PREFIG GROUP

PREFIGURATIVE ARCHITECTURE

FURNITURE SHED DAVID WILLIAMS LIM WAN CHYIN CHEN ROU ANN ZHOU YITING

WAI YIN CENTRE Cheetam Hill Welcome Centre Wai Yin Society is dedicated to providing services to socially excluded and disadvantaged community and their families in the North West of England. They aim to enhance the well-being of the community in terms of sicial, educational, cultural, health and career development. The centre currently supports hundreds of people from different cultural background daily, providing them support such as job counseling, mental health support and hot dinners. Their main concerns are also offering social, practical and emotional support for women who had suffered domestic violence and the breakdown of family life.

In recent months, the centre is looking into rebuilding their furniture shack situated at the empty lot by the centre. They always have had surrounding residents donating unused or second hand furniture to the centre and no where to keep them, as their previous furniture storage is falling apart and is not waterproof.

Our aim is to redesign the shed with reusable and recycled material in a prefigurative manner. The design and construction of the shed will serve as a pedogogical process for the centre volunteers and local communities (will also alllow the structure to be adapted to different fuction of the community’s choice). This project decommodifies the construction by allowing it to be built by untrained volunteers, and through the function of the space allow for the decommodification of furniture for those in the wider community who have been excluded by market forces from obtaining furniture.

[Before] The previous furniture shack in WaiYin Centre

Education, Training and Employment Support

Women and Parenting Project

Youth Services

Talent Match Project

Older People Services

Mental Health Support

[After] Site after dismantaling of furniture shack

BRIEF Families/Individuals move into unfurnished households either by need or because of emergency. Small or no income through emploment; small income via benefits/universal credit.

TALK WITH MARK Design needs to be watertight, partially insulated and ideally fireproof if possible

Provides windows or equivalent to allow light in during day

FORMATION OF BRTEF Limited amount to spend on daily essentials such as fuel, food and infrastructures like travel in addition to essential white goods and furniture.

Potentially utilise existing material networks actors of community centre; design must be low cost in materials and construction

After essential whte goods such as a fridge and oven/stove, there is only limited money either to be spent on furniture or food etc

Production of design of external furniture storage to be constructed independently

Structure needed to aid people without furniture due neneoliberal forces being unable to provide or after exlusion by the same forces of market.

OUR AIM: Produce the structure in a prefigurative manner and have a final output that operates as a form of disruption against neoliberal forces to aid the overall process for which the structure itself living essesntials

furniture

After all the essentials are bought, not enough is left for furniture leading to poor standards of living in the home which negatively affects the family

Benefits for the individuals and families in community from the construction and resulting system that will utlise the space

Only basic security need be provided and be of a decent size to store large furniture

PROCESS

External network of actors/resources

Prefigurative Architecture Students

Aft

Cheetham Hill Welcome Center

er

Knowledge of production and resources

Offered as Open Source Manual

Proposal/Final Design

Larger furniture storage at Welcome Center

EXTENSION OF NETWORK

EXTENSION OF NETWORK

Utilised by people/ organsation unconnected to network

ess c o Pr

DESIGN PROCESS

PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS Self-construction

EXISTING NETWORK

EXISTING NETWORK External network of actors/resources

Residents/ Volunteers

WHO IS AFFECTED 7.3%

2015: People in the UK in persistent poverty

Source: www.ons.gov.uk

22%

2017: People in the UK in poverty

IN WORKLESS HOUSEHOLDS 63%

2017: Working-age adults + Children

60%

2017: Working-age adults

72%

2017: Children

2011 Census Data Cheetham Hill

IN WORKING HOUSEHOLDS 18%

2017: Working-age adults + Children

16%

2017: Working-age adults

23%

2017: Children

6.6%

Economically active + Unemployed

32.3%

Living in socially rented accomodation

49.8%

With 0 cars or vans in household

2011 Census Data Manchester

Source: www.jrf.org.uk

5.7%

Economically active + Unemployed

31.6%

Living in socially rented accomodation

44.5%

With 0 cars or vans in household

2011 Census Data England -620,000 people in Greater Manchester living in Poverty including 180,000 children, the majority with poor access to infrastructure -585,000 residents in neighbourhoods classed in the most 10% deprived neighbourhoods in the UK

4.4%

Economically active + Unemployed

17.7%

Living in socially rented accomodation

source: www.manchester.ac.uk

26%

With 0 cars or vans in household

Source: www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011

BENEFIT STRUCTURE NEO-LIBERAL STRCUTURE

SELF-ORGANISED STRUCTURES

Government

Local Governments

Wei Yin Society: Cheetham Hill Welcome Centre + other similar local organisations

By reducing government funding to local authorities this has led to a lot of local councils either greatly reducing their social healthcare allowances in order to balance their books or cutting local social provisions entirely. This directly impacts the most vulnerable in society by withdrawing their access to the infrastructure on which they heavily rely because ‘social interaction and organisation is materialised in physical and embodied infrastructures that connect and disconnect flows of energy, resources, materials, goods, information, waste and people’ (Tonkiss 2015). In relation to the provision of furniture or a grant to the local government, only crucial furniture or appliances are able to be applied for directly or there are additional 0% interest loans/advances which can be applied for; though with the funding cuts mentioned there is an additional bureaucracy and other stipulations such as being able to pay back the money within a period of time. All of these things lead to individuals being excluded, a lot of whom have a very small political voice due to their usual dispersal across country; this is something that the bottomup self-organised organisations such as the Wei Yin organisations tries to address in areas where these voices have coalesced such as Cheetham Hill.

