Hola mahigh school july 2018

Hola MaHigh School Volume 7, issue 7, July 2018

IT IS ILLEGAL FOR ANYONE

UNDER THE

AGE OF 18

YEARS TO PURCHASE,

POSSESS

AND CONSUME

ALCOHOL

NEGATIVE

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL

ABUSE ON LEARNERS ALCOHOL ABUSE HAS NO RIGHTFUL PLACE ANYWHERE

IN SOCIETY, ESPECIALLY IN SCHOOL

ENVIRONMENTS WHERE LEARNERS SPEND MOST OF THEIR LIVES.

GAUTENG LIQUOR LICENSING OFFICE

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE ON LEARNERS ALCOHOL ABUSE HAS NO RIGHTFUL PLACE ANYWHERE IN SOCIETY, ESPECIALLY IN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTS WHERE LEARNERS SPEND MOST OF THEIR LIVES. CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOL ABUSE HIGH-RISK SEX Alcohol abuse in teenagers results in high-risk sex, unprotected sex and sex with multiple partners.

SEXUAL ASSAULT Sexual assault including rape occurs most commonly among women due to high consumption of alcohol.

ABUSE Harmful use of alcohol is a major contributor to violence both at schools and in the communities.

SUICIDE Alcohol use interacts with conditions such as depression and stress which contributes to suicide which is the third leading cause of death among people between the ages of 14 and 25.

IT IS ILLEGAL FOR ANYONE UNDER THE AGE OF 18 YEARS TO PURCHASE, POSSESS AND CONSUME ALCOHOL. Remember, you DO NOT NEED drugs or alcohol… it’s OK NOT to drink!

For any Liquor related issues please contact: Matlotlo House 94 Main Street Johannesburg Tel: 011 355 8000

Contents 06 Editors letter 07 Poem 08 We need writers 10 Contributors 11 Holler at us 12 Masiziba at university 16 Food security: Don’t waste 22 Renewable energy: Biofuel

Contents 25 Quotes 26 OPEC+ 32 Status on wind power 34 Status on solar power 38 The month of July 40 New data storage: DNA 44 A wonderful conspiracy 46 Next issue

Editor’s Letter July - also my favourite month. School is out and everything seems a lot easier.

This time we focus on energy. Status on wind and status on solar. We had our series on energy (thanks to Masiziba), but time has gone and it is time to see what has moved.

Surprisingly! Many things have come online, but it is in the efficiency rather than inventions area.

Masiziba is continuing her series on university. Learn from her.

But we also look at the next generation storage medium.

ZETABYTES anyone?

OPEC+ is the latest new word. But ther is a stark reality behind all of this.

And the best: Harry Potter facts! Find the wand and do magic today.

GOOD READ

Sybil

Time for poems:

Not long now. The days are changing Solstice. been there. Druids and fun The end of the holidays. Back to work The last sprint. The new sprint. the slog depending. But I know. the end is closing in on me.

Is it the end of the beginning? or how the end starts?

I know. I will arrive. In style

Sybil

We need writers!

Our writers are growing up and getting older That is og course good. BUT.... it means they are leaving us Therefore: would you like towrite for us?

What is required?

That is easy You have to be in grade 10-12 Impeccable in your preferred language-and that might not be English. We try to be more than just English Passionate about your topic of choice no dull articles here

Do you get anything out of it?

Well, not money, sorrry. BUT if we publish your articles you will have: Your bio in a commercial magazine A photo of yourself You can put it all on your CV you can use us as a reference ... and it goes in your portfolio

Is it important?

YES it is.

Look what Rofhiwa said: My name is Rofhiwa and I love to write.

I think I am rather decent writer too.

I took my talent and have used it to express my thoughts on international dealings of the world which have been published in Hola MaHigh-School. It has paid off, not only is my work printed for young people in the country to read, but it also contributed to me gettng a bursary from CNBC-Africa to do my post-graduate studies. Would be a lot harder to get by if I didn’t have platform like Hola MaHigh-School.

