Hola
MaHighSchool Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2020
s i g n i
r p S
! e r e h Brexit
Corona Update
Vaccines
FEBRUARY SCI-BONO 01 - 28 COMPETITION: First Tech Challenge
D I S C O V E R Y C E NGrade T R8-12 E
EVENTS CALENDAR
2020
11 INTERNATIONAL DAY: Women and Girls in Science Public & Learners 13 CAREER CENTRE: Careers in Manufacturing Focus Day Grades 9 - 12
MARCH 09 - 13 / FOCUS WEEK: 16-20 Water Week Grades 5 - 9 21 - 29 HOLIDAY PROGRAMME: Plant Health Holiday programme Public & Orphanages 22 INTERNATIONAL DAY: World Water Day Public & Learners 23 - 27 SPECIAL PROGRAMME: Amateur Rocketry Course Grades 11
APRIL SCHOOL TERMS TERM 1: (13) 15 Jan - 20 Mar WEEKS: DAYS: PUBLIC HOLIDAYS: SCHOOL DAYS:
10 48 (50) 0 48 (50)
TERM 2: 31 Mar – 12 Jun WEEKS: DAYS: PUBLIC HOLIDAYS: SCHOOL DAYS:
11 54 4 50
TERM 3: 7 Jul – 18 Sep WEEKS: DAYS: PUBLIC HOLIDAYS: SCHOOL DAYS:
11 54 1 53
TERM 4: 29 Sep – 2 (4) Dec WEEKS: DAYS: PUBLIC HOLIDAYS: SCHOOL DAYS:
10 47 (49) 0 47 (49)
TOTALS WEEKS: DAYS: PUBLIC HOLIDAYS: SCHOOL DAYS:
42 203 (207) 5 198 (202)
15 - 16 CAREER CENTRE: Industry site visits - Automotive Grades 9 - 11 15 - 21 EXTERNAL EXPO: Sci-Fest 19 - 28 EXTERNAL EXPO: Randshow 28 - 29 CAREER CENTRE: Campus tours Grade 9
MAY 04 FOCUS WEEK: ICT Grades 8 - 12 09 EXTERNAL EXPO: Yebo Gogga 11 - 15 CAREER CENTRE: Grade 10 Presentations and workshops Grade 10 13 EXTERNAL EXPO: Zulu Fest 17 - 28 CAREER CENTRE: Grade 12 Presentations and workshops Grade 12 18 - 22 CAREER CENTRE: Grade 11 Presentations and workshops Grade 11
JUNE
13 JUN - HOLIDAY PROG 5 JUL Theme TBC Public & Orpha
22 - 26 SPECIAL PROG Amateur Rock Grade 11
29 JUN - SPECIAL PROG 03 JUL Amateur Rock Grade 11
JULY
29 JUN - SPECIAL PRO 03 JUL Amateur Rock Grade 11
14 - 15 CAREER CEN Gateway to th Digital Career Grade 9
18 INTERNATION Sci-Bono Nels Public & Lear
TBC FOCUS WEEK (JUL/AUG) National Scien
AUGUST
03 - 07 CAREER CEN Grade 8 Prese Grade 8
10 CAREER CEN Careers in Ag Grades 9 - 11
13 - 14 CAREER CEN Girl Learner P Grades 9 - 11
17 - 21 EXTERNAL EX Sasol TechnoX
TBC FOCUS WEEK (JUL/AUG) National Scien
SEPTEM
01 CAREER CEN Careers in Ma Grades 9 - 11
04 CAREER CEN RCLs & Youth Debates Grades 9 - 12
19 - 27 HOLIDAY PRO Space Holiday Public & Orph
21 - 25 SPECIAL PRO Amateur Rock Grade 11
28 EXTERNAL EX Scopex
GRAMME:
anages
GRAMME: ketry Course
GRAMME: ketry Course
OGRAMME: ketry Course
NTRE: he Future rs in 4IR
NAL DAY: son Mandela Day rners
K: nce Week
NTRE: entations and workshops
NTRE: griculture Focus Day
NTRE: Programme
XPO: X
K: nce Week
MBER
NTRE: anufacturing Focus Day
NTRE: h Roundtable Dialogues and
OGRAMME: y Programme hanages
OGRAMME: ketry Course
XPO:
OCTOBER 02 CAREER CENTRE: National Careers Dress Up Day Science Fair Grade 7 05 - 09 FOCUS WEEK: Transport Grades 4 - 11 09 CAREER CENTRE: Grade 7 Presentations and workshops Grade 7 12 - 13 CAREER CENTRE: Industry site visits Steel & Manufacturing Grades 9 - 11 TBC COMPETITION: (OCT/NOV) Mental Maths Grade 3
NOVEMBER 02 - 06 FOCUS WEEK: Early Explorers Week Grade R - 3 10 INTERNATIONAL DAY: World Science Day Public & Learners TBC COMPETITION: (OCT/NOV) Mental Maths Grade 3
DECEMBER 05 DEC - HOLIDAY PROGRAMME: 10 JAN THEME TBC 2021 Public & Orphanages
JANUARY 2021 05 DEC - HOLIDAY PROGRAMME: 10 JAN THEME TBC 2021 Public & Orphanages
FEBRUARY 2021 04 - 28 FOCUS WEEK: Enquiring Minds Programme Grades 1 - 3
QUARTERLY SPECIAL PROGRAMME: Speak to a Scientist Public
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR LABORATORY: Dow Chemistry Lab All Grades LABORATORY: Festo Lab All Grades LABORATORY: Life Sciences Lab All Grades LABORATORY: MST Shows All Grades LABORATORY: MST Workshops All Grades LABORATORY: Birthday Parties All Grades LABORATORY: Team Buildings All Grades SPECIAL PROGRAMME: Electronics Club Grades 10 - 11 COMPETITION: First Lego League Grades 5 - 7 CAREER CENTRE: Grade 9 Presentations and workshops Grade 9 CAREER CENTRE: Psychometric assessments By appointment only CAREER CENTRE: Therapy and counselling By appointment only CAREER CENTRE: External expos By invitation EXTERNAL EXPO: Jerk - Wheel Way Project - GDAARD
ONGOING EXTERNAL EXPO: SAASTA/DST outreach programmes
e t n o C e l b Ta of
Editor’s Letter
06
Contributors
10
Covid update
11
Vaccine - closer
14
1918: Lessons?