Government This potential structure serves to help in decommodification77% of furniture, however it could allow for the entrenchment or reinforcement of the neoliberal governance forces because Government the process may serve to address these issues without the government’s recognition, as Brenner observes, 77%it ‘internalises a neoliberal agenda (for instance, related to a diminished roleCouncil for public institutions and/or an extension Local of market forces) and thus contributes to the further entrenchment Core Funding and extension of neoliberal forces’ (Brenner 2015). Serves as a form of political protest in providing bottom up support for local communities Local Council 2015-2020 and aiming to break the reliance on a government in a neo-liberal system which excludes those in Core Funding need for the furniture. The organisation of a communal space/infrastructure will only seek to expand the 2015-2020 Source: www.ft.com network of individuals and companies in the expanded urban fabric that donate to the foundation over time whilst also allowing for the fast turnover in furniture to be handled in the immediate sense and in the Source: www.ft.com future more so. The same is true in the other sense with a possible larger network of people being able to acquire furniture when unable to do so otherwise.

Government 77%

168/418 Local councils to receive no core funding in 2019/20 budgetary year

Local Council Core Funding 2015-2020 Source: www.ft.com Source: www.ft.com

Source: www.ft.com

Citizens in need of furniture

168/418 Local councils to receive no core funding in 2019/20 budgetary year

SOCIAL BENFIT PROCESSING TIME New Applications Changes to

168/418 Local councils to receive no core funding in 2019/20 budgetary Source: www.manchester.gov.uk year

26.5 days

New Applications 12.4 days

Changes to 1 month

SOCIAL BENFIT PROCESSING TIME 26.5 days

12.4 days

1 month Source: www.manchester.gov.uk

BENEFIT STRUCTURE CRITERIA TO BE MET BEFORE:

CRITERIA TO BE MET BEFORE:

- Must be able to show they can repay loan - Benefit Rules: Must be claiming universal credit/ jobseeker’s allowance/employment and support allowance/income support/pension credit for at least 6 months - Income Rules: must have earned less than £2600 if you’re single and £3600 if part of a couple

- Must be able to show they can repay loan - Benefit Rules: Claimant or partner must be have been claiming income support/income-based jobseeker’s allowance/income-related employment and support allowance/pension credit for at least 26 weeks - Income Rules: circumstances and amount depend on personal circumstances

OTHER

OTHER

- Repayments are usually deducted from monthly universal credit payment

- Repayments is deducted from benefits payments - Each area has a limited amount of money available for social funds

Must repay within a year (18 months in exceptional circumstances)

Singles without dependent children Max. £348

Couples without dependent children Max. £464

Budgeting Advance Min. £100

Must repay within two years

Couples without dependent children Max. £812

Singles without dependent children Max. £NS

Direct application to Local Council

People claiming Universal Credit

*NS: Not specified, depends on circumstances Source: egland.shelter.org.uk

Couples without dependent children Max. £NS

Couples without dependent children Max. £NS

Budgeting Loan Min. £100

People claiming other allowances

People most in need of furniture

USER PROFILE POSSIBILITY OF INTERCEPTION

Rozina

Homeless for a period of time

Secured a tenant in a flat

Have no savings

Could not buy esential items I.e. Bed and fridge

Low paid zero-hours contract job as a cleaner

Have to choose either buy furniture or starve

Wai Yin centre intervened by getting Rozina the furniture that she needs so that she can focus on keeping herself healthy

Conclusion: Some individual have to make the tough choices of either eat or buy some furnitures for their home.

Donald

Sleeps on a mattress that loses its air every night

Can’t share bed with other family members

Is always tired and slacking in school

Embarassed to bring friends home

Can’t share bed with younger brother because he wets his bed, and can’t share with mom because she uses a single bed and is already sharing with sister

Teacher disappointed in him for not paying attention and he’s ashamed for telling her he didnt have a proper bed

Have to choose either buy furniture or starve

Slowly choosing to not go to school eventually

Wai Yin centre intervened by getting helping Donald’s family find a proper bed so he can sleep soundly, hence paying attention in school

Conclusion: Some individual have to make the sacrifice of not having comfortable furniture to rest on, affecting their daily lives

USER PROFILE POSSIBILITY OF INTERCEPTION

Rory and Nimah

Lived with their mother after parent’s seperation

Mom began to misuse alcohol and is unable to support them Although the mother was offered supprt, she was unable to sustain them

Authorities supported their father’s application for full residency Though they were not allowed to make contact with the mother, they are allowed to make her own choices once she turns 18.

Their father’s house were not big enough for the 3 of them, so authorities found a bigger home for them.

But it was unfurnished and far away form anyone they knew. Their meals were cooked in microwave and Rory had to share his father’s bed.

WaiYin Centre intersects by providing them with a second hand stove and some basic furnitures that some kind individuals donated

Conclusion: Some family have to move into a bigger home to fit every family member, but not have the funds to buy new furniture

Vicky

Parents already on low income and three children to care for.

