Guide Book - Rota Vicentina®

Guide Book

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September till June

Recommended walking season

Rota Vicentina SW PORTUGAL 2nd edition

RRP: 12€ 1

Walking

Walking Trails of Rota Vicentina Historical Way Start / End Santiago do Cacém Vale Seco Cercal do Alentejo Cercal do Alentejo S. Luís Sabóia Odemira S. Teotónio Odeceixe Aljezur Arrifana Carrapateira Vila do Bispo Total

Start / End Vale Seco Cercal do Alentejo Porto Covo S. Luís Odemira Odemira S. Teotónio Odeceixe Aljezur Arrifana Carrapateira Vila do Bispo Cabo de S. Vicente

Distance (km) 18 23 16.5 20.5 25 33 19 17 / 15 19.5 12 24 21.5 14 263

Duration (h) 6h 6 h 30 5h 7h 8h 10 h 6h 6h/5h 6h 4h 8h 7h 4h

Difficulty level 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3/2 2 2 3 2 2

Page 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42

Distance (km) 10 20 15.5 22 18.5 22.5 17.5 20 / 21.5 16 20.5 19.5 12 11 226.5

Duration (h) 3h 8h 5 h 30 7h 7h 7h 6h 6 h 30 / 7 h 30 6 h 30 7h 8h 5h 4h

Difficulty level 2 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 2

Page 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70

Distance (km) 9 4.5 8 / 13 7.5 6 / 12 3.5 5 / 8 / 13 8.5 11.5 8 / 12.5 8.5 13.5 10 15 14.5 / 16 7 14 6 / 13.5 7 / 17 10.5 14 5 8 10 / 15.5

Duration (h) 3 h 30 2h 2 h 30 / 4 h 2 h 30 2h/4h 1 h 30 2 h / 3 h 30 / 5 h 3h 4h 3h/5h 3h 4 h 30 3h 4 h 30 4 h 30 / 5 h 30 2 h 30 4 h 30 2 h / 4 h 30 2 h 30 / 5 h 30 3 h 30 5h 2h 3 h 30 3 h 30 / 5 h 30

Difficulty level 3 2 1/2 2 1/3 1 3/3/4 3 3 2/3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 1/3 2/3 2 3 3 4 3

Page 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120

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Very hard

Fishermen’s Trail Start / End S. Torpes Porto Covo V. N. Milfontes Almograve Zambujeira do Mar Odeceixe Aljezur Arrifana Carrapateira Vila do Bispo Sagres Salema Luz Total

Start / End Porto Covo V. N. Milfontes Almograve Zambujeira do Mar Odeceixe Aljezur Arrifana Carrapateira Vila do Bispo Sagres Salema Luz Lagos

Circular Routes 1 Historic Santiago 2 Sissal Beach 3 The Paddy Fields of Campilhas 4 Cercal do Alentejo 5 Mediterranean Ponds 6 S. Luís Gardens 7 Senhora das Neves 8 The Dunes of Almograve 9 Troviscais to Mira 10 S. Martinho das Amoreiras 11 S. Teotónio’s Heathlands 12 Discovering Totenique 13 From Santa Clara to the Lake 14 Odeceixe to the Sea 15 Odeceixe to the River 16 Amoreira 17 Carrascalinho 18 From Bordeira to the Sea 19 Endiabrada and the Hidden Lakes 20 Carrapateira Cliffs 21 Carrapateira Hills 22 Vilarinha 23 Amado 24 Cordoama Difficulty levels

1

Very easy

2

Easy 2

3

Average

4

Hard

Historical Way GR11/E9 ATLANTIC PATH

Fishermen’s Trail

Circular Routes

Via Algarviana

A detailed trail map on a scale of 1:55,000 can be purchased from our website and our headquarters, from Rota Vicentina partners, at the store of Centro de Informação Geoespacial do Exército (Lisbon), or at the local tourist information offices.

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AbouttheRegion Located in the Southwest of Portugal, the Alentejo and Vicentina Coast is the best preserved coastal area of southern Europe, a true pearl. Cared for and maintained by generations of local inhabitants the area continues to capture the hearts of both nature lovers and fans of active pursuits whilst ensuring that a sustainable tourism programme is achieved.

The rivers and streams have split this plateau creating deep valleys, the slopes of which are covered in an almost untouched Mediterranean undergrowth.

Continuing inland you come to the mountain ridges formed by age old continental collisions. Here forests of oak, pine and rocky outcrops dominate the hills, populated by large birds of prey and nocturnal carnivores.

With it’s 110 km of wild coastline and ninety thousand hectares of protected area the Southwest Alentejo and Vicentina Coast Natural Park comprises diverse habitats some of which are unchanged and untouched. Many parts contain species of endemic plants as well as a large number of animal species, particularly amphibians, birds and sea fauna.

The Southwest of Portugal has one of the best climates in the world and for thousands of years this has been the case the region is a haven for many species of flora and fauna that date from the last ice age.

Southwest Portugal also has many species that are endemic i.e not found anywhere else in the world.

The Vicentina Coast unites two of Portugal’s outstandingly beautiful regions, the Alentejo’s tranquility and romance with the only coastal stretch of Algarve that has retained its wild and pristine condition. Nature, authentic rural life, a very mild climate enjoying more than 300 days of sunshine a year make this region an unmissable destination for lovers of nature and sustainable tourism.

Winters are short and never very cold but offer enough rain to maintain the flora and fauna for the nine months when the sun is truly king. The harmony in which man and nature have lived since prehistoric times is reflected in habitats full of diversity. In the coastal areas explore rock pools exposed at low tide home to starfish, sea urchins, barnacles and whelks as well as many types of seaweed. Close by Alentejo’s dark cliffs where storks, falcons, swifts, jays and black redstarts find suitable nesting sites amongst the crags. The Algarve’s white cliffs offer the opportunity to find dinosaur footprints, coral fossils and dark caves home to amazing organisms. Further inland the sand dunes with rare and endemic plants whilst others are home to plants cherished for their aromatic and medicinal use. The mouths of the rivers

Characteristics of the landscape Visitors to the Vicentina Coast will find high cliffs of very old dark rock on the coast of the Alentejo formed from mainly schist and graywacke sandstone whilst a lighter limestone rock forms the coast of the Algarve coast. On the coastal plateau lies a thin layer of sediment, full of unique habitats and species.

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and streams offer the perfect habitats for fish, molluscs and crustaceans to breed.

The coastal plains offer an opportunity to watch the migration of thousands of birds in autumn including great soaring birds.

The region is also home to acres of temporary ponds where prehistoric crustaceans thrive and almost all the amphibians found in Portugal prosper. Valleys of Portuguese oak, lianas and shrubs of colourful berries contain rivers of crystal clear water where otters have made their home. This diverse landscape offers pine and cork forests where wild boar and pig abound and you can find wild mushrooms and asparagus. All of this blended with areas modified by man over generations where the biodiversity is remarkable offering oak woods, meadows, orchards, olive groves and farmland.

In the 13th century the territory became part of the new Kingdom of Portugal, settlements had previously established away from the coast but the traditional draw of the sea reestablished itself… Under the patronage of the Crown and with the intervention of the regional and local authorities such as the Order of Santiago and local councils. The towns of Sines and Milfontes were established at two favourable sites on the coast. However, their development was hampered by the attacks of Maghrebi pirates which affected the safety of both shipping and the populations along the rivers.

In the small towns that dot the landscape, hospitable locals proudly maintain cultural traditions for example those related to cork, wine, honey, olive oil, tapestry, pottery and fishing. The history of humanity can be found within many archeological traces, such as sacred places full of mystery, fortresses which once defended against pirates and even ancient writing that is still indecipherable to this day, found on stone slabs over 2,500 years old!

The Mira river, traversing a vast territory, allowed vessels to reach the interior which gave it a unique role in the Southwest and saw the town of Odemira develop into an important regional centre.

Again, the ports played a crucial role in the life of the people ensuring that both fishing and the export of regional products added to the growth of the region.

Near the sea, people tended to have an “amphibian” way of life with farming being the main part but suplemented with fishing when the seas permitted. Further inland agriculture and livestock farming formed the main occupation… In this sparsely populated region the vast wasteland gave rise to shepherding, bee keeping and provided firewood, cork and wood.

Social and historical context The history of the Southwest is built on its geography, and it was its quality as a peripheral and border territory which determined its evolution and the way it is today.

Of course there were other needs, so there were shoemakers, blacksmiths, farm workers and a small family weaving industry based on flax which occupied any free time. Life was regulated by the cycle of nature and by the agricultural calendar, in work, at play and in religion. The solstice festivals at the end of June, for example, with their Holy Baths, their Masts and their bonfires, annually repeat ancient naturalistic rituals which over time Christianity has absorbed.

Inhabited since prehistory this territory has retained the interest of curious and adventurous people. The most important archaeological remains however belong to the Roman period, such as the ruins of Miróbriga, a city linked to the Celts, in Santiago do Cacém, and the remains of the ports of Sines, Pessegueiro, Milfontes and Odemira.

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Weather

How to get there and move arround

The recommended period to walk the pedestrian trails of Rota Vicentina is from September till June.

The region is situated between Lisbon and the Algarve and is served by Lisbon and Faro airports. You can get to the main locations of the Southwest by car, bus and train.

The Southwest of Portugal has a Mediterranean climate with a strong Atlantic influence, guaranteeing mild temperatures throughout the year.

The access to Sines or Lagos is by highways or main roads. Within the region, one can travel along municipal and somewhat winding roads, characterized by the beauty of the countryside.

All summer, particularly July and August, when it is too warm, is not the best season to walk in the Rota Vicentina.

The autumn months are generally quite mild with the ocean waters reaching pleasant temperatures and the winds dying down.

If you want to leave your car behind while walking the trails of Rota Vicentina, you can get there by train or bus and rely on the taxi or shuttle services guaranteed by some local tourist companies. If you prefer to combine days of walking with days on which you intend to travel greater distances independently, we suggest that you come by car.

In winter, temperatures do not fall below 11º C during the day but this is normally the rainiest period of the year.

From March onwards sunny days alternate with rainy days and temperatures start to rise. The reborn landscape and the intensity of the colours and aromas make spring one of the best seasons to visit the area.

By plane » The region is served by Lisbon and Faro airports. Lisbon Airport is ideal for getting to the northern part of the region and Faro Airport is ideal for the southern area. However the transportation options and the accessibility from Lisbon are more flexible and comprehensive. It is possible to fly to Lisbon and Faro from the major European capitals.

By car » From Lisbon take the A2/A12 or IC1 in the direction “Sul/Algarve”. From the A2 join the IP8 towards Sines, following the direction of Odemira and Porto Covo. Alternatively from the A2 take the exit “Beja/Ferreira” following in the direction of “Algarve/ Ourique” taking the exit “Alvalade/ Cercal / Lagos” or “Odemira / OESTE”. From Faro, take the A22 or the national road (EN) 125 to Lagos – Bensafrim, from where you can continue to of Vila do Bispo, Carrapateira or Aljezur.

By train » This is the most ecological, efficient and comfortable way to get to the region. Except Lagos, where you can find at the beginning of the Fishermen’s Trail in Algarve, most of the train stations are far away of the coast.

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By bus » This is the most direct way to get to any point on Rota Vicentina. Rede Expressos has comfortable buses with free wi-fi, the only downside being the journey along kilometres of winding roads and spending 1-2 hours more than in your own car. Departures from Lisbon and Lagos, in the direction of any of the villages of the region.

Ermidas-Sado train station is 28 km from Santiago do Cacém, Funcheira train station is 35 km from Odemira and from Cercal do Alentejo. Santa Clara-Sabóia train station is 27 km from S. Teotónio but it is linked to the Historical Way in the direction of Odemira.

To get to the coast you can choose between a taxi, shuttle service provided by your chosen accommodation, or the Rodoviária do Alentejo bus service (from Monday to Friday) or VAMUS - Transportes do Algarve.

Transfers - Passengers and luggage » On the Transportation area of our website you’ll find taxis, partners of Rota Vicentina network, that will allow you to enjoy the region worry-free and with greater flexibility.

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About

the Association Philosophy and mission

Rota Vicentina - Association for the Promotion of Nature Tourism in Alentejo and Vicentina Coast, has been responsible for managing integration, growth, development and promotion of Rota Vicentina’s pedestrian trails since 2013.

Aware that this region is one of the last wildernesses of the southern coast of Europe, entrepreneurs, institutions and local people fear for its destruction and are determined to preserve what makes it so special.

This non-profit private association counts on a network of partners both public and private, from municipalities and parish councils, national and regional tourism entities, individuals, Nature and Forest Conservation Institute, local organizations and above all, more than 200 associated partner companies have support the project at various levels.

Developing using the existing natural assets and cultural values is the right way forward and which will sustain small local businesses throughout the year and allow people from all over the world to be in contact with something authentic and full of personality.

Our offers

Walking

750 km of walking on one of the most pristine coasts of Europe

Cycling

+ 1000 km of bicycle routes on rural roads carefully selected

Activities

Nature, Culture and Well-being activities, designed and guided by the local community 8

Part of Rota Vicentina’s mission is to invest in the environmental protection of this territory through the development of high quality sustainable tourism projects and to offer products and services from the local culture and community. Parallel to these goals, the project is also focused on the protection and welfare of the local community with whom Rota Vicentina collaborates regularly with. If there is a reason why Rota Vicentina stands out it is because of its collaboration with over 200 companies, the majority of them local, all sharing the same principles.

Objectives

Establish Southwest Portugal as an international nature tourism destination whilst raising awareness of the environmental and cultural significance of the region.

Look for Rota Vicentina’s official partner stamp to choose from the network companies and contribute to the project!

Consolidate development network with companies, institutions, population.

Provide the region with a public infrastructure for the enjoyment of nature getting tourists close to the local population.

Stimulate the existing services during the medium/low season and to create new business opportunities.

If you are coming to Southwest Portugal, book directly through Rota Vicentina website to guarantee your contribution.

Responsible tourism

Agenda

Book with us

Region impact

Volunteering

Become a member

Cycling

Blog

Activities

Programs 9

About the Walking Trails of

Rota Vicentina How to enjoy the walking trails of Rota Vicentina

Rota Vicentina offers a network of walking trails in Southwest Portugal, at the moment totalling 750 km of hiking trails, along the most beautiful and best preserved coastline of Southern Europe.

Rota Vicentina trails are fully marked in both directions. The two long-distance trails (Historical Way and Fishermen’s Trail) are divided into sections that vary in length between 11 and 33 km. Additionally, there are 24 Circular Routes, each between 3.5 and 17 km. These sections are merely recommendations, allowing you to choose between villages and accommodation options or to select the starting point for exploring the different parts of Rota Vicentina trail network.

This route is composed of a careful selection of rural and coastal paths for full enjoyment of this coastal area which has conserved its natural landscape environmental values rich cultural heritage and traditions.

Comprising the Historical Way, the Fishermen’s Trail and 24 Circular Routes, Rota Vicentina offers a unique experience of two worlds between a living and authentic rural culture and a surprisingly wild coastline all within Southwest Alentejo and Vicentina Coast Natural Park.

The network of partner companies are knowledgeable about the route, transportation options and all the details to help you organising a trip to the region and Rota Vicentina.

The route is fully marked in both directions, and can be travelled independently and in total security from September till June, the recommended walking season. The trails are divided into sections but can be shortened or extended according to your preferences and the location of your accommodation. In this guide, the main sections of the Historical Way and Fishermen’s Trail are described from north to south and from west to east on the south coast. The Circular Routes are described in the direction we recommend them to be walked.

The pedestrian trails of Rota Vicentina are accessible to almost everyone as they do not present a great degree of difficulty.

As it is a physical activity some degree of physical fitness is required in order for it to be a positive experience.

The Fishermen’s Trail is the path taken by the local fishermen on their way to the best fishing spots. It’s a single track where the view over the cliffs is overwhelming and breathtaking. The Fishermen’s Trail is not recommended for people with vertigo or fear of heights and can only be traversed by foot. It is not suitable for cycling as the ground is sandy and it is close to the cliffs.

If you wish to camp you may but only in camping sites.

In February 2016 the Historical Way of Rota Vicentina was certified by the European wide label “Leading Quality Trails – Best of Europe”, a certification from ERA – European Ramblers Association – joining the exclusive group of the best walking destinations in Europe.

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Do not camp or make fire outside the designated areas

750 km of pedestrian trails

Route with signage

Routes with no WC, bring a bag and leave the route clean

Along the Route

Do not use with motor vehicles

Read the code of conduct (p.13) 11

The Historical Way reveals the authenticity of the rural life of this region running through paths traditionally used by the local community. Many cross private properties so be sure to respect them and always close gates. Care should be taken with livestock although tame they do not like to be approached when they have their offspring. Along the Historical Way you will find several local communities. Be sure to treat the locals with respect and explore their culture and customs.

route markers so that everyone, regardless of their degree of familiarity with hiking, can make the journey independently and safely.

The markings may appear on the wooden poles of Rota Vicentina, but also painted on trees, rocks and walls. They appear frequently to guide you through the terrain.

Please enquire about the difficulty of the route, the distance and the signposts. Take into account your physical condition and plan your day carefully. Then, just follow the signs!

Circular Routes are short routes with start and finishing points in the same place, so that it becomes even easier to discover the pleasure of walking in the Southwest Portugal without transfers, complications and with a duration of half a day or less.

The Historical Way uses the Grand Route (GR) marker system and the Circular Routes the Small Route (in Portuguese “Pequena Rota - PR”) system as both are classified and approved by the Portuguese Federation of Camping and Mountaineering (FCMP).

When the Historical Way overlaps with a Circular Route, the two sign systems are combined.

Signposts The network trails of Rota Vicentina is fully signposted with intuitive and clearly visible

SIGNAGE FOR HISTORICAL WAY right way

wrong way

to the left

to the right

left

right

to the left

to the right

to the left

to the right

SIGNAGE FOR FISHERMEN’S TRAIL follow

don’t follow

SIGNAGE FOR CIRCULAR ROUTES

right way

wrong way

COMBINED SIGNAGE Used when the Historical Way overlaps with a Circular Route right way

wrong way

Footpath registered and approved by the Portuguese Federation of Camping and Mountaineering (FCMP).

Pay attention to the signs, don’t confuse this signs of the walking paths with MTB’s signage, more information p. 124.

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Modifications of itineraries

The Fishermen’s Trail, as a succession of trails in environmentally sensitive areas, which accommodates less foot traffic and presents technical limitations in terms of risk and degree of difficulty, uses a different markers system. The signposts are lower and use colours that blend with the landscape. In most cases only the correct way is signposted and not the various incorrect alternatives and changes of direction. This way the impact on the landscape is limited.

Since the edition of this guide, the described itineraries may have changed.

If it is the case, follow the markings on the field and note that all changes are indicated on the website rotavicentina.com.

Responsibility As you walk along the walking trails of Rota Vicentina, which run through both public and private paths, the hiker does so under his own responsibility. Note that when hiking through private land your passage is authorised by the owners but only for hiking purposes.

For these reasons hikers need to take greater care on the Fishermen ś Trail namely in following the correct single recommended trail to avoid trampling over sensitive habitats that you will find all along the coast.

Keep the sea on the correct side and be alert that way you will not get lost and nature will thank you!

Code of conduct So that we can all limit our impact in environmentally sensitive areas, contributing to the preservation of nature, and so that the next hiker can still be welcomed with open arms by the locals, we have made a set of simple rules and recommendations to be respected.

The signage maintenance of Rota Vicentina’s pedestrian trails is done regularly by volunteers during hikes that happen between 3 to 5 times a month. Find out more about how to participate at: volunteering.rotavicentina.com

Duration

Respect for these standards is entirely your responsibility and the promising future of Rota Vicentina and the region itself depends on this, as does your own safety and your enjoyment of this land to its best.

The suggested duration to complete each stage or route is merely indicative. It corresponds to the speed, 3.5 km per hour, of an average hiker including short breaks.

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Prepare your hike well, don’t run any risks from lack of preparation or planning. There are very few support services along the trails. Always carry water, food and sunscreen.

Rota Vicentina General Rules and Recommendations for walking trails Walk only along the marked trails, in order to lessen the impact of your presence.

Rules and Recommendations in trails by the sea

The circulation of motor vehicles puts hikers at risk. Choose alternative paths.

The trails cross sensitive areas of the Southwest Alentejo and Vicentina Coast Natural Park. Maximum of 20 people per group.

The trails cross private properties; always close gates and fences. The cattle are tame but can get aggressive if you approach their offspring.

Several farms and flocks are protected by dogs, cross with caution.

Only for hikers. The circulation of vehicles on the dunes is prohibited.

It is forbidden to camp along the entire Fishermen’s Trail. Look for authorised camping sites.

Respect Nature. Do not collect or disturb animals, plants or rocks.

Trail with some degree of difficulty are not recommended for people with vertigo or fear of heights.

Do not camp or light fires outside designated areas. Trails without WC, bring a bag and leave the paths clean.

The cliffs are in a constant process of erosion. Walking along them be careful of the danger of falling.

Do not leave traces of your presence or garbage behind. Help us by picking up garbage if you find it. Trails without WC, bring a bag and leave the paths clean.

Several bird species nest on the cliffs. Do not disturb them.

The vegetation you will see on the cliffs is comprised of rare, endemic and invasive species.

Do not collect samples.

Keep your dog on a leash and clean up after it.

The cliffs present rock formations and important archaeological traces.

Do not collect samples.

In some cases you will have to cross asphalt roads. Pay attention.

You will find several locations ideal for picnics. Always take your rubbish away with you.

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Responsible Tourism in

Rota Vicentina

If you believe that the way to protect and maintain this whole region with its exceptional nature, unique culture and authentic way of life and depends on each one of us.

Please join this project.

Each step is a journey in time, with amazing landscapes and villages.

Leave no trace, just your grace. Our aim is that your impact is only positive. Do your part by leaving everything natural and beautiful as you find it - or, if possible, even better!

Embracing the community Be open to sharing experiences and getting to know the local way of life.

Supporting local businesses

Get away from the crowds on the coast, and discover the incredible treasures throughout the region.

Opt for local products and services that are faithful to regional identity and the environment.

Choose for activities guided by the local community, you will not regret it!

Choose the partner companies of Rota Vicentina. For many years they have been offering you the best trails as well as facilities dedicated to sustainable tourism.

Protecting nature Follow the markings on the terrain. The signage is not only protecting hikers, but also the habitat that exists around the trails.

Prefer quality over quantity. Local companies are trying to align themselves with the overall urgency to reduce their impact and improve the quality of its products, services, and living conditions of its employees.

There is much more than breathtaking cliffs. Try the Fishermen’s Trail but explore also the other hiking and cycling routes.

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Historical

Way

GR 11 - E9

The Historical Way has been certified since 2016 by the European wide label “Leading Quality Trails – Best of Europe”, for its high walking quality.

SW PORTUGAL

It runs through the main towns and villages in a rural itinerary with several centuries of history. Comprised mainly of rural trails, this is a classic Grand Route (GR), with stretches of cork tree forests, mountain ranges, valleys, rivers and creeks, a true journey through time, local culture and nature trails. It comprises a total of 13 sections and 263 km.

EUROPE

SIGNAGE FOR HISTORICAL WAY right way

wrong way

to the left

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to the right

Fact sheet 263 km of country trails along the less known parts of the region

Avoid doing the Historical Way on a motorcycle or in a jeep, look into other options

Self explanatory trail signs so you can walk the trail in both directions

Footpath registered and approved by Portuguese Federation of Camping and Mountaineering (FCMP), integrating GR 11/E9, connecting Sagres to St. Petersburg

13 sections of 1 walking day, with up to 33 km Accommodation and other services along the route

Footpaths approved by the FCMP Certified by the European wide label “Leading Quality Trails – Best of Europe”

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Historical Way

Santiago do Cacém » Vale Seco The trail goes across forests of cork oak, eucalyptus and umbrella pine. The umbrella pines produce the edible pine nuts, a delicious fruit nicknamed by some as “white gold” or “caviar of the forest.” The cork oak is the most representative tree of the Alentejo region’s ecosystems. Vieira Natividade, a notable Portuguese forester, said about it: “no other tree gives us so much demanding so little”. Cork oaks, in addition to producing cork, support other economic activities, such as beekeeping, harvesting of edible mushrooms or being used as freerange raising grounds for native breeds of livestock (such as famed black pig and charnequeira goat).

Cork oak is the keystone species of the montado, an ecosystem with extraordinary biodiversity: more than 400 species of insects, 160 of birds and 37 of mammals.

Associated with montado are, for example, the iberian lynx, the wildcat, the genet, the wild boar and the weasel. Also to be found here are birds of prey such as the shorttoed snake eagle, the booted eagle and Bonnelli’s eagle. Flowery meadows and green pastures are to be found amid the forests. When summer arrives rainfall ceases: grasslands become dry and acquire shades of yellow and gold. This arid summertime landscape is nevertheless refreshed by the ponds of small embankment dams and the brooks that run towards the Sado River.

Where to start?

Santiago do Cacém: in the main Church of Santiago do Cacém, by the castle.

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

Vale Seco: on the N120 road between Cercal do Alentejo and Santiago do Cacém, on the road towards the Barragem de Campilhas (reservoir). 1st dirt-road intersection.

Ruínas Romanas de Miróbriga

Description of route

Aldeia dos Chãos

A da Velha

Say farewell to the castle of Santiago do Cacém and the summit view over the city, and stroll down the sidewalk until you cross the Passeio das Romeirinhas promenade. A narrow trail, between walls, goes downhill towards to the park (parque urbano do Rio da Figueira); walk across it pass until you reach a gate that leads you through the fence. The first stage of the Rota Vicentina traverses a fertile landscape, where cork oak abounds. At km 5 you can make a small 900 m detour to get to know the ruins of the former Convent of Nossa Senhora do Loreto, which was once one of the most important Franciscan houses in the Alentejo region.

Convento

Paiol

VALE SECO

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This long distance path along Southwest Portugal begins at the emblematic Santiago do Cacém church, a city with a strong connection to the pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela. Since the Middle Ages pilgrims pass here coming from the Promontorium Sacrum, the mythical destination of this historic journey now recovered through Rota Vicentina.

Fact sheet 18 km

Distance Approximate duration

6h

Accumulated climb

250 m

Accumulated descent

290 m Easy

Difficulty level

280 m / 120 m

Max. / Min. altitude

Once back on the trail, have a look the watchtower, where you may gaze at the panorama of the industrial perimeter of Sines, and see how overhead power lines criss-cross an otherwise deeply rural landscape. Crossing the N120 road, head towards the village of Vale Seco, going through hills and old ruins, a native forest and several patches of pine and eucalyptus.

Along the way you will cross the stream of São Domingos, where you can wet your feet, listen to the croaking of frogs and wonder at the agile flights of dragonflies.

Here you will also find markings of The Way of Saint James, so pay attention to the signage. Arriving at Vale Seco, a few metres from the end of this stage, pass an old school and finally find a coffee/grocery store for a well-deserved refreshment.

Recommended season September till June

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

10

14

300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0

2

4

6

8

12

16

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

18

VALE SECO

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

200 150 100 50 0

Important warnings

0

2

S. TEOTÓNIO

This section overlaps with other routes.

Pay attention to the signage.

Tips Santiago do Cacém is a city filled with history! Take advantage of your stay to walk the Historic Santiago Circular Route and get to know the main points of interest.

Refreshments along the way: you will only find provisions almost on arrival. Bring enough water and provisions.

Accommodation in Vale Seco: little offer of accommodation in the area. Book in advance.

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4

6

8

10

12

14

16 17 ODECEIXE

Historical Way

Vale Seco » Cercal do Alentejo The trail crosses cork oak and strawberry tree forests, a type of vegetation which is well adapted to the lack of water. The strawberry trees are the size of trees here, despite being considered as shrubs. They mainly occupy the north-facing slopes, which conserve more moisture. In addition to their ecological importance, as they are the habitat of many species, strawberry trees are associated with many cultural traditions and also with the ancestral production of strawberry tree brandy, called medronho. Taste its fruit in the fall or the medronho at any time of the year!

A great part of this stage is especially interesting to get to know what ecologists call a mosaic of habitats. Most of the species that make up the biodiversity of the Mediterranean benefit from this mosaic, composed of forests interspersed with open fields, with cereal or pastures, in turn intersected by water lines with riparian galleries. On the way there are olive groves, orchards, vegetable gardens with hedges, small ponds and rocky outcrops. Spots with bushes, as well as wetlands covered with reeds, help to compose this mosaic of habitats.

Where to start?

Vale Seco: on the N120 road between Cercal do Alentejo and Santiago do Cacém, on the road towards the Barragem de Campilhas (reservoir). 1st dirt-road intersection.

VALE SECO

Moinhos de Paneiro

Cercal do Alentejo: largo dos Caeiros (central roundabout).

Vale de Orjo

Description of route Vale das Éguas

Start next to the picturesque bus stop and follow a lengthy track down a dirt road, passing by small farms and Alentejo-style estates along the way, closely connecting you with the pace of country life. From here to Vale das Éguas, where you can stop for provisions in one of two of the village’s cafes and enjoy the spontaneity of those conversations going on there, you will walk through an ample and seemingly endless Alentejo vastness where silence is the force majeure. Almost upon arrival at the village, an animal farm - Vale de Orjo - brings you back to agricultural endeavours.

Barragem de Campilhas

Ribeira de Refróias

Upon leaving Vale das Éguas, the route continues on a dirt-road, and you will encounter two small sections of asphalted road, towards Barragem de Campilhas (reservoir). Built in 1954, it is the ideal place for

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

20

The landscape of this section may appear arid during the dry season, starting in late spring.

Here the Mediterranean climate dominates, with rain concentrated in only three or four months a year, which is reflected in a unique landscape, which varies from season to season during the year.

Fact sheet 23 km

Distance Approximate duration

6 h 30 m

Accumulated climb

210 m

Accumulated descent

240 m Easy

Difficulty level

a pit-stop and a refreshing swim on the hottest days.

Recommended season September till June

Cercal do Alentejo is not far away, but you can still enjoy the view over Campilhas reservoir as you continue to head south, in a landscape covered with rockrose shrubs ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) and cork oaks. After crossing the bridge over the Refróias stream, a short climb allows you to contemplate almost the entire route up to the village.

300 250 200 150 100 50 0

200 m / 100 m

Max. / Min. altitude

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

250 200 150 100 50 0

0

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0

In Cercal, choose to continueVALEto SECOPorto Covo, where the Fishermen’s Trail begins, or continue south, towards S. Luís by the Historical Way.

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

ALTITUDE (m)

50 0 0

8

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22 23

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

200 150

There are several routes in this area. Pay attention to the signage and take the 2 4 6 10 12 14 16 17 opportunity to 8extend your stay.

S. TEOTÓNIO

6

250

150 100

4

DISTANCE (km)

Important warnings

200

2

VALE SECO

100 50 0 0

ODECEIXE

2

4

S. TEOTÓNIO (ALTERNATIVE)

Tips Refreshments along the way: at km 8.5, cross Vale das Éguas village.

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ODECEIXE

Historical Way

Cercal do Alentejo » Porto Covo Starting from Cercal, the first part of the route goes through small farms, with hedges, vegetable gardens and orchards.

Here, life passes to the rhythm of the sowing, the weed pruning and the crops. From an arid area, populated with eucalyptus, one arrives at a cork oak forest, and can also spot the famous strawberry tree.

Although it is a bush, the strawberry tree grows to in a tree-like in shape and size. A true biodiversity hotspot, there are more than 150 different species of plants that appear along the route! About a quarter of these plants are endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, and some only exist on the southwest coast of Portugal. Along the route, you will also catch the scent of aromatic plants, such as lavender, thyme, calamints or rosemary.

that we see it. The kestrels, small birds of prey, fly over the wheat fields in search of these birds and mice as their prey. One feels the presence of the sea in the air along your walk as you breath and take in the blue in the horizon.

Where to start?

Cercal do Alentejo: largo dos Caeiros (central roundabout).

Porto Covo: at the Market square.

Description of route From the roundabout in Cercal, take the road that goes towards Vila Nova de Milfontes and turn right to Humberto Delgado street. Walk down the street past the wellknown Casa do Médico (doctor’s house), ornated with beautiful tile panels. At the end, turn left onto Aldeia Galega street and further on, turn right onto Combatentes da Grande Guerra street. After passing by an old washhouse, take the first dirt path on your right and climb up to a peak to enjoy the view over the village. Continue by walking through a eucalyptus forest; afterwards, you will pass an estate nestled in the hills

On the coastal plateau, wheat fields dominate, where the larks, pipits, corn buntings and warblers cheer up the landscape even in the summer heat. These birds have perfect camouflage essential to escape predators, especially the nesting females. The nest is a geometrically perfect cup, dug into the ground and lined with dried herbs and moss. The lark’s nest is so mimetic that we may be looking at it and we don’t realize

PORTO COVO

Ilha do Pessegueiro

Forte da Ilha

Bica

Valverde

Praia dos Aivados Várzea da Mandorelha

Godins Velhos

Toca do Mocho

Praia do Malhão

22

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

This is the route that connects the Historical Way to the Fishermen’s Trail in the northern part of Rota Vicentina. On this route, the hiker to feels the strong connection between this region and the sea, traveling toward the coast to Porto Covo, a picturesque fishing village.

Fact sheet 16.5 km

Distance Approximate duration

5h

Accumulated climb

200 m

Accumulated descent

300 m Easy

Difficulty level

230 m / 0 m

Max. / Min. altitude

and surrounded by amazing diversity of nature with abundant cork oaks and various species of local flora. From here, the path will cross the Godins stream, then continue along the asphalt road for approximately 1 km and finally turn left, next to the high ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) walls of a property.

Take a path on your 250 200 right, lined with cork trees, and follow it 150 until you pass a cluster of houses. Then, 100 turn left at the old school of Cabeça da 50 0 Cabra pass between houses and, after 200 0 20 22 23 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 m, turn left again.

VALE SECO CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

Recommended season September till June

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

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CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

After another 300 m, take a path on your right towards a house and, after reaching it, DISTANCE (km) several (m) turn left. ContinueALTITUDE by walking past 250 houses through a beautiful area with cork 200 oaks and a stream. Keep walking straight, 150 100 crossing a small asphalt road and several 50 houses, until you reach the village Pouca 0 8 cross 0 2 4 Carefully 6 10 the12 15 take Farinha. road14and S. TEOTÓNIO (ALTERNATIVE) time to enjoy a good sandwich atODECEIXE the local cafe. Continue walking straight and look for a, small road, which will be difficult to spot.