22
Generic vs. clones
24
Where ae we? if anywhere
Month of September
28
ent
August - 2020
Medications: plants
30
Brexit - again
34
Movies in September
38
Music - new beats
40
Yeti vs Bigfoot - Myth
42
We need writers
44
Next issue
46
Holler at us
47
Sybil Otterstrom Editor and CEO
Spring is here! At least something worth celebrating. School is still a mystery and the usual activities are just as much a mystery. This month we look at medication. Generic vs. clones vs the real deal. That is also a mystery. We have an update on Covid vaccine. That is not too mysterious though. The international thing? no more US elections. Brexit is back on the radar, and that is going to be a mystery. Look forward to Masiziba’s articles. Those are not a mystery after all. We have the usual as well: movies, music and Month of September. Stay safe until next time.
Sybil
Tshwane South Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Do you youhave havea aGrade Grade 9 certificate or higher? Have decided Do 9 certificate orEducation higher? Have you you decided College operating under the Department of Higher and which career path to follow? Training thepath fourthto largest TVET College in terms of enrolwhichbecame career follow? ments in 2018. Over and above that thethe College managed to attainVocational - NC (V) and Well choose National Certificate Well don’t don’tlook lookany anyfurther further choose the National Certificate Vocational - NC(V) the fifth rank in the 2019 T119 national results. The College was also start studying for your career path? and start studying for your career path.for the fields of Meselected as one of the Centres of Specialisation chanical Fitter, and Fitting and Turning, Electrician, Boilermaking and What is National Certificate Vocational NC(V)? Millwright 2017. What isinNational Certificate Vocational (NCV)?
TheNational NationalCertificate Certificate Vocational NC(V) is aand new and modern qualification The Vocational (NCV) is a new modern qualification offered
Employing ±470 staff TVET members, theTVET College aims to2007. equip students offered at Tshwane South College since offered at Tshwane South College since January It isJanuary offered at2007. LevelsIt2,is3 and 4 with the skills required by the job market and has Alumni that work of National Framework are equivalent to Grades 10, 11 and at the Levels 2, 3Qualifications and 4 of the Nationalwhich Qualifications Framework which are for renowned Engineering companies like WBHO, to name but a few.
12. It is regarded as one of quality andas high knowledge pro- skills, equivalent to Grades 10,the 11high andskills, 12. Ithigh is regarded one of the high grammes that provides experience of the workplace environment and is intended toof high quality and high knowledge programmes that provides experience Under the auspices of Department of Higher Education Training, the directly respond to the priority. This qualification will also provide you an opportunithe workplace environment and is intended to 9directly College targets learners who have completed their Grade to 11 forrespond to the priority. ty to be admitted higher studies is subject appropriate NC (V) courses as wellatas learners who haveyou completed their Gradetoto 12be This qualification will alsoeducation provide an that opportunity admitted subject at higher combination. for NATED/Report 191 programmes. education studies that is subject to appropriate subject combination.
Duration of the qualification: The College offers Report 191 programmes N1 to N6 in Mechanical, Duration of the qualification: Civil and Electrical Engineering, N4 to N6 Management Assistant, FiNCV isManagement aisthree yearyear qualification offered at 2, 3inand Each4.level takes a full NC(V) a three qualification offered Levels 2, 4. 3 and Each level takes nancial and Hospitality Studies. NCLevels (V)atL2-L4 Electrical year of study. A student is issued with a certificate on the successful completion of a full year Construction, of study. A Engineering student isand issued with a certificate Infrastructure Related Design, Informa- on the successful each level of of study. tion Technology, Tourism, Officeof Administration, Civil Construction and completion each level study. Hospitality. Learnerships are also offered at the College. At TSC TVET we offer the following NC(V) programmes: At TSC TVET we offer the following NC (V) programmes:
Tshwane South TVET Currently comprises of the following Campuses: Atteridgeville, Centurion, •• Finance, Finance, Economicsand andAccounting Accounting Economics Odi and Pretoria West.
•• Office Office Administration Administration • Information Technology Computer Scienceskills of its Hospitality students The College’s campus in Centurion isand famed for the Science culinary • Information Technology and Computer •• Civil Civil Engineering Building Construction and for having the best machinery for practical engineering training workshops. Atteridgeville Engineering & &Building Construction •• Electrical Electrical Infrastructure Construction Campus is known for its Civil Engineering. Pretoria Infrastructure Construction West is offering Engineering for both Report 191 and Engineering NC (V) andand hasand been identified as an Engineering Report 191 and for Engineering and IT •• Engineering Related Design Related Design courses. The Odi campus, in Mabopane, is acclaimed for its NC (V) Tourism Programme. •• Hospitality Hospitality •• Tourism Tourism
Want to be part of the fourth industrial revolution let TSC TVET assist you to achieve the future! LIL\17619086
COURSES OFFERED AT TSHWANE SOUTH TVET COLLEGE NATIONAL CERTIFICATE VOCATIONAL *L2 - L4 : • • • • • • • •
Tourism Hospitality Information Technology & Computer Science Civil Engineering & Building Construction Electrical Infrastructure Construction Engineering & Related Design Office Administration Finance Economics & Accounting
PRE LEARNING PROGRAMME • PLP – Pre Learning Programme (NEW)
REPORT 191: GENERAL STUDIES *N4 - N6 : • Intro Business Studies N4 • Intro Catering services N4 • Management Assistant • Financial Management • Hospitality Studies
REPORT 191: NATURAL SCIENCE (ENGENEERING STUDIES)
*N4 - N6 :
• Electrical, Mechanical & Civil Engineering
SKILLS PROGRAMME • • • •
Clothing Production Artisan Training Gandhi – Mandela Centre of Specialisation for Artisan Skills (NEW) Centre of Specialisation for tting & turning (NEW)
LEARNERSHIP • Early Childhood Development • Community House Building • Building and Civil Construction CAMPUS CONTACT DETAILS:
General Enquiries: 012 401 5000 Atteridgeville: 012 373 1200 Centurion: 012 660 8500/1 Pretoria West: 012 380 5000 Odi: 012 725 1800
Tshwane South TVET College has been selected as one of the Centres of Specialisation for the elds of Mechanical Fitter and Fitter & Turning.