Vicky was diagnosed with cancer Chemotherapy course causes her immune system to be severely compomised, resulting in her being high risk of infection

Family’s disposable income was being eaten up quickly by the travel cost to the hospital

The family washing machine break down and the family have no way of paying for it, and doing without was inconceivale

WaiYin Centre intersects by providing a working washing machine to help out with the family.

Conclusion: Some family have choose between saving their family’s life or having a functioning essential furniture at home

Furniture Network

Lo ca lC o

Wi de rG re at er M a

40% of furniture donated from wider network in more affluent areas further afield

ity un m m Community Centre Storage

Lent to local residents in need

rk wo et rN ste he nc

60% of furniture donated by local residents + frequent users of the centre

ia nt e t Po

rk etwo n f o sion n pa ex r l fo

COMMUNITY CENTRE AROUND MANCHESTER

J

A

I

H

K

A Wai Yin Society Cheetham Hill Welcome Center B Wai Yin Society Main Office C Inveni Venues D Ordall Community Arts Ltd E Procter Youth Center F Wai Yin Society - Sheung Lok Wellbeing Center G Ordsall Community Cafe Ltd H Salford Women’s Center I St. Sebastian’s Community Center J Harpurhey Neighbourhood Center K Age UK L Africa Community Center M St. Luke’s Neighbourhood Center N Pakistani Community Center O Salaam Community Association P Chrysalis Project Q St John’s Center R JNR8 Youth & Community Center

B

C

G

L

F D E M

O

Q

N

P

R Source: yell.com, 2018

EXISTING AND POTENTIAL ACTORS EXISTING AND POTENTIAL ACTORS

Building Maintenance Company

Manchester City Council Instant Space

Salford City Council City Furniture Hire

Cheetham Hill Welcome Center

Furniture Reuse Network

Skills Funding Agency

Community Furniture

University of Manchester

The Furniture Station

FURNITURE RECYCLING CENTRE

A

A B

C

C

A

B

Furniture Recycle Center A Wesley Community Furniture B Sue Ryder Chorlton Cum Hardy C Sue Ryder Manchester Openshaw Furniture Hire A Julie Perry Events Ltd B North West Catering & Event Hire C Table Linen Co D Jig Marquee Hire

D

B

Self Storage A Manchester Central B Manchester Old Trafford Source: yell.com, 2018

MATERIAL MAPPING

Material Library [Timber Pallets]

Properties

Adaptation

Weight

1.72 kg per 3.65 metre (12 feet) roll

Size

1200mm * 800mm

Timber pallet is adaptive for many different use : from a small piece of furniture to housing structure. The scalability is suitable in this project. Most of pallets have similar dimensions which also makes it easier for people to work with.

Durability

average lifecycle of a new wooden pallet is around three years but can be treated to improve weather and resistance

Cost

free

Performance Thermal

Non insulated

Water

Non watertight

Fire

Non fire-resist

Manipulation Tools Labour Skill level Transport Viability

Material Library [Plastic Bottles]

Properties Weight

various

Size

various (7cm*19cm as average)

Durability

stronger when filled with material

Cost

free

Performance Thermal

Non insulated

Water

Water-resist

Fire

Fire-resist

Manipulation Tools Labour Skill level Transport Viability

Adaptation

Material Library [Plastic Sheets and Membrane]

Properties Weight

various

Size

various

Durability

good low-temperature impact strength

Cost

free

Performance Thermal

Non insulated

Water

Water-resist

Fire

Non fire-resist but can be treated with special fire retardant chemicals

Manipulation Tools Labour Skill level Transport Viability

Adaptation

Material Library [Tyres]

Properties

Adaptation

Weight

75/65 R14 = 6.5 - 7.2 kg

Size

most o en 508 mm in diameter

Recycled tyres can be used as building materials because of their good strength and durability. They can be transformed into a piece of furniture as well as a wall when insulated with soil inside.

Durability

strong and durable

Cost

free

Performance Thermal

Non insulated

Water

Water-resist

Fire

Fire-resist

Manipulation Tools Labour Skill level Transport Viability

Material Acquisition [Timber Pallets]

MATERIAL ACQUISITION [ TIMBER PALLETS]

Transport to Sawmill

Transport to Manufacture

Sawmill

Forest Harvest

Pallet Manufacture

Transport to Consumers

Landfill

Reuse as Construction Material

Disposal & Waste

Collected by Waiyin Center

End Consumer

Recylced Pallets go to Manufacture or Other Users

PRECEDENCE STUDIES LA CASA DE LA LLUVIA [de ideas]

Site is located within an illegal Barrio in the hills on the outskirts of Bogotรก. The community found out the work of AXP whilst working on a project involving AXP in San Cristรณbal Sur. As a result they engaged AXP to help them in creating a community hall, which they had not been able to organise on their own due to lack of money and organisation.

The pedagogical self-construction process allowed residents to acquire knowledge of the use and construction with a more readily available material (Guada bamboo) which was also shared with them in a more permanent form as a construction manual.

Together with the decommodification of knowledge, and connections with a new network of actors/resources the community then had the collective ability and right to construct in and adapt their neighbourhood to suit their needs accordingly. It is this pedagogical process and prefigurative practice that we will seek to emulate in our project.