After crossing it, you will start to see the ocean. Continue straight until you find the signs of the Fishermen’s Trail. Turn right, cross the river in the fishing port and you will arrive at Porto Covo.

16,5 PORTO COVO

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

150 100 50 0 0

2

ODECEIXE

Important warnings Pay attention to the signage as there are intersections with several Circular Routes.

Dicas Refreshments along the way: at km 13, at the village Pouca Farinha.

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19,5

ALJEZUR

Historical Way

Cercal do Alentejo » S. Luís The flatter areas of this section are liberally peppered with small orchards, vegetable patches and low-intensity farming, while in amongst the undergrowth can be found the remains of the area’s iron and manganese mines which operated here for over 40 years. The old mineshafts are now home to large colonies of several species of bat that work tirelessly, night after night, both as pest controllers and seed spreaders.

Every single night each bat eats 50% of its body weight in insects.

up onto the surface into springs that feed small streams, and the flora is unique, dominated by the beautiful and aromatic gum rockrose (Cistus ladanifer). The only blot on the horizon is the view of the ubiquitous eucalyptus plantations, a major cause of several losses to the area, soil in erosion, water due to the tree’s insatiable thirst, natural habitat due to its monoculture, and, of course, countryside employment. However, it is quite interesting to see how the local flora explodes whenever it finds an open, sunny area among the eucalyptus trees. Nature could flourish here, given the chance. After Serra do Penedo, you don’t even have to leave the trail to find some very rare species as they grow on the hard and dry soil right beside the path.

The southern part of this section becomes hillier and offers walkers some spectacular scenery, such as Rocha de Água d’Alte, and the breathtaking views of the coastline.

Underground streams sometimes bubble

Where to start?

Cercal do Alentejo: at the roundabout of Cercal do Alentejo (largo dos Caeiros).

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

S. Luís: next to the bus stop on the N120 road which crosses S. Luís.

Capela da F.te Santa

Description of route This section starts at the roundabout of Cercal. Head 300 m along the road towards Vila Nova de Milfontes and turn left, passing by a football field and a school. Soon, you will pass by a small chapel - the Ermida da Fonte Santa. About half an hour later, you will reach a viewpoint – from here, you can enjoy the first sights of the sea, the Mira River and Vila Nova de Milfontes.

The descent afterwards will reveal several ruins and the old mine galleries of Rosalgar, hidden among the vegetation. Closed in the late ‘90s, the mines are now inhabited only by bats.

After descent through a lush valley, you can take a detour of 600 m on the right to reach the top of the Rocha de Água D’Alte

Minas do Rosalgar

Rocha de Água d’Alte Serra do Toiro

Vagarosa

Serra do Penedo

S. LUÍS Corte Pinheiro

S. Domingos

24

This is Historical Way’s most mountainous section as well as a physically demanding one, with long ascent segments on harsh and irregular terrain.

But you will be rewarded with breathtaking views over the plains and the Atlantic ocean, right from the top of the hills.

Fact sheet 20.5 km

Distance Approximate duration

7h

Accumulated climb

500 m

Accumulated descent

500 m Average

Difficulty level

324 m / 60 m

Max. / Min. altitude

Recommended season September till June

– a cliff that impresses by its sheer size and, during the wet season, turns into a waterfall of about 17 m in height. After returning to the trail, you willALTITUDE find(m)theDISTANCE ruins(km)of an old warehouse.

From here, take the first turn 250 on the left and start climbing up. Located 200 150 on a mountain range and characterized by 100 rocky outcrops, the Penedo ridge stands 50 0 out as4 an island of biodiversity in 16,5 a land8 0 2 6 10 12 14 CERCAL scape DO ALENTEJO covered mainly by eucalyptus PORTO COVO trees.

Continue walking through the woods until the trail crosses an asphalt road. Shortly before arriving at S. Luís, don’t miss the (km) ALTITUDE (m) ascent to S. Domingos (800DISTANCE m detour) –a 150 peak of 324 m, from where you can truly 100 appreciate the grandeur of this area and the superb views of Porto Covo, Sines, the 50 ocean, and the village of S. Luís.

0 0

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12

Important warnings

ODECEIXE

14

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18

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0

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20,5

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

S. LUÍS

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 150 100 50 0

19,5

0

ALJEZUR

1

ALJEZUR

You will not find any refreshments along the way. You should bring water (1.5 L) and enough provisions for a walk that is one of the most demanding of the Historical Way. Pay attention to the signage as there are intersections with several Circular Routes.

Tips A demanding section: as the final part of this section can be a little exhausting, you can shorten it by going directly to S. Luís by the Circular Route. You will lose, however, the S. Domingos mountain range (the highest point of the Historical Way - 324 m).

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12

ARRIFANA

Historical Way

S. Luís » Odemira The first part of this section crosses farmland, cork oak forest and scrubland, a mosaic of habitats essential for the birds and mammals abundant in the area. You may well find evidence of wild boar, a species quite common in this region.

Insect-eating birds such as tits, nuthatches, warblers and short-toed treecreepers fly restlessly from tree to tree fighting the forest’s plagues efficiently and free of charge.

There are years when weather conditions are anything but helpful to these efficient insectivores and the forests suffer as a result.

The second half of this walk takes one along part of the very beautiful Torgal stream, a major tributary of the Mira river that drains into the Atlantic at Vila Nova de Milfontes. Pego das Pias is a uniquely beautiful spot where you’ll just want to stay a while, whether in the water or on land. It is a constant battle to keep this special place pristine so please don’t litter. On the banks and amongst the undergrowth there are hundreds of scented and medicinal plants, such as Genista tridentata found during spring, oregano during summer and wild asparagus during autumn. When you get to Odemira, you’ll meet the Mira river, still tidal here, even with over 20 km of its course to run.

Where to start?

S. Luís: next to the bus stop on the N120 road, which crosses S. Luís.

S. LUÍS Garatuja

Odemira: at the roundabout with the iron tree sculpture, near the river.

Cova da Zorra Seixinal

Zambujeira

Description of route

Pego da Laima

Troviscais

Follow the asphalt road for almost 1 km, and then turn right next to the houses that are nearby the path. The route initially will continue along a rural road with views of the hills, passing by large estates and descending gradually until crossing the Torgal stream – one of the most important tributaries of the Mira –, which will accompany you during this walk. Cross the small cement bridge and go up until you pass through a eucalyptus wood. Then, start descending, enjoying from above the unspoilt forest-clad valley with its abundance of water and wildlife.

Ribeira do Torgal

Ribeira da Capelinha

Pego das Pias

Sol Posto

Vale Longo de Baixo

Vale Palhete Rio Mira

ODEMIRA

After crossing the bridge over the stream of Vale de Ferro, you will find Pego da Laima – an idyllic and unexpected site illustrating the environment characteristic to this section.

Bemposta

26

This is the water section, where a different, green and vibrant Alentejo reveals itself before your eyes, with refreshing water streams and ponds – ribeira do Torgal being the protagonist – where forests of valuable species such as ash tree, willow and alder trees abound, covering the banks of water streams.

Fact sheet

Approximate duration

1

2

3

4

Warnings

ALJEZUR

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

8h

Accumulated climb

300 m

Accumulated descent

450 m

Difficulty level

Average 170 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. altitude

The path will continue along the stream until it crosses another bridge. Cross the bridge, turn left and, after 1.5 km, don’t miss the road on your right intersecting a wider path. On your right, just 1 km away from the main path, there isALTITUDE one(m)of the most iconic DISTANCE (km) sites of this region – Pego das Pias – an area 350 300 of monumental rocks and lush vegetation, 250 200 which should not be missed. Please, leave 150 100 this place clean and help us by taking away 50 0 any rubbish that10you12find.

After returning on 2 4 6 8 14 16 18 20,5 0 trail, continue to walk along the CERCAL the DO ALENTEJO S. LUÍS riverbank until reaching the main road. Follow it for 500 m and then, next to a house, take an ascending path on your right. From here, DISTANCE (km) ALTITUDE there are still 5 km to go (m) through eucalyptus 150 forest, followed by the highlight of this sec100 tion – your arrival in Odemira, accompanied by the views of the Mira River, meandering 50 through the fields below.

0 0

25 km

Distance

Recommended season September till June

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

14

20

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24 25 ODEMIRA

stream. You will be 14 km from Odemira.

DISTANCE (km) ALTITUDE (m) Total: 18 km.

200

From Odemira: take a taxi to Ponte do Sol Posto (5 km) and ask to be dropped off at 50 where the dirt track crosses on the right0 0 2 4 400 6 8 before 10 12 the 14 bridge.

16 18 20 22 24 hand side, m Follow theARRIFANA path until you find the markers. It isCARRAPATEIRA 19 km from S. Luís. You can also combine both suggestions and shorten the walk even more.

150 100

12

ARRIFANA

Carefull! In this route you will have to walk along roads with traffic. Walk with caution and always on the left side of the road so that you stay visible for oncoming traffic.

Refreshments along the way: at km 11, you will find a detour of 4 km up to the villages of Zambujeira and Castelão. This route is not marked.

Tips This is a long section. If you want to shorten the walk we give two suggestions: From S. Luís: take a taxi to the village of Zambujeira/Castelão, 5 km south along the N120 road. From here, head initially along an asphalt road and then on to a dirt track until it intersects with Rota Vicentina (4 km) on a concrete bridge over the Torgal 27

Historical Way

Sabóia » Odemira In the unique waters of the Mira, you can find in abundance everything from fish, to tortoises, to water snakes and otters. The riparian vegetation, dominated by poplars, ash trees, alders, reeds and willows, is a place of refuge and breeding for many species of birds, insects and bats. Wetland reeds and rushes near the shores are essential for migratory birds. Some of these floodplain areas were transformed into agricultural meadows with fresh, fertile soils.

The second cork is removed 9 to 10 years later, but the next runs are of higher value.

The cork tree has a longevity of 150 to 200 years and its cork can be removed about 15 to 17 times. The harvesting takes place between June and August, a period in which the cork comes off more easily. This is a very specialized job, because it is necessary to peel the cork tree without hurting it.

The rural Alentejo is described by Miguel Torga as a “free world, without walls, that let all the invasions pass and remained untouched, oblivious to the mutations of history”. It is this integrity, but also this toughness and solitude, that can be felt as you walk through some large local agricultural estates, which once functioned as tiny villages with a church and a school.

In contrast, the slopes adjacent to the river are arid with sparse, poor soil. As the great 20th century Portuguese writer, Miguel Torga, once wrote, erosion “took all the flesh and left only the bones.” The cork oak is one of the few trees that manages to live with so little, dominating along these slopes overlooking the river. The bark of its trunks, the cork, has great importance in the local economy. The first harvest of cork occurs when the trunk is 70 cm in diameter and 25 to 30 years old. That is why the cork oaks are said to be planted for the grandchildren.

The landscape of this seemingly unchanging trail hides an unbelievable natural history. Here lived mammoths, elephants, bears, and lions who dwelled in the caves.

The appearance and extinction of these large mammals were related to the climatic oscillations of the last two million years, during which more than sixty glacial periods were interrupted by short warm periods.

ODEMIRA

Rio Mira

Bemposta

Where to start?

Avé Sol

Sabóia: at the train station of Santa Clara-Sabóia.

Refróias

Odemira: at the roundabout with the iron tree sculpture, near the river.

Camachos

Santa Clara-a-Velha Rio Mira

28

Sabóia

Bom Sítio

Barragem de S.ta Clara

Starting at the train station of Santa Clara-Sabóia, this route, the longest of Rota Vicentina, meanders along the Mira river. In it, we feel immersed in the vastness of the space, sounds, and colors of nature. There is no better way to feel springtime in Alentejo.

Fact sheet

Description of route

Difficulty level

33 km

Distance

Start from the train station, pass a large house and turn right after crossing a small bridge. Pass several houses and farms and continue walking straight until you reach the cemetery of Sabóia. The village itself is 300 m further ahead, but the route will continue on your right. AfterALTITUDE crossing the Mira River, (m) DISTANCE (km) turn left and walk along a meadow for about 200 1.5 km. Up to this point, the route is marked 150 white, red and yellow, since it overlaps with 100 50 a Circular Route. From here, the Circular 0 Route turns to the right towards the village 8 2 4 6 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 25 0 Way conS. LUÍS of Santa Clara, while the HistoricalODEMIRA tinues across a bridge, going straight along the banks of the Mira. After 3.3 km, the trail will lead upwards, revealing a beautiful scenDISTANCE (km) (m) ery over the valley.ALTITUDE Continue walking, and, 200 after passing an old farm, turn left and start 150 descending until you find a wooden bridge.

100 Cross it and turn right; soon you will see a 50 large wooden walkway. Afterwards, turn to 0 0 2the4left 6 and 8 walk 10 12for14about 16 18 24 right 15020m,22turn ARRIFANA to the northeast and continue CARRAPATEIRA walking until you encounter another bridge; then, ascend to the asphalt road. Just before the village of Fonte Santa, exit the road on the right.

While there is no cafe here, don’t hesitate to ask a friendly local if you need a glass of water – there is plenty of hospitality to be found. The path will follow along a slope – enjoy the spectacular views from the peak.

A little further on, pass Monte da Boeira farm and turn right, crossing the river. On the other bank, follow the path on your left, leading through the valley, with the river staying on the left. Little by little, the forest will become denser and you will begin to see large farms. After passing a quaint farm with horses, you will be about 6 km away from Odemira. The entrance to the town of

Approximate duration

10h

Accumulated climb

350 m

Accumulated descent

400 m Average 100 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. altitude

Recommended season September till June

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

150 100 50 0 0

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6

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SABÓIA

18

21

24

27

30

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ODEMIRA

Odemira – also the seat of the main office DISTANCE (km) (m) of the municipality – is byALTITUDE Combatentes da 150 Guerra street. Afterwards, pass along the 100 town hall, largo Sousa Prado garden, and, finally, the bus station before arriving at the 50 office of Rota Vicentina, located nearby the 0 8River.

2of the 4 6 10 12 14 16 18 20 21,5 0 banks Mira CARRAPATEIRA

VILA DO BISPO

Important warnings At the beginning of the hike, there are several intersections with the Circular Route.

Pay attention to the signage and consider prolonging your stay in this area to hike some or all of these unique routes.

This route is very long and currently has no locations or amenities for overnight stays or meals. Bring food and water. When walking the route, make sure to keep all gates and fences closed.

Tips This route can be shortened by 2 km if you start in Sabóia.

29

Historical Way

Odemira » S. Teotónio The first part of this section follows the Mira River. The banks are lined either by thick reed beds or by over-hanging trees, and both are essential nesting habitats for various different species of bird, (including reed and sedge warblers), providing shelter, nesting material and food. Otters can also be seen frequently along this stretch, and its droppings, called “scats”, mainly made up of fish scales and bones as well as the carapaces of signal crayfish, are unmistakable.

The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) grows abundantly along this section, and has been used by man since time immemorial. No part of it goes to waste; the trunk and branches are used as firewood and to make charcoal, its leaves are used in decoration and its delicious fruit is used to make jam or the famous local brandy called medronho. Why not have a taste in one of the many cafes and tascas along the way, as you cross the region walking Rota Vicentina?

The crystal-clear water in the many streams you will cross along the way promote a great variety of different damselflies and dragonflies that flit in and out of the shade or cruise up and down their stretch of water.

Where to start?

Odemira: at the roundabout with the iron tree sculpture, near the river.

S. Teotónio: at the church square (largo Gomes Freire, called Quintalão).

Description of route

Rio Mira

ODEMIRA

The route begins by the Mira river in the town of Odemira. After crossing the first bridge, continue walking straight. Take the first turn on the left and continue walking along the Mira, while enjoying the view of the town and the countryside surrounding it. After passing by the agricultural property Avé Sol, where you will see guard dogs, horses and cattle, the path will divert to the south, climbing and descending, until it finally crosses the asphalt road that connects the villages of Boavista dos Pinheiros and Sabóia. Walk along the road for about 150 m, and turn right at the first opportunity. From here, you will walk along the charming S. Teotónio stream that runs parallel to the path, providing coolness and making this part of walk a real pleasure. Before reaching Vale de Linhares, the trail will cross the stream twice, first at a cement bridge and then across the riverbed – another opportunity to cool off as you might even have to take off your boots.

Avé Sol

Boavista do Pinheiros

Refróias

Ribeira de S. Teotónio

Camachos

Vale de Linhares

S. TEOTÓNIO

Zebro Quintas

30

In one of Rota Vicentina’s most accessible sections – always wide and with mild ascents and descents – you’ll walk along the Mira River and the S. Teotónio stream , getting in close contact with the beauty of the inland area of this municipality, between the hills and the sea.

Fact sheet 19 km

Distance

6h

Approximate duration Accumulated climb

350 m

Accumulated descent

220 m Easy

Difficulty level

180 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. altitude

Once in Vale de Linhares, you will have to turn left before the house on the side of the road and cross another bridge. Pass by two walled ruins and start ascending along a wide footpath, where the remains ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) of an ancient pavement are still visible, then 150 cross the irrigation channel. Near the end 100 of this section, you will pass by Quintas – a 50 row of houses nearby the roadside, which 0 will signal your arrival in24S. Teotónio.

Turn 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 27 30 33 0 heart of SABÓIA left and follow the road into the ODEMIRA this village.

Recommended season September till June

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

200 150 100 50 0 0

2

4

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10

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14

ODEMIRA

16

18 19 S. TEOTÓNIO

Important warnings ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

You will not find any refreshments along the way. You should bring water (1.5 L) and enough provisions for the day walk.

150 100 50 0 0

DISTANCE (km)

150 100 50 0

8 21,5 2 4 attention 6 10 12 14 16 18as 20 Pay to the signage there are VILA DO BISPO intersections with a Circular Route.

0

CARRAPATEIRA

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VILA DO BISPO

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CABO DE S. VICENTE

Historical Way

S. Teotónio » Odeceixe It is worth doing this trail in the spring, when the turbulence of the winter floods has subsided and life is emerging all around you.

Both along the streams and in the shrubs, the biodiversity is absolutely astounding. Pterospartum tridentatum, oregano, sage-leaved rock-rose, pink rock-rose, laurustinus, myrtle, heather, broom, common hawthorn, mastic tree or flax-leaved daphne are just some of the bushes that abound along the route. Birds respond to this diversity by filling the space with the sound their singing and the views of their skillful flights. The vegetable gardens and fields occupy the floodplains with flat, fresh and fertile soils, ground that is quite rare in this landscape of poor, sparse soil.

The riparian galleries are fantastic, with ash trees, alder, portuguese oak, willow and tamarisk. The leaves of these trees are deciduous, letting the light enter the flowing streams in the winter and protecting the habitats during the summer with their shade. When crossing the streams, note the holes carved into the bedside barriers: they are made by the southwestern water vole, a friendly rodent reminiscent of a small beaver, not only in the shape of its body, but also in its aquatic agility. In autumn, it is worth asking the inhabitants of the rural houses to taste the unique fruit from their orchards. There are many local varieties of fruits and vegetables that are now being defended from extinction, by associations and by the rural communities themselves.

Where to start?

S. Teotónio: in the church’s square (largo Gomes Freire, called Quintalão).

Zambujeira do Mar

Odeceixe: in the beginning of rua do Rio street.

S. TEOTÓNIO

Description of route Start from the church square walking towards the cemetery and follow the path to the left. Watch your steps, as you will be walking on old pavement. When you reach the crossroads, the path will turn left, ascending and leading through a serene grove, rich with cork oaks, Portuguese oaks, pine and strawberry trees. At the top, look back down on S. Teotónio village, nestled below. Attention, at 2.8 km you will find the alternative route. After walking along the plateau for 200 m on the wide dirt road that leads to the village of Delfeira, the path will turn to the right and go south, descending through the well preserved ravine of Vale de Fecho. At the end of the descent, continue walking straight through a forest of

Vale de Fecho Brejão

Vale Juncal Selão Ribeira do Cerrado Vale de Alhos

ODECEIXE

S. Miguel

Ribeira de Seixe

32

This route will be a memorable day hiking, that will take you through remote paths covered in native and well preserved vegetation, descending into deep valleys and climbing again up into mountain heights to enjoy the view over the houses of Odeceixe and the sea.

At the end, the Algarve will be in sight and the route will connect with the Fishermen’s Trail.

Fact sheet Distance

17 km / 15 km

Approximate duration

6h/5h

Accumulated climb

400 m / 200 m

Accumulated descent

550m / 350 m ALTITUDE (m)

300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Difficulty level

DISTANCE (km)

Average / Easy

Max. / Min. altitude

190 m / 10 m

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Recommended season September till16June18

0

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

ALTITUDE (m)

VALE SECO

Topographic profiles ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

tall eucalyptus. When the main road turns to the right, you must continue straight, 200 150 passing by ruins and walking through a 100 50 plantation of eucalyptus until arriving at 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Now, 18 0 and crossing the Cerrado stream. you SANTIAGO DO CACÉM VALE SECO will start a steep ascent with several twists and turns. Yet, the arrival at the top will be well worth the effort, as you will experience the magnificent views fromDISTANCE the (km) mountain ALTITUDE (m) range of the village of Odeceixe and the 200 Atlantic Ocean. From here, you will begin 150 to descend towards Vale de Alhos. This is 100 a demanding part of the walk that can be 50 0 hard on your knees and joints, especially, 8 0 2 4 6 10 12 14 16 17 if you are traveling with a heavy ODECEIXE backpack.

S. TEOTÓNIO 300 250

250

ALTITUDE (m)

200 200 150

DISTANCE (km) DISTANCE (km)

100 150 50 100 0 50 0

2

4

0 VALE SECO 0 2

6 4

8

10

12

14

16

20

18

22 23

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

8

6

10

12

14

S. TEOTÓNIO

16 17 ODECEIXE

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

250 200 150 100 50 0 0

2

4

S. TEOTÓNIO (ALTERNATIVE)

6

8

10

12

14

15

ODECEIXE

Afterwards, the route will now continue In these periods of intense rain, the secalong a road for 2.5 km towards the village tion between S. Miguel and Odeceixe can of S. Miguel. At the entrance of the village, be flooded, making it impossible to cross turn left, walking across two bridges – one the Seixe stream. In this case finish your of cement, the other of wood – and arriving walk in the village of S. Miguel, or follow at Odeceixe along the southern bank of the the road to Odeceixe. river. From here, it is possible to continue to the south towards Aljezur either by fol- The alternative, shorter trail starts at the lowing the Historical Way, or the Fisher- marking to exit S. Teotónio: 1 km after the men’s Trail. departure of S. Teotónio, the road is marked alternately with cairns (stacked stones) Important warnings in order to safeguard the interests of the landlords and the hikers of Rota Vicentina.

The longer trail passes through an incredibly beautiful valley. However, keep in mind Tips that it cannot be hiked during periods of high precipitation. If here is rain during your Refreshments along the way: At 14 km, in hike, opt for the shorter trail. the village of S. Miguel.

33

Historical Way

Odeceixe » Aljezur Groundwater is so abundant in this coastal plateau that it surfaces in certain places at lower elevation, giving rise to wetlands, locally called brejo (marshes). The vegetation is unique, since not all plants can support so much water permanently in the soil. For some animals, swamps are places of food, shelter or breeding. The butterfly Euphydrias aurinia, protected at European level, is one example of a species that depend on these mosaics of humid meadows full of rushes and reeds. These marshes are also the ideal habitat for the Cabrera’s vole, and the swamps are prime hunting places for birds and bats who hunt the small mammals and insects that live there.

Praia de Odeceixe

In the small woods between agricultural parcels, aromatic shrubs like juniper, shrubby everlasting, lavender and rosemary thrive. In these groves it is also easy to find some rare plants, exclusive to the southwest of Portugal, such as Adenocarpus anisochilus, Euphorbia transtagana, Thymus camphoratus and Centaurea vicentina. In this area, partridges, quails, cattle egrets, European turtle doves, storks and starlings cohabitate with the people of the region, and you can often hear the common nightingale singing in the riparian galleries.

At dusk, you can watch the elegance and agility of bats hunting insects over ponds or around public lighting. All species of bats that live in Portugal eat insects. Each animal consumes more than half of its weight in flying or crawling insects per night, with thousands of tons of insects annually consumed by bats! Bats thus play a very important ecological role, helping to control insect populations and prevent pests and diseases.

ODECEIXE

Malhadais

Where to start?

Baía dos Tiros

Odeceixe: at the beggining of Rua do Rio street.

Maria Vinagre Praia do Vale dos Homens

Aljezur: next to the market of Aljezur.

Description of route

Rogil

Walk through Odeceixe by following the staircase that passes near the church until you reach the windmill. Here you can stop to catch your breath and appreciate the view. Continue going up the slope until arriving at the village of Malhadais. Keep walking straight and pass the water tanks.

After approximately 200 m, turn left following the red and white signs (the Circular Route Odeceixe to the Sea will continue straight). Follow a small road until you

Carrascalinho

Cerca dos Pomares

Mariares Ribeira de Aljezur

ALJEZUR

34

250 200 150 100 50 0 0

This route along the coastal plateau crosses pastures and agricultural fields with sweet potatoes, corn, peanuts and tomatoes, through pinewood and eucalyptus patches. Throughout the settlements and hamlets, gardens have been cultivated in the same way for centuries in a ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) very precise sequence, determined by the moons and solstices. For many families, the land provides over half of their livelihood, 20 22 23 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 supplying fruit, vegetables, milk, eggs and livestock.

VALE SECO

Fact sheet 19.5 km

Distance Approximate duration

6h 200 m

Accumulated climb

200 m

Accumulated descent ALTITUDE (m) 250

DISTANCE (km)

Easy

Difficulty level

200 150 100

110 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. altitude

50 0

8 2 4 6season 10 12 14 June 16,5 September till Recommended

0

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

PORTO COVO

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

150

250 200

100

reach the football field, where the trail will turn right, following a narrow path leading 50 0 to the main road. Be careful when cross8 0 2 4 6 10 12 14 15 ing it! Afterwards, continue walking in S. TEOTÓNIO (ALTERNATIVE) ODECEIXE the same direction through agricultural fields and forests, following the red, yellow and white signs, as this part of the trail overlaps with to the Circular Route Odeceixe to the River. After 1.7 km, turn right and leave the Circular Route, following the red and white signs only. A little ahead, you will cross two smaller roads while walking between farms, vegetable gardens and forests, and approaching Rogil. Before reaching this village, the trail will continue along a path parallel to the main road. After leaving Rogil, do not be intimidated by the 2 km of asphalt road ahead; afterwards, the path will turn to a dirt road going southwest.

150 100

50 0 0

2

4

6

8

10

ODECEIXE

12

14

16

18

19,5

ALJEZUR

the market. If you still have some energy left after the trek, take the opportunity to explore the village. Walk up to the castle and get to know Aljezur by exploring Historic-Cultural and Environmental Circuit of 5.5 km.

Important warnings Be careful when crossing the national road, when leaving Odeceixe and entering Rogil.

Attention: the last 200 m of this section are coincident with the next section, Aljezur » Arrifana.

The landscape will gradually change and transform to scrubland with plenty of gum rockrose – a sign that you are getting closer to the coast. After seeing the Espartal house overlooking the impressive valley of Aljezur stream, you will pass by a campsite, turn right and start a long descent crossing the road to Amoreira beach. Afterwards, cross the bridge and continue along the main street to the Municipal Museum.

From here, the trail descends, leading to

Be aware at the junctions with the Circular Routes, always follow the red and white markings.

Tips Refreshments along the way: in Rogil, there are cafes, restaurants, lodgings and pharmacy.

35

Historical Way

Aljezur » Arrifana From the top of the legendary castle of Aljezur, one of the seven that are represented in the flag of Portugal, the flat and fertile soils of the floodplains are home to the famous and incomparable sweet potato of Aljezur. The streams meander through these fields with their magnificent galleries of cottonwood, alders, ash trees, tamarisk, and willows. Man has lived respectfully and harmoniously with this natural world, strongly influenced by the change in seasons. As a result, we find an agricultural landscape rich in diversity, especially regarding plants, insects, birds, amphibians and mammals. In the spring, butterflies rival the flowers in the colorful explosion that occurs.

the steep coast between Vila Nova de Milfontes and Sagres. Here, ships came from Lisbon, Flanders and Castile. Before reaching the coast, you will cross mountainous areas where eucalyptus predominates. The heavy planting of the eucalyptus is owed to the growing need for paper, and strips the region’s forest of their original natural character. The eucalyptus diminishes biodiversity, above and below ground, consumes enormous amounts of water, contributes to soil erosion and leads to the depletion of mineral nutrients. When you spot the sea rising from the horizon, in a landscape swept by salty winds, where shrubs predominate, you can anticipate the arrival of the incomparable Arrifana Bay.

Exiting the village you can take in the beauty of the stream running through the valley of Aljezur, extending to Amoreira beach. Here you can imagine what Aljezur must have looked like in the fifteenth century, when all this valley was navigable, constituting the only port of shelter from

Where to start?

Aljezur: next to the market of Aljezur.

Arrifana: next to the parking lot at the top of Arrifana beach.

Description of route Start by going up to the Municipal Museum and pass by the church, continuing walking down to the dirt road behind the village. If you have not visited the castle yet, take a detour and make sure not to leave Aljezur without enjoying the superb view over the village and the surrounding meadows. The path continues along the Amoreira valley, passing an old reconstructed farmhouse. From here, it begins to ascend and crosses a road that leads to Monte Clérigo. From the top, the view over Amoreira beach and the village is inspiring.

Continue walking on the trail parallel to the road for 400 m. Here, the Historical Way will turn left, whereas the Fishermen’s Trail will continue straight. Cross the valley, walking between eucalyptus trees and rockroses until you reach a wider path, and

Praia da Amoreira Monte Clérigo Espartal

Ponta da Atalaia

Ribeira de Aljezur

Vale da Telha

ARRIFANA

Vales

ALJEZUR

Praia da Arrifana

Praia do Canal

36

This is a pleasant and short day walk, which can be extended by following the Fishermen’s Trail towards Arrifana or continuing south towards the villages of Bordeira and Carrapateira. You will cross perfumed valleys and small farms as you approach the coast, anticipating tomorrow’s route.

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km)

Fact sheet 12 km

Distance Approximate duration

4h 250 m

Accumulated climb

200 m

Accumulated descent ALTITUDE (m) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

250

then turn left. After approximately 1 km, 100 turn right and continue going straight until 50 you reach a road. Here, turn left again and 0 8 0 2 4 6 10 250 12 m, 14 16,5 turncontinue walking for before CERCAL DO ALENTEJO COVO ing onto the first path on the PORTO right.

After passing a few hills with houses scattered across them and another slope with ruins on it, the path will approach the ocean, DISTANCE (km) ALTITUDE (m) leading through shrubs and pine trees. At 150 the fork of the Historical Way, follow the 100 path to the right, enjoying the panoramic 50 view over hills and valleys. From here, you 0 can already catch a glimpse of Arrifana 8 0 2 4 6 10 12 14 16 18 19,5 beach. Keep descending until you reach ODECEIXE ALJEZUR an asphalt road; then, continue walking along the left side of it until you see the outstanding Arrifana bay.

200 150

DISTANCE (km)

Easy

Difficulty level

120 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. altitude

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 till 18June 20,5 September Recommended season

0

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

S. LUÍS

Topographic profile DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 150 100 50 0 0

1

ALJEZUR

Important warnings Along this route you will have to walk along and cross multiple times roads that may have traffic. Walk with caution and always on the left side of the road so that you stay visible for oncoming traffic.

Attention: the first 200 m and the last 2.2 km of this route are coincident with the adjacent sections.

Tips If you have energy left to continue, go for another 1 km to see the ruins of Arrifana Fortress. From here, you will be able to fully appreciate the magnificent view of the place you have just arrived at.

Refreshments along the way: at km 5 at the junction along the road M1003, making a detour of 600 m on the right towards Vales.

37

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

ARRIFANA

Historical Way

Arrifana » Carrapateira Description of route

In this admirable section there is the con­ stant and simultaneous presence of the hills and the sea, pristine nature and the unique presence of man. It’s practically a step-bystep summary of what Rota Vicentina has to offer: the power of the sea pouring over ancient cliffs or on quiet sandy beaches, undergrowths full of colour and aromas, an extraordinary biodiversity of fauna, tranquil woods of cork, wild olive and oak trees, meadows cultivated by man at his leisure, visited at night by boars and badgers, a spring which erupts in flowers and colourful insects, a fall that has mushrooms and edible wild plants, points of contemplation at sea level, at the top of the cliff, in the intimacy of the woods or on top of a hill. It is worth while taking a longer look at Canal beach and the village of Bordeira.

Start from the parking lot, and take the asphalt road towards Aljezur. After 1 km, turn onto the dirt road on your right. Walk through shrubs with the ocean on one side and hills and valleys on the other until the fork of the Historical Way. The trail on the left will bring you to Aljezur. For Carrapateira, you should continue south, passing by Canal beach with its breathtaking view of the coastline and Vale de Figueiras beach. The final part of the descent will lead you along a narrow path. Afterwards, cross a small stream and continue walking up along its other bank,

ARRIFANA

The undergrow th which populates much of this section is rich in Cistus and Lentiscus, the fruit of which is a delicacy for seed eating birds. On the rocky beaches lashed by the sea it is common to find rocks, well rounded by constant erosion from waves and tides. These are pieces of dark rock from the cliffs, often decorated with white stripes of quartz, in geometric designs. Heading inland between spots of pine and eucalyptus on clay soils, cork oaks, straw­berry trees and farmland where cattle graze, the presence of small holdings an­ nounce your arrival at a village. After passing the village of Bordeira, the view over the valley of the Bordeira river and the estuary, where it joins the Carrapateira Rivers highlights once again the beauty of the region.

Vales

Praia da Arrifana

Pedra da Agulha Praia do Canal

Valinhos Praia de Vale Figueiras Monte Novo

Ribeira da Bordeira Praia da Bordeira

Where to start?

Cerro da Cunca

Arrifana: at the parking area on the top of Arrifana beach.