FOR MORE INFORMATION VISIT : www.tsc.edu.za
FOLLOW US: @OfficialTshwaneSouthCollege/ @tsc_tvet @tsc_tvet
Meet our contributors Masiziba Hadebe is a final year Agricultural Economics student at the University of the Free State (UFS). She is driven to make a change and is a passionate volunteer for community projects. She loves reading and writing about science, agriculture and anything in between. She believes you can wear a smile whatever the weather! My name is Marcia Ramodike a 22 year young lady from Limpopo Tzaneen at lenyenye. Besides being a student at the university of the free state i am also an author. I am passionate about writing and i live to give hope and wish to change the world. I love reading and in most of my time i write my favourite book is ‘Her Mothers Hope by Francine Rivers and favourite quote is when the caterpillar thought it was the end of the world it turned into a butterfly Lesly Malose Mahapa is a singer/writer/poet. He started writing at the age of 14 and has since been on a journey to pursue his music and writing career. Lesly is currently working with an indie group ‘MozSouth’ based in Ivory park, Midrand. Lesly is also a brand ambassador for a local clothing line “Boi Boi apparel”
Breaking News! Sci-Bono is re-opening! The re-opening of the centre is on 25th August 2020 The entrance fee has been reduced by 25% off during the lockdown period. Adhering to COVID-19 safety regulations, the centre will only accommodate 50 visitors per session. No Mask No Entry!! We are looking forward to hosting you!
Generic, clones and vaccines where are we There are many things happening in the world of medication. We look at the confusing terms ‘generic’ and ‘clone’ and why it is so. It is a complex issue and far beyond just copying a recipe. We talk money and that is always a factor when we look at medication. This is potentially not only money, but very big money. We also have an update on the status of vaccine for Vovid-19. There are now many different organisations in the race. It looks as though there are not going to be only one ‘winner’. There will be many different approaches to something that can work. Time is of essence, and the danger is to introduce something that will just make it all worse. This is a time consuming task but has to be done. Let there be no mistake, Covid-19 is scourge hitting us in an unprecedented way. It is something the modern world is simply not geared to combat. But the experience of 1918 is still there. The big question is: can we draw some lessons? And if so, what could they be?
Microsoft Teams Training Join Sci-Bono ICT Academy as we host a series of free, live, online webinars designed to get you going with Microsoft Teams. Interact with our instructors and get answers to all your questions as they guide you through the sessions on the following Microsoft Teams Basics: Getting Started With Teams (Microsoft Teams Platform) Date Tuesday, 25th August 2020
Time
Link
1st Session 10:00am – 11:30am
The registration link will be sent before the date of the training
Manage Meeting & Start Chats Date
Time
Link
Wednesday, 26 August 2020
2 Session 10:00am – 11:30am
The registration link will be sent before the date of the training
th
nd
Creating Teams, Cannels, Calls & Files Date
Time
Link
Thursday, 27 August 2020
3 Session 10:00am – 11:30am
The registration link will be sent before the date of the training
th
rd
Click on the link below to join the session: Register here to get for Session and Microsoft Teams Register here to get the the link link for Sesion and Microsoft Teams Getting Started Manual: Getting Started Manual: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWevzofwfEhEwd9BYgvj0bdYiC-fp7h2qAPJORhEHhgjs45A/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWevzofwfEhEwd9BYgvj0bdYiC-fp7h2qAPJORhEHhgjs45A/ viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1
Follow the link below to access the official Microsoft Teams Training Resources: Follow the link below to access the official online Microsoft Teams https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/microsoft-teams-video-training-
Training Resources: https://support.office.com/en-us/article/microsoft-teams-video4f108e54-240b-4351-8084-b1089f0d21d7?ui=en-us&rs=en-us&ad=us
training-4f108e54-240b-4351-8084-b1089f0d21d7?ui=en-US&rs=en-US&ad=US
Covid-19 vaccine status A range of countries are pooling their resources and making money available. Wiki: “The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) – which is organizing a US$2 billion worldwide fund for rapid investment and development of vaccine candidates -indicated in April that a vaccine may be available under emergency use protocols in less than 12 months or by early 2021” This is probably the earliest we can expect a safe and efficient vaccine. Six candidates are now going into the last test phase – phase III. The six top candidates are using very different technologies. Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo, product developed in Russia, has been registered by 11 August. However, the clinical test data has not been released as of yet. This is important as it will give the globe the chance to evaluate the vaccine. Wiki: “Gamaleya’s vaccine candidate is a viral vector vaccine based on human adenovirus — a common cold virus —
fused with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to stimulate an immune response”. This is tested technology; hence the speed with which it has gone through developments. Oxford University and Astra Zeneca: Here we are looking at a vaccine that will attack the ‘spikes’ of the Corona, limiting its ability to penetrate not living cells. It is coming from Moderna: The technology is brand-new. It is mRNA – messenger RNA – that is injected. It is not a full piece of DNA, but only the bit that can encode cells to recognise the spikes of Corona and provide immunity. It is now in phase III where some 30,000 people will be enrolled in the trials. CanSino Biologics: A traditional vaccine based on animal trials and developments. It is aimed at going into Phase II trials with 40,000 enrolled. BioNTech: Brand-new technology. The company is focused on providing medication for cancer treatment and vaccines for virus-based diseases. It is gain technology based on usage of mRNA technology. Sinovac Biotech Ltd: Here we are looking at some tried and tested technology. It is based on chemically-inactivated Covid-19 virus. It will be recognised by the host, where the host will provide the ani-bodies etc. As the virus is inactivated, it cannot infect a person. Inovio Pharmaceuticals: The technology platform is new. Engineered DNA will be injected and the host cells will produce specific T-cells and antibodies which will fight off the virus. Complete artificial DNA vaccines are new and the trials will show it safety in humans.