[LEFT] Manual of La Casa de la Lluvia [TOP RIGHT] La Casa de la Lluvia [Middle right] [Middle left] Residents building the community hall from the manual.

f

em g a

to n e

External Actor (AXP Collective)

External network of actors/resources

Potential network for future utilisation

g En

Existing Community

PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS Participatory design + Self-construction + Cultural develoment

Knowledge of production and resources

Community with greater collective knowledge, empowerment and ability to condition their neighbourhood

PRECEDENCE Pallet House Project

Using recycleable New construction Design method I-Beam design were inspired by the fact materials that 84% of the world’s refugees could be housed with a year’s supply of recycled American pallets. The designers at I-Beam Design created the Pallet House Project, a house that could be built with only Pedagogial basic tools and wooden pallets, and is able to be built in lessprocess than one day without requiring much skills.

Low The costdesign form ofis simple Housing problem and provides flexibility in terms on configuration.

Materials of such as plastic sheets and tarps are alsosocial easilyhousing incorporated to Decommodification building materials provide insulation, waterproofing and cooling features. I-beam design provides an ‘IKEA-style assembly instructions for easier put together. We extracted the way they assemble the structure together using wooden structures, creating a frame for the house before nailing the pallets together, stabalizing the structure.

The issue we had with this project is that I beam design is charging 75USD for the manual and the plans for the house although they claim that they are designing for refugees. The commodification of the manual prevents the refugees from using it, and instead only people that are able to fork out that amount of money are able to utilise the design, i.e for their ‘summer home’ and for a backyard structure.

Using recycleable materials Housing problem

Design

New construction method

Pedagogial process Decommodification of building materials

Low cost form of social housing

Commodification of knowledge

[Top right] Prototype built by I-beam design [Middle bottom] [Middle right] House could be modified according to the builder’s liking [LEFT] One of the rendering of the manual from I-Beam design

PRECEDENCE Palettenhaus

Pallettenhaus is a concept that is based on the idea of reusing old wooden pallets which are normally burnt at the end of their life cycle. The designers designed the low cost versions of the paletten house for low cost social building projects, allowing them to build a unit for 1/8th of the price of the upscale version.

We took this project as our precedence to observe the structure and insullation solution for the pallette structure. Standardised wood pallets are available around the world so it is easy to build flexible, modular constructions with them. The construction for Palettenhaus is designed in such a way that it could be insultated with various materials that are available in the area, i.e.cellulose, sand or straw, depending on the location of the construction. With the decommodification of materials, using recyclable easy to acquire materials, we might be able to lower their construction cost down further, so that the centre can put the remainder of their funds to good use.

Using recycleable materials Housing problem

New construction method

Pedagogial process

Low cost form of social housing

Decommodification of building materials

Using recycleable materials Housing problem

Design

Design

New construction method

Pedagogial process Decommodification of building materials

Low cost form of social housing

Commodification of knowledge

[ABOVE] Construction diagrams for the Palletenhaus

[TOP RIGHT] Palettenhaus being displayed at the Venice Biennale 2008 [MIDDLE RIGHT] Exhibition for the structure at Linz [BOTTOM RIGHT] Low cost social housing solution in South Africa

PRECEDENCE Elemental

construction Using recycleable Designstrike New In Iquique, Chile, the community from the slum threatened a hunger if they were allocated to a large high-rise style materials method public-housing. Instead of moving the community far away, pulling them away from opportunities of jobs , education and health that the cities offer, Elemental chose to build half houses close to the original land, each house just big enough to Pedagogial process meet Chile’s minimum standards for low-income housing.

The residents would then expand into the adjacent empty space Low cost form ofon Housing problem of building materials their own time. The residents can take part inDecommodification the building workshops facilitated

by Elemental, and every house comes with a social housing manual covering possible ways they are able to expand their homes using standard and cheap building materials.

Alejandro, the founder of Elemental released the drawings of all his social projects online, made his housing designs available to the public for free. His aim is to provide the material for government agencies and developers who might think it’s “too expensve” to invest in well-designed social housing. With the decommodification Commodification of knowledge, we seek to adapt the idea of open sourcing the manual of the structure, in order to allow not the centre but anybody in need to be able to construct ofonly knowledge their own shack to suit their needs accordingly.

Architects

Global Dissemination

[Below] The drawings Elemental released to the public

Self Reflection

Communities benefit from well designed social housing

[Top right] Quinta Monroy before the residents moved in [Middle right] Villa Verde after construction [Bottom right] Residents extended their housing to the other half of the building, making it their own

SHED

RENDERING

Exploded Axonometric Perspective

MATERIAL ACQUISITION CHART 1

2

3

4 5

Timber Post

Size: 1200mm x 1000mm

Size: various roll sizes

Size: 100mm x 100mm x (2.4~4.3)M 100mm x 50mm x 3M 50mm x 25mm x 3.2M

Quantity: 62

Quantity: -

Quantity: 22 (10 + 3 + 9)