Bordeira

CARRAPATEIRA

Carrapateira: in the village centre (largo do Comércio).

38

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0

Pedra da Agulha seen from Canal beach, Vale Figueira’s vast sand stretch revealed during low tide and a succession of hills and valleys, confirm the most aggressive and inaccessible side of this coastal area. Upon arrival, a privileged view over Bordeira Beach’s sand dunes the(km)creek ALTITUDE (m)and DISTANCE that meets the ocean here, in a setting that repeats itself over and over again and characterizes Vicentina Coast’s beaches.

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

150 100

16

18

Fact sheet

Approximate duration

8h 500 m

Accumulated climb

550 m

Accumulated descent ALTITUDE (m) 200

DISTANCE (km)

Average

Difficulty level

150 100 50 0

20,5

150 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. altitude

8 season 2 4 6 10 12 14 16 18 20 till 22June 24 25 September Recommended

0

S. LUÍS

S. LUÍS

ODEMIRA

Topographic profile

leaving the beach behind.

After the ascent, DISTANCE (km) ALTITUDE (m) you will walk through an area of eucalyptus trees. After walking straight for a while, take the path to the right.

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 200 150 100

50 0

24 km

Distance

50

At the entrance of Monte Novo village, 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 the Fishermen’s Trail turns to ARRIFANA the right.

ALJEZUR Go through the village, turning left after a fenced hill with cattle grazing. From here, the trail keeps ascending and descending, until you cross the road N268. Continue straight along the asphalt road, passing several houses and a junkyard until you are back on the dirt track. Continue walking straight until crossing the Bordeira river at the bottom of the valley and turn right, arriving in Bordeira by a path that runs parallel to the road. Once at the top, feel the breeze of the ocean. The trail will continue along the Aguçadeira stream, which you will have to cross twice. At the highest point of this section – Cerro da Cunca –, enjoy the panoramic view over the valley of Bordeira beach. From here, the trail will start to descend, passing by a house in the foothills and then turn left, onto the road leading to Carrapateira.

0 0

2

ARRIFANA

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

CARRAPATEIRA

Pay attention to the signage as there are intersections with other routes.

Attention: the first 2.2 km of this section are the same as the last 2.2 km of the previous section Aljezur > Arrifana.

Tips Take advantage of the Circular Routes of Bordeira and Carrapateira to stay a few more days in to get to know these unique areas.

Important warnings This is a long route where you will find supplies at km 9 and almost at the end, so be sure to bring enough water and supplies to last the entire route.

39

Historical Way

Carrapateira » Vila do Bispo The beginning of this section treats us to scenery in which the mountain range spreads as far as the coast, ending up on the beach. Rocks, hillsides, streams or plains in deep valleys, are some of the features that make up the aesthetic landscape and constitute a mosaic of habitats with distinct ecological functions.

spring, in addition to thousands of tadpoles, the ponds are populated by birds, tortoises, mammals and plants. In April and May the flowers offer a palette of colours: blue forget-me-not, yellow narcissi, lilac hyacinths, purple orchids, white marigolds. In summer, this island of diversity goes into aestivation presenting a deserted and desolate aspect.

En route to the interior, on the way to Vilarinha and Pedralva villages, along the riverbanks, there are tamarisk, willow, ash and Portuguese oaks. On the drier slopes, grow cork oak, maritime and stone pines, oleaster and olive trees. On the steepest slopes, you can admire the natural vegetation, virtually untouched by man, with dense scrub under the cover of cork trees.

In this undergrowth strawberry tree, white heather, scotch heather, Viburnum tinus, rock rose, lentiscus, wild asparagus, laurel and gorse are in abundance.

When crossing the forest perimeter of Vila do Bispo, go quietly and use binoculars because wildlife sightings are likely to occur, especially birds.

Where to start?

Carrapateira: at the main square (largo do Comércio).

Praia da Bordeira Bordeira

CARRAPATEIRA

Next to the wind farm, which you will pass after Pedralva, you can find some temporary ponds. These constitute a habitat of prioritary conservation, since they have a very original flora and fauna, adapted to a life of 3 to 6 months in aquatic environment and the rest of the year in terrestrial environment. The ponds are perhaps the richest habitat in biodiversity in Southwest Portugal, fundamental, for example, for the reproduction of most of its amphibians. The ponds are free from predators of eggs and tadpoles precisely because they are temporary (they dry up in summer), so they are a safe place in which to lay eggs. The most emblematic species of the ponds of Vila do Bispo is Triops vicentinus, an endemic tadpole shrimp from the Southwest Portugal. With its 70 pairs of legs and 3 eyes, it can be considered a living fossil, since it is contemporary with the dinosaurs and has remained unchanged for almost 200 million years! From autumn to

Ribeira da Carrapateira Praia do Amado Vilarinha

Pedralva

Parque Eólico Pena Furada

Três Casas Raposeira

VILA DO BISPO

40

After the magnificent views over Bordeira beach, the beauty of pristine valleys, where one can barely feel the human presence, the picturesque villages of Vilarinha and Pedralva, you will be ready to face the strong winds that are expected with the arrival in Vila do Bispo.ALTITUDE A section where (m) DISTANCE (km) is possible to experience the essence of the Vicentina Coast.

200 150 100

Fact sheet

Approximate duration

150

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24 25

Easy

Difficulty level

140 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. altitude

3 6 9 12 15 18September 21 24 27till 30 June33 Recommended season

0

ODEMIRA

SABÓIA

Vila do Bispo: at the church.

Description of route ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

100

0 4

280 m ALTITUDE (m)

50

2

350 m

Accumulated descent

0 S. LUÍS

7h

Accumulated climb

50

0

21.5 km

Distance

ODEMIRA

Topographic profile

DISTANCE (km)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

200

150

Departing from Carrapateira, start walking upwards along narrow and steep alleys 50 towards the Land and Sea Museum, contin0 uing your ascent until you reach a geodesic 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 mark. Look around and enjoy CARRAPATEIRA the stunning ARRIFANA views over Bordeira beach, the village and the surrounding hills. After descending to the valley, turn right next to an old house and continue walking along a footpath until it joins a road, parallel to the river and leading to the village of Vilarinha. At the junction, choose which way you want to walk (see Important warnings). Opting for the right path, you will go through the village of Vilarinha and then go up the hill on the left. Alternatively, you can choose to continue walking through the valley, along the streams of Carrapateira and Sinceira, which you will have to cross several times.

150

100

100

50 0 0

2

4

6

8

10

CARRAPATEIRA

12

14

16

18

20 21,5

VILA DO BISPO

proceed along a sandy path, surrounded by pines and scrubland, crossing several wide dirt tracks until you reach the main road. Continue walking along the road for approximately 150 m, then turn to a parallel track on the right. From here, have a glimpse of the houses and the ocean of the south coast of the Algarve, as you arrive in the village of Vila do Bispo.

Important warnings During the winter and periods of heavy rain: between Vilarinha and Pedralva, you can choose to follow the valley (not possible in case of heavy rains), or follow a very beautiful trail through the mountains.

Once the both paths meet, head south and cross the village of Pedralva through a valley with vegetable gardens, houses, orchards and grazing areas. Approximately 1.2 km after the village, the path will ascend leading right until it reaches the wind farm.

From here, cross to the other side of the road, pass by the walled ruins and start descending, following the path on your right through a well-preserved valley rich in strawberry trees and other local species. After climbing up again, turn left and

Pay attention to the signage as there are intersections with several Circular Routes.

Tips Refreshments along the way: at km 9.5, you’ll pass the village of Pedralva.

41

Historical Way

Vila do Bispo » Cabo de S. Vicente On this section, the very high cliffs provide unique scenery. Ornithologists and birdwatchers are attracted to Sagres by the autumnal migration of soaring birds and seabirds, which amount to more than 5000 individuals from more than 300 species. In fact, Sagres is the stage of the Birdwatching Festival that takes place annually in October.

resting and feeding during the day. Other species migrate during the day, as in the case of eagles, storks, flamingos, wagtails or bee-eaters. Among the resident birds, it is worth mentioning the little bustard and the red-billed chough, which have in Vila do Bispo the only breeding center in the south of Portugal. The merlin can be found here in the winter.

Migratory species can be seen, such as whinchats, wheatears, subalpine warblers, spectacled warblers, booted eagles, black kites, European honey buzzards, shorttoed snake eagles, hawks, red kites, lesser kestrels, Eurasian hobby, Eleonora’s falcons, hen harriers, Montagu’s harriers, western marsh harriers, black storks and different species of vultures. Less often, the Iberian imperial eagle and the golden eagle appear. In addition, several seabirds can be easily observed, like the scopoli’s shearwater, great black-backed gull, great skua, sandwich tern and common terns.

Most passerines migrate during the night,

The vegetation dominates this trail following along the cliff. It crosses the Sagres Biogenetic Reserve, a sanctuary for botanists because of the rare chalk soil plants and species unique to the world, some of them previously thought to be extinct.

The undergrowth is dominated by gorse, heath, thistle, Lithodora lusitanica, rosemary, thyme, violet and hyacinth. You are about to finish the Historical Way of Rota Vicentina, but before you’ll pass an area called Vale Santo. For centuries, it was part of the pilgrimage route of the devotees of Saint Vincent, whose journey finished at a monastery, where nowadays the lighthouse of Cabo de S. Vicente is located.

Where to start?

Casa do Guarda Florestal Ponta Ruiva

Vila do Bispo: next to the main Church.

VILA DO BISPO

Cabo de S. Vicente: at the lighthouse of Cabo de S. Vicente.

Description of route

Vale Santo

Praia do Telheiro

Starting from the church, pass by the market next to a restaurant, and take the road on the left to continue walking straight towards the west. Next to the ranger house (casa do guarda), the trail will turn away from the Circular Route Cordoama. Continue walking straight on, and you will pass an air traffic control station, just before the crossroads with a sign for the viewpoint of Torre de Aspa.

Forte do Beliche Praia do Beliche Sagres

CABO DE S. VICENTE

42

Today, you will be walking towards the southwestern tip of Europe. This is a magical place where one can almost hear the echoes of the voices of sailors and pilgrims. Monumental cliffs, outstanding views over the coastline and a privileged area to watch the natural phenomenon ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) of autumn bird migration.

150

Fact sheet Distance

14 km

Approximate duration

4h

Accumulated climb

100 m

Accumulated descent

120 m ALTITUDE (m)

200

DISTANCE (km)

Difficulty level

Easy

150

100

100

50

Max. / Min. altitude

150m / 60 m

50 0

0 0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

27

30

33

8 2 4 6 season 10 September 12 14 16 18 19 Recommended till June

0

ODEMIRA The land here reveals the influence of the strong winds, with shrubs being almost non-existent and a panorama dominated by ground cover plants.

TurnDISTANCE to the left and (km) ALTITUDE (m) head south.

The path to the right will lead 150 to the view point of the Torre de Aspa. On 100 this site, a plant that was previously thought 50 to be locally extinct has been found – the 0 Silene rothmaleri – a species endemic to 8 2 4 6 10 12 14 16 18 20 21,5 0 the far Southwest Portugal. The views over CARRAPATEIRA VILA DO BISPO the beaches of Castelejo and Cordama are not to be missed!

SABÓIA

ODEMIRA

S. TEOTÓNIO

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

150 100 50 0 0

2

4

6

VILA DO BISPO

Only 1 km ahead, a detour invites hikers to visit the view point of Ponta Ruiva, and a little further on, at the fork, the Fishermen’s Trail separates from the Historical Way to your right. Continue to the left, descending a little to witness a scenery with a predominance of pastures for cattle. You have arrived at the area called Vale Santo (the holy valley), which owes its name to the ancient tradition of pilgrims and devotees, who would finish or start their pilgrimage here. From here, the Historical Way overlaps with another long distance

8

10

12

14

CABO DE S. VICENTE

path – Via Algarviana (with similar white and red signs), and follows along a tar road with some viewpoints to Cabo de S. Vicente – the magical and mythical place, which marks the end of this journey along the most astonishing coast in Europe.

Important warnings There is no supply point throughout the whole route, bring enough water and food.

Pay attention to the signage as there are intersections with several Circular Routes.

Tips Strong wind: this is an area of particularly strong winds. Get ready for northern blows.

Cabo de S. Vicente » Sagres: from the lighthouse to Sagres, you can continue through the Fishermen’s Trail, along 7 km or opt for a taxi or a bus.

43

Fishermen’s

Trail

Always running along the coastline, it follows the trails used by locals to get to the beaches and the best fishing spots. It is a single track along the cliffs, with plenty of sand, which can only be travelled by foot, and more demanding from a physical point of view.

A challenge to a permanent contact with the ocean winds, the harsh coastal scenery and the wild and powerful natural landscape. It comprises a total of 13 sections, totalling 226.5 km.

SIGNAGE FOR FISHERMEN’S TRAIL

follow

don’t follow

left

44

right

Fact sheet Over 200 km along Southwest Alentejo and Vicentina Coast Natural Park

The circulation of vehicles on the dunes is prohibited

Self explanatory trail signs so you can walk the trail on your in both directions

Maximum of 20 people per group only for walkers Exclusively for hikers

13 one day hike sections Accommodation and other services along the route

Wild camping is not allowed. Look for authorised camping sites Not recommended for people with vertigo or fear of heights 45

Fishermen’s Trail

S. Torpes » Porto Covo Along this trail just south of the port of Sines, the Fishermen’s Trail begins. The industrial complex of Sines was first built starting in ‘60s, and caused a profound transformation of the landscape and the socio-economic reality of this region.

the perfect substrate for a rich fauna: starfish, sea urchins, anemones, sea sponges, crabs, octopuses, cuttlefish, goose barnacles and a huge diversity of fish. At the base of the food chain, the green, brown and red algae grow in clear water that is full of light.

Leaving behind the developed industry of Sines, we enter the vast, open Natural Park of the Southwest Alentejo and Costa Vicentina. This pedestrian route continues for about 200 km, ending at Burgau where the Fisherman’s Trail then goes on for another 17 km to the city of Lagos.

One of the traditions of this region that can be seen along the trail is the curing of octopus and morays, hung up outside to dry like clothes in the sun. It is an artform to opening the animals up using pieces of cane, exposing them to the sun in order to achieve the perfect drying. These ancestral techniques started from the need to make the most of excess fishing in times of greater abundance to ensure food for the periods of when catch was scarce. Dry octopus is a snack sold at fairs and markets roasted on charcoal stoves, while sea urchins eggs are typically eaten at Easter time.

When walking on the beach at low tide you can see that the sea bottom is mainly rocky. Before the construction of the port of Sines, the sand used to be much more abundant. However, now the port protects the coast from the accumulation of sediments from the north, on the south side of the breakwater. This extensive rocky reef is

The moray, abundant in the rocky cavities along this stretch of coast, is a very unique fish. It does not look like a fish at all, but rather a snake, and is dark yellow-sprinkled, like a salamander with no scales!

Morays can reachover 15 kg in weight and over 1.5 m in length. Combining this size with a prominent mouth, which secretes a haemolytic poison and is full of large, pointed teeth, it is easy to imagine that not every fisherman would be interested in catching them! The morays spend their days hiding in holes, leaving only ast night to catch fish, crustaceans and cephalopods in their territory. They are very ferocious predators.

S. Torpes

Praia de S. Torpes

Lago Morgavel

Praia da Pegada Praia de Vale Figueiros

Brejos de Morgavel

Praia da Foz Praia do Burrinho Praia do Samoqueiro Praia do Salto

Samonqueira

Where to start?

Palmeira

Praia do Espingardeiro

Porto Covo

S. Torpes: in the beach.

Caniceira

Porto Covo: from the market square (largo do Mercado).

46

To hike through the Fishermen’s Trail in S. Torpes is to travel back in time. Prepare to leave behind industrialized Sines and enter a natural park that protects this vast coastline with its stunning beaches, pristine dunes and dramatic cliffs that inly continue in magnitude the farther south you travel.

Fact sheet 10 km

Distance Approximate duration

3h

Accumulated climb

120 m

Accumulated descent

100 m

Difficulty level

Easy 30m / 0 m

Max. / Min. altitude

Description of route

Recommended season September to June

Start walking south along the road leading to Porto Covo. You’ll leave behind the industrial landscape of S. Torpes, and ahead lies unspoilt nature, composed of beautiful beaches, dunes and small cliffs – just a glimpse of what can be expected in the next few days. After walking for 2.5 km, during which you will pass a parking area with some restaurants, you should leave the road by turning onto a dirt path that leads along a small cliff. You will pass some fishing huts and arrive at Vieirinha beach. If the tide does not allow you to access the beach, there is a small trail that starts from a terrace behind a beach restaurant and leads to a cane field.

Once on the other side, walk upwards along the trail that takes you above Oliveirinha beach. When leaving the parking lot, keep following the trail to the south. In the next bay, the path will take you a bit inland. Cross the stream and ascend along the first trail on the opposite side. Since the terrain is sandy, each step might feel tougher than usual. Luckily, this sandy stretch will last only for 1 km. Leave the dunes to find a dirt road that heads towards Porto Covo, and enjoy the scenery at the southeast of the highest hills of Serra do Cercal. On the last part of this trail before arriving in Porto Covo, you will see an outdoor exercise area.

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

30 20 10 0 0

1

S. TORPES

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

PORTO COVO

conditions are safe enough to allow you DISTANCE (km) ALTITUDE (m)you access the beach, otherwise, should 150 choose to go along the road.

125 100

Tips 50 75 25 0

2 12 4 on 6the 8sea10 14 0 16 Depending conditions, you18can20 ARRIFANA follow the beach at the beginning CARRAPATEIRA of the route, avoiding the road.

Important warnings Part of the route follows along the road and there are two places where the route has access to the beach. Make sure the 47

Fishermen’s Trail

Porto Covo » Vila Nova de Milfontes Description of route

The diversity of beaches you will find just on this section is absolutely fantastic! Beaches like Aivados with pebbles shaped by the constant rough and tumble of the waves. Beaches like Faquir or Farol where lace-like sandstone dunes seem to slide down into the ocean. Sandy beaches like Malhão gently and constantly changing. Beaches such as Milfontes (which means thousand fountains), with either rivers, small streams or tiny fresh water springs fed from the hilly interior through a network of underground channels. These beaches are interspersed by ancient, dark erosion-resistant rocks that make up the cliffs and tiny islands (locally called palheirões) that one comes across from time to time.

The route begins at the largo Marquês de Pombal square in the village of Porto Covo and continues towards the fishing harbour.

After crossing the river, walk along the cliffs towards Ilha do Pessegueiro beach. Cross the beach, afterwards, you will arrive at a fort. From here, to cross the Barranco do Queimado stream you will have to go a little back inland. Until Alturas do Norte, the path follows a wide track that bypasses a chain of dunes of the beaches of Malhão and Aivados. If it is low tide and the ocean is calm, you can continue walking along the water’s edge until the end of the beaches.

PORTO COVO

The sand dunes’ biodiversity and plant life is remarkable and reaches its peak between March and June, with a vast array of amazing colours, aromas and shapes.

These plants are true masters of adaptation in this hostile environment and have to put up with poor quality soil, a dry season that can last over six months and a constant buffeting by the strong, salty winds, and you will see that the most obvious adaptation is their shape. Pines, rosemary and rockrose are bent nearly horizontal and thus better adapted to these harsh conditions. Some of these plant species are endemic to this coast and cannot be found anywhere else in the world.

Ilha do Pessegueiro

Forte da Ilha Barranco do Queimado

Praia dos Aivados Ribeira da Azenha

Praia do Malhão

Alturas do Norte

Where to start?

Porto Covo: from the market square (largo do Mercado).

VILA NOVA DE MILFONTES

Ponta da Galhofa Ponta das Barcas

Vila Nova de Milfontes: at the tourist office in the village (rua António Mantas).

Praia do Farol

48

Rio Mira

This is the beaches section, where you will walk along the vast sand dunes area of Ilha do Pessegueiro, Aivados and Malhão beaches and discover small deserted coves that will surprise you. It is a tiring walking day though, given its extension and the constant sandy terrain.

Fact sheet

Approximate duration

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

200 m

Accumulated descent

180 m

Difficulty level

Hard 50m / 0 m

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

60 40 20 0 0

2

6

4

8

12

10

16

14

PORTO COVO

18

20

VILA NOVA DE MILFONTES

Tips DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

150 Refreshments along the way: at km 3.5, on the 125 100 beach of Ilha do Pessegueiro; at km 6.5, mak75 ing 50 a detour of 1.8 km to Ribeira da Azenha; 25 at km 16, at the fishing harbour of Canal.

0

Important warnings

0

Accumulated climb

Recommended season September to June

75 25

8h

Max. / Min. altitude

Here, the landscape will change as the beaches give way to towering cliffs that convey the personality of this wild coast and continue up to Cape Saint Vincent (Cabo de S. Vicente). Up to Porto das Barcas or Canal, you will walk through a ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) remarkable landscape that represents the 30 largest area of lithified dunes in Portugal 20 and includes a huge variety of rare botan10 ical species endemic to the Southwest.

0 From here, Vila Nova de7 Milfontes is only 8 1 3 4 6 2 5 9 10 0 2.5 km away. Continue walking along a S. TORPES PORTO COVO wide path between enclosures and buildings, until you reach the avenue near the waterfront. Go towards the barbican of the DISTANCE (km) (m) Castle, also knownALTITUDE as Forte de Milfontes, 150 and enjoy the views over the river and the 125 100 ocean.

50

20 km

Distance

20

0

CARRAPATEIRA Unmarked path: between the beaches of Queimado and Malhão, the path is not fully signposted. Follow the broad sand track that skirts the extensive succession of dunes, of the beaches of Aivados, Galé and Malhão, following the instructions that you find on the signs. Alternatively, and only at low tide, you can walk along the beach.

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20 21,5

ARRIFANA (ALTERNATIVE) Shorten this section: finish this walk atCARRAPATEIRA Canal (fishing harbour) and get a taxi to Milfontes, saving the last 3 km.

ARRIFANA

You can combine this stage with the Circular Routes Sissal beach or Mediterranean Ponds.

A long and tiring section! Covering 20 km and with a sandy path, this section is long and tiring, especially if you are going to start your journey through Porto Covo.

Prepare yourself well and bring at least 1.5 L of water.

Pay attention to the signage as there are intersections with several Circular Routes.

49

Fishermen’s Trail

Vila Nova de Milfontes » Almograve Crossing the bridge over the river in Vila Nova de Milfontes provides stunning views of the river’s mouth, the small town beside it and the natural vegetation that covers the local hillsides. This vegetation is important as it attracts many different species of birds and small mammals. At low tide, enjoy the view of the marshes on the river bends, partially submerged and covered with reeds, important in their own way also as breeding grounds for several species of fish. Between March and October you’ll be able to see many swifts as alpine, pallid and common swift all nest along this coast.

Their breeding season starts as soon as they arrive and their acrobatics as they constantly search for enough food for their chicks is one of the wonders of the area.

They spend over 90% of their life on the wing and have extreme difficulty in becoming airborne should they land anywhere but on a cliff or high building.

There are stretches along this part of the coast where native vegetation displays all its diversity and other areas where it has been destroyed and wiped out by a most aggressive exotic plant – the acacia. This invasive plant is quite capable of reducing the sand dunes’ biodiversity almost to zero. At times intensive farming stretches right down to the ocean, but you can also enjoy other less invasive traces of human presence such as local, non-commercial, fishing or small Stone-Age quarries amongst the dunes, a reminder that man has been shaping this coastline since time immemorial.

Where to start?

Vila Nova de Milfontes: at the tourist office (located on rua António Mantas).

Almograve: at the roundabout (beginning of avenida da Praia).

Description of route Ponta da Galhofa

Start by walking along rua Custódio Brás Pacheco, and turn south, crossing the bridge over the river, where you will be able to see the Mira and its impressive river mouth, perfectly portraying the beauty of Milfontes. After about 500 m along the asphalt road, turn right, passing through a wooden gate opening onto a narrow trail, which goes through farmland and pasture, down to the river beach of Furnas. The view of Milfontes now can be enjoyed from the southern shore of the Mira, as the trail will continue along a path until reaching the end of Furnas beach.

Afterwards, keep walking along a wide track; you will bypass a protected area, where an endemic species that only exist in this region can be found - the Plantago almogravensis, currently in danger of extinction. Please, respect the signs

Ponta das Barcas

VILA NOVA DE MILFONTES

Rio Mira

Praia das Furnas

Nascedios

Praia do Brejo Largo

Foz dos Ouriços Longueira Praia do Almograve

ALMOGRAVE

50

This is a day to purify your soul thanks to the overwhelming views over Vila Nova de Milfontes and the Mira river that meets the ocean here. It is a short and accessible hiking day so that you may enjoy the area to its fullest extent.

Fact sheet Distance

15.5 km

Approximate duration

5 h 30 m

Accumulated climb

150 m

Accumulated descent

130 m

Difficulty level

Average 60 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. altitude

Recommended season September to June

Topographic profile

and walk only on designated trails. The unexpected scenery of large agricultural ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) fields that extend almost to the ocean, will 60 give way to a walk through forest of acacia 40 trees, crossing two wooden bridges. After 20 passing an abandoned house, the trail will 0 join the Circular Route The Dunes of Almog16 2 6 8 12 4 10 14 18 20 0 rave and return to the coast beach.

PORTO COVO VILAat NOVABrejo DE MILFONTES During low tide, you can walk a few hundred meters along the beach. Otherwise, keep walking along the cliffs until Foz dos ALTITUDE (m) Ouriços beach, where theDISTANCE path(km)will turn 150 inland, towards the village of Almograve.

125

ALTITUDE (m)

40 20 0 0

0

6

8

10

12

14

15,5

ALMOGRAVE

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

140 Refreshments along the way: at km 4, in 120 100 Furnas beach.

80 60 40

20 Go along the river! If you want to avoid 0 2 the 4 6 8 can 12 the 10 cross 0 14river 16 crossing bridge, you DO BISPO

by CARRAPATEIRA boat. Check the Transports area inVILARota Vicentina website for more information about this service.

25 0

4

Tips

Important warnings

50

2

VILA NOVA DE MILFONTES

100 75

DISTANCE (km)

60

2 6 8 12 de 4 10 14 Milfontes 16 18 20 and 21,5 Between Vila Nova the CARRAPATEIRA Furnas beach, the path initially goes along rua Custódio Brás Pacheco street. Be careful and always walk on the pavement.

ARRIFANA (ALTERNATIVE)

When exiting Vila Nova de Milfontes the path goes along the verge of the road. Walk with the utmost caution, as far over as possible on the right hand verge.

Remember to close the gate so that the cattle cannot get out of the property.

When crossing the property between the gate and the Furnas beach, take care with the livestock, avoid sudden movements and stay away. Although docile they don’t like strangers approaching their offspring.

This section overlaps with other routes.

Pay attention to the signs.

51

Fishermen’s Trail

Almograve » Zambujeira do Mar The high cliffs you will see during this part of the journey, despite being exposed to the constant salty ocean winds, are the nesting site for over twenty species of birds! These include jackdaw, shag, common kestrel, “pure” rock dove, white stork, peregrine falcon and black redstart. It is worthwhile taking the time to stop and watch these birds especially during spring, around the Cape Sardão area. The rock doves are especially interesting as they are the original species from which all the feral pigeons in the world descend.

If you look carefully along this coastal stretch it is easy to see past climate change written in the rocks. The sandstone was formed when the sea was at least 100 m, lower than at present, with the beach over 60 km further west. Prehistoric settlements have been found here with remains of colder climate animals and shellfish, clear signs of a colder, drier past, but it is equally possible to find signs of times when the climate here was warmer, wetter and more tropical, displayed by impressive reddish tones in the sand and sandstone, resulting from the accumulation of iron oxides.

Where to start?

Almograve: at the roundabout (beginning of avenida da Praia).

Foz dos Ouriços Praia do Almograve

Zambujeira do Mar: at the Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Mar.

ALMOGRAVE

Lapa das Pombas

Description of route Pass by the church and turn right to join the path that goes to Foz dos Ouriços beach on the footpath you have seen on the previous day from the other side of the ravine. When you reach the car park of of Almograve beach , head towards the small natural fishing harbour of Lapa das Pombas – an alternative starting point of this section. From here on, the trail will lead along cliffs over a landscape of craggy rocks and red sand, set against an impressive backdrop with the lighthouse of Cape Sardão in the distance.

Before reaching the village of Cavaleiro, you will have to bypass an area with a high degree of erosion. Enjoy the bright yellow shades of the dunes that appear through the pine forest. As you arrive at Cavaleiro, take an opportunity for a break.

Nearby the lighthouse, notice the various stork nests that adorn the coastline - a phenomenon unique in the whole

Entrada do Pau Medo Amarelo Ponta da Carraca Cavaleiro Cabo Sardão

Entrada da Barca

Praia de Nossa Senhora

ZAMBUJEIRA DO MAR 52

Small fishing harbours, reddish sand dunes, the scent of pine tree forests and the sight, seen nowhere else in the world, of storks nesting on the cliffs make this walk a true balm for your senses.

Fact sheet 22 km

Distance Approximate duration

7h

Accumulated climb

200 m

Accumulated descent

200 m Average

Difficulty level

world. From here until the fishing harbour of Entrada da Barca (located 3 km from Zambujeira do Mar), a well-defined path, also suitable for cycling, goes along the shore, bypassing small beaches and inaccessible coves. The descent to the small fishing harbour requires some caution ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) because of the steepness of the track.

60 From here to Zambujeira do Mar, follow 40 the pedestrian path parallel to the road. Visit 20 the several viewpoints along the way, until 0 you arrive at6 Nossa Senhora beach, where 10 8 14 2 4 12 15,5 0 the trail returns to the coastline.

VILA NOVA DE MILFONTES ALMOGRAVE

90 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. altitude

Recommended season September to June

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

80 60 40 20 0 0

2

4

8

6

10

12

14

16

ALMOGRAVE

18

20

22

ZAMBUJEIRA DO MAR

Important warnings 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

DISTANCE (m) Between EntradaALTITUDE do Pau and (km) Ponta da Carraca the trail deviates inland entering an area of pine forest in order to avoid a strip of coastline with a high degree of erosion.

As a matter of security and environmental 2 6 12 4 10 0 14 16 preservation, be8 aware and observe this CARRAPATEIRA VILA DO BISPO divergence. We rely on your consideration!

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0

2

VILA DO BISPO

This section overlaps with other routes.

Pay attention to the signs.

Tips Refreshments along the way: at km 9.5, you pass through the village of Cavaleiro; at km 18, in the fishing harbour of Entrada da Barca there are two restaurants.

Shorten this section: from Almograve, you can go straight to the beach saving half an hour of hike (following the Circular Route signs); from the fishing port of Entrada da Barca, you can go to Zambujeira by taxi (4 km).

53

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6

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10

12

14

16

18

20,5 SAGRES

Fishermen’s Trail

Zambujeira do Mar » Odeceixe Along this stretch of coast it is interesting to take a close look at the cliffs; note how the sedimentary rocks that were laid down horizontally over aeons have been folded and pushed out of all recognition so that what was once horizontal is now in some cases vertical. Now imagine the forces necessary! More recently was the formation of lithified sand tubes which can be seen a bit all over the trail.

at dark. But you will come across their droppings, footprints, burrows or maybe even the remains of their night’s hunting. These carnivorous mammals include Egyptian mongoose (locally known as escalabardo), weasel, beech marten (also known as papalvo), badger, genet and otter. Rabbits are other mammals that build their burrows in the most stable of the sand dunes. These rabbits are the original stock of all rabbits worldwide, and incredibly important here, being the preferred prey of most carnivores.

On this section you will also find abundant signs of the presence of mammals, especially carnivores living among the dunes.

It is hard to spot the animals themselves given that for the most part they are nocturnal, remaining in their burrows during daylight and only coming out to hunt

Where to start?

Zambujeira do Mar: at the Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Mar. Odeceixe: in the village main square.

ZAMBUJEIRA DO MAR

Description of route

Praia de Nossa Senhora

The trail starts next to the beautiful Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Mar, with a view over the famous Zambujeira do Mar beach.

Walk down to the beach and take the trail that goes up the cliffs towards Alteirinhos beach, continuing south. Before reaching Carvalhal beach, the trail will turn inland, leading through pine forests and acacias, before arriving at the beach along a ridge of the ravine. From here, take the trail that starts behind the beach bar, and continue walking until you see Machados beach.

Take a deep breath – you are at the Alentejo coast, and the scenery here seems to come from paradise.

Praia dos Alteirinhos

Praia do Carvalhal Praia dos Machados Brejão Praia da Amália

Azenha do Mar

After passing Amália beach (named after the Fado diva Amália Rodrigues, who had her house here), you will arrive at the village of Azenha do Mar, where we recommend that you take a break and have a snack.

Afterwards, cross the wooden bridge and head in the direction of Ponta em Branco

Praia de Odeceixe S. Miguel

ODECEIXE

54

You will be passing the beaches of Alteirinhos, Carvalhal, Machados and Amália on the way to Azenha do Mar, where you will find a natural fishing harbour. To top it all enjoy one of the most outstanding views in the entire territory: Odeceixe beach seen from the majestic Ponta em Branco.

Fact sheet 18.5 km

Distance Approximate duration

7h

Accumulated climb

300 m

Accumulated descent

300 m

Difficulty level

Hard 65 m / 0 m

Max. / Min. altitude

Recommended season September to June

cliff, through scenery rich in dune vegetation and particularly surprising during the spring. With superbALTITUDE views ofDISTANCE the ocean, the (m) (km) high point of this section is your arrival at 80 Ponta em Branco – named after the colour 60 of the sediments that form its summit. After 40 20 descending to the beach, take the paved 0 road parallel to10the12river, and continue walk8 2 4 6 14 16 20 22 0 18 ing until you reach the mainZAMBUJEIRA road, leading ALMOGRAVE DO MAR to the village of Odeceixe.

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

80 60 40 20 0 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

16

14

ZAMBUJEIRA DO MAR

18,5 ODECEIXE

Important warnings ALTITUDE (m) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

In the Lombo do Asno area, south of Alteirinhos beach, the trail makes a small detour inland to circumvent a sensitive area. As a matter of security and environmental 2 6 8 12 4 10 aware 0 14 and 16 observe 18 20,5 this preservation, be VILA DO BISPO SAGRES divergence. We rely on your consideration!