Into the trials now closer, but still far
There are plenty of new initiatives and it is encouraging that phase III trials ar where the danger comes in.
When we are looking at numbers of 100 million doses made available within
The consequence of an unsafe vaccine when looking at these numbers, migh like ‘… and do no harm’. Meaning, don’t hurt the patient.
Can a vaccine go wrong? There are a few examples and the worst one is prob
Thalidomide was approved in Germany in 1957. It was designed as a cancer t also claimed to cure ‘morning sickness’. In 1961 the amount of birth defects at birth.
Phase III trials: This is the last step before a vaccine is declared approved and the vaccine for some and placebo for others. There is more to it, but this is th
By nature it has to be lengthy due to amount of people involved. The data ga
Is it always just a formality? Wiki: “As of 2010, about 50% of drug candidates agency. For vaccines, the probability of success ranges from 7% for non-indu Doing a rush-job is not in the interest of anybody.
The result of Phase III is a massive report which FDA and others can use for t time and bandwidth of serious researchers and authorities.
But can it be speeded up? Not really, although if a vaccine is deemed as likel a chance as some technologies are now traditional and the success rate deem
re now attempted. However, ‘cutting corners’ might be results and that is
n a short space of time, we can only hope (and trust) that the vaccine is safe.
ht be worse than the disease. And after all the Socrates oath has something
bably the case of Thalidomide.
treatment and against several skin diseases.The horror began when it was was finally recognised. 10,000 babies were born with defects and 40% died
d certified. It is gathering a huge group of people (10,000+) and providing he essence.
athered is huge and it has to be analysed. It takes time!
either fail during the Phase III trial or are rejected by the national regulatory ustry-sponsored candidates to 40% for industry-sponsored candidates�
their approval (or rejection) of a vaccine. Just reading the thing takes a lot of
ly to produce, it can be given to select groups. This is not necessarily taking med sufficient to issue a temporary approval. However, there no guarantees.
PROGRAMMES OFFERED DHET TVET College Bursary Scheme (Terms and Conditions apply)
PRE-VOCATIONAL LEARNING PROGRAMME (PLP) Duration: 1 year Entry Requirements: Passed Grade 9 (did not pass placement evaluation test)
OFFERED AT SPRINGS CAMPUS ONLY • • • •
Foundational English Foundational Mathematics Foundational Science Foundational Life Skills
NCV NQF LEVEL (2-4)
KWA-THEMA CAMPUS
BRAKPAN CAMPUS
Requirements:Completed & Passed Grade 9, 10 or 11 Duration 1yr per level
•
Electrical Infrastructure
•
Financial Management
Construction
•
Marketing Management
Engineering and Related Design
•
Management Assistant
BENONI CAMPUS •
Management (Wholesale & Retail)
•
Office Administration
•
(Mechanical) •
Process Plant Operations
SPRINGS CAMPUS
ARTISANS & SKILLS DEVELOPMENT CENTRE
•
Finance, Economics & Accounting
•
•
Marketing
•
Construction (NQF Level 2-4)
Information Technology &
•
Computer Science •
Tourism
•
Hospitality
Civil Engineering & Building
•
Financial Management
•
Marketing Management
•
Tourism
•
Hospitality
Learnerships, Skills Programmes &
DAVEYTON CAMPUS
Projects
•
Mechanical Engineering
•
Electrical Engineering
REPORT 191 (N4 – N6)
DAVEYTON CAMPUS CENTRE OF SPECIALISATION IN BOILERMAKING
SPRINGS CAMPUS
Requirements: Completed & Passed Grade 12 Duration Trimester/Semester
BENONI CAMPUS
KWA-THEMA CAMPUS •
Mechanical Engineering
•
Electrical Engineering
•
Civil Engineering
ICT OPEN LEARNING SPRINGS CAMPUS
•
Financial Management
•
Electrical Infrastructure Construction
•
Marketing Management
•
Engineering and Related
•
Management Assistant
•
ICDL
Design (Mechanical)
•
Human Resource Management
•
MS Digital Literacy
•
Electrical Engineering (N1 – N3)
•
CISCO IT Essentials
•
Mechanical Engineering (N1– N3)
•
COMP TIA N+
Tel: (011) 730 6600 | Fax: (011) 736 9909 | info@eec.edu.za | www.eec.edu.za @EkurhuleniEast
@EECTVETCOLLEGE
@EKURHULENIEASTTVETCOLLEGE
PROGRAMMES OFFERED DHET TVET College Bursary Scheme (Terms and Conditions apply)
STUDY FULL TIME OR PART TIME
ENGINEERING SCHOOL BENONI CAMPUS N1-N3 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING N1-N3 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
KWA-THEMA CAMPUS N4-N6 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING N4-N6 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING N4-N6 CIVIL ENGINEERING
DAVEYTON CAMPUS N4-N6 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING N4-N6 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Tel: (011) 730 6600 | Fax: (011) 736 9909 | info@eec.edu.za | www.eec.edu.za @EkurhuleniEast
@EECTVETCOLLEGE
@EKURHULENIEASTTVETCOLLEGE
PROGRAMMES OFFERED DHET TVET College Bursary Scheme (Terms and Conditions apply)
STUDY FULL TIME OR PART TIME
BUSINESS SCHOOL - N4-N6 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT (BENONI, BRAKPAN, SPRINGS) - N4-N6 MARKETING MANAGEMENT (BENONI, BRAKPAN, SPRINGS) - N4-N6 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (BENONI) - N4-N6 MANAGEMENT ASSISTANT (BENONI, BRAKPAN)
SCHOOL OF CREATIVE & SOCIAL SERVICES (N4-N6 FULL TIME) - N4-N6 TOURISM (SPRINGS ONLY) - N4-N6 HOSPITALITY (SPRINGS ONLY)