Cost: free upon collection

Cost: free upon collection

Cost: appox. £150

Timber Pallet

4

Polythene Sheeting

5

2

1

3

6

6

Corrugated Sheets

Chipboard

Polystyrene Insulation

Size: 990mm x 2m

Size: 2400mm x 600mm x 18mm

Size: various

Quantity: 8

Quantity: 20

Quantity: -

Cost: free upon collection

Cost: £11 each

Cost: free upon collection

MATERIAL ACQUISITION CHART 7

8

Hinge

9

Tool Kit

Nails, Screws

LED Lighting

Size: 75mm x 49mm

Size: various

Size: -

Quantity: 8

Quantity: approx. 1000

Quantity: 1

Cost: £0.5 each

Cost: £45 total

Cost: £16

10

11

Door Latch

12

Fire Retardant Paint

Waterproof Paint

Size: -

Size: -

Size: -

Quantity: 1

Quantity: unknow

Quantity: 1

Cost: £4

Cost: £27 / L

Cost: £13 / 5L

Material Cost in Total: £480

1

2

x 18 x 288 pallet|1200mmX1000mmX130mm timber plate x 48|230mmX100mmX10mm timber plate x 12|230mmX200mmX10mm

2

x1 plastic sheet|3600mmX3250mm

A

B A x2

x2

x 5 min

x 2 hours

C

B

A

primary wooden plate | 230mmX100mmX10mm

B

secondary wooden plate | 230mmX100mmX10mm

C

pallet | 1200mmX1000mmx130mm

3

3

x 70 x2 corrugated sheets|2000mmX990mmX0.5mm

x5

x 30

chipboard|2400mmX600mmX18mm

x2

e | 230mmX100mmX10mm x 2 hours

plate | 230mmX100mmX10mm

x130mm

3

A

A

B

B

C

C

A

chipboard floor | 2400m chipboard floorA| 2400mmX600mmX18mm

B

B pallet | 1200mmX1000mmx1 pallet | 1200mmX1000mmx130mm

C

C |corrugated sheets | 200 2000mmX990mmx0.5mm corrugated sheets

x2 timber post|30000mmX100mmX100mm x2 timber post|2400mmX100mmX100mm

4

x4

4

x 32

4

A A

D D

B B C

x2 x 1.5 hours

C

A A

D D

B B C C

A

timber post | 3000mmX100

A

B timber post base | 100m timber post | 3000mmX100mmX100mm

B

C chipboard floor | 2400mm timber post base | 100mX100mmX4mm

C

D corrugated sheets | 200 chipboard floor | 2400mmX600mmX18mm

D

corrugated sheets | 2000mmX990mmx0.5mm

5

x2

timber beam|3000mmX100mmX100mm x4

x3 timber beam|3000mmX100mmX50mm x1 timber post|2400mmX100mmX100mm

6

x4

x1

x6

7

x 12

x 20

x4 x 1 hour

9

x 63 x7 corrugated sheets|2000mmX990mmX0.5mm polythene sheeting|4300mmX3200mm

x 1.5 hours

x4

10

x 24 x 6 (optional)

chipboard|2400mmX600mmX18mm

chipboard|4330tmmX175mmX18mm x2 chipboard|3200mmX600mmX18mm

x4

x4

x 1 hour

x 1 hour

rafter|4300mmX100mmX100mm

x2

x3

8

joist|3200mmX50mmX25mm

x 24

x 27

x4

x4

x 1.5 hours

x 1.5 hours

x9

7

10

A

B mm

600

150

0m

m

150

0m

m

C

D

E

A

corrugated sheet| 2000mmX990mmX0.5mm

B

timber roof joist | 50mmX25mmX3200mm @ 600mm c/c spacing

C

timber roof rafter | 100mmX100mmX4300mm@ 1500mm c/c spacing

D

polyethene sheeting

E

fascia board from chipboard

7

A

C B

A C

B

A

timber rafter | 4300mmX100mmX100mm

B

timber beam | 3000mX100mmX100mm

C

100mm heavy duty angle bracket

11

11

x1

polythene sheeting|3000mmX2400mm timber plate x 56|200mmX100mmX10mm

x 224

x 12

pallet|1200mmX1000mmX130mm

x2 x 5 hours

A

internal pallet wall

B

insulation

C

polyethene sheeting

D

external pallet wall

E

angle plates

D

B

A

C

E

11

x2

+

A INSULATION OPTIONS

B

bottle

newspaper

polystyrene

C

D

A

internal pallet wall

B

insulation

C

polyethene sheeting

D

external pallet wall

11 C

B

D

A

A

timber post | 3000mmX100mmX100mm

B

timber post base | 100mX100mmX4mm

C

pallet | 1200mmX1000mmx130mm

D

board removed for illusrative purposes

12

x1

13

x8

x 40 pallet|1200mmX1000mmX130mm timber plate x 188|200mmX100mmX10mm x 36

13

x 320

x 896

A

x 48

x2 pallet door|2400mmX950mmX40mm

mm

25

m

0m

95

B

50m

m

113

C

0m

m

50m

x2

x4

x 15 hours

x 5 hours 113

m

E

m

F

0m

14 x4 corrugated sheets|2000mmX990mmX0.5mm

x 64 50m

m

x4 x 2 hours

A

timber frame

B

polythene sheeting | 2400mmX950mm

C

pallet | 950mmX100mmX10mm

D

timber post| 2400mmX100mmX100mm

E

lock

F

hinges

G

SHELF A

B

C A

B

C

B

A

A

pallet wall

B

100mm light duty angle bracket

C

reclaimed wooden shelf

Scalablity

SCALABILITY Process of Decommodification

Knowledge Transition

Used in self-construction housing projects by accessing existing network.