DISTANCE (km)

80 60 40 20 0 0 SAGRES

Tips Refreshments along the way: at km 6.5, the detour of 2 km to the village of Brejão is sign posted. At km 9.5 you’ll go through the village of Azenha do Mar. Shorten this section: between the village of Odeceixe and the north end of the beach the trail goes along a road (4 km). Take a taxi and shorten this section.

Stay another night in Odeceixe: consider staying longer in Odeceixe to take advantage of the Circular Routes existing in this area.

55

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19,5

SALEMA

Fishermen’s Trail

Odeceixe » Aljezur Before leaving Odeceixe, do not forget to go to the mill, one of the few that is still in operation and can be visited. Around it, wooden walkways and benches invite you to sit and take a look at the village houses, the Seixe stream mouth and the Mediterranean shrubs on the south-facing slopes - a treat for the eyes!

carrion crow, zitting cisticola, shrikes, woodpecker, corn-bunting, Eurasian nuthatch, linnets, European crested tit and the cirl bunting. Hidden in the woods, the birds of prey go out to hunt in the open fields.

This is the case of the short-toed snake eagle or the black-winged kite.

Where to start?

The floodplains lie on the banks of the stream, where on days of heavy rain, the water that collects in the banks will go on to be store and build deep and fertile soils.

During the rest of the year, the water from the flood is efficiently used to grow vigorous crops and pastures. Some of these banks still remain in their wild state, occupied by reeds and rushes. These are environments rich in birds, like the grey heron and the great egret.

Odeceixe: beginning of rua do Rio. Aljezur: in front of the Municipal Market.

Praia de Odeceixe Moinho

In the sand dunes there are abundant aromatic shrubs such as juniper, shrubby everlasting, camphor thyme (endemic to this coast), lavender and rosemary. These plants, although specially adapted to the arid environment of the tops of the cliffs, have some difficulty in dealing with the invasion of exotic species such as acacia and the hottentot-fig. In the wettest places, where the water reaches almost the surface, the marshes covered with rushes provide habitat to the most endangered rodent in Europe, the cabrera’s vole.

ODECEIXE João Roupeiro

Baía do Tiros

Maria Vinagre Praia de Vale dos Homens

Rogil

Pedra da Mina

The agricultural fields that play a dominant role along this route make a harmonious mosaic of small clumps of pine, eucalyptus or cork oak forests, with marshes (wetlands) and water lines. Temporary ponds and agricultural ponds also add to this landscape, a mosaic that houses breathtaking biodiversity.

Ribeira de Aljezur

ALJEZUR

In the avifauna, it is worth noting the presence of the tawny and meadow pipits, 56

S. Miguel

This route takes us back to Odeceixe beach, this time on the southern shore, in the lands of the Algarve. We set off to walk further kilometers of fishermen trails, crossing irrigated fields and the coastal heathland, on the way to Aljezur.

Fact sheet 22.5 km

Distance Approximate duration

7h

Accumulated climb

150 m

Accumulated descent

150 m

Difficulty level

Description of route

Average 90 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. altitude

Leave the main road by following rua da Praia street. Continue walking along a dirt road, leading through a heart of the floodplain. The route then follows an asphalt road to Odeceixe beach. Here you can have a coffee andALTITUDE enjoy the view of this (m) DISTANCE (km) beach, considered one of the wonders of 80 Portugal. Afterwards, keep walking on the 60 boardwalk and then along the road until you 40 20 reach a large parking lot. Then, follow the 0 path to the right, leading to14the16south.

From 18,5 2 6 8 12 4 10 0 here onwards, you will be walkingODECEIXE along the ZAMBUJEIRA DO MAR coast with plenty of opportunities to appreciate the cliffs and the breathtaking views.

Recommended season September to June

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

100 80 60 40 20 0 0

2

ODECEIXE

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22,5 ALJEZUR

This section overlaps with other routes.

DISTANCE (km) ALTITUDE (m) Pay attention to the signs.

DISTANCE (km)you will ALTITUDE (m) After crossing two footbridges, 80 reach the deep ravine of Maria Vinagre.

60 Here, the trail leads away from the coast 40 via a small road. After a little more than 20 1 km, at a fork, turn right to cross the 0 16 18 19,5again 2 6 8after, 12 will 4 10 you 14 turn 0 ravine.

Soon right SAGRES SALEMA and walk towards the coast, leaving the Circular Route. Enjoy another beautiful section of the Fishermen’s Trail to the village of Estibeira. Then, turn inland and go towards the village of Rogil, following an agricultural path. After reaching Rogil, continue south towards Aljezur and follow the signs of the Historical Way.

80 60 Tips 40 20

Refreshments along the way: at 3 km on 0 12 1 2 of3 Odeceixe.

5 6 8 4 7 9 10 11 the0 beach SALEMA

LUZ

Stay another night in Odeceixe: enjoy the Circular Routes in this area and spend some more time in Odeceixe.

Important warnings Between the village of Odeceixe and the beach, the route follows along the road.

Be careful.

From Rogil, this route coincides with the Historical Way. Therefore you will follow the red and white marks.

57

Fishermen’s Trail

Aljezur » Arrifana On the narrow path along the coast, it is worth noticing to the dune vegetation, which includes aromatic shrubs (such as thyme, shrubby everlasting, rosemary, myrtle and lavender), medicinal and edible plants (such as wild asparagus, pink rockroses, vampirecups, Portuguese crowberry, Pterospartum tridentatum) and endemic and rare plants (such as Cistus palhinhae, Thymus camphoratus or Linaria ficalhoana).

coast, excluding the months between September to December, during the closed season, trying the goose barnacle is a must.

The coast, rocky and beaten by the waves, provides the necessary habitat for this unique species. The goose barnacles live in the strip of coastline that is revealed during the empty-tide, the area that contains the most life, in rocks that receive strong and direct surf. This means that being a goose barnacles harvester is a risky and often times dangerous profession.

Nature on this coast has always provided abundant resources for man. On this coast, you can see vestiges of Prehistoric human life. The occupants of this region are extensive and include Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans and Arabs. This route passes through the Ribat of Arrifana, an Islamic fortress-convent, occupied by warrior monks in the 12th century. This is the only know ribat in Portugal. It was founded by Ibn Qasî, political leader and spiritual guide of Sufism, a mystical form of Islam. It was a fortress convent, dedicated to prayer and watching over the coast.

Where to start?

Aljezur: in the municipal market.

Arrifana: at the top of Arrifana beach.

Description of route While following the signs of the Historical Way, walk up to the Municipal Museum and go around the church. Then, descend to the dirt road at the back of the village. If you have not yet visited the castle, make sure to take a detour and don’t leave Aljezur without enjoying the superb view over the village and its floodplain. The path then leads to the Amoreira Valley, past an old reconstructed farmhouse where it begins to ascend to meet the road to the village of Monte Clérigo. Shortly after, leave the Historical Way that will continue through the valley on the left, and continue along the road to the village of Espartal. Make a pause to enjoy the magnificent panorama – the view over the Amoreira valley and the village is truly inspiring. Once you arrive at Espartal, leave the road to the right and continue walking through an urban area.

Afterwards, the trail continues along a sand path that heads straight until the parking lot on the south side of the Amoreira beach.

There you should turn left and then take a right onto the well-known “treme-treme”

One of the primordial inhabitants, and gastronomical obligations, of this coast that can still be found today is the goose barnacle. For those who visit the southwest

Praia da Amoreira Monte Clérigo

Ponta da Atalaia

Ribeira de Aljezur

ALJEZUR

Vale da Telha

Vales

ARRIFANA

58

The trail between Aljezur and Arrifana passes by Monte Clérigo beach and the mythical Ponta da Atalaia. In a land where one can breathe the legends and the time of Portugal’s conquest of the Moors, this walk is an authentic journey through time.

Fact sheet 17.5 km

Distance Approximate duration

6h

Accumulated climb

400 m

Accumulated descent

350 m Average

Difficulty level

SALEMA

120 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. altitude

rock, then head south to Monte Clérigo. In the area next to the beach, enjoy a coffee or a lunch break. Walk through the village to the opposite side and then continue south.

After crossing a long sandy section, you will arrive at the archeological site of Ribat ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) da Arrifana.

It is worth to go and enjoy the 100 80 breathtaking look from the promontory at 60 Ponta da Atalaia. The trail continues just a 40 few meters inland from the parking lot on 20 0 the right.

After walking approximately 1 km 20 22,5 2 6 8 12 4 10 14 16 18 0 to the south, the route will lead away ODECEIXE ALJEZUR from the coast. Here, a German plane crashed during World War II, shot down by the British troops. The trail will continue through ALTITUDE (m) a DISTANCE pine trees until reaching water(km)line and 80 crossing it. Continue walking south, before 60 crossing another path and descending to 40 the bottom of a valley. From here, the village 20 of Arrifana can be seen constantly. Cross 0 12 1the2 river 5go 6up 7towards 8 3 4 9 10 11 0 and Arrifana.

Recommended season September to June

Topographic profile DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2

0

6

4

8

12

10

14

ALJEZUR

16

17,5

ARRIFANA

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 LUZ

LUZ

Important warnings The first part of this section (2.5 km) corresponds to the Historic Way, marked only in white and red.

From km 2.5 to km 6, the trail goes along a road with some traffic, be careful. As an alternative, you can start in Espartal.

Pay attention to the signage as there are intersections with several Circular Routes.

Tips Refreshments along the way: after about 10 km, at Monte Clérigo beach.

59

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 LAGOS

Fishermen’s Trail

Arrifana » Carrapateira The small fishing ports have operated since remote times in the most sheltered places of the coast, naturally protected from north and northwest winds. Some of the most fished species on this coast are sardines, mackerel, meagre, monkfish, lobster, Mediterranean moray, European conger, octopus, Atlantic seabream, European bass, red porgy, horse mackerel and goose barnacles.

sediments deposited on the ocean floor, forming mountains with altitudes of more than 4 km. The present rocks of the cliffs (schist and grauvaques) have resulted from these giant movements of the compression of sedimentary strata that occurred more than three hundred million years ago!

The sustenance of the people of the southwest coast of Portugal has always been linked to the sea, and the land, too hard to work. In the most fertile and fresh lands near the streams, people grow corn, beans, potatoes, tomatoes, broad beans and chickpeas. The sargassum (seaweed) has been used as fertilizer. On the slopes, the rich flora provides grazing land to the cattle and supports bees that produce a fine and aromatic honey.

On this route, the cliffs reach up to 100 m high, displaying rocky strata with spectacular folds and presenting a rich geological history. When the supercontinent Pangea was formed, the clash between continents lifted, compressed, split and folded the continental shore rocks and the

Where to start?

ARRIFANA

Vales

Fortaleza da Arrifana

Arrifana: at the top of Arrifana beach.

Praia da Arrifana

Carrapateira: at largo do Comércio (main square).

Pedra da Agulha

Description of route

Praia do Canal

After passing the parking lot next to Arrifana beach, take the Historical Way on the asphalt road towards Aljezur. After one kilometer, turn onto the dirt road to the right.

Walk through a shrubby area enjoying the ocean on one side, and the hills and valleys on the other, until you pass an intersection with directions to Aljezur. Continue straight, and at the next intersection, turn left, descending to Canal beach surrounded by the breathtaking view of the coast and the area of Vale Figueiras. The final part of the descent will follow a narrow path.

Cross a small stream and continue along the path that goes up to the other side, leaving the beach behind. At the end of the climb, you will enter an area of eucalyptus. After

Valinhos Praia de Vale Figueiras Monte Novo

Ribeira da Bordeira Praia da Bordeira

Bordeira Cerro da Cunca

CARRAPATEIRA

60

On this trail, you can see cliffs up to 100 meters’ high that unveil a fascinating geological history.

30 20 10 0 0

125 100 75 50 25 0 0

Approximate duration 6 h 30 m / 7 h 30 m

ARRIFANA

6

8

10

12

Important warnings

14

16

18

250 m / 300 m

Accumulated descent

ALTITUDE (m) 30

DISTANCE (km)

Average

Difficulty level

20 10 0

160 m / 0 m

Max. / Min. altitude

8 to 9June 1 3 4 6 2 5 7 10 September Recommended season

0

S. TORPES

PORTO COVO

Topographic profiles ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

60

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 40 150 125 20 100 75 0 50 25

PORTO COVO

4

300 m / 350 m

Accumulated climb

0

2

0 PORTO COVO 2 0

Attention: under normal conditions, you will be able to walk along the beach until the cape of Carrapateira Cliffs and reach DISTANCE (km) ALTITUDE (m) the village by following the Circular Route named after it. However, there may be circumstances when it is not possible or advisable to cross the Bordeira stream.

In that case, follow the alternative route.

2

20 km / 21.5 km

Distance

reaching the end of a long, straight path, take a path to the right. After 1.5 km, you will encounter a small asphalt road to the right. Keep walking along it; a little further, the route will separate from the Historical Way, leaving it behind to follow the green and blue signs of the Fishermen’s Trail. The route continues the southwest direction, first among houses and then surrounded by vast sceneries of the ocean and the hills.

Approximately 3.5 km after the separation from the Historical Way, you will find signs ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) of the Circular Route From Bordeira to the Sea. Turn right onto a sandy path. It is recommended to climb to the geodetic mark to witness a stunning landscape. Afterwards, the path reaches the coastline and contin8 1 3 the 4 north 6 2 5 7of Bordeira 9 10 ues along side beach.

S. TORPES

150

Fact sheet

6

4

8

12

10

16

14

18

20

VILA NOVA DE MILFONTES

6

4

8

12

10

14

16

ARRIFANA

18

20

CARRAPATEIRA

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 150 125 100 75 50 25 0

20

0

CARRAPATEIRA

2

4

6

ARRIFANA (ALTERNATIVE)

8

10

12

14

16

18

20 21,5

CARRAPATEIRA

Refreshments along the way: at km 9 in Monte Novo.

The first part of this route corresponds to the Historical Way, marked only in white and red.

Pay attention to the sea conditions at Bordeira beach. If you can’t cross because of poor conditions, walk up to Bordalete pine forest and follow the road until Carrapateira.

This section overlaps with other routes.

Pay attention to the signs.

Tips Consider staying a few extra days in this área in order to walk and explore the Circular Routes of Bordeira and Carrapateira.

61

Fishermen’s Trail

Carrapateira » Vila do Bispo When this route reaches the coast, at the junction where the road leads to the fishing harbor (Porto de Pesca do Forno), it is well worth it to see the Islamic village of Ponta do Castelo. Dated from the 12th to 13th centuries, the village had at least 15 dwellings, a drying terrace for fish and three ovens to bake bread, and would only have been used during the milder seasons of the year. It is located in a place so exposed to the wind and humidity of the sea, that it has also been suggested to have been an kind of observatory, perhaps for whaling. Whales were once abundant in the Algarve, with records of hunting up until at least the 14th century.

Vila do Bispo contains deep ravines, excavated in the shale by the water lines. One of them, Barranco da Pena Furada, flows into a beautiful little beach of the same name.

The beach is a small sandy cove facing northwest, whose rocks hold interesting shapes made by marine erosion.

The natural abundance of game, fish and shellfish have attracted human populations to this coastline since prehistory. South of Barranco da Pena Furada, the trail passes through an archaeological station, currently without surface traces, but where stone artifacts belonging to the Paleolithic were found. The artifacts showed signs of temporary camps that were set up during the milder, more temperate seasons. During spring, take in the scents, watch the feast of pollinating insects and keep a look out for some rare and endemic plants of this coast: Biscutella vicentina, Diplotaxis vicentina, Hyacinthoides vicentina, Herniaria algarvica, Cistus palhinhae, Teucrium vicentinum, Thymus camphoratus and Linaria algarviana.

In the archaeological excavations of this town, they found remains of ceramics, hooks, harpoons, weights of fishing net and vestiges of marine fauna, including a whale bone.

The large plateau that leads the hiker to CARRAPATEIRA Ponta do A do Pau

In the ravines, it is common to hear the common nightingale and the cetti’s warbler.

The white stork, western jackdaw, rock dove and the black redstart nest on the cliffs. In the plateau there are partridges, common kestrel, common linnet and Iberian grey shrikes.

Praia do Amado Vilarinha Praia da Murração

Where to start?

Praia do Mirouço Praia dos Mouranitos

Carrapateira: at largo do Comércio (main square).

Parque Eólico Pena Furada

Praia da Cordoama

Vila do Bispo: at largo da Igreja (church square).

Três Casas

Description of route VILA DO BISPO

Start by crossing the road and take the exit on the other side, direction Southwest.

62

This is one of the sections of the Fishermen’s Trail that offer the most spectacular views. Just when you start to think that you have already seen it all, prepare to be amazed by the incredible rock formations and the otherworldly beaches - Amado, Murração and Manteiga are(km)three ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE unspoilt natural treasures that can be enjoyed by the hikers.

60 40

Fact sheet

60

0 4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Accumulated climb

500 m 420 m DISTANCE (km)

Hard

Difficulty level

40 20

2

6 h 30 m

ALTITUDE (m)

0 PORTO COVO

Approximate duration

Accumulated descent

20

0

16 km

Distance

20

VILA NOVA DE MILFONTES

140 m / 0 m

Max. / Min. altitude

10 8 September 2 4 6 12 15,5 0 to 14 June Recommended season VILA NOVA DE MILFONTES

The path will take you through agricultural fields until you will arrive at the restaurant by the cliffs. Turn south and DISTANCE continue walk(km) ALTITUDE (m) ing towards Amado beach.

Descend to the 150 125 beach and turn left after you reach the bars, 100 then head south. After 200 m, cross the 75 50 valley through the sand and follow the trail 25 0 that starts slightly above the beach. Cross 2 6 8 12 4 10 14 0 16 18 20 21,5 another valley and follow along a coastal ARRIFANA (ALTERNATIVE) CARRAPATEIRA path going up to the Casa do Engenheiro (engineer’s house) to enjoy an absolutely stunning view of the Vicentina Coast with its imposing cliffs. From here, walk down to Murração beach. Before crossing the beach towards the south, pay attention to sea currents and the conditions of the ocean – it is not always possible to cross the beach. On the opposite side, start walking up. Once on top, leave the Circular Route on the left side and go straight for aproximately 700 m. Take a path to the right and when you reach the top of the cliff, enter a trail on the left that follows the coastline up to Manteiga beach. If you decide to go for a swim, be careful and check the ocean conditions.

On the other side of the beach, climb up the cliff and continue walking south until you encounter the Circular Route Cordoama.

Here you can choose whether to go directly to Vila do Bispo along the Fishermen’s Trail, or to explore Barriga beach and Cordoama beach along your way by following the Circular Route, which also leads to the same destination. If you keep following the Fishermen’s Trail, turn left and continue walking for 2 km, until you reach the Historical Way.

ALMOGRAVE

Topographic profile DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0

2

4

6

8

CARRAPATEIRA

10

12

14

16

VILA DO BISPO

Important warnings Pay attention to the sea conditions at Amado and Murração beaches. In case you cannot cross Murração beach, take the Circular Route through the interior.

The last part of this section (3 km) overlaps the Historical Way, signed only with white and red.

This section overlaps with other routes.

Pay attention to the signs.

63

Fishermen’s Trail

Vila do Bispo » Sagres In terms of its climate, its distinct chalky millennia, this was one of the limits of the soil and its proximity to the sea, the coast known world within the extreme southwest of Sagres and Cabo de S. Vicente is quite of Europe. For the peoples who sailed from unique, and was classified as Sagres Bioge- the Mediterranean (Phoenicians, Greeks, netic Reserve in 1988. It is home to endemic Carthaginians, Romans and Arabs), Cabo species, occurring exclusively in this region de S. Vicente was the frontier for mare and along on the southwest coast of Por- incognitum and was known as the Finis tugal. These endemic species include Terrae, that is, the End of the World. A legBiscutella vicentina, Diplotaxis vicentina, end says that the relics of a Christian martyr Hyacinthoides vicentina, Herniaria algar- named S. Vicente, arrived there in the 8th vica, Cistus palhinhae, Teucrium vicentinum, century, adrift in a boat guarded by two Thymus camphoratus, Linaria algarviana, crows. The cult of S. Vicente became so Bellevalia hackelii and Silene rothmaleri important that D. Afonso Henriques, after (endemic to this reserve). taking Lisbon from the Moors, had the relics collected and transferred there to made The peculiar rock formation of Telheiro S. Vicente the patron saint of the city. beach is a geological heritage invaluable for scientific research. It is highly recom- Where to start? mended to go down to this beach in order to observe this fantastic geomonument. At Vila do Bispo: Praça da República, next to the top of the cliff, you can observe raised the main Church. beaches, that is, historic traces of sea erosion when the ocean was at a much higher Sagres: in the Sagres Garden, next to the level. Beneath these deposits is Silves sand- tourism office. stone with its fantastic reddish color, more than 200 million years old. Finally, at the base of the cliff, are schists and greywackes more than 300 million years old, broken and folded, the “root” of an old mountain chain, that has since been devastated by erosion.

Ponta Ruiva

Sagres is the best place in Europe for observing migratory seabirds, such as scopoli’s shearwater, great black-backed gull, great skua, sandwich tern and other terns.

Especially when the weather is bad, these species can be observed from land. When the weather is good, it is the dolphins that attract your attention, traveling through the sea off the coastline. In October, don’t miss the famous Sagres Birdwatching Festival.

In addition to migratory birds, Sagres is home to an isolated population of red-billed chough, which nests on escarpments and feeds on pasture fields.

Sagres means “sacred” and for three 64

Praia do Telheiro

Vale Santo

VILA DO BISPO

Covões

Pedra das Gaivotas

Cabo de S. Vicente

Forte do Belixe

SAGRES Praia do Tonel Ponta de Sagres

This trail brings us closer to the culture, geology and biodiversity of this extreme southwest of Europe, a unique and special place.

ALTITUDE (m) Description of route

Fact sheet 20.5 km

Distance Approximate duration

7h

Accumulated climb

150 m 200 m

Accumulated descent DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 80

60

After de municpal market, and just by the restaurant, take the left turn and walk west, 20 following the Historical Way for 6 km until 0 10 8 2 4Ruiva.

6 12the 14 15,5 0 Ponta Here, leave Historical VILA NOVA DE MILFONTES ALMOGRAVE Way and continue on the Fishermen’s Trail walking along the coast. Before arriving at Telheiro beach, the trail turns inland and crosses the ravine ALTITUDE of Quebradas by a small DISTANCE (km) (m) wooden staircase.

Take a path that crosses 140 120 another valley with a stream, ascending to 100 80 the other side. Be aware that almost 1 km 60 40 after, the trail markings will be mainly on 20 0 cairns; however, the trail always keeps going 2 6 8 12 4 10 0 14 16 southwest, parallel to the coast, with the CARRAPATEIRA VILA DO BISPO large lighthouse as a guide. When you reach a road, head towards Cabo de S. Vicente.

Leaving the lighthouse behind, continue towards Sagres for almost one kilometer.

Just before the Beliche Fort, take a track going parallel to the road and the cliffs. In this area, the Fishermen’s Trail and the Historical Way overlap. Continue for more than a kilometer along the road to Beliche beach. Then, keep walking along the cliffs until the entrance of the Sagres Fortress.

DISTANCE (km)

Average

Difficulty level

60

40

40 20 0

150 m / 20 m

Max. / Min. altitude

8season 2 4 6 10 12 September 14 16 18 to 20 June22 Recommended

0

ALMOGRAVE

ZAMBUJEIRA DO MAR

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0

2

VILA DO BISPO

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20,5 SAGRES

Tips Refreshments along the way: except for the final section, on arrival at the lighthouse, there is no supply spot during the journey.

Take advantage of your stay in Sagres for a nautical excursion for whale and sea birds watching. Please check the Programes & Activities area of Rota Vicentina webiste.

Important warnings The first part of this trail corresponds to the Historical Way, marked only in white and red.

About 1 km after the Telheiro beach, the marking can be spotted by piles of stones.

Walk with the utmost attention so that you do not go off the right track. When finding fallen piles, please reagange the stones for the safety of the next hikers.

This section overlaps with other routes. Pay attention to the signs.

65

Fishermen’s Trail

Sagres » Salema The Baleeira cove is home to several unique habitats, which include the water lines dominated by the tamarisk (Tamarix africana), the coastal marshes containing limestone, the Martinhal Lagoon, the dunes, the sandy beach, the intertidal rocky zone and the coastal islets that emerge from the sea in the middle of the cove.

the limestone. Since at least the Neolithic period, this area had human occupation.

Between the beaches of Martinhal and Rebolinhos there are vestiges of Roman occupation (3rd to 5th centuries AD) - including a cistern, nine furnaces for producing amphorae and a kiln for producing tiles and bricks. A large potter’s center would have most likely existed here, specialized in the production of amphoras to pack salted fish and fish sauces. The location of this center was chosen due to the proximity of clay pits and the ease of transport by sea, thanks to the protection of Baleeira cove. At Ponta da Fisga, a rocky ledge between the beaches of Zavial and Ingrina, was once the thriving Zavial fort. Nowadays, it remains the basis of what would have been a small, rectangular military fort, built in the 18th century. Before this, there was the fort of Santo Inácio, destroyed by the earthquake of 1755. From this point on, the landscape is magnificent and you can see the coast until Ponta da Torre (900 m) to the east and to Ponta da Atalaia (6 km) to the west.

The Martinhal lagoon is dry in the summer, but during the winter, it is filled with as much salt water during the winter storms as fresh water from Barrancos das Mós and Vale do Lobo. The species that colonize it are adapted to these variations in salinity and water availability. It is a great spot for birdwatching, especially during migration time, when very rare species emerge. Two birds that live here are the blue rock thrush and the red-billed chough, identifiable only by the most attentive observer, since at first glance they appear totally black. The Baleeira islets are small rocky islands whose submerged walls are explored by divers to see fish, shrimp, anemones, crabs and gorgonians (a family of soft corals). Calcite, a dominant mineral in the clear rocks of the cliffs, is dissolved by the water into irregular forms, creating arcs, great rocks emerging from the water and caves. Although on a smaller scale, the sea and the water runoff also carve fine and delicate traces into

Where to start?

Sagres: in Sagres garden, next to the tourism office.

Salema: in Salema beach.

Praia da Figueira

SALEMA Praia do Barranco Lage de Água

SAGRES Praia do Martinhal Praia da Baleeira

Ponta de Sagres

66

Ponta da Torre

Along this route, the hardest section of the Fishermen’s Trail, the hiker is rewarded by the view of the enormous calcareous cliffs, hugged by the beaches of Martinhal, Barranco, Ingrina, Zavial, Furnas, Figueira and finally Salema.

ALTITUDE (m)

Fact sheet

Approximate duration

600 m 650 m

Accumulated descent

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 80

60

60

Description of Route

20

8h

Accumulated climb

80

40

19.5 km

Distance

40 20

0

0

8 2 4 by6 walking 10 east 12 14 16 an 20 22 Turn 18 avenue.

Start along ZAMBUJEIRA DO MAR left before the port and cross Martinhal beach. On the other side of the beach, start following a trail that begins in front of the bar of an hotel and DISTANCE continue until (km) ALTITUDE (m) the next beach (Rebolinhos), where you 140 120 should cross the small water stream to 100 80 find the route in the cliffs ahead. Follow 60 40 along the coast and then a little inland.

20 0 Be careful, when descending to Barranco 2 6 8 12 4 10 0 14 16 18 20,5 beach and climbing up the opposite side.

VILA DO BISPO SAGRES Enjoy the spectacular view over a small bay and continue following the trail, first to Ingrina beach and then to Zavial beach.

Before Zavial, there is a passage close to the cliff, which is not recommended for people afraid of heights. If you prefer, you can walk the distance between both beaches by following an asphalt road, which goes a little more inland. From the restaurant Zavial, cross the beach walking towards the pine forest, where the path will be marked again just a bit higher above the beach. Once you reach the top of the cliff overlooking Zavial beach, enjoy the breathtaking view from both sides. Continue walking east to Furnas beach and when arriving, turn inland by following a dirt path. after 1 km take the agricultural path on the right. Shortly after, turn right, towards the sea. Ahead, follow the trail marked on the left above the cliff.

Continue and be careful when descending to Figueira beach, especially, if the terrain is wet. Once you reach the other side of the beach, climb up to the Figueira fort along the marked path and continue walking for approximately 500 m. From here, the path will turn inland and go up towards Salema.

DISTANCE (km)

Difficulty level

Very hard

Max. / Min. altitude

80 m / 0 m

16 June 18,5 2 6 season 8 12 4 10 September 14 to Recommended

0

0

ALMOGRAVE

ZAMBUJEIRA DO MAR

ODECEIXE

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

80 60 40 20 0 0

2

4

6

8

10

SAGRES

12

14

16

18

19,5

SALEMA

Important warnings When the ground is wet, you must take special care when descending to the beaches.

In winter the beach bars may be closed, so there are only supplies at the beginning and end of the section. The route also contains steep areas, so make sure to watch your step.

This section overlaps with other routes.

Pay attention to the signs.

Tips During low tide, it is easy to cross the road between Furnas and Figueira beaches.

200 m west of the parking lot of Salema beach, look out for the beautiful footprints of the dinosaurs that crossed the Fishermen’s Trail 250 million years ago!

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Fishermen’s Trail

Salema » Luz In the vegetation on the cliffs, a close look discovers wild orchids and lilies, dwarf palms and many aromatic plants, such as thyme, mastic tree or lavender. The trail crosses, in Boca do Rio, a permanent water course, a result of the confluence of several streams. North of this point you can find Lontreira Bog (Paul da Lontreira), which is worth exploring before continuing. It is a wetland with more than 100 hectares, dominated by reeds and narrowleaf cattail.

compartments and walls with painted stuccoes were found, which indicates the prosperity of this ancient settlement.

Less than 2 km from Boca do Rio, at the bottom of the sea, are the remains of L’Océan, a 60-meter-long ship that carried 80 cannons and 800 crew members.

It was the admiral ship of a french fleet of 14 ships. During the Seven Years War it was sunk by the mighty British navy in the Battle of Lagos in August 1759.

On the banks of the water lines the tamarisk predominates and in the humid floodplains, where paddie fields once existed, pastures and rushes now flourish. The otter is the emblematic species in Paul da Lontreira, but has nocturnal habits, so it is not easily seen. In the avifauna, the species to note are the common gallinule, Eurasian coot, common moorhen, snowy egret, purple heron, grey heron, zitting cisticola, Eurasian reed warbler, savi’s warbler and Eurasian penduline tit (a rare species only observed in winter).

In the 17th century, repeated attacks by pirates and privateers on fishing tackle led the then Governor and Captain General of the Algarve, D. Luís de Sousa, to have a fort built to defend the coast, just east from Boca do Rio beach. The pirates acted outside the law, attacking even the ships of their own country. The privateers, however, were granted the right by the state of seizing ships and looting villages from enemy states. Both reached their peak in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The fort of Almádena resisted the earthquake of 1755, but it was abandoned when the coast was no longer under threat. The last known uses of the fort took place in the Civil War (1832-1834) and in the 19th century for contraband surveillance on the coast.

At the western end of the Boca do Rio beach, you can recognise the remains of a Roman villa, which included fish salting workshops, a bathhouse, a residential area and a domestic service area. Mosaic-clad

Lagos

LUZ

Burgau

SALEMA Boca do Rio

Praia do Burgau Praia de Cabanas Velhas

68

Ponta da Cama da Vaca

In this last stage within the Natural park, it is worth taking a pair of binoculars to observe the birds that appear along this path, especially if it is early in the morning. Looking out you can imagine the ancient attacks of pirates and corsairs, in landALTITUDE and(m)atDISTANCE sea.(km)

Fact sheet Distance Approximate duration

80 60

40

40

20

20

0

0 4

6

8

10

12

16

14

80

18,5

40

80 m / 0 m

Max. / Min. altitude

22,5 2 6 8season 12 September 4 10 14 16 18 to20June Recommended ALJEZUR

Topographic profile DISTANCE (km)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 80 60 40

Luz: in Luz beach.

20

Average

Difficulty level

ODECEIXE

Salema: in Salema beach.

60

DISTANCE (km)

0

ODECEIXE

Where to start? ALTITUDE (m)

400 m ALTITUDE (m)

100

2

400 m

Accumulated descent

60

ZAMBUJEIRA DO MAR

5h

Accumulated climb

80

0

12 km

20

0

0 0

Description of route 2

4

SAGRES

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

19,5

0

SALEMA

1

SALEMA

Start by walking the side walk by the beach and up along rua dos Pescadores. A few meters before a larger road, turn right onto an ascending path that leads to the ocean and Boca do Rio beach. Afterwards, you will have to cross the stream and ascend towards the ocean again. From here, the trail turns left and leads to the Almádena Fort. Proceed east, turn slightly inland to bypass a large house and start descending to Cabanas Velhas beach. On the other side, climb up along the cliff. Here, the path turns a little away from the coast and heads towards the village of Burgau. Walk east along rua da Fortaleza and over the cliffs, leaving the territory of the Southwest Alentejo and Vicentine Coast Natural Park.

As you approach Luz, the signs of civilization will become more common; nevertheless, enjoy the wonderful sceneries that the trail provides.

Tips In Burgau, enjoy lunch or a coffee in the picturesque narrow streets and alleys.

69

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12 LUZ

Fishermen’s Trail

Luz » Lagos In the cliffs between Luz beach and Ponta da Piedade there is particularly rich information about the Middle Cretaceous period of the Earth’s history, when the mass extinction of dinosaurs was impending.

Between Luz beach and Lagos beach the rocks capture the walker’s gaze and tell curious stories. While the gaze might wander to the immensity of the sea or to the aromatic green of the Mediterranean vegetation, it ultimately always ends up traveling back to the stones along the route. Between the contrast of the white of the limestone and the blackness of the volcanic rocks or between the organized geometry of the strata and the unexpected shapes sculpted by erosion or tectonic deformations, it is a striking landscape to take in.

beach, plant fossils are observed in layers of strongly colored sandstone. In the layers of limestone, the fossils present are of shells (bivalve and gastropods). Further east, at Ponta das Ferrarias, the dark rock between white cliffs corresponds to an old volcanic chimney. Volcanism here occurred 75 million years ago, when the Iberian Peninsula hit Africa, in a rotation related to the movement of the plates.

