ANGLEŠČINA
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Barbara Brezigar in Janja Zupančič
9
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Razlage in vaje za več znanja v 9. razredu
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ZBIRKA iZNAM ZA VEČ
ANGLEŠČINA 9
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Razlage in vaje za več znanja v 9. razredu
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Avtorici: Barbara Brezigar, MA, Janja Zupančič Urednica: Petra Bizjak Rogina Strokovni pregled: Mateja Prevodnik Mayland Lektoriranje angleškega besedila: Stephen Mayland Lektoriranje slovenskega besedila: Katja Paladin Ilustracije: Marta Bartolj Fotografije: iStockphoto (str. 12/2, 4, str. 19, 20, 21, 31, 41, 52, 59/1, 2, 3, 4), Dreamstime (str. 12/1, 3, 5, str. 59/5, str. 70)
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Vse knjige in dodatna gradiva Založbe Rokus Klett dobite tudi na naslovu www.knjigarna.com.
© Založba Rokus Klett, d. o. o. (2007). Vse pravice pridržane.
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Brez pisnega dovoljenja založnika so prepovedani reproduciranje, distribuiranje, javna priobčitev, predelava ali druga uporaba avtorskega dela ali njegovih delov v kakršnem koli obsegu in postopku, kot tudi fotokopiranje, tiskanje ali shranitev v elektronski obliki. Tako ravnanje pomeni, razen v primerih od 46. do 57. člena Zakona o avtorski in sorodnih pravicah, kršitev avtorske pravice.
Založba Rokus Klett, d. o. o. Stegne 9 b 1000 Ljubljana Telefon: (01) 513 46 00 E-pošta: rokus@rokus-klett.si www.rokus-klett.si
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CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 811.111(075.2)(076) BREZIGAR, Barbara, 1972iZnam za več. Angleščina 9 : razlage in vaje za več znanja v 9. razredu / Barbara Brezigar, Janja Zupančič ; [ilustracije Marta Bartolj ; fotografije Istockphoto, Dreamstime]. - 1. izd. - Ljubljana : Rokus Klett, 2021. - (Zbirka iZnam za več) ISBN 978-961-292-094-4 1. Zupančič, Janja, 1971COBISS.SI-ID 36349699
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Kazalo
Hej! Živijo!
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Izražanje sedanjosti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Izražanje preteklosti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Izražanje prihodnosti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Vsi časi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Trpnik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Pogojni odvisniki in časovni odvisniki za prihodnost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Modalni glagoli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Besedotvorje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Ponovitveni test 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Ponovitveni test 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Nepravilni glagoli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Slovar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Rešitve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
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Imaš težave z angleščino? No, potem je to pravi naslov zate. Z zbirko vaj Znam za več – iAngleščina lahko izboljšaš in utrdiš svoje znanje angleščine. Kako? Čisto preprosto. Zbirka ima osem poglavij, ki obsegajo najbolj zahtevno snov devetega razreda. Vsako poglavje je razdeljeno na štiri sklope: Besedilo, Razlaga, Vaje in Test. Jezički na vrhu strani ti olajšajo navigacijo, tako da vedno veš, kje si. V sklopu Besedilo srečaš neko besedilo, v katerem so predstavljene tiste slovnične strukture, ki jih poglavje obravnava. Te strukture so vedno obarvane, tako da jih lažje najdeš. V drugem sklopu – Razlaga – ti bom pojasnil, kako so sestavljene določene strukture in kako jih uporabljaš. Za utrditev tega znanja naredi naloge v sklopu Vaje, nato pa svoje znanje preveri še v sklopu Test.
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Naloge v testih so točkovane. Skupno število točk v vseh testih na koncu poglavij je 45. Velja pa sledeče: • 0–15 točk: ne znaš še dovolj (Še enkrat dobro poglej razlago.), • 16–30 točk: znaš že precej (Utrdi tiste strukture, ki so ti povzročile največ težav.), • 31–45 točk: znaš veliko (Bravo! Le tako naprej.).