Tel: (011) 730 6600 | Fax: (011) 736 9909 | info@eec.edu.za | www.eec.edu.za @EkurhuleniEast
@EECTVETCOLLEGE
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higher education & training Department: Higher Education and Training REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
SCH OO L F O EERING GIN EN DAVEYTON CAMPUS
ENGINEERING STUDIES
OL OF ENGINE HO ER SC IN
G
KWA-THEMA CAMPUS
N3
SS NE SI
BU
SPRINGS CAMPUS
O SCHO L | SCH OO L
F O
S CE VI
Trimester 3 registration starts: Classes commence:
17 August 2020 07 September 2020
22 June 2020 13 July 2020
DOCUMENTS REQUIRED
ESS SCHOOL SIN BU
BRAKPAN CAMPUS
20 April 2020 11 May 2020
Semester 2 registration starts: Classes commence:
ENGINEERIN G OF N1 OL HO
BENONI CAMPUS
Trimester 2 registration starts: Classes commence:
BUSINESS SCHOOL SCHOOL OF CREATIVE & SOCIAL SCIENCES
SC
IVE & SOCI EAT AL CR SE R
SCHOOL ESS SIN U B
REGISTRATION DATES...
1. Student ID certified copy (x3) 2. Parent(s) / Guardian ID certified copy (x3) 3. Proof of address (x3) i.e The student's home address and not a box number. If a student comes from KZN, Limpopo, Soshanguve, etc the address must be from he/she comes from. Proof of address could be: 3.1 Certified Letter from the Local Municipality bearing the Municipality logo 3.2 Municipality bills receipt certified 3.3 Any retail shops certified statement such as Edgars as an example but not a bank statement 3.4 A letter from the traditional leader if coming from a village. The letter must bear the signature of the traditional leader and a stamp from the tradition leader. 4. Certified proof of income of parent(s) /Guardian (x1) 5. Student's bank statement (x1) 6. Lease agreement (x1) signed by both the student and the property owner 7. Certified Parent(s) Death Certificates (x1) 8. Certified student's results (x3) NB: ALL DOCUMENTS MUST BEAR A CERTIFICATION STAMP NOT OLDER THAN 3 MONTHS TO APPLY ONLINE:
https://eecapp.eec.edu.za/pls/prodi03/gen.gw1pkg.gw1startup?x_processcode=ITS_OAP
TEL: (011) 730 6600, WEBSITE: www.eec.edu.za, EMAIL: info@eec.edu.za
1918: The S
Can we learn It is easy to claim that the 1918 pandemic can be compared to what we go through right now. After all, the 1918 pandemic was global, high mortality rate and infected millions. All of that said, is it a fair comparison? Can we learn something from 1918? Let us recap a few things first (inspired by Wiki). 1918 flu was a strain of H1N1 flu. It infected (probably) some 500 million people (one third of the world population at that time) and killed anything between 17 and 50 million people. Case Zero is typically claimed to be on 4 March 2018 in a cook in the US Army barracks preparing to sail for Europe to join Word War I. The cook was obviously in contact with a lot of people and within days 552 people were infected. In April 2018 it had spread to Europe via the US troops and now it infected the best part of Europe. Asia was not spared. June saw the first cases in China. It was now a global pandemic. But there is more to this. It had four distinct waves with different characteristics.
Spanis Flu
n something? Wave 1 (early 1918) was comparable to a severe flu outbreak, but not greatly different from seasonal flu. It typically attacked the elderly and the sick. Wave 2 (late 1918) was the one we typically associate with this pandemic. This wave typically killed the young. The spread was aided by troop movements as WWI ended, the Russian revolution movements of populations (and troops), the exchange of populations across Europe and so on. No quarantine or isolation were possible and it just escalated. Wave 3 and 4 saw the pandemic fading away. Why so deadly? A couple of factors. Soldiers in their prime got infected and because their immune system was gong full force, it caused a cytokine storm. That is where the immune system goes into over-drive and is killing tissue as well. This is where a lot of the direct flu deaths came from. All of this combined with poor hygiene (difficult in the trenches of a war), malnourishment, overcrowding in camps and the typical problems associated with population movements created the conditions for additional infections. So although the N1H1 flu was deadly it was not extremely deadly in itself. It just opened the way for the classical bacterial infections in the likes of TB, typhoid, Cholera and so on. ‌ and that is why it is difficult to compare to what we have now
generic and clones Let it be said: we are talking billions here. Pharmaceuticals are not charities so let us have a look at how the world works. This is all inspired by Wiki and quotes are clearly marked. Any type of medication must be proven to be effective and not harmful. That means that the development time is long as such testing takes time. It can even be into years. The average approval time is about two years. Thereafter, a competent authority must approve the medication. FDA from the US is perhaps the biggest organisation controlling and certifying medication. It is the reference for many other countries as it has the ‘muscle’ to perform the task of scrutiny and testing. That is why FDA approval is essential to anyone developing a new drug. European Medicines Agency (EMA) is the EU equivalent. The aim is to ensure that a developer need not apply for approval in every member state.
