Hola MaHigh-School - September 2018

Hola MaHigh School Volume 7, issue 9, September 2018

We provide loans and bursaries to students at all 26 public universities and 50 public TVET colleges throughout the country.

Contents 06 Editors letter 07 Poem 08 We need writers 10 Contributors 11 Holler at us 12 TVETs, xUTs and much more 18 Masiziba at University 22 Food Security with Masiziba

Contents 24 Kickstarz with Metropolitan 26 Trump vs. Iran (and the world) 32 Empowerment opportunities 34 Month of September 38 Energy mix 44 Urban Myth 46 Next issue

Editor’s Letter Sepember - and spring is in the air. But so is the end of the year. At least the school year. Now for the last stretch. Exams are closing in on us. For once we are not terrorising you with exam tips. Even I get bored writing those. The energy debate is rather hectic and it is perhaps time to revisit this.

What do we see? Who is doing what? So we decided to look at other countries for energy consumption and production.

It is a weird picture emerging, but judge yourself.

Masiziba is of course into food security. I wonder what the topic will be for 2019.

We started out on a rather great article on the Trump vs.

Iran debacle. Well, it is there.

It is really not USA vs. Iran.

It is more Trump vs. Iran and the world.

We got overtaken by the events. Trump is good at using Twitter and this time he got on to South Africa. Latest news. Read and be afraid!

But we do have a giggle: Urban myth! believe it or not.

GOOD READ

Sybil

Time for poems:

This is it. No more - nearly The notes are piling up in the corner Soon. Very very soon.

They will be in the box. Never to be opened again The last hurdle. The exams are calling Waiting for me. As I wait. Can hardly wait But then? I must get to it What will I now do, So very very soon

Sybil

We need writers!

Our writers are growing up and getting older That is og course good. BUT.... it means they are leaving us Therefore: would you like towrite for us?

What is required?

That is easy You have to be in grade 10-12 Impeccable in your preferred language-and that might not be English. We try to be more than just English Passionate about your topic of choice no dull articles here

Do you get anything out of it?

Well, not money, sorrry. BUT if we publish your articles you will have: Your bio in a commercial magazine A photo of yourself You can put it all on your CV you can use us as a reference ... and it goes in your portfolio

Is it important?

YES it is.

Look what Rofhiwa said: My name is Rofhiwa and I love to write.

I think I am rather decent writer too.

I took my talent and have used it to express my thoughts on international dealings of the world which have been published in Hola MaHigh-School. It has paid off, not only is my work printed for young people in the country to read, but it also contributed to me gettng a bursary from CNBC-Africa to do my post-graduate studies. Would be a lot harder to get by if I didn’t have platform like Hola MaHigh-School.

What

Email

me o

to do

?

n iva n co.za @romele . : nam e scho Cell n ol E-ma umber ... and il addres s we w ill tal k!

Meet our contributors I am Masiziba Hadebe. I study a BSc in Agricultural Economics at the University of the Free State. I am originally from a small rural town in Mpumalanga, Balfour. My hardworking trait proves that anyone, regardless of the background, can make it. I love plants and animals. During leisure, I read anything readable and interesting. Writing is and will always be my passion, I would starve food just to write!

Pinky Rapoo is a creative writer by nature and not yet by profession.She lives in Vosloorus and is currently in grade 12 at Vosloorus Comprehensive SecondarySchool. Listening to music is her hobby,writing is her passion. Her motto is “Think twice before speaking,think three times before acting and think thoroughly before writing”.

My name is Marcia Ramodike, a 20 year old young lady from Limpopo at Lenyenye. I am doing my second year law degree at the University of the Free State and I am also an author of a book entitled from an empty pride to a full price which is touch based on issues that affect black families such as black tax. I am very passionate about writing. It is actually my first love. I love chilling indoors while reading books and novels; I am a fun, loving person who always smiles and care about other people. My favourite quote is “when the caterpillar thought it was the end of the world it turned into a butterfly “.

