy does not put women at greater risk of severe illness during this time, there are still many unknowns about the impact of the virus on unborn babies and pregnant women. If women test positive for the virus before giving birth, they are placed in isolation wards and are not permitted to have anyone besides medical personnel present at the birth. There is also the concern that being infected means women could pass the virus onto their new born baby, putting them at risk.

Sadly, South Africa has already seen one neonatal death as a result of the virus.

Tony Singleton, CEO at Turnberry Management Risk Solutions says uncertainty is the “biggest cause of anxiety for many, added to financial and physical stress. Any complications could add further medical expense shortfalls to an already costly time, with longterm implications.”

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Given the financial strain many people are facing due to pay cuts or even a complete lack of income, it may be tempting to cancel medical aid memberships. However, this could result in long-term financial difficulties.

“I understand that not everyone is able to afford medical aid, as it is expensive.

However, if you can, I would strongly recommend taking at least a hospital plan. Pregnancy can be very stressful and having medical aid relieves a lot of that stress. For example, I knew that my labour would be covered with my first pregnancy (even if I had a C-section). In fact, the majority of our hospital costs were covered,” says Claries Roelofsz, who is currently 20 weeks pregnant with her second child.

Aside from expenses directly related to pregnancy or even COVID-19, accidents also happen, which can lead to financial distress due to lack of cover from medical schemes.

“I dislocated my shoulder in 2017 and needed to go to the emergency room. www.babysandbeyond.co.za

feature We are living in an extremely stressful time, with uncertainty around COVID-19 causing many people a lot of anxiety. Pregnancy is a time already often fraught with concern, especially around medical expenses and medical expense shortfalls from medical aid, as these are often significant. The current climate is only making matters worse. Gap cover can help to ease some of the financial stress whilst dealing with a pandemic.

I was not admitted overnight, and the medical aid therefore did not cover the hospital costs. This was under the ‘fine print’ and I was not aware that I needed to be admitted overnight in order for them to cover the costs. If this happened during the lockdown as a result of medical requirements for my pregnancy, my husband would not have been allowed to come with me and the financial strain of having to pay cash would have put more pressure on us as a household,” Roelofsz adds.

Mind the gap

During pregnancy and childbirth, the list of medical expenses is extensive and medical expense shortfalls are an all-too-common occurrence. From the gynaecologist to midwives and doulas (and anaesthetists should a C-section be required), as well as paediatrician fees after the birth, there are many areas where medical aid may not cover the full amount. In addition, should a woman elect to give birth at a hospital outside of their Designated Service Provider (DSP) network, they will be liable for further medical expense shortfalls.

“Often, pregnancy and childbirth result in unanticipated medical expenses, which could leave young families in greater financial distress if they do not have medical aid. Even with medical aid, you are not guaranteed full cover,” adds Singleton.

“For example, at Turnberry we have seen shortfalls in cover of up to R28 000 for a C- section and up to R20 000 for spontaneous vertex deliveries.

Without gap cover in place, young families are placed under heavy financial strain as they will need to find a way of paying for these medical expense shortfalls out of their own pocket. In normal circumstances this is challenging for a family just starting out, but in the current pandemic and economic crisis it could be catastrophic,” he adds.

to family and friends, the last thing they need is to worry about medical expense shortfalls.

“Gap cover can help to alleviate some of the strain by giving new mothers and young families peace of mind that their medical expenses will be taken care of.

Amidst all of the other worry, this leaves a little more room to focus on the important things, like being a family and bonding with the new baby. However, parents trying for a child must understand that gap cover needs to be taken out before falling pregnant as waiting periods do apply.

So, speak to your financial advisor today to ensure you are covered during trying times,” Singleton concludes. 

Less worry, more joy

Welcoming a child into the world should be a joyful experience, but current circumstances are causing strain. In a world where women may have to give birth in isolation, and cannot introduce their new children

Pregnancy can be very stressful and having medical aid relieves a lot of that stress.

Tony Singleton, CEO at Turnberry Management Risk Solutions www.babysandbeyond.co.za

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Does your little one experience symptoms like a runny or itchy nose, sneezing or itchy skin? 2,3 They might suffer from allergies.

Give Telfast® Suspension for non-drowsy allergy relief for children 2 years and older for the relief of hay fever symptoms and children 6 months and older for the relief of symptoms associated with hives. 1 Hives: 6 months+ Hay fever: 2 years+ *Treatment of allergies in children should be diagnosed by a healthcare professional.

Is your little one struggling to poop? 5 They might be constipated.

Give Dulcolax® 5 mg Suppositories for relief from occasional constipation and irregularity. 5 These comfort-shaped medicated suppositories are a for rectal use only. 4 Just one suppository produces a bowel movement within as little as 15-60 minutes. 4 1 - 12 years *Treatment of constipation in children should be diagnosed by a healthcare professional.

References: 1. TELFAST® Suspension package insert, July 2009 2. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology ACAAI. [online] [cited 2019 Jul 1]. Available from URL: https://acaai.org/allergies/types-allergies/hives-urticaria 3. ASCIA Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy. Is it allergic rhinitis? [online] [cited 2019 June 18]. Available from: URL: https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/allergic-rhinitis-hay-fever-and-sinusitis/allergic-rhinitis-or-hay-fever 4. Dulcolax ® Suppositories 5 mg package insert, 20 September 2013. 5. Sibanda M, Meyer JC, Maponya M, Motha T. Chronic constipation in adults. SA Pharm J 2018;85(1):34–42. 6. ViralChoice ® Junior Syrup package insert, December 2017. 7. Flu or Cold Symptoms? WebMD [online] [cited 2020 Jul 22]. Available from URL: https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/flu-cold-symptoms 8. Buscopan ® 0,1% Syrup approved package Insert, April 2013. 9. Buscopan ® 10 mg tablets.

Package insert. 19 April 2013. 10. Lacy BE, Wang F, Bhowal S, Schaefer E; study group. On-demand hyoscine butylbromide for the treatment of self-reported functional cramping abdominal pain.

Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013 Aug;48(8):926-935. S1 TELFAST® SUSPENSION, Fexofenadine hydrochloride 6 mg/ml. Reg. No. 42/5.7.1/0339. For full prescribing information refer to the professional information approved by the Regulatory Authority. S0 DULCOLAX ® 5 mg Suppositories. Each paediatric suppository contains 5 mg bisacodyl. Reg. No. E/11.5/534.

Fexofenadine HCl

Bisacodyl 5/10 mg

Hyoscine butylbromide

Is your little one experiencing symptoms like sore throat, congestion or sneezing? 7 They might be suffering from seasonal cold or flu.

Give ViralChoice® Junior Syrup to help boost their immune system. 6 A strong immune system minimises the severity of infections and reduces the risk of invasion from viruses. 6 1 - 10 years

Is your baby’s tummy sore and uncomfortable? 8 They might be suffering from colic.

Buscopan® Syrup can provide relief from infant colic & stomach discomfort. 8 Buscopan® Syrup is banana flavoured and sugar-free. 8 1 month+

Is your little one struggling with a painful or uneasy tummy? 10 They might be experiencing belly pain.

Buscopan® works directly where it is needed, and targets the source of abdominal pain and discomfort by relaxing the muscles in the belly quickly and effectively to provide relief. 9, 10 6 years+ *Treatment of belly pain in infants and children should be diagnosed by a healthcare professional

For full prescribing information refer to the professional information approved by the Regulatory Authority. S1 BUSCOPAN ® 10 mg tablets. Each tablet contains hyoscine butylbromide 10 mg. Ref. No. E 501 (Act 101/1965). For full prescribing information refer to the professional information approved by the Regulatory Authority. S1 BUSCOPAN® 0,1 % syrup. Each 5 ml of syrup contains 5 mg of hyoscine butylbromide. Reg. No. Z/11.2/93. For full prescribing information refer to the professional information approved by the Regulatory Authority. VIRALCHOICE ® JUNIOR SYRUP. Each bottle contains Enchinacea Ext. 50 mg; Green Tea 2.5 mg; Rosehip 15 mg; Vitamin C 50 mg; Vitamin A 667 I.U; Vitamin E 3 I.U; Vitamin D 120I.U; Vitamin B6 0,75 mg; Vitamin B12 1 µg; Follic acid 75 µg; Boitin 30 µg; Pantothenic acid 1.5 µg; Selenium 15 µg. This unregistered medicine has not been evaluated by the SAHPRA for its quality, safety or intended use. Applicant: sanofi-aventis south africa (pty) ltd, Reg. no.: 1996/010381/07. Sanofi House, 2 Bond Street, Grand Central Ext. 1, Midrand, 1685. Tel: (011) 256 3700 Fax: (011) 256 3707. www.sanofi.com. MAT-ZA-2000295 – 1.0 – 07 2020

feature

Maintaining vaccination services amid COVID-19

Are your child’s

vaccinations up to date?

As the world works to develop a vaccine against the novel coronavirus, health-care capacities are stretched in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and in some cases, vaccination services may have been disrupted. The coronavirus outbreak serves as a valuable reminder of the important role vaccination plays in protection from infectious disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents should be made aware that it is vital that routine vaccination of children is maintained. Vaccine-preventable diseases are severe and can be life-threatening and vulnerable children who have missed vaccinations during the restrictions of lockdown should be prioritised.

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www.babysandbeyond.co.za

feature

“O

ne can only imagine the devastation of an outbreak of a vaccine preventable disease (VPD) such as whooping cough or polio superimposed on a pandemic where healthcare resources and facilities are already under strain due to COVID-19,” says Dr Nasiha Soofie, Country Medical Head for the Vaccines Unit and Exports Market at Sanofi Pasteur.

National statistics

Despite profound improvements in the South African vaccination programme over the years, vaccination coverage for preventable diseases remains sub-optimal at 74%. Vaccine preventable diseases still kill more than half a million children under 5 years of age in Africa every year.

In practice, it means children are missing out on life-saving vaccinations and families still have loved ones that suffer illness, disability and even death from diseases that we have the knowledge and the tools to prevent.

Diseases such diphtheria, measles, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, tetanus and tuberculosis (TB) can be prevented. Parents and caregivers need to understand the importance of vaccination and the role they play in the vaccination of their children. No child, regardless of where they live or their

Preventing life-threatening disease through vaccination Vaccination protects children and adults from serious but preventable diseases. Decisions to delay or not to give a child their vaccinations can result in outbreaks of diseases such as measles, polio, hepatitis and more. As the response to COVID-19 continues, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends that, in order to minimise other infectious disease outbreaks and loss of life, urgent catchup vaccinations should be allowed in places where services have been disrupted. The prevailing recommendation is that parents and caregivers should continue to vaccinate their children in line with national policies.

No child should be denied vaccination without serious thought as to the consequences, both for the child and the community. Vaccination is a right for all South Africans, regardless of age or economic status. economic status, should be left vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases.

diseases before they come into contact with them.

Current advice: During April 2020, the World Health Organisation issued a warning that shutting down vaccination services during the COVID-19 pandemic could result in increased numbers of susceptible individuals and raise the likelihood of outbreak-prone vaccine preventable diseases.

Although some diseases may have become uncommon, the viruses or bacteria that cause them continue to circulate in some or all parts of the world. This has never been more relevant than now, with COVID-19 illustrating just how easily infectious diseases cross borders and infect anyone.

• Measles can cause deafness and death.

• Polio can cause permanent disability.

• Hepatitis B can cause liver damage and cancer.

The true value of vaccines

Vaccination is a simple and effective way of protecting people against harmful

The World Health Organisation’s vaccination motto is to leave no one behind. “A world where everyone, everywhere, at every age, fully benefits from vaccines for good health and wellbeing.”

Don’t let your child suffer the consequences of a preventable disease.

Contact your local clinic or ask your doctor for advice.

Vaccination is an investment in tomorrow’s society Vaccine-preventable diseases are often disabling, impair child growth and development, and prevent children from achieving their full potential. www.babysandbeyond.co.za

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feature A child who is not vaccinated is very likely to get measles, whooping cough and many other diseases. Children who survive these diseases are weakened and may not grow well. They may even be permanently disabled. By choosing not to vaccinate your child, their physical and cognitive development is at risk.

Don’t let your child suffer the consequences of a preventable disease.

Vaccination programmes that prevent infectious diseases in childhood allow children to participate fully in their education, preparing them to become healthy adults. Healthy children tend to achieve better educationally and to have better cognitive function.

Community health: why prevention is better than cure The burden of ill health and impaired development in children can have a knock-on effect in the community.

Childhood diseases, such as mumps and chickenpox, can lead to serious complications in adulthood.

Childhood vaccination therefore is not only necessary to protect our young children but also can provide protection

to adults and the elderly (including pregnant women and unborn babies) through prevention of transmission from the younger individuals.

By ensuring your child is vaccinated, you will contribute to your community’s universal health.

Do not delay vaccines

There is no benefit to delaying vaccinations. Parents who refuse or delay vaccines not only leave their children susceptible to preventable infections, but also make their communities vulnerable to outbreaks of these diseases. The World Health Organisation lists “vaccine hesitancy” – the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of

vaccines – as one of the top 10 global health threats of 2019.

Measles, for example, has seen a 30% increase in cases globally.

Some countries that were close to eliminating this disease have seen a resurgence, with vaccine hesitancy listed as one of the causes.

On-time vaccination throughout childhood is essential because it helps provide immunity before children are exposed to potentially life-threatening diseases.

Vaccines are tested to ensure that they are well tolerated and effective for children to receive at the recommended ages, with no known benefit or spreading out or delaying vaccinations at any timepoint.

By choosing not to vaccinate your child, their physical and cognitive development could be at risk. Vaccination programmes that prevent infectious diseases in childhood allow children to participate fully in their education, preparing them to become healthy adults. Healthy children tend to achieve better educationally and to have better cognitive function.

Don’t delay, vaccinate today! 

Questions and answers How do vaccines work?

Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against infection or disease. Vaccines are proven in controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases and saves lives.

People at all ages can be vaccinated, with a focus on newborns, during the 2nd year of life and adolescence as well as pregnant women, health workers and the elderly. If a person has missed a vaccination, “catch-up” vaccinations can be administered.

Are vaccines safe?

Vaccines are manufactured according to strict safety guidelines that meet world standards of quality, tolerability and efficacy.

Vaccines have robust development programmes prior to being available for general use in the public, and thereafter are subject to strict surveillance and batch testing. As with all medicines, side effects may occur. However, the benefits of having the vaccine far outweigh the risks.