Construction Manual as Open Sources Web/Online

x2 corrugated sheets|2000mmX990mmX0.5mm

Temporary Housing Units

Prototype Shack

Dissemination

Larger Storage Space

Workshop - Construction Skills Training Process of Pedagogy

Commual Space / Urban Infrastructure / ...

Sheltering theTHE homeless SHELTERING HOMELESS

rough sleeping temporary shelter

sofa surfng

hostel

squatting

rough sleeping

temporary housing

ACCESSIBLE SERVICES FOR HOMELESS

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APPENDIX

TOWARDS AN ARCHITECTURE OF DISSENSUS: PARTICIPATORY URBANISM IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA Camillo Boano & Emily Kelling

Introduction

In terms of example: ‘Unapologetic political refelection, in that it lives up to a call for perpetual democratisation in which active citizens - [who self-manage autonomously] - are continuosly struggling to become active and participate in the city’. Purcell, 2013

ŽIŽEK AND MOUFFE: POST-DEMOCRATIC OR POST-POLITICAL ‘current political condition in which the spaces of public reflection are voided of dispute and disagreement and replaced instead by a consensually established frame within which participation serves to uphold an image of democracy.’

Discussion on the political agenda on the large scale and driven by the same market forces

This process is opposed to negotiating conflict and reduced to identifying consensus within a given

Leads to a shallow/local form of participation which can ADDRESS the manifestation of local wrongs but hardly challenges ROOT CAUSES

But there are many forms and Baan Mankong and ACCA serves as a paradigmatic case of participatory urbanism transgressing consensus politics (whilst including a small degree of pacifying elements)

Believes however Architecture is re-engaging in a new critical project that allows the political and social natures of the practice to be reclaimed, and therefore it is crucial to expand such rediscovery the inherirently political natue of space, which is necessarily produced in contestation and dissensus

‘ESSAY FITS INTO A RENEWED REFLECTION ON THE EXPANSION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL DISCIPLINARY BOUNDARIES, WHICH DELIBERATELY CONTESTS THE OVERT PRAGMATISM AND RIGIDITY OF THE DISCIPLINE IN THE FORM OF THE SO CALLED AUTONOMOUS PROJECT’

DESIGN IS AN ACT AND IS THEREFORE POLITICALLY CHARGED

RANCIERE AS A TOOLBOX Uses work focused on art and politics and extends it to architecture.

Believes his work illuminates opportunities for the act of design to either reforge connections or futher disintegrate architecture with it’s political and social function.

His work addresses ‘the mechanisms through which the domain of sensual experience is parcelled out: a division which serves to maintain a perceived seperation of capacities regarding who and who cannot legitimately speak

RANCIERE AS A TOOLBOX SPATIALITY OF QUALITY LE PARTAGE DU SENSIBLE

AESTHETICS: ‘A DELIMINATION OF SPACES AND TIMES, OF THE VISIBLE AND THE INVISIBLE, OF SPEACH AND NOISE’ POLITICS: NEVER SEEN AS STATIC AND PURE BUT INSTEAD CHARACTERISED BY DIVISION, CONFLICT AND POLEMICS THAT ALLOW THE INVENTION OF THE NEW, THE UNAUTHORISED AND THE DISORDERED.

RANCIERE AS THE PRINCIPAL BASIS Based on Racière’s idea that ‘political struggle occurs when the excluded establish their identtity by speaking for themselves and striving to get their voices heard and recognised as legitimate’

Made choosing Baan Mankong a natural option:

approximates Racière’s idea of equality because the group (ACCA) locates the agency of change with the excluded

RANCIERE HIS ONTOLOGY AND DISSENSUS Fundamental concern is the denial of recognition of experienced by the dominated Saw the essential aspect of politics as the ‘affirmation of the principle of equality of speach for people who are supposed to be equal but not treated as such by the established [polis]ce order of the democratic community

Important for him and authors’ arguement not to ‘overlook the fact that an explicit focus on the excluded, on the part that does not fit in or participate, implies an assumption about the whole, which could be considered the norm’ POLICE : ORDER OF THINGS POLITICS: ‘DISAGREEMENT/DISSENSUS AND THE DISRUPTION OF THE POLICE ORDER’

RANCIERE HIS ONTOLOGY AND DISSENSUS ‘To name a phenomenom and assign it it’s ‘Proper’ place is to establish order - thereby an act of depoliticalisation.’ ‘ Slums, marginal areas, low-income communities, barrios and so forth are included in the police order by their exclusion’

‘Politics proper is to question the ‘given’ order of the police [...] to question the whole and its partitioned spaces, and to verify the equality of any speaking being to any other’

Racière sees equality ‘not as an end state but a starting point that requires constant verification in the open

this leads to genuine political acts [which] do not simply reorder relations of power [...] but disrupt it

RANCIERE LE PARTAGE DU SENSIBLE Authors believe it is one of his most suggestive and fruitful concepts

Refers to the way in which roles and modes of participation in a social world are determined by establishing possible modes of perception

The partition of the sensible sets the devisions between what is visible and visible, speakable and unspeakable [...]