HOLLER AT US Hola MaHigh-School

The stuff we need to mention:

Editor & Publisher Sybil Otterstrom sybil@romele.co.za

Website www.romele.co.za

Advertising sales Next level Management services cc 011 614 5046 076 360 1792 sybil@next-level.co.za Publlishing Romele Publications cc 32 Eleanor street Troyeville 2094 011 614 5046/076 360 1792

Hola Ma High School When you post your comments here, it will go to the website

Enquiries Romele Publications cc 32 Eleanor Street Troyeville 2094 Production and Art Direction Ivan Otterstrom ivan@romele.co.za Distribution On-The-Dot Printing United Litho

follow us on Twitter @holamahigh When you post your comments here, it will go to the website

Matric is nearly finish As we approach the end of the year, we need to look at the key question: ‘What next … after high-school’.

It is not a trivial thing. There are many things to do, and it need not be university all of it. South Africa has moved on and it is not university or nothing anymore.

Let us have a look at some if it: TVETs First of all: TVETs are recognized globally. Yes: GLOBALLY! Because (Wiki): “provides knowledge and skills for employment. TVET is recognised to be a crucial vehicle for social equity, inclusion and sustainable development” Just like that. It will give you the skills to be employed. There are some 50+ government TVETs in SA. Look here for more: http://www.dhet.gov.za/SitePages/TVETColleges. aspx And also here for the list of TVETs: https://www.careerhelp.org.za/page/ education/tvet/govt-tvet-colleges/index TVETs are of great importance: They will get you the skills to get a job.

University: Plenty of them. Look here if need be: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_ of_universities_in_South_Africa. The list is: University of the Witwatersrand, University of the Western Cape, University of the Free State, University of Stellenbosch, University of Pretoria, University of Limpopo, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University of Fort Hare,

hed ... and then what?

University of Cape Town, Sefako Makgatho University, Rhodes University, North-West University, University of Johannesburg, University of South Africa (Unisa), University of Venda, Nelson Mandela University, Walter Sisulu University, University of Zululand, Cape Peninsula University of Technology Tshwane University of Technology, Central University of Technology, Durban University of Technology, Mangosuthu University of Technology, University of Mpumalanga, Sol Plaatje University, Tshwane University of Technology, Vaal University of Technology All of these have a web site (go look at it).

What is critical here is the registration. Make sure that you have the grades for your preferred initiative, but also make sure you know the deadlines.

DEADLINES ARE NOT GUIDELINES! The universities of technology offer a wide array of courses. It is not new, but there are surely more to ‘university’ than ever before.

In essence: you have options. Use them!

Matric is nearly finish Private colleges These are also worth looking at. The courses might be shorter term courses – every thing from weeks to a year or two (or a bit more).

My daughter went to SewAfrica for a 3-year diploma in fashion design.

And it paid off in terms of a job.

Damelin, Boston and so on are well-known, but look it up as well. Plenty of new things out there.

Here is another list for you: https://web.archive.org/ web/20131206183047/http://www.dhet.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Uk%2BG5VsN0ag%3D&tabid=36 The list is a bit stale, but it is the best I can find.

These are the accredited colleges. Don’t gt caught on a bogus one.

Re-writing What about re-writing certain subjects? And working as well? Of course there are options here as well.

Look at the Basic Education’s website where it is described in detail., It is called ‘Second Chance’ - for a good reason.

The website is: https://www.education.gov.za/Programmes/SecondChanceProgramme.aspx We quote from their website: “The aim of the Second Chance Matric Programme is to provide support to learners who have not been able to meet the requirements of the National Senior Certificate (NSC) or the extended Senior Certificate (SC), thereby meeting the goals of the NDP and the sector thus increasing learner retention.”

There are NO COSTS! All tuition is offered for free!!!!

hed ... and then what?

SETAs Now we talk SETAs. These are just as important as anything, but will typically be for people in a job.

We quote DHET: “One of the key SETA interventions is learnerships, which have proved extremely effective, due to partnerships between employers, SETAs and training providers. Individuals obtain both theoretical and practical training, as well as real life work experience�

Where to find these?

Here is the list of them: http://www.dhet.gov.za/SitePages/SETAlinks. aspx Funding That is the tough one. NSFAS is still reality and will continue. The new minister has started to stream-line all of this, so look out out.

Although all applications for 2019 are on hold for now, it is worthwhile to look at their website from time to time.

Here it is: http://www.nsfas.org.za/content/ NSFAS is not the only one.

Bursaries are an important part of any education. It is hard out there.