In Ponta da Piedade, the karst relief is impressive, forming arches, great rocks emerging from the water, and caves, and on a smaller scale, fine traces that draining water draws as it dissolutes the limestone. On this rocky ledge, there was once a Roman temple, a Moorish temple, a Christian hermitage, a fortification to protect Torrinha’s fishing tackle, and even a lighthouse. The construction of the lighthouse of Ponta da Piedade ended in 1913, after many incidents that prevented the advance of the project which began in 1883. In fact, to construct the lighthouse it was necessary to demolish what was left of the Hermitage of Nossa Senhora da Piedade, which many people strongly opposed.

To the west of Luz beach, in Ponta da Calheta, layers of sandstone present fossils of a small marine snail - Nerinea algarbiensis.

The cross-line design of these layers indicate marine currents and the position of the coastline more than 100 million years ago. Further down, the rocks subjected to the tide show an interesting network of fractures and cavities excavated within, known as giant’s kettles. To the east of Luz

Upon arrival in Lagos, you will be greeted by the impressive view over Meia Praia beach.

The fort of Ponta da Bandeira watches over the entrance of this important port, where the adventure of the Portuguese discoveries began six centuries ago. You can greet the statue of the main supporter of these expeditions, Infante Dom Henrique, in the square that is his namesake. Between his hands, the navigational instrument, the sextant, reflects the dominance that the Portuguese had in maritime navigation, long before the invention of GPS! Lagos marks the beginning of the Algarve, known globally as a top destination for sun and beach tourism, with an exceptional cultural and religious heritage, as well as a dynamic nightlife.

LAGOS

Meia Praia

LUZ

Praia D. Ana Praia do Camilo

Rocha Negra

Praia de Porto Mós Ponta da Piedade

70

On the last section of this great coastal trail, bizarre cliffs of various colours hold the hiker’s gaze - shades of ocher, red, gray, white and black contrast with the bright blueness of the ocean. Our journey ends in the city of Lagos, from where - long before the tourists all over ALTITUDEfrom (m) DISTANCE (km) the world came looking for sun and sand - the Portuguese set sail to discover the world.

100 80 60 40 20

Fact sheet

Approximate duration

2

4

6

8

12

10

14

16

18

20

120 100

Easy

Difficulty level

80 60 40

110 m / 0 m

Max. / Min. altitude

20

22,5

2 6 season 8 12 4 10 14 to June 16 17,5 September Recommended

0

ALJEZUR

ALJEZUR

ARRIFANA

Topographic profile

Luz: in Luz beach.ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) 100

Lagos: at the train station.

60

300 m DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

Where to start?

80

300 m

Accumulated descent

0 ODECEIXE

4h

Accumulated climb

0 0

11 km

Distance

80 60

40

Description of route

20

40 20 0

0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

0

Head east, crossing Luz beachLUZalong a small road that curves to the left and ascends leading through a residential neighborhood. Afterwards, keep walking straight (do not turn right), following the marked track that bends slightly to the left and ascends to a geodetic mark. Then, head towards the ocean and continue following the path along the cliffs until you reach Porto de Mós beach. Look for the famous black rock in the middle of the white cliffs! On the other side of Porto de Mós beach, follow an ascending road for 400 m and turn right, walking through the neighborhood until you find the walkway that leads to Ponta da Piedade. Arriving there, pass by the lighthouse and enjoy the typical atmosphere of a tourist hotspot. Departing from Ponta da Piedade, first follow a path and then take the road leading to Dona Ana beach. Between this beach and the city of Lagos, there is a small section where the trail still continues along the ocean, and then, joins a coastal road to Lagos. Pass the fort of Ponta da Bandeira, staying on the coastal road; then, cross the bridge of marina de Lagos – you will arrive at the train station.

LUZ

SALEMA

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 LAGOS

Tips Lagos is a city with very active nightlife and a huge range of restaurants whose specialty is fish and seafood.

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Circular

Routes

These are short and medium routes that You have 24 different Circular Routes scatstart and finish in the same place, so that it tered between the coast and interior, from becomes even easier to discover the plea- Santiago do Cacém to Vila do Bispo. sure of walking in the Southwest of Portugal, without transfers, nor complications.

SIGNAGE FOR CIRCULAR ROUTES right way

wrong way

to the left

to the right

to the left

to the right

COMBINED SIGNAGE When the Circular Routes overlaps with the Historical Way right way

wrong way

72

Fact sheet 24 Circular Routes (between 3.5 and 17 km) that start and finish at the same place

The circulation of vehicles on the dunes is prohibited Footpaths approved by the Portuguese Federation of Camping and Mountaineering (FCMP)

Self-explanatory trail signs so you can walk the trail on your own, in either directions Accommodation and other services along the way Avoid doing the routes in the interior on a motorcycle or in a jeep. Look into other options

73

1 Historic Santiago Circular Route

The village was ruled by the Moor Kassem from the 8th to the 12th century, when it was taken over by troops loyal to portuguese King Afonso Henriques. It was later donated to the Order of Santiago de Espada.

The medieval town of Santiago de Kassem acquired great importance in the 13th century, and received its first Formal Charter from King Dinis I, a monarch who donated the village and castle to Vetacia Lascaris, a Greek princess responsible for the education of his daughter Constança. After the death of Vetacia, in 1336, the village returned to the ownership of the Order of Santiago.

The route crosses the ruins of the Roman city of Miróbriga, abandoned in the 5th century. These ruins include dwellings, a hippodrome, thermal baths, a forum, multiple temples and a bridge. Well-preserved Roman cities are not common in Portugal, which makes Miróbriga a special archaeological station. You can see the sophistication of the bath system, with public bathrooms each at different temperatures.

The forum and the commercial area are also both well preserved, with several shops and a tavern.

Where to start?

The quaint narrow streets are examples of common architecture of the time, but you can also find imposing manors from the time of the great feudal lords. Agriculture was based around wheat, fruits and cork, while livestock centered on horses, mules, donkeys, cattle, sheep, goats and swine. In the 19th century, the town was very prosperous. There were cork factories, sawmills and carpentries, mills, forges, workshops, ironmongers and sawmills. The village attracted lawyers, pharmacists, grocers and farm traders, and allowed cafes, cultural and recreational associations to flourish, such as Sociedade Harmonia, the oldest community in the country.

Santiago do Cacém: on the road of the urban park Ria da Figueira, next to the municipal swimming pools.

Description of route Walk through the urban park at Rio da Figueira until you reach the Casa dos Escuteiros (scouts’ house). Turn right, away from the Historical Way, by passing a small dam.

Just before the railway, exit the park by following a trail on the right, go up to passeio das Romeirinhas and turn left. Next to the viewpoint, turn onto the second street on the right and explore the architectural heritage of Santiago do Cacém along your way. Walk past the Carreira Palace,

The first car in Portugal, a Panhard & Levassor, arrived to the city in 1895, imported from Paris by the 4th Count of Avillez. At the beginning of the 20th century, the widowed Countess Maria Carolina, initiated the creation of the Tapada gardens between the palace and the castle barbican wall, intending to combine a botanical garden with a park of romantic inspiration. The Condes’ Tapada, which is now a public park, includes curious buildings such as St. Jorge’s Chapel and a Tea House with a neo-Manueline portal and a neo-Gothic greenhouse, which is now in ruins.

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

Ruínas Romanas de Miróbriga

Aldeia dos Chãos

74

This route takes us to the historical center of the city with probably the highest historical cultural interest of the Alentejo Coast, passing by the Roman Ruins of Miróbriga. The castle, from the Islamic period, and the main church, from the 13th century, are both national monuments.

Fact sheet 9 km

Distance Approximate duration

3 h 30 m

Accumulated descent

300 m Average

Difficulty level

260 m / 150 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Sociedade Harmonia, Misericórdia church and the square with the pillory, until you reach the beautiful main church. When you start descending to the center, the trail will follow the road for about 100 m along the Historical Way and then turn left towards the Municipal garden, where you can enjoy a coffee and visit the Municipal Museum.

clockwise

Recommended direction

Recommended season September till June

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

5

7

275 250 225 200 175 150 125 0

After walking through the garden, head south and turn left towards the Parish Council. Start ascending along an old path until you find Cumeadas road, which will lead to the Roman Ruins of Miróbriga, a must-see experience during your journey.

These ruins were a settlement during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age (6th and 7th centuries BC), inhabited until the 4th century. After passing the ruins, you will reach a roundabout. Turn left and before the old hippodrome, take a right turn onto a dirt road. After about 500 m, next to some satellite towers, turn right and keep walking until you arrive at the national road.

Turn right again, and then turn left before the village of Bairro da Formiga, following a path that will take you through a pine forest and then join the Historical Way once more. Take a right and then a left turn, and, shortly before you reach the railway, pass through a small gate to your right that will lead you back to the Rio da Figueira park.

0

1

2

3

4

6

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

8

9

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

Tips ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

280 Next to the main church, take a stroll 260 240 around the castle and visit the Tapada.

220 200 180

160 Also visit the Miróbriga ruins (check 0 0,5 1 1,5 2,5 3visiting 3,5 4 hours 4,5 5 0 confirm and the 2public RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (SHORT) RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL previously).

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

200 150 100 50 0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

SANTA CLARA

9

10

SANTA CLARA

Important warnings Pay attention to the white, red and yellow markings on the Circular Routes that run together with the Historical Way, as well as the signage marked with yellow and red for Circular Routes.

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 0

75

2

BORDEIRA (LONG)

4

6

8

10

12

14

16 17 BORDEIRA

2 Sissal Beach Circular Route

On this route overlooking the sea, the dune vegetation fills with color in the spring, when thyme, wild garlic, gum rockrose, lavender and shrubby everlasting perfume the atmosphere and attract an amazing diversity of insects. This variety of insects serves as food for many birds, such as larks, the European stonechat, the pipits and the corn buntings. At low tide, the restless dunlins, plovers and ruddy turnstones seek out small invertebrates to feed on. The Western jackdaw, which can be found in only a few places in Portugal, is easy to spot along this route. It likes to be in open fields with scattered trees, and near quarries or coastal cliffs, where it finds cavities to make its nest. For breeding, it forms long-lasting pairs, which nest each year in not just in the same exact place, but in the same exact nest.

there would be workshops (for example a forge) and a bread baking oven. At that time, the industrial activity of fish salting began, packing the salted fish in amphorae and producing it in the Sado and Tejo rivers.

From the second half of the third century, the island transitioned fully to be a center for the production of fish products. This led to the construction of buildings like the bathhouse, which contained a dressing room, a semicircular tub of cold water (which functioned as a frigidarium), hot baths, consisting of a large rectangular room controlled by an apse and heating systems (furnace and hipocaustum).

At the north end, the island seems to have been sliced by a gigantic knife. There are vestiges of a great enterprise that occurred during the end of the 16th century: the creation of an artificial port, whose objective was to create ideal conditions for tuna and sardine fishing and for the settlement of inhabitants in the region. At the same time, the construction of a fort on the island and on the land began as well, in order to protect the port. However, this project was abandoned in 1603, due to the political issues of the time, frequent pirate attacks and technical difficulties.

The island of Pessegueiro, 340 m long and 325 m wide, is a strong component of this route’s landscape, and is just 250 m from the coastline. The island stands as an emerging part of a large fossil dune, now partly submerged, which resulted from the consolidation of ancient dunes formed when the sea was a few kilometers back from the current coastline. Nowadays this island works just like a giant breakwater. Two old port establishments have been documented, one that existed during the Iron Age and the other in the Roman Age, each taking advantage of the island’s natural shelter. In the second half of the first century, a Roman trading warehouse was founded on the Island of Pessegueiro where amphorae filled with salted or sauced fish were manufactured, while olive oil, wine and ceramics were obtained from Bética, southern Gaul and the Iberian Peninsula. In turn, the island drained mining products from Serra do Cercal mountain. In the second century, modernization of construction occurred.

In addition to housing and warehouses,

Praia do Samoqueiro

Samonqueira

Praia do Salto

PORTO COVO

Praia do Espingardeiro

Caniceira

Ilha do Pessegueiro

Forte da Ilha Barranco do Queimado

76

This is a short hike that allows the less experienced hiker a taste of the grand Fishermen’s Trail without having to commit to the more difficult parts of the route. The cliffs contain surprisingly bizarre geologic forms, contrasting with the soft curves of the dunes. The route is always looked over upon by the Pessegueiro island resting off the coastline in the background.

Fact sheet

Description of Route

BORDEIRA (LONG)

30 m / 0 m

ALTITUDE (m)

10

DISTANCE (km)

20 10 0 0

12

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

PORTO COVO

4,5

PORTO COVO

Pay attention to the signage as there are ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) intersections with a other routes.

280 260

240 Tips 220 200 180 160 140 0

Refreshments along the way: in Porto Covo.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (MEDIUM) DE SEISSAL At the turning point of this CircularRIBEIRA Route, you can continue with the Fishermen’s Trail another 200 m to visit the beach of Ilha do Pessegueiro.

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km)

150 120 90 60 30 0 0

2

4

6

8

10

13,5

12

SABÓIA

SABÓIA

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

125 100

Pay attention to the high tide period, which may make it impossible to cross the fishing port of Porto Covo.

8

Easy

30

ALTITUDE (m) Important warnings

6

Difficulty level

Topographic profile

Pass by Marquês de Pombal square – the heart of Porto Covo, and a prime example of the typical 18th4 century architecture.

Take a 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 moment and observe the local elderly genSANTIAGO DO CACÉM SANTIAGO DO CACÉM tlemen having good time; then, walk along the Fishermen’s Trail, passing by the fishing port. At the fork that separates the FisherALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) follow men’s Trail from the Historical Way, 280 the Fishermen’s Trail to the right, continuing 260 240 along the coast, until you reach Sissal beach 220 200 and the iconic Island of Pessegueiro, immor180 160 talized today by the popular song Porto Covo 0 0,5 Rui 1 Veloso, 1,5 2 portuguese 2,5 3 3,5 musician..

4 4,5 5 0 by Admire RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (SHORT) DE SEISSAL the breathtaking views and RIBEIRA let yourself to travel to a time of buccaneers and pirates.

Before reaching a small wooden bridge that leads to Praia da Ilha, leave the Fishermen’s ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) Trail behind, but not before enjoying another 200 impressive view of the immense and inspir150 100 ing Atlantic Ocean. Head to the left and con50 tinue walking until arriving at the paved road 0 that accesses Ilha do Pessegueiro beach.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 From here, turn left onto a dirtSANTA path, SANTA CLARA CLARA surrounded by dunes on one side and by pastures on the other, and return to Porto Covo.

4

120 m

DISTANCE (km)

250 225 200 175 150 125 0

2

Accumulated descent

Recommended season September till June

ALTITUDE (m)

0

2h

Recommended direction counterclockwise

Porto Covo: at the main square.

175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0

Approximate duration

Max. / Min. Altitude

Where to start?

275

4.5 km

Distance

14

75 50 25 0

16 17 BORDEIRA

0

77

2

CARRAPATEIRA

4

6

8

10

12

14

CARRAPATEIRA

3 The Paddy Fields of Campilhas Circular Route

Along this route, you will cross wheat fields, meadows, oak forests, eucalyptus, cork oak and stone pine forests, all on gently undulating land. Some very old cork trees are truly majestic, opening their branches to the nests of the chaffinch, tits, hoopoes, owls and eagles.

The water lines, with their fantastic galleries of European ash and willow trees, act as ecological corridors for the dispersal of plants and animals. Their effect is enhanced by the different vines of ivy, honeysuckle and common smilax and riparian shrubs, which eventually overtake the gallery with vegetation, providing an excellent place for feeding, refuge and reproduction for many animals. At the edges of the eucalyptus forest, it is easy to observe two endemic species that are exclusive to this corner of the Iberian Peninsula: the Cynara algarbiensis and the Centaurea vicentina. In the spring, the roadsides are filled with wild peas, shrubby everlasting, pale flax, narrowleaf lupin, spade-moths and wild orchids of the genus Serapias. In the autumn, along the canal and the water lines, the hawthorn is filled with vibrant red, edible fruits. In the shrubs the carqueja predominates, along with the tojo-gatum, the sage-leaved rockrose, the gum rockrose, the flax-leaved daphne and the Columbian waxweed (Cuphea carthagenensis).

The platforms built in these trees, where local hunters wait for boars, prove the rich abundance of the animals in the area. You can also find traces of otter, badger and fox. Encounters with the partridges, corn buntings, and European stonechat are common along the way. From the beginning of the rainy season until the end of spring, the temporary ponds are in their aquatic phase, drying completely in the summer, and offering an abundance and diversity of tadpoles. These ponds are essential for the reproduction of frogs, toads, salamanders and newts (amphibians). In fact, because the ponds are temporary, these habitats do not even have fish or crayfish, which are typical habitual predators of the eggs and the larvae of the amphibians.

Where to start?

A common insect in the spring and early summer, is the red-striped oil beetle, (Berberomeloe majalis). It is large (measuring on average 5 cm long), black and may have red streaks on the abdomen. The female lays eggs in a small hole in the ground. The larvae ascend up through the herbs to the flowers and await the arrival of a bee, or other insect of that order. They then cling to the legs of the bee, hitching a ride to the victim’s nest, where they begin their parasitic feast, eating eggs, larvae and food that was intended for the larvae of the bees. After several metamorphoses, the adult emerges to the outside world and becomes herbivorous. When it feels threatened, the red-striped oil beetle expels a reddish liquid with a toxic substance - cantharidin - that can cause irritations in the skin and is poisonous if ingested.

Campilhas’ Dam: at the north side of the dam.

Barragem de Campilhas Foros de Monte Novo Charnequinha

Silveiras

78

It was in the years of the Second Republic, that big dams were built in Alentejo. This walk allows you to see both irrigated and dry farming of the land, with beautiful cork oak forests that are home to rich flora and fauna. Spring is especially generous to this specific route, tinting the fields with colors of all kinds in a feast for the eyes, while the birds create the perfect soundtrack to accompany this picturesque scene.

Description of route ALTITUDE (m)

Fact sheet

3

3,5

120 m / 70 m clockwise

ALTITUDE (m)

110

2,5

Very easy / Easy

Topographic profiles

From the reservoir, follow the road to the north and after 200 m, enter a dirt road on 80 your right. After walking along it for approx70 0 imately 600 m,6take a8 sharp10 turn to the left, 0 2 4 12 13 entering a valley and crossing a stream.

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (LONG) BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS Further down, pass by ruins and then the farmhouse of Monte Vale da DISTANCE Serra(km) – a beauALTITUDE (m) tiful building with a swimming pool. Keep 30 ALTITUDE (m) same DISTANCE (km) ignorwalking straight along the path, 20 280 ing all crossroads or junctions for 1.4 km.

250 10 220 You will find a sign where you can choose 190 160 0 to follow straight ahead and do the long 130 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 100 trail, or turn right and walk a shorter route.

PORTO COVO 0 PORTO COVO 2 6 8 10 13 0 If you go 4straight, walk through a12cork oak RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (LONG) RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL and eucalyptus forest until you reach the Campilhas stream. You can cross it by a ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) wooden bridge; then, continue walking until 280 the farm of Monte da Cordeira.

Before the 260 ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) 240 farm, turn right and keep walking straight 220 100 200 180 along a trail parallel to the irrigation canal.

75 160 140 50 500 m before Charnequinhas Velhas, you 0 25 0 1 2 5 6 7 8 Walk will come to3 the 4shorter route again.

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL 0 RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (MEDIUM) up to the village; and once at the asphalt 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 15 road, turn right and walk for 1.2 km.

Before ODECEIXE ODECEIXE a small house, exit the road onto a dirt path, turn left after the stream andDISTANCE continue walkALTITUDE (m) (km) ing through a large abandoned farm called 150 DISTANCE (km) 120 Monte do Rego de ALTITUDE Cima(m)- you will return to 90 125 the starting point of the trail. After the walk, 60 100 30 we recommend you to go for a refreshing 75 0 50 swim and a picnic in8the peaceful and quiet 2 4 6 10 13,5 12 25 0 SABÓIA 0 SABÓIACampilhas dam.

2

150 m / 200 m

DISTANCE (km)

4

4,5

90 80 0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (SHORT)

7

8

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

120 110 100 40 90 30 80 70 20 0 10 0

2

4

6

0 BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (LONG) 0 1 2 3

8

10

12

13

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS

4

5

6

7

ALMOGRAVE

8

8,5

ALMOGRAVE

Important warnings ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

280 This route has two variants and overlaps on 250 ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) 220 a125 small part the Historical Way. Be aware 190 160 100 of the signage.

130 75 100 0 50

2

25 0

4

0 RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (LONG) 0 2 4

6

8

10

12

13

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

6

8

10

12

14

ODECEIXE

16 ODECEIXE

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

100 75 100 50 75 25 50 0 25 0

2

0 ODECEIXE 0 1

5

VILARINHA

DISTANCE (km)

100

90

1,5

Accumulated descent

Recommended season September till June

100

1

2 h 30 m / 4 h

Recommended direction

110

0,5

Approximate duration

Max. / Min. Altitude

120

VILARINHA

8 km / 13 km

Difficulty levels

120

0

Distance

79

PRAIA DO AMADO

4

6

8

10

12

14

15

ODECEIXE

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

PRAIA DO AMADO

4 Cercal do Alentejo Circular Route

The Circular Route Cercal do Alentejo gives us a perfect example of the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The route takes us along paths that have been traveled for centuries, leading to gardens and orchards, pastures and wheat fields, in a daily movement, like a heart beating between the heat of the village and the surrounding fertile land that nourishes it.

as being surrounded by “vast assemblages of cork oaks and large marshlands” with the lands producing “copious wheat harvests”. In this prosperous land, agriculture has always had an ally in the mining of copper, iron and manganese. Of these, iron was the main metal mined, in the five mines of this village - Cerro da Fonte Santa, Toca do Mocho, Serra da Mina, Serra das Tulhas and Serra de Rosalgar, which ceased activity in 2000.

Fig, quince, olive, orange, loquat and lemon trees comprise the pleasant, surrounding orchards. The fields feed sheep, goats, cows, chickens and geese. Among many wild birds, you can watch carrion crows, white wagtails, cattle egrets, Eurasian wrens, corn buntings and Eurasian blackcaps. You can also find traces of the wild boar, mud wallows, rubs and rooting. In the hedges, groves and on the edges of the agricultural fields, wild plants such as honeysuckle, gum rockrose, false olive, lavender, kermes oak, gall oak, butcher’s-broom and flax-leaved daphne abound. Some are used in cooking, as is the case of laurel, wild asparagus, oregano or strawberry tree. In the wettest places they grow together with St. John’s wort and apple mint, and on the banks of the water lines the willows are aplenty.

A legend tells of a nobleman who arrested his daughter in the tower of Casa das Heras, in Mandorelha, locking her away from meeting a commoner whom she was in love with, and throwing the key into the waterfall. The captive girl used to come to the window, by the tumultuous waters, combing her hair as she sang a sad song. One day she ceased to appear, and the people believed she threw herself into the water. From then on, during full moon nights, the ghost of the young woman appears in Mandorelha, running a gold comb through her hair, and singing as she used to.

The trail crosses Quinta da Mandorelha, an emblematic location in Cercal where, until a few years ago, courtship and dancing took place to the sound of the harmonica and accordion. While there are vestiges of human activity in Cercal since prehistory, it was from the Roman occupation time that Cercal became one of the most inhabited places in the region, and it is easy to understand why: the relief is flattened, the fields are protected from sea winds by Cercal’s mountain range, and the water is abundant, coming from springs in the mountains and distributed by the water lines that cross the territory. Reports from the 18th century describe Cercal do Alentejo

Teimosas

Poucas Farinhas

Sesmarias

Boavista

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

Toca do Mocho

Paiol

Chaparral

Salgadinho

80

Traveling through the village of Cercal, this route crosses a mosaic of small farms, vegetable gardens and orchards, where you can experience the authentic, rural life of the people of Alentejo.

Across the path we find many small water lines, born in Serra do Cercal mountain, running eastwards towards the Campilhas dam and on to Sado river.

Fact sheet 7.5 km

Distance Approximate duration

2 h 30 m

Accumulated descent

200 m Easy

Difficulty level

190 m / 130 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

clockwise

Recommended direction

Recommended season September till June

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

190

120 110

170

100

150

Where to start?

90 80

130

0

0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

8

Cercal do Alentejo: at theBARRAGEM village’s roundDE CAMPILHAS about (largo dos Caeiros).

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (SHORT)

Description of route ALTITUDE (m)

The route begins in the roundabout of Cercal, where you will find several cafes 20 and restaurants. Make sure to begin or end 10 the walk by tasting some local sweets of 0 0 1 2 Follow 3 4 5 6 7 8towards 8,5 Cercal. the road that goes ALMOGRAVE Vila Nova de Milfontes and turnALMOGRAVE right onto Humberto Delgado street. Walk down the street past the well-known Casa do Médico (doctor’s home), with beautiful tile panels.

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) At the end, turn left onto Aldeia Galega 125 100 street and afterwards, turn right onto Com75 batentes da Grande Guerra street. After 50 25 passing by the old washhouses, the trail 0 leaves the Historical Way,12 which leads to 0 2 4 6 8 10 14 16 the right, and continues straightODECEIXE ahead to ODECEIXE Mandorelha, where you can cross the river.

Turn right and enjoy the small, quaint farms, orchards and herb gardens. After a few (m) DISTANCE (km) meters, the trail willALTITUDE shortly join the Histor100 ical Way again before leaving it to the right 75 and continuing straight. After passing by 50 a few more farms, walk towards the main 25 road and cross it on the crosswalk next to 0 30

1

PRAIA DO AMADO

2

3

4

5

6

7

3

4

5

6

7

7,5

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

0 0

1

2

3

Important warnings

4

5

PRAIA DA AMOREIRA

6

7

PRAIA DA AMOREIRA

This route is parcially coincident with the Historical Way. Pay attention to the signs.

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

125 Tips 100 75 50 Cercal do Alentejo has many cafes and 25 restaurants – enjoy them!

0 0

8

PRAIA DO AMADO

2

the restaurant by the road. Continue north DISTANCE (km) for a few meters until youALTITUDE find (m) the first path 140 on the right that leads to the mill. From 120 100 there, you can enjoy a breathtaking pano80 60 rama.

Afterwards, follow the path leading 40 20 down the hill and keep to the right, until 0 1 2 the 3 gate 4 5 a 6traditional 7 8 9 country 10 11,5 you0 reach of TROVISCAIS house, where you will turn sharply toTROVISCAIS the right. Go past two small farmhouses, turn left and continue your walk, enjoying the sight of the village of Cercal in the distance.

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) As 100 you enter the village, join the 2nd section of the Historical Way, returning to the 75 50 starting point through streets and alleys 25 and passing by the mother church.

DISTANCE (km)

40

0

1

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

81

1

2

VILA DO BISPO (SHORT)

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

VILA DO BISPO

5 Mediterranean Ponds Circular Route

This route is home to some of the most emblematic habitats, both in dunes and wetlands, and is representative of the values that led to the creation of a Natural Park and a site of the Rede Natura 2000 on the southwest coast of Portugal. In the spring, you can see almost all the endemic plants of the southwest coast of Portugal, just by traveling this one section of Rota Vicentina!

seeds, spores and underground organs are the forms of life that are resistant to dryness. Temporary ponds are preferred habitats for the reproduction of amphibians, since they do not contain fish or lobsters, the main predators of the eggs and larvae of amphibians. In the temporary ponds of the southwest coast we can find almost all the species of amphibians occurring in Portugal, including an endemic species from the south of the Iberian Peninsula, the Iberian parsley frog, Pelodytes ibericus. It is a tiny frog (usually less than 4 cm long), however, a single female can lay up to 1600 eggs!

In the shrubs you will see and smell aromatic bushes such as thymes, rosemary, lavender, shrubby everlasting or juniper. At the end of February, the orchids announce the official start of the flower season, however some rebel species bloom year-round, like the Lithodora prostrata, with its intense blue flowers. During the day, only the shorttoed snake eagle and an endless variety of birds seem to populate these shrubs, but at night, rabbits, badgers, foxes and Egyptian mongooses come out of their burrows.

Where to start?

Interpretation center (Centro de Interpretação dos Charcos Mediterrânicos do Sudoeste Alentejano): on the road between Brunheiras and Ribeira da Azenha, at the bend that gives access to Malhão beach, following the dirt road on the left.

Temporary Mediterranean ponds are a priority habitat in terms of conservation, because these are environments with a very unique flora and fauna. This is not surprising, as creatures here live only 3 to 6 months in these temporary aquatic environments and live the rest of the year on earth. Many of these species are classified as threatened at European or global level. A common feature to all creatures inhabiting the ponds is their small size. Even the rushes are tiny! But perhaps the most emblematic inhabitants of the ponds are the tiny crustaceans: the fairy shrimp, clam shrimp and tadpole shrimp. These animals complete their life cycle in just 3 months!

During the dry phase, most of these creatures are dormant in the soil in the form of resistant eggs. When the rainy season begins, the eggs hatch, the animals grow, reproduce and prepare again for the dormancy phase. With plants a similar phenomenon occurs, but instead of eggs, the

Porto das Barcas: to the north of Vila Nova de Milfontes, next to the restaurant.

Alturas do Norte

Centro de Interpretação Malhadinhas

Ponta da Galhofa

Pousadas Velhas

Brunheiras

Ponta das Barcas Vila Nova de Milfontes

Praia do Farol

82

Rio Mira

This route, designed by the League for Nature Protection (LPN), within the Life Charcos project, combines a beautiful section of the Fishermen’s Trail together with one of the most remarkable and unique freshwater habitats in Europe, the Mediterranean temporary ponds, providing shelter to rare and endangered species.

Fact sheet 6 km / 12 km

Distance Approximate duration

2h/4h

Accumulated descent

50 m / 200 m Very easy / Average

Difficulty levels

60 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise Recommended season September till June

Description of route

Topographic profiles

You can find additional information about this trail on the panels in the InterpretaALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) tion Center.

After visiting the Interpreta200 190 tion Center area, follow the path towards 180 the coast, passing by an old farm. Shortly 170 160 after, at the fork of the marked path, con150 0 tinue walking straight along the dunes.

On 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 the left, you will see another trail –S. LUÍS option S. LUÍS for a shorter variation of this route. The longer route will continue straight and cross ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) two large dunes until you arrive at a cliff 70 (m) DISTANCE (km) overlooking AngraALTITUDE da Cerva beach.

From 60 300 the cove, impressive lithified dunes can be 270 50 seen. From here to Porto das Barcas, the 240 0 210 path continues south, overlapping with the 1 2 3 4 5 6 180 0 Fisherman’s Trail. After CENTRO passing by a resDE INTERPRETAÇÃO 0 CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO (SHORT) 0 1 2 walk 3 4 5 7 8 road taurant, about 200 m6 along the S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (SHORT) S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS and exit it on the left, heading east along a sandy road until you come close to a few (m) sign DISTANCE (km) notifies villas. Pay attentionALTITUDE to the that 360 you to turn left.

From here, keep walking 330 ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) 300 north. You will pass by the farmhouse Pou250 270 240 200 sadas Velhas and arrive at a junction. Turn 210 150 180 right to return to the starting point. Shortly 0 100 2 6 10 50 0 after the 4junction, the8 trail will turn12,5north, S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS 0 S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (LONG) leading through a forested area, before 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 joining the path where the route started.

CARRASCALINHO CARRASCALINHO

Important warnings ALTITUDE (m) 125

ALTITUDE (m)

60 50 0 0

75 125 50 100

14

6

8

10

12

CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO

8

10

12,5

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

DISTANCE (km)

120 75 0 50 25 0

1

2

3

0 S. TEOTÓNIO 0 2

4

5

6

7

8 8,5 S. TEOTÓNIO

4

6

8

10

12

BORDEIRA (LONG)

13,5

BORDEIRA

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

50 40 30 125 20 100

1

0 CARRAPATEIRA 0 2

15,5

VILA DO BISPO

DISTANCE (km)

6

DISTANCE (km)

12

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

140 100

25 0

10

ALTITUDE (m)

ALTITUDE (m)

0 50

8

6

200 Refreshments along the ALTITUDE way:(m)in Porto das DISTANCE (km) 180 Barcas.

160 125

10 75

6

5

CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (LONG)

After Porto das Barcas, part of12 the route 2 4 6 8 10 13,5 (200 carefull.

(LONG) m) follow along the road. Be BORDEIRA 0 BORDEIRA 4

4

Tips

25 0

2

3

50 360 330 25 300 270 240 0 210 0 2 4 180 0 CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO (LONG) 0 2 4

0 50

0

2

75

25 75

VILA DO BISPO (LONG)

1

CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO (SHORT)

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) This is a route with two variants.

Be alert to signage.

100

DISTANCE (km)

70

83

MALHADAIS

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10,5

CARRAPATEIRA

4

6

8

10

12

14,5 MALHADAIS

6 S. Luís Gardens Circular Route

Description of route

Close to the village you will come across small farms, smallholdings and orchards, separated by laurel hedges, characteristic of S. Luís, which run along many of the paths of this route. Some of the laurels have broken free from the hedges and are now elegant trees. The arbutus bush is another constant presence on this route, both next to the smallholdings and on the path that runs along the cork oak plantations.

Heading to the curch, pass by a washhouse and continue walking straight along a dirt road. About 400 m ahead, at the first crossroads next to a house with stone walls, turn left. Carry straight on, catching a glimpse of life around the village of S. Luís. In less than 1 km, turn left onto a smaller road, surrounded by cork oaks. At the junction ahead, turn left and walk up through a forest of eucalyptus trees.

S. Luís was always a village rich in resources which were exploited by mining activities (in S. Domingos), cork extraction, commerce (from the fluvial harbour of Casa Branca), in the production of wood, the raising of cattle or quarrying. It was S. Luís that provided the agricultural products to the population of Vila Nova de Milfontes, which dedicated itself entirely to fishing.

These days S. Luís is also known for re-establishing an old tradition, building with earth, with some specialists in the technique of adobe, or “taipa” building, living in the village.

The oak plantations will dominate the scenery together with views of the mountains and the village of S. Luís, which is never very far from this short trail. The route will pass between houses and descend to join a wide path next to a fenced vineyard. A little ahead, by a small garden with a windmill, turn right and keep walking between old stone walls. The wider path that you will come across shortly afterwards is once again the Historical Way. Turn left and keep walking until you return to the starting point.