The aim of vaccination is to ensure that entire communities are protected against vaccine-preventable diseases over their life-course.

Who should be vaccinated?

All people need to be aware of their right to vaccination and their responsibility to protect the health of others.

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Why should I vaccinate against mild diseases like chickenpox?

Mild diseases such as varicella (chickenpox) may not be life threatening for a child, but it can have serious consequences in unvaccinated newborn babies or the elderly. Importantly, by getting your child vaccinated, you are protecting your child as well as others in your community from getting chickenpox. www.babysandbeyond.co.za

feature

Coping with

back to school blues or homeschooling stress

By Ilse de Beer, psychologist

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unchartered territory for everyone to navigate. For parents, the territory has come fraught with uncertainty, frustration and worry. Homeschooling, adapting to online learning, and caring for the physical, emotional and mental wellbeing of children in lockdown have been, and remain, sources of tremendous strain.

S

chools have reopened, with different grades to go back in phases. Some children are already back at school, some are still at home, and others won’t be returning.

“Whether you have decided to send your child back to school or you have chosen to continue homeschooling for the remainder of the year, it is stressful for you and your child. There is no clear answer to what exactly is the right thing to do, and it depends entirely on your context. Parents are under a lot of strain to find new ways for their families to cope with the situation.

“Uncertainty about the future exacerbates parents’ stress levels, and this will have an impact on children’s coping mechanisms.

If you are overanxious and on the verge of panic, you can be sure that it will rub off on your child. You cannot expect a child to cope with their anxiety and fears if you as an adult are unable to

34

control your own,” says Ilse de Beer, a psychologist at Ilse de Beer Psychology.

Going back to school will be a whole new world after weeks of isolation. For those who have decided to send their children back to school, she has this advice: “Realise that there are different sources of fear. There are the anxieties relating to readjusting to the routine of school after such a long period of isolation, catching up on schoolwork, reuniting with friends and teachers, wearing masks all day and adapting to new social distancing norms.

“Then there are the fears of the virus itself. Parents are afraid for the safety of their children, and children may be anxious about catching COVID-19. It is essential to acknowledge your fears and those of your children. This validation is crucial for children. Talk about what is worrying your child. Try to address their feelings of anxiety with rational solutions.

“Normalise your child’s stress, don’t overemphasise or disregard it. Make sure your children feel heard. Be empathetic and don’t make unrealistic demands or false promises. For instance, you should acknowledge that yes, there is a lot of schoolwork to catch up with, but one day at a time, they will get through it, and you will be there to assist as much as you can.

“Get organised, make lists, stay connected with your children and with what they are covering at school, and have a homework routine. If there is one thing that parents had to do in lockdown, it was to be involved in their children’s schooling.

Don’t lose this when they go back to school.”

On quelling fears of the virus, itself, De Beer says parents should provide their children with age-appropriate, basic knowledge of the coronavirus. Rather than instilling more fear, children should be encouraged with solutions for keeping themselves and others safe, such as www.babysandbeyond.co.za

feature wearing a mask, washing their hands, using sanitiser and observing social distancing.

De Beer acknowledges that the decision to homeschool for the remainder of the year is a difficult one for parents who have chosen that option. Their focus is to limit the risk of their children being infected with the virus. This, she says, is understandable. However, parents must consider that the sustainability and success of this choice depend on several factors, such as the level of support that they will receive from the child’s school or education institution, the child’s age and whether they are able to work independently, how many children in the home will be homeschooled, parents’ employment situations, and time available for teaching.

“If, as a parent-teacher, you do not have the appropriate amount of support from your child’s school and if you do not have

enough time to give your children equal and enough support, you should consider that this choice might not be right for you.

“Remember that most parents are not teachers. Taking on a new job that you are not trained for can be highly stressful. Certain subjects are challenging for children to study on their own, for example, mathematics, science and accounting. They need someone to explain these subjects to them in a language they understand. As a parent, this will become your responsibility. Make sure you are equipped and ready for this.”

She stresses that parents should also take into consideration their own and their children’s temperaments. If the parent is a “doer”, it means that they need things to happen fast and efficiently, but if they have a “dreamer” of a child, this situation can lead to conflict and frustration.

Additionally, children who are introverts or loners don’t mind being on their own,

while children who are extroverts need to be amongst and do activities with other people. For these extrovert children, homeschooling could prove to be a battle.

For those who have carefully deliberated homeschooling and deemed it the best solution for their families, De Beer offers these tips: • Keep a proper timetable. Schoolwork must start at the same time every day and follow a structure. Don’t let children play around when it is time to work, but give them sufficient breaks.

• Encourage children to work as independently as possible. Schoolwork is their responsibility in the first place. It might seem easy to do some of the work for the child or to give them the answers.

But, in the long run, this will not help the child.

• Make sure that you do fun and enjoyable things together like baking or playing board games. There should be time for work and time for play. Families need downtime too. As the adage goes: “Families that play together stay together”.

• Make sure that all the family members have some time for themselves.

Everybody needs some “me time”.

• Make sure that all the family members get some physical exercise by playing with a ball, taking a jog or walking the dog. Too many hours locked up inside is not good for anyone’s mental health or relationships.

• Do not be too critical on yourself or your children. This is an abnormal situation, and everyone is doing the best they can.

She concludes with a few words of encouragement: “Parents, try to give your children hope for the future. Continuously encourage your children by confirming that things will be alright and that as a family, you will be able to get through this unprecedented time. Keep talking to your children so that you can help them find solutions when they are feeling overwhelmed.” 

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feature

By Kirstie Haslam

Road accident claims for minors: What you need to know

Child victims of road accidents are eligible for compensation from the Road Accident Fund (RAF) providing the qualifying criteria are satisfied.

Here are a few guidelines from Kirstie Haslam, partner at DSC Attorneys, about RAF claims for minors injured or killed on South Africa’s roads.

Who can lodge a RAF claim for minor victims?

A parent or guardian can lodge a claim on behalf of a minor. Where there is no parent or guardian, an application can be brought to the High Court, appointing a Curator ad Litem (legal representative) to act on the minor’s behalf in respect of the claim.

Alternatively, the minor can wait until he or she is 18 to register a claim.

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What can minors claim from the Road Accident Fund?

Minors can claim compensation for: • all medical expenses incurred as a result of the accident; • general damages for pain and suffering if the injury is deemed serious; and • the minor’s future loss of earnings/ earning capacity, which can be a significant loss.

How much can be claimed?

There are no statutory limits on the amounts that can be claimed for medical expenses. Medical expenses are, however, paid in line with tariffs based on the National Health Reference Price List (NHRPL) and the Uniform Patient Fee Structure. General damages can also be claimed in cases where injuries are classified as serious injuries.

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feature Time limits for lodging RAF claims

When the wrongdoer in the accident can be identified, the RAF claim, together with all supporting documents, must be lodged by a parent, guardian or legal representative any time following the collision before the minor reaches the age of majority, or by the minor themselves within three years after reaching 18.

motor vehicles and parties involved in the accident, the date and location of the accident and the monetary amounts claimed in respect of damages.

• RAF 3 – details of the accident, as per both involved parties.

• RAF 4 – a serious injury assessment report by a qualified medical professional but only in respect of a claim for general damages.

In the case of a hit-and-run accident where the offending party is unknown, a claim must be submitted on behalf of the minor claimant within two years of the accident. If the claim isn’t lodged within this period, it prescribes (becomes unenforceable in law).

In addition, while a medical report and police report are a substantive requirement, supportive documents such as witness statements, invoices relating to the accident, photographs of the damaged vehicle and the surrounding area are helpful in support of the claim.

Documents required for RAF claims

What to expect once a RAF claim has been submitted

For a RAF claim to be successful, the following forms must be completed and submitted in hard copy to the RAF offices: • RAF 1 – details of the minor and their parents / guardian / legal representative, information about the

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The RAF has 120 days to consider the evidence and determine the validity of a claim and the amount of damages payable. Unfortunately, the RAF rarely, if ever, concludes a case within the prescribed period. Once the 120-day period has expired, your lawyer can

immediately issue summons in order to pursue the claim in court.

The RAF may make an offer of an outof-court settlement that you can either accept or reject. If you reject the offer, the case goes before the court, where arguments are made for and against your claim. The court determines how much you are paid in damages, based on the evidence presented.

The importance of using a qualified attorney

Besides the complexities of the claims process, the RAF is notorious for rejecting claims, delaying payments and offering settlements way below the amount that should be awarded.

An attorney specialising in RAF claims not only expedites the entire process, he or she can issue summons to escalate the matter to court and introduce expert witness testimony to support the claim.

Alternatively, a qualified attorney has the expertise to negotiate the best possible out-of-court settlement and hold the RAF liable for interest on late payments. 

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feature

Simple low-cost innovation in the treatment of asthma set to save lives

By Lynn Kämpf, Business Manager of Allergy Foundation South Africa

U

sing plastic bottle spacers for the treatment of asthma has been pioneered by Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital in Cape Town and used successfully for some time.

With the COVID-19 pandemic, it became critical to fast-track wider distribution.

Traditionally, asthma medication is selfadministered, pumped into the mouth using a small, hand-held inhaler. Inhalers are portable and convenient, but medication tends to mainly reach the back of the throat rather than the lungs, where it is most needed.

at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital and CEO of Allergy Foundation South Africa.

“We’ve been using bottle spacers at Red Cross since Professor Heather Zar pioneered them in the late 1990s and know they work. The challenge was how to produce them cheaply in the quantities that would be required for the public health service,” says Prof Levin.

A nebuliser is more effective at pushing medication into the lungs and is often used in hospital and emergency situations. However, because a nebuliser sprays the patient’s breath into the air, it can potentially spread coronavirus and other germs, putting healthcare workers and fellow patients at risk.

A spacer attached to the patient’s inhaler is an efficient alternative.

Medication is pumped from the inhaler into an empty chamber and the patient breathes it in, reaching the lungs without spraying micro-droplets into the air.

South Africa has one of the highest asthma death rates in the world, with around 15, 000 deaths each year. “It is conservatively estimated that 80% of asthma deaths could be prevented, especially with better treatment and access to medication,” says Professor Michael Levin, Head of Allergy

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“Thanks to modern technology we’ve been able to create an affordable and recyclable solution that works as well as commercial spacers.” The custom blow-mould base, produced by Polyoak Packaging and Habitat Industries, has an inhaler size attachment hole, making it simple to attach any inhaler.

AFSA is working to make the bottle spacers available throughout the country and the project has been enthusiastically supported by the Provincial Governments

of the Western Cape, Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal. So far 3 000 bottle spacers have been distributed to public hospitals in Cape Town and a further 10 000 are available for Western Cape hospitals and clinics in preparation for the projected spike of respiratory infections in the winter months. In Gauteng, 20 000 spacers have been produced and a team of volunteers, organised by Professors Robin Green, Izelle Smuts and Ronel Herselman of the University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, are arranging distribution. Next, the moulds are going to KwaZulu-Natal for another batch to be produced.

Professor Andre Van Niekerk, head of the Allergy Society of South Africa, endorses the new device: “The bottle spacers will help make the treatment of acute and chronic asthma much more effective. Inhaled steroids are safe, even when people have coronavirus or other viral infections. Asthma sufferers should use their pumps daily to keep asthma wellcontrolled and prevent having to go to hospital during this time."

For more information about the plastic bottle space programme, asthma and the Allergy Foundation South Africa visit www.allergyfoundation.co.za, follow @ SAallergy on social media or contact Lynn Kämpf, Business Manager of the Allergy Foundation South Africa on lynn@allergyfoundation.co.za ■ www.babysandbeyond.co.za

child development

By Reabetsoe Buys

Emotional intelligence and why it matters

Emotional intelligence, also known as EQ, refers to our ability to be smart about our own emotions as well as understand the emotions of other people. EQ is where cognition and emotions meet – helping us with communication, maintaining social relationships and managing conflict. EQ also informs our capacity for managing stress, for resilience, empathy, motivation and reasoning.

O

ver the years research has found more and more evidence that EQ is a better indicator of success compared to just being intelligent.

In fact, people with high EQ tend to be happier in life because they are better able to empathise with others, make better decisions and use emotions to facilitate their thinking.

As a parent, you can foster the development of good EQ skills in your child from an early age by teaching, modelling, encouraging and reinforcing certain behaviours. But first, what makes up EQ? Emotional intelligence consists of 5 main elements: • Self-awareness • Emotional regulation • Empathy • Motivation • Social skills

1 Self-awareness

This refers to your child’s ability to know how they’re feeling, how their feelings impact their behaviour and how this affects the people around them.

Understandably, young children do not have the capacity to fully understand this or have developed the language to explain their emotions.

However, we can teach them these awareness skills by: • Helping them to name their emotions using a range of words and examples.

• Ask your child to tell you a story about an emotion (using emojis is a good way to have a visual aid of a “feeling face”).

• When you end the day, ask your child to tell you about an emotion they remember feeling that day.

• Speak to your child about emotions so that they learn that “big”, overwhelming feelings are normal and nothing to be ashamed or embarrassed of.

• Validate your child’s emotions – even the negative ones (e.g. “It looks like you’re feeling very angry that I stopped you from jumping off the couch”).

With older children you can help them gain emotional self-awareness by: • Creating space where they can feel safe talking to you about their thoughts and emotions.

• Use their interests and strengths to get them to open up and talk about how feel about certain things (e.g. art, sport or music) • Respect their space until they feel comfortable to talk to you – do not force it as this may cause them to withdraw.

• Show them empathy and understanding while opening up about your own experiences so that they see that they can do that too.

child development

2 Emotional regulation

When a child has the ability to explore and understand the consequences of their behaviour, they are able to realise the importance of managing their emotions as well. However, in order to reach this point they need to feel safe and supported in exploring their emotions, which is where parents and other caring adults play a vital role.

A child who cannot regulate their emotions may show behavioural challenges such as tantrums, aggression in peer relationships or withdrawal and anxiety. It is therefore important that as parents, you: • Model the correct way to manage stress, intense feelings or impulses.

For example, if you are reactive and yell or swear when something goes wrong, your child learns that being reactive is the best way to deal with being upset. This is in comparison to them seeing you react calmly and try to find solutions to the problem you’re encountering.

• Be warm, patient, responsive and accepting even when your child shows behaviours which are deemed “negative” – this provides them with the support they need to process emotional challenges and life’s difficulties.