But what is the cost then of developing a new drug? Average is $2,4 billion (2014). It includes both research, development, approvals and everything else. In essence: from idea to hitting the shelves. Comparison: The average development cost of a new car is $1 billion. It can be up to $6 billion or more. Let us take this comparison further: If anyone should build a car identical to say Rolls-Royce Cullinan (calling it Rolls-Rumble Koh-I-Noor), well, they would be sued – fast. But what about drugs? Insofar as a new drug is made from chemical substances that (by and large) anyone can manufacture and the recipe is not a secret, there is really no protection for the original developer. So, how do they recoup their money? Spending $2 billion on research for others to benefit and out-compete them is not fair. This is where the patent comes in. Typically the original developer is afforded 20 years of protection. That should ensure that the original developer can make a profit and afford to continue developing drugs. After all, not everyone has the start-up money for these things. It is not just the development cost of a drug. It is also the development costs of the drugs that turn out not to be good, or not approved, or downright failures. There are many products that never see the shelves and that also needs to be financed.
Clones! and a lot more on generics ... and money
Generic drug is really a horrible term. It does not describe what it is. Let us therefore unpack it. When a patent runs out, other manufactures can produce a similar drug. It has to have the same active ingredients as the original, but it can of course look different in terms of taste, colour and shape. They are still regulated to ensure that they are identical to the original. The price for generic is typically far lower than for the original product and that is where medical aid schemes encourage the dispensing pharmacy to suggest the usage of generic medication. Insofar as there might be several companies manufacturing a specific drug after the patent has lapsed, we see competition among the generic drug manufactures.
All in all, medication will get much cheaper and that means affordability for a lot more people in need. We may ask ourselves if this is ‘real’ money? India is one of the top countries in manufacturing and exporting generic medication. The value of the Indian export alone is some $20 billion. That is real money. Is the world of pharmaceuticals then original manufacturers on one side and the rest on the other side when the patent has lapsed? Not really. In comes the clone. A clone is (essentially) the original product, manufactured by the developer, but marketed under a different name and sold after the patent lapse. It is 100% identical to the original (coming out of the same extruder!). Confusing? Not really either. The original manufacturer, the developer, typically has a huge marketing budget and can afford to run a couple of product lines. One for the original product and another (or more!) lines which will now directly compete with the companies doing the generic product. Rather have additional income from also doing a clone than just looking on other people’s generic drugs. Next time at the pharmacy, ask the right questions. Are pharmaceuticals big? 7th biggest company in the world: UnitedHealth – turnover $242 billion Johnson & Johnson: Revenue: $82 billion Roche: Revenue: $57 billion Bayer: Revenue: $51 billion Pharmaceuticals are indeed big business.
Month of September Software Freedom Day (SFD) is an annual worldwide celebration of Free Software organized by the Digital Freedom Foundation (DFF). SFD is a public education effort with the aim of increasing awareness of Free Software and its virtues, and encouraging its use.
SFD was established in 2004. Since 2006 Software Freedom Day has been held on the third Saturday of September. ber Remem Each event is left to local teams around the world to . is organize. Events themselves varies between conferences Canonical Ltd m co explaining the virtues of Free and Open Source Software, privately held nde to workshops, demonstrations, games, planting tree cer- company fou ican en emonies, discussions and InstallFests South Afr rth to Shuttlewo rt and The primary sponsor from the start was Canonical cial suppo and Ltd., the company behind Ubuntu. Other sponsors are: for Ubuntu DKUUG, Google, Red Hat, Linode, Nokia and now Makerstrug Bot Industries Although there.
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Hobbit day Hobbit Day is used for September 22 in reference to its being the birthday of the hobbits Bilbo and Frodo Baggins. Bilbo was born in the year of 2890 and Frodo in the year of 2968 in the Third Age (1290 and 1368 respectively in Shire-Reckoning.) Tolkien Week is the week containing Hobbit Day. Due to the discrepancies between the Shire calendar and the Gregorian calendar there is some debate about when to celebrate Hobbit Day, since the actual birthday would be between September 12 and 14 the Gregorian calendar, as explained in the appendices of The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Ring opened with a celebration of Bilbo’s birthday. It was a large party with food, fireworks, dancing and much merriment.
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Some Tolkien fans celebrate by having parties and feasts emulating the hobbit’s parties. Other fans celebrate by simply going barefooted in honor of the hobbits, who don’t wear shoes. Some schools and libraries use this as an opportunity to pique interest in Tolkien’s work by putting up displays and hosting events.
Pharmaceuticals coming from plants and animals It is very interesting to know that some of the vaccines we use and medications we take are from plants and animals. That has been the practice for generations. The question is, what is happening now? Especially where the plants are termed as Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) and animals being treated with antibiotics. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), there is a new possibility of the production of vaccine antigens in genetically modified plants which can then be extracted and purified by conventional methods. All this is done in the lab. Generally, there are three classical types of vaccine production methods: the egg-based vaccines, cell-based vaccines and directly from the source, e.g. a plant or an animal. The most common example of eggbased vaccine is the influenza vaccine produced in 9-to-12-day-old embryonated eggs. This conventional method has been applied for over 60 years and it involves the injection of virus particles into the eggs and further incubation for several days to allow the replication of virus particles. In order to produce a vaccine, the antigen isolated from the purification process of the eggs containing vaccine virus would undergo additional procedures.