Where to start?

Important warnings

S. Luís: next to the bus stop on the N120 road, which crosses S. Luís.

Route marking: this route is parcially coincident with the Historical Way. Pay attention to the signs.

Tips Refreshments along the way: only in S. Luís village.

Corte Pinheiro S. Domingos

Monte do Silêncio

Combine the Historical Way with the Circular Route: study the map and extend this short walk with the Cercal do Alentejo » S. Luís section of the Historical Way. Along the way take the opportunity to climb up to the serra de S. Domingos mountain (324 m), which adds 4 km to the route (round trip).

S. LUÍS Garatuja Cova da Zorra

84

If you haven’t discovered the pleasure of hiking, don’t have much time, or look for a short, easy, accessible walk, then this Circular Route was created for you. You’ll get to know the gardens and orchards of S. Luís and pass through a magic cork oak forest, always with the Cercal do Alentejo » S. Luís section of the Historical Way close by.

Fact sheet Distance

3.5 km

Approximate duration

1 h 30 m

Accumulated descent

100 m Very easy

Difficulty level

210 m / 150 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise Recommended season September till June

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

190

DISTANCE (km)

200 190

170

180

150

170 160

130

150

0

0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

7

7,5

0

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

ALTITUDE (m)

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

S. LUÍS

S. LUÍS

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

DISTANCE (km)

300 270 240 210 180 0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

TROVISCAIS

11,5

0

TROVISCAIS

ALTITUDE (m)

1

2

3

4

5

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (SHORT)

6

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

100

250

75

200

7

8

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

DISTANCE (km)

150

50

100

25

50 0

0 0

1

2

3

4

5

PRAIA DA AMOREIRA

6

0

7

PRAIA DA AMOREIRA

ALTITUDE (m)

2

4

6

8

10

12

CARRASCALINHO

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

125

125

100

100

75

75

50

50

25

25

0

14

CARRASCALINHO

DISTANCE (km)

0 0

1

2

VILA DO BISPO (SHORT)

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

10

VILA DO BISPO

85

2

VILA DO BISPO (LONG)

4

6

8

10

12

14

15,5

VILA DO BISPO

7 Senhora das Neves Circular Route

Surrounded by hillsides with magnificent cork tree forests, it is in the valleys (Vale de Figueira, Vale Fojo de Baixo and Vale do Poço) that the fertile lands of this route lie. At the summits (Senhora das Neves and Serra da Estrela) rare plants can be found, such as the Centaurea vicentina, endemic to southwestern Portugal. In numerous springs, tanks and wells, the abundant water gives life to the soil of these valleys.

On the well of Vale Figueira, one can read the verses written by the people, showing their gratitude for this fertile land - “May God maintain your purity, in this valley of enchantment, you are a well of richness... “.

sure to take the opportunity to appreciate it along your winter walks. Don’t forget to look for some of the most common birds along the route - the corn bunting, the blackbird, the great spotted woodpecker, the partridge, the cirl bunting, the european robin and the shrike.

It’s said the Virgin Mary once appeared at the top of this hill, so the people built a little chapel at the foot of the hill to worship her.

The story goes that they had been gathering stones to build the chapel, when one day the stones miraculously appeared at the top of the hill. So that is where they ended up building the little chapel. In this sanctuary, probably built during the 18th century, vestiges of ancient defensive walls can be found from a once fortified settlement from the High Middle Ages - Islamic Period. A rectangular tank dug into the rock, with channels for directing water, is quite intriguing. Did the tank relate to the worshipping of water or other religious purpose? Could it have been a small grave? To this day it remains a mystery.

This route is rich in wild plants, which bloom throughout the year. In the winter you can find the hyacinths or the Iberian milk-vetch.

In the spring, lavender, brooms, gum rockrose, sage-leaved rock-rose, purple phlomis and hawthorn flourish. In May comes the sea squill, the oregano, the cardoon, the lady’s glove and the Mediterranean fleabane. The strawberry tree, calamints and Lithodora prostrata are almost always in bloom. The heaths are especially abundant. The white heaths dominate the shrubs when they are in bloom. They include the Portuguese heath (Erica lusitanica), which flowers from December to March, after which the flowers of the tree heath (Erica arborea) appear and bloom until June. Tree heath is rare, so make

Where to start?

Ribeira do Seissal: between Seissal stream and the path ascending to the Chapel of Senhora das Neves, in a parking area with a Rota Vicentina information board and sign plate.

Rib.ª do Seissal de Cima

Monte da Estrada: by the Rota Vicentina board.

Queimado S.ra das Neves

Description of route

Represa Velha

From the starting point, the chapel of Senhora das Neves can be seen; however, the route starts on the right, leading towards the villages of Figueirinha and Monte da Estrada. After walking 1 km, you will see the first and shortest variation of the route on your left. To follow the longer

Tanganhada M.te das Coriscas M.te da Estrada Juncalinho

86

Located near Ribeira do Seissal de Cima, at the top of a hill with a magnificent view, the Hermitage of Nossa Senhora das Neves is a holy place, dear to the local population. The path alternates between fresh valleys and narrow footpaths, traveling through ridges where the hiker’s gaze gets lost in the vast distance.

Fact sheet

2

4

6

8

2 h / 3 h 30 m / 5 h

Average / Average / Hard ALTITUDE (m)

275 250 225 200 175 150 125 0

Max. / Min. Altitude

DISTANCE (km)

277 m / 110 m

Recommended direction counterclockwise 0 1 2 3 season 4 5September 6 7 till8June9 Recommended SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

Topographic profiles ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

30

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

20 280 260 10 240 220 200 0 180 0 0,5 160 0 PORTO COVO 0,5 0

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

PORTO COVO

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (SHORT)

4,5

5

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

120 110 100 280 90 260 240 80 220 200 70 200 0 180 150 160 0 2 4 140 100 0 BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (LONG) 50 0 1 2 3 0 RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (MEDIUM) 0 1 2 3

6

8

10

12

4

5

6

7

8

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

SANTA CLARA

280 250 220 150 190 160 120 130 90 175 100 150 0 60 125 2 4 30 0 100 75 0 RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (LONG) 50 0 2 4 25 0 SABÓIA 0 2 4

13

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS

SANTA CLARA

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

6

8

10

12

13

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

6

8

10

13,5

12

SABÓIA

6

8

10

12

BORDEIRA (LONG)

14

16 17 BORDEIRA

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

100 75 125 50 100 25 75

Tips 0 50

10

12

2 4 along 6 12 14da 15 25 0 Refreshments the8 way:10 in Monte ODECEIXE 0 ODECEIXE Estrada or Ribeira do Seissal , 10 or at km 2.514 0 2 4 6 8 12 in aCARRAPATEIRA rural tourism.

CARRAPATEIRA

13,5

SABÓIA This route has 8three10 options, so be aware 2 4 6 12 14 16 17 of the different markings.

BORDEIRA

BORDEIRA (LONG)

ALTITUDE (m)

Approximate duration

Difficulty levels

Important warnings

75 0 50 0 25 0 SABÓIA 0

5 km / 8 km / 13 km

Accumulated descent 200 m / 350 m / 500 m

route, go straight ahead; and pass by a rural tourism house. After about 600 m, there will be another possibility to shorten the trail on your left. If you continue walking ALTITUDE (m) a well, DISTANCEand (km) arrive straight, you will pass by 275 in Monte da Estrada, where there are two 250 225 cafes for a refreshment. Turn left and exit 200 175 the village by following a path on your right.

150 125 The trail will start descending. Before a 0 0 1 2take3 the4path 5 to the 6 7 8 9 farm, left leading to a SANTIAGO DO CACÉM CACÉM valley and, at the first fork, SANTIAGO turn DO left again.

After passing several houses, the path will (m) DISTANCE (km) become narrower.ALTITUDE Continue straight and, 30 please, make sure to close behind you the ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) gates and fences you will walk through.

20 280 260 When you reach the top of the mountain, 10 240 220 keep going the same direction through the 200 0 180 0 0,5 1 the 1,5 trail 2 will 2,5 lead 3 4 4,5 forest; to3,5a place called 160 PORTO COVO 0 PORTO COVO Serra da Estrela boasting a truly wonderful 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 0 landscape. Take the same RIBEIRA path back for RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (SHORT) DE SEISSAL about 50 m and turn right walking down until you encounter again the intermediate ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) version of this route. Turn right and enter 280 260 ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) m, turn the valley. After approximately 500 240 220 200 left and start walking up, until you cross the 200 180 150 160 ridge. From here descend; you will find the 140 100 0 shortest version of the route on your left.

50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Carry on, continuing to walkRIBEIRA upDEalong the SEISSAL 0 RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (MEDIUM) 1 2 until 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 mark 0 ridge you arrive at7 a geodetic SANTA CLARA SANTA CLARA and the Chapel of Senhora das Neves – this is more than a perfect place for a picnic. (m) descending DISTANCE (km) From here, the pathALTITUDE keeps until 150 the end of the route, passing by a statue ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) 120 made by Liberdade Sobral, a local artisan.

90 175 150 60 125 30 100

Distance

DISTANCE (km)

87

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

8 The Dunes of Almograve Circular Route

This Circular Route allows you to experience one of the most marked dichotomies of the southwest Alentejo – conservation of nature versus intensive farming. Management of this dichotomy is one of the biggest challenges of local and national agents today.

otter. In the innermost section of the route there are several temporary ponds, one of the most unique and protected habitats of the natural park, where European pond turtle is a protected species.

The geomorphology of this stretch of coast, and in particular at Foz dos Ouriços, is notable. Folds, faults, discordances and extensive networks of quartz seams, make these cliffs a geological manual where the history of the last 300 million years of the planet is told live. The flora of the dunes is rich and scented. Rosemary, lavender, crowberry, myrtle, lentiscus, immortelle and camphorated thyme, are just some of the species that are present throughout the route.

There is also an abundance of mammals on the dunes who build their systems of burrows under the dense scrub of the more set back dunes. The most common are the rabbit, the Egyptian mongoose (locally known as escalabardo), the beech marten (also known as papalvo), badger, genet and

Almograve: at the roundabout.

Where to start?

Description of route The trail starts from the Almograve roundabout and follows the tarmac road, passing by the youth hostel Pousada de Juventude, the public washhouse, and then turning onto the first dirt track on the left. When you arrive at the crossroads, keep walking straight (the Fishermen’s Trail will continue along the path on the left). Carry on for 1.5 km and turn left at the second crossroads, entering an area of acacias. Keep walking until the route turns slightly to the right and leading into a pine forest. A little further, walk along a fence, until you re-enter the acacia grove and join a sandy lane. Turn right and carry straight on, you will cross a cement bridge. From here, turn left and continue walking until the end of the cultivated field. Before the abandoned house turn left, crossing a bridge and climbing a sandy track. Here the route overlaps with the Fishermen’s Trail.

Proceed walking along the coast and Brejo Largo beach, passing several small coves leading to Foz dos Ouriços beach, where the Circular Route will separate from the Fishermen’s Trail again. Follow a track that runs to the right and descends to the beach.

Cross the stream and follow the track on the other side of the beach, leading along the coast until reaching the parking area at Almograve beach. Turn left and walk along the boardwalk, returning to the village of Almograve.

Nascedios Praia do Brejo Largo

Ponta do Carreiro Manso Longueira Praia do Grande

Lapa das Pombas

ALMOGRAVE

88

Coinciding with part of the Fishermen’s Trail, it offers an insight on the agricultural side of the region, offering a great coastal walk by the vast sand stretch of the beach of Brejo Largo.

Fact sheet 8.5 km

Distance Approximate duration

3h

Accumulated descent

100 m Average

Difficulty level ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

120

120

110

110

100

100

90

90

80 70

DISTANCE (km)

40 m / 0 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise

80

0

0 0

2

4

6

8

10

Important warnings

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (LONG)

12

13

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (SHORT)

280 250 220 190 160 130 100 0

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS

Topographic profile

Difficulty level: this route has much sand and a river crossing.

ALTITUDE (m)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 September till7 June8 Recommended season

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

40

Route marking: this route is parcially coincident with the Fishermen’s Trail. Pay attention to the signs.

30 20 10 0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

13

0

Crossing the beach of Foz dos Ouriços: the RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL tides and the rainy season have a strong influence on this beach, and the crossing is always different and a challenge. On days ALTITUDE (m) doDISTANCE when the sea is raging, not (km) cross the river, instead follow Fishermen’s Trail till Almograve.

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (LONG)

100 75 50

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

ALMOGRAVE

8

8,5

ALMOGRAVE

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

125 100 75 50

25

Tips

0 0

2

25 0 4

6

8

10

12

14

0

15

Refreshments along the way: only at Almograve.

ODECEIXE

ODECEIXE

Depending on the ALTITUDE sea conditions, you can (m) DISTANCE (km) follow partially the beach of Brejo Largo.

125

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

ODECEIXE

16 ODECEIXE

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

100

100

75

75

50

50

25

25 0

0 0

0,5

VILARINHA

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

0

VILARINHA

1

PRAIA DO AMADO

89

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

PRAIA DO AMADO

9 Troviscais to Mira Circular Route

Troviscais unveils the most authentic side of this magnificent coastal region. The route will enable you to come into contact with the locals, to see some economic activities linked to the land and the river, to get fantastic views over the river Mira and to discover the typical flora and fauna of the Mediterranean at its best, with such diverse habitats, such as undergrowths, cork oak and Portuguese oak forests, marshlands, reed beds, riverbanks and ponds, amongst many others.

On the drier slopes, where the dominant tree is the cork oak, there is an abundance of shrubs of the family Cistaceae, together with rosemary, oleaster or laurel. On the wetter and shadier slopes the dominant tree is the Portuguese oak and on the shrubby stratum white heather and fantastic specimens of arbutus bushes dominate.

Where to start?

Troviscais: by the first cafe on the right.

Take the dirt track in front of you, leaving the cafe in your back.

At the stretch of the route along the river Mira, at Moinho das Moitas, it is worth taking a break in a discreet spot, with binoculars at the ready. Scanning the river, the reeds, the water tanks of the old mill and the rushes, you can observe a great diversity of birds, including some of the rarer migratory passerines such as the bluethroat, the grasshopper warbler, savi’s warbler and spotted or aquatic warblers. In the floodplains and along the river, you may come across the droppings of one of the most fascinating animals of the Southwest, the otter.

Rio Mira

Carrasqueira

Description of route This routes starts by going towards the east. On your right side, there will be a small olive grove. Afterwards, the road ascends slightly; and cork oaks will start to dominate the scenery. At the crossroads, turn right and, about 200 m ahead, turn right once more. After reaching the top of a hill, you will enter a eucalyptus grove and start to descend for about 500 m, turning to your right before reaching a fence. At the next crossroads, turn left. The route will continue along the right side of the fence, with the views over the Mira river and the ever-present Alentejo hills. Afterwards, make a sharp turn of 90º to the right and begin to descend towards the Mira. The trail will lead along a straight, rarely used path through a dense wood with arbutus bushes almost as big as trees and other local species.

Zambujeira

TROVISCAIS

After reaching the river, you will pass by an oyster farm and a house on your left side. Carry straight on, with water tanks on your right side and the Mira River on the left. The straight path that begins further ahead between two ruins, leads so close along the river that it is impossible to continue without stopping and enjoying the

Sol Posto

Vale Palhete

90

This is an ideal route for lovers of birdwatching. The dense woods of cork oaks, eucalyptus and arbutus trees bring the hiker to meet the calm waters of river Mira, on a perfect hike to experience in just half a day the essence of the Historical Way of Rota Vicentina.

ALTITUDE (m)

Fact sheet 11.5 km

Distance Approximate duration

4h

Accumulated descent

250 m Average

Difficulty level

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

120

190

110

170

100

surrounding beauty. At the end of the track next to the river, walk through a eucalyptus.

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The track will continue along the river for BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (SHORT) BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS about 1.7 km curving in and out and surprising with dazzling views of the Mira, until it starts descending to the floodplain via an old footpath, restored when the route was ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) marked. At the floodplain, herds of cattle 40 can often be observed. From here, turn left 30 and continue walking towards the dyke.

20 10 Afterwards, turn right, walking parallel to 0 the river again until5 you6 arrive at8 a8,5wider 0 1 2 3 4 7 road. Turn right, and at the forkALMOGRAVE next to a ALMOGRAVE ruin, start ascending along the track on your left. You will pass by two houses and about 20 minutes later, another one. Here, ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE you will need to turn right.

The (km) village of 125 Troviscais is not far.

150

90

130

80

0

DISTANCE (km)

120 m / 0 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

clockwise

Recommended direction

1 2 3 4 September 5 6 till June 7 7,5 Recommended season

0

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

TROVISCAIS

11,5 TROVISCAIS

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

100

100

75

75

Tips

50 25 0 0

50 25 0

Refreshments along the way: only in ODECEIXE Troviscais village.

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0

ODECEIXE

ALTITUDE (m)

1

2

3

4

5

PRAIA DA AMOREIRA

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

100

125

75

100

6

7

PRAIA DA AMOREIRA

DISTANCE (km)

75

50

50

25

25

0

0 0

1

PRAIA DO AMADO

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

8

PRAIA DO AMADO

1

2

VILA DO BISPO (SHORT)

91

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

VILA DO BISPO

10 S. Martinho das Amoreiras Circular Route

Currently S. Martinho das Amoreiras has just over 1000 inhabitants, who work mainly in forestry, farming and livestock raising.

There are some high quality, hand crafted goods that are produced in this small village, like honey, the medronho spirit and olive oil. Many even say that the traditional bread of S. Martinho is the best in Alentejo.

the community that lived here 2500 years ago (1st Iron Age). Near the eleven tombs of the necropolis were epigraphic steles, or stone slabs with inscriptions, on the southwest script. This was the first form of alphabetic writing on the Iberian Peninsula. Three population centers, Amoreiras, S. Martinho and Conqueiros, fought for centuries over the seat of the parish, but it was S. Martinho das Amoreiras who won the dispute, with the main church being built there on the 18th century, under the auspices of the Order of Santiago de Espada, and inspired by the baroque, rococo and neoclassical styles.

In the transition from the village to the countryside, small vegetable gardens and orchards are flanked by old stonewalls and streams shaped by ancient stone ditches. In the backwaters, the salamanders and newts reproduce. Birds such as jays, azure-winged magpies, carrion crows, cuckoos, woodpeckers, warblers, european stonechats, bee-eaters, partridges and chaffinches, abound in the hedges of laurel, quince, willow and fig. Ancestral trees such as pines, cork oaks, cedars and eucalyptus are also present, and are the perfect place for the nest of a very special bird of prey: the Bonelli’s eagle. With luck, you may spot it on the route, the most likely place being by the mill.

The traces of wild boar are also ubiquitous along this special trail.

Where to start?

S. Martinho das Amoreiras: in the parking lot next to the parish council Junta de Freguesia.

Description of route Walk up to the churchyard and turn right, then head north and walk through the neighborhood next to the daycare center.

Continue walking straight until you leave the village – there will be a spring on the right side of the road (on your left side you will see the path to return). From here, the trail goes along the main road for 300 m and then turns right leading into a eucalyptus forest. You will have to go through it and pass by an old farm surrounded by

Especially abundant on this route is the green-lavender, rarer than the purple-flow ered lavender. The spring brings out the calamints, gum rockrose, shrubby everlasting (curry plant), as well as medicinal plants such as Pterospartum tridentatum, Lithodora prostrata, lady’s glove and Algerian tea. Other plants that provide great color to the fields are the dwarf furze (endemic to the southwestern Iberian Peninsula), johnny jump, sage-leaved rock-rose, purple phlomis, Aristolochia paucinervis, sea squill, hyacinth, Anarrhinum bellidifolium and the small lilies. This territory has been inhabited since prehistoric times, which can be seen in the archaeological site, the Pardieiro Necropolis, 7 km southwest of S. Martinho das Amoreiras.

This site reveals several characteristics of

Amoreiras-Gare

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

Conqueiros Atalaia V.e de Brique M.te do Telheiro

92

This route is the most inland of Rota Vicentina and where its highest peak can be found, in Moinho da Serra. You will hike through the picturesque village of S. Martinho das Amoreiras, over valleys where fresh springs provide water throughout the year, soft wavy ALTITUDE fields home (m) are DISTANCE (km) to the slowly grazing cattle, and forest filled hillsides offer breathtaking landscapes.

190 170 150 130

Fact sheet 8 km / 12.5 km

Distance Approximate duration

3h /5h

Accumulated descent

250 m / 450 m Easy / Average

Difficulty level

ALTITUDE (m) 200 190

DISTANCE (km)

353 m / 190 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

180 170 160

clockwise

Recommended direction

150

0

0

1 2 panorama, 3 4 before 5 6 7 another 7,5 beautiful entering DO ALENTEJO eucalyptus forest. Be carefulCERCAL not to miss a small trail on the right; follow it and continue ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCEyou (km) walking through the valley until reach 200 the village of Conqueiros. Walk through the ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) 190 village and cross the road; then, head south 180 140 170 120 for about 1.4 km. At the end of the valley, you 160 100 150 80 will arrive at an asphalt road. Shortly after 60 0 40 0 0,5 1 a place 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 right reaching called Maravilha, turn 20 S. LUÍS 0 S. LUÍS to exit the asphalt road. Afterwards, when a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11,5 0 road turns to the right, take a path on your TROVISCAIS TROVISCAIS left and, near the ruins, turn right. Continue walking straight until you come across an ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) agricultural path. You will see a mill next to 300 ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCEsceneries. (km) 270 it along with some impressive 240 100 Start descending the hill, you will arrive 210 75 at the intersection, where you can decide 180 50 0 to1 go straight ahead in the short route to 25 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 reach S. Martinho in 1.5 km, or turn left, S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS 0 S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (SHORT) 0 1 2 3 walking 4 5 6 follow 7 and continue down to the PRAIA DA AMOREIRA PRAIA DA AMOREIRA long route for another 5.5 km.

When you arrive at the bottom, cross the main road (m) a valley DISTANCE (km) and head for a trailALTITUDE along that goes 250 up to the summit, with a picturesque landALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) 200 scape on both sides. A little after arriving 150 125 100 at the highest point of the trail, descend 50 75 into the valley by turning left. At the bot0 50 2 4 6 and8 continue 10 12 25 0 tom, turn right on for14about CARRASCALINHO 0 CARRASCALINHO 200 m, before you turn to the left and start 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ascent towards the windmillVILAMoinho da VILA DOthe BISPO (SHORT) DO BISPO Serra, passing by an old farm. Once at the windmill, go back aALTITUDE little,(m)andDISTANCE then(km)continue walking straight for 300 m. Before a house, 125 100 turn to the right – you will shortly arrive at a 75 larger path. Follow this path for about 400 50 25 m, and when it turns to the right, turn left 0 for2 more 300 m –8 you10will arrive at 15,5 a junc0 4 6 12 14 Here, take the road that descends to VILA DOtion.

BISPO (LONG) VILA DO BISPO

0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 June 3,5 September till Recommended season

0

0

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

S. LUÍS

S. LUÍS

Topographic profiles ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

70

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

60 300 270 50 240 0 210 180 0

1

2

3

0 CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO (SHORT) 0 1 2 3

4

5

6

CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO

4

5

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (SHORT)

6

7

8

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

360 330 300 250 270

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

240 200 210 150 180 0 100 50 0 0

2

4

6

8

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (LONG)

0

2

4

10

12,5

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

6

8

10

12

14

CARRASCALINHO theCARRASCALINHO right, leading to S. Martinho. You will return to the same place where you initially ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) left the village.

125

Important warnings 75 125 100

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

50 100

This course has two options, be aware of 0 50 2 4 6 8 10 12 13,5 25 0 markings the for each one.

25 75

0 BORDEIRA (LONG) 0 2

Tips

VILA DO BISPO (LONG)

BORDEIRA

4

6

8

10

12

14

15,5

VILA DO BISPO

Do not forget to visit the bakery,DISTANCE famous ALTITUDE (m) (km) for 125 its wood-fired bread, where the wood 100 comes from the gum rockrose bushes.

75 50

Moreover, take the opportunity to enjoy 25 0 the “alcôncoras” - the famous sweets from 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14,5 S. Martinho das Amoreiras!

MALHADAIS MALHADAIS 93

11 S. Teotónio’s Heathlands Circular Route

The streets with modest houses, with its traditional commerce, give way to vegetable gardens and meadows. With extensive pastures where cattle graze slowly, forests of cork trees, strawberry trees and pines, this land gives much to the local inhabitants.

From these forests cork, wood, firewood, pinecones, acorns, mushrooms, and wild asparagus are extracted, among many other generous gifts from nature.

the wild boar has been looking for bulbs and small animals. The adult male boar is usually solitary, joining the female only in the breeding season. However, sometimes the boar allows a young male to join him, using it as a batter.

The route crosses the ravine of Água de Peixe, with its gallery of willow and Portuguese oak. As you cross this water line, keep an eye out for the river otter’s feces and footprints. This elusive creature fishes in the calm of the twilight. Its feces are easy to identify by the presence of fish bones and carapace of crayfish, left in places visible in order to mark its territory.

Of all of them, the strawberry tree stands out. The harvest of its fruit begins in autumn, when the branches of the tree are full, and goes on until December. The harvest is a group activity, in which families and neighbors come together very early to pick the ripe fruits that guarantee the quality of the aguardente (a clear brandy) produced, leaving them in barrels to ferment. In the month of December, the distiller immerses in the art of fermentation, which has something of magic about it, as well as of science. It is a creative process, requiring the intuition and sensitivity of the distiller, but also an important accuracy of the process. The transformation of the fermented fruit mass into the medronho aguardente is a complex process that has passed from generation to generation.

S.Teotónio nã drome (S. Teotónio does not sleep) is a common expression of the region, originating in the fact that Friar Teotonius spent the night before the Battle of Ourique praying for the victory of King Afonso Henriques. The expression is now used to emphasize the tough character of the people of S. Teotónio, who are capable of overcoming the greatest adversities, but also

Estibeira

Along the side of the road, enjoy the flowering plants that grow throughout the year – strawberry tree, lavender, shrubby everlasting, heathers, brooms and wild orchids.

Some of these wild plants are popularly used for healing, as is the case with the centaury, which is known to quickly end a hangover. In the open fields, spot the birds of prey on the hunt, or listen to the pipits, larks and zitting cisticola singing. On mud or dirt roads, look for the footprints of foxes, genets, badgers and Egyptian mongoose.

In wetlands, where rushes predominate, lives the only protected European rodent, cabrera’s vole. In the shrubs, where the ground is revolved, that is a sure sign that

Serro da Bica

S. TEOTÓNIO Pedreneiras Casa Nova da Cruz Pegões do Meio V.e do Fecho

V.e Juncal

94

Marouços

S. Teotónio is the last Alentejo town before the Algarve, a small center of pulsating economic life, between the mountain range and the sea. Starting in the famous Quintalão, the town’s yard, this trail leads us along the stream, by narrow paths, into the heathlands rich with mediterranean wildlife.

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km)

Fact sheet

75 50

their party side, which can be witnessed in the biannual celebration of the masts, an 0 1 3 4 5 preparation, 6 event that2requires a dedicated CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO (SHORT) CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO including many nights covering the village with colorful paper flowers.

Where to start? ALTITUDE (m) 360 330 300 270 240 210 180 0

25 0

0

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (LONG)

Accumulated descent

200 m Easy DISTANCE (km)

180 m / 130 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise 0 2 4 season 6 8 10 September till June12 Recommended CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO (LONG)

CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO

Topographic profile

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

200

S. Teotónio: in the largo Gomes Freire, called Quintalão, the church’s square.

Description of6 route 2 4 8

3h

ALTITUDE (m)

60

0

Approximate duration

Difficulty level

70

50

8.5 km

Distance

180 160 140 120 0

10

0

12,5

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

S. TEOTÓNIO

Start by following the Historical Way in the direction of Odeceixe. Near the cemetery, enter the valley, still following the HistoriALTITUDE (km)red and cal Way and looking for(m)theDISTANCE white, 125 yellow signs. Continue walking for about 100 1.5 km, and be careful – the markings here 75 50 can be discreet and not easy to notice. A 25 little further on, you will arrive at a plateau 0 0 2 a wider 4 6 8 10 Circular 12 13,5 and road.

Here, the Route BORDEIRA (LONG) BORDEIRA separates from the Historical Way. Turn left and follow only the yellow and red signs, crossing a valley. At the exit of the valley, next to an old farm,ALTITUDE turn (m) to the left. The path DISTANCE (km) will descend the valley again and lead to 125 100 the S. Teotónio stream, which you will have 75 to cross. On the other side, turn right and 50 continue walking for about 300 m. Cross 25 0 the stream again and 10ascend along the 0 2 4 6 8 12 14,5 other bank, passing by a farm. About MALHADAIS MALHADAIS 250 m after the farm, take a path to the left and cross a moorland, making sure to always follow the signs. The trail will continue for a while along a narrow path. When you find a path next to the road, turn sharply left.

After passing by a fence, follow the same path leading right and keep going straight until you reach S. Teotónio. The return path

8 8,5 S. TEOTÓNIO

to the village overlaps with the Historical Way’s section Odemira » S. Teotónio.

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

50 Important warnings 40 30

20 Pay attention to the white, red and yellow 10 marks on the Circular Routes, when these 0 0 1 with 2 3 4 5 6 Way; 7 8 9 10,5 overlap the Historical the yellow andCARRAPATEIRA red marks are for Circular RoutesCARRAPATEIRA only.

Tips ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

Enjoy the terraces of Quintalão and pay a 75 visit to the main church.

50 25 0 0

1

BORDEIRA (SHORT)

95

2

3

4

5

6 BORDEIRA

12 Discovering Totenique Circular Route

then taken to revitalize the campaniça culture, and it is now possible to hear this instrument in certain places throughout Odemira county, particularly in Sabóia.

As legend goes, the origin of the name Sabóia came from the settlers from the alpine landscape of Sabóia, who arrived in the early medieval times. The popular narrative says that a sabóian merchant, cleric or potentially even fugitive (depending on the version of the story) set up an inn by the road, most likely the one that came from Garvão to the Algarve, called the estrada de Sabóia (road of Sabóia). This version is cited by the old charter of Odemira.

Arriving in Totenique, you will find a stream of clear waters and leafy riparian vegetation.

This place, where there were two fountains with flowing water, was once quite populated. It used to have a primary school, which eventually closed doors in 1983 during the time when almost the entire population left the valley in search of better living conditions. Recently, however, some of the old houses have been reoccupied by foreigners in search of peace and quiet.

The church of Our Lady of the Assumption in Sabóia is home to some interesting artistic work, like a canvas in oil on wood of Saint Anne and the Virgin, as well as another of Saint Joachim of the Flemish School (beginning of Century XVII).

The railway station, halfway between Sabóia and Santa Clara-a-Velha, is a typical building from the Portuguese corporatist state (Estado Novo) period, showing elements of this style including the clock, the scale and the tile panels. Between Santa Clara-a-Velha and Sabóia, the hiker’s attention will be drawn to the admirable outline of the landscape, the richness of the flora and the unexpected encounters with flocks of partridges, goldfinches among other birds.

These are the lands of the viola campaniça, a musical instrument typical of the lower Alentejo and the largest of the Portuguese guitars, rich in the quality of its sound. With 10 strings, it has the shape of a pronounced eight, with a rosette made out of woods of different colors representing the Alentejo sun. While the origin of this instrument is uncertain, it is known that it was played from time immemorial in dances, folias or as its most celebrated use, to accompany cantares à desgarrada, or cantes a despique (typical Portuguese singing). In the 60’s, this guitar was considered quite rare and close to cultural extinction. Measures were

Where to start?

Sabóia: at the entrance of the village, next to the small garden.

Totenique

Santa Clara-a-Velha

Rio Mira

SABÓIA Bom Sítio Viradouro

96

Barragem de S.ta Clara

275 250 225 200 175 150 125 0 0

(m) DISTANCE (km) Leaving Sabóia,ALTITUDE meander through valleys intersected by the Mira River and the stream of Totenique. Arriving at the top of the mountain beside a ruined 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 mill, the view of the village of Santa Clara-a-Velha awaits. In villages like this, traditional ways of life are still very much evident, ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) and can be enjoyed by curious walkers looking to understand this leisurely way of Portuguese life.

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

280 260 240 220 200 180 160 0 0

0,5

1

30 20

1,5

2

2,5

3

Description of route

3,5

4

4,5

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

13.5 km

Distance

10 0

Approximate duration 0

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (SHORT)

Fact sheet

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

PORTO COVO

Average ALTITUDE (m)

5

4,5

400 m

Difficulty level

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

4

PORTO COVO

Accumulated descent

280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 0

4 h 30 m

DISTANCE (km)

155 m / 40 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 September till7 June8 Recommended season RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (MEDIUM)

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

Topographic profile

Start by walking along the main street.

Before reaching the church,DISTANCE turn(km) right and ALTITUDE (m) exit the village walking towards the cem200 etery. Here the trail will overlap with the 150 Historical Way, leading to Odemira. Turn 100 50 left and keep walking along the valley until 0 you cross the bridge over the Mira river.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Turn left and continue, alwaysSANTA remaining SANTA CLARA CLARA on the same side of the river. After 1.5 km, turn right towards the valley (the Historical Way will continue along the Mira river).

ALTITUDE (m) will DISTANCE (km) a small After another 1.5 km, you see 175 bridge that leads to a cluster of abandoned 150 125 houses. This is Totenique. Do not cross this 100 75 bridge. Go up slightly and then, at the fork, 50 25 go left along the valley. On the other side, 0 0 2 4 see 6 an old 8 10 12 14 school.

16 17 A lityou will elementary BORDEIRA (LONG) tle further on, leave the path and BORDEIRA turn right.

Walk up through a forest of cork oaks and strawberry trees until arriving at the top of a hill, overlooking a plantation of eucalyptus trees. Continue walking east along a forest path towards a windmill ruin. From here, you can see the village of Santa Clara-aVelha and Serra de Monchique. From the windmill, start descending until you reach Santa Clara-a-Velha. Pass by the church and cross the river (please, note that from the bridge, starts another Circular Route From Santa Clara to the Lake). Turn right, go under another bridge and start ascending towards a water tank. Then, follow a path that will descend directly into the valley.