So, get the list of bursary options.

Here is a starting point: http://www.zabursaries.co.za/ And check the validity of any institution: www.dhet.gov.za What more can we do for you today?

Voted in the top 10 of the most strikingly architecturally beautiful museums in the world, Freedom Park is breathtakingly spectacular. A vantage point that offers visitors a spectacular panoramic view of our city and beyond, visitors are guaranteed to stand in awe at the contrasting view, offering the opposites of our world.

Lauded for its effortless beauty, Freedom Park is the perfect hidden venue for all events, as people escape the bustle of the city and enjoy the serenity and peace of the surrounding nature. Amidst the enchanting architecture, Freedom Park helps create unforgettable memories.

Why not experience it for yourself! www.freedompark.co.za | call: +27 12 336 4000

What is Freedom Park?

This is all from their website: Freedom Park celebrates South Africa’s heritage. It is a centre of knowledge aimed at deepening the understanding of the nation. It strives to accommodate all of the country’s experiences and symbols to tell one coherent story.

Freedom Park is a national and international site that celebrates the ideals of liberty, diversity and human rights.

Freedom Park is a cultural institution housing a museum and a memorial dedicated to chronicling and honouring the many who contributed to South Africa’s liberation. The museum aims to preserve and narrate the story of the African continent, and specifically South Africa, from the dawn of humanity, through pre-colonial, colonial and apartheid history and heritage, to the post-apartheid nation of today. It is a long walk, spanning some 3.6 billion years.

Vision To be a leading national and international icon of humanity and freedom.

Mission To provide a pioneering and empowering heritage destination in order to mobilise for reconciliation and nation building in our country; To reflect upon our past, improving our present and building our future as a united nation; and To contribute continentally and internationally to the formation of better human understanding among nations and peoples; The Freedom Park cultural precinct: • Advocates for tolerance, inclusivity, transparency, and accountability; • Archives and preserves South Africa’s indigenous knowledge; • Tells the South African story as it unfolds; • Honours those who gave their lives for South Africa’s freedom; • Provides a place where visitors can experience the diversity of our history and remember loved ones who played a role in the country’s history; • Provides a venue where South Africa’s unique heritage and cultures can be remembered, cherished and celebrated; • Fosters a South African community spirit, by being a symbol of unity through diversity; and, • Works with African and other international institutions to tell the story of Africa from an African perspective.

Studying Further Ever heard of a thesis or someone being a Doctor without being a medical doctor? Well, those are some of the key characteristics that can indicate how further someone has studied after their first undergraduate degree. The continuation of the degree at a higher level (i.e. Honours, Masters Etc.) is referred to as postgraduate studies although some postgraduate degrees do not require the completion of particular bachelor’s degree.

Knowledge and willing to acquire more knowledge becomes a common denominator in succeeding in your postgraduate studies. In other cases, knowledge about programme requirements becomes your gain to entry in these study programmes where there is usually limited space as per university course of action.

One should start enquiring as soon as possible because some postgraduate requirements require one to obtain a certain average or percentage in major modules throughout their undergraduate degree, in other words, marks from first year to the final year of study in major subjects.

Therefore, it is not recommended to enquire about postgraduate studies during your final year of study because you may find that the programme requirements are different from what you have

attained throughout the degree.

Additionally, alternative options should be mapped and carefully evaluated. For instance, there are four main types of postgraduate degrees: taught courses, research degrees, conversion courses and professional qualifications. Interestingly, many postgraduate courses are studied at university, but some courses are taught in a commercial environment, in other words, can be part time or full time.

Postgraduate studies are diverse because you could study a subject that is completely new to you, or you could choose a course which builds on what you have learned in your bachelor’s degree and change lives.

Research degrees are often referred to as doctorates. The main types of doctorates are: PhDs, DPhils, integrated PhDs and professional doctorates. Doctorates can be taken after a master’s degree or, in some cases, after a bachelor’s degree, during which the master’s is usually earned along the way. Doctorates are generally completed over two to four years.

The main component of a PhD is the doctoral thesis. This is a research project on a specialist topic and can be between 40,000 and 120,000 words. It should be worthy of publication and add something new to your field of study which simply translates to an original contribution. This is similar to what Isaac Newton did in his field of study.