Wiki: Cell-based vaccines are developed from mammalian cell lines. The candidate vaccine virus strain will replicate using the mammalian cells. Next, the virus is extracted from the cells in the liquid culture, purified, then tested or modified for the specific vaccine being produced. Cell-based antigen production may offer a faster and more stable production of vaccines compared to embryonic chicken eggs, which produce 1-2 vaccine doses per chicken egg. Medication originating from animals and plants are termed Crude Drugs as they are derived from the natural sources e.g. from plants, minerals and animals. One popular example is aspirin. Aspirin is created in a lab from the naturally occurring polyphenol salicylic acid — a compound found in plants including white willow, wintergreens and birch. Three out of four common medications include animal-derived ingredients, according to a study in the British Medical Journal. These methods are all well-tested and known. They produce and are generally safe bets. The future may be artificially created DNA and RNA coded for specific reactions, but that will be for another time. It is clear however that plants and animals are essential in medication and vaccination plans. This has left me with a lot of questions. What does this mean for vegetarians and more interestingly for food security (using up all the eggs as an example)?
Masiziba Hadebe
What is NSFAS?
The National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) is a government entity under the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET)
What does NSFAS do? Supports access to and success in, higher education and training for students from poor and working-class families who would otherwise not be able to afford the cost of studies at a public university or Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college. • Provides financial aid to eligible students who are studying or plan to study at any of the 50 TVET colleges or the 26 public universities in South Africa • Identifies students who qualify for the bursary • Provides bursaries to students
Who qualifies for NSFAS funding? • All South African citizens • All SASSA grant recipients • Applicants whose combined household income is not more than R350 000 per annum • Persons with disabilities with a combined household income of not more than R600 000 per annum • Students who started studying at a university before 2018 and whose household income is not more than R122 000 per annum
What does the NSFAS bursary cover?
• Registration • Tuition • Book allowance • Accommodation allowance • Transport allowance • Food allowance • Personal care allowance
Does the NSFAS bursary offer any additional support for students with disabilities? Yes, NSFAS further supports funded students with disabilities through an additional allowance that covers: • Medical assessments • Assistive devices • Human support to cover for the cost of a caregiver, guide dog, scribe or tutor.
How, where and when can one apply for NSFAS? The 2021 application season will be communicated through media, social media and the NSFAS website www.nsfas.org.za. Applications are submitted online through the NSFAS website: www.nsfas.org.za
To apply for NSFAS funding students must have a registered myNSFAS account. If you plan to study in 2021 and require support from NSFAS, you may open your myNSFAS account now to keep updated with the latest funding information.
Connect with us using the following channels: National Student Financial Aid Scheme
myNSFAS
myNSFAS
NSFAS Connect: www.nsfas.org.za and log into your myNSFAS account NSFAS Connect gives you access to quick facts and frequently asked questions. Applicants and students can also submit and track a query for further assistance.
Brexit - nearly there Amidst all the Corona stuff, we do have a few other developments, Brexit being one of them. UK left EU by 31 January 2020. But it is not over yet. We are in the ‘transition phase’ which is the 11-month window for UK and EU to sort out how to work together in the future. The real end to it is 1 January 2021. Either there is a set of agreements on multiple areas or UK is on its own. Boris the PM is adamant that UK must leave the customs union and the EU Single Market. It has been spelled out that UK wants to be able to do trade deals and agreements themselves without having to obey EU regulations. Is this important? It sounds a bit dull. EU is insisting that UK must adhere to environmental and labour laws among others. Without this, UK can (in theory) export banned products to Europe. Example: Chlorine-washed chicken. US is washing fresh chicken in Chlorine to kill harmful bacteria etc. That is banned in Europe. If UK has an agree-
ment with US to allow such import from US and a free access to Europe, UK can then flood Europe with a banned product. That is why EU is insisting on adherence to base rules, protecting European consumers. Is this a silly example? Not really. UK wants a close cooperation with US, allowing UK products easy access to US markets. US wants to have access to UK markets. This access is currently blocked as EU has different rules for what a safe product is. A product may be OK in US, but banned in Europe (the chickens). If UK is to pursue a ‘deal’ with US, allowing banned products access to UK, UK cannot be allowed access to European markets. In a no-deal scenario, UK goods will not only be lumbered with tariffs, but certain UK products will be banned. That will hurt UK export badly. Is this the only example? There are several other examples pertaining to more than just US, but let us look at another two areas. US is squeezing UK on the access of US-made SUV’s. Certain SUV’s are banned in Europe as not adhering to safety standards. US wants to be able to export to UK. Certain US pharmaceuticals are banned in Europe. US wants to export to UK and gain a slice of the NHI procurement in the UK (which is big money). UK is at a crossroad now. Time to choose.
Consequences It is easy to list all the things that will be different in the UK after 1 January 2021. There are two major areas which will define the years ahead. UK alignment to USA Boris the PM seems to be following the lead of President Trump. Clear indications are the ejection of Huawei in the UK 5G network, the rumblings about sanctions on China and the UK stance on Europe. If we look at President Trump’s stance on Europe, it is one of confrontation and bullying. The abrupt ending of some 13,000 US troops in Germany (without even telling Germany) is a case in point. Trump’s threats of sanctions against all and sundry for trading with China and other measures (or countries) are worrisome. If the UK should follow Trump’s lead, we may question any future relationship between UK and EU. The question can be raised:
Is the US stance a long-term US commitment or is it ‘politics’ by Trump? If the latter it will surely change in 2024 and maybe this year if Trump should be voted out. If Trump is still the president for the next four years, we will see more confrontations with EU. Insofar as the EU economy is now bigger than the US economy and the US economy is harder hit by Corona, the US may not be able to be a dominant player for much longer. It is also worth noting that US seems to be drawing in on itself. The withdrawal from several international agreements is not a good sign. The US economy is too big to be neglected and is needed in the global perspective. If the UK should align itself to Trump’s visions (with trump president for the next four years), UK might find itself very isolated when Trump is out latest in 2024. Scotland There now seems to be a trend where laws and regulations are specific to either England or to Scotland. It can be called autonomy or Scottish independence or ‘the centre cannot hold’. If this trend is gaining momentum, then the Scottish independence movement might just want another referendum …and this time it might be dissolution of the UK as a consequence. Scotland was never in favour Brexit and if the Brexit deals regarding Ireland will be acceptable, Scotland might not be afraid of a breakup. Speculating, but it could be?