[...] ‘such a partition is the system of a priori of forms determining what will present itself to sense experience. It is a ‘delimination’ of spaces and times, of visible and the invisible, of speach and noise, that simultaneously determines the place and the stakes of politics as a form of experience’.

RANCIERE AESTHETICS Important for a theorisation of the relation between political struggle and design

STATES AESTHETICS IS AT THE CORE OF POLITICS

AESTHETICS IS ‘LE PARTAGE DU SENSIBLE‘

‘The sensible is a field over which political agreements and disagreements occur’

All this ‘theoretically artillery’, the authors find critical in applying to Baan Mankong/ACCA case

Baan Mankong and the Asian Coalition for Community Action Thailand’s Baan Mankong Collective Housing Programme is part of the network of the Asian Coalition for Housing Rights (ACHR).

It coordinates with the Community Organisations Development Institute (CODI), which is a well financed, national institution with an official policy mandate to secure land tenure for the urban poor.

It aims to create the conditions for the people who have previously been excluded from secure housing to take the lead in the process of providing their own secure housing.

The working principles of demand-driven housing development in Baan Mankong The basis on which a community forms can vary from a group of people living in the same informal settlement who want to upgrade collectively, to a collection of people from the same area looking for new land to purchase.

A ‘Community‘ is not only an administrative term, but also denoting a social relationship that includes working togther.

When a community forms, groups of people become viable development partners, with their savings and the power of large numbers.

The groups also have capaticites to claim for their rights of being recognized, in order to be poilitically included.

The logic of physical change: from object to subject In Baan Mankong/ACCA, physical change is conceived and practised as a vehicle for social change.

Physical changes is meaning to impove the material reality of living condition, as well as build confidence in each indivule with collective skills and capacities.

This physical improvement is powerful in arctivating local government resources, and at the same time, reinforcing the engagment with different actors.

The ambition of this programme is about generating power on the urban marginalised people though their collective and objective participation, in order for them to freely express their rights and become legitimate development agents. And eventually, to push for the policy change, and aquire wider political recognition.

Participatory desgin in practice

While the ownership and planning of the site are collective and community-based, once tenure is secured, the design and aesthetics of the houses are more individualistic.

However, some communities simply simply copy the standardized prototypes, neglecting the diverse needs of individule.

The reasons here are expressed as: 1) to reduce the risk of being refuesd by the government when submitting the housing plans 2) cost and time are usually limited 3) the communities have a desire to be visually organized and integration with the city

Community architects: a transformative potential What is the potential role of design in the process of spatial and social change?

In the Baan Mankong process, community architects provide the knowledge needed to make decisions and guide the conversation, thereby presenting possibilities.

Designers also plays a role as translation of aspirations and negotiations between households into a site masterplan.

If the communities could be more engaged in the process, more knowleged can be shared, and more conversation can happen. in doing so, designers could become facilitators in the decision making precess.

Designs usually find themselves in the internalconflictive situation, where consensus is considered to be temporary, while conflict and dissensus is something natural in the process. It is necessary to find a productive balance in community negotiations, decision-making and actions.

CONCLUSION - OPINON The innovation in community finance that graned groups of urban poor recognition as legitimate development agents presents community architecture a chance to add another dimenision to this legacy by endorsing previously unheard ways of doing things. The two strategies are intertwined in multiple ways, not least through the consolidation of ideology and desired forms of life thereby reinforcing each other Definite focus on the role of the designer/architect in this role Architecture of Dissensus Different forms of Dissensus Not in current position to offer a ‘recipe’ Sees Baan Mankong as a more political reflection on design which reveals dissensus Offers to reveal the lines of power and agency written in a city and contest the spatial ordering

Is “Tactical Urbanism� an alternative for Neoliberal Urbanism?

By Neil Brenner March 24,2015

Content  What can “Tactical Urbanism” offer cities?  MoMA’s Uneven Growth: Tactical Urbanisms for Expanding Megacities  The Debate  MoMA’s Department of Architecture and Design

 Elements of “Tactical Urbanism”  Why “Tactical Urbanism” is an alternative?

 Neoliberal Urbanism  Tactical Urbanism VS Neoliberal Urbanism  The Dilemma  The Consideration  Example of Tactical Urbanism in MoMA’s Uneven Growth exhibition  The Challenges  The Contradiction  Conclusion

What can “Tactical Urbanism” offer cities?

MoMA exhibition Uneven Growth: Tactical Urbanisms for Expanding Megacities

The Debate Inherited paradigms of urban intervention no longer viable (modernist-statist programs of the post-war epoch to the neoliberalizing, market-fundamentalist agendas of the post 1980s)

Megacities and the broader territorial economies on which they depend, appear to be poorly equipped, in operational and political.

“we are… in the midst of a huge crisis – ecological, social, and political – of planetary urbanization without knowing” - David Harvey

M o M A’ s D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e a n d D e s i g n the notion of tactical urbanism is presented as a robust interpretive frame for understanding a variety of emergent urban design experiments in contemporary megacities as a basis to stimulate debate and practical experimentation for future pathways of urban design intervention – Pedro Gadanho, MoMA curator

to promote social justice in the conception and appropriation of urban space – Pedro Gadanho, MoMA curator

It proposes immediate, “acupunctural� modes of intervention to local issues

It arises in the context of a broader governance crisis which both states and markets have failed systematically to deliver basic public goods to urban populations.