Na koncu zbirke pa najdeš še dva ponovitvena testa. Prvega reši, ko predelaš prva štiri poglavja, drugega pa, ko predelaš druga štiri poglavja. Oba testa imata 60 točk, ki so prav tako razdeljene na tretjine, za katere velja isto, kot zgoraj. Vse rešitve vaj in testov lahko preveriš na koncu zbirke med rešitvami. Če pa med branjem besedil naletiš na neznane besede, si pomagaj s slovarčkom, ki ga prav tako najdeš na koncu zbirke.
Zdaj pa le pogumno! Saj veš, brez muje se še čevelj ne obuje. Malce se moraš potruditi in zagotovo bo šlo.
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Besedilo
Razlaga
Test
Hello! I’m Rebecca. This is my mum over there. She’s got the main role in the play.’
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IZRAŽANJE SEDANJOSTI
Vaje
I love my hair.
I hope for the best.
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I hate waiting.
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Where’s my hat?
Hello! I’m Rebecca. That’s my mum over there. She’s playing the main part in tonight’s show – the Moon. She’s wearing a long white dress. She usually wears earrings, too. But now she isn’t wearing any. Isn’t she beautiful? At the moment she’s standing in front of the mirror. She’s got long fair hair and she’s gently brushing it. I know she is nervous. She’s always on tenterhooks before any play. But the moment she appears on the stage, she becomes a different person. She doesn’t see the audience and she doesn’t even feel the heat of the spotlights. I believe she’ll be perfect tonight.
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Izražanje sedanjosti
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Besedilo
Razlaga
Vaje
Test
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My mum is an online entertainment editor. Already early in the morning she turns on her laptop and checks for the news. She doesn’t like to be behind with the news. After breakfast she takes Jason, Kelly and me to school. We don’t take the bus because the school is on mum’s way to work. Then she goes to her office. She writes stories for the company’s Web site, updates blogs, monitors story chat and responds to reader’s questions. Sometimes she interviews celebrities.
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Her hobby is theatre and she’s very fond of reading, too. She owns about a thousand books. Her library contains a priceless manuscript by a famous American playwright Virginia Pulitzer. No wonder she’s writing a play. It’s a play for children. She hopes to finish it by the end of the year.
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Can you see the photo on my mum’s desk? She’s shaking hands with one of the best British actresses. They’re standing on the red carpet in front of the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood. My mum is always going to award ceremonies alone. Alone! It really winds me up. I’d like to meet famous film stars, too.
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Besedilo
Razlaga
Vaje
Test
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Kadar želiš opisati dogodke, ki se dogajajo v sedanjosti, uporabi Present Simple ali Present Continuous.
S slovničnim časom Present Simple lahko izraziš:
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• navade: Already early in the morning she turns on her laptop and checks for the news. • dejanja, ki se ponavljajo: At 9 o’clock she meets the managing director. • stanja: She owns about a thousand books. • splošne resnice: The sun rises in the east.
S slovničnim časom Present Continuous opišeš:
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• dejanje, ki se prav zdaj dogaja: She’s brushing her hair. • dejanje, ki se dogaja v omejenem obdobju v sedanjosti, a ne nujno v tem trenutku: No wonder she’s writing a play. • dejanja, ki te motijo: She’s always going to award ceremonies alone.
Angleščina pa pozna tudi glagole, ki navadno ne izražajo aktivnosti, pač pa stanja. Ponavadi se uporabljajo v glagolskem času Present Simple. Razdelimo jih lahko v štiri skupine, glede na to, kaj izražajo.
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Razlaga
Besedilo
Vaje
Test
Miselni procesi love like hate dislike prefer want wish
Čutila
Imeti in bivati
be have own contain possess hold cost
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hear see smell feel taste
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think mean imagine believe know remember hope
Čustva
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Seveda pa tudi tokrat ne gre brez izjem. Nekateri od teh glagolov lahko izražajo tudi aktivnost. Takrat se njihov pomen spremeni.