What

Email

me o

to do

?

n iva n co.za @romele . : nam e scho Cell n ol E-ma umber ... and il addres s we w ill tal k!

Meet our contributors I am Masiziba Hadebe. I study a BSc in Agricultural Economics at the University of the Free State. I am originally from a small rural town in Mpumalanga, Balfour. My hardworking trait proves that anyone, regardless of the background, can make it. I love plants and animals. During leisure, I read anything readable and interesting. Writing is and will always be my passion, I would starve food just to write!

Pinky Rapoo is a creative writer by nature and not yet by profession.She lives in Vosloorus and is currently in grade 12 at Vosloorus Comprehensive SecondarySchool. Listening to music is her hobby,writing is her passion. Her motto is “Think twice before speaking,think three times before acting and think thoroughly before writing”.

My name is Marcia Ramodike, a 20 year old young lady from Limpopo at Lenyenye. I am doing my second year law degree at the University of the Free State and I am also an author of a book entitled from an empty pride to a full price which is touch based on issues that affect black families such as black tax. I am very passionate about writing. It is actually my first love. I love chilling indoors while reading books and novels; I am a fun, loving person who always smiles and care about other people. My favourite quote is “when the caterpillar thought it was the end of the world it turned into a butterfly “.

HOLLER AT US Hola MaHigh-School

The stuff we need to mention:

Editor & Publisher Sybil Otterstrom sybil@romele.co.za

Website www.romele.co.za

Advertising sales Next level Management services cc 011 614 5046 076 360 1792 sybil@next-level.co.za Publlishing Romele Publications cc 32 Eleanor street Troyeville 2094 011 614 5046/076 360 1792

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Enquiries Romele Publications cc 32 Eleanor Street Troyeville 2094 Production and Art Direction Ivan Otterstrom ivan@romele.co.za Distribution On-The-Dot Printing United Litho

follow us on Twitter @holamahigh When you post your comments here, it will go to the website

Level of difficulty at university increases as the academic year increases.

Second year has been nothing short of what I term a “level up�.

This year, particularly the first semester, I had to find my way around academics.

I had to adapt to the requirements of the second academic year.

The exam set up and the questions challenged me to think and apply more of what I was learning and being taught. I had to analyse, understand and grasp even

more quantities of information that I had to convert to my knowledge.

This is because of the National Qualifications framework (NQF) level which is used in South Africa to arrange learning levels that one can attain after successful completion. The further one increases their level of study (as you move from one grade to another) the NQF level increases.

The South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) has been using this framework since the NFQ Act, No 67 of 2008. There are 10 levels of learning achievement, and every registered South African qualification needs to specify its NQF level – basically, what it will teach the student and enable him or her to do in terms of acquired skills.

The NQF focuses on a list of ‘applied competencies,’ so each NQF level signifies a specific standard of intellectual and academic skills, including problem-solving abilities and learner autonomy. So, the higher the NQF level of your qualification, the more intellectually skilled you are (at least within this specific academic measure).

Hence, it is important to understand where you are and where you want to be, because there are specific requirements that one has to meet in order to be accepted into a higher institution of their choice and NQF level required. Research is important, ask teachers, email university representatives and call.

Masiziba Hadebe.

Voted in the top 10 of the most strikingly architecturally beautiful museums in the world, Freedom Park is breathtakingly spectacular. A vantage point that offers visitors a spectacular panoramic view of our city and beyond, visitors are guaranteed to stand in awe at the contrasting view, offering the opposites of our world.

Lauded for its effortless beauty, Freedom Park is the perfect hidden venue for all events, as people escape the bustle of the city and enjoy the serenity and peace of the surrounding nature. Amidst the enchanting architecture, Freedom Park helps create unforgettable memories.

Why not experience it for yourself! www.freedompark.co.za | call: +27 12 336 4000

What is Freedom Park?