If you are dismissive or critical, your child doesn’t learn this skill as they are made to feel that there is something wrong with what they are going through.

• Teach your child coping skills (such as breathing exercises), help them to reframe the situation or figure out the steps to solving the problem Remember: “Emotional regulation in children comes from emotional regulation in the parents.”

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3 Empathy

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person – being able to “put yourself in someone else’s shoes”. Like self-awareness and emotional regulation, children can learn about empathy from what they see in their immediate environment. Adults can also encourage empathy by: • Helping their child make connections between feelings and behaviours (e.g.

“It looks like Michael felt angry when Johnny took his favourite toy away from him”).

• Read stories and talk about the emotions that came up for the characters.

• Watch TV or page through a magazine together and point out different people’s facial expressions and associated feelings.

• Positively reinforce empathetic behaviour (e.g. “Thank you for being so kind to your sister when you noticed she was feeling sad”).

• Play role-playing games – this opens up dialogue and approaches the topic in a fun way which will resonate better with your child.

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child development Reabetsoe Buys 4 Motivation

When we think about motivation we think about the “positive drive” that helps us overcome obstacles and reach our goals. While children under seven years of age are naturally self-motivated, there are many ways we can motivate our children which they can internalise as an essential skill for later on in life: • Overtly express your appreciation – let them know when they have done something well or when they have done something good, no matter how small.

• Use your child’s natural ability to learn as a way of encouraging them to try out new things.

• Understand what your child’s interests are and use these to motivate to try more.

• Reinforce effort they show, not just successes – you’re inevitably motivating resilience and persistence.

• Manage failure in a positive manner – focus on the positive aspect of it (e.g.

“Even though you didn’t get what you wanted this time, now you know for next time”).

• Encourage optimism by looking at the positivity of the solutions rather than just the negativity of the problems.

With older children, allow them to be creative through journaling or creating art or vision boards which they can choose to share with you. Allow your child to explore their interests, their future goals and aspirations in a safe and supportive space.

5 Social skills

As social beings, we need skills which will allow us to manage the emotions of other people, as well as skills which will lead to effective communication, conflict management, good leadership and collaborative effort. This is also where empathy as a skill comes into play. When it comes to these social skills:

Reabetsoe is a registered Counselling Psychologist, with over 10 years of clinical experience working in the corporate sector as well as higher education and private practice. She has presented at conferences and written multiple articles on various topics.

In 2017 Reabetsoe founded Shrink Mama, a brand which develops psychological resources which people can use outside of psychotherapy.

The first three toolkits are for parents to use with their children to develop psychoemotional skills and overcome common childhood challenges.

Reabetsoe recently entered the non-profit space where she develops holistic programmes for vulnerable youth; and continues to see children, adolescents and adults at her private practice in Fourways, Johannesburg.

• Be a good example by communicating openly and honestly with your child and allow them to also share what they think and feel.

• Play games which encourage active listening, comprehension, expression and collaboration (e.g. word games and team activities).

• Teach your child about non-verbal communication (e.g. model what it looks like when they’re talking and you have crossed arms and an uninterested facial expression).

• Encourage the importance of breaking down solutions to a problem, showing them how to manage conflict in the process.

• Teach your child different anger management techniques to manage “big” emotions and overwhelming feelings (e.g. count to 10, breathe, walk away, talk to a grown up).

• Allow your child to plan, make choices and decisions as part of the family (e.g.

“What shall we have for dinner between pasta and home-made burgers?”).

• Let your child figure things out on their own as well – there is no need to jump in every time you notice that they’re stuck with something.

While all of this may seem like the onus is on parents and caregivers to raise an exceptionally emotionally intelligent child, remember that children are also influenced by their personality type, life events, experiences and other relationships too. However, parents can help build a solid foundation which informs how your child perceives themselves, others and the world they live in. ■

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dental health

Dental care

during pregnancy

By Dr Craig Peck and Prof Nadia Mohamed

It is well-accepted that pregnancy is associated with many physiological and hormonal changes, many of which affect the oral cavity in a variety of ways. Metabolic changes that occur during pregnancy often result in oral changes that can mimic local inflammatory conditions.

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dental health

T

he most important pregnancy hormones are oestrogen and progesterone and changes in these blood levels during pregnancy have a marked effect on gum health. Both oestrogen and progesterone show a gradual increase during pregnancy until the eighth month and then stabilise at the ninth month. These levels return to pre-pregnancy levels within two months after delivery. It is during this period when the two hormones are fluctuating that pregnant women often express noticeable changes in their gum health.

The reason for this is that oestrogen and progesterone both effect changes in the vascular system (blood vessels) and the immune system, which could exacerbate gum inflammation. It has been shown that an increased level of progesterone in gingival fluid (which is the fluid secreted normally from the gums and supporting socket of the tooth), can have an immunesuppressive effect and result in a chronictype of inflammatory response.

As a result of these changes, 30% to 100% of pregnant women have reported some degree of change to their normal gum health. These signs and symptoms

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range from increased bleeding from the gums, localised or generalised swelling, tenderness during eating or brushing, redness and even a thickened gum margin. Although gingivitis during pregnancy can start from as early as the first month, it is more likely to occur in the third trimester (when levels of oestrogen and progesterone are higher). The worst symptoms have been reported to occur during the third and eighth months of pregnancy.

It important to note that although gingivitis could be experienced during pregnancy, it is no different from gingivitis in non-pregnant women.

The only difference is that hormonal changes during pregnancy lead to vascular changes in the blood vessels, which could increase the chances of bleeding and gum sensitivity. Despite the changes in the blood vessels and fluctuating levels of oestrogen and progesterone during pregnancy, gum health is still largely dependent on maintaining optimal oral care.

Neglecting this aspect during pregnancy is more likely to contribute to the development of gingivitis.

Stabilisation of oestrogen and progesterone after delivery tends to have a positive effect on the gum health. Some research has reported a greater degree of tooth mobility, especially around the eighth and ninth month. It is suspected that this is linked to the highest peaks of oestrogen and progesterone within the oral soft tissues. This mobility however appears to stabilise following delivery when hormone levels return to normal.

It is very important to take note that any pre-existing disease of the soft tissue and underlying bone that remains untreated during pregnancy is associated with a 5% to 8% higher incidence of pre-term births. Good oral health and gum health before and during pregnancy is therefore extremely important to counter the effect of the hormonal changes on the oral health and ensure general well-being.

There has been a longstanding and controversial debate regarding tooth decay during pregnancy. Previously, the accepted belief was that calcium was drawn out from inside the tooth and into the bloodstream to support foetal growth and development. This notion has since been rejected on the basis that the chemical

49

dental health Good oral health and gum health before and during pregnancy is extremely important

composition of teeth do not change during pregnancy. However, the nature and composition of saliva do change.

Calcium and phosphate ions in saliva are essential for maintaining healthy tooth structure. During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, the levels of calcium and phosphate decline, increasing the susceptibility for cavity formation. Additionally, the pH and buffering capacity of saliva reduces noticeably during the third trimester.

This acidic environment therefore has the potential to exacerbate existing cavities and weaken tooth structure.

These physiological changes in saliva during pregnancy, together with an altered salivary flow rate, reduced antibody levels in the saliva and possible tooth erosion from morning sickness could therefore theoretically predispose a pregnant woman to tooth decay.

The aetiology and development of cavities is however multifactorial in nature. Oral bacterial load, dietary control, frequency of snacking, type of snacking (especially sugary foods and drinks), and the susceptibility of tooth structure, all play a role in the development of cavities. It should however be noted that the duration of pregnancy is too short a time for the potential negative salivary changes to result in tooth decay. An increase in salivary sialic acid during the latter part of pregnancy also has a protective effect as it facilitates the bacterial clearance from the mouth, thereby reducing the chances of developing cavities.

Oral care (before, during and after pregnancy) should be an essential part of everyone’s daily healthcare programme.

However, due to the possible oral effects of the hormonal changes during pregnancy, pregnant women should take

extra care to ensure optimal oral health.

Starting pregnancy with healthy teeth and gums (as confirmed by a dentist), brushing twice a day and flossing once a day, are invaluable in maintaining good oral health in order to reduce the possible effects of the many physiological changes during pregnancy. The use of a daily fluoride containing mouthwash could help to strengthen and protect tooth structure, reduce the acidity of the saliva and lower the bacterial load in the mouth. All these factors are essential to prevent the development of cavities.

It is important to remember that dental emergencies during pregnancy pose a challenge for dental treatment. In addition to hormonal changes, pregnancy results in physiological changes in the various organ systems, which could complicate dental treatment, especially when drugs need to be administered. This could cause harm to the unborn child, especially during the first trimester. Regular dental check-ups in order to identify and treat minor dental problems before they progress, would ensure that complex dental treatment is not required during the crucial period of growth and development for the unborn child. Good oral health habits will not only benefit the overall health and well-being of the mother, but also that of the unborn child. Maintaining good oral health during this time is therefore essential. 

Professor Nadia Mohamed and Dr Craig Peck both currently work in the Department of Paediatric Dentistry at the University of the Western Cape’s Dental faculty as lecturers and clinical supervisors. Prof Mohamed heads up the department which caters to the dental needs of all children under the age of 12 years.

Qualifications: Dr C. Peck: BMedSc, BChD, MPhil HPE (email: cpeck@uwc.ac.za) Prof N. Mohamed: BChD, BScHons, MSc, PhD, MPhil HPE (email: namohamed@uwc.ac.za)

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education

Help! My child is battling

to adjust to the new normal at school

By Cindy Glass

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education Living through the coronavirus pandemic has changed our lives in ways that we could not have imagined just a few months ago. We are bombarded with information and realities that have left many of us feeling uncertain, anxious, and fearful of the future.

T

he virus is so unprecedented that nobody seems to know what to do or how to do it. These are unchartered waters. Everyone has been affected in some way or another.

This includes our children who have had to face lockdown restrictions, scary unknowns, and a brand-new way of having to attend school.

Some children have fared better than others, but for those who are battling to adjust, Cindy Glass, owner and cofounder of Step Up Education Centres, offers the following advice:

1

Focus on routine, structure, and a positive mindset Nothing says “We have your back!” louder than a positive approach to challenging circumstances. Keep the

lines of communication wide open.

Your children will want to discuss their fears and have the opportunity to ask questions to alleviate anxieties and stresses that they may be feeling. They will want to lean on you, their parents and guardians, to lead them forward in a way that instils confidence and a positive sense of togetherness in the family.

2

Following the rules at school is important The new normal in schools includes knowing how to wash your hands, sanitising school desks and equipment, not being allowed to share stationery and food, wearing masks, and maintaining social distancing – even on the playground. These are tough measures for children, especially the

younger ones, to adhere to. Speak to the temporary nature of these measures and explain that when everyone works as a team, the restrictions will end quicker.

3

Focus on what you and your family CAN control There are many things that are within your control. Teach your children how important it is to take care of themselves while around other people. Help them understand – through non-judgemental, open communication – that they need not fear these restrictions. Fear creates an entirely new set of challenges that don’t add any value to anyone’s life.

4

Limit the amount of negative news in your home Keep yourself informed about the virus, but be aware that children do not have the emotional maturity of adults and therefore cannot process frightening news effectively, if at all.

5

Unburden the academic pressures Though there may have been many fundamental academic goals to your child’s learning before the virus, this is not the time to add any pressure. Appreciate the enormity of having to adapt to the new normal of life at school. It’s easy for a child to become burnt out, depressed, demotivated and disheartened due to the added pressure of already tough circumstances.

6

Believe in your children’s ability to adapt and thrive – even in a pandemic Let your children know that you are confident in them and that you are proud of the efforts that they are making, even in what may seem to be small ways. “Your children need you to lead the way. They are going to follow your actions, not your words. That is why, you as parents need to foster an attitude of gratitude in your children. The school day may be different, but each of us need to find something to be grateful for every day.

Gratitude helps us navigate the toughest of circumstances,” Glass concludes. 

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5

financial planning

If you are a new parent, there are not only nappies and bottles to get to grips with, but also new demands on your wallet. In your pre-baby life you might have scanned ads for off-road bikes, now you’re thinking about baby slings and strollers.

essential finance tips

for new fathers

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W

hat really is the best for your new little bundle, and what should you focus on as you re-examine your financial priorities?

“Plenty of love and care are important,” says Sarah Nicholson, who juggles being the mum of two busy boys with a demanding job as the commercial manager of personal finance website JustMoney.

“As a newly inducted member of the sleepless nights’ club, you’re probably feeling exhausted and disoriented at all the responsibilities and new demands on your time. You want to do what’s best for your baby, but choosing what is really necessary can be hard when you’re bombarded with so many products and services.”

A quick scan of baby offerings on a popular website revealed 144 travel accessories alone. No wonder we get confused.

“It’s important to start planning and adopting new habits now, so that you are prepared for future costs such as education,” says Nicholson.

“Appropriate insurance will also ensure that if you or your partner cannot earn an income in future, at least some of your child’s needs will be met.”

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financial planning Tackle debt: If you’ve been making use of debt (such as a credit card with high interest rates) to support a lifestyle that you can’t really afford, it’s time to free yourself up. On the other hand, a strategic investment such as a home loan can be a positive move.

2

Set goals that will help you to secure a healthy financial future for your family. Plan your monthly budget, and determine how much you can save.

Once you’ve paid off your debt and saved enough to cover about three months’ worth of living expenses, you can consider investing.

3

Cover yourself: Insurance policies that deal with life-changing events such as disability, death and retirement provide security through either a lump sum payment (for example on the death of a spouse) or an income in the long term, for example if you are disabled and cannot carry on earning a salary. Examples of long term insurance policies include life insurance, funeral policies and retirement annuities.

4

Make the most of medical aid: If you’re a member of a registered medical aid scheme, your new baby should receive immediate cover. Check your plan to see if there are any particular perks for babies, such as a dedicated programme for newborns. The best medical plan for you and your baby will depend on the baby’s needs and your budget.

5

Plan for education: Many parents choose a dedicated education plan to save for high school or tertiary education fees. Keep in mind that education involves more than school fees – you’ll also need to consider sports outings, gifts for schoolfriends’ birthday parties, aftercare and transport. 

“JustMoney was established over ten years ago to provide busy and digitallysavvy South Africans with easy online access to financial information, money management tools, products and services,” says Nicholson. “We partner with trusted financial brands so that you can make informed decisions as your family needs evolve. It’s worth scanning our ‘Deals’ section regularly too. You’ll find special offers on books, toys, family feasts, grooming products and much more.”