It is not a unified movement or technique It’s a general rubric through which to capture a broad range of emergent, provisional, experimental, and ad hoc urban projects.

Its time horizon is thus relatively short, even impulsive or spontaneous.

Elements of Tactical Urbanism

It promotes a grassroots, participatory, hands-on, do-it-yourself vision of u r b a n re st r u c t u r i n g an open-source model of action and as a form of reappropriation of urban space b y i t s u s e r s .

It is mobilized from below organizationally, culturally, and ideologically diverse interventions to confront emergent urban issues.

It evolve fluidly It is malleable and open-ended

WHY Tactical Urbanism is an alternative to Modernist-statist and Neoliberal Paradigms of urban intervention?

It is grounded upon participatory democracy It aims to promote social cohesion It is not formally preprogramed in advance Modernist-statist of urban intervention have receded    

Ideological ascendency of neoliberalism; The associated disassembling of nation states since 1980 (Saskia Sassen) Top-down action Entangled inefficient politics, corrupt bureaucracy and economic insufficiency (Pedro Gadanho)

Subversion

Contingency

Tactical urbanism interrupts the basic logics of growth-first, market-oriented urban governance and points toward alternative urban futures based on grassroots democracy and social justice.

Tactical urbanism opens up a space of regulatory experimentation that, under certain conditions, contributes to the subversion of neoliberal programs. But, this does not occur often. The impacts of tactical urbanism on neoliberal urbanism are thus contingent; they hinge upon factors extrinsic to it.

Reinforcement Tactical urbanism alleviates the governance failures & disruptive socio-spatial consequences of neoliberal urbanism, without threatening the regulatory framework governing urban development.

Tactical Urbanism VS Neoliberal Urbanism Entrenchment Tactical urbanism internalizes a neoliberal agenda and thus contributes to the further entrenchment and extension of neoliberal urbanism.

Neutrality Tactical urbanism emerges in interstitial spaces that are neither functional to, nor disruptive of, the neoliberal project. It thus coexists with neoliberal urbanism in a relationship.

Tactical Urbanism may be narrated as a self evident alternative to Neoliberal Urbanism.

Is this really the case?

It is not a unified, homogenous formation of urban governance

It represents a broad syndrome of market-disciplinary institutions, policies, and regulatory strategies

market-fundamentalist project of activating local public institutions

It promotes the enclosure of non-commodified, selfmanaged urban spaces

Neoliberal Urbanism

It coordinates a city’s collective life through market relations

It empowers private actors and organizations to extend commodification across the urban social fabric

The Consequences of Neoliberal Urbanism

Urbanizations Benefitting The Many

Models Of Urban Profit For The Few

How designers might contribute to alternative urban futures?

The Dilemma

Without altering the exclusionary policies that have decimated a civic imagination in the first place, architecture will remain a decorative tool to camouflage the neoconservative politics and economics of urban development that have eroded the primacy of public infrastructure worldwide [ . . . ] the major problems of urbanization today [ . . . ] are grounded in the inability of institutions of urban development to more meaningfully engage urban informality, socioeconomic inequity, environmental degradation, lack of affordable housing, inclusive public infrastructure, and civil participation.

Teddy Cruz

The Consideration the re-imagination of design

not simply as a decorative tool or formal set of techniques for hire by the ruling classes as a basis for asking critical questions about contemporary urbanism as a set of collectively shared, creative capacities through which to “coproduce the city as well as new models of cohabitation and coexistence to advance agendas of socioeconomic inclusion.” it also requires the creation of “a new role for progressive policy, [and] a more efficient, transparent, inclusive, and collaborative form of government.”

Mumbai: Reclaiming Growth (detail). 2014. Courtesy Ensamble Studio/MIT-POPlab and URBZ: user-generated cities

The Other New York (detail). 2014. Courtesy Cohabitation Strategies (CohStra)

Istanbul: Tactics for Resilient Post-Urban Development (detail). 2014. Courtesy Atelier d’Architecture Autogérée

Brenner’s Point of View

Design proposals move beyond the realm of tactical urbanism  rather than being a focal point for investigation, it becomes a kind of launching pad for envisioning and enacting a “politics of space” (Henri Lefebvre)—that is, a political strategy of large-scale socio-spatial transformation.

Designers take the fundamental step of integrating such political-institutional considerations into the spatial proposals, they productively contribute to that process.  The proposals articulate a more socially engaged, politically combative vision of what the design disciplines have to offer the urban public sphere in an era of deepening inequality and highly polarized visions of our global urban future

The Challenges

“noting the gap between the “modest scale of some [tactical] interventions” and the “dimensions of the worldwide urban and economic crisis that so urgently needs to be addressed.”

-MoMA curator Barry Bergdoll

The Contradiction

Anti-programming

Institutionalization Planning

less in its role as an all-purpose method for designing urban futures

Conclusion

a radically democratic counterweight to any and all institutional systems, whether state driven or market dominated. the capacities of design might be remobilized as tools of empowerment for the users of space, enabling them to occupy and appropriate the urban, continually to transform it

Thank you.