This is all from their website: Freedom Park celebrates South Africa’s heritage. It is a centre of knowledge aimed at deepening the understanding of the nation. It strives to accommodate all of the country’s experiences and symbols to tell one coherent story.

Freedom Park is a national and international site that celebrates the ideals of liberty, diversity and human rights.

Freedom Park is a cultural institution housing a museum and a memorial dedicated to chronicling and honouring the many who contributed to South Africa’s liberation. The museum aims to preserve and narrate the story of the African continent, and specifically South Africa, from the dawn of humanity, through pre-colonial, colonial and apartheid history and heritage, to the post-apartheid nation of today. It is a long walk, spanning some 3.6 billion years.

Vision To be a leading national and international icon of humanity and freedom.

Mission To provide a pioneering and empowering heritage destination in order to mobilise for reconciliation and nation building in our country; To reflect upon our past, improving our present and building our future as a united nation; and To contribute continentally and internationally to the formation of better human understanding among nations and peoples; The Freedom Park cultural precinct: • Advocates for tolerance, inclusivity, transparency, and accountability; • Archives and preserves South Africa’s indigenous knowledge; • Tells the South African story as it unfolds; • Honours those who gave their lives for South Africa’s freedom; • Provides a place where visitors can experience the diversity of our history and remember loved ones who played a role in the country’s history; • Provides a venue where South Africa’s unique heritage and cultures can be remembered, cherished and celebrated; • Fosters a South African community spirit, by being a symbol of unity through diversity; and, • Works with African and other international institutions to tell the story of Africa from an African perspective.

s a W ’t

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Food outlets in food security It is often satisfying to order a plate of food in a food outlet, whether in a township or island somewhere, however, there is a number of diverse challenges faced by various restaurant owners especially considering whether they are contributing to food security or not.

Firstly, it has to be known how much leftovers are left per week (on average) and what happens to those left-overs. There are different types of leftovers: There are the raw ingredients that go uncooked (usually the result of purchasing an excess of ingredients); there are the individual components of dishes, like sauces, mise en place, etc., which are cooked but go unserved; and there are the uneaten leftovers or table scraps from a customer’s plate.

Additionally, the options available for food outlets to distribute leftovers should be readily available and in a way accessible to

them. For instance, the obvious one is distributing leftovers to soup kitchens.

However, soup kitchens will have to be initiated and sustained by other stakeholders who will provide numbers of the beneficiaries. In addition, since some restaurant owners are sceptical about distributing leftovers to soup kitchens (assuming that beneficiaries might get sick), have to be protected by policies. However, conversely, opponents (welfare organisations), may suggest that it will open doors for malice behaviour such as deliberate poisoning etc.

Interestingly, Christo and Suzette are the first South African restaurant owners to implement a zero waste system, another option available to restaurant owners. They use an industrial composting machine from Green Genie to convert all their raw and cooked organic waste (leftovers) into compost in what Suzette describes as a very clean process.

This compost then goes back into the earth to provide the nutrients in the soil where their next batch of vegetables will be grown. This system may also provide additional revenue instead of philanthropic actions such as a soup kitchen unless the compost is distributed freely to charity organisations that may use the compost beneficially.

Moreover, Co-Founders Tessa Cook and Saasha Celestial wanted to create a marketplace where users could interact and exchange unwanted, yet perfectly edible food (leftovers). Bakeries, retailers and neighbours can quickly and easily post items available for collection.

Any surplus food, either wet or dry is welcome. It is also an excellent resource for schools, care homes and other institutions to take in what others do not need.

Wasting food - w Another option is the App OLIO, which aims to connect people to distribute their leftovers adequately, and restaurants can use it too. The golden rule of OLIO is for the restaurant owner to ask him or herself: is this food that I am willing to eat? If the answer is yes, then it is welcome in the marketplace. Items such as fresh vegetables, dry goods like beans or rice, cooked meal leftovers, leftover cake or even raw ingredients that are nearing their sell by date, but will still be good for a few days.