After immersing yourself in a subject you love and you acquire your doctorate, then you get to put ‘Dr’ in front of your name without being a medical doctor.

Masiziba Hadebe

Misshapen Fruit and vegeta Misshapen but perfectly edible fruit and vegetables that would otherwise go to waste has been proposed to be sold to supermarkets at a discount in order to reduce food wastage. However, this has been debatable.

Jamie Olivier from the UK was part of a campaign encouraging shoppers to buy “crooked” or misshapen carrots, knobbly pears and wonky potatoes, in an effort to reduce food waste. In fact, during their campaign, they met farmers who assured them that they were unable to sell thousands of tonnes of their fresh vegetables to supermarkets because they were deemed imperfect or misshapen.

Additionally, the retailer – the UK’s second largest supermarket during 2015 – said long-standing consumer resistance was about price and quality, but its research showed that 65% of its customers were now open to the idea of buying oddly shaped fresh produce, while 75% would definitely buy “wonky” if it was cheaper.

However, other reports indicate that although misshapen food is marketed as a way to reduce food waste, selling it cheap will not help, because it does not address the underlying issue: that consumers are buying too much food that could end up not used whether Misshapen or not.

ables to curb food insecurity?

On the other hand, some critics believe that misshapen fruit and vegetables should be shipped to countries that may need them or food-insecure communities.

cessed before distribution.

This then boils down to the logistics of food (storing, transporting and packaging), which also then brings in another factor of funding such as the financial capital to do this. In other instances, these misshapen fruits may need to be pro-

The debate of misshapen fruits and vegetables is complex, but one thing is for sure: the world is currently faced with the unequal distribution of food in which the result is hunger whilst also the prediction that there will not be enough food in the coming years.

Masiziba Hadebe.

Bonteheuwel High School Learners Start their Financial Futures on the Right Foot Close to 1,000 learners at Bonteheuwel High School have been empowered with financial literacy skills via Metropolitan’s teen-tailored Kickstarz financial education programme. Over the past few weeks, the grade 11 learners have been getting to grips with financial basics from how to read a bank statement and how to plan and follow a budget, to more advanced skills like how to build up a good credit record and stay out of debt. While this may sound boring to most teens, it has been anything but, with Kickstarz’s entertaining twist.

Tapping into this generation’s love for sneakers, Kickstarz gave the learners the chance to start their own fictional sneaker companies (each with unique names and logos) and design their very own pair of sneakers that they then marketed to the rest of the school. In doing so, and through several interactive lessons, they have learnt healthy financial habits.

After their peers voted for the best design, the top five teams had to present their businesses to a panel of judges who decided which was the best-performing one in the programme. All members of the winning team walked away with a real pair of sneakers, made using their very own design.

Since being piloted in 2016, thousands of learners from schools around the country have been empowered through the programme,

with 99% of students now being able to create a budget, 56% displaying an understanding of financial terms and phrases and 99% being more likely to save money. In addition, 95% of parents felt that the Kickstarz programme was a good way to teach children about money management.

Metropolitan CSI Manager, Elsie Govender, says that in addition to financial principles, Kickstarz teaches other valuable skills such as teamwork and presentation skills, which are not necessarily taught through textbooks. “It is a practical programme and was designed with edutainment in mind. It engages learners in a fun way but also leaves them with valuable skills and a better understanding of how to manage and work with money.”

Additionally, with South Africa’s severe youth unemployment problem, Kickstarz offers learners an opportunity to consider entrepreneurship as a successful employment option.

“Our ultimate aim with Kickstarz is to enable young people to make better financial decisions and earn an income.

If financial principles are taught early on, youngsters can learn to develop healthy habits that will only serve to ensure that they are financially successful in future,” concludes Govender.

For more information, visit https://www.metropolitan.co.za

Trump vs the w This is going to be a little bit technical. Here is my interpretation of it all. The facts are gleaned from newspaper, Wiki and other sources through some months.

Iran had embarked on a strategy of nuclear developments. Iran claimed that it was all peaceful stuff, but nearly all other countries were skeptical. The percentage of enrichment of Uranium can be low (+/4%) or much higher. 4% enriched Uranium is great for a nuclear reactor, but insufficient for a nuclear bomb. Iran was producing highly enriched uranium, which can be done via high-capacity centrigues.