Halfway down the slope, turn left and follow the path to Santa Clara-Sabóia train station.

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

150 120 90 60 30 0 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

SABÓIA

13,5 SABÓIA

Be careful, when crossing the railway line! (m) DISTANCE (km) On the other side, cross aALTITUDE stream, turn right 125 and follow the main road leading back to 100 the 75 cemetery of Sabóia, where you will find 50 the beginning of the route.

25 0

0 2 4 6 Important warnings CARRAPATEIRA

8

10

12

14

CARRAPATEIRA

Beware! Before the train station, you have to walk for 300 m on the road. Walk cautiously and in the opposite direction of traffic.

There are other routes in this area. Moreover, part of this route is coincident with the Historical Way. Pay attention to the signage.

Tips Refreshments along the way: villages of Santa Clara-a-Velha and Sabóia.

You can combine this Route with the From Santa Clara to the Lake.

97

13 From Santa Clara to the Lake Circular Route

The route between Santa Clara-a-Velha and the dam is dominated by the dam and the stream that is named after the Mira river. The Santa Clara Dam was designed to benefit about 12,000 hectares of land, although it also is used for public consumption. Built by the Portuguese corporatist state (Estado Novo), the dam is one of the largest in Europe.

should also make a stop at the Azinhal fountain, originally from 1892 and restored in 1995. It is a great place for picnics and the has fresh drinking water.

The church of Santa Clara de Assis dates back to the first half of the 16th century (although the gilt altars are from the 18th century). It is a Manueline religious building, baroque, vernacular, and typical of the Order of Santiago de Espada to which this building belonged.

The route along the river, downstream from the dam, includes riparian vegetation, acacia, shameplant, poplar, ash, willow, rushes and cattails. Watercress and pennyroyal, plants used in local cuisine, adorn the shallow sections of the river outside the flood season. The deepest backwaters are covered with water lilies. In the most fertile lands by the river, there are vegetable gardens and orchards of orange, fig and olive trees. This route is full of good habitats for the feeding and nesting of birds, particularly the azure-winged magpie (locally called charneco).

A few hundred meters after leaving the village you will find the bridge D. Maria, completed around 1822. This bridge is located on an old Roman road that connected Arandis (Garvão) to Ossónoba (Faro) to Pax Julia (Beja), which is why it is also known as Roman bridge. Although not of this period, it would have been built on the site that contained another older structure, which was most likely Roman. The D. Maria bridge was closed to the traffic of vehicles at the end of the 14th century.

The village of Santa Clara-a-Velha deserves a visit along your journey. It is almost obligatory to buy the unique local products, like the excellent local honey and the medronho brandy. At the entrance of the village, you

Where to start?

Santa Clara-a-Velha: at the entrance of the village, next to the tourism office.

SANTA CLARAA-VELHA Cruz do Norte

Tisnadinha

Rio Mira

Sabóia Bom Sítio Viradouro

98

Barragem de S.ta Clara

In the quiet village of Santa Clara-a-Velha, one can sense the purity of lifestyle of the Alentejo mystic. The dam in this region is named after the village, the great lake of the immense mountain range of the Odemira county. The stunning natural presence of water and the unobstructed views over mountainous Alentejo is a perfect tour for the whole family.

275 250 225 200 175 150 125 0

Fact sheet

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

10 km

Distance Approximate duration 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

8

Easy

Difficulty level ALTITUDE (m)

Description of route

DISTANCE (km)

210 m / 50 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise 0,5 1 1,5 season 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 till4,5 0 September June5 Recommended RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (SHORT)

Start by walking past the church and then, turn right towards the Mira river. Before arriving at the river, turn left (here the trail will separate from another Circular Route Discovering Totenique) and continue walking along the street called avenida Engenheiro Amaro da Costa. At the exit of the village, stay on the same bank of the river. The trail will lead into a valley, passing through beautiful agricultural fields. After a short climb, descend again – you will see the walls of the Santa Clara dam. Turn right and go up towards the dam, which you will have to cross. Spend some time at the riverside beach nearby. Then, follow a trail leading along the edge of the dam for about 1.5 km. From here, the path turns away from the bank and goes up through a eucalyptus forest. Arriving at the top, cross the intersection, and continue walking in the same direction, ascending once more.

From the top, you will be able to enjoy a vast view over the village of Santa Claraa-Velha and see Serra de Monchique in the distance. Descend towards Santa Clara.

While the trail markings here are less common, the route itself is obvious. After passing the guesthouse, turn right and follow a small trail that leads to a beautiful cobbled fountain, before returning to the village once more.

9

200 m

Accumulated descent

280 260 240 220 200 180 160 0

3h

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

200 150 100 50 0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

SANTA CLARA

8

9

10

SANTA CLARA

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

175 beginning and end of the section, in order 150 125 to protect the interests of the landlord. The 100 75 path is linear and clear to follow.

50 25 0

0 2 other 4 6 8in the 10 area.

12 Take 14 16 17 There are routes note BORDEIRA (LONG) BORDEIRA of the signage.

Tips Refreshments along the way: in the village of Santa Clara-a-Velha there is an ideal grocery store to stock up before the hike.

You can combine this route with Discovering Totenique.

Important warnings

Take a refreshing swim in the riverside beach of the Santa Clara dam or up a bit further ahead, before the trail gets away from the dam.

Halfway down the dam to Santa Clara (over 1.3 km), the route has only one mark at the

Have a picnic lunch by the spring at the end of the route, before returning to the village.

99

14 Odeceixe to the Sea Circular Route

The mouth of the Seixe stream is a delight to look at. The sweet flow of water from Monchique, after refreshing gardens and floodplains, spills in abundance in the ocean. In its final section, it leaves sediments on the banks, creating labyrinthine wetlands that are essential habitats for the fauna. Grey herons and great egrets have a regular presence, as well as shorebirds. The latter are frequent on the beach: dunlins, ruddy turnstones, and plovers run restlessly by the foam of the waves, devouring hastily all the small animals brought by the sea.

europaea), linnets (Carduelis canabina), European crested tit (Lophophanes cristatus) and the cirl bunting (Embriza cirlus).

Hidden in the woods, the birds of prey go out to hunt in the open fields. This is the case of the short-toed snake eagle (Circaetus gallicus) or the black-winged kite (Elanus caeruleus).

The vegetation, discreetly, does us the great favor of protecting the dunes from the attack of the wind. Without these aromatic, cushion-shaped shrubs to withstand the wind, the dunes would disappear. The sand that makes them would be taken to the agricultural fields, houses and roads by the wind that blows from the sea to earth.

It is also worth to appreciate the forms that the erosion of the sea digs in the rocks of the cliffs. These ancient rocks were bent and broken by the formation of ancient mountain ranges. Now the sea and the small streams scuttle them, adding new shapes, equally spectacular.

Description of route

Where to start?

Odeceixe: at the begining of rua do Rio street.

Leave the main street and walk along rua da Praia street. After going through meadows along a dirt road, the route will join an asphalt road towards Odeceixe beach.

Here you can have a coffee and enjoy the view – considered one of the Wonders of Portugal. Continue walking in the boardwalk and after along a road until you reach a large parking lot. Then, follow the path to the right, always in the south direction.

From here onwards, the trail will continue along the coast, offering opportunities to appreciate cliffs and breathtaking views.

In the clumps of this Circular Route, it is easy to find some very rare and endemic plants of the southwest of Portugal, such as Adenocarpus anisochilus (bush of beautiful yellow flowers), Euphorbia transtagana (very discrete plant with a milky seva that is toxic) and Centaurea vicentina (with showy purple flowers in spring).

ODECEIXE Praia de Odeceixe S. Miguel

Vizigueira Malhadais

Barranco

As to the birdlife, it is worth mentioning the tawny and meadow pipits (Anthus campestris and Anthus pratensis), carrion crow (Corvus corone), zitting cisticola (Cisticola juncidis), shrikes (Lanius), woodpecker (Dendrocopus major), corn-bunting (Emberiza calandra), Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta

Baía dos Tiros Maria Vinagre

100

30 20 10 0 0

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) This Circular Route allows you to combine a beautiful stretch of the Fishermen’s Trail with the richness of the Seixe stream floodplain, the rural life2 of 2,5 the inhabitants of 0,5 1 1,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 the plains of Maria Vinagre and the best views of Odeceixe from the washhouse and the mill.

PORTO COVO

120 100 90 80 70 0

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

15 km

Distance Approximate duration 0

PORTO COVO

ALTITUDE (m)

Fact sheet

110

2

4

6

8

10

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (LONG)

4 h 30 m 12

200 m

Accumulated descent

Easy

Difficulty level

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 0

280 250 220 190 160 130 100 0

After crossing two footbridges, you will 1 2the deep 3 4ravine 5 7 8 0 reach of6 Maria Vinagre.

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (MEDIUM) DE SEISSAL Here, the trail leads inland RIBEIRA along a small road. Walk for approximately 1 km; and at a fork, turn right, crossing the ravine of Maria Vinagre. When you DISTANCE reach(km)another ALTITUDE (m) fork, turn left, leaving the Fishermen’s Trail 150 120 that will continue right, leading to Rogil.

90 Walk towards Maria Vinagre. Shortly before 60 entering this village, leave the road by turn30 0 ing2 left. 4Pass 6by a washhouse and keep 0 8 10 13,5 12 following the path along the canal.

After SABÓIA SABÓIA 400 m, the trail turns to the right, crossing a small road. After 500 m, turn left next to the houses. From here, the trail continues ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km)gardens straight, leading through vegetable 125 and forests until the hamlets of Chabouco 100 and Malhadais. From here, you will begin 75 50 the descent towards Odeceixe. Enjoy the 25 magnificent views, especially, on the left 0 0 2 after 4 passing 6 10 12 side by8 the cafe next to14a pubCARRAPATEIRA CARRAPATEIRA lic washhouse (view over Vale do Seixe) and next to the mill of Odeceixe (view over the village).

13

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS

DISTANCE (km)

110 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise 2 4 6 8 10 12 13 0 September till June Recommended season RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (LONG)

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

100 75 50 25 0 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

ODECEIXE

14

15

ODECEIXE

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

125 100 75 50 25 0 0

0,5

VILARINHA

Important warnings Between the village of Odeceixe and the beach, part of the route follows along the road. Walk with caution.

There are other routes in this area. Pay attention to the signage.

Tips Refreshments along the way: at km 3, at the Odeceixe beach or at km 10 in Maria Vinagre.

101

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

VILARINHA

15 Odeceixe to the River Circular Route

The Seixe stream begins in the mountains of Monchique, flows down and finally reaches the Odeceixe beach. It is an important ecological link between the mountains and the coast.

one of the rarest arboreal habitats in all of Portugal, home to pungent animals, and small woods of black alder (Alnus glutinosa), which occupy the land next to the river, coated with ivy and surrounded by common dog-violets and royal fern.

There are some rare species of fish that can be found in this area like the ray-finned fish (Squalius aradensis), classified as Critically Endangered and the gypsy barbel (Luciobarbus sclateri), an endemic species of the southern Iberian Peninsula with a status of Endangered. These species need moderately deep, clear running water with stones and vegetation on the banks of the river.

Between the loss of this specific habitat and the introduction of invasive species, the quantity of this rare fish species has diminished. In these rivers, different invasive species of fish have been identified, for example, the pumpkinseed fish (Lepomis gibbosus) and the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Other characteristic animals of the Seixe stream are the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), the Iberian emerald lizard (Lacerta schreiberi), different kinds of bats, and dozens of bird species. In the river and the small farming dams, you can still find two species of turtles: the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) and the Spanish pond turtle (Mauremys leprosa).

The route also travels along areas of forests of maritime pine, eucalyptus, cork trees and Portuguese oak. In the magnificent Mediterranean brush abounds the wild-olive, Mediterranean buckthorn, sageleaved rock-rose, fennel, wild asparagus, calamints, laurustinus, strawberry trees, Cynara algarbiensis, lavender, gall oak, common heather, Portuguese heath, gum rockrose, Genista hirsuta, poplar-leaved cistus, broom, butcher’s-broom, wild carrot, and the mastic tree. You can also find birds like pipits, swallows, wagtails, larks, corn buntings, bee-eaters, black redstarts, common linnets, European goldfinches, and Eurasian stone-curlews. When night falls, the bats start their feasting on insects and the owls search silently for their prey in open areas. In the valley of Seixe stream, you can find traces of prehistoric human remains from the time of the Roman and Arabic occupation.

ODECEIXE

The riparian galleries of the Seixe river contain willows, ashes, alders, and Portuguese oaks (Quercus faginea). Sometimes you can spot two relic species of the flora of Monchique: mirbeck’s oak (Quercus canarensis), an occidental Mediterranean oak which retains its leaves all year long and is one of the rarest species of trees in Portugal; and the pontic rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum), a rare bush endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and the region of the Black Sea with high scientific interest for being considered a relic of flora of the tertiary period (Laurissilva). This route also boasts

Praia de Odeceixe S. Miguel Malhadais

Porto de Pedras M.te do Carriço

Maria Vinagre Zambujeira de Baixo

102

300 270 240 210 180 0 0

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km)the Part of this route goes along Seixe stream with its clear waters and riparian galleries, which are hotspots for wildlife. The fresh, cool stream contrasts with7 the8 1 2 3 4 5 6 dramatic view over the Seixe valley and S. Miguel, which presents ALTITUDE (m) the DISTANCE (km) to us the final part of route.

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (SHORT)

360 330 300 270 240 210 180 0

100 250 90 200 80 150 70

DISTANCE (km)

90 100

50 0

Where to start?

2

4

6

80 75 0 50 8

0 BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (LONG) 0 2 4

10

12

13

8 10 field.

12 Malhadais: by6 the football

6

8

10

12,5

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

300 m / 400 m ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

Average

130 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise 1

2

3

4

5

6

0 BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (SHORT) 0 2 4

7

8

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS

6 8 10 13,5 September till12June Recommended season

14

CARRASCALINHO

BORDEIRA (LONG)

Odeceixe: at the beginning of rua do Rio ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) street.

280 250 220 125 190 160 100 130 75 100

4

Difficulty level

25 0

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS

CARRASCALINHO

2

110 100 125

0 100

Approximate duration 4 h 30 m / 5 h 30 m Accumulated descent

120

DISTANCE (km)

14.5 km / 16 km

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (LONG)

120

ALTITUDE (m)

ALTITUDE (m)

Distance

0

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

110

Fact sheet

BORDEIRA

Topographic profiles ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

40

ALTITUDE (m)

Description of route

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

30 125 20 100 10 75

Starting in Malhadais, using the shorter 2 4 6 8 route, head south along a10path 12 that13 overDE SEISSAL (LONG) RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL 0 RIBEIRAlaps with the Historical Way. Be careful, 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 15,5 when crossing the national road.

AfterVILA DO BISPO (LONG) VILA DO BISPO wards, keep going straight, passing by several houses and farms.

AfterDISTANCE approximately ALTITUDE (m) (km) 3 km, the trail will turn left, leading into a 100 pine forest. Once the trail separates from 75 the Historical Way, continue walking right 50 25 in the direction of Rogil – stay on the trail 0 that follows the yellow and12red markings.

0 2 4 6 8 10 14 15 After 500 m, cross the road andODECEIXE continue ODECEIXE walking straight for 1 km. Upon reaching a fork, take a path to the right, which zigzags towards the valley. Continue walking along ALTITUDEyou (m) DISTANCE (km) a gravel pathway until arrive at a large 125 farm and a small asphalt road.

Follow this 100 road for about 400 m walking up. When the 75 50 asphalt road makes a turn, continue walk25 ing straight along a dirt road. After passing 0 0 5 cork 0,5 1 agricultural 1,5 2 2,5 fields 3 3,5 4,5 some and a4 forest of VILARINHA oaks, turn right at the fork. FromVILARINHA there on, you will see several houses. Keep walking along the valley of the Seixe stream. When you can see the village of S. Miguel, the trail once more joins the Historical way, coming from the village of S. Teotónio. Follow the two overlapping routes for about 600 m, and then cross a meadow. As the Historical Way goes straight, you will turn left, ascending along a forest path. Once you 0 50

0 50

25 0

25 0

1

2

0 ALMOGRAVE 0 2

3

4

5

DISTANCE (km)

6

7

10

12

8

8,5

ALMOGRAVE

4

6

8

14,5

MALHADAIS

MALHADAIS

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

125 100 75 50 25 0 0

2

4

6

8

ODECEIXE

10

12

14

16 ODECEIXE

reach the top of a hill, take a deep breath and enjoy the incredible view over Seixe (m) DISTANCE (km) valley and S. Miguel – thisALTITUDE is a perfect place 100 for a picnic. The trail continues to the left, 75 leading between hills and a forest of cork 50 oaks, passing by ruins, and then ascending 25 to0 the cemetery of Odeceixe. Make sure to 1 2 3 4 5 national 6 7 road8 be 0careful when crossing the DO AMADO PRAIA DO AMADO on PRAIA your way back to the starting point.

Important warnings The longest option of this Circular Route, starting and ending in Odeceixe, avoids a steep climb.

Part of this route is coincident with the Historical Way. Pay attention to the signs.

103

16 Amoreira

Circular Route

Along this route, we can understand the process of survival of the fittest for species living along the dunes, from sea level to the pine forest. By the sea, the conditions are rough - strong wind, intense sun exposure, poor dry soil, sea spray (salty water splashed from the sea). Only true “plant superheroes” are capable of growing under such conditions. Here you can find the Portuguese crowberries, globe amaranths, rosemary, thyme, sage-leaved rock-rose, pink rock-roses, the Lithodora prostrata, the juniper and the yellow restharrow. As you walk inland, the rough coastal conditions subside and the vegetation begins to grow in height until reaching the pine trees, the closest line of defense from the sea for the villages. This army of vegetation takes on the role of softening the most aggressive natural forces of the sea, providing to the coastal populations and their agricultural cultures a milder, more inhabitable environment. In the pinewoods you can also find one of the most numerous populations of a endemic plant species - the Teucrium vicentinum.

The mouth of Aljezur stream is a paradise for birdwatchers. If you are one, it’s worth lingering by the stream mouth, with binoculars in hand. Take special notice of the areas that are exposed during the empty tide; in the marshes, rushes and sandbanks, you can frequently spot shorebirds. In the spring, you can also enjoy the vibrant colors of the bee-eaters.

Other endemic plants of this coast, such as the Linaria ficalhoana, Biscutella vicentina, Diplotaxis vicentina and Thymus camphoratus, are also present in the dune zone of the mouth of Aljezur stream. From February till April, various species of wild orchids can be observed in the clearings of the bushes.

At the eastern side of the route, worn down by erosion, the soil of the hills is dominated by gum rockroses. This plant’s huge white flowers sometimes have a red tear at the base. For this reason, and because the flowering occurs during Easter, people say that this plant represents the five wounds of Christ that can be seen in the flowers of the rockrose.

Where to start?

Praia da Amoreira (Amoreira beach): in the parking lot on the north side of the beach.

Praia de Vale dos Homens

Description of route Rogil

Praia da Carreagem

Start from the parking lot – for the first 400 m, follow the road towards Aljezur. After passing another parking area, turn left, walk along a floodplain and cross the stream. At the intersection, turn right before a large farmhouse. From here, the path starts to ascend and, after reaching a plateau, you will find the Historical Way – turn left and follow it for about 1.3 km. Just before the road leading to Carreagem beach, turn left along a path that leads to the bottom of a

Pedra da Mina Praia da Amoreira Monte Clérigo

Ponta da Atalaia

Ribeira de Aljezur Aljezur Vale da Telha

104

120 110 100 90 80 0 0

ALTITUDEAmoreira (m) DISTANCE (km) The Circular Route crosses hills covered by vegetation adapted to dry landscape and is rich in aromatic plants. The Mediterranean shrubs on 7shale 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 soils are followed by pine forests and bushes on sand dunes that include rare species of plants.

Along the coastline, ALTITUDE (m)schists DISTANCE (km) and greywackes can be found in spectacular forms created by tectonic movements.

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS (SHORT)

40 30 20 10

190 170 150

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

DISTANCE (km)

7 km

Distance Approximate duration

0

BARRAGEM DE CAMPILHAS

ALMOGRAVE

ALTITUDE (m)

130

1

2

3

4

2 h 30 m

5

6

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

7

150 m Easy

Difficulty level ALTITUDE (m) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

8,5

7,5

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

Accumulated descent

0 0

Fact sheet

DISTANCE (km)

90 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise 1 2 3 4 season 5 6 September 7 8 9 till 10 June 11,5 Recommended

0

ALMOGRAVE

TROVISCAIS

TROVISCAIS

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

125

100

100

75

dune. Continue walking straight and slightly up enjoying pine forests and dunes. When 25 0 the trail turns to8 the 10left, you can go right 0 2 4 6 12 14 16 and continue walking for about ODECEIXE 300 m to ODECEIXE visit the spectacular Carreagem beach.

After returning to the trail, keep walking south for 1.5 km, going back to the startALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) ing point.

75

DISTANCE (km)

50

50

25 0 0

1

2

3

4

5

PRAIA DA AMOREIRA

6

7

PRAIA DA AMOREIRA

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

125

100

Important warnings

75 50

100 75 50

25 0 0

Part of this route is coincident with the 1 2 3 4 5 6 Historical Way. Pay attention to7 the8signs.

PRAIA DO AMADO

25 0 0

PRAIA DO AMADO

1

2

VILA DO BISPO (SHORT)

Tips Refreshments along the way: on Amoreira beach.

105

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

VILA DO BISPO

17 Carrascalinho Circular Route

The northern part of this route is predominated by sandy soil undulating smoothly, where pine trees, aromatic brush, wild orchids, and rare plants reign. You will also walk through open fields of agriculture, where swallows, bee-eaters and shrikes capture insects and where birds of prey hunts mice and reptiles.

On the southern part of the route, the relief becomes more steep, with deep valleys that have been excavated by torrential water on rocks and slate. When not covered with pines or eucalyptus, the hillside is a magnificent forest of cork trees, strawberry trees, and an enormous diversity of bushes and flowers. In the areas where the vegetation is more abundant, it is common to find traces of carnivorous mammals like genets, Egyptian mongooses, badgers, and the foxes. After rainy nights, it is even easier to detect their footprints and feces, marked on the paths under dense vegetation.

The road travels along and sometimes across temporary water lines like the Amoreiras Creek and the Atalaia and Carrascalinho Ravine. In the areas that are the most moist, there are wild grape vines, willows, honeysuckles, Portuguese heath, and the common hawthorn. It is common to find man made ponds or dams, constructed by farmers in order to save water. The summer can last even longer than the average four months, so these reserves of water are essential for cattle and for the crops. These ponds also have a critical role for the wildlife of the region.

If you observe the ponds discreetly, you may see the European pond turtle and the Spanish pond turtle, both species protected by European legislation.

Where to start?

Carrascalinho: at the fork to Serominheiro.

Description of route Start by walking for 400 m in the direction of the hamlet of Serominheiro. At a house on your right side, turn left. The trail continues along a small lagoon, and then ascends through fields and pine forests. After 700 m, turn to the right and go straight until you arrive at the first houses. Here you should turn left, continuing through a pine

The flora of the northern part of the route growing over the sands contains the Dianthus broteri, a wild clove endemic to the southwest Iberian peninsula, which flowers in the spring and can be spotted frequently along this route. Equally endemic and abundant, especially along the sides of the route, is the Cynara algarbiensis, which is also particularly beautiful during the springtime. Along the route, other rare plants protected by European law can be spotted: the Thymus camphoratus, which occurs exclusively in the southwest coast of Portugal and nowhere else in the world, and the Euphorbia transtagana, a well hidden plant, also endemic to the southwest of Portugal.

Rogil Corte do Sobro

CARRASCALINHO Serominheiro

Corte Cabreira

Aljezur

106

190 170 150 130 0 0

(m) DISTANCEa (km) This hike takes ALTITUDE us through great diversity of landscapes: vast heathlands, mountain ranges offering astonishing sights, a hidden lake and deep green 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7,5 valleys, where we can observe the way of life of the local small farmers, side by side with new inhabitants, foreigners that(km) have ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE decided to set home in this land.

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

200

Fact sheet

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

190 180 170

14 km

Distance

160 150 0

Approximate duration

0

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

0,5

1

1,5

2

4 h 30 m

2,5

3

S. LUÍS

400 m

Accumulated descent

Average

Difficulty level ALTITUDE (m) 300 270 240 210

3,5

S. LUÍS

DISTANCE (km)

250 m / 50 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

clockwise

Recommended direction

180 0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11,5

1 2 3 4 5 6 September till7 June8 Recommended season

0

forest. Pass by a house and after TROVISCAIS about 200 m, turn right. Walk along heathland for a bit more than 1 km, until you arrive at a vast field, where you will turn right. AfterALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) wards, keep walking straight until arriving 100 at an asphalt road. Follow it for about 50 75 m; afterwards, cross to continue on the 50 25 opposite side. The trail will lead through 0 a mountain range.

Soon after on7 your 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 right start ascending. At the top, you will PRAIA DA AMOREIRA PRAIA DA AMOREIRA go through another gate and pass along ruins. Continue walking straight – the trail will descend into the valley, cross a small ALTITUDEascend (m) DISTANCE (km) on the creek, and afterwards, again 125 other side.

When you reach the top, you 100 will come upon a section where several 75 50 paths intersect. Keep walking in the same 25 direction, going slightly up. Ahead, you will 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7of the 8 9 10 Start see an unexpected view ocean.

VILA DO BISPO (SHORT) DO BISPO descending, passing a dam onVILAyour right.

Approximately 100 m ahead, make a sharp turn towards the hills. Slightly ahead, you will cross the Via Algarviana trail, marked in red and white. Pass by some houses, and start descending in the direction of the farmhouse Maria Serrão, staying on the main path until you reach the valley and a small asphalt road. Turn left and keep walking for a little more than 1 km; then, walk up a dirt path on your right. Once at the top, you will arrive at a fork – keep going straight. After passing a renovated mill, turn right and continue through a cork oak forest. Keep going straight until you cross a creek. On the other side, you will return to the path next to the road towards Serominheiro, leading back to the starting point.

TROVISCAIS

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (SHORT)

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

250 200 150 100 50 0 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

CARRASCALINHO

14

CARRASCALINHO

Important warnings ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

125 There are no refreshments available along 100 the way, except a cafe at the starting point.

75 50 25 0 0

2

VILA DO BISPO (LONG)

107

4

6

8

10

12

14

15,5

VILA DO BISPO

18 From Bordeira to the Sea Circular Route

This Circular Route has an area of dunes by the sea and an area of hills further inland.

On the latter, the path goes through vegetation adapted to the dry conditions (hillside forests) and communities adapted to the seasonal flooding (wet lands from high river levels). These lands are called floodplains, and since the soils are very fertile, they are sometimes used for agriculture or grazing.

Along the floodplain, there is a line of tall trees or shrubs – this is the riparian vegetation that accompanies the two banks of the water line.

year in these magnificent dunes. The birds give themselves away with their song and footprints in the sand. Especially important for the birdlife is the pine forest of Bordalete and Maroteira. It’s more than 40 hectares of a pinewood of high aesthetic and ecological value. Planted for the exploration of pinewood (essentially used for boat construction), it is currently private property.

The area of the route nearest to the coast follows along the sands that cover the top of the cliffs. The biodiversity of the vegetation is astounding. Take in the delicate scent of the white barn, myrtle, juniper, lentiscus or rosemary. Appreciate the strong blue colours of the flowers of the creeping gromwell and dill or the intense yellow of the ononis and gorse. The animals that inhabit these dunes on the cliffs are very discreet. However, there are signs of carnivores, who leave their droppings on the shrubs as a way of marking territory. Rabbits do the same by making small burrows in the sand. Insects are the easiest to see, being inebriated by the pollen in flowers that mark their presence throughout the

Description of route

Where to start?

Bordeira: at the Bordeira square.

From the square, walk in the direction of the exit of the village and cross the national road N268. At the fork, take the road to the right, crossing the Bordeira stream. Then, turn left and start ascending, enjoying the view over the village. Afterwards, descend and cross two streams – you are in the floodplain area.

At the junction, take the left path and enjoy the tall riparian vegetation growing along the trail. Continue walking until you reach an old farmstead called Bordalete. Here, you can choose whether to go straight and return to the starting point by a shorter path of just 6 km, or turn to the right and explore the long route.

Mesquita

Fome Aguda Bordalete Ribeira da Bordeira

Praia da Bordeira Maroteira Pontal da Carrapateira

BORDEIRA

Cerro da Cunca Carrapateira Ribeira da Carrapateira

108

Endiabrada

Samouqueira

Vale do Grou

360 330 300 270 240 210 180 0 0

DISTANCE (km) On this walk youALTITUDE will(m)feel the strong connection of this historical village to the incredible coastal zone, which characterises the climate and the rhythm of life.12,5 2 4 6 8 10 Along the way you will also come across the symbolic pine forest ALTITUDE DISTANCE (km) of Bordalete and the(m)beach of Bordeira, famous for its vast(km)sands ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE and dunes as far as the eye can see.

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (LONG)

200 190 180 125 170 100 160 75 150

200 160 140 120 0

0,5

0 S. LUÍS 0

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

2

4

6

8

10

BORDEIRA (LONG)

12

0 0

4

6

8

10

4

2 h / 4 h 30 m

5

6

70 60 50 40 50 30

7

8 8,5

S. TEOTÓNIO

100 m / 300 m ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

Very easy / Average

Difficulty levels

120 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise 1

2

3

4

5

6

CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO

CARRAPATEIRA

CARRAPATEIRA

Topographic profiles ALTITUDE (m) 360 330 300 75 270 240 210 50 180 0 25 0

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

0

2

4

6

1

DISTANCE (km)

8

10

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (LONG)

0

12,5

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

2

3

4

5

BORDEIRA (SHORT)

6 BORDEIRA

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

125 100 75 50 25 0 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

BORDEIRA (LONG)

13,5

BORDEIRA

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

125 100 75 50 25 0

Difficulty level: the route has a lot of sandy DO BISPO areas near the coast and at the VILA pine forest of Bordalete.

2

3

5 6 7 8 9 June 10,5 September till Recommended season

13,5

Important warnings

25

2

Accumulated descent

BORDEIRA

ALTITUDE DISTANCE (km) From here, be ready for(m)a long ascent.

You will be rewarded by the scenery over Pontal ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) 270 da Carrapateira, later joined by the views of 240 125 210 100 the shoreline of the Vicentina Coast extend180 75 ing north and south. At the junction, the 0 50 1 2 3 4to the 5 7 route continues left6 along a 8sandy 25 0 DAS AMOREIRAS (SHORT) S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS 0 S. MARTINHO trail, making a slight detour to ascend to 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14,5 the geodetic mark of Mesquita. Here, take MALHADAIS MALHADAIS your time to enjoy the inspiring vast views, with the bay of Arrifana to DISTANCE the north and ALTITUDE (m) (km) Bordeira beach and Pontal da Carrapa250 200 teira to the south. As you continue, the trail 150 approaches the coastline, following closely 100 along the cliffs until Bordeira beach. From 50 0 here, return inland, walking through the 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 majestic and fragrant Bordalete pine forCARRASCALINHO CARRASCALINHO est. Before the Bordalete farmstead, turn right , again cross the Bordeira stream and go around the floodplain walking along its ALTITUDE DISTANCE (km) edge until you cross the(m) N268 road again 125 and return to Bordeira.

100 50

1

S. TEOTÓNIO

0 CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO (SHORT) 0 1 2 3 4

300

75

Approximate duration

10 0

S. LUÍS

DISTANCE (km)

6 km / 13.5 km

Distance

0

0 20

25 0

ALTITUDE (m)

180

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

0 50

Fact sheet

12

14

0

15,5

VILA DO BISPO (LONG)

MALHADAIS

There are other routes in this area. Pay attention to the signage.

Tips Refreshments along the way: only in the village of Bordeira.

109

2

4

6

8

10

12

14,5 MALHADAIS

19 Endiabrada and the Hidden Lakes Circular Route

This route crosses Mediterranean scrubland of extraordinary diversity, rooted in poor shale soil. There are aromatic plants, such as Lithraea, rosemary, and white barn. Other common shrubs here are gentian, heaths, arbutus, mastic, mariola, flax-leaf daphne, heather, and the sea squill. At the water’s edge, the tamarisk, the willow, and the cork oak can be seen. Notice on the trail the marks on the barriers of the path made by the mammals, which are very active in these parts during the night. On these trails, it is possible to see footprints or droppings of the animals that use them: wild boar, fox, Egyptian mongoose, badger, weasel, and genet.

with regional motifs from the Algarve. The images are from the 16th to 18th centuries.

The font is Manueline style.

Where to start?

Bordeira: at the Bordeira square.

Description of route From Bordeira, start walking towards Arrifana – the trail will overlap with the Historical Way for 300 m. Then, follow the the first path to the right. From here, you will gradually ascend through a valley with rich vegetation, cork oaks and shaded areas. Once you arrive at the crossroads of 6 paths, you are in Endiabrada. Turn left, then, turn right, continuously descending.

At the fork, you can continue going straight for a quicker return to Bordeira (shortening the route to 7 km), or turn right to walk the long option. If you decided to turn right, you will pass a stream and, at the end of a small ascent, see the first lake. You are in a well-preserved valley with little human intervention, where you can feel the essence of this area – forests of vegetation, native to this coastal region.

A little further on, you will pass by the second lake and then ruins of a house. Turn

The parish of Bordeira, which includes Carrapateira, has less than 500 inhabitants and a population density of just over 5 inhabitants/km2. However, the village makes itself greater because of the generous and cosmopolitan soul of its inhabitants and the splendour of the nature that surrounds it.

At the beginning or at the end of the route, it is worthwhile to walk down the narrow streets, stop at the village cafe and visit the charming little church of Nossa Senhora de Encarnação. This church, built in 1746, has a simple architecture with a small atrium and, inside, a single nave with a triumphal arch.