The perfect time for restaurants to use OLIO is after hosting big events or celebratory events if restaurants host such.

Additionally if there is a planned electricity outage in the area and the fresh food is not wanted to go to waste, it can be conveniently used. Research should be done whether or not the app supports the area(s) the business is in.

Belinda Lombard, owner of a restaurant franchise explained that using the WasteStation (another option) was simple. “Leftover kitchen food waste [excluding oil and meats] is thrown into the WasteStation, and within seconds is macerated into a fine consistency,” she said. Lombard claims that the restaurant managed to reduce 350 litres of food waste to 50 litres in 40 minutes. The WasteStation is capable of handling up to 700kg of food waste per hour.

The macerated food is then drained of excess water, stored in an airtight container and treated with bokashi bran – a product made using bran that has been infused with micro-organisms that assist in fermenting food. This is left to ferment before it is transformed into a rich compost which is used on the restaurant’s

wasting resources vegetable garden.

Bronwyn Jones, owner of Bokashi Bran, the company that produces the product, explained that the benefits of using bokashi bran with macerated food waste is that the waste did not rot and, therefore, did not smell, ensuring that no flies were attracted. This according to Jones, was one of the main reasons Mugg & Bean, Lonehill and her other customers used the Bokashi Bran system bins. The idea that waste collection costs will be reduced by using the system is based on the fact that food waste treated with bokashi does not rot and smell and, therefore, does not have to be collected on a daily basis as is required by law for any establishment selling food to the public.

The system has also been approved by the Joburg Environmental Health Department for use in commercial kitchens. Townsend, general manager of Tinswalo Property Group which manages the Lonehill Shopping Centre said, in the long run, the WasteStation system would drastically reduce the centre’s food waste, however, she was not able to confirm how much this would reduce their refuse removal costs.

With all these available options available for food outlets, it is important for each restaurant owner to identify their own preferred method. However, it is visible that leftovers have the potential to be put to good use and contribute to food security.

Masiziba Hadebe.

Renewable: more th Renewable is more than just wind and solar. Let us see what Wiki says: “Based on REN21’s 2017 report, renewables contributed 19.3% to humans’ global energy consumption and 24.5% to their generation of electricity in 2015 and 2016, respectively. This energy consumption is divided as 8.9% coming from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (modern biomass, geothermal and solar heat), 3.9% hydro electricity and 2.2% is electricity from wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass” Despite the hype, we need to look at one number here: Biomass.

8,9% of energy consumption from biomass? 4 times wind and solar?

What is this, really?

Biofuel is than win solar - fa is it the s bullet?

Says Wiki: “Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes. Renewable biofuels are made through the use or conversion of biomass (referring to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials). This biomass can be converted to convenient energy-containing substances. This biomass conversion can result in fuel in solid, liquid, or gas form. This new biomass can also be used directly for biofuels”.

Biofuels seems to be the trigger here.

Wiki: “Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostly from carbohydrates produced in sugar or starch crops

han wind and solar such as corn, sugarcane, or sweet sorghum. Cellulosic biomass, derived from nonfood sources, such as trees and grasses, is also being developed as a feedstock for ethanol production.

Ethanol can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a gasoline additive to increase octane and improve vehicle emissions. Bioethanol is widely used in the United States and in Brazil.

s bigger Biodiesel can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a diesel additive to nd and reduce levels of particulates, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons from diesel-powered vehicles. Biodiesact - but el is produced from oils or fats using transesterification and is the most common biofuel in Europe. silverBiodiesel and ethanol mix are regulated and mandatory in now many countries. But we need to ask ourselves: is there a catch here? After all, a wind turbine does not need fuel. A solar plant does not to be transported. The electricity grid is done once and for all. Is it the silver bullet?

Food or Fuel?