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The theatre has three different stages. Gledališče ima tri prizorišča. (stanje) The director is having breakfast with the producer. Please, do not disturb them. Režiser in producent zajtrkujeta. Prosim, da ju ne motite. (aktivnost) Ann thinks her hair is wonderful. Ann meni, da so njeni lasje čudoviti. (stanje) Ann is thinking about the play. Ann razmišlja o igri. (aktivnost) 7
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Besedilo
Razlaga
Vaje
Test
Match the people with the activities. Then write sentences about what the people do
when they are in the theatre. / Poveži osebe z aktivnostmi. Nato zapiši, kaj počnejo te osebe, kadar so v gledališču.
a) creates the objects that are used on stage b) operates the lighting system during a performance 1 c) acts in a play d) shows people where to sit e) makes costumes f ) tells the actors what to do g) go to see a play h) writes plays Present Simple uporabiš, da poveš, 1. An actors acts in a play. kaj osebe vedno ali 2. po navadi delajo. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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1. actor 2. director 3. usherette 4. prop maker 5. playwright 6. lighting operator 7. costume designer 8. theatre-goers
What a mess! All the sentences are wrong! Negate them and then find an appropriate
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meaning in one of the sentences in the exercise. Then write the correct sentences. Kakšna zmešnjava! Povedi so napačne! Zanikaj jih, nato med povedmi v nalogi poišči ustrezen pomen in zapiši pravilne povedi.
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1. A sword swallower makes everyone laugh. A sword swallower doesn’t make everyone laugh. He swallows swords. 2. Fire breathers walk on a high wire. . 3. A juggler cuts his assistant with a saw. . 4. Wire-walkers swallow swords. . 5. Acrobats create large flames. . 6. Clowns perform breathtaking shows. . 7. A magician throws balls and clubs. .
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Pri nikalnih stavkih v času Present Simple moraš uporabiti pomožni glagol do ali does. Pazi! V 3. osebi ednine glagol izgubi končnico -s.
Izražanje sedanjosti
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Besedilo
Vaje
Razlaga
Test
Circus performers from Exercise 2 are having a day off. What are they doing? Cirkusanti iz vaje 2 imajo prost dan. Kako ga preživljajo?
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1. (surf the Net) The sword swallower isn’t swallowing swords. He’s surfing the Net. 2. (lie in the sun) Fire breathers 3. (do Sudoku) The juggler 4. (ride horses) Wire-walkers 5. (rollerblade) Acrobats 6. (barbecue sausages) Clowns 7. (cut onions) The magician Make questions for the underlined words. Use the question words from the box. Vprašaj po podčrtanih besedah. Uporabi vprašalnice iz okvirja. who (2x)
when
why
Lions stay in their cages.
whose
how often
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Where do lions stay?
where
Mr Henderson feeds the dogs twice a day. Sea lions eat fish, shellfish and squid.
Circus artists have rehearsals an hour before the performance. These are the fire-eater’s matches.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
what
Students sell popcorn and rock candy. Children are laughing at the clowns.
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A juggler is looking for his clubs because he has to appear on stage.
Kadar tvoriš vprašanja v času Present Simple, uporabiš pomožni glagol do ali does, glagol pa postaviš v nedoločnik. Če sprašuješ po osebku, ne potrebuješ pomožnega glagola. Glagol ostane tak kot v trdilni obliki, s končnico -s. Who rides a bike?
Če sprašuješ po osebku: Kdo? – Who?, uporabi pomožni glagol v tretji osebi ednine, ne glede na to, ali bo v odgovoru osebek v ednini ali množini. Npr. Who is reading? Students are reading.
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Besedilo
Razlaga
Vaje
Test
Kevin Potter is a sea lion trainer. He’s talking to a group of children. Write the questions children ask. / Kevin Potter je vaditelj morskih levov. Pogovarja se s skupino otrok. Zapiši njihova vprašanja.