A lot of other aspects must be considered, but this can be viewed as the benchmark.

Obama did something about it. First of all, the indication is that US launched Styx – a malware that targeted the control computers for the centrifuges. In essence, cyber war. And it worked very well.

Anything between 25-50% of Iran’s centrifuges destroyed themselves.

The real clincher was financial. US barred Iranian banks from dealing with US financial institutions. Does it sound tame? If you are a country you are bound to somehow get to deal in US dollars sooner or later. Or using US-based banks. So this hurts!

The next one was even worse: US dropped all trading in Iran’s currency (the Rial) and told others that they should do the same … or else…

That meant that the Rial dropped like a lead balloon and the Iranian

world - via Iran economy took a severe drop.

The new president (Rouhani) understood the message. Drop the nuclear bomb development and be a part of the world.

Which he did!

The US-Iran deal was signed July 14, 2015, the deal was signed.

Who signed it: the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, China and the European Union.

Let us just sum this up in economic power: Population GDP $ (PPP) Iran 81,6 million 1,749 TR US 325,7 million 19,390 TR Russia 144,5 million 4,152 TR China 1,403 Billion 25,200 TR EU 512,6 million 22,000 TR At that time it was Iran vs. the world. The world accounted for $45,540 TR. That is like 26 times Iranian economy. So the message got delivered.

What happened then? The President of Iran (Rouhani) became popular as sanctions went away and the Iranian economy started to come together again. Nucler was forgotten and we should all have been living happily ever after.

But then Trump became the president!

Trump vs the w It looks as though that Trump is out to dismantle everything that Obama did. It looks very personal (to me).

So, May, 2018, Trump tells that US is withdrawing from the deal.

On top of, Trump announced he would reimpose economic sanctions on Iran effective from 4 November 2018. In response Rouhani said that if needed he would “begin our industrial enrichment without any limitations”.

On 13 August 2018, Iranian Supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei banned direct talks with U.S., referring to the failure of the previous ones. “There will be no war, nor will we negotiate with the US” and “Even if we ever - impossible as it is - negotiated with the US, it would never ever be with the current US administration,” Khamenei said in his speech.

This looks bad. And it gets worse!

The world reacts! The signatories of the deal (UN and EU) are on the war path now: On 17 May 2018 the European Commission announced its intention to implement the blocking statute of 1996 to declare the US sanctions against Iran illegal in Europe and ban European citizens and companies from complying with them. The Commission also instructed the European Investment Bank to facilitate European companies’ investment in Iran.

Trump is now announcing that companies dealing with Iran will get hit in the US. Look up Harley-Davidson, etc.

world -

(forget Iran)

Although US is a big economy, it is now US vs. the World. Let us calculate GDP again: US: $19,390 TR Signatories etc $52,900 TR Who is going to win? Well, we all lose. That is the sad thing here.

What could be the consequences?

• Iran whips up the emotions and starting out on the bomb again • Israel gets anxious and gets on collision course with Iran and the world • Iran and US gets into an armed conflict. That can escalate.

• The China-US tariff war gets even worse and as Trump tries to sanction other countries dealing with China, these countries now impose similar tariffs (the ‘others’ being the above economies).

• The world economy grinds to a halt totally consumed in tariff wars Too pessimistic? Or could it be? Remember, Trump can even declare war via Twitter.

Breaking News!

Trump watched Fox News yesterday, where they had a report on white farmers getting killed by the dozen in SA and government grabbing white-owned farms. Trump (via Twitter) instructed his cabinet to ‘follow it closely’. So the Rand took a dive.

Breaking News!

As Trump allegedly fiddled with election financing, there are now talks about impeachment of Trump!

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Call us and we’ll show you why Gauteng in South Africa is the perfect location to bring your big idea to vibrant, colourful life.

Banking on

AT(SA) and BANKSETA team up Employment opportunities are something we all look for. It is for our youth aged 15-34 that the problem is the most severe. The youth unemployment rate of 38.2% implies that one in every three young people in the labour force is without work.

Even more significant is that due to the lack of opportunities, some of these young people have become so discouraged and demotivated that they are not even seeking to build on their skills base through education and training – these youth are known as the “NEETs” as they are “not in employment, education or training”.