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financial planning Much of personal financial planning focuses on saving and investing to cover the costs of raising a family and eventually being able to retire independently.

However, many people are oblivious of how expensive it can be to care for elderly parents.

Ten tips for taking financial care of an

elderly parent 56

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financial planning

J

ustMoney offers some sage advice about this inevitable phase of life that often brings many challenges that you - and your parents never imagined.

It is relatively easy to support your mom or dad while they are in sound physical and mental health and living independently, but this can change overnight. Circumstances can become particularly tough if you are a professional from a disadvantaged background who is already carrying the responsibility of supporting your extended family.

Plan ahead:

Have a family discussion with your parents and siblings, and preferably before any health issues develop. Aim to get a clear idea of your parents’ financial needs, assets, and wishes. Should their state of affairs be worse than you thought, bringing the situation into the open can actually be a relief for your parents.

Selling a home:

Many people consider downsizing.

Navigating a sale in the current market conditions will trigger some understandable concerns. Arming yourself with the facts is always a good idea, so do your homework on a suitable asking price and the various costs involved.

Update a will:

Check that your parent has a will, and that it still fulfils their wishes.

Living will:

This could be a tricky topic to discuss, but many people have strong opinions about not being kept alive by artificial means, while still being kept pain-free, when there is no chance of recovery.

This can be addressed through a living

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Suddenly you may have to take time off work, plus contribute to (or cover all the costs of) a parent’s medical aid, transport, doctor’s visits, and medication.

There may also be the bills of a part- or full-time carer, assisted living facilities, or a nursing home. Factor in lockdown conditions as well, and this could be one of the most stressful periods you will ever experience.

Personal finance website JustMoney offers advice on planning for and navigating this stage of life when it becomes your turn to care for your parents.

will. A person must be 18 years or older and ‘compos mentis’ (having full control of their mind) when making such a declaration.

Power of attorney:

This note gives you authority to act on your parent’s behalf and take decisions.

It can be a general, broad directive, or limited to specific matters. It can be very useful when, for example, your parents are too frail to sign documents. Power of attorney is no longer valid if your parent is no longer ‘compos mentis’. In such a case, you can apply to be the administrator or curator of their affairs.

Health costs:

Read the fine print of your parent’s medical aid scheme and ascertain what it covers. You may decide to upgrade to a different package at the year-end to better suit their needs.

Ask for help:

Find out about government, provincial, community and non-profit organisation services. Senior citizens who are registered owners of residential properties can qualify for reduced property rates, depending on the gross monthly household income.

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financial planning SASSA:

Your parent could quality for a state old-age pension, provided that they pass the means test of the South African Social Security Agency. Currently, senior citizens receive R1780/month, or R1800/month if they are older than 75 years - plus R250/month for six months from May 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Your parent must be a South African citizen or permanent resident, 60 years or older, not receive payments from another social grant, and not earn more than R82 400/year if they are single, or R164 880/year if married. Assets must not exceed R1174 800 if they are single, and R2 349 600 if married. Find out more at www.sassa.gov.za/Pages/OlderPersons-Grant.aspx

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Virtual fraud:

We have all become more tech-savvy during lockdown, and this includes grandparents who want to maintain contact with their children and grandchildren. However, they could be easy targets for online con artists. Discuss some of the most common scams and the importance of not opening attachments or clicking links on unknown emails, as well as keeping user names and passwords secret. If they still fall prey to a scam, try not to make them feel worse than they already do. Focus on helping them to recover what they can.

Avoid debt:

While caring for your parents, do your best to not run up more expenses than you can afford, for example on your credit card. Continue contributing to

your own retirement, even if it is a small amount every month.

Sarah Nicholson, commercial manager of JustMoney, says: “While juggling the financial responsibilities of caring for a much-loved parent, your own needs can fall by the wayside. Try to give yourself regular breaks and small treats. Ask for help instead of struggling alone.

“Recognise signs of stress and find support, be kind and patient with yourself, make time for other relationships. Friends and family can be a great resource. Also, there are times when it’s worthwhile taking on the services of professionals in the ageing network. Their guidance could prevent you being derailed by caregiver stress and could actually save you money in the long run.” 

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

www.tibbhealth.com| Toll | TollFree: Free:0800 080022 228422 8422| | www.tibbhealth.com

health

My, What

The unseen effects of ocular allergies on children’s eyesight

red eyes you have! M

By Dr Rob Daniel and Byron-Mahieu van der Linde

any South Africans eagerly await the month of September.

It marks the beginning of the long, warmer season that is typified by outdoor adventure, sports and a proudly South African pastime: the braai. However, many also dread the start of spring as the advent of seasonal allergies that brings with it miserable bouts of congested noses, scratchy throats, embarrassing rashes and itchy eyes. Often allergic diseases remain undiagnosed and for children who are suffering from underlying allergies, it could be detrimental to their development and wellbeing.

Prevalence of allergic disease

Allergic diseases, or allergies, are acute immuno-responses to antigens coming into contact with the body, in the form of pollen, dust, mites, animal dander, mould spores, synthetic chemicals, some food types, insect venom and plant chemicals.

One in three people living in South Africa suffer from some form of allergic disease.

This number is consistent with global trends.

Children truly have the odds stacked against them. Firstly, they are more likely to suffer from allergic diseases compared to other age demographics: worldwide 30%-35% of children suffer from some form of allergy. In South Africa, children comprise 40% of persons suffering from allergies; considering that South Africa is a developing country this figure is continually rising. Secondly, if one biological parent suffers from allergies, there is up to 50% probability that the child will develop allergic diseases. This probability increases to 80% if both biological parents are allergy sufferers.

Even in families with no history of allergies, 12% of children will be affected.

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Impacts of allergic disease on children 20% of the world’s population suffers from allergic rhinitis (AR), or hay fever; and it is predicted to become increasingly prevalent due to current anthropogenic climate change. In fact, the increased diagnosis of AR is generally regarded as a worldwide epidemic. The World Allergy Organisation noted that allergy seasons are becoming more intense, have earlier onsets and increased durations.

The severity of allergic disease is often misunderstood by parents, caregivers and educators. Whereas food allergies and venom bites cause acute-to-life-threatening reactions (anaphylaxis), AR is considered more innocuous, even though it is the most commonly diagnosed chronic allergic disease. AR is highly correlated with childhood mortality and adversely impacts on early childhood development, social development, healthy sleep and general quality of life.

As with many underlying ailments, symptoms associated with allergic diseases are often mistaken for behavioural traits typical of ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. On the other hand, an alarming correlation has recently been identified between allergic disease in young children and anxiety and depression levels in the same individuals in later years.

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Ocular allergies (OA)

Among the more obvious symptoms – such as skin irritation (atopic dermatitis), sneezing and coughing (AR), swelling and anaphylaxis (food allergies and insect bites or stings) – mild to severe irritation of the eye and surrounding tissue is a common feature of allergic diseases.

It is usually indicative of an eye allergy referred to as rhinoconjunctivitis (closely associated with allergic rhinitis). It is estimated that around 20% of the world’s population will experience varying forms of this ocular allergy (OA).

Rhinoconjunctivitis is an allergy-induced condition whereby the protective outer lining of the eye – the conjunctiva – becomes inflamed. Although the symptoms may be similar to that of viral conjunctivitis, or pink eye, rhinoconjunctivitis is not contagious.

The affected person could be suffering from seasonal or perennial (year-round) rhinoconjunctivitis. More severe, but less common forms include atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). In areas of

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health South Arica with elevated levels of air pollution, there may be a higher prevalence of these two diseases.

Rhinoconjunctivitis is a risk factor for more serious vision problems in children. Its symptoms often lead to continuous eye rubbing that may have detrimental effects, including mechanical damage to the cornea.

This corneal deformity is a common OA-related complication, which results in conditions such as keratoconus or astigmatism in the long-term.

In the case of keratoconus and astigmatism, the light entering the eye does not focus normally on the retina, leading to poor vision. Both

conditions require treatment by eye care professionals. However, in the case of an infant struggling with allergies, if the astigmatism is not treated early enough it is a risk factor for the development of amblyopia in the affected eye(s).

Amblyopia (commonly referred to as “lazy eye�) is a serious vision abnormality that is the main cause of blindness in children.

Amblyopia and early detection

A main point of concern is that infants and young children are not able to communicate their ocular discomfort in the case of allergies. In instances where allergies have led to the development of astigmatism, corneal scarring and the

like, the children, parents, care-givers and educators may be wholly unaware of any refractive errors at play. Furthermore, it is very difficult to detect these refractive errors in preverbal and preliterate children.

Instrument-based photoscreening technology has been shown to effectively identify risk factors that may lead to amblyopia in young children. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that early vision screening be implemented annually from the age of 12 months, although industry leading photoscreening technology available in South Africa makes it possible to successfully screen infants as young as 6-months-old. 

Signs that children are suffering from ocular allergies Parents, care-givers and educators should constantly be on the lookout for signs of OA, bearing in mind that children may be affected by seasonal or perennial onset. Eye rubbing, rolling eye movements, complaints of stinging or scratchy eyes and incessant blinking are tell-tale signs of OA. If OA is suspected it is recommended that the child be examined immediately by an eye specialist. Intervention and treatment may mitigate more severe symptoms and lower the risk of long-term visual impairment and psychological distress.

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Breathe easy Chamiflor® Ocean Nasal Spray with chamomile; • Combines physiological ocean water with natural sea salts, purified water & chamomile fluid extract.

• Ideal for gentle cleansing and rinsing of the nose.

• Can be used for babies, children and expectant mothers.

• Contains chamomile which facilitates in the regeneration of the nasal mucosa and may decrease this risk of nose bleeds. 1

Available without prescription Ask your Phamacist for Chamiflor®

References: 1. Metcalfe W, Costello R. Question from practice: When to worry about nosebleeds. Pharmaceutical Journal (2013):1-4.

Available from: https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/learning/learning-article/question-from-practice-when-to-worry-aboutnosebleeds/11123224.article?firstPass=false.

Chamiflor® Ocean Nasal Spray. Chamiflor contains physiological ocean water with natural sea salts 0,9%, purified water and chamomile extract. www.chamiflor.co.za

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SS 14153-4563

• Assists with the supportive treatment in rhinitis and in a stuffy nose.

health

How to treat

pollen allergies Frequent hand-washing is one of the best ways to avoid getting sick or spreading germs while they accumulate on your hands.

What is pollen?

• Pollen is a very fine powder that comes from trees, grasses, flowers and weeds.

• Winds and birds carry pollen from tree to tree to fertilise them.

• Plants with brightly coloured flowers and sweet smells hardly ever cause allergy symptoms. That’s because insects and birds carry the pollen from these plants rather than wind. The pollen from these plants is very large and doesn’t spread in the air as easily as the pollen of plain-looking wind pollinated plants.

• Different plants are found in different parts of South Africa, in coastal and inland areas and in urban and rural areas.

• Grasses that cause pollen allergy include Bermuda, Rye and Wild Oat grass.

• Trees that cause pollen allergy include Plane, Oak and Cypress.

• Weeds that cause pollen allergy include Plantain and Daisy (Cosmos).

• Each plant has a specific time of year when it produces pollen.

• Pollen allergy causes hay fever and can bring on asthma attacks.

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Diagnosis

To find out what triggers your symptoms, your doctor needs to find out where and when the symptoms are worst.

Some grasses have pollen seasons that can last many months while some trees have very short pollen seasons. Your doctor will then do skin or blood tests to look for “the allergy antibody”, called Immunoglobulin E (IgE).

Management

Avoiding pollen is difficult, but reducing exposure is the first step to reducing symptoms from pollen allergy. The symptoms of the specific problem can be treated with medication. Immunotherapy is available against pollens using both injection and swallowed vaccines.

Allergen avoidance

• This is the ideal therapy, which will reduce the need for long-term medication.

• Stay indoors until after midday (if possible) to reduce your exposure to pollen, particularly in the pollen season and on windy days.

• Try to avoid going out on windy days or

after thunderstorms.

• Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes.

• Do not mow the grass and stay inside when it is being mown. If mowing is unavoidable, wear a mask or consider taking a non-drowsy antihistamine if your doctor has suggested this.

• Consider planting a low allergen garden around the home.

• Keep windows closed both at home and particularly when in your car (and where possible use recirculating air conditioning in your car).

• Do not picnic in parks or in the countryside during the pollen season.

• Try to plan your holidays out of the pollen season, or holiday at the seaside.

• If you are sensitive to particular weeds or trees that are outside your bedroom window, have them removed.

• If landscaping at home, research plants less likely to trigger allergic rhinitis or asthma.

• Shower when you arrive home and rinse your eyes frequently with water.

• Carry a supply of tissues.  For more allergy related articles, visit www.allergyfoundation.co.za www.babysandbeyond.co.za

health Allergy facts • Allergies occur in people who are more sensitive than “normal” people to innocent substances in their environment.

• The substances in the environment that cause the symptoms are allergens.

• Allergens are substances to which you are allergic. Many things in the environment can be allergens. Some are indoors, some outdoors and some taken are foods or medicines.

• Allergens differ from patient to patient. There is no “one size fits all” list of allergens. Your symptoms may be caused by your specific allergy triggers. To find out what trigger your symptoms, your doctor needs to find out where and when the symptoms are worst, and then do skin or blood tests to look for “the allergy antibody” (IgE).

• Pollen allergy occurs when someone who is prone to developing allergy has a hypersensitivity reaction to pollens from grasses, trees, flowers or weeds.

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health

Keeping children

safe from burns

Parents, grandparents and other adults need to take special care of children to prevent burns and other injuries. Young children can be burned very quickly, and this often happens when an adult is present, so it is important to be alert.

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ast year, the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital treated 880 children for burns, the most common (715 children) was caused by hot liquids (such as hot water, drinks and food), followed by fires (55 cases).

A further 57 children were treated for touching or coming into contact with very hot surfaces such as heaters and hotplates on stoves.

“Most burn injuries can be avoided.

Most of the burns happen in the home, specifically the kitchen. A first step to preventing burns is to make sure that the home environment is safe. Children are not always able to know when something is dangerous, so parents can start by checking every room in the house for possible burn risks to children. In the kitchen, make sure that hanging kettle

cords are properly secured and out of a child’s reach. Kettles are a major cause of hot water burns, which is traumatic and can be debilitating for the child,” says Yolande Baker, executive director of ChildSafe.