Where does it really come from?

Do we use plants we could have eaten to make fuel for cars? Do we then make world hunger worse? Yes, the trend was to use soy beans and so on, that could have been used for human consumption. Farmers could have been incentivised to rather grow things for biofuel than for human consumption. And then we are surely losing out.

Let us also look at the production of biofuel: It needs to be grown.

That means fertilizers and water. Then it needs to be harvested (a tractor requires fuel? Yes?). Then it needs to be processed in a plant of some sorts. Next step is the transportation of the fuel to the petrol stations. The last piece is that when it gets ‘burned’ the emissions are indeed CO2 as usual. Sure this is CO2 that is stored in the plants anyway, but does it really match up?

The alternative, oil, is pumped from underground, whereas biomass has to be grown. The size of the areas to be used for biomass are actually quite huge. Says http://biofuel.org.uk/biofuel-facts.html : The amount of land required to meet the world’s energy needs using biofuels is a major concern. Depending on the feedstock, the requirements can be massive. The following numbers reflect the amount of land that would be needed to meet the requirements Jatraopha would need to be planted over 27 million square kilometers just to meet all fuel demands. An area that vast would cover all of Russia and the United States and still need a little more room.

Algae would require an area of 680,000 square kilometers, or all of France plus some.

So the calculation may not really make this feasible after all. Although biomass burns cleaner, it is not a silver bullet

The quote of the month: ... and I trust I do not get into trouble with any copyrights!

Oil! Again ... or rather energy, actually Here is the latest: Saudi and Russia are very much together now in terms of regulating and impacting the oil production. OPEC used to be the dominant player and although associated with the Middle-East countries, it was not exclusively so.

Russia is getting a total of 24 oil producers together to form the OPEC+ (or Super OPEC). OPEC currently has 14 members.

But let us just look at some figures. Then world production is +/80 billion barrels per day (BBD). OPEC is producing 35,2 BBD. That is some 44% But is this now it? Not really.

Saudi: 10.4 = 12.90% Iran: 4.0 = 4.96% Iraq: 4.5 = 5.58 Russia: 10.5 = 13.03% US: 8.9 = 11.04% China: 4.0 = 4.96% Canada: 3.7 = 4.59% Notice something funny? US and Canada together produces some 15% of all oil in the world, but it goes to domestic consumption.

US is a net importer of oil (nearly all Mexico’s oil is exported to the US). That takes US and Canada out of the equation. They don’t feature in the global oil management (except on the import side, but that is something else).

China? Domestic consumption. Net importer. Out of the game as well.

Saudi and Russia together? That is the big thing. Two countries sitting on 26% on all oil production (and in this context: exports).

Now see the picture! But are they good friends? They are now and that is where it becomes really hectic.

So let us look at the magic of the oil price: If the oil price is sufficiently low, it is not economically sound to invest in solar and wind power (or fracking for that matter). New oil fields are too costly to start. That means reliance on the existing oil producers = Saudi and Russia! If the oil price is high, solar and wind will be alternatives and they will stay there, producing electricity.

Conclusion: Saudi and Russia can manipulate the market to their advantage. But who are the net importers?

EU: 11,6 (14,4% of world production) China 8,4 (10% % of world production) US 7,0 (9.0%% of world production) India 4,9 (6.0% % of world production) Again: Russia and Saudi can dictate the world order if they should feel like it. But EU is more than oil imports? Yes and this is the fuller picture: Natural gas is the missing link here: World production: 957 trillion cubic meters Russia produces some 184 trillion cubic meters = 20% EU imports 420 trillion = 44% The best part of the Russian gas goes to EU. Conclusion: Russia is the next biggest economic super power in this world!

Siberia: the power house (from Wiki) Siberia is rich and largely untapped. The area is vast and hardly populated. Of course we see the northern parts with tundra and eternal frost and so on. But Siberia is also desert and hot like in Asia hot – it borders on China after all.