The altarpiece is in gilt baroque carving Mesquita

Fome Aguda Bordalete Praia da Bordeira Maroteira Pontal da Carrapateira

Ribeira da Bordeira Endiabrada

Cerro da BORDEIRA Cunca Carrapateira Ribeira da Carrapateira

Praia do Amado Vilarinha

110

Samouqueira

Vale do Grou

ALTITUDE (m)

200 180 160 140 120 0 0

S. TEOTÓNIO

50 40

275

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE Coinciding in part with the (km) Arrifana » Carrapateira section of the Historical Way, this walk allows you to journey through the Mediterranean 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8,5 woodland on foothills of the Espinhaço do Cão mountain and discover the incredible interior region surrounding the ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) charismatic village of Bordeira.

250 225 200 175 150 125 0

Fact sheet 7 km / 17 km

Distance 0

1

2

3

S. TEOTÓNIO

280 260 240 220 200 180 160 0

0,5

1

1,5

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (SHORT)

4

5

6

7

8

9

8

9

DISTANCE (km)

Easy / Average 190 m / 20 m

Recommended direction counterclockwise 0

3

7

150 m / 400 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

0 2

6

ALTITUDE (m)

Difficulty levels

10 1

5

Accumulated descent

20

CARRAPATEIRA

4

SANTIAGO DO CACÉM DO CACÉM Approximate duration 2 h 30 m /SANTIAGO 5 h 30 m

30

0

DISTANCE (km)

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

Recommended season September till June

10,5

CARRAPATEIRA

Topographic profiles ALTITUDE (m)

right after the ruins, entering a pinewood area, which later changes to a more arid ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) landscape. Continue walking until you 75 reach the easternmost end of this trail; 50 then, make a sharp left turn. You have made 25 exactly halfway of the route. From here, 0 the trail begins to descend for almost 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 km, with the ocean and mountain range BORDEIRA (SHORT) BORDEIRA enhancing the landscape. Afterwards, turn to the right for a steep descent, crossing the path at the bottom of the valley embellished by huge cork oaks. As you reach area of eucalyptus trees, take the path on the left to join the Historical Way; continue to follow it until the end of the route. Pass the hamlet of Samouqueira and keep going straight to return to Bordeira, with the national road N268 running parallel on your right side.

DISTANCE (km)

200

ALTITUDE (m)

150 125 100 100 50 75

DISTANCE (km)

0 50 25 0

1

2

3

0 SANTA CLARA 1 0

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

SANTA CLARA

2

3

4

5

6

BORDEIRA (SHORT)

7 BORDEIRA

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 0

2

BORDEIRA (LONG)

Important warnings Route marking: part of this route is coincident with the Historical Way. Pay attention to the signs.

Tips Shorten this route: the total distance is 17 km but if you prefer, you can opt for a shorter walk of only 7 km, following the signposts in the area of Samouqueira at km 3.7.

Refreshments along the way: only in the village of Bordeira.

111

4

6

8

10

12

14

16 17 BORDEIRA

20 Carrapateira Cliffs Circular Route

It is worthwhile to linger on the beach of Bordeira to appreciate how the sea has carved the sand into harmonious shapes, constantly changing with the seasons.

This beach, unique and full of nooks and crannies, was the result of the interaction between sediments from Monchique, the deposits left by the sea, the insistent work of the wind, and the whims of the tides and currents. Carrapateira is a special place that delights vacationers, surfers, hikers, fishermen, goose barnacle hunters, and biologists alike. In the dunes, the vegetation is exuberant: thyme, yellow shrubby everlasting, rosemary, lavender, Portuguese crowberry, blue pimpernel, sea lavenders, gum rockrose...

Here in the south, the shape of the cliffs begins to take on new forms as the rock turns to limestone. The limestone dissolves easily in rainwater, which is slightly acidic. Thus, the sea water eroding the cliffs below, combined with the dissolution of the top of the cliffs caused by rain and runoff water, gives rise to holes, caves, arches, and rock columns.

Red deposits contrasting with the whiteness of the limestone can be seen; these are formed from insoluble materials that are found inside limestone, such as red clays.

Where to start?

Carrapateira: in Carrapateira main square.

Description of route From the largo da Carrapateira square, turn right, following the main road and then, turn left next to a mill, following a sand lane leading to the right towards a stream. Cross a wooden walkway, going in the direction of the beach. Then, continue walking along a narrow and stony track running parallel to the stream, until you arrive at another wooden walkway. The view over Bordeira beach is impressive and on clear days, it is even possible to see the bay of Arrifana.

Mesquita

Bordalete Praia da Bordeira Maroteira Pontal da Carrapateira

Ascend to a large dirt road. Near Pontal da Carrapateira, there are several viewpoints, from where you can enjoy the cliffs, dunes and the dense vegetation that populate them. Fishermen and seafood gatherers often can be seen – there is still a small fishing port and an old fishing village knowned as the islamic fishermen village of Ponta do Castelo (castle cliff).

After you pass by Amado beach and the parking lot, take the first path to the right, crossing a meadow with riparian vegetation and a small stream surrounded by tamarisk trees. From here, start ascending, soon you will see the village of Carrapateira.

Bordeira

CARRAPATEIRA Ribeira da Carrapateira

Praia do Amado

Pedralva

112

70 60 50 0 0

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) This Circular Route starting from the village of Carrapateira is a prime opportunity to observe the relationship between the people of this3land and the sea.

1 2 4 5 6 Along the route, you will find several viewpoints with superb views over the cliffs and beaches of Bordeira andALTITUDE Amado, as (km) (m) DISTANCE well as the ruins of an Islamic seasonal fishermen’s village.

CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO (SHORT)

360 330 300 270 240 210 180 0

75 50

Fact sheet

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

10.5 km

Distance

25 0

Approximate duration 0

CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO

2

4

6

3 h 30 m

8

CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO (LONG)

10

12

CENTRO DE INTERPRETAÇÃO

150 m

Accumulated descent

Easy

Difficulty level ALTITUDE (m) 200 180 160 140

DISTANCE (km)

50 m / 0 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise

120 0

0

2 4 6 8 Important warnings

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (LONG)

10

12,5

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

S. TEOTÓNIO

When strolling along Carrapateira Cliffs, you will find several paths that lead towards the sea. Remain ALTITUDE only(m) onDISTANCE the (km) wooden walkways.

125

0 1 2 3season 4 5 6 7till June 8 8,5 September Recommended S. TEOTÓNIO

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

50

100

40

Due to the large number of routes in this area, pay special attention to the signage.

75 50 25

30 20 10

0

0 0

2

4

Tips

6

8

10

12

BORDEIRA (LONG)

0

13,5

BORDEIRA

Refreshments along the way: in Carrapateira, at Sítio do Rio (km 1.2), Sítio do (m) beach DISTANCE of (km) Amado Forno (km 6.4) andALTITUDE in the (km 7.2).

125 100

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

CARRAPATEIRA

10,5

CARRAPATEIRA

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

75 50

75 50

25

25 0

0 0 MALHADAIS

2

4

6

8

10

12

14,5

0

MALHADAIS

1

BORDEIRA (SHORT)

113

2

3

4

5

6 BORDEIRA

21 Carrapateira Hills Circular Route

The most southwest section of this Circular Route, which is also the closest to the sea, leads you through pastures, fallow land, scrub land, and open spaces. The southern gorse predominates, in the spring covering the hills in a glorious yellow. However, alongside it, there are many other species, such as camphoric thyme and cistus-de-Sagres (a species that can only be found on the Southwest coast of Portugal), lentiscus, flax-leaf daphne, Drimia maritima, wild asparagus or restharrow. In the pine forests, the silver billed gorse (Ulex argenteurs) can be frequently observed – a species endemic to Portugal. The colour of its thorns is not as green as most gorse, but silver-grey, as its name implies.

Enjoy, therefore, the descent to Vilarinha to appreciate the oak forests, habitat to numerous species of fauna. Predominant amongst the birds are chaffinches, serins, wrens, warblers, and nightingales. The old or even dead cork oak trees provide the natural cavities necessary for cave dwelling species, such as bats and different bird species – owls, woodpeckers, wryneck, tits or tree creepers. Also common in this habitat are reptiles like the ocellated lizard, the gecko, the ground snake and the ladder snake.

Where to start?

Carrapateira: in Carrapateira central square.

Towards the eastern side of the trail, there are magnificent areas of cork oak forest with thickets of arbutus, but also poorer communities where once there were oak trees. This impoverishment of the habitat resulted from fire and the planting of pine and euculyptus trees. The shrub cover here is poorer, dominated by cistus. The invasive species (acacia and others) take advantage of the disturbance to impose themselves.

Praia da Bordeira

The trail starts in the heart of Carrapateira, overlapping with the Circular Route Carrapateira Cliffs for 1.5 km. Afterwards, it turns left and leads uphill to a viewpoint with the first inspiring view over the beaches of Amado and Bordeira, and the village of Carrapateira. From here, you will continue walking along an undulating landscape dominated by pine trees, until crossing the road N268. On the other side of the road, follow a large road, turn left and start a spectacular descent leading to the bottom of an unspoilt valley, covered with indigenous vegetation.

Ribeira da Bordeira

Maroteira

Endiabrada

Bordeira Pontal da CARRAPATEIRA Carrapateira

Description of route

Cerro da Cunca

Before reaching the village of Vilarinha, the trail will overlap with the Historical Way and the Circular Route Vilarinha. After the village you will find an intersection and 50 m after turn left, crossing the Carrapateira stream via the bridge that is used only by pedestrians and cyclists. Turn right next to the agroturism and keep going up towards the top of a mountain range. The views over the Vilarinha valley and the

Ribeira da Carrapateira Praia do Amado Vilarinha

Pedralva

114

280 260 240 220 200 180 160 0 0

(m) DISTANCE (km) The successive ALTITUDE panoramic sceneries that you get from the top of the hills of the beaches of Amado and Bordeira, the villages of Carrapateira and Vilarinha, as 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 well as all the surrounding area as far as the top of Monchique mountains (Fóia), make this a spectacular route for DISTANCE those ALTITUDE (m) (km) who appreciate great views.

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (SHORT)

200

280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 0

120 60 30

0

0 3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

3

4

5

6

10

SANTA CLARA

7

5h

8

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

400 m

Average ALTITUDE (m)

50

2

1

Difficulty level

100

1

Approximate duration Accumulated descent

150

DISTANCE (km)

14 km

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (MEDIUM)

90

SANTA CLARA

ALTITUDE (m)

Distance

0

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

150

0

Fact sheet

DISTANCE (km)

130 m / 10 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

Recommended direction counterclockwise 0 2 4 6 8 10 13,5 September till12June Recommended season SABÓIA

SABÓIA

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0

DISTANCE (km)

125 100 75 50 25 0 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16 17

0

undulating hills of Carrapateira, BORDEIRA allow you to appreciate the true dimensions of this astonishing coastal area. A little further, the trail will join the Historical Way, following it until the end of the route. There will be a steep ascent; then, you will start descending until arrival at the tarmac road next to the country house and return to Carrapateira.

BORDEIRA (LONG)

2

CARRAPATEIRA

Important warnings Route marking: there are several routes in the area. Pay attention.

Tips Refreshments along the way: only in the village of Carrapateira.

Various combinations possible: this route creates a series of possible combinations for several days of walking in the region.

Study the map and make the most of the existing route network, combining the Circular Route with the Carrapateira » Vila do Bispo section of the Historical Way and the Circular Route Carrapateira Cliffs.

115

4

6

8

10

12

14

CARRAPATEIRA

22 Vilarinha

Circular Route

The slopes of this route are made up of forest and shrubs growing in worn soil, which has been transformed by millenia of erosion. At the bottom of the valleys, the deposit of sediments has created some floodplains, which are made deeper, flatter, and more fertile by the water lines. The trail crosses agricultural areas, forests, shrubs, and water lines. In the agricultural areas, the hoopoes, larks, corn buntings, and white wagtails abound. In the stone pine forests, the woodpeckers make holes in the bark of the trunks in order to place the seeds there and extract the pine nuts.

In the cork tree forests, there is also the strawberry tree, whose fruit is used to make the famous brandy medronho. In the water lines, dominated by the African tamarisk, you can harvest blackberries, fennel, wild roses, wild mint, and pennyroyal. In the spring and summer, you can stop here for a moment to watch the creeping buttercups floating in the water.

better manage and make use of the abundance of fish and shellfish, as well as collect wild fruits and hunt. However, in safe and mild climates, these nomadic populations would make more permanent base camps.

We know this to be true because we have since discovered their cemeteries and food storage facilities.

In fact, this pendulum-like movement of people, depending on the time of year, has continued to be practiced into the present day. People continue to leave their villages to hunt, fish or harvest wild plants, using knowledge, whose origin has been lost in time. For example, every year in late spring, many inhabitants of the southwest coast travel through the mountains to harvest oregano, which after drying, is stored to use for the rest of the year. Local hunters continue to hunt partridges, one of the species whose bones are most common in the region’s archaeological sites. For many locals, fishing is still a way of supplementing the livelihoods of families, especially in the spring and summer.

75% of all species of amphibians in Portugal can be found in the wetlands of Vilarinha. There are salamanders, newts, frogs and toads, as well as a rare and protected species of frog – the Iberian painted frog (Discoglossus galganoi). Amphibians play important role in ecosystem, for example, by feeding on the aquatic larvae of mosquitoes they contribute to controlling insect-borne diseases.

Ribeira da Bordeira Bordeira

Endiabrada

Cerro da Cunca

This territory was deeply transformed by human beings, especially from the Mesolithic era, more than 8000 years ago A.D. These populations burned the forest to promote the growth of herbs and to favor the herbivorous animals, an important food base for them. After the fire, the less dense vegetation allowed for hunters to access and see their game. Depending on the time of year, these populations used temporary camps by the sea or in the mountains to

Carrapateira Ribeira da Carrapateira

VILARINHA

Pedralva

116

Samouqueira

280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 0 0

ALTITUDERoute (m) DISTANCE (km) This short Circular combines the ancient trails of the mountain with its aromatic shrubs (some of them spiky!) with the lovely rural path that 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 goes along the Carrapateira stream, crossing it several times.

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (MEDIUM)

280 250 220 190 160 130 100 0

Fact sheet

ALTITUDE (m)

5 km

Distance Approximate duration 2

0

4

6

8

2h

10

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (LONG)

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

DISTANCE (km)

12

150 m

Accumulated descent

Average

Difficulty level ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

150

100

120

75

90

50

60 30

25

0

0 0

2

4

6

8

10

SABÓIA

Where to start? ALTITUDE (m) 125

13,5

12

SABÓIA

DISTANCE (km)

120 m / 20 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

clockwise

Recommended direction

0 2 4 6 8 September 10 12 till June 14 15 Recommended season ODECEIXE

ODECEIXE

Topographic profile DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

125

Vilarinha: next to the Rota Vicentina board.

100

13

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

100 75

75

Description of route

50 25

50 25 0

0 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0

14

Start next to the information CARRAPATEIRA boards and turn left; then, at the fork, turn right, following the white and red markings. Go through the valley, crossing the stream several times. At the point, where two streams meet, cross by going right and enter the Pedralva Valley. Cross the stream two more times. 500 m after the second crossing, at the fork meeting the Historical Way, turn to the right and start ascending through a eucalyptus forest until you reach the top.

From here, take the path on the right, follow it for about 100 m, and exit to the left along a trail that leads to the Vilarinha Valley. When you arrive at the point, where the trail meets the Circular Route Carrapateira Hills, turn right and continue walking towards the village of Vilarinha and the starting point of this route.

CARRAPATEIRA

0,5

VILARINHA

Important warnings This route is coincident with 2 sections of the Historical Way, pay special attention to the signs.

In periods of intense rainfall, this path is not passable.

117

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

VILARINHA

23 Amado

Circular Route

If you get an early start, you are likely to find many different birds, such as the stock dove, the peregrine falcon, the red-billed chough, the black redstart, and the western jackdaw. Along the path, you can spot footprints, feces, and the holes of rabbits, fox, Egyptian mongooses, and otters. The habitats by the cliffs are essential for the conservation of plants that are extremely rare on a global level, such as the Armeria beirana, Teucrium vicentinum, Cistus palhinhae or Thymus camphoratus. On the hillsides of the deep valleys, the water lines are dominated by the African tamarisk (Tamarix africana). In the spring, shrubs are filled with sweet smelling flowers and different species of heathers, myrtle, wild asparagus, Cynara algarviensis, flax-leaved daphne, mastic tree, kermes oak, lavender, juniper, and the yellow restharrow.

and yellow sandstones, resulting from continental deposits and first seen right on Amado beach.

Murração beach is classified as a site of great geological interest (geosite), because it presents the most continuous and best dated section of the Bordalete Formation (an important unit of the Carboniferous period in Portugal) exposing the outlier of Carrapateira (one of the most known tectonic accidents in the South Portuguese Zone) showing the doleritic dikes and alkaline basins. It is an excellent testimony to the phenomena that led to the opening of the Atlantic Ocean.

Next to Murração beach, there is an archaeological station with vestiges of cooking fires, as well as the remains of cooked food from prehistoric people. This type of station is common in the southwest coast of Portugal and is called “shell/middens” since you can predominately find the shells of marine molluscs.

On Murração beach, you can find the best rocky outcrops of the Carboniferous period in Portugal; these are over 300 million years old. In the folds and faults of the rocks of the cliff, the geologists studied the formation of an old mountain range, now completely demolished. When Pangea, the supercontinent was formed, this mountain range had a higher elevation than that of any Portuguese mountain today. While the folds in these rocks have been destroyed by erosion, by looking at the steep rocky layers which can sometimes be almost vertical, we can find small fossils of marine organisms that are important for understanding and reconstructing the evolution of life in this distant era.

Where to start?

Praia do Amado (Amado beach): in the parking lot next to the bar.

Praia da Bordeira Maroteira Pontal da Carrapateira

Cerro da Carrapateira Cunca

Praia do Amado

The ancient and deformed rocks are crossed with dikes of other rocks – magma that consolidated before reaching the surface during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean in the era of the dinosaurs. The most recent of these rocks (created about 200 million years ago) are the colorful red

Praia da Murração

Pedralva

118

280 250 220 190 160 130 100 0 0

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) Incredible beaches, steep paths though mountain landscape, wonderful views over an ocean background and deep valleys: an2 unforgettable route!

4 6 8 10 12 13

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL (LONG)

40 30 20

Fact sheet

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

8 km

Distance

10 0

Approximate duration 0

RIBEIRA DE SEISSAL

1

2

3

4

5

3 h 30 m

6

7

ALMOGRAVE

Hard

Difficulty level

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) Start by walking towards the beach and 100 after you arrive at the bars, take a path to 75 the left that continues south, overlapping 50 with the Fishermen’s Trail. After 200 m, 25 cross the beach by walking on sand, and 0 0 2 4 trail 6 that8 starts 10 on 12 14 15 side take the the other ODECEIXE ODECEIXE higher up. Go through another valley and ascend on its other side. When the path begins to descend, turn left, go up and continue walking along the ridge. After you ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) arrive at a country road, keep going in the 125 100 same direction for another 500 m. After75 wards, turn right and start to descend into 50 the valley, crossing the stream. Go up on 25 0 the opposite side – at the top of the hill, you 0 5 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 will see a large abandoned house.

Pass VILARINHA VILARINHA along the right side of the house and just after it, follow a small path on the left side – it will curve and lead you to the next valley.

Pay attention to the signs, since the path is not easy to notice. Cross the river – the trail here is surrounded by dense vegetation.

Start ascending, you will find a dirt path leading to the right towards the Fishermen’s Trail. Turn right and go down to Murração beach. To continue the walk, you can either cross the beach on sand, or go for a swim.

In both cases, pay attention to the currents and ocean conditions – it may not always be possible to cross the beach. Ascend along the marked trail to the so-called Casa do Engenheiro (engineer’s house) and enjoy an absolutely stunning view over Vicentina Coast with its imposing, jagged cliffs. After passing the house, turn left and follow a trail that descends into a valley and then goes up again, leading to Amado beach.

Arriving at the beach, if the ocean conditions permit it, you can return to the starting point by walking along the beach. Otherwise, follow the trail going along the cliffs, returning by the same path that you walked at the beginning of the route.

ALTITUDE (m) 125 100 75 50

8,5

400 m

Accumulated descent

Description of route

8

ALMOGRAVE

DISTANCE (km)

104 m / 0 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

clockwise

Recommended direction

25 0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 June 16 September till Recommended season ODECEIXE

ODECEIXE

Topographic profile ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

100 75 50 25 0 0

1

2

3

4

PRAIA DO AMADO

5

6

7

8

PRAIA DO AMADO

Important warnings Pay attention to the conditions of the sea at the beaches of Murração and Amado.

Never risk it!

This section overlaps with other routes.

Pay attention to the signs.

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24 Cordoama Circular Route

Although it is a plateau, this trail is far from flat, torn into abrupt slopes by the erosion of the water lines. Abundant shrubs have adapted to the wind - juniper, sage-leaved rock-rose, Portuguese crowberry, mastic tree, false olive, flax-leaved daphne and brooms. Some of these shrubs only exist in the southwest of Portugal, as is the case of the gum rockrose (Cistus palhinhae), Thymus camphoratus or Ulex erinaceus.

The coast south of Carrapateira is the kingdom of the goose barnacle, a marine crustacean that is part of the group of crabs and shrimps. Its appearance is unique, as it has only one foot, which adheres strongly to the rocks, and a nail, where most of its vital organs are lodged. The goose barnacle is simultaneously male and female, reproducing from spring to autumn, incubating the eggs inside until the larvae hatch. Being a goose barnacle harvester is a high-risk profession, since the harvesting sites take place at rocks that are extremely difficult to reach and are subject to strong maritime rip currents. Once abundant in nature, the goose barnacle has now become increasingly scarce.

The diversity of plants is huge here and reveals itself fully in the spring. But this area is also an important corridor for migratory birds. Between the end of September and the beginning of October, thousands of birds concentrate here on the African autumnal route. Some species migrate during the night, resting and feeding during the day. Others migrate during the day, as in the case of eagles, storks, flamingos, white wagtails or bee-eaters. Some do not even need to stop to rest and feed themselves, because they do so it in flight, as is the case with swallows and swifts! Migration involves many risks and tens of millions of birds die annually during their journeys.

Where to start?

Vila do Bispo: at the municipal market.

Description of route Start by walking towards the roundabout and then, follow the street leading to the health center. At the end of the street, turn left and follow the path overlapping with the Historical Way and passing by a football field. Just before the national road, turn onto the path on the left, which goes parallel to it. After an ascent, take a pause and enjoy the panorama behind you. After walking for approximately 1.5 km, either take the shortest route, which goes directly to Cordoama, or choose a longer version of this trail, which also includes Barriga beach. If you follow the shortest circuit, the route will continue on the left, leading directly towards the ocean until arriving at the cliff of Cordoama. To do the complete route, continue walking along the Historical Way, staying parallel to the national road for another 1.2 km. Then, leave the Historical Way and turn left, walking towards the coast for 1.9 km. From here, the Fishermen’s

Praia do Mirouço Praia dos Mouranitos Pena Furada Praia da Cordoama Praia do Castelejo

Cerro da Barriga

Três Casas

VILA DO BISPO

120

ALTITUDE (m) 190 170 40 150 30 130 20 0 10 0

0 CERCAL DO ALENTEJO 0

200 190 180 140 170 120

DISTANCE (km) DISTANCE (km)

10 km / 15.5 km

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

LUÍS Approximate duration 3 h 30 m / 5 h 30 S.m

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

TROVISCAIS

DISTANCE (km) DISTANCE (km)

240 100

Difficulty level

11,5

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

Average

120 m / 0 m

Max. / Min. Altitude

210 75 180 50 0 25 0

10

TROVISCAIS

270

Trail will continue on your right side in the direction of Carrapateira. To continue fol1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11,5 0 25 lowing the Circular Route, you TROVISCAIS must turn 0 TROVISCAIS 0 2 4 6afterwards, 8 10 turn 12 right 14 – you 16 left.

Shortly will ODECEIXE pass a house that will also be on ODECEIXE your right side. Continue walking forward, ignoring ALTITUDE (m) two sideways on your rightDISTANCE that(km)have no 100 exit. Then, begin the descent towards BarALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) 75 riga beach, an epic part of this route. After 100 50 arriving at the valley, turn right and continue 75 25 walking until the path crosses a stream. Do 50 0 25 0 2 3 4 5 beach 6 7 after not1 forget to visit Barriga and, AMOREIRA DA AMOREIRA 0 PRAIA DA returning to the trail, keep PRAIA going straight 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 towards a forest of pine trees.PRAIA AtDO AMADO the juncPRAIA DO AMADO tion, continue on the path that descends slightly and crosses a small valley. At the ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) next crossroads, you will find the shortest 125 100 version of this course joining the trail from 75 the left. Proceed on the right towards the 50 impressive cliff of Cordoama. Afterwards, 25 0 the trail leads to a beach with same name.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pay attention to the conditions of the ocean VILA DO BISPO (SHORT) VILA DO BISPO when crossing the beach. On the other side, start ascending and about 50 m ahead, turn to the left – there will be a viewpoint, popular place for paragliding. Follow the path for 900 m until an asphalt road starts, and continue walking along it for another 400 m until you arrive at the nature trail Trilho Ambiental do Castelejo. From here, we recommend to turn right and continue walking along a valley. This is the longest and most scenic route, leading through beautiful forests. If you prefer, you can also go straight – after about 600 m, there will be a picnic area. At the southern entrance of the environmental park, exit the valley by turning right – the trail will join the Historical Way once more, continuing on the left along a small road with low traffic leading to Vila do Bispo.

9

300 m / 450 m

Accumulated descent

300

ALTITUDE (m)

ALTITUDE (m) ALTITUDE (m)

Distance

ALMOGRAVE

ALTITUDE (m)

Fact sheet

160 100 150 80 60 0 40 0 20 0 S. LUÍS 1 0

CERCAL DO ALENTEJO

ALMOGRAVE

140 120 100 125 80 60 100 40 75 20 0 50

DISTANCE (km)

ALTITUDE (m) DISTANCE (km) We begin the trail crossing a seemingly endless plain when suddenly we find ourselves on 1 3 4 impressive 5 6 7 7,5 top of 2the most cliffs, from where we walk down to8 8,5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 the wild beaches of Barriga and Cordoama, famous by its waves.

Recommended direction counterclockwise 1

2

3

4

5

0 S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS (SHORT) 0 1 2 3

6

7

8

S. MARTINHO DAS AMOREIRAS

5 6 June7 till Recommended season 4September

PRAIA DA AMOREIRA

PRAIA DA AMOREIRA

Topographic profiles ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

250

ALTITUDE (m)

200

DISTANCE (km)

150 125 100 50 75 0 50 25 0

2

4

0 CARRASCALINHO 0 1 2

6

8

10

12

14

CARRASCALINHO

3

4

5

6

7

8

VILA DO BISPO (SHORT)

9

10

VILA DO BISPO

ALTITUDE (m)

DISTANCE (km)

125 100 75 50 25 0 0

2

4

6

VILA DO BISPO (LONG)

8

10

12

14

15,5

VILA DO BISPO

Important warnings This route has two options and overlaps with other routes, pay attention to the signs.

Tips If you would like to do one more short hike, take the 3.5-km-long Trilho Ambiental do Castelejo which starts next to the picnic area on the road between Vila do Bispo and Cordoama beach.

121

122

123

Other offers

from

Rota Vicentina

Cycling

There are 38 circular routes and a Long Distance MTB/Gravel Trail organised in 4 levels of difficulty giving access to all levels , from beginners to the most experienced. All are self guided and designed with safety in mind. Best experienced from September to June.

In addition to the Pedestrian Routes, starting in 2019, Rota Vicentina offers a network of bike paths, thus giving cyclists the possibility of exploring new places and hidden parts of the Southwest of Portugal.

MTB & Gravel

Check the interactive map on the website and choose your route according to the level of difficulty, and other parameters.

With over 1,000 km of Mountain Bike (MTB) and grave Trails throughout the county of Odemira, this network has as its main start and finish points at the villages of Odemira, S. Teotónio, S. Luís, Santa Clara-a-Velha and Colos.

Touring bike For travellers on hybrid bikes Rota Vicentina also offers a GPS route in mixed-paths linking Lisbon and Faro airports, as well as in the territory of Rota Vicentina with all facilities available.

SIGNAGE FOR MTB TRAILS turn left

keep straight on

turn right

wrong route

various dangers

two way path

route through protected area

Long Distance MTB trail

route shared with hikers

dangerous descent

124

traffic

To get the most from your trip check out our website and discover the opportunities provided by the network of partners of Rota Vicentina; activities that range from two hours to several days with or without accommodation.

Programs & Activities

Agenda

Other option for Rota Vicentina is its Nature, Culture and Wellness Programs & Activities, offered and developed by the partners of the association, mostly local people and family companies.

From open-air markets to shows, also on our digital agenda, you can find a selection of events and activities proposed by the community.

Our objective is to offer visitors an authentic experience of the local culture and wild nature of the region.

This feature is also available in Rota Vicentina website and allow all to be aware of what is happening in the Alentejo and Vicentina Coast.

Therefore each activity is designed and is guided by the local community who are ready to open the doors of their homes and show the region in a way that only a true local can…

It is worth stopping and delving further into this land through activities for the mind, body and soul: • Nature tourism: guided walking or cycling, on horseback, surfing, birdwatching, and other offers for full contact with nature; • Cultural activities: cultural walks, workshops in traditional arts and crafts and experiences with the community, to get to know the stories of this land and of those who living here; • Wellness: massages, yoga, guided meditation and other experiences to relax the body and mind.

125

Useful

information

Downloads » To download the tracks in GPX and KMZ.

Help guide » For access to essential

information and plan your visit to the Rota Vicentina.

Rota Vicentina on the web

Online shop » Where there are 1:55,000

The official website of the Association has all the information contained in this guide book and much more.

Help us

rotavicentina.com

scale Maps and this Guide Book for sale.

• Become a partner: if you believe in this project contribute by becoming a member of the Association for €60/year and receive a promotional pack including Map and Guide Book.

• Hiker’s questionnaire: after walking through Rota Vicentina, give us 5 minutes of your time and fill in the online questionnaire.

• Quality of the trail: when walking the trail if you encounter poor sign posting, damaged equipment, trash or any other situation, take note and, if you can, take pictures and contact us.

• Trail caretakers and volunteers: i you would like to help in a more regular way, get in contact with us.

Tourist offering » If you are coming to Southwest Portugal, book directly with us you’ll be using the partner companies of Rota Vicentina, that have the resources, knowledge and experience to ensure your trip is magical! With your booking you’ll be guaranteeing your contribution to Rota Vicentina and making a difference to the region.

Go to our website to Book Online where you will find: • Suggestions for walking and cycling programs plus other activities;

Useful contacts » For further infor-

• A listing of accommodation throughout the region and a booking system; • Taxi and Transfers service for the transport of passengers and luggage;

mation on accommodation, restaurants and nature/cultural activities please contact the local Tourism Office or go to rotavicentina.com

• Activities, restaurants and local commerce to make your stay unforgettable;

For any further information or help regarding Rota Vicentina, please contact us:

• Travel agencies and tour operators, if you’re looking for a company specialised in handling every detail of your trip.

info@rotavicentina.com (+351) 283 327 669 S.O.S. » Emergency 112 » Environment and territory Police

Interactive map » To see at a glance all

tourist services available and their location in relation to Rota Vicentina trails.

department 808 200 520

126

Technical data

2nd edition (e-book)

Rota Vicentina, July 2024

Coordination Marta Cabral

Texts

Beatriz Silvestre, Carla Guiomar, Diogo Trindade, Irene Nunes, José Granja, Marta Cabral, Marta Curto, Paula Canha, Sara Serrão

Translation

Chris Rhodes, Diogo Trindade, Frank McClintock, Laura Moreno, Laura Canha, Mara Skredele, Margareth Santos, Miguel Galvão

Photography

Dóra Simay, Fábio Mestrinho, Irene Nunes, João Mariano, José Granja, Thomas Ortegat - Traen

Review

Beatriz Silvestre, Irene Nunes

ISBN

978-989-35350-4-2

127

Index

44 Fishermen’s Trail 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70

4 About the Region 4 5 6 6

Characteristics of the landscape Social and historical context Weather How to get there and move around

8 About the Association 8 Philosophy and mission 8 Our offer 9 Objectives

72 Circular Routes 74 Historic Santiago 76 Sissal Beach 78 The Paddy Fields of Campilhas 80 Cercal do Alentejo 82 Mediterranean Ponds 84 S. Luís Gardens 86 Senhora das Neves 88 The Dunes of Almograve 90 Troviscais to Mira 92 S. Martinho das Amoreiras 94 S. Teotónio’s Heathlands 96 Discovering Totenique 98 From Santa Clara to the Lake 100 Odeceixe to the Sea 102 Odeceixe to the River 104 Amoreira 106 Carrascalinho 108 From Bordeira to the Sea 110 Endiabrada and the Hidden Lakes 112 Carrapateira Cliffs 114 Carrapateira Hills 116 Vilarinha 118 Amado 120 Cordoama

10 About the Walking Trails of Rota Vicentin 10 How to enjoy the Walking Trails of Rota Vicentina 12 Signposts 13 Duration 13 Modification of itineraries 13 Responsability 13 Code of conduct 14 Rules and recommendations

15 Responsible Tourism in Rota Vicentina 16 Historical Way 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42

Santiago do Cacém » Vale Seco Vale Seco » Cercal do Alentejo Cercal do Alentejo » Porto Covo Cercal do Alentejo » S. Luís S. Luís » Odemira Sabóia » Odemira Odemira » S. Teotónio S. Teotónio » Odeceixe Odeceixe » Aljezur Aljezur » Arrifana Arrifana » Carrapateira Carrapateira » Vila do Bispo Vila do Bispo » Cabo de S. Vicente

S. Torpes » Porto Covo Porto Covo » Vila N. de Milfontes Vila N. de Milfontes » Almograve Almograve » Zambujeira do Mar Zambujeira do Mar » Odeceixe Odeceixe » Aljezur Aljezur » Arrifana Arrifana » Carrapateira Carrapateira » Vila do Bispo Vila do Bispo » Sagres Sagres » Salema Salema » Luz Luz » Lagos

124 Other offers from Rota Vicentina 124 Cycling 125 Programs & Activites

126 Useful information 127 Technical data 128

129

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Official Guide Book published in: Portuguese, English, German and French 130