Here are a few safety tips to keep ourselves and our children safe while staying warm during the winter season.

Kitchen area The family kitchen is a high risk area for child injuries, where hot drinks and food are prepared. Kettles need special attention and should be placed at the back of the counter, with kettle cords behind the kettle, close to the electricity socket.

The kettle cord should not be left hanging www.babysandbeyond.co.za

health

over the edge of the counter top. Pulled kettle cords and fallen kettles with boiling water are the cause of up to 12 child burn admissions per month to the burns unit. A kettle strap can be used to prevent pulled kettle cords.

Also, we discourage holding a child while cooking. Instead, we urge you to rather move a high chair in the kitchen within reach or sight before you start or place them in a playpen. Then talk to your children so they know what is going on.

It is a great way to spend time together.

Matches and lighters are not toys; please place them out of children’s reach.

Teach your children to stop, drop and roll if their clothes have caught alight

Most hot water burns occur when toddlers grab hot tea and coffee mugs, especially when sitting on their mother’s lap, or when sitting at the table. To prevent hot water burns from tea/coffee mugs, parents should not drink hot liquids and hold a child on their laps at the same time. These injuries happen in a flash and should be anticipated to be prevented.

Test the temperature of food heated in a microwave before feeding children. The stove and electrical hot plates are high risk areas – hands and little fingers are easily burnt if children are given access to stoves in use. Pots on the stove should have handles turned to the back at all times to prevent being pulled over.

Toasters are potentially dangerous, and should only be used by adults. Recently, a 12-year-old boy was burnt when he stuck a knife in a toaster to release bread.

Put irons out of reach after use – we cannot see when the iron is hot. Rather, shake the creases from your washing than using an iron. Never leave children unsupervised in the kitchen.Living room Plugs should not be overloaded, and heaters and open grate fires need to be guarded. Electrical burns and electrocution can occur whenever exposed wires and open plugs are accessible. To prevent electrical burns, www.babysandbeyond.co.za

Over 1 000 children are treated at the Red Cross Children's Hospital for burns every year.

0-5years account for 80% of the burns

80%

90% of burns happen at home

90%

In 2018, 50 children had deep burns which means that the outer layer of the skin and the entire layer underneath is destroyed permanetly.

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health electrical installations must follow legal guidelines. Illegal connections and exposed electricity wires can be hazardous.

Bathroom Baby bath and buckets used for washing are also high risk for burns. Most toddlers enjoy bathing and may climb into the bath ahead of mother being ready for bath time. To prepare a bath, cold water should be poured into the bath first, and then hot water added to comfort level. The water temperature can be tested with an elbow to indicate safety of the water.

Children should never be left unsupervised in the bath as drowning can occur in shallow water. Teach children which taps are for hot water, and which for cold. The bath, bath tub and buckets should be emptied immediately after use.

Outside The braai area is the most common high-risk area for burns. After cooking is finished, the braai fire should be put out with water. When ground-level fires are extinguished with sand, feet burn injuries frequently occur, because children play in the area and run over the coals without recognising the danger.

Swimming pool chemicals, paraffin and paint thinners need lock-up space for safety. Petrol, paraffin and oil fires can be put out with sand or a fire extinguisher. Teach your children to stop, drop and roll if their clothes have caught alight. Fireworks can be hazardous and should only be lighted in a designated controlled area under adult supervision.

Finally, always use candles safely. We recommend using a large recycled glass, with dry sand and a household candle cut in half. Never leave candles burning when you go to bed or leave a room. 

When there is a fire inside your home: • Warn people inside the house to get out safely.

• Help people to get out and stay out of harm’s way.

• If there is a lot of smoke, crawl out below the smoke to escape the fire.

• Where possible, have more than one exit from your house, with clear routes to the door.

What to do in case of a minor burn: 1. Remove the victim from the source of danger.

2. Cool the burn with cold water.

3. Cover the burn with a clean cloth or clean plastic.

4. Take the patient to the nearest clinic or hospital to see a doctor.

5. In case of an emergency, please call 10111.

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www.telfast.co.za / www.telfast.co.za / www.telfast.co.za /

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TelfastZA TelfastZA TelfastZA

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health

Acid reflux

why is this uncomfortable condition on the increase?

It feels like a burning pain in the lower chest area. It is often worse after eating, in the evening or when lying down or bending over. Sometimes it can even cause a bitter or acidic taste in your mouth. For the millions of people globally who suffer from acid reflux, these symptoms will sound all too familiar.

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health

A

cid reflux is a common condition that features a burning pain, known as heartburn, in the chest area just behind your breastbone.

It happens when stomach contents, which includes food and acidic digestive juices, escape upwards into the gullet or oesophagus.

While occasional heartburn is no cause for alarm, what is alarming is that the number of people who experience acid reflux at least once a week has gone up by nearly 50%. A study conducted by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in 2011 found that the number of people who experienced the symptoms of acid reflux at least once a week had risen by 47% over the previous decade.

This was apparent in both men and women and across

all ages, although middle age appeared to be when the most severe symptoms occurred. One of the main reasons for this overall increase could be most likely related to the increase in people being overweight and obese.

Besides being overweight, other risk factors include smoking, low levels of physical exercise and the use of certain medications, which include, amongst others, anti-depressants and some painkillers. Foods that exacerbate acid reflux include caffeine, alcohol, a high intake of salt, a low fibre diet, eating large meals, lying down within a few hours of eating a meal and consuming chocolate, carbonated drinks, and acidic juices.

Pregnancy can also cause acid reflux.

In fact, heartburn can affect up to 85% of pregnant women, with many women experiencing heartburn during all three trimesters. The increase in the hormone progesterone during pregnancy causes the valve between the stomach and the oesophagus to relax, which allows stomach acid to pass into the oesophagus and irritate the lining, causing a burning sensation.

As people get older, they are also more likely to suffer from an increased incidence of acid reflux. This is because as you age, your muscles weaken, including the lower oesophageal sphincter, which controls the opening between the oesophagus and the stomach.

Fortunately, most people can manage the discomfort of

heartburn with lifestyle changes and over the counter medications.

One of the most effective ways to treat acid reflux is to avoid the foods and beverages that trigger symptoms.

This includes eating smaller meals more frequently throughout the day and potentially changing the types of foods you are eating, quitting smoking, raising your pillow when lying down and eating at least two to three hours before sleeping. Most importantly, you should make diet and exercise changes if you are overweight.

Antacid suspension Gelusil PlusÂŽ is a treatment to relieve acid reflux. It has a dual mode of action that neutralises stomach acid whilst creating a barrier in the stomach to reduce acid reflux into the oesophagus. It is indicated for heartburn during pregnancy, with a recommended dosage of 10-20ml after meals and before bedtime.

Gelusil SÂŽ tablets are indicated for the relief of hyperacidity and flatulence associated with heartburn, gastritis and acid indigestion, and as a supplementary treatment for patients with peptic ulcers.

Heartburn that is more frequent or interferes with your daily routine may be a symptom of a more serious condition, which requires medical care. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist about ways to relieve and treat heartburn or if you are worried about your condition.  For more information, visit pregomega.co.za/gelusilplus/

Heartburn can affect up to 85% of pregnant women, with many women experiencing heartburn during all three trimesters. www.babysandbeyond.co.za

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Help

STOP the spread of

COVID-19

Clean your hands thoroughly and regularly with an alcohol-based hand sanitiser or use soap and water. Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds when using soap and water. Hum the “Happy birthday” song twice to help you determine how long you should wash your hands for.

Keep a distance of at least 1.5 – 2 metres between yourself and others. When someone coughs, sneezes or speaks, they spray small liquid droplets which may contain the virus.

FEEL ALIVE Gentle on the stomach.

Great taste.

Suitable for children Safe during pregnancy Vegan friendly www.blueiron.co.za

Avoid crowded places. You are more likely to come into close contact with someone that might have the virus.

Avoid touching your mouth, nose or eyes. Why? Your hands touch many surfaces, which might be contaminated with the virus. You can then transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth by touching them. From there, the virus can enter your body and infect you.

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or bent

Hum the “Happy birthday” song twice to help you determine how long you should wash your hands for.

elbow when you cough or sneeze.

Immediately dispose the used tissue, and sanitise or wash your hands thoroughly.

Stay home when you feel sick.

Self-isolate even with minor symptoms such as a cough, headache or mild fever. If it’s necessary to leave your home, wear your mask to avoid infecting others.

Should your symptoms worsen, seek immediate medical attention by telephonic consultation for directions to your local health facility. This will also protect you and help prevent the spread of the virus.

Keep up to date with the latest information from trusted sources like your local or national health authorities or the World Health Organisation (WHO).

Only go to shops for groceries if absolutely necessary. An alternative option is to order online and sanitising the items immediately after receiving them. 

Constipation Constipation explained explained Being constipated means your bowel Being constipated means your bowel 1 1 movements areare tough and happen less often. movements tough and happen less often.

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References: 1. What is constipation?

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WebMD Medical Reference.

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by M M Khatri.13 November 2017.2017.

Available online at: https://www.webmd.com/digestiveKhatri.13 November Available online at: Khatri.13 November 2017.

Available online at: https://www.webmd.com/digestivehttps://www.webmd.com/digestivedisorders/digestive-diseases-constipation#1-2 Accessed 26 February 2020. disorders/digestive-diseases-constipation#1-2 Accessed 26 2020. disorders/digestive-diseases-constipation#1-2 Accessed 26 February February 2020.

LACSON. Reg.Reg. No.: No.: Z/11.5/0055.

EachEach 5 ml55medicine measure contains LACSON. Z/11.5/0055. ml measure contains LACSON. Reg. No.: Z/11.5/0055.

Each ml medicine medicine measure contains

lactulose lactulose3,33,3g g

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health

Infertility: Don’t wait until it’s too late

By Dr Sulaiman Heylen Parenthood is undeniably one of the most universally desired goals in adulthood, and most people have life plans that include children.

However, not all couples who want a pregnancy will achieve one spontaneously and a proportion will need to seek medical treatment to help resolve underlying fertility problems. It’s therefore understandable that infertility has been recognised as a public health issue worldwide by the World Health Organisation (WHO).

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“I

nfertility is when you cannot get or stay pregnant after trying for at least a year and you are under the age of 35,” says Dr Sulaiman Heylen, President of the Southern African Society of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecological Endoscopy (SASREG).

One in every four couples in developing countries is affected by infertility, while one in six couples worldwide experience some form of infertility problem at least once during their reproductive lifetime. The current prevalence of infertility lasting for at least 12 months is estimated to affect between 8 to 12% worldwide for women aged 20 to 44.

In recent years, the number of couples

seeking treatment for infertility has dramatically increased due to factors such as postponement of childbearing in women, development of newer and more successful techniques for infertility treatment, and increasing awareness of available services. This increasing participation in fertility treatment has also raised awareness and inspired investigation into the psychological ramifications of infertility. It can cause stress, depression and anxiety, which is why it is important to know that there are options available for treatment.

Age is a key factor

“Up to 50% of all patients who visit a fertility centre are 35 or older. We cannot stress enough how important it is for www.babysandbeyond.co.za

health

people not to wait too long when they consider having children. Young women need to be aware that there is a slow decline in fertility from their 20s until the age of 35, after which it starts to decrease rapidly until the age of 45,” says Dr Heylen.

“It’s extremely important for couples to investigate fertility options and fertility preservation earlier in life, rather than leaving it too late. A woman who is not ready to have a child can choose to freeze her eggs to try to preserve her ability to have a child later,” says Dr Heylen.

It’s estimated that 20 to 30% of infertility cases are explained by www.babysandbeyond.co.za

physiological causes in men, 20 to 35% by physiological causes in women, and 25 to 40% of cases are because of a problem in both partners. In 10 to 20% no cause is found. Infertility is also associated

with lifestyle factors such as smoking, body weight and stress. A woman’s age is one of the most important factors affecting whether she is able to conceive and give birth to a healthy child.

This is due to several changes that are a natural part of ageing: The number and quality of eggs (ovarian reserve) decreases naturally and progressively from the time a woman is born until the time she reaches menopause.

It is not only more difficult to get pregnant (conceive), but miscarriage and chromosomal abnormalities in the child (such as Down syndrome) are more common in older mothers.

Fibroids, endometriosis, and tubal disease are more common and can affect fertility.

Women who become pregnant at an older age have a higher risk of complications during the pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.

75

health The decrease in a man’s fertility appears to occur later in life than in a woman’s fertility. In their mid-to-late 40s, men experience changes in their sperm that can cause issues with fertility, and chromosomal or developmental problems with their children.

from one of her ovaries (ovulation).

• A man’s sperm must join with the egg along the way (fertilise).

• The fertilised egg must go through a fallopian tube toward the uterus.

• The fertilised egg must attach to the inside of the uterus (implantation).

If no cause can be determined at this point, more specific tests may be recommended. For women, these include an analysis of ovulation, x-ray of the fallopian tubes and uterus, and laparoscopy. For men, initial tests focus on semen analysis.

Lifestyle and family history

Infertility may result from a problem with any or several of these steps.

For the pregnancy to continue to full term, the embryo must be healthy and the woman’s hormonal environment adequate for its development. When just one of these factors is impaired, infertility can result.

“Based on the results of the specific tests, a treatment plan will be made which can include medication, surgery or assisted reproduction,” says Dr Heylen.

If you have any of the following risk factors, you may also consider seeking advice earlier: • Family history (i.e., mother or sister) of early menopause (before age 51) • History of cigarette smoking in either partner • Previous ovarian surgery • Exposure to chemotherapy or radiation to treat cancer in either partner • Shortening in the time between periods • Skipped or missed periods • History of injury to the testicles • Exposure to toxic chemicals (certain pesticides or solvents)

Pregnancy is a complex process

Pregnancy is the result of a process that has many steps. To get pregnant: • A woman’s body must release an egg

Couples, dependent on the ages of the partners, are generally advised to seek medical help if they are unable to achieve pregnancy after a year of unprotected intercourse. The doctor will conduct a physical examination of both partners to determine their general state of health and to evaluate physical disorders that may be causing infertility. Usually both partners are interviewed about their sexual habits in order to determine whether intercourse is taking place properly for conception.

Treatment options

Not all couples who desire a pregnancy will achieve one spontaneously and some will need medical help to resolve underlying fertility problems. It is now estimated that more than 9 million babies have been born worldwide since the first IVF baby was born in 1978.