Siberia has the largest deposits of coal, gold, diamonds, silver and a lot of other minerals. It is all there!

On top of, the oil and gas reserves are largely unknown but predicted to be the largest in the world. Let us just hold it there for a mo! Gas is of course exported to Europe. Oil? Well, Middle-east countries are running out of reserves. UAE is planning for a future without oil income. More will follow.

So that leaves Siberia as the dominant player in the market. Whichever way we turn, oil will still be a substantial part of electricity generation in Europe and that is the only market which matters. 70% of Russian oil fields are in Siberia.

The Sea of Okhotsk is one of the two or three richest fisheries in the world owing to its cold currents and very large tidal ranges, and thus Siberia produces over 10% of the world’s annual fish catch.

OK, here are some horror scenarios for the future: Russia (and that is Putin btw) will have the upper-hand on Western Europe due to EU’s reliance on Russian gas and oil imports. Russia expands and evolves into the net importer of technology and beats even India and China in software and consumer goods production (cars etc). This is combined with the political dominance we see in Syria and former USSR countries Siberia declares independence! Highly unlikely, but it is worth a Tom Clancy book, probably. Russia will immediately start a civil war on it.

Putin becomes too dangerous militarily for the rest of the world. Too many border violations in the North Sea and Atlantic. Too much high-end military equipment exported too many places.

China and India get nervous. Tom Clancy again.

Conclusion: whoever sits in Siberia will dictate the world order!

We provide loans and bursaries to students at all 26 public universities and 50 public TVET colleges throughout the country.

Status on wind Time to look at wind powered electricity generation. This is just as amazing. The input to this is from Wiki and http://gwec.net/global-figures/wind-energy-global-status/ Numbers first: “25 April Brussels – The Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) released its Global Wind Report: Annual Market Update today, showing a maturing industry successfully competing in the marketplace, even against heavily subsidized traditional power generation technologies. More than 52GW of clean, emissions-free wind power was added in 2017, bringing total installations to 539 GW globally.

With new records set in Europe, India and in the offshore sector, annual markets will resume rapid growth after 2018.

“Wind power is leading the charge in the transition away from fossil fuels; and continues to blow away the competition on price, performance and reliability”, said Steve Sawyer, GWEC Secretary General. “Both onshore and offshore, wind power is key to defining a sustainable energy future”.

What does it mean?

Wiki: “Since 2010 more than half of all new wind power was added outside the traditional markets of Europe and North America, mainly driven by the continuing boom in China and India. At the end of 2015, China had 145 GW of wind power installed.

In 2015, China installed close to half the world’s added wind power capacity.

Several countries have achieved relatively high levels of wind

d power 2018 power penetration, such as 39% of stationary electricity production in Denmark, 18% in Portugal, 16% in Spain, 14% in Ireland and 9% in Germany in 2010. Wind power’s share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 3.1%.

Although the majority of power plants are still fossil-powered, the trend in Europe and China has turned. THAT is what it means.

Why is that so? Global warming and cost. It is simple stuff. With the goal of reducing the average temperature by 1-2 degrees, something has to happen. Renewable is the only answer we have.

Wind power is matured but the break-through will happen in two areas: Storage of electricity (batteries for the lack of a better word) and higher wind turbines.

The last is immensely important: If the turbine can get into a height of some 300 – 400 m, the wind is practically constant. It is not just upscaling as there are engineering challenges. However, these can be overcome.

The coming wind parks will be off-shore (North Sea) and not pose risk to bird migrations or produce ‘un-aesthetical” views.

not the primary energy source.

That is what it means.

Wind power will the provide the base load and coal-powered plant will be in addition,

Status on Solar It is time to look at a status. This is status on solar power 2018.

Something must have changed since we looked at the renewable energy area last.