Yet the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) believes there are opportunities. Through its associate: Accounting Technicians South Africa AT(SA), it has created a successful partnership with BANKSETA, who is committed to empowerment of youth through its various youth development initiatives. They have identified an area in which together they have an ability to create meaningful employment opportunities by addressing the lack of prospects available to the ‘NEETS’.

Considering the large number of entry level jobs in banks, the idea is to give the learners the skills to have a fighting chance at either getting a job, or creating their own. This fosters a sense of personal empowerment and purpose in students. The qualification takes two years to complete an they receive an accredited NQF Level 4 FET Certificate: Accounting Technician Qualification, at the end of their first year and an NQF level 5 FET Certificate: Accounting, at the end of their second year.

opportunity

p to fight youth unemployment The AT(SA) qualifications are currently offered at seven Universities of Technology with a combined total of 296 learners and twenty-seven trained lecturers. Two TVET Colleges also offer the qualification and have 60 learners with seven trained lecturers in the programme.

To date, this means that 960 leaners from 11 TVET colleges and 296 learners at the seven UoTs have completed the programme, with a total 95 lecturers trained.

BANKSETA The Banking Sector Education and Training Authority (BANKSETA) is an enabler of skills devel- AT(SA) project direcopment in the banking and alternative banking tor, Harriet Amoda sector. As part of its mandate, the SETA is committed to the empowerment of youth through its various youth development initiatives.

AT(SA) AT(SA) is a skills-based accountancy qualification and membership designation offered by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA). The designation promotes the theory and practice of accountancy and offers prospects a solid foundation in accounting, finance and business practice. AT(SA) qualifications are designed against global standards and are quality assured by SAICA to ensure relevance to the South African workplace. AT(SA) is accessible to aspirant accountants who operate at foundational business levels.

September m

Spring is here. But there are a few funnies in September. Here is one I never knew about (Wiki):

The southern Meteor Shower:

The Taurids are an annual meteor shower, associated with the comet Encke. The Southern Taurids originated from Comet Encke, while the Northern Taurids originated from the asteroid 2004 TG They are named after their radiant point in the constellation Taurus, where they are seen to come from in the sky.

Encke and the Taurids are believed to be remnants of a much larger comet, which has disintegrated over the past 20,000 to 30,000 years, breaking into several pieces and releasing material by normal cometary activity or perhaps occasionally by close encounters with the tidal force of Earth or other planets.

In total, this stream of matter is the largest in the inner solar system.

Since the meteor stream is rather spread out in space, Earth takes several weeks to pass through it, causing an extended period of meteor activity. The Taurids are also made up of weightier material, pebbles instead of dust grains.

month: a lot!

The day of the programmer

Did we really believe that ‘new’ things cannot creep up on us?

The Day of the Programmer is an international professional day that is celebrated on the 256th (hexadecimal 100th, or the 28th) day of each year (September 13 during common years and on September 12 in leap years).

It is officially recognized in Russia.

The number 256 was chosen because it is the number of distinct values that can be represented with an eight-bit byte, a value well-known to programmers. 256 is also the highest power of two that is less than 365, the number of days in a common year This particular day was proposed by Valentin Balt and Michael Cherviakov (aka htonus), employees of Parallel Technologies (a software company).

As early as 2002, they tried to gather signatures for a petition to the government of Russia to recognize the day as the official Day of the Programmer.

On July 24, 2009, the Ministry of Communications and Mass Media (Russia) issued a draft of an executive order on a new professional holiday, Day of the Programmer.

On September 11, 2009, President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev signed the decree

IT IS ILLEGAL FOR ANYONE

UNDER THE

AGE OF 18

YEARS TO PURCHASE,

POSSESS

AND CONSUME

ALCOHOL

NEGATIVE

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL

ABUSE ON LEARNERS ALCOHOL ABUSE HAS NO RIGHTFUL PLACE ANYWHERE

IN SOCIETY, ESPECIALLY IN SCHOOL

ENVIRONMENTS WHERE LEARNERS SPEND MOST OF THEIR LIVES.