Most assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments take place in women aged between 30 and 39. The most common fertilisation technique is ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection).

Overall, ICSI accounts for around threequarters of all treatments worldwide, and conventional IVF around one-quarter.

Success rates from frozen embryo transfer are increasing, as are the number of frozen cycles. Vitrification, as an efficient cryopreservation technique, has improved the outcome of both embryo and oocyte (immature egg cell) freezing.

Infertility often creates one of the most distressing life crises that a couple has ever experienced together. The long-term inability to conceive a child can evoke significant feelings of loss. Coping with the multitude of medical decisions and the uncertainties that infertility brings can create great emotional upheaval for most couples.

“If you find yourself feeling anxious, depressed, out of control, or isolated, you are not alone,” says Dr Heylen. “Infertility is more common than you may think, but there is no reason to lose hope. Visit a fertility clinic near you to speak to a doctor about the options available to you and your partner.” 

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References: References:1.1.Barthelmess BarthelmessEK, EK,Naz NazRK. RK.Polycystic Polycysticovary ovarysyndrome: syndrome:current currentstatus statusand andfuture futureperspective. perspective.Front FrontBiosci Biosci(Elite (EliteEd).

Ed).2014 2014Jan Jan1;6:104-19.

1;6:104-19.2.2.Sinopol® Sinopol®approved approvedpackage packageinsert, insert,February February2019.

2019.3.3.Rago RagoR,R,Marcucci MarcucciI,I,Leto LetoG,G,etetal. al.Effect Effectofofmyo-inositol myo-inositoland andalpha-lipoic alpha-lipoicacid acidon onoocyte oocyte quality qualityininpolycystic polycysticovary ovarysyndrome syndromenon-obese non-obesewomen womenundergoing undergoingininvitro vitrofertilization: fertilization:aapilot pilotstudy. study.JJBiol BiolRegulators RegulatorsHomeostatic HomeostaticAgents Agents2015;29(4):1-11.

2015;29(4):1-11.4.4.Cappelli CappelliV,V,Musacchio MusacchioMC, MC,Bulfoni BulfoniA,A,etetal. al.Natural Naturalmolecules moleculesfor forthe thetherapy therapyofofhyperandrogenism hyperandrogenismand andmetabolic metabolicdisorders disordersininPCOS. PCOS.Eur Eur Rev RevMed MedPharmacol PharmacolSci Sci2017; 2017;21(2 21(2Suppl):15-29.

Suppl):15-29.5.5.Bellver BellverJ,J,Rodríguez-Tabernero Rodríguez-TaberneroL,L, Robles RoblesA,A,etetal. al.Polycystic Polycysticovary ovarysyndrome syndromethroughout throughoutaawoman’s woman’slife. life.JJAssist AssistReprod ReprodGenet Genet2018;35:25 2018;35:25-39.

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Proprietary Proprietaryname name(and (anddosage dosageform): form):SINOPOL SINOPOL®®granules. granules.Composition: Composition:Each Eachsachet sachetcontains: contains:Myo-inositol Myo-inositol11000 000mg, mg,Alpha AlphaLipoic LipoicAcid Acid400 400mg mgand andFolic FolicAcid Acid200 200µg. µg.Complementary ComplementaryMedicine: Medicine:Health HealthSupplement.

Supplement.D34.12 D34.12Multiple MultipleSubstance Substance formulation. formulation.This Thisunregistered unregisteredmedicine medicinehas hasnot notbeen beenevaluated evaluatedby bySAHPRA SAHPRAfor forits itsquality, quality,safety safetyororintended intendeduse. use.Studies Studiesasaspart partofofthe thereferences referenceswere werenot notconducted conductedon onSinopol Sinopol®®..Name Nameand andbusiness businessaddress addressof ofapplicant: applicant:iNova iNovaPharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals (Pty) (Pty)Limited.

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health

Magnesium

for healthy bones

Many of us may know how important calcium is for healthy bones. But how many of us know that magnesium is just as important?

F

irst and foremost, magnesium is essential for the absorption and metabolism of calcium. It helps transport calcium into the bones. It also prevents us from absorbing too much calcium, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and kidney stones.

Over 60% of the body’s total magnesium supply is stored in our bones. Several studies on both animals and humans have found a direct link between low magnesium levels and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by loss of bone mass due to the deterioration of the bones which become fragile and brittle.

One study of postmenopausal women with either osteoporosis or osteopenia, which is when bones are weaker than normal (prior to developing osteoporosis), found that over 40% of the study participants had low magnesium levels.

But why are so many of us lacking in magnesium? A Western diet rich in processed food and relatively poor in micronutrients seems to be one of the main reason3. By making better food

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

79

health

choices, we can provide better nutrition for our bone health. Green vegetables are an excellent source of magnesium, as are nuts, seeds, unprocessed grains, and some legumes.

Supplementation can also play an important role in improving the health of our bones. A study of women with osteoporosis in Israel reported significantly increased bone mineral density among those women who took a supplement that contained magnesium.

Due to the apparent widespread deficiency of magnesium, and the ongoing recognition of the key role that certain minerals play with regards to bone health, supplementation with magnesium as well as calcium and even Vitamin D is often recommended. In fact, anyone who is taking a calcium supplement should also take magnesium to ensure their calcium intake is properly metabolised.

But don’t think that a healthy magnesium and calcium rich diet and supplementation should only start after menopause.

80

Studies have shown that sufficient magnesium intake in childhood positively relates to bone mass density as you grow older. The bottom line is that building healthy bones throughout your life is the best strategy to prevent osteoporosis later in life.

As with any vitamin and mineral, it is better to focus on a healthy, balanced diet to meet your daily requirements of magnesium, and to use supplements as a backup. But the reality is that not all of us will achieve the recommended daily intake of magnesium, let alone calcium, every day.

B-Cal is South Africa’s number one prescribed calcium range and consists

of six different products, one of which is the new B-CAL-K2, a supplement which contains calcium, magnesium, vitamin C as well as vitamin K2. Not only can a supplement containing these key minerals assist people who are predisposed to osteoporosis, but a supplement containing magnesium can also assist those who suffer from muscle cramps.

Remember that exercise also plays an important role in maintaining healthy bones. So, get moving, eat your greens and speak to your doctor or pharmacist about whether you might require a supplement.  Visit calciums.co.za for more information. www.babysandbeyond.co.za

health

Good

hand hygiene

Frequent hand-washing is one of the best ways to avoid getting sick or spreading germs while they accumulate on your hands.

T

ouching your mouth, nose or eyes can cause infections. If you care for babies, older people or sick people, hand washing is especially important because it helps prevent the spread of common infections such as colds, flu and gastroenteritis.

Washing the hands of babies and toddlers are important too. If your child cannot reach a basin, make sure that you clean their hands thoroughly with a disposable wet wipe, but ensure that their hands are properly rinsed and dried.

Special caution needs to be applied when you are in close contact with people with weakened immune systems, since it’s easy for them to catch infections. The infections can also be hard to treat and can be life threatening.

Wash your hands after anything that might contaminate your hands.

For example:

• After you have changed your child’s nappy.

• After visiting the toilet.

• After handling rubbish or anything that might contaminate your hands, like non-surgical chemicals.

• After blowing your nose.

• After sneezing in the palm of your hands.

• After petting dogs or cats.

• Before and after visiting an ill person at home or the hospital.

• Before and after cleaning a wound.

82

Washing your hands with warm soapy water is one of the best options when your hands are visibly dirty. Below are some tips on how to wash your hands and keep them germ-free at all times.

• Make sure to use warm water instead of cold water.

• Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds.

• Normal soap is just as good as antibacterial soap.

• Make sure that you wash your hands thoroughly, in between fingers and at the back of the hands.

• When using a communal bathroom, it’s best to dry your hands with disposable paper towels instead of an air dryer. Air dryers may like “bacterial bombs”, shooting loads of spores from bathroom air directly onto your hands.

Using a waterless hand wash

An alcohol-based sanitiser is another good way to clean your hands if you don’t have access to water and soap.

Note that sanitiser is only effective if your hands have no visible dirt on them.

Tips for good hand hygiene • Always carry sanitiser and tissues with you.

• Cough or sneeze in your elbow instead of your hands.

• Always encourage children to wash their hands properly and frequently.

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

# Sp r a yi tFor wa rd # Sp r a yS afe

health Anaphylaxis is a sudden and severe allergic reaction that may be life threatening and must be treated as an emergency. Patients who have anaphylaxis or are at risk for anaphylaxis must know how to reduce their risk by preventing exposure to triggers, know how to recognise early signs and be prepared for emergency treatment at any time.

Triggers • Allergens are substances to which you are allergic. These differ from patient to patient. Common triggers of anaphylaxis are foods – eggs, milk, peanuts, nuts, fish, shellfish, sesame, soya and wheat are the most common foods that can cause anaphylaxis.

However, almost any food can cause anaphylaxis.

• Insect stings – Bee venom is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in SA.

84

• Medications – Any medication can cause an allergy. More common causes include antibiotics, pain medication and drugs used during anaesthesia • Other – Latex allergy is less common.

Some people have anaphylaxis only when two triggers are present, such as eating a certain food after exercise.

Some people have anaphylaxis without any cause being identified.

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health

Anaphylaxis and how to treat it Symptoms • Symptoms of anaphylaxis occur soon after exposure to an allergen, usually within 15 minutes to 1 hour.

• The fast onset and worsening of anaphylaxis makes it a very dangerous condition.

• It is important to realise that the symptoms of anaphylaxis can range from mild skin changes and swelling of the face to life-threatening lung and heart involvement.

• Skin signs include flushing, redness, itching, hives and local swelling, especially of the face.

• Abdominal symptoms include cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

• The most life-threatening features of anaphylaxis involve the respiratory system and the heart.

• Respiratory involvement can cause swelling of the upper airways such as the tongue, the back of the throat and the area of the voice box or larynx.

This may start with a hoarse voice and a persistent dry cough and then progress to throat tightness, causing difficulty breathing. The airways of the lung may be involved, causing chest tightness and a wheezing noise.

• Symptoms involving the heart and circulation are the most severe and include a sudden drop in blood pressure, irregular heartbeat and general collapse.

What happens in anaphylaxis?

• Why some people become allergic to allergens such as foods, venoms or medicines is not well understood.

• What is known is that a special type of antibody, Immunoglobulin E (IgE), is produced by allergic people who have become sensitised to that specific allergen.

• These antibodies recognise the allergens and bind to them, causing the release of very powerful chemical substances such as histamine from certain cells in body.

• These chemicals result in the symptoms of anaphylaxis.

• The body’s natural response to anaphylaxis is to release a chemical called adrenaline. Adrenaline, the fight or flight chemical, is the natural antidote to the anaphylactic reaction.

Treatment

Anaphylaxis can be prevented and treated.

Identifying triggers and avoiding them is far better than treating an anaphylactic reaction. Anaphylaxis must be recognised early and treated quickly before it progresses.

Important: Call for medical help • The most effective treatment for the serious effects of anaphylaxis is adrenaline. Adrenaline must be injected into a muscle as soon as anaphylaxis occurs. If someone has an emergency www.babysandbeyond.co.za

85

health injection with them, either assist them to inject it into the large muscle of their thigh, or inject it yourself.

• Help avoid shock by lying the person down with their feet raised off the ground.

• Do not give any medication by mouth if the person is having difficulty breathing. Other treatments that can help after adrenaline has been given include antihistamine and steroids.

• Adrenaline given for anaphylaxis saves lives and rapidly reverses the dangerous effects of anaphylaxis.

Prevention • To prevent anaphylaxis, people who have a reaction must identify the trigger and then avoid future exposure.

This is done by a trained allergist taking a good history, doing allergy tests and occasionally by doing specific very controlled challenges.

• People at risk for anaphylaxis must be taught to immediately recognise the early signs of anaphylaxis. They must be provided with an emergency action plan that describes the signs of a mild to moderate attack versus a severe anaphylactic attack, and taught the correct response for either possibility.

Action plan • People at risk for anaphylaxis must wear a Medic Alert disc identifying them as being at risk and also detailing their own unique trigger factors.

• Patients must carry emergency treatment with them at all times and know how to inject themselves with adrenaline in case of a severe attack.

Adrenaline • In your doctor’s surgery or in the emergency department of a hospital, adrenaline is injected using a syringe and needle.

• For non-medical people, adrenaline should preferably be given using an automatic injection device.

• The device simply has to be pressed against the outer aspect of the upper thigh and adrenaline will automatically be injected into the person. The only adrenaline auto-injector in South Africa at present is the EpiPen®.

86

EpiPen® comes in 2 strengths, EpiPen® junior for children between 8 and 25kg, and EpiPen® for adults and children heavier than 25 kg. Large adults may need two EpiPens®.

• Where EpiPen® is not available, patients should carry a vial of adrenaline and a needle in a secure case and will require extensive education and training to teach them to draw up and give the correct dose (0.01ml/kg) in an emergency.

• Remember to check expiry dates on adrenaline and replace immediately if expired, or used for an anaphylaxis episode.

Children and anaphylaxis • Children must always be taught to avoid foods to which they are allergic.

• The school should have a copy of the action plan. Also, the EpiPen® or other emergency kit must be with the child at school and teachers must be fully informed about these risks and be trained to give adrenaline in the case of an emergency.

• Where schools have children who are allergic to a specific food, in particular peanuts, it may be wise to prohibit that specific food from being brought to school by other school children. 

Key Points It is important to consult your doctor if you think you have ever experienced an anaphylaxis attack.

The doctor must assess whether this was anaphylaxis or not. If so, they will provide education, complete an action plan and an application form for a Medic Alert bracelet.

They will also prescribe an automatic adrenaline injector or adrenaline kit for emergency use.

• Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of sudden and life-threatening allergic reaction.

• Foods, insect venoms, antibiotics and some other medications are the

main triggers for anaphylaxis.

• Adrenaline is the essential treatment for anaphylaxis.

• Adrenaline can only be given by injection.

• The EpiPen® is a devise designed for emergency use by people at risk, which injects adrenaline automatically.

• Antihistamines do not reverse the dangerous complications of anaphylaxis and must only be used after adrenaline has been injected.

For more allergy related articles, visit www.allergyfoundation.co.za

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Do you suffer from seasonal allergens?

The air you breathe is

essential

88

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

health Did you know?

Indoor air can be up to 100 times more polluted than outdoor air?