1
Are sea lions intelligent
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Yes, sea lions are very intelligent.
?
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No, they don’t eat vegetables.
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3
Yes, males grow bigger than females. They grow up to 300 kilos.
?
4
No, they aren’t sleeping now.
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Yes, this little sea lion is learning how to catch a ball on its nose.
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Yes, they like playing with a ball. 7
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No, I don’t feed them. Catherine does. 8
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Yes, Catherine helps me train them.
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Ann: Potter: Brian: Potter: Amanda: Potter: Julia: Potter: David: Potter: Mathew: Potter: Lucy: Potter: Peter: Potter:
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Vprašanja, ki se v slovenščini začnejo z besedo Ali, se v angleščini začnejo s pomožnim glagolom npr.: Is, Are, Do, Does, Has, Can … Vprašanje in odgovor sta običajno v istem glagolskem času.
Circle the most appropriate verb form. / Obkroži ustrezno obliko glagola.
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Skrbno preberi povedi in se odloči, kaj izraža glagol. Če izraža stanje, uporabi Present Simple, če pa izraža aktivnost, uporabi Present Continuous.
1. Mrs Caitlin is having / has four children: three sons and a daughter. 2. Wait here a second, please. Mr Devlin is having / has a phone call. 3. I’m thinking / think of going to the theatre tonight. Would you like to come? 4. I’m thinking / think Cats is the best musical I’ve ever seen. 5. The juggler is seeing / sees double. Should he go to the doctor? 6. People on stage are seeing / see the audience in the first three rows. 7. Linda is smelling / smells her new perfume. 8. This perfume is smelling / smells fantastic. Try it on.
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Besedilo
Razlaga
Vaje
Test
Complete the text about one of the actresses in the school play. Choose the correct verb
form. Circle a, b or c. / Dopolni besedilo o eni od igralk v šolski predstavi. Izberi ustrezno obliko glagola: a, b ali c.
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the role of a star. She 2 in the school canteen. Everyone loves That’s Mrs Jones. She 1 3 4 delicious chicken curry. Well, she today. Right now she 5 her meals. She . She 7 her lines. It’s not a secret that she often dressed. You can see that her lips 6 8 9 the text. Her husband and two daughters in the front row. They 10 for the 11 12 they’re nervous, too. Mrs Jones to make them proud. Let’s keep play to begin. It our fingers crossed for her. b) plays b) ’s working b) makes b) doesn’t cook b) get b) move b) ’s revising b) forget b) are sitting b) wait b) seem b) wants
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1. a) play 2. a) work 3. a) ’s making 4. a) isn’t cooking 5. a) ’s getting 6. a) is moving 7. a) revise 8. a) forgets 9. a) is sitting 10. a) waits 11. a) seems 12. a) are wanting
c) ’s playing c) works c) make c) aren’t cooking c) gets c) are moving c) revises c) is forgetting c) sit c) ’re waiting c) ’s seeming c) is wanting
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous form and
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complete the text. / Glagole v oklepajih postavi v ustrezno obliko: Present Simple ali Present Continuous, in dopolni besedilo.
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A: Who 1 is playing (play) the beggar? B: Oh, that’s Mr Brown. (you know) him well? A: 2 B: Not very well. He’s Kevin’s father. In real life he’s a photographer. He never 3 (leave) his camera at home because he looks for interesting (take) photos and 5 (sell) moments all the time. He 4 6 (not have) his camera them to newspapers and magazines. He 7 (be) in his bag under the chair. Kevin with him at the moment. It 8 (take) pictures of the play today. He 9 (not use) (have) his own camera, a digital one. his dad’s camera. He 10 11 (Mr Brown / do) now? A: What 12 (look) for something. B: He 13 (he look) for? A: What (think) he’s looking for his hat. Oh, he’s found it. It 15 B: I 14 (lie) on the floor. 11
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