GAUTENG LIQUOR LICENSING OFFICE

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE ON LEARNERS ALCOHOL ABUSE HAS NO RIGHTFUL PLACE ANYWHERE IN SOCIETY, ESPECIALLY IN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTS WHERE LEARNERS SPEND MOST OF THEIR LIVES. CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOL ABUSE HIGH-RISK SEX Alcohol abuse in teenagers results in high-risk sex, unprotected sex and sex with multiple partners.

SEXUAL ASSAULT Sexual assault including rape occurs most commonly among women due to high consumption of alcohol.

ABUSE Harmful use of alcohol is a major contributor to violence both at schools and in the communities.

SUICIDE Alcohol use interacts with conditions such as depression and stress which contributes to suicide which is the third leading cause of death among people between the ages of 14 and 25.

IT IS ILLEGAL FOR ANYONE UNDER THE AGE OF 18 YEARS TO PURCHASE, POSSESS AND CONSUME ALCOHOL. Remember, you DO NOT NEED drugs or alcohol… it’s OK NOT to drink!

For any Liquor related issues please contact: Matlotlo House 94 Main Street Johannesburg Tel: 011 355 8000

Energy - again! - Energy When we talk energy mix, what do we really mean? And who can we compare to? Let us try these three countries: Denmark, China and Germany. How do they stack up against South Africa: Population GDP (PPP) SA: 57,7 million $742 bn Denmark 5,8 million $286 bn China 1,4 trillion $25,2 trillion Germany 82,8 million $4,2 Trillion So, Denmark is roughly 1/10 of SA in population, but 40% of SA in GDP. China is the biggest economy in the world and the most populous. Germany is the fifth largest economy in the world. But what do we see in term of energy mix?

Let us just get few terms correct: Base load is a term we hear a lot. It is easy to define: “The base load on a grid is the minimum level of demand on an electrical grid over a span of time” (Wiki). So we are really looking at what must be available at all times.

Unvarying power plants have been tasked with this job. These are historically coal, gas or nuclear power plants. However, there is no technical necessity for this. Historically, unvarying power plants would be preferred (never mind the cost) as these are – exactly – unvarying. They do not depend on the wind, the sun, tidal or anything except their feed – coal, gas or nuclear.

Although different measures are implemented, the truth is: coal is not green! Oil will run out as it is already doing in some oil-producing countries.

Nuclear will not run out of fuel any time soon, but the safety aspects tend to bump up the price.

So what are other countries doing?

mix in different countries Denmark (Wiki):

In 1972, 92% of Denmark’s energy consumption came from imported oil.

The 1973 oil crisis forced Denmark to rethink its energy policy. The 1979 energy crisis pushed further change, and in 1984 the North Sea natural gas projects began. The North Sea production of oil and gas made Denmark self-sufficient in 1997, peaking in 2005, and decreased below self-sufficiency by 2013. In 2015 Denmark produced 89% of its energy consumption.

In February 2011 the Danish government announced the “Energy Strategy 2050” with the aim to be fully independent of fossil fuels by 2050. In 2012 the Danish government adopted a plan to increase the share of electricity production from wind to 50% by 2020 and to 84% in 2035.

Base load can indeed be achieved outside of coal and oil. Copenhagen plan to be carbon neutral by 2025.

Energy - again! - Energy m China (Wiki):

We are talking big numbers now. China has developed rapidly and that has put pressure on energy production as consumption has sky-rocketed.

It is not only family usage of electricity but industry as well.

So let us look at it:

Ensuring adequate energy supply to sustain economic growth has been a core concern of the Chinese government since 1949. According to IEA the primary energy use grew 40% and electricity use 70% from 2004 to 2009.

The country is the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, with carbon emission growth of 44% from 2004 to 2009. However, from 2010 to 2015 China reduced energy consumption per unit of GDP by 18%, and CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by 20% Sounds incredible? Look at that spike in carbon emission again.

China is also the world’s largest renewable energy producer.[7] China is the largest producer of hydroelectricity, solar power and wind power in the world.

China consumes more coal than any other country. Its share of the world coal production was 48% in 2009 and 28% in 2000.

Coal use in the world increased 48% from 2000 to 2009. In practice, the majority of this growth occurred in China and the rest in other parts of Asia. In China, Coal usage doubled between 2003 and 2007.

mix in different countries Analysis in 2016 shows that China’s coal consumption appears to have peaked in 2014.