W

ith Spring upon us, a season which is most common for seasonal allergens, purifying the air you breathe combats seasonal allergens and is an effective and natural way to take care of your family’s health.

Why do you need to purify the air you breathe?

• It ensures your family is breathing clean fresh air – indoor air can be up to 100 times more polluted than outdoor air.

• It eliminates airborne allergens released by pets – pets release dander, fur and other airborne allergens into the air in your home (in addition to the smell).

• Removes unpleasant odours – purifying sprays help to get rid of unpleasant odours.

• Helps neutralise cigarette smoke – an air purifier can help trap smoke before it ends up in your upholstery.

• Eliminates the spread of germs – purifiers capture and neutralise unwanted airborne germs.

• Keeps your lungs healthy – purifying your home give you confidence that your lungs will be healthy for years to come.

Consistent exposure to dust, pollen, dander, smoke and other airborne particles can cause long-term breathing and health issues for you and your family.

It is also important to control indoor allergens by keeping surfaces in your www.babysandbeyond.co.za

a natural, uplifting and aromatic atmosphere in your home, work or car, without synthetic chemicals. Apart from providing a pleasant smell, aromatherapy oils can provide respiratory disinfection, decongestant, and psychological benefits. Inhaling essential oils stimulates the olfactory system, the part of the brain connected to smell, including the nose and the brain.  home clean and uncluttered, vacuum at least twice a week, prevent pet dander, prevent pollen from getting inside by keeping windows and doors closed, avoid mould spores, and control cockroaches.

While central air purification systems remove dust, mould, bacteria and viruses from the air circulated throughout your space by your heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, there are natural products like purifying sprays on the market with proven efficacy against bacteria, viruses, pollution and dust mites. Such purifying sprays can limit the source of epidemics and allergens caused by mould and mites.

Purifying sprays do not only clean and purify, but also leave the room with a fresh smell of pure essential oils. Also, natural air-sprays infused with aromatic essential oils creates

Insights from Medical Experts: • Professor Louis-Jean Couderc, a respiratory specialist based at the Foch Hospital in Paris, advises that getting rid of airborne allergens and improving indoor air quality are the first stages in treating respiratory allergies such as asthma.

• According to Dr Chris Etheridge, essential oils and aromatherapy contain powerful compounds which have identifiable modes of action and a wide range of beneficial properties.

• Professor Mark Fielder, an expert in microbiology based at Kingston University, and vice president of the Society for Applied Microbiology agreed and confirms that that there is an increasing interest in the use of natural biocides, and it’s quite likely that using them in combination creates a synergistic effect which enhances their action and reduces the risk of microbial resistance.

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health

Atopic eczema: The signs, triggers and treatment Atopic eczema most often begins in infancy and may persist into adulthood What is atopic eczema?

• The rash of atopic dermatitis starts because the skin cells don’t fit together properly and this makes the skin dry and itchy.

• The skin then reacts easily to irritants and occasionally to food and environmental allergens.

• The skin of a person with atopic eczema has “flares”: episodes where it becomes red, flaky, itchy and vulnerable to infections caused by bacteria.

• It usually starts after the 3rd month of life as a red, oozing rash on the face and outer surfaces of arms and legs. In later childhood the rash usually changes to a dry scaly itchy rash on the inner creases of the elbows and knees.

• Atopic dermatitis in young babies may be confused with cradle cap, while in older children and adults it may be confused with psoriasis.

How can atopic eczema be treated?

Although there is no cure for atopic eczema, it can be treated through a combination of learning what triggers the allergic reactions and medical therapy.

Avoiding triggers

Heat • Hot, humid weather (and occasionally cold, dry weather) can make the rash worse. Getting overheated and sweating a lot can cause problems.

Clothing • Woollen or synthetic clothing may irritate the skin.

• Cotton underwear, clothing and bed linen are recommended. www.babysandbeyond.co.za

Soaps and detergents • Soaps dry out the skin. People with severe eczema should not use soap at all.

• If eczema is very mild, some people do use soap. However, non-perfumed soap with a high moisturiser content is recommended.

• If non-perfumed soaps irritate the skin, then try aqueous cream or an “emollient” as a soap substitute.

• The chlorine in swimming pools may irritate and dry out the skin.

• For washing of clothes, non-biological washing powders should be used, and fabric softeners should be avoided completely.

• Bubble baths, household antiseptics and medicated soaps are best avoided.

Washing • Bath water should be lukewarm rather than too hot.

• Soaking in a bath is fine, as long as moisturising emollients are applied to the skin within three minutes of patting the skin dry (never rub the skin dry).

• Hair should be washed over a bath/ basin to avoid shampoo coming into contact with the skin.

Night-time • Cover as much skin as possible with lightweight cotton clothing, taking care not to overdress or overheat.

• Cotton gloves and short fingernails may reduce skin damage from scratching.

• If house dust mite allergy is present, use special bedding to reduce the amount of house dust mites in the bed.

Immunisations • Routine childhood immunisations

should be given.

• Consult your doctor if you have any concerns about these immunisations.

Medical treatment

Moisturising emollients • Moisturising ointments are the most important treatments for eczema.

• They work by making an oily layer on top of the skin, preventing the water from getting out and the skin from becoming dry.

• This deals with the underlying problem of eczema and is the single most effective regular treatment.

• Emollients are safe. The moisture does not really penetrate the skin.

Instead, it’s the layer on top of the skin that counts. So, when the emollient can’t be seen or felt properly, it’s time to put on some more.

• They should be applied in large quantities and frequently (with severe eczema as often as possible, even 6 or 8 times a day).

• Instead of scratching, put on more emollient every time the skin itches.

• There are many different emollients available. Some people find that a product irritates their skin; if this occurs another one should be tried.

Most people have their own favourite emollient, depending on how it makes them feel.

• Sometimes coal-tar is used to treat thickened skin.

• Aqueous cream should not be used as a moisturiser (it is likely to irritate skin if it is left on for too long). Aqueous cream is used as a soap substitute but is not an emollient.

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health Finger-tip unit Face and neck

Arm and hand

Age

Front of trunk

Back of trunk

Number of FTUs

3 - 6 months

1

1

1½

1

1½

1 - 2 years

1½

1½

2

2

3

3 - 5 years

1½

2

3

3

3½

6 - 10 years

2

2½

4½

3½

5

Steroid creams • Steroid / cortisone / corticosteroid creams and ointments work against the inflammation in the skin.

• They are the most effective therapy for rapid relief and are used to settle eczema flare-ups.

• Steroid ointments must be used when there is a flare. During a flare the skin is being damaged by the eczema and the steroid ointment will prevent that damage.

• Once a flare is under control a lower strength ointment should be used and then slowly reduced until it can be stopped and just the emollient continued.

• Emollients must be continued at the same time as the steroid ointments are used. Most people advise the steroid ointment is applied directly to the skin with a layer of the emollient put on top of this to seal it in.

• Steroids can be used with “the fingertip method” so that enough is used, but not so much as to waste it. A fingertip unit is the amount of ointment squeezed from a tube from the last skin-crease to the tip of the index finger of an adult. The number of finger-tip units you need on different parts of the body depends on the child’s age.

• Steroids come in different strengths, from very mild to very strong.

• Very strong steroid ointments must not be used all the time, especially on normal skin as they can then have

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Leg and foot

side effects, such as thinning of the skin. Mild steroids have very few side effects.

• Cortisone tablets or injections are not recommended. While they may provide short term improvement, they may also cause a worsening of eczema and have very unpleasant side effects.

Wet wraps • Wet wraps or occlusive dressings are used to treat severe atopic eczema or severe flares. Wet wraps can be easily applied at home after you have been taught how to use them.

Antibiotics • Eczema sufferers are more prone to infections on the skin. These can be caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses such as herpes and the common wart.

• Antibiotic creams and occasionally oral antibiotics are used to treat infected eczema, which may present as sudden development of crusting, oozing and redness of the skin.

Antihistamines • The older sedating-type antihistamine tablets or syrups may reduce itching, especially at night.

• Antihistamine creams are usually not effective at all and can irritate the skin. They should be avoided.  For more allergy related articles, visit www.allergyfoundation.co.za

Prevention General allergy prevention measures should be taken for “high risk infants”: those with parents or siblings who have allergies.

• Parents should not smoke during and after pregnancy and after birth. Children should preferably be breastfed until at least four months of age.

• The evidence for the use of probiotics during and after pregnancy is not certain, but it seems as if it may have some effects on reducing eczema.

• It may be useful to put emollients on the skin of high-risk babies even before any symptoms of eczema occur.

• About 30% of young children with moderate to severe or difficult to control eczema will develop food allergies. This is much rarer in children with mild or moderate eczema.

• It is important that a proper diagnosis of food allergy is made before making any changes to the diet of young infants. This is best assessed by a doctor with a special interest in food allergies.

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

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Face cream acne prone skin – 100ml – R250.00 | Available at www.ohmyhealth.co.za

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health health www.babysandbeyond.co.za

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pregnancy

Anaemia in

pregnancy

By Dr Kim Sonntag

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Dr Kim Sonntag is a specialist obstetrician and gynaecologist working at Life Kingsbury Hospital. She has a specialised interest in high risk obstetrics and fetal medicine.

Visit www.drkimsonntag.co.za for more info.

Are you pregnant and feeling tired and exhausted all the time? While fatigue is common in pregnancy, you also might be anaemic. Anaemia is quite common in pregnancy and is defined as a low number of red blood cells diagnosed on a routine blood test. This means that there are fewer red blood cells to carry oxygen around your body, which leaves one feeling tired and weak. If untreated it can lead to serious complications. www.babysandbeyond.co.za

pregnancy

A

naemia can be diagnosed by measuring haemoglobin and is defined as a haemoglobin concentration of less than 11g/dL. Haemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells which carries oxygen around the body and to the baby. In cases of anaemia, there are not enough healthy red blood cells to do this. Anaemia occurs frequently in pregnancy because there is an increased blood volume, which requires an increased production of red blood cells. This in turns means your body requires more iron to make sufficient new red blood cells and often this may not happen as quickly as it should, leaving you anaemic.

Causes of anaemia Acquired

Hereditary/Genetric

Iron deficiency Thalassaemia Folate deficiency Sickle cell disease Blood loss Drug-induced anaemia Aplastic anaemia Vitamin B12 deficiency Leukaemia Hodgkin's disease HIV/AIDS

Iron deficiency anaemia

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia and is caused by not having enough iron in the diet. A deficiency in iron causes the body to not have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of haemoglobin. Therefore, there is a decrease in the amount of oxygen that is carried in the body.

Iron can be found in many foods such as: • red meat, poultry, fish; • dark, green vegetables; • beans, lentils, nuts; and • eggs.

Folate deficiency

Folate is a subtype of the B vitamin, found in green, leafy vegetables. Folate is used to produce new cells, especially red blood cells. Folate supplementation is recommended in pregnancy, as a deficiency can result in birth defects such as spina bifida. www.babysandbeyond.co.za

Vitamin B12 deficiency Vitamin B12 is also used to produce red blood cells and is found in meat and dairy products (milk, eggs).

Risks of anaemia

It is normal to have mild anaemia in pregnancy. Women more at risk of anaemia include women who: • are pregnant with twins; • had two pregnancies close together; • are vegans and vegetarians; • had heavy periods before falling pregnant; and • had anaemia previously.

Women with anaemia are more at risk of: • delivering a preterm baby or a low birth weight baby; • needing a blood transfusion; • postpartum depression; • having an anaemic baby; and • a weakened immune system.

Symptoms of anaemia

Symptoms of anaemia in a pregnant woman are similar to those in a nonpregnant woman. These include tiredness, fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations (sensation of your heart beating strongly) dizziness, headache and pica (a craving for unnatural items such as soil, ice or chalk). On examination one would appear pale, have a tachycardia (high heart rate) and even a possible heart murmur.

Management of anaemia

At first pregnancy consultation with a doctor, nurse or at a clinic, blood should be taken to measure the haemoglobin. The haemoglobin will usually be measured again later in the pregnancy. Pregnancy vitamins all contain iron, which will treat and prevent anaemia. If there anaemia is detected, then additional iron supplementation might be necessary. Iron supplements may have side effects such as gastrointestinal upset and constipation. Vitamin C can aid iron absorption and is found in citrus fruits and juices, tomatoes and kiwi fruit.

If anaemia is very severe, an iron or blood transfusion may be necessary. With a blood transfusion, your blood will be matched at the blood bank to ensure that the right type of blood is administered. This is then administered intravenously (into your vein).

This needs to be done in a hospital setting, as there is a risk of a transfusion reaction.

Iron infusions can be given if there is predominantly an iron deficiency, which is responsible for the anaemia. This will also need to be given intravenously with a medical practitioner supervising.

There will be blood loss during delivery, whether it is a vaginal or caesarean delivery.

Therefore, it is important to treat anaemia early in pregnancy to counteract the blood loss during delivery. Anaemia will not interfere with lactation and breast feeding, but it is advised to use supplements even during lactation. 

97

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Grilled spicy lemon

recipes

garlic prawn salad A burst of spice, complimenting the zest of lemon and the natural sweetness of prawns. All of these elements amplify the flavour and may also amplify your health by boosting your immune system.

Perfect for the braai, to entertain guests or just treat yourself.

Serves: 4 people Time: 25 min

Ingredients • B-well Extra Virgin Olive Oil • 500 g of prawns, tiger prawns preferred, shelled, deveined and tails still on • Bamboo skewers, soaked in water • 1 lemon, cut into wedges

Salad

• 2 ripe avocados, sliced • 2 romaine (cos) lettuce, cleaned and separated • 1 cucu mber, thinly sliced • 1 pinch sea salt • 1 red bell pepper, thinly sliced • 1 cup feta cheese, optional • Slices of lemon/lime, for serving

Marinade

• 4 Tbsp B-well Original Tangy Mayonnaise • 2 Tbsp B-well Extra Virgin Olive Oil • ¼ cup fresh coriander, chopped (use ½, keep ½ for salad) • 3 garlic cloves, minced • ½ tsp garam masala • ¼ - ½ tsp chilli powder, as desired • 2 Tbsp lemon juice • ¼ turmeric powder • ½ salt, or to taste • Fresh parsley, finely chopped (garnish) • Sprinkle of black pepper www.babysandbeyond.co.za

Instructions 1. Mix all the ingredients of the marinade in a bowl. Stir to combine well.

2. Add the clean prawns to the bowl, covering each prawn in marinade and marinate for at least 2 hours, preferably overnight.