The input to this article is Wiki and from https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/print/volume-21/issue-1/features/solar/solar-in-2018-better-technology-record-breaking-installations.html

By By Junko Movellan, Correspondent It is clear that with global warming and the focus on switching off fossil power plants (coal!), the switch must be to solar and wind. We look at solar in this article.

Technology is simple. There are no outstanding scientific discoveries required for getting solar powered plants to go. The production costs and the technology itself will improve and that seems to be the driving factors.

Let us look at numbers first: The world electricity consumption is +/-16,850 GW. Solar is now supplying some 303 GW = 1.8% of the total energy consumption.

This may not sound impressive, but it is very varied among countries. The top countries in solar powered electricity production (GW) are: China: Japan: USA: Germany: Italy: India:

130.6 48.6 42.9 42.4 19.7 19.3

The absolute leader in installations and technology is China.

r Power 2018 Says the analyst Movellan: “Solar PV is becoming cheaper than ever. Almost every month, a new industry “low” is set and broken.

In September 2017, the U.S. Department of Energy announced that the U.S. solar industry had achieved the 2020 utility-scale solar cost target of US $0.06/kWh, three years ahead of schedule and is moving toward the 2030 goal of $0.03/kWh. The following month, a solar tender for a 300 MW PV plant in Saudi Arabia was bid at the low price of US $0.179/kWh. This record was soon broken in Mexico with solar at $0.177/kWh November.

Solar has become one of the least expensive options for new power generation and is lower than the cost of most fossil fuel-powered generators, enabling solar installed capacity to expand faster than any other fuel.”

This is significant insofar as we are only looking at industrial solar parks. The rapid expansion in solar powered geysers for households must be taken into account.

That trend is linked to one simple thing: saving costs, i.e. the electricity bill. Switching off the geyser and replacing the heating with solar power can impact as much as 50% of the monthly electricity bill in South Africa. And this is where we will see that technology will reduce the initial costs dramatically.

Projections for 2018 and beyond? Here is my personal one: 10% of electricity from solar in 2020 and 15% in 2030. Why not higher? Difficult to store the electricity, wait for the break-through in battery storage.

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Call us and we’ll show you why Gauteng in South Africa is the perfect location to bring your big idea to vibrant, colourful life.

Month of July - A lot, but h World Population day is an annual event, observed on July 11 every year, which seeks to raise awareness of global population issues. The event was established by the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme in 1989. It was inspired by the public interest in Five Billion Day on July 11, 1987, the approximate date on which the world's population reached five billion people. World Population Day aims to increase people's awareness on various population issues such as the importance of family planning, gender equality, poverty, maternal health and human rights.

The day was suggested by Dr KC Zachariah in which population reaches Five Billion when he worked as Sr Demographer at World Bank.

While press interest and general awareness in the global population surges only at the increments of whole billions of people, the world population increases by 100 million approximately every 14 months. The world population reached 7,400,000,000 on February 6, 2016; the world population had reached 7,500,000,000 at around 16:21 on April 24, 2017.

here are two of them (Wiki)

Nelson Mandela International Day (or Mandela Day) is an annual international day in honour of Nelson Mandela, celebrated each year on 18 July, Mandela’s birthday. The day was officially declared by the United Nations in November 2009, with the first UN Mandela Day held on 18 July 2010 It is one person who ranks right up there among the icons of the world – throughout the centuries.

It is possible to associate with Nelson Mandela because he was a human being, prone to make mistakes. The big thing is, he was not afraid of admitting it.

Nelson Mandela stood for something. He had conviction and integrity. And the last part defined him.

THAT is probably why he is right up there.

Enough said!

Science: data storage Cloud computing, data, petabytes, digital media! Well, we are running out of space, lietrally, as a global data society.

Now let us face it. We produce a lot of digital data. In 2017, the amount of pics stored amounted to all pics done in all the preceding years. Just as one small example.

Wiki says: “In a more limited study, the International Data Corporation estimated that the total amount of digital data in 2007 was 281 exabytes, and that the total amount of digital data produced exceeded the global storage capacity for the first time.