China is the world’s leading renewable energy producer. China has been investing heavily in the renewable energy field in recent years. In 2012, China invested $65.1 billion in clean energy, fully 30% of the total investment by the G-20, including 25% of global solar energy investment, 37% percent of global wind energy investment.

The major renewable energy source in China is hydropower. Total hydro-electric output in China in 2009 16.6% of all electricity generated. The country already has the most hydro-electric capacity in the world, and the Three Gorges Dam is currently the largest hydro-electric power station in the world, with a total capacity of 22.5 GW. It has been in full operation since May 2012.

By 2016 the number of operating nuclear reactors was 32 with 22 under construction and other dozen to start construction this year.

There are plans to increase nuclear power capacity and nuclear power percentage, bringing the total electricity output to 86 GW and 4% respectively by 2020.

Plans are to increase this to 200 GWe by 2030, and 400 GWe by 2050. China has set an end-of-the-Century goal 1500GWs of nuclear energy, most of this from fast reactors.

Conclusion: It is complicated

Energy - again! - Energy m Germany (Wiki):

Small(er) in size but heavy in industrial capacity. Their energy history is fascinating:

exporters of oil to Germany.

Germany is one of the largest consumers of energy in the world. More than half of its energy is imported. The country is the fifth-largest consumer of oil in the world. Russia, Norway, and the United Kingdom are the largest

Germany is the world’s largest natural gas importer, as 22.6% of its primary energy use comes from gas. Gas comes from Russia via the Nord Stream. Because of its rich coal deposits, the country has a long tradition of using coal. It still is the fourth-largest consumer of coal in the world.

The main source of electricity is coal. By 2015, the growing share of renewable energy in the national electricity market (26% in 2014) and the government’s mandated CO2 emission reduction targets ( 80% below 1990 levels by 2050) have increasingly curtailed previous plans for new, expanded coal power capacity.

Nuclear power in Germany accounted for 17.7% of national electricity supply in 2011, compared to 22.4% in 2010.

mix in different countries Within days of the March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Merkel’s government announced that it would close all of its nuclear power plants by 2022 and Eight of the seventeen operating reactors in Germany were permanently shut down following Fukushima.

Chancellor Angela Merkel said the nuclear power phase-out, previously scheduled to go offline as late as 2036, would give Germany a competitive advantage in the renewable energy era, stating, “As the first big industrialized nation, we can achieve such a transformation toward efficient and renewable energies, with all the opportunities that brings for exports, developing new technologies and jobs.

Germany has been called “the world’s first major renewable energy economy”. In the first half of 2012 25.1% of Germany’s electricity supply was produced from renewable energy sources, more than the electricity generated by nuclear power stations.

In 2016 renewable energy based electricity generation almost reached the 30% mark. That makes Renewables the most important energy source in Germany for three years in a row. Wind was the leading source at 12.3%, followed by biomass at 7.9% and solar PV at 5.9%.

The government has set the goal of meeting 80% of the country’s energy demands from alternative energy by 2050.

Judge yourself now!

Australia Myth: The Hanging Rock

The Hanging Rock Mystery

The theories on this one range from an UFO abduction to an accidental time travel incident.

A group of schoolgirls visited Hanging Rock one Valentine’s Day in 1900, disappeared and were never heard from again. But as it turns out the story was fabricated by an author, Joan Lindsay in 1967, in a book called ‘Picnic at Hanging Rock’.

The story even tells of a professor who went missing along with the girls, and the eventual finding of one of the girls. As people read the book, the urban myth developed and other stories were created around the girls’ disappearance.

The author never confirmed whether the story actually happened or not, and deliberately left the book ending open-ended. In fact the final twelve pages of the book, which constitute the last and twelfth chapter, were published after the author’s death.

The story places a great deal of emphasis on clocks and time, and this maybe the reason time travel was linked to the mystery.

HOW TO CHOOSE YOUR CAREER Knowing yourself and your capabilities

Choo se Subj your ects

Care Plan er ning

eer Car ice o ch

For you to pursue your career choice.

You need to pass your Nationa l Senior Certi ficate!

The Eastern Ca pe Department of Education enco urages learners to choose suitable career path, by collecting inform ation that will he lp them pursue their career / field of study.

“it is in your hands “ - Nelson Rolihl

ahla Mandela

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