3. Make the salad by adding all the ingredients to a bowl and toss it together.

Set aside in the fridge until serving.

4. Thread the prawn onto the bamboo skewers, set aside.

5. Grill the prawns on a grill on both sides, until they are cooked and slightly charred on the surface.

6. Baste with B-well Extra Virgin Olive Oil while grilling. If you are using an oven, line a baking sheet with aluminium foil or baking paper and arrange the prawn skewers in a single layer. Using a small brush, baste both sides of the shrimp with the B-well Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Roast for 10 minutes or until the prawns are cooked.

Broil for 1 minute or until the top surface is slightly charred.

7. Remove from the grill (or oven), garnish with chopped coriander and serve immediately with lemon wedges, a delicious fresh salad and a drizzle of B-well Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Enjoy the tasty flavour experience.

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recipes

Serves: 6 people Time: 35 min

Ingredients • 30 ml olive oil • 1 onion, finely chopped • 250g smoked bacon bits (or streaky bacon, finely chopped) • 250g button mushrooms, finely chopped (save a few sliced mushrooms as toppings) • 1 punnet parsley/chives, finely chopped • 250 ml cream • 3 XL eggs • 10 ml Dijon mustard • 1/2 cup mature cheddar cheese (optional) • Salt and pepper

This high-protein quiche is carb clever and a stunning addition to your party canapés.

The finer you cut the fillings (a food processor works wonders), the easier it will be to slice. Best sliced when cold, but served warm or at room temperature.

Crustless mushroom,

bacon and herb quiche triangles

Instructions 1.

Heat the oil in a large wide pan and fry the onion until soft. Add the bacon and fry until golden, breaking up lumps with your spatula as you fry. Add the mushrooms and fry until the mushrooms are cooked and have released their moisture. Set aside to cool slightly.

2.

In a mixing bowl, add the herbs, cream, eggs, mustard and cheese.

Season with salt and pepper and whisk to combine. Add the fried mushroom mixture and mix well.

3.

Preheat the oven to 200°C. Spray a medium size rectangular baking dish with non-stick baking spray. Pour the quiche mixture into the tin and use a spatula to distribute it evenly. Top with sliced mushrooms (optional), then bake for 25 minutes or until cooked and golden. Remove and leave to cool completely before slicing into triangles. Serve warm or at room temperature (can easily be reheated in the microwave).

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www.babysandbeyond.co.za

FRESH EGGS NOURISH THE BODY AND MIND

recipes

This beautiful looking quiche leaves a great first impression.

Whether it’s brunch or lunch, the combination of flavours “just work”.

Tomato, salami,

basil and olive quiche Serves: 8-10 people

|

Time: 40 min

Ingredients • 1 large tomato • B-well Olive Canola Oil • 50g parmesan • 200g cheddar cheese • Handful of feta cheese

• 10 olive halves • 8 thin slices of salami • 2 eggs • 285ml pot double cream • 2 tsp salt

• 1 tsp black pepper • Handful of basil leaves, shredded (plus a few small ones left whole for garnishing) • Store-bought puff pastry

Instructions 1.

Preheat oven to 200°C and grease a 23cm diameter flan pan.

2.

Use store-bought pastry to line the base and sides of the pan.

3.

Blind bake the pastry by placing a sheet of baking paper over it and pouring enough uncooked rice or beans over the paper to completely cover the base. Bake for 10 minutes, then remove from oven and discard paper and rice. Reduce oven temperature to 180°C. 4.

Combine eggs, cream, salt and pepper in a jug and whisk together.

5.

Pour over mixture in the pastry case.

6.

Grate cheddar and sprinkle over the top of the quiche.

7.

Bake the quiche for 30 minutes and briefly remove from the oven.

8.

Layer thinly sliced tomatoes, small feta cubes, halved olives, parmesan and salami over the top of the quiche.

9.

Return to oven and bake for 5 minutes.

10. Remove from oven and sprinkle shredded and whole basil.

11. Drizzle over some B-well Olive Canola Oil and serve.

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www.babysandbeyond.co.za

CELEBRATE CELEBRATETHE THESPIRIT SPIRITOF OF

UBUNTU UBUNTU

THIS THISHERITAGE HERITAGEMONTH MONTH

It’s It’smore morethan thanjust justrice, rice,it’s it’sTastic Tastic

3

nutrition

Reasons why oats should be your superfood of choice

By Kershnee Kallee, marketing manager for Jungle Oats

Many fruits, vegetables and seeds have earned the label of a superfood, since they contain essential nutrients.

However, in spite of their many health benefits, there is still a common misconception that eating healthy is expensive, which is why many consumers tend to overlook these healthy foods.

104

body, helping with physical and mental wellbeing. In addition to being packed with fibre to aid digestion, oats are also low in GI, which helps restore natural sustained energy and is low in sodium, which can help reduce the risk of high blood pressure – a risk factor for heart disease.

Protects the heart

K

ershnee Kallee, marketing manager for Jungle Oats, says that one very affordable superfood that has proven itself time and time again, is oats. “Jungle Oats specifically has remained a household favourite for 100 years simply because it ticks all the boxes for those wanting to live a healthy lifestyle.” Below Kallee explains why oats contained in Jungle Oats, Tiger Large Flakes and Oat Bran should play a key role in the lives of all South Africans.

Packed with health benefits

Oats, a supergrain, is a natural superfood that contains a selection of health benefits that all work together to fuel the

Oats naturally contains beta-glucan – a type of natural fibre that helps lower blood cholesterol levels – keeping you and your heart healthy. Soluble fibre from foods such as Jungle Oats, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, can help reduce the risk of heart disease.

The recommended daily intake of beta-glucan is 3g, of which 1,5g can be consumed through a single serving of Jungle Oats.

No need to break the bank The versatility and affordability of oats mean that consumers can easily incorporate this superfood into their daily meal plans. In comparison to other breakfast cereals, Jungle Oats can be enjoyed for less than R1.50 per serving. Furthermore, many view oats as a breakfast option only, but this is not the case. Oats can be used in a variety of dishes, including snacks, lunches and dinners.

In addition to keeping your insides in top shape, oats have also proven to be an essential part of many people’s beauty regimes, as they help to exfoliate and moisturise the skin.  www.babysandbeyond.co.za

home remedies

Being sick isn’t fun.

Body aches, fever, chills, and nasal congestion can be enough to make anyone feel out of sorts.

There are many home remedies that can ease your symptoms and get you back to feeling like your old self. Keep reading to see what cold and flu remedies you can make at home.

Healing power of

natural remedies

108

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

home remedies Ginger

Garlic

Tumeric People have used turmeric for a variety of health conditions for thousands of years. One of its compounds, curcumin, may have antiinflammatory properties.

Because inflammation is one of the causes of arthritis symptoms, turmeric may help people with arthritis pain and stiffness.

Garlic is traditionally used to treat colds and coughs. It's also reported to boost the immune system and help ease asthma symptoms.

Traditional Arab healers recommended garlic to help treat heart disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, toothache, constipation and infections.

While the best-researched use of ginger is in combating nausea and vomiting, studies have shown that ginger is a multi-faceted remedy with at least six more healing effects. It also reduces pain and inflammation, making it valuable in managing arthritis, headaches, and menstrual cramps.

How to use ginger as a remedy: • To make ginger tea at home, combine two teaspoons (9.8 ml) fresh or dried ginger in one cup of boiling water. Let it steep for five minutes, then strain the liquid to remove the ginger before drinking.

Drink ginger tea up to three times per day for relief.

How to use garlic as a remedy: • Generally, clean a single garlic clove, chew and swallow daily.

• You can also add a fresh garlic clove with rooibos tea, infused with honey and ginger.

How to use turmeric as a remedy: • Boil 2 cups of water with 1 teaspoon of turmeric powder and 1/2 teaspoon of black pepper.

• Let it simmer for 10 to 15 minutes.

• Add lemon, honey, or milk to taste.

www.babysandbeyond.co.za

109

home remedies Honey Raw honey has a variety of health benefits. It’s a good source of antioxidants, heals wounds, soothes sore throats, and has antibacterial and antifungal properties.

How to use honey as a remedy: • Honey can be used with warm lemon water or tea.

• It can also be rubbed on wounds, serving as an effective germ killer and also aiding in tissue regeneration.

Buchu Buchu remains a popular ingredient in over-the-counter herbal diuretic preparations.

Historically, buchu has been used to treat inflammation, and kidney and urinary tract infections; as a diuretic and as a stomach tonic. Other uses include carminative action and treatment of cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, and gout.

How to use buchu as a remedy: • You can either boil buchu with water and consume as a tea or buy over-the-counter buchu products for various ailments.

Fenugreek Fenugreek has been shown to relieve the pain associated with labour and it also helps lessen the duration of the contractions. Consuming fenugreek during pregnancy can also help stabilise sugar levels. Fenugreek is a natural fortifier for the immune system as well as a system cleanser.

How to use fenugreek as a remedy: • Soak a few seeds overnight in water, strain the liquid in the morning and drink.

110

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diy arts & crafts

Quick Project:

Flowerpot makeover

Buy new concrete flowerpots and give them a spray paint makeover

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It’s difficult to find decent flowerpots out there. Pop into your hardware store and grab a selection of small, medium and large concrete pots and give them a spray paint makeover.

Maya concrete pots are ideal for a spray paint makeover

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diy arts & crafts

2

Use painter's tape Don’t bother using masking tape for painting projects – painter’s tape is much better. The sticky side of masking tape is useless in most situations and is just a waste of time and effort.

The best product to use is painter's tape.

This blue tape has far more tack on the back but not enough so that it pulls off your painted finish. You can also apply this tape almost anywhere and can even curve it around circular or round objects, as it has some flexibility.

Another great reason for using painter's tape for all your painting projects is the fact that paint doesn't bleed underneath the edge of the tape, which it almost always does when using masking tape. As long as you make sure to press the edges down you won't have any paint bleed.

3

Apply tape properly Is there a wrong or right way to apply tape? There is when it comes to your painting projects. If you want a professional finish for all your painting projects, take the time to apply it properly. In this instance, we are masking off for stripes around the pots, and it is important to get the thickness of the stripes right. Otherwise, you will end up with wavy, uneven stripes that you will have to repaint.

Measure and mark the location for any strips and then apply the tape along these marks for perfectly straight and even stripes.

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diy arts & crafts Prevent overlap marks Another trick you will want to keep in mind when masking off for painting projects is to always ensure that the beginning and ends of the tape line up. If the end of the tape doesn't line up with the beginning, you are going to end up with overlap marks that will spoil your project.

4

5

See how clean and crisp the spray-painted stripes have come out – no bleed

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Keep the cost down Painter's tape is a bit pricier than ordinary masking tape, but you can save a bit of money by also using masking tape on other areas of your painting projects. For example, for this project painter's tape was used to mark off the stripes and prevent bleeding. Masking tape was used to cover up the base of the pots and protect them from overspray.

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crossword Read the articles in the magazine to help you find the answers.

Please complete answers with British spelling (and not American spelling).

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2

3 4

5 7

6

11

8

9

10

12

13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20

21

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Created using the Crossword Maker on TheTeachersCorner.net

Answers:

gingivitis Inflammation of the gums cavity Decayed part of a tooth dentalfloss Soft thread used to clean between teeth sanitiser Always have this on you (especially now during COVID-19) magnesium Almonds, avocados, cashews and dark chocolate are high in this mineral osteoporosis Condition in which bones become fragile anaphylaxis Severe allergic reaction allergen Substance that causes an allergic reaction dander Flakes of skin in a dog's fur pollen Fine powder that comes from trees, grasses, flowers and weeds asthma Difficulty breathing inhaler Handheld device used to help congestion

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Down 2. Condition in which bones become fragile 3. Legume that causes anaphylaxis 4. Also known as eczema 5. Female hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and is crucial for pregnacy 8. Substance that causes an allergic reaction 9. Synonym for heartburn 10. Inflammation of the gums 11. Fine powder that comes from trees, grasses, flowers and weeds 12. Almonds, avocados, cashews and dark chocolate are high in this mineral 16. Flakes of skin in a dog's fur 19. Handheld device used to used to help airways congestion 20. Difficulty breathing oats A superfood acidreflux Synonym for heartburn coffee Stimulant that worsens heartburn peanut Legume that causes anaphylaxis antigen Toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body larynx Known as the "voice box" in humans atopiceczema Causes skin to become itchy, dry, cracked and sore dermatitis Also known as eczema moisturiser Treatment for eczema progesterone Female hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and is crucial for pregnancy

Across 1. Soft thread used to clean between teeth 6. Toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body 7. A superfood 13. Treatment for eczema 14. Known as the 'voice box; in humans 15. Causes skin to become itchy, dry, cracked and sore 17. Always have this on you (especially now during COVID-19) 18. Severe allergic reaction 21. Decayed part of a tooth 22. Stimulant that worsens heartburn

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A father’s influence

Infertility:

Don’t wait until it’s too late ntial finance 5tipsEsse for new fathers

Atopic eczema: The triggers and treatme signs, nt How to treat pollen allergies

Really Decent Books Pearson is proud to distribute this wide range of stimulating books for newborns, toddlers and preschool children.

These books will inspire creative learning which include baby book towers, baby board books, wipe clean activity books, lift the flap books and storybooks.

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book reviews Pop-Up Peekaboo! Monsters | Ages 0-3 | R155.00 This colourful pop-up peekaboo book follows adorable little monsters as they hide around the house. The lively, read-aloud rhymes encourage literacy and early learning, while the surprise pop-up scenes will delight curious pre-schoolers.

Solomon the Lion | Ages 3-6 | R140.00 Solomon is a young lion who can’t fall asleep. He tries sleeping in a tree, like a bat, but that’s not quite right. He tries to snooze in a pond with the hippos, but that doesn’t work, either. How long will it take until he finally falls asleep?

The Pharoah’s Curse | Ages 6-9 | R80.00 Brave, clever and never more than a whisker away from adventure! When the museum's visitors are gone for the day, it's time for the cats to come out to play. The kittens are curious when a rare Egyptian papyrus comes to the museum on loan.

Treasure Hunters 07: The Plunder Down Under | Ages 9-12 | R165.00 The Kidds' parents are in trouble once again and the four siblings must traverse the Australian Outback, recover a pair of stolen gems, and defeat treasure hunting pirates to save them! Cross a vast desert full of deadly creatures, find long-lost treasure, and save their parents?

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