According to analysts (https://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Meeting-the-demand-for-data-storage) the growth in storage demand is 50% pa. This is industry data. If we try to calculate ‘personal’ data that is stored in the cloud, I don’t even know where we go.

In essence: We are running out of space and the way we store things are just not optimal for the data revolution.

“Data storage technology will be required to supply over 19 Zeta bytes( ZB) of storage space by 2025 to meet growing data storage requirements, said a recent study by International Data Corporation (IDC).

1ZB equals 1 trillion GB and only 5.5ZB of storage media was required globally in the last decade.

e! we are running out The study noted that the total data generated globally would reach 163 ZB, fuelled largely by the widespread use of embedded devices and artificial intelligence that constantly monitor data.

The study observes that while the last decade was marked by data generation through smartphones and social media, the next decade will be led by embedded devices� – This is from: https:// www.business-standard.com/article/international/data-storagedemand-to-multiply-four-fold-by-2025-117070500271_1.html.

By: Romita Majumdar | Mumbai Last Updated at July 5, 2017 14:34 IST. The cloud is a great concept, but with the amount of data generated, where will it be physically after all?

Look at this video here:

It is an example, but probably not the only one.

So where can we go for more efficient data storage?

Read on and be amazed.

DNA - the storage of We may think this is a bit speculative. However, it is now becoming reality. What is so attractive about DNA? Well, first of all, it is rather small. But what does Wiki say about the very basics of DNA: “Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix.

The two DNA strands are composed of four nitrogen-containing nucleobases (cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A] or thymine [T]), a sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases of the two separate DNA has be polynucleotide strands are bound together, according to base pairing rules (A with T and C with for the last G), with hydrogen bonds to make double-strandedyears, It’s n DNA. The sugar-phosphate binding is a back-bone to be obsol to hold it all together.

The base-pairing can be encoded. That is where the information is stored, really. Now it is not 0 and 1’s on a disk anymore.

10,000 yea

So, if we take a long strand of DNA and ‘read’ it from one end to the other, it is like reading a ticker-tape. Yes, but …. And that is where science comes in. First of all to ‘construct’ a piece of DNA is not simple. Next is the reading of it, which is not simple either.

DNA is not just a long string. DNA curls up on itself and in nature (YOU!) the way it curls up is also important in genetic science. Trigonometry is important here.

So, how far are we: Microsoft has managed to make a file of 200MB and read it without any encoding errors. Great.

What is the best ‘decoding’ machine? Anyone? Ribosomes! Get the biology book out now. Here is the clue:

the future - maybe?

DNA gets transferred into RNA (single-strand DNA – sort of). mRNA is the piece carrying the coding. tRNA carries the protein building blocks. Ribosomes start reading and pairing the information with the sequence of molecules to form the requested protein.

Simple stuff. Hardly ever any errors.

Here is my bet. We will see an intermediate phase where we will construct DNA strings as carriers of information and mechanical devices to read it. Within the next 5-10 years, an ineen around formation unit will be a self-contained entity based on DNA/RNA and reading is from ribosomes. They t 3.5bn will interface directly to quantum computers where not going the unit will not be digital but base pairs. It will be into having 16 or 32 base pairs (instead lete even in enhanced of 4) in 20 years time, which will mean a quantum ars. leap in computing power.

Anyone better with tea leaves than me?

Harry Potter facts all from https://list25. com/25-harry-potter-facts-that-will-knockyou-off-your-broomstick.

The actress who played Moaning Myrtle was 37 years old at the time “Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets” was filmed.

She is the oldest actress to ever portray a Hogwarts student.

Contrary to popular belief, the ‘t’ at the end of Voldemort is silent.

The name comes from the French words meaning “flight of death.”

Probably the most impressive of Harry Potter facts is that J.K. Rowling is the first person to become a billionaire (U.S. dollars) by writing books.

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