It’s mov
I still have no clue when we can are some titles worth considering the only one I can find these cor The secret garden The scene is Britain 1947. Mary, a young girl, explores her uncle’s estate and forest. Through many tribulations she discovers a magical garden hidden at her uncle’s house. I simply love these types of ‘Harry Potter’ style movies. Let us see what this one is all about then. Screening: 11 September 2020
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go to the movies. However, here g. All courtesy of Sterkinekor – rona-days The new mutants Part of the X-MEN: Five young mutants, just discovering their abilities while held in a secret facility against their will, fight to escape their past sins and save themselves. It is a bit ‘dark’ if the trailer is anything to go by. However, it is all fantasy. Screening; 4 September Beware: it says from 16 years
Is music only sound? This is something very speculative. When we listen to music, does it matter if we also ‘see’ music? Is the visual aspect more important than the audio? It sounds very strange really. Especially if we try to look at how we consume music. It is hard to just listen to music as I typically use my cell phone. And there is the video that goes with it. However, I also like to listen to music while driving. That is not the video as well – trust me. So let us turn to science. This is from an article I found here Quote: In a recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Chia-Jung Tsay had participants predict the winners of musical competitions based on recordings – some audio-only, some videos with audio, and some silent videos. The results were surprising: Participants who saw videos, even without sound, were able to identify the winners at a significantly higher rate than those who only listened to the music.
Surprising? Well Dr. Tsay says that her intuition had led her into this study as she perceived that the visuals play a significant role in what we ‘consume’. The study found that the above was independent of musical education. Laypeople and professionals showed the exact same behaviour. Quote: “Tsay’s study determined that visual input has a distinct impact on how we experience and evaluate music. The next step is to determine why—whether and to what extent neurological predisposition interacts with social biases, conscious or otherwise. Is this just amusing? It could easily be, but we need only look at a few examples. Film music is a great example. The music has to support the pictures. It has to be a harmonic setting. But the movie is still the important one. OK, next time we take in some classical concert, try to look at what we look at. Seldom do we lean back and close our eyes and just let the music overwhelm us. Try something: Listen to this one – close your eyes: Listen! Then try again – and admire the video. What made the bigger impression? Exactly!
Urban
Yeti and Bigfoot - o Let us continue with our urban myth and mysterious things happening. This is all from https://www.insider.com/ We have two stories, but they are really the same: the Yeti in the Himalayas and Bigfoot in the US. Insider says: “The generally accepted description of a Yeti is “an enormous, shaggy ape-man with huge feet and aggressive sabre-like teeth.” It’s said to reach about six feet tall, and produce footprints that are around 13 inches long”.
This is indeed an impressive beast.! Insider: “The legend of Bigfoot begins in 1958, when journalist Andrew Genzoli Sh published a letter from a reader of the paper he worked at. The letter detailed in mysteriously large footprints that loggers in northern California had found. of “Maybe we have a relative of the Abominable Snowman of the Himalayas,” Gen- m zoli wrote, according to History.com”. t As Insider previously wrote, Bigfoot has been called a “ferocious beast who attacks loggers and hikers, or a gentle giant who wants to be left alone. “ Are these then similar? Maybe the same? The big thing is that they have both received a lot of attention. If anyone is interested, there is now a whole series on DStv on ‘Finding Bigfoot’. Why not also have one on ‘Finding Yeti’? Maybe it is a bit more difficult to get the crew up Everest? It is easier to squat at Holiday Inn in Oregon?
n Myth
one and the same? In any event, there are plenty of sightings and plenty of foot marks, but nobody has ever had a meaningful conversation with either. And of course: they could be aliens, from a distant past – and that is also on DStv. It must be the truth then! PS: if you see one in Welkom, phone us.
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We need writers! Hola MaHigh-School is YOUR magazine. That is why we would love to see students writing for students about student life and everything of importance to a student in any grade10-12 across the country. What is required? That is easy: You have to be in grade 10-12 somewhere Impeccable in your preferred language-and that might not be English. We try to be more than just English. Passionate about your topic of choice - no dull articles here. Do you get anything out of it? Well, not money, sorrry. BUT if we publish your articles you will have: Your bio in a commercial magazine A photo of yourself You can put it all on your CV you can use us as a reference
Is it important? YES it is. Look what Rofhiwa said: My name is Rofhiwa and I love to write. I have used my skills to express my thoughts on international dealings of the world which have been published in Hola MaHigh-School. It has paid off, not only is my work printed for young people in the country to read, but it also contributed to me gettng a bursary from CNBC-Africa to do my post-graduate studies. Would be a lot harder to get by if I didn’t have a platform like Hola MaHigh-School.
What me on
to do?
ivan@ ro name mele.co.za : Cell n u m b e E-ma r i ... and l address we wi ll talk !
Next Issue We will follow what the end of year exams will look like. Also what next year will be like. How will funding for tertiary look? As it is we have no certainty. We will try do provide some real info. At least we have a month to find some info. No guarantees. October is always such a strange month. We will see that Christmas decorations go up (earlier and earlier). But this year? There is one thing for sure: we will still find something interesting for you. Look forward.
